FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cicerone, MT Camp, C Lee, YJ Hartshorn, C AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Camp, Charles Lee, Young J. Hartshorn, Christopher TI Rapid, functional, coherent Raman imaging SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Camp, Charles; Lee, Young J.; Hartshorn, Christopher] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 151-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801022 ER PT J AU Claverie, F Malherbe, J Bier, N Molloy, JL Long, SE AF Claverie, Fanny Malherbe, Julien Bier, Naomi Molloy, John L. Long, Stephen E. TI Novel quantification strategies using spinning sampling chamber laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Claverie, Fanny; Malherbe, Julien; Bier, Naomi; Molloy, John L.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM john.molloy@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 97-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800869 ER PT J AU Cziczo, DJ Garimella, S Froyd, K AF Cziczo, Daniel J. Garimella, Sarvesh Froyd, Karl TI Using laboratory studies to understand in situ studies of ice nucleation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.; Garimella, Sarvesh] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. [Froyd, Karl] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, Karl] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM djcziczo@mit.edu RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 4-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807168 ER PT J AU Du, K Ko, SH Gallatin, GM Yoon, H Liddle, JA Berglund, A AF Du, Kan Ko, Seung Hyeon (Sarah) Gallatin, Gregg M. Yoon, Heayoung Liddle, J. Alexander Berglund, Andrew TI Kinetics of quantum dot-DNA origami binding: A single particle, 3D real-time tracking study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Du, Kan; Ko, Seung Hyeon (Sarah); Gallatin, Gregg M.; Yoon, Heayoung; Liddle, J. Alexander; Berglund, Andrew] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Du, Kan; Ko, Seung Hyeon (Sarah); Yoon, Heayoung] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM james.liddle@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 470-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802651 ER PT J AU Dutton, GJ Robey, SW AF Dutton, G. J. Robey, S. W. TI Charge separation and relaxation at organic molecular interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dutton, G. J.; Robey, S. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.robey@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 179-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802381 ER PT J AU Fan, SM Mao, JQ Chen, Y AF Fan, Songmiao Mao, Jingqiu Chen, Ying TI Measurement and modeling of aerosol Fe speciation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fan, Songmiao; Mao, Jingqiu] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chen, Ying] Fudan Univ, Dept Envrionmental Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM Songmiao.Fan@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 275-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807427 ER PT J AU Fears, K Heilweil, E Owrutsky, J Clark, T AF Fears, Kenan Heilweil, Edwin Owrutsky, Jeff Clark, Thomas TI Electronic and vibrational circular dichroism of peptides adsorbed on inorganic nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fears, Kenan; Owrutsky, Jeff; Clark, Thomas] US Naval Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenan.fears.ctr@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 619-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802791 ER PT J AU Fry, JL Draper, D Brown, SS Dube, WP Zarzana, K Cohen, RC Lee, L Campuzano-Jost, P Day, D Palm, BB Jimenez, JL Hansel, A Kaser, L Greenberg, J Ortega, J Smith, JN Winkler, P AF Fry, Juliane L. Draper, Danielle Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Zarzana, Kyle Cohen, Ronald C. Lee, Lance Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Day, Douglas Palm, Brett B. Jimenez, Jose L. Hansel, Armin Kaser, Lisa Greenberg, James Ortega, John Smith, James N. Winkler, Paul TI NO3-initiated oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons as a nighttime source of secondary organic aerosol SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Fry, Juliane L.; Draper, Danielle] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zarzana, Kyle; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas; Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hansel, Armin; Kaser, Lisa] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Greenberg, James; Ortega, John; Smith, James N.; Winkler, Paul] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Cohen, Ronald C.; Lee, Lance] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CO 94720 USA. EM fry@reed.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 213-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807369 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Zammarano, M AF Gilman, Jeffrey W. Zammarano, Mauro TI Use of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) as a new characterization method for the interface in sustainable nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jwgilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 57-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801429 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CA Rincon, LC Simon-Manso, Y Reyes, RV AF Gonzalez, Carlos A. Rincon, Luis C. Simon-Manso, Yamil Vivas Reyes, Ricardos TI Using chemical reactivity theory to explore potential energy surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gonzalez, Carlos A.; Simon-Manso, Yamil] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rincon, Luis C.] Univ Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. [Vivas Reyes, Ricardos] Univ Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov RI Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 118-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621803064 ER PT J AU Green, MA AF Green, Mark A. TI Chemical, structural, and magnetic trends in iron-based superconductors from advanced neutron diffraction techniques SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM asiazag@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 37-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804799 ER PT J AU Greenlee, LF Goldstein, NS AF Greenlee, Lauren F. Goldstein, Nikki S. TI Role of complexation strength in metallic nanoparticle synthesis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Greenlee, Lauren F.; Goldstein, Nikki S.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lauren.greenlee@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 111-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807775 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ McCarty, GW Rice, CP Hively, WD McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM Lang, MW Whitall, DR Bialek, K Downey, P AF Hapeman, Cathleen J. McCarty, Gregory W. Rice, Clifford P. Hively, W. Dean McConnell, Laura L. Sadeghi, Ali M. Lang, Megan W. Whitall, David R. Bialek, Krystyna Downey, Peter TI Exploring the association of the metolachlor metabolite MESA and agricultural nitrate-N fate and transport in the Choptank River Watershed SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Rice, Clifford P.; McConnell, Laura L.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Bialek, Krystyna; Downey, Peter] ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Sci Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Lang, Megan W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Whitall, David R.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 196-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800449 ER PT J AU Hartshorn, CM Cicerone, MT Marsac, PJ Liu, Z Lee, YJ Camp, CH AF Hartshorn, Christopher M. Cicerone, Marcus T. Marsac, Patrick J. Liu, Zhen Lee, Young J. Camp, Charles H. TI Multicomponent biopharmaceutical imaging with broadband CARS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hartshorn, Christopher M.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Lee, Young J.; Camp, Charles H.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marsac, Patrick J.; Liu, Zhen] Merck & Co Inc, Mol & Mat Characterizat, West Point, PA 19486 USA. EM cmh1@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 268-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801126 ER PT J AU Heller, S AF Heller, Stephen TI Use of InChI on the Internet SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heller, Stephen] NIST, CBRD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve@hellers.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 105-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802169 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Yezer, B MacCuspie, R Gorham, J AF Holbrook, R. David Yezer, Benjamin MacCuspie, Robert Gorham, Justin TI Donnan membrane technique: Separating nanoparticles from ions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Holbrook, R. David; Yezer, Benjamin; Gorham, Justin] NIST, Sci & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 346-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804547 ER PT J AU Hurley, DC Killgore, JP Campbell, SE Kos, AB AF Hurley, Donna C. Killgore, Jason P. Campbell, Sara E. Kos, Anthony B. TI When "contrast" is not enough: Contact resonance methods for quantitative AFM nanomechanics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hurley, Donna C.; Killgore, Jason P.; Campbell, Sara E.; Kos, Anthony B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM donna.hurley@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 56-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621808236 ER PT J AU Kalafut-Pettibone, A McGivern, S AF Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia McGivern, Sean TI Examination of early-stage chemistry of secondary organic aerosol formation using a flow cell SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia; McGivern, Sean] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alicia.pettibone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 508-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807640 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Dennis, CL Mossine, AV Atwood, JL AF Kumari, Harshita Dennis, Cindi L. Mossine, Andrew V. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Magnetic behavior of metal-containing pyrogallol[4]arene based nanoassemblies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kumari, Harshita; Mossine, Andrew V.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Dennis, Cindi L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hkyq2@mail.missouri.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 96-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804858 ER PT J AU Leowanawat, P Aqad, E Imam, MR Sun, HJ Peterca, M Hudson, SD Ungar, G Zeng, XB Graf, R Spiess, HW Heiney, PA Percec, V AF Leowanawat, Pawaret Aqad, Emad Imam, Mohammad R. Sun, Hao-Jan Peterca, Mihai Hudson, Steven D. Ungar, Goran Zeng, Xiangbing Graf, Robert Spiess, Hans W. Heiney, Paul A. Percec, Virgil TI Self-assembly and self-repairing of complex helical columns based on dendronized perylene bisimides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Leowanawat, Pawaret; Aqad, Emad; Imam, Mohammad R.; Sun, Hao-Jan; Peterca, Mihai; Percec, Virgil] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ungar, Goran; Zeng, Xiangbing] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn & Sci, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Ungar, Goran] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Graf, Robert; Spiess, Hans W.] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Heiney, Paul A.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM pawaret@sas.upenn.edu; sun1@sas.upenn.edu RI Percec, Virgil/H-6316-2014; Peterca, Mihai/C-9504-2009; Imam, Mohammad/E-3787-2015 OI Percec, Virgil/0000-0001-5926-0489; Peterca, Mihai/0000-0002-7247-4008; Imam, Mohammad/0000-0003-0794-3725 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 749-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807037 ER PT J AU Lippa, K Schantz, M AF Lippa, Katrice Schantz, Michele TI Use of SRMs in method development and validation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lippa, Katrice; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 173-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800426 ER PT J AU Loesch, B Khafizov, M Wang, SJ Tu, XM Zheng, M Krauss, T AF Loesch, Bradford Khafizov, Marat Wang, Shujing Tu Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Krauss, Todd TI Multiple exciton generation in single chirality, single-walled carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Loesch, Bradford; Wang, Shujing; Krauss, Todd] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Tu Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Khafizov, Marat] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bloesch@mail.rochester.edu RI Khafizov, Marat/B-3744-2012 OI Khafizov, Marat/0000-0001-8171-3528 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 78-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807242 ER PT J AU Long, DA Cygan, A Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Long, David A. Cygan, Agata Lisak, Daniel Hodges, Joseph T. TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Long, David A.; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cygan, Agata; Lisak, Daniel] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Phys, Torun, Poland. EM david.long@nist.gov RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 49-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807213 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Zachariah, M Zangmeister, CD AF Ma, Xiaofei Zachariah, Michael Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Reduction of freely-suspended crumpled graphene oxide nanopaper SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xiaofei.ma@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 449-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804011 ER PT J AU Ma, YR Callahan, LAS Stafford, CM Becker, ML AF Ma, Yanrui Callahan, Laura A. Smith Stafford, Christopher M. Becker, Matthew L. TI Fabrication of orthogonal peptide concentration gradient surfaces for directing stem cells differentiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ma, Yanrui; Callahan, Laura A. Smith; Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Austen Bioinnovat Inst Akron, Ctr Biomat Med, Akron, OH 44308 USA. EM ym24@zips.uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 349-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621808109 ER PT J AU Maruf, SH Ahn, DU Pellegrino, J Killgore, JP Greenberg, AR Ding, YF AF Maruf, Sajjad H. Ahn, Dae U. Pellegrino, John Killgore, Jason P. Greenberg, Alan R. Ding, Yifu TI Correlation between barrier layer T-g and the permselectivity of a thin-film composite polyamide membrane upon chlorine treatment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Maruf, Sajjad H.; Ahn, Dae U.; Pellegrino, John; Greenberg, Alan R.; Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Killgore, Jason P.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM yifu.ding@colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 32-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621808213 ER PT J AU Michaels, CA Yoo, HW Jung, HT Richter, LJ AF Michaels, Chris A. Yoo, Hae-Wook Jung, Hee-Tae Richter, Lee J. TI Surface plasmon polariton Raman microsopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Michaels, Chris A.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoo, Hae-Wook; Jung, Hee-Tae] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM chris.michaels@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 220-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801089 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Striegel, AM AF Morris, Mallory J. Striegel, Andre M. TI Mechanochemical degradation of styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Morris, Mallory J.; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mallory.harlow@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 273-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621808036 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Striegel, AM AF Morris, Mallory J. Striegel, Andre M. TI Determining the solution conformational entropy of beta-(1-4)-linked oligosaccharides by SEC/viscometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Morris, Mallory J.; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM mallory.harlow@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 11-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801170 ER PT J AU Murphy, JG Ellis, RA Markovic, MZ VandenBoer, TC Petroff, A Gregoire, P Wentworth, G Hayes, PL Cubison, MJ Ortega, AM Jimenez, JL Liu, JM Weber, RJ Veres, P Cochran, AK Roberts, JM Brown, SS AF Murphy, Jennifer G. Ellis, Raluca A. Markovic, Milos Z. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Petroff, Alexandre Gregoire, Phillip Wentworth, Gregory Hayes, Patrick L. Cubison, Michael J. Ortega, Amber M. Jimenez, Jose L. Liu, Jiumeng Weber, Rodney J. Veres, Patrick Cochran, Anthony K. Roberts, Jim M. Brown, Steven S. TI Significance of supermicron particles for atmospheric nitrogen oxides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Murphy, Jennifer G.; Ellis, Raluca A.; Markovic, Milos Z.; VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Petroff, Alexandre; Gregoire, Phillip; Wentworth, Gregory] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Hayes, Patrick L.; Cubison, Michael J.; Ortega, Amber M.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, Jiumeng; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Veres, Patrick; Cochran, Anthony K.; Roberts, Jim M.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM jmurphy@chem.utoronto.ca RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 173-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807334 ER PT J AU Nowak, JB Neuman, JA Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM Holloway, JS McKeen, SA Ryerson, TB Trainer, M Parrish, DD AF Nowak, John B. Neuman, J. Andrew Bahreini, Roya Middlebrook, Ann M. Holloway, John S. McKeen, Stuart A. Ryerson, Thomas B. Trainer, Michael Parrish, David D. TI Characterization of ammonia emissions from agricultural sources in California and their implications for ammonium nitrate formation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Bahreini, Roya; Holloway, John S.; McKeen, Stuart A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Holloway, John S.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael; Parrish, David D.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM John.Nowak@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 215-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621800465 ER PT J AU O'Connor, B Richter, LR Gargi, D Toney, MF DeLongchamp, DM AF O'Connor, Brendan Richter, Lee R. Gargi, Deepak Toney, Michael F. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Charge transport behavior in plastically deformed poly(3-hexylthiophene) films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [O'Connor, Brendan; Gargi, Deepak] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Richter, Lee R.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM btoconno@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 34-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807699 ER PT J AU Orski, SV Kundu, S Gross, RA Beers, KL AF Orski, Sara V. Kundu, Santanu Gross, Richard A. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Stability of solid-supported enzyme catalysts for ring-opening polymerization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Orski, Sara V.; Kundu, Santanu; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gross, Richard A.] NYU, Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM sara.orski@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 124-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621808304 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Marquis, BJ Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Nelson, BC AF Petersen, Elijah J. Marquis, Bryce J. Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Nelson, Bryant C. TI Tools and approaches for the assessment of nanomaterial induced oxidative DNA damage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.; Marquis, Bryce J.; Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 350-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804551 ER PT J AU Peterson, AW Halter, M Plant, AL AF Peterson, Alexander W. Halter, Michael Plant, Anne L. TI Surface plasmon resonance imaging for cell biology: Direct measurement of the evanescent wave penetration depth SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.peterson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 186-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802388 ER PT J AU Rowe, BW Page, KA Soles, CL AF Rowe, Brandon W. Page, Kirt A. Soles, Christopher L. TI On the influences of confinement in membranes and materials for energy technologies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rowe, Brandon W.; Page, Kirt A.; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brandon.rowe@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 109-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807773 ER PT J AU Sacui, IA Gilman, JW AF Sacui, Iulia A. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Characterizing and fractionating native cellulose nanofibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sacui, Iulia A.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Dept Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iulia.sacui@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 63-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801435 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Brewer, AK AF Striegel, Andre M. Brewer, Amandaa K. TI Characterizing a nanocage drug delivery vesicle using multidetector hydrodynamic chromatography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Amandaa K.] Tosoh Biosci LLC, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 278-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801135 ER PT J AU Sumida, K Bloch, ED Mason, JA Herm, ZR Queen, WL Rogow, DL Brown, CM Long, JR AF Sumida, Kenji Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Herm, Zoey R. Queen, Wendy L. Rogow, David L. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrogen storage in metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sumida, Kenji; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Herm, Zoey R.; Queen, Wendy L.; Rogow, David L.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sumida, Kenji; Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Herm, Zoey R.; Queen, Wendy L.; Rogow, David L.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 193-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807857 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Konicek, AR Scott, KCK AF Szakal, Christopher Konicek, Andrew R. Scott, Keana C. K. TI Advanced approaches for secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of biological cells and nanoparticle aggregates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Szakal, Christopher; Konicek, Andrew R.; Scott, Keana C. K.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cszakal@nist.gov RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 159-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621801030 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Elzey, S DelRio, FW Keene, AM Tyner, KM Clogston, JD MacCuspie, RI Guha, S Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Elzey, Sherrie DelRio, Frank W. Keene, Athena M. Tyner, Katherine M. Clogston, Jeffrey D. MacCuspie, Robert I. Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Tumor necrosis factor interaction with gold nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Elzey, Sherrie; DelRio, Frank W.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Keene, Athena M.; Tyner, Katherine M.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Clogston, Jeffrey D.] NCI Frederick, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dhtsai@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 493-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802673 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Shelton, M DelRio, FW Guha, S Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Shelton, Melanie DelRio, Frank W. Guha, Suvajyoti Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Quantifying dithiothreitol displacement of functional ligands from gold nanoparticles: Applications in nanomedicine SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Shelton, Melanie; DelRio, Frank W.; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dhtsai@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 366-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802554 ER PT J AU Tung, MS Hwang, J AF Tung, Ming S. Hwang, Jesse TI Effects of biopolymers on the formation and transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate in aqueous system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tung, Ming S.; Hwang, Jesse] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.tung@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 114-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621802316 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Atencia, J Ford, RM AF Wang, Xiaopu Atencia, Javier Ford, Roseanne M. TI Chemotaxis of pollutant-degrading bacteria to toluene droplets retained within the low permeable region in a heterogeneous porous microfluidic device SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, Xiaopu; Ford, Roseanne M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Atencia, Javier] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xw8a@virginia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 127-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804352 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Flores, JM Young, CJ Brown, SS Brock, CA Rudich, Y Angevine, WM Atlas, EL Blake, DR Bon, DM Cubison, MJ de Gouw, JA Dusanter, S Flynn, J Gilman, JB Grauss, M Griffith, S Grossberg, N Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Kuster, WC Lefer, BL Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Stark, H Stevens, PS Trainer, MK AF Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Flores, Jorge M. Young, Cora J. Brown, Steven S. Brock, Charles A. Rudich, Yinon Angevine, Wayne M. Atlas, Elliot L. Blake, Donald R. Bon, Daniel M. Cubison, Michael J. de Gouw, Joost A. Dusanter, Sebastien Flynn, James Gilman, Jessica B. Grauss, Martin Griffith, Stephen Grossberg, Nicole Hayes, Patrick L. Jimenez, Jose L. Kuster, William C. Lefer, Barry L. Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Stark, Harald Stevens, Philip S. Trainer, Michael K. TI Applications of broadband cavity enhanced spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Young, Cora J.; Angevine, Wayne M.; Cubison, Michael J.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Grauss, Martin; Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.; Kuster, William C.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Stark, Harald] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Young, Cora J.; Brown, Steven S.; Brock, Charles A.; Angevine, Wayne M.; de Gouw, Joost A.; Flynn, James; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael K.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Flores, Jorge M.; Rudich, Yinon] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Atlas, Elliot L.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL USA. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA USA. [Bon, Daniel M.] State Colorado, Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Cubison, Michael J.; Hayes, Patrick L.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dusanter, Sebastien] Univ Lille Nord France, Lille, France. [Dusanter, Sebastien] EMDouai, Douai, France. [Flynn, James; Grossberg, Nicole; Lefer, Barry L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Griffith, Stephen; Stevens, Philip S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN USA. [Griffith, Stephen; Stevens, Philip S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN USA. [Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 48-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807212 ER PT J AU Watson, S Tsai, M AF Watson, Stephanie Tsai, Melinda TI Effects of temperature, humidity, and water submergence on the degradation of polymeric cable insulation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Watson, Stephanie; Tsai, Melinda] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.watson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 419-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621808174 ER PT J AU Wu, H Zhou, W Pinkerton, FE Udovic, TJ Yildirim, T Rush, JJ AF Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Pinkerton, Frederick E. Udovic, Terrence J. Yildirim, Taner Rush, John J. TI Metal hydrazinoboranes: Crystal structures and high-extent dehydrogenation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Yildirim, Taner; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pinkerton, Frederick E.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM huiwu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 103-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621803587 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T AF Yildirim, Taner TI Porous graphene oxide frameworks: Synthesis and gas sorption properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 599-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621804142 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T Srinivas, G Burress, J AF Yildirim, Taner Srinivas, Gadipelli Burress, Jacob TI Nanoporous carbons derived from graphene oxide (GO) and metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yildirim, Taner; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Burress, Jacob] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner; Srinivas, Gadipelli] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 120-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621803603 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, C Ma, XF AF Zangmeister, Chris Ma, Xiaofei TI Tunable laboratory generated aerosols linking experimental data to field measurements and theory SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zangmeister, Chris; Ma, Xiaofei] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 509-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621807641 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Methane storage in porous metal-organic frameworks: Some recent progress SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2012 VL 244 MA 391-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 220XX UT WOS:000324621803848 ER PT J AU Tamura, H Miyazawa, Y Oey, LY AF Tamura, Hitoshi Miyazawa, Yasumasa Oey, Lie-Yauw TI The Stokes drift and wave induced-mass flux in the North Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; LANGMUIR CIRCULATIONS; GRAVITY-WAVES; MIXED-LAYER; GLOBAL CLIMATOLOGY; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SURFACE-WAVES; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS AB Stokes drift and wave induced-mass flux in realistic wavefields and ocean currents in the North Pacific Ocean are studied using a third generation wave model with ambient geostrophic currents estimated from satellite altimetry data to directly estimate the Stokes drift for random directional waves. Comparison with in situ buoy data shows that the model performed well in representing the Stokes drift field and total wave momentum. In the North Pacific, the annual mean surface Stokes drift ranges from 2 to 10 cm/s and the mean Stokes e-folding depth is 1 to 2 m. The Stokes drift fields estimated using bulk wave parameters compare poorly against buoy data, and are shown to overestimate (underestimate) the Stokes e-folding depth (the surface Stokes drift) computed directly from wave spectra by as much as 5-20 times larger (2-10 times smaller). The spatial distributions of mean wave height and mass transport approximately follow the synoptic scale associated with atmospheric forcing, and the divergence of wave induced-mass flux is significantly modified by local fetch, the coast and ocean currents. Due to strong wave refraction along the Kuroshio extension, surface vertical velocity induced by Stokes divergence is comparable to the Ekman velocity, and may alter the meso-scale dynamics of the front. C1 [Tamura, Hitoshi; Miyazawa, Yasumasa] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tamura, H (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM htamura@jamstec.go.jp RI Tamura, Hitoshi/E-8750-2014; Miyazawa, Yasumasa/J-3196-2014 OI Miyazawa, Yasumasa/0000-0002-0107-6272 FU Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which were very helpful in improving the manuscript. The geostrophic currents data were provided by Daisuke Ambe at Fisheries Research Agency. HT also wishes to acknowledge helpful discussions with Takuji Waseda (University of Tokyo) and Hidenori Aiki (JAMSTEC). This work is part of the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment (JCOPE) supported by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). HT was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C08021 DI 10.1029/2012JC008113 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 991VU UT WOS:000307732000005 ER PT J AU Cullinan, MA Panas, RM Culpepper, ML AF Cullinan, Michael A. Panas, Robert M. Culpepper, Martin L. TI A multi-axis MEMS sensor with integrated carbon nanotube-based piezoresistors for nanonewton level force metrology SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAIN; FILM; BIOMECHANICS; FABRICATION; CANTILEVER AB This paper presents the design and fabrication of a multi-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) force sensor with integrated carbon nanotube (CNT)-based piezoresistive sensors. Through the use of proper CNT selection and sensor fabrication techniques, the performance of the CNT-based MEMS force sensor was increased by approximately two orders of magnitude as compared to current CNT-based sensor systems. The range and resolution of the force sensor were determined as 84 mu N and 5.6 nN, respectively. The accuracy of the force sensor was measured to be better than 1% over the device's full range. C1 [Cullinan, Michael A.; Panas, Robert M.; Culpepper, Martin L.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cullinan, Michael A.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cullinan, MA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM Culpepper@mit.edu NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 17 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 32 AR 325501 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/32/325501 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 978KB UT WOS:000306738100008 PM 22825308 ER PT J AU Jacopin, G Rigutti, L Bellei, S Lavenus, P Julien, FH Davydov, AV Tsvetkov, D Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Schlager, JB Tchernycheva, M AF Jacopin, G. Rigutti, L. Bellei, S. Lavenus, P. Julien, F. H. Davydov, A. V. Tsvetkov, D. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. Schlager, J. B. Tchernycheva, M. TI Photoluminescence polarization in strained GaN/AlGaN core/shell nanowires SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; EMISSION; EPITAXY; ALLOYS AB The optical polarization properties of GaN/AlGaN core/shell nanowire (NW) heterostructures have been investigated using polarization resolved micro-photoluminescence (mu-PL) and interpreted in terms of a strain-dependent 6 x 6 k . p theoretical model. The NW heterostructures were fabricated in two steps: the Si-doped n-type c-axis GaN NW cores were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and then epitaxially overgrown using halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) to form Mg-doped AlGaN shells. The emission of the uncoated strain-free GaN NW core is found to be polarized perpendicular to the c-axis, while the GaN core compressively strained by the AlGaN shell exhibits a polarization parallel to the NW c-axis. The luminescence of the AlGaN shell is weakly polarized perpendicular to the c-axis due to the tensile axial strain in the shell. C1 [Jacopin, G.; Rigutti, L.; Bellei, S.; Lavenus, P.; Julien, F. H.; Tchernycheva, M.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, CNRS, UMR 8622, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Rigutti, L.] Univ Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6634, Grp Phys Mat, F-76801 St Etienne, France. [Davydov, A. V.; Tsvetkov, D.] NIST, MML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.; Schlager, J. B.] NIST, PML, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jacopin, G (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, CNRS, UMR 8622, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM gwenole.jacopin@u-psud.fr RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Tchernycheva, Maria/A-9546-2014; JACOPIN, Gwenole/M-7360-2015 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Tchernycheva, Maria/0000-0003-4144-0793; JACOPIN, Gwenole/0000-0003-0049-7195 FU French ANR agency [ANR-08-BLAN-0179]; Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche FX This work was supported by the French ANR agency under the programs ANR-08-BLAN-0179 NanoPhotoNit. GJ acknowledges financial support from the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 81 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 17 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 32 AR 325701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/32/325701 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 978KB UT WOS:000306738100015 PM 22802219 ER PT J AU Zheng, QA Holt, B Li, XF Liu, XN Zhao, Q Yuan, YL Yang, XF AF Zheng, Quanan Holt, Benjamin Li, Xiaofeng Liu, Xinan Zhao, Qing Yuan, Yeli Yang, Xiaofeng TI Deep-water seamount wakes on SEASAT SAR image in the Gulf Stream region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; UNDERWATER BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY; OCEAN SURFACE AB A SEASAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image taken over the Gulf Stream region shows streak-like patterns. The physics of their generation and interaction with the Gulf Stream are disputed. This study seeks a convincing interpretation for the SAR imagery patterns. Bathymetric maps show that the sea floor area beneath the streaks is the northeast Hoyt Hills, where isolated seamounts with the heights of 20 to 140 m above the background sea floor are distributed. All the SAR imagery streaks originate from these seamounts and extend downstream. Thus the SAR imagery streaks are interpreted as surface roughness imprints of the seamount wakes. Hydrostatic flow dynamics of the generation of wakes on the lee side of a solid obstacle is used to explain the generation mechanism and internal structure of the seamount wakes. The analysis indicates that boundary conditions and hydrodynamic conditions are favorable for the generation and vertical propagation of the seamount wakes to the upper layer. Citation: Zheng, Q., B. Holt, X. Li, X. Liu, Q. Zhao, Y. Yuan, and X. Yang (2012), Deep-water seamount wakes on SEASAT SAR image in the Gulf Stream region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L16604, doi:10.1029/2012GL052661. C1 [Zheng, Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zheng, Quanan; Yuan, Yeli] SOA, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Holt, Benjamin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liu, Xinan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, Qing] E China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Geog Informat Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qing] E China Normal Univ, Joint Lab Environm Remote Sensing & Data Assimila, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Earth Observat & Digital Earth, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Zheng, QA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 2423 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM quanan@atmos.umd.edu RI ZHAO, Qing/K-8844-2014; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI ZHAO, Qing/0000-0003-3433-9435; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU US National Science Foundation [0962107]; Academician Foundation of China; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Program - Special for EXPO [10DZ0581600]; Shanghai Institute of Urban Ecology and Sustainability [SHUES2011A07] FX This work is partially supported by US National Science Foundation Award 0962107 and Academician Foundation of China. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. B. H. carried out this work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The bathymetric map is downloaded from www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/. This work is also supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Program - Special for EXPO under Grant No.10DZ0581600, and a grant (SHUES2011A07) from Shanghai Institute of Urban Ecology and Sustainability. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L16604 DI 10.1029/2012GL052661 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 991ZI UT WOS:000307742900002 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR AF Ravishankara, A. R. TI Water Vapor in the Lower Stratosphere SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROPOSPHERE C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM a.r.ravishankara@noaa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Dailey-Fisher, Debra/I-6725-2013 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 17 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6096 BP 809 EP 810 DI 10.1126/science.1227004 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 989BQ UT WOS:000307535600031 PM 22904003 ER PT J AU Wang, DB Fernandez-Martinez, A AF Wang, Dongbo Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro TI Order from Disorder SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORIENTED ATTACHMENT C1 [Wang, Dongbo] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro] Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Sci Terre, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. RP Wang, DB (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dongbo.wang@nist.gov; alex.fernandez-martinez@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr RI Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro/B-4042-2010 OI Fernandez-Martinez, Alejandro/0000-0001-5073-9629 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 67 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 17 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6096 BP 812 EP 813 DI 10.1126/science.1226048 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 989BQ UT WOS:000307535600033 PM 22904005 ER PT J AU Hickstein, DD Ranitovic, P Witte, S Tong, XM Huismans, Y Arpin, P Zhou, XB Keister, KE Hogle, CW Zhang, BS Ding, CY Johnsson, P Toshima, N Vrakking, MJJ Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Hickstein, Daniel D. Ranitovic, Predrag Witte, Stefan Tong, Xiao-Min Huismans, Ymkje Arpin, Paul Zhou, Xibin Keister, K. Ellen Hogle, Craig W. Zhang, Bosheng Ding, Chengyuan Johnsson, Per Toshima, N. Vrakking, Marc J. J. Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI Direct Visualization of Laser-Driven Electron Multiple Scattering and Tunneling Distance in Strong-Field Ionization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; HARMONIC CONVERSION; RARE-GASES; PHOTOIONIZATION; RESCATTERING; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; ATOMS AB Using a simple model of strong-field ionization of atoms that generalizes the well-known 3-step model from 1D to 3D, we show that the experimental photoelectron angular distributions resulting from laser ionization of xenon and argon display prominent structures that correspond to electrons that pass by their parent ion more than once before strongly scattering. The shape of these structures can be associated with the specific number of times the electron is driven past its parent ion in the laser field before scattering. Furthermore, a careful analysis of the cutoff energy of the structures allows us to experimentally measure the distance between the electron and ion at the moment of tunnel ionization. This work provides new physical insight into how atoms ionize in strong laser fields and has implications for further efforts to extract atomic and molecular dynamics from strong-field physics. C1 [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ranitovic, Predrag; Witte, Stefan; Arpin, Paul; Zhou, Xibin; Keister, K. Ellen; Hogle, Craig W.; Zhang, Bosheng; Ding, Chengyuan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ranitovic, Predrag; Witte, Stefan; Arpin, Paul; Zhou, Xibin; Keister, K. Ellen; Hogle, Craig W.; Zhang, Bosheng; Ding, Chengyuan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Ranitovic, Predrag; Witte, Stefan; Arpin, Paul; Zhou, Xibin; Keister, K. Ellen; Hogle, Craig W.; Zhang, Bosheng; Ding, Chengyuan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Witte, Stefan] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Lasers Life & Biophoton, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Tong, Xiao-Min; Toshima, N.] Univ Tsukuba, Div Mat Sci, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Huismans, Ymkje] FOM Inst AMOLF, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Johnsson, Per] Lund Univ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Vrakking, Marc J. J.] Max Born Inst, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Ranitovic, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM pranitovic@lbl.gov RI Zhang, Bosheng/F-6122-2016; Witte, Stefan/C-2009-2017; Johnsson, Per/A-5191-2010; Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Hickstein, Daniel/I-8532-2012; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Zhang, Bosheng/0000-0001-7027-833X; Witte, Stefan/0000-0002-1899-4395; Johnsson, Per/0000-0003-2135-0248; Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Hickstein, Daniel/0000-0003-1277-847X; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program); NSF [DGE 0707432]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Veni Grant) [680-47-402] FX The authors acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (AMOS program) and used facilities provided by the NSF Center for EUV Science and Technology. D. H. acknowledges support from the NSF under Grant No. DGE 0707432. S. W. acknowledges support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO Veni Grant No. 680-47-402). NR 30 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 9 U2 68 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 7 AR 073004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.073004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 991NW UT WOS:000307709400016 PM 23006367 ER PT J AU Curtis, JE Nanda, H Khodadadi, S Cicerone, M Lee, HJ McAuley, A Krueger, S AF Curtis, Joseph E. Nanda, Hirsh Khodadadi, Sheila Cicerone, Marcus Lee, Hyo Jin McAuley, Arnold Krueger, Susan TI Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Protein Crowding in Liquid and Solid Phases: Lysozyme in Aqueous Solution, Frozen Solution, and Carbohydrate Powders SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; DYNAMICS; FORMULATIONS; AGGREGATION; TECHNOLOGY; ENSEMBLE; CLUSTERS; STORAGE; ICE AB The structure, interactions, and interprotein configurations of the protein lysozyme were studied in a variety of phases. These properties have been studied under a variety of solution conditions before, during, and after freezing and after freeze-drying in the presence of glucose and trehalose. Contrast variation experiments have also been performed to determine which features of the scattering in the frozen solutions are from the protein and which are from the ice structure. Data from lysozyme at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 mg/mL in solution and water ice with NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.4 mol/L are fit to model small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) intensity functions consisting of an ellipsoidal form factor and either a screened-Coulomb or hard-sphere structure factor. Parameters such as protein volume fraction and long dimension are followed as a function of temperature and salt concentration. The SANS results are compared to real space models of concentrated lysozyme solutions at the same volume fractions obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. A cartoon representation of the frozen lysozyme solution in 0 mol/L NaCl is presented based on the SANS and Monte Carlo results, along with those obtained from other complementary methods. C1 [Curtis, Joseph E.; Nanda, Hirsh; Khodadadi, Sheila; Cicerone, Marcus; Krueger, Susan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Hyo Jin; McAuley, Arnold] Amgen Inc, Dept Analyt & Formulat Sci, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Curtis, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.curtis@nist.gov; susan.krueger@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Research Council FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. S. Khodadadi acknowledges funding from the National Research Council. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 16 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 32 BP 9653 EP 9667 DI 10.1021/jp304772d PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 988MG UT WOS:000307494500011 PM 22823457 ER PT J AU Cai, WJ Lengaigne, M Borlace, S Collins, M Cowan, T McPhaden, MJ Timmermann, A Power, S Brown, J Menkes, C Ngari, A Vincent, EM Widlansky, MJ AF Cai, Wenju Lengaigne, Matthieu Borlace, Simon Collins, Matthew Cowan, Tim McPhaden, Michael J. Timmermann, Axel Power, Scott Brown, Josephine Menkes, Christophe Ngari, Arona Vincent, Emmanuel M. Widlansky, Matthew J. TI More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OSCILLATION; OCEAN; ATMOSPHERE; MORTALITY; MODELS; TRENDS; FUTURE; SPCZ AB The South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) is the Southern Hemisphere's most expansive and persistent rain band, extending from the equatorial western Pacific Ocean southeastward towards French Polynesia(1,2). Owing to its strong rainfall gradient, a small displacement in the position of the SPCZ causes drastic changes to hydroclimatic conditions and the frequency of extreme weather events-such as droughts, floods and tropical cyclones-experienced by vulnerable island countries in the region(1-7). The SPCZ position varies from its climatological mean location with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), moving a few degrees northward during moderate El Nino events and southward during La Nina events(2,5,6). During strong El Nino events, however, the SPCZ undergoes an extreme swing-by up to ten degrees of latitude toward the Equator-and collapses to a more zonally oriented structure(5) with commensurately severe weather impacts(5,8-11). Understanding changes in the characteristics of the SPCZ in a changing climate is therefore of broad scientific and socioeconomic interest. Here we present climate modelling evidence for a near doubling in the occurrences of zonal SPCZ events between the periods 1891-1990 and 1991-2090 in response to greenhouse warming, even in the absence of a consensus on how ENSO will change(12-14). We estimate the increase in zonal SPCZ events from an aggregation of the climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 5 (CMIP3(15) and CMIP5) multi-model database that are able to simulate such events. The change is caused by a projected enhanced equatorial warming in the Pacific(16) and may lead to more frequent occurrences of extreme events across the Pacific island nations most affected by zonal SPCZ events. C1 [Cai, Wenju; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Cowan, Tim] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Lengaigne, Matthieu; Vincent, Emmanuel M.] UPMC, LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Collins, Matthew] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Collins, Matthew] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Power, Scott; Brown, Josephine] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Menkes, Christophe] Inst Rech Dev, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Ngari, Arona] Meteorol Serv, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Widlansky, Matthew J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM wenju.cai@csiro.au RI Vincent, Emmanuel/J-9855-2012; Cowan, Tim/A-5797-2013; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Lengaigne, Matthieu/K-4345-2013; Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; menkes, christophe/H-9085-2016; OI Vincent, Emmanuel/0000-0003-4529-5490; Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; menkes, christophe/0000-0002-1457-9696; Brown, Josephine/0000-0002-1100-7457; Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969 FU Australian Climate Change Science Program; CSIRO Office of Chief Executive Science Leader programme; Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program; Office of Science (BER) US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64469]; US National Science Foundation [1049219]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); NOAA; CSIRO; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); [3830] FX This work was supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program, CSIRO Office of Chief Executive Science Leader programme, and the Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program. A. T. and M.J.W. were supported by the Office of Science (BER) US Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-07ER64469, the US National Science Foundation under grant 1049219 and by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). M.J.M. was supported by NOAA and by CSIRO as a visiting scholar. M. L., C. M. and E. M. V. were supported by the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). This is PMEL contribution number 3830. NR 31 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 81 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 16 PY 2012 VL 488 IS 7411 BP 365 EP + DI 10.1038/nature11358 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 988OS UT WOS:000307501000039 PM 22895343 ER PT J AU Morzaria-Luna, HN Ainsworth, CH Kaplan, IC Levin, PS Fulton, EA AF Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini Ainsworth, Cameron H. Kaplan, Isaac C. Levin, Phillip S. Fulton, Elizabeth A. TI Exploring Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Conservation of the Vaquita Porpoise (Phocoena sinus) Using an Atlantis Ecosystem Model SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; MANAGEMENT; LONG; BIODIVERSITY; OBJECTIVES; CHALLENGES; MEGAFAUNA; ABUNDANCE; RESERVES AB Background: Minimizing fishery bycatch threats might involve trade-offs between maintaining viable populations and economic benefits. Understanding these trade-offs can help managers reconcile conflicting goals. An example is a set of bycatch reduction measures for the Critically Endangered vaquita porpoise (Phocoena sinus), in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico. The vaquita is an endemic species threatened with extinction by artisanal net bycatch within its limited range; in this area fisheries are the chief source of economic productivity. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyze trade-offs between conservation of the vaquita and fisheries, using an end-to-end Atlantis ecosystem model for the Northern Gulf of California. Atlantis is a spatially-explicit model intended as a strategic tool to test alternative management strategies. We simulated increasingly restrictive fisheries regulations contained in the vaquita conservation plan: implementing progressively larger spatial management areas that exclude gillnets, shrimp driftnets and introduce a fishing gear that has no vaquita bycatch. We found that only the most extensive spatial management scenarios recovered the vaquita population above the threshold necessary to downlist the species from Critically Endangered. The scenario that excludes existing net gear from the 2008 area of vaquita distribution led to moderate decrease in net present value (US$ 42 million) relative to the best-performing scenario and a two-fold increase in the abundance of adult vaquita over the course of 30 years. Conclusions/Significance: Extended spatial management resulted in the highest recovery of the vaquita population. The economic cost of proposed management actions was unequally divided between fishing fleets; the loss of value from finfish gillnet fisheries was never recovered. Our analysis shows that managers will have to confront difficult trade-offs between management scenarios for vaquita conservation. C1 [Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini; Ainsworth, Cameron H.] Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer Inc, Seattle, WA USA. [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Wealth Oceans Flag, Div Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Morzaria-Luna, HN (reprint author), Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer Inc, Seattle, WA USA. EM HemNalini.MorzariaLuna@noaa.gov RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008 OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX This project was funded by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 82 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e42917 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042917 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 993AG UT WOS:000307823600033 PM 22916180 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Flewelling, LJ Fire, SE Bowen-Stevens, SR Gaydos, JK Johnson, CK Landsberg, JH Leighfield, TA Mase-Guthrie, B Schwacke, L Van Dolah, FM Wang, ZH Rowles, TK AF Twiner, Michael J. Flewelling, Leanne J. Fire, Spencer E. Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina R. Gaydos, Joseph K. Johnson, Christine K. Landsberg, Jan H. Leighfield, Tod A. Mase-Guthrie, Blair Schwacke, Lori Van Dolah, Frances M. Wang, Zhihong Rowles, Teresa K. TI Comparative Analysis of Three Brevetoxin-Associated Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Mortality Events in the Florida Panhandle Region (USA) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; FORMERLY GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; SENSITIVE SODIUM-CHANNELS; DOMOIC ACID; KARENIA-BREVIS; RED-TIDE; SARASOTA BAY; COLLECTION CARDS AB In the Florida Panhandle region, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been highly susceptible to large-scale unusual mortality events (UMEs) that may have been the result of exposure to blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and its neurotoxin, brevetoxin (PbTx). Between 1999 and 2006, three bottlenose dolphin UMEs occurred in the Florida Panhandle region. The primary objective of this study was to determine if these mortality events were due to brevetoxicosis. Analysis of over 850 samples from 105 bottlenose dolphins and associated prey items were analyzed for algal toxins and have provided details on tissue distribution, pathways of trophic transfer, and spatial-temporal trends for each mortality event. In 1999/2000, 152 dolphins died following extensive K. brevis blooms and brevetoxin was detected in 52% of animals tested at concentrations up to 500 ng/g. In 2004, 105 bottlenose dolphins died in the absence of an identifiable K. brevis bloom; however, 100% of the tested animals were positive for brevetoxin at concentrations up to 29,126 ng/mL. Dolphin stomach contents frequently consisted of brevetoxin-contaminated menhaden. In addition, another potentially toxigenic algal species, Pseudo-nitzschia, was present and low levels of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) were detected in nearly all tested animals (89%). In 2005/2006, 90 bottlenose dolphins died that were initially coincident with high densities of K. brevis. Most (93%) of the tested animals were positive for brevetoxin at concentrations up to 2,724 ng/mL. No DA was detected in these animals despite the presence of an intense DA-producing Pseudo-nitzschia bloom. In contrast to the absence or very low levels of brevetoxins measured in live dolphins, and those stranding in the absence of a K. brevis bloom, these data, taken together with the absence of any other obvious pathology, provide strong evidence that brevetoxin was the causative agent involved in these bottlenose dolphin mortality events. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.; Fire, Spencer E.; Leighfield, Tod A.; Van Dolah, Frances M.; Wang, Zhihong] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Twiner, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Flewelling, Leanne J.; Landsberg, Jan H.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL USA. [Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina R.; Mase-Guthrie, Blair] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Gaydos, Joseph K.; Johnson, Christine K.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. EM mtwiner@umd.umich.edu RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014; OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X; Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Biotoxins Program; state of Florida; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Harmful Algal Bloom Event Response Fund FX This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Biotoxins Program, the state of Florida, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research Harmful Algal Bloom Event Response Fund (2004). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 84 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e42974 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042974 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 993AG UT WOS:000307823600036 PM 22916189 ER PT J AU Chen, ZY Yan, XH Jo, YH Jiang, LD Jiang, YW AF Chen, Zhaoyun Yan, Xiao-Hai Jo, Young-Heon Jiang, Lide Jiang, Yuwu TI A study of Benguela upwelling system using different upwelling indices derived from remotely sensed data SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Benguela; Upwelling index; SST; Ekman transport; Chlorophyll-a; Benguela Ninos ID VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY AB Two upwelling indices (UI) derived from remotely sensed data, which are related to offshore Ekman transport (UIW) and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (UISST), are evaluated to study the spatial and temporal variations of the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS). The comparisons present the advantages and disadvantages of using UISST and UIW to scale upwelling intensity using the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration as a referential upwelling enhanced relative biomass proxy. The causes for the discrepancies of temporal and spatial variations of UISST, UIW and Chl-a in the BUS area are also discussed. By examining the UISST, UIW and Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) at 27-28 degrees S, we find that the extension of the upwelling band is largely impacted by the anti-cyclonic eddy there. Furthermore, we discuss the Benguela Ninos in 2006, and estimate the contribution from the wind effects to the total upwelling intensity off Hondeklip and Cape Columbine based on these remote sensing results. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Zhaoyun; Jiang, Yuwu] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Yan, Xiao-Hai; Jo, Young-Heon] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Ctr Remote Sensing, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jiang, Lide] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Sci, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jiang, YW (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China. EM ywjiang@xmu.edu.cn RI jiang, Yuwu/B-8208-2012; HUANG, Shuiying/C-3117-2014; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 FU NASA Physical Oceanography Program; EPSCoR Program; NOAA Sea Grant; Natural Science Foundation of China [41076001]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2010121029] FX This study is partially supported by NASA Physical Oceanography and EPSCoR Programs and by NOAA Sea Grant, a grant (no. 41076001) from the Natural Science Foundation of China, a grant (no. 2010121029) from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The authors also thank NASA-JPL, NASA-DAAC and SSALTO/DUACS for the satellite data and NOAA-NODC for the WOA data. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 45 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.05.013 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007PB UT WOS:000308899500003 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Shin, HR AF Chang, You-Soon Shin, Hong-Ryeol TI Objective analysis of monthly temperature and salinity around the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) on a 0.1 degrees grid SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Objective analysis; Southwestern East Sea; Optimal interpolation; Potential vorticity constraint; Optimal length scale; High resolution climatology ID EAST/JAPAN SEA; CIRCULATION; OCEAN AB Objective analyzed climatological mean fields of temperature and salinity are calculated on a 0.1 degrees grid at standard levels in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea). This new climatology is based on individual profiles from the World Ocean Database 2009 and serial oceanographic observed data provided by Korea Ocean Data Center. We use an optimal interpolation method and employ a two step mapping technique to resolve both small- and large-scale climatological features. Potential vorticity constraint term is also included to consider the tendency of ocean currents following the bathymetry. From the scale sensitivity experiment using an independent observed data, we define optimal length scales for the new high resolution climatology in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea). The new climatology shows a significant improvement in many ways compared to existing 1 degrees and 0.25 degrees grid climatologies; World Ocean Atlas 2001, 2005, 2009 and Generalized Digital Environmental Model version 3. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, You-Soon] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chang, You-Soon] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shin, Hong-Ryeol] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Kong Ju 314701, Chungnam, South Korea. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM You-Soon.Chang@noaa.gov FU Korean agency for defense development FX We thank Dr. A. Rosati at GFDL for his comments on the earlier version of this manuscript. Suggestions made by two anonymous reviewers were very constructive in the revision of this paper. GDEM3 data are provided by the U.S. Navy as part of the Ocean Atmosphere Master Library (OAML). Authors acknowledge the international Argo program, NODC, and KODC for the rich publicly available database. This research was supported by a study on the abstraction and standard DB building of multi-resolution environment in time-space domain administrated by Korean agency for defense development. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 45 BP 54 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.06.001 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007PB UT WOS:000308899500006 ER PT J AU Booth, JAT McPhee-Shaw, EE Chua, P Kingsley, E Denny, M Phillips, R Bograd, SJ Zeidberg, LD Gilly, WF AF Booth, J. Ashley T. McPhee-Shaw, Erika E. Chua, Paul Kingsley, Eric Denny, Mark Phillips, Roger Bograd, Steven J. Zeidberg, Louis D. Gilly, William F. TI Natural intrusions of hypoxic, low pH water into nearshore marine environments on the California coast SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Oxygen; pH; Internal tides; Coastal ecosystems; Upwelling ID MONTEREY BAY; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; UPWELLING-DRIVEN; INNER SHELF; OXYGEN; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; ZONES; TIDES; ACID AB A decade-long time series recorded in Central California demonstrates that a shallow, near-shore environment (17 m depth) is regularly inundated with pulses of cold, hypoxic and low-pH water. During these episodes, oxygen can drop to physiologically stressful levels, and pH can reach values that potentially result in dissolution of calcium carbonate. Pulses of the greatest intensity arose at the onset of the spring upwelling season, and fluctuations were strongly semidiurnal and diurnal. Arrival of cold, hypoxic water on the inner shelf appears to be driven by tidal-frequency internal waves pushing deep, upwelled water into nearshore habitats. We found no relationship between the timing of low-oxygen events and the diel solar cycle. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that hypoxic water is advected shoreward from the deep, offshore environment where water masses experience a general decline of temperature, oxygen and pH with depth. Analysis of the durations of exposure to low oxygen concentrations establishes a framework for assessing the ecological relevance of these events, but physiological tolerance limits to such hypoxic events are not well documented for most near-shore organisms expected to be impacted. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Booth, J. Ashley T.; Denny, Mark; Gilly, William F.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [McPhee-Shaw, Erika E.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Chua, Paul] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kingsley, Eric; Phillips, Roger] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Zeidberg, Louis D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90094 USA. RP Booth, JAT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM abooth@atmos.ucla.edu FU Marine Life Observatory program of Hopkins Marine Station, California Sea Grant, Ocean Protection Council; US National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge L Breaker, J. Stewart, K. Coale, K. Johnson, and D. Staaf, and for valuable advice and discussions. We would like to thank B. Woodson, S. Monismith and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute for the use of their water monitoring data from their moorings. This research was supported by the Marine Life Observatory program of Hopkins Marine Station, California Sea Grant, Ocean Protection Council and the US National Science Foundation. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 45 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2012.06.009 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 007PB UT WOS:000308899500011 ER PT J AU Rim, D Wallace, L Nabinger, S Persily, A AF Rim, Donghyun Wallace, Lance Nabinger, Steven Persily, Andrew TI Reduction of exposure to ultrafine particles by kitchen exhaust hoods: The effects of exhaust flow rates, particle size, and burner position SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Occupant exposure; Ultrafine particles; Gas stove/oven; Kitchen exhaust hood; Particle reduction effectiveness ID PARTICULATE MATTER; COOKING ACTIVITIES; INDOOR SOURCES; EMISSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; APPLIANCES; MODE; LUNG; GAS AB Cooking stoves, both gas and electric, are one of the strongest and most common sources of ultrafine particles (UFP) in homes. UFP have been shown to be associated with adverse health effects such as DNA damage and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates the effectiveness of kitchen exhaust hoods in reducing indoor levels of UFP emitted from a gas stove and oven. Measurements in an unoccupied manufactured house monitored size-resolved UFP (2 nm to 100 nm) concentrations from the gas stove and oven while varying range hood flow rate and burner position. The air change rate in the building was measured continuously based on the decay of a tracer gas (sulfur hexafluoride, SF6). The results show that range hood flow rate and burner position (front vs. rear) can have strong effects on the reduction of indoor levels of UFP released from the stove and oven, subsequently reducing occupant exposure to UFP. Higher range hood flow rates are generally more effective for UFP reduction, though the reduction varies with particle diameter. The influence of the range hood exhaust is larger for the back burner than for the front burner. The number-weighted particle reductions for range hood flow rates varying between 100 m(3)/h and 680 m(3)/h range from 31% to 94% for the front burner, from 54% to 98% for the back burner, and from 39% to 96% for the oven. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rim, Donghyun; Wallace, Lance; Nabinger, Steven; Persily, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rim, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drim@nist.gov RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015; OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284; Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 432 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.015 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998WI UT WOS:000308270700039 PM 22750181 ER PT J AU Tanaka, M Jaruga, P Kupfer, PA Leumann, CJ Dizdaroglu, M Sonntag, WE Chock, PB AF Tanaka, Mikiei Jaruga, Pawel Kuepfer, Pascal A. Leumann, Christian J. Dizdaroglu, Miral Sonntag, William E. Chock, P. Boon TI RNA oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c leads to its depurination and cross-linking, which may facilitate cytochrome c release from mitochondria SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE RNA oxidation; Cytochrome c release; Cross-link; Abasic site; 8-Hydroxyguanosine; Free radicals ID MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; DNA-POLYMERASE BETA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MESSENGER-RNA; MAMMALIAN CHROMATIN; INTERMEMBRANE SPACE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABASIC SITES; EARLY EVENT AB Growing evidence indicates that RNA oxidation is correlated with a number of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and RNA oxidation has also been shown to induce dysfunction in protein synthesis. Here we study in vitro RNA oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c (cyt c)/H2O2 or by the Fe(II)/ascorbate/H2O2 system. Our results reveal that the products of RNA oxidation vary with the oxidant used. Guanosine residues are preferentially oxidized by cyt c/H2O2 relative to the Fe(II)/ascorbate/H2O2 system. GC/MS and LC/MS analyses demonstrated that the guanine base was not only oxidized but also depurinated to form an abasic sugar moiety. Results from gel electrophoresis and HPLC analyses show that RNA formed a crosslinked complex with cyt c in an H2O2 concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, when cyt c was associated with liposomes composed of cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine, and incubated with RNA and H2O2, it was found cross-linked with the oxidized RNA and dissociated from the liposome. Results of the quantitative analysis indicate that the release of the cyt c from the liposome is facilitated by the formation of an RNA-cyt c cross-linked complex. Thus, RNA oxidation may facilitate the release of cyt c from the mitochondrial membrane to induce apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Tanaka, Mikiei; Chock, P. Boon] NHLBI, Biochem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tanaka, Mikiei; Sonntag, William E.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Geriatr Med, Reynolds Oklahoma Ctr Aging, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuepfer, Pascal A.; Leumann, Christian J.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Chock, PB (reprint author), NHLBI, Biochem Lab, NIH, Bldg 3, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM mikiei.tanaka@usuhs.edu; bchock@nih.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015; OI Leumann, Christian/0000-0002-7996-7083 FU National Institutes of Health [AG11370, NS056218]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute FX The authors acknowledge the late Dr. Earl R. Stadtman, an eminent scientist and a distinguished mentor, for his initiation and support of this project. This research was supported, in whole, by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and NIH Grants AG11370 and NS056218. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 53 IS 4 BP 854 EP 862 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.044 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 994GY UT WOS:000307920100022 PM 22683603 ER PT J AU Doi, T Vecchi, GA Rosati, AJ Delworth, TL AF Doi, Takeshi Vecchi, Gabriel A. Rosati, Anthony J. Delworth, Thomas L. TI Biases in the Atlantic ITCZ in Seasonal-Interannual Variations for a Coarse- and a High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SST VARIABILITY; THERMAL DOMES; GUINEA DOME; SIMULATION; FEEDBACK AB Using two fully coupled ocean atmosphere models Climate-Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, and Climate Model version 2.5 (CM2.5), a new high-resolution climate model based on CM2.1 the characteristics and sources of SST and precipitation biases associated with the Atlantic ITCZ have been investigated. CM2.5 has an improved simulation of the annual mean and the annual cycle of the rainfall over the Sahel and northern South America, while CM2.1 shows excessive Sahel rainfall and lack of northern South America rainfall in boreal summer. This marked improvement in CM2.5 is due to not only high-resolved orography but also a significant reduction of biases in the seasonal meridional migration of the ITCZ. In particular, the seasonal northward migration of the ITCZ in boreal summer is coupled to the seasonal variation of SST and a subsurface doming of the thermocline in the northeastern tropical Atlantic, known as the Guinea Dome. Improvements in the ITCZ allow for better representation of the coupled processes that are important for an abrupt seasonally phase-locked decay of the interannual SST anomaly in the northern tropical Atlantic. Nevertheless, the differences between CM2.5 and CM2.1 were not sufficient to reduce the warm SST biases in the eastern equatorial region and Angola-Benguela area. The weak bias of southerly winds along the southwestern African coast associated with the excessive southward migration bias of the ITCZ may be a key to improve the warm SST biases there. C1 [Doi, Takeshi; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Rosati, Anthony J.; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Doi, Takeshi] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Doi, T (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM takeshi.doi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Doi, Takeshi/C-1989-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; NR 78 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 16 BP 5494 EP 5511 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00360.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992QD UT WOS:000307793900004 ER PT J AU Liu, HL Wang, CZ Lee, SK Enfield, D AF Liu, Hailong Wang, Chunzai Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David TI Atlantic Warm-Pool Variability in the IPCC AR4 CGCM Simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; 20TH-CENTURY CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; PART I; OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; OSCILLATION AB This study investigates Atlantic warm pool (AWP) variability in the twentieth century and preindustrial simulations of coupled GCMs submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). In the twentieth-century simulations, most coupled models show very weak AWP variability, represented by an AWP area index, because of the cold SST bias in the AWP. Among the IPCC models, a higher AWP SST index corresponds to increased net downward shortwave radiation and decreased low-level cloud fraction during the AWP peak season. This suggests that the cold SST bias in the AWP region is at least partly caused by an excessive amount of simulated low-level cloud, which blocks shortwave radiation from reaching the sea surface. AWP natural variability is examined in preindustrial simulations. Spectral analysis reveals that only multidecadal band variability of the AWP is significant in observations. All models successfully capture the multidecadal band, but they show that interannual and/or decadal variability is also significant. On the multidecadal time scale, the global SST difference pattern between large AWP years and small AWP years resembles the geographic pattern of the AMO for most coupled models. Observational analysis indicates that both positive ENSO phase and negative NAO phase in winter correspond to reduced trade winds in the AWP region. The westerly anomalies induced by positive ENSO and negative NAO lead to local heating and warm SST from March to May and February to April, respectively. This behavior as a known feature of anomalous AWP growth is well captured by only five models. C1 [Liu, Hailong; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] Univ Miami, CIMAS, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Liu, Hailong; Wang, Chunzai; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Liu, HL (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hailong.liu@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office and by grants from the National Science Foundation. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 16 BP 5612 EP 5628 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00376.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992QD UT WOS:000307793900012 ER PT J AU Courtois, J Hodges, JT AF Courtois, Jeremie Hodges, Joseph T. TI Coupled-cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a technique called coupled-cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CC-RDS) for controlling the finesse of an optical resonator. Applications include extending the sensitivity and dynamic range of a cavity-enhanced spectrometer as well as widening the useful spectral region of high-reflectivity mirrors. CC-RDS uses controlled feedback of the probe laser beam to a ring-down cavity, which leads to interference between the internally circulating light and that which is fed back through a cavity mirror port. Using a 74 cm long ring-down cavity and a feedback cavity with a finesse of 16, we demonstrate that this effect increases the decay time constant from 210 mu s to 280 mu s, corresponding to an increase of finesse from 2.7 x 10(5) to 3.6 x 10(5). Finally, we show that with the addition of a second feedback cavity, we observe ring-down times as long as similar to 0.5 ms, which is equivalent to (1 - R) approximate to 4.9 x 10(-6), where R is the effective mirror reflectivity. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Courtois, Jeremie; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 32 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3354 EP 3356 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 994TY UT WOS:000307956700021 PM 23381255 ER PT J AU Weller, L Kleinbach, KS Zentile, MA Knappe, S Hughes, IG Adams, CS AF Weller, L. Kleinbach, K. S. Zentile, M. A. Knappe, S. Hughes, I. G. Adams, C. S. TI Optical isolator using an atomic vapor in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT; PROBE; CELLS AB A light, compact optical isolator using an atomic vapor in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is presented. Absolute transmission spectra for experiment and theory through an isotopically pure Rb-87 vapor cell show excellent agreement for fields of 0.6 T. We show pi/4 rotation for a linearly polarized beam in the vicinity of the D-2 line and achieve an isolation of 30 dB with a transmission >95%. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Weller, L.; Kleinbach, K. S.; Zentile, M. A.; Hughes, I. G.; Adams, C. S.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Knappe, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weller, L (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Rochester Bldg,South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM lee.weller@durham.ac.uk RI Weller, Lee/L-8807-2013; Hughes, Ifan/B-8261-2009; Adams, Charles/C-8808-2015; Weller, Lee/B-2073-2016; OI Hughes, Ifan/0000-0001-6322-6435; Adams, Charles/0000-0001-5602-2741; Weller, Lee/0000-0002-2022-7259; Kleinbach, Kathrin S./0000-0002-3957-0225 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX This work is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). We thank James Keaveney for the design of the cell heater. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 16 BP 3405 EP 3407 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 994TY UT WOS:000307956700038 PM 23381272 ER PT J AU Moore, TC Mayer, LA Lyle, M AF Moore, Ted C., Jr. Mayer, Larry A. Lyle, Mitchell TI Sediment mixing in the tropical Pacific and radiolarian stratigraphy SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal circulation; radiolarian stratigraphy; seafloor erosion; sediment mixing ID DEEP-SEA CARBONATES; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BIOGENIC SILICA; DISSOLUTION; CHERT; OCEAN AB The reworking of older radiolarian microfossils into near-surface sediments of the tropical Pacific has long been the source of confusion for the development of radiolarian stratigraphy and of puzzlement over the mechanism(s) that could effect such pervasive reworking. Widespread dissolution "pits" in the sediments of the tropical Pacific are believed to be associated with hydrothermal circulation cells in the older oceanic crust and are here linked to processes which expose older sections and inject older non-carbonate material into near-bottom waters. Discharging waters of these circulation cells tend to dissolve carbonate in near-surface sediments; thus, only the non-carbonate material (including radiolarians) is preserved and reworked into younger sediments. Results from the study of two sites in the tropical Pacific indicate that reworked older, stratigraphically important radiolarians are less than 2% of the total radiolarian assemblage. This constitutes a minimum estimate of the amount of reworked, non-carbonate material in the younger sediments. The oldest reworked radiolarians are no more than 10 m.y. younger than the underlying basement, and radiolarians from the entire older section above that level can be found in the reworked material. A time series of the flux of reworked material at one site is not constant but instead has varied by a factor of 3 to 4 over the past 2.5 m.y. During times when the flux of reworked material is particularly low, the proportion of older, more robust radiolarians is larger. C1 [Moore, Ted C., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mayer, Larry A.] Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mayer, Larry A.] Univ New Hampshire, NOAA, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lyle, Mitchell] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Moore, TC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 2334 CC Little Bldg,1100 N Univ Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tedmoore@umich.edu RI Moore, Theodore/N-8848-2014 OI Moore, Theodore/0000-0003-4121-1325 FU Consortium for Ocean Leadership FX Our understanding of marine stratigraphy and deep sea sedimentary processes owes much to the pioneering work of W. R. Riedel, who would not accept the early dogma concerning radiolarian stratigraphy, and of F.N. Spiess, who strove to define the true morphology of the mysterious deep seafloor. Joanne Reuss provided invaluable lab assistance in preparing the samples used in this study. This work was financially supported, in part, by a contract with the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q08006 DI 10.1029/2012GC004198 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 991XQ UT WOS:000307737500001 ER PT J AU Sowards, JW McCowan, CN Drexler, ES AF Sowards, Jeffrey W. McCowan, Chris N. Drexler, Elizabeth S. TI Interpretation and significance of reverse chevron-shaped markings on fracture surfaces of API X100 pipeline steels SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Banding; Chevron; CTOA; Dynamic loading; Fracture; Pipeline steel; Pop-in; Quasistatic loading; X100 ID TOUGHNESS; PRESTRAIN AB Fracture surfaces of X100 pipeline steels were examined with optical and electron microscopy after crack tip opening angle fracture testing. Some fracture surfaces exhibited chevron-shaped fracture patterns that are markedly different from classic chevron fracture. The chevron-shaped markings on the X100 fracture surfaces point in the direction of crack growth, rather than towards the location of fracture initiation, as observed in classic cases of chevron fracture. Existing models, predicting formation of chevron fracture patterns, do not explain the fracture behavior observed for X100 steel. A mechanism is proposed where reverse chevron-shaped patterns are developed due to the shape of the crack front itself. The chevron shape forms as a result of crack tunneling, and the overall pattern is developed on the fracture surface due to intermittent crack growth, resulting in alternating regions (bands) of fast fracture and slower, more ductile fracture. The contrast between these bands of alternating fracture defines the chevron. Care should be taken during interpretation of intermittent chevron markings on fractures of ductile materials, as they may point away from rather than towards the origin of fracture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sowards, Jeffrey W.; McCowan, Chris N.; Drexler, Elizabeth S.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sowards, JW (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov RI Sowards, Jeffrey/D-3521-2012 OI Sowards, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0629-4938 FU National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The authors wish to thank J.R. Fekete and M.D. Richards for critical reviews of this manuscript. Work performed by J.W. Sowards was supported by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 551 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.04.108 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 979MS UT WOS:000306824700022 ER PT J AU Boekelheide, Z Stewart, DA Hellman, F AF Boekelheide, Z. Stewart, D. A. Hellman, F. TI Chemical ordering in Cr3Al and relation to semiconducting behavior SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-WAVE ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; CR-AL ALLOYS; FE/CR(001) SUPERLATTICES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; HEUSLER ALLOYS; TRANSITION; CHROMIUM AB Cr3Al shows semiconductor-like behavior which has been attributed to a combination of antiferromagnetism and chemical ordering of the Cr and Al atoms on the bcc sublattice. This article presents a detailed theoretical and experimental study of the chemical ordering in Cr3Al. Using density functional theory within the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) formalism, we consider five possible structures with the Cr3Al stoichiometry: a bcc solid solution, two-phase C11(b) Cr2Al + Cr, off-stoichiometric C11(b) Cr3Al, D0(3) Cr3Al, and X-phase Cr3Al. The calculations show that the chemically ordered, rhombohedrally distorted X-phase structure has the lowest energy of those considered and should, therefore, be the ground state found in nature, while the D0(3) structure has the highest energy and should not occur. While KKR calculations of the X phase indicate a pseudogap in the density of states, additional calculations using a full potential linear muffin-tin orbital approach and a plane-wave technique show a narrow band gap. Experimentally, thin films of Cr1-xAlx were grown and the concentration, growth temperature, and substrate were varied systematically. The peak resistivity (2400 mu Omega-cm) is found for films with x = 0.25, grown epitaxially on a 300 degrees C MgO substrate. At this x, a transition between nonmetallic and metallic behavior occurs at a growth temperature of about 400 degrees C, which is accompanied by a change in chemical ordering from X phase to C11(b) Cr3Al. These results clarify the range of possible structures for Cr3Al and the relationship between chemical ordering and electronic transport behavior. C1 [Boekelheide, Z.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boekelheide, Z.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stewart, D. A.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanoscale Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Boekelheide, Z (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zboekelheide@berkeley.edu RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Stewart, Derek/B-6115-2008; OI Stewart, Derek/0000-0001-7355-2605 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Calculations were done at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, part of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), funded by the NSF. The authors would like to thank H. Akai for advice and insight on the AKAIKKR calculations, Mark van Schilfgaarde for advice on the FP-LMTO calculations, and Cyrille Barreteau for providing the ultrasoft Cr pseudopotential used in this work. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 8 AR 085120 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.085120 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 988QM UT WOS:000307505600004 ER PT J AU Kunches, J Viereck, R AF Kunches, Joe Viereck, Rodney TI NOAA Improves Space Weather Watch Products SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 [Kunches, Joe; Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Space Weather Predict Testbed, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Kunches, J (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Space Weather Predict Testbed, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM joseph.kunches@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S08007 DI 10.1029/2012SW000838 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 991ZC UT WOS:000307742100002 ER PT J AU Croxton, AN Wikfors, GH Schulterbrandt-Gragg, RD AF Croxton, April N. Wikfors, Gary H. Schulterbrandt-Gragg, Richard D. TI Immunomodulation in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, exposed to a PAH-contaminated, microphytobenthic diatom SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Persistent organic pollutants; Trophic transfer; Immune defense functions; Immunomodulation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; WATER MARINE HABITATS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; ALGAL DIET; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; ECOLOGICAL ROLE; PENSACOLA BAY; SECRET GARDEN; PCB UPTAKE AB The trophic transfer of sediment-associated pollutants is a growing concern in shellfish harvesting areas. Previous studies have examined the role of phytoplankton in the transport of organic contaminants to bivalve species, but little information on microphytobenthic communities and their role as contaminant vectors exists. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds formed during natural and industrial processes; they are termed "persistent organic pollutants" because they are only slowly degraded by natural processes. This study examined the transfer of PAH compounds (naphthalene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene) by a microphytobenthic diatom to the eastern oyster, a commercially important shellfish species, to determine if dietary accumulation is a route of contaminant exposure capable of inducing physiological responses. PAH compounds were adsorbed to a diatom culture (Nitzschia brevirostris) in a range of concentrations (5, 125, 625, and 1000 mu g L-1), and eastern oysters were exposed experimentally to the contaminated diatom cultures to assess possible effects upon oyster hemocytes and selected immune-defense functions. A preliminary experiment was designed to identify individual effects of several PAH compounds (naphthalene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene) on hemocyte viability and phagocytic activity. Results from this experiment revealed that the most-toxic compound, benzo(a)pyrene, at the highest concentration, stimulated an increase in agranular hemocyte counts. A follow-up study examined the effects of benzo(a)pyrene on hemocyte viability, adhesion, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These studies showed the ability of this benthic diatom to transport PAHs to the eastern oyster and to cause immunomodulation. Hemocyte responses to dietary PAH exposure included an increase in circulating hemocytes and increased production of reactive oxygen species by these cells. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Croxton, April N.; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Croxton, April N.; Schulterbrandt-Gragg, Richard D.] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Croxton, AN (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM april.croxton@noaa.gov FU Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford Laboratory FX This work was performed under appointment to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Education Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions, Graduate Science Programs. Additional funding was provided by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Jennifer Alix, Mark Dixon, and Barry Smith for their technical assistance. Review of manuscript drafts by Natasha Henry, LaToya Myles, and Michael Erwin were also greatly appreciated. In addition, the authors would like to thank Julie Rose for her assistance with the statistical analyses. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 118 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.023 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 956PU UT WOS:000305102400003 PM 22504373 ER PT J AU Wilson, TB Meyers, TP Kochendorfer, J Anderson, MC Heuer, M AF Wilson, T. B. Meyers, T. P. Kochendorfer, J. Anderson, M. C. Heuer, M. TI The effect of soil surface litter residue on energy and carbon fluxes in a deciduous forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Residues; LAI; Soil-vegetation-atmosphere system; Energy budget and carbon fluxes ID INTEGRATED BIOSPHERE SIMULATOR; TURBULENT EXCHANGE PROCESSES; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CHOPPED CORN RESIDUE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PLANT CANOPIES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; EDDY-COVARIANCE AB The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Surface Energy (ALEX) balance model is an analytical formulation of the energy and mass transport within the soil and the vegetation canopy used for simulating energy, evapotranspiration, and CO2 fluxes in a wide range of vegetation environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of ALEX to simulate the effect of soil-surface leaf litter residue on soil heat conduction (G), sensible heat (H), evapotranspiration (ET) (or latent heat (LE) when expressed as rate of energy loss) and CO2 fluxes in a deciduous forest. The model was evaluated in a deciduous forest in Oak Ridge, Tennessee where about 550 g m(-2) of dry weight of slow decomposing leaf litter is produced annually during the fall season. Incorporating an explicit formulation of water and energy exchanges within the residue layer in ALEX improved the performance of the model against eddy covariance and G measurements. The discrepancies between model simulations made with and without leaf litter residue were largest during the spring and fall, when soil contributions dominated the energy budget of the forest. During these periods, particularly during the spring, without the inclusion of the residue layer the model overpredicted LE, G, soil temperature and soil moisture, and underpredicted H. The model showed no differences in simulating above-canopy net radiation (RN), with a slight difference in the above-canopy CO2 flux. The largest model improvement for residue effects was in the simulation of G, with the slope of the regression line between predicted and measured values reduced from 2.28 for the model without residue effects to 1.07 when the residue effect was considered. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wilson, T. B.; Meyers, T. P.; Kochendorfer, J.; Heuer, M.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Anderson, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wilson, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tim.wilson@noaa.gov RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323 FU NOAA OAR/ARL FX This work was funded by the NOAA OAR/ARL Climate Research Program. NR 78 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 15 PY 2012 VL 161 BP 134 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.03.013 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953CH UT WOS:000304844000013 ER PT J AU Wu, B Chen, WR Egami, T Li, X Liu, Y Wang, YM Do, C Porcar, L Hong, KL Liu, L Smith, GS Smith, SC AF Wu, Bin Chen, Wei-Ren Egami, Takeshi Li, Xin Liu, Yun Wang, Yongmei Do, Changwoo Porcar, Lionel Hong, Kunlun Liu, Li Smith, Gregory S. Smith, Sean C. TI Molecular dynamics and neutron scattering study of the dependence of polyelectrolyte dendrimer conformation on counterion behavior SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; GENERATION AB Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and contrast variation small angle neutron scattering (SANS) have been combined to investigate the Generation-5 polyelectrolyte polyamidoamine starburst dendrimer. This work reveals the dendrimer conformational dependence on counterion association at different levels of molecular charge. The accuracy of the simulations is verified through satisfactory comparison between modeled results, such as excess intra-dendrimer scattering length density distribution and hydration level, and their experimental counterparts. While the counterion distributions are not directly measureable with SANS, the spatial distribution of the counterions and their dendrimer association are extracted from the validated MD equilibrium trajectories. It is found that the conformation of the charged dendrimer is strongly dependent on the counterion association. Sensitivity of the distribution of counterions around charged amines to the counterion valency is qualitatively explained by adopting Langmuir adsorption theory. Moreover, via extending the concept of electrical double layer for compact charged colloids, we define an effective radius of a charged dendrimer including the spatial distribution of counterions in its vicinity. Within the same framework, the correlation between the strength of intra-dendrimer electrostatic repulsion and the counterion valency and dynamics is also addressed. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742190] C1 [Wu, Bin; Chen, Wei-Ren; Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Hong, Kunlun; Smith, Sean C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Chen, Wei-Ren; Egami, Takeshi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Bin; Liu, Li] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Xin] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Yongmei] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov; smithsc@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Wang, Yongmei/B-7071-2008; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011; Smith, Sean/H-5003-2015; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417; Smith, Sean/0000-0002-5679-8205; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The research carried out at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We greatly appreciate the SANS beam time from SNS, ORNL, and ILL, France. The computational support from the ORNL Institutional Cluster (OIC) is also acknowledged. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 6 AR 064902 DI 10.1063/1.4742190 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 995XN UT WOS:000308048700058 PM 22897306 ER PT J AU Lewis, C Migita, M Hashimoto, H Collins, AG AF Lewis, Cheryl Migita, Masao Hashimoto, Hiroshi Collins, Allen G. TI On the occurrence of freshwater jellyfish in Japan 1928-2011: eighty-three years of records of mamizu kurage (Limnomedusae, Olindiidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Astrohydra japonica; Cnidaria; Craspedacusta sowerbii; Craspedacusta iseana; distribution; Limnomedusae; polyps; taxonomy ID CRASPEDACUSTA-SOWERBII LANKESTER; ASTROHYDRA-JAPONICA; CNIDARIA HYDROZOA; MEDUSAE AB In Japan three freshwater Limnomedusae have been reported: Craspedacusta sowerbii, C. iseana, and Astrohydra japonica. The latter two species, though known only from Japan, have not been reported in ninety and thirty years, respectively. The type material for C. iseana is lost, and the only known specimens of A. japonica have recently been deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Craspedacusta sowerbii, on the other hand, is a cosmopolitan species found throughout the archipelago of Japan. Reports of C. sowerbii in China, Europe, and North America are commonplace in international publications, but particulars about the occurrence of this freshwater jellyfish, known as mamizu kurage in Japan, were previously not well understood by the international scientific community due to a lack of related English-language publications. The aim of this paper is to provide naturalists and citizen scientists in Japan with a means to both locate and identify mamizu kurage in all nine geographical regions of Japan. Here we provide an extensive history of the occurrence of mamizu kurage in Japan from the time of its first sighting in 1928 until 2011, while also providing personal observations on populations of C. sowerhii in Okinawa, Shiga, and Shizuoka Prefectures. The distribution list and map herein represent the most extensive compilation of data on the 217 reports of mamizu kurage in Japan, and should serve as the basis for future molecular genetics studies on its phylogeography to determine if all accounts correspond to a single species called C. sowerbii. C1 [Lewis, Cheryl; Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Lewis, Cheryl] Univ Maryland, Biol Sci Grad Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Migita, Masao] Shiga Univ Med Sci, Fac Educ, Otsu, Shiga 5200862, Japan. RP Lewis, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Fisheries Serv,Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM amesc@si.edu OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 FU Japanese Government Monbukagakusho Scholarship FX We thank Profs. K. Tachihara and M. Yamaguchi (University of the Ryukyus) for facilitating the acquisition of the live jellyfish used in this study. We are indebted to Dr. R. Wilson and Dr. B. Bentlage for their extensive advice on an earlier version of the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge G. Sasaki, K. Tateishi, M. Kobayashi, and Ms Ozawa (Hekinan Seaside Aquarium), Dr. T. Moriyama (Shinshu University), and Prof. K. Furuhashi (Shiga University) for their assistance. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers that provided valuable advice on the manuscript. Finally, this paper would not have come together without the help of the library staff at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in finding rare articles on this freshwater jellyfish. Part of this research was made possible by funding through a Japanese Government Monbukagakusho Scholarship. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 125 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 993NS UT WOS:000307867000006 ER PT J AU Hill, S Ming, Y AF Hill, Spencer Ming, Yi TI Nonlinear climate response to regional brightening of tropical marine stratocumulus SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL MARITIME CLOUDS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; AEROSOLS; ALBEDO; PARAMETERIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; POLLUTION; AMAZON AB To counteract global warming, there have been suggestions to increase the albedo of low-level marine clouds through the aerosol indirect effects by injecting them with sea salt. However, the full climate response to this geoengineering scheme is currently poorly understood. We simulate cloud seeding in a coupled mixed-layer ocean-atmosphere general circulation model in order to identify the specific physical mechanisms through which seeding could perturb the climate system's radiative balance, and cause temperature and precipitation changes. Seeding stratocumulus decks over three tropical maritime regions in the North Pacific, South Pacific and South Atlantic produces strong local reductions in solar absorption. Over half of the radiative cooling is due to direct scattering of solar radiation by the added sea salt aerosols, while the rest comes from enhancement of the local cloud albedo. The oceanic cooling due to the seeding over the southeastern equatorial Pacific induces a La Nina-like response, with tropical precipitation changes resembling La Nina anomalies and teleconnections occurring in the mid-latitude North Pacific and North America. Additionally, model runs in which only one of the three regions is seeded indicate nonlinearity in the climate response. We identify dynamical and thermodynamical constraints respectively on the temperature and hydrological cycle responses to cloud seeding, but the full response to such geoengineering remains poorly constrained. Citation: Hill, S., and Y. Ming (2012), Nonlinear climate response to regional brightening of tropical marine stratocumulus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15707, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052064. C1 [Hill, Spencer] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hill, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM spencerh@princeton.edu RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Hill, Spencer/D-4445-2014 OI Hill, Spencer/0000-0001-8672-0671 FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program FX We thank Tim Merlis, Caroline Muller, and two anonymous reviewers for their thorough reviews of earlier drafts. S. H. was partly supported by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15707 DI 10.1029/2012GL052064 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 991YZ UT WOS:000307741700001 ER PT J AU Takahashi, H Luo, ZZ AF Takahashi, Hanii Luo, Zhengzhao TI Where is the level of neutral buoyancy for deep convection? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; RADAR AB This study revisits an old concept in meteorology - level of neutral buoyancy (LNB). The classic definition of LNB is derived from the parcel theory and can be estimated from the ambient sounding (LNB_sounding) without having to observe any actual convective cloud development. In reality, however, convection interacts with the environment in complicated ways; it will eventually manage to find its own effective LNB and manifests it through detraining masses and developing anvils (LNB_observation). This study conducts a near-global survey of LNB_observation for tropical deep convection using CloudSat data and makes comparison with the corresponding LNB_sounding. The principal findings are as follows: First, although LNB_sounding provides a reasonable upper bound for convective development, correlation between LNB_sounding and LNB_observation is low suggesting that ambient sounding contains limited information for accurately predicting the actual LNB. Second, maximum mass outflow is located more than 3 km lower than LNB_sounding. Hence, from convective transport perspective, LNB_sounding is a significant overestimate of the "destination" height level of the detrained mass. Third, LNB_observation is consistently higher over land than over ocean, although LNB_sounding is similar between land and ocean. This difference is likely related to the contrasts in convective strength and environment between land and ocean. Finally, we estimate the bulk entrainment rates associated with the observed deep convection, which can serve as an observational basis for adjusting GCM cumulus parameterization. Citation: Takahashi, H., and Z. Luo (2012), Where is the level of neutral buoyancy for deep convection?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15809, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052638. C1 [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Takahashi, Hanii] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Program Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Luo, ZZ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM luo@sci.ccny.cuny.edu FU NASA [NNX10AM31G, NNX12AC13G] FX The study was supported by two NASA grants awarded to CUNY: NNX10AM31G and NNX12AC13G. The authors would like to thank William Rossow, Susan van den Heever and Ed Zipser for insightful discussions. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15809 DI 10.1029/2012GL052638 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 991YZ UT WOS:000307741700005 ER PT J AU Beck, V Chen, HL Gerbig, C Bergamaschi, P Bruhwiler, L Houweling, S Rockmann, T Kolle, O Steinbach, J Koch, T Sapart, CJ van der Veen, C Frankenberg, C Andreae, MO Artaxo, P Longo, KM Wofsy, SC AF Beck, Veronika Chen, Huilin Gerbig, Christoph Bergamaschi, Peter Bruhwiler, Lori Houweling, Sander Rockmann, Thomas Kolle, Olaf Steinbach, Julia Koch, Thomas Sapart, Celia J. van der Veen, Carina Frankenberg, Christian Andreae, Meinrat O. Artaxo, Paulo Longo, Karla M. Wofsy, Steven C. TI Methane airborne measurements and comparison to global models during BARCA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AMAZON RIVER FLOODPLAIN; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; TROPICAL FOREST; FIRE EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERE; CARBON; PLANTS; GASES; SCALE; FLUX AB Tropical regions, especially the Amazon region, account for large emissions of methane (CH4). Here, we present CH4 observations from two airborne campaigns conducted within the BARCA (Balanco Atmosferico Regional de Carbono na Amazonia) project in the Amazon basin in November 2008 (end of the dry season) and May 2009 (end of the wet season). We performed continuous measurements of CH4 onboard an aircraft for the first time in the Amazon region, covering the whole Amazon basin with over 150 vertical profiles between altitudes of 500 m and 4000 m. The observations support the finding of previous ground-based, airborne, and satellite measurements that the Amazon basin is a large source of atmospheric CH4. Isotope analysis verified that the majority of emissions can be attributed to CH4 emissions from wetlands, while urban CH4 emissions could be also traced back to biogenic origin. A comparison of five TM5 based global CH4 inversions with the observations clearly indicates that the inversions using SCIAMACHY observations represent the BARCA observations best. The calculated CH4 flux estimate obtained from the mismatch between observations and TM5-modeled CH4 fields ranges from 36 to 43 mg m(-2) d(-1) for the Amazon lowland region. C1 [Beck, Veronika; Chen, Huilin; Gerbig, Christoph; Kolle, Olaf; Steinbach, Julia; Koch, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, DE-07745 Jena, Germany. [Bergamaschi, Peter] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Bruhwiler, Lori] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Houweling, Sander; Rockmann, Thomas; Sapart, Celia J.; van der Veen, Carina] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander; Frankenberg, Christian] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Andreae, Meinrat O.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biochem, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Artaxo, Paulo] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Appl Phys, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Longo, Karla M.] Natl Inst Space Res, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Beck, V (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Hans Knoll Str 10, DE-07745 Jena, Germany. EM vbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; Andreae, Meinrat/B-1068-2008; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; Andreae, Meinrat/0000-0003-1968-7925; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Sapart, Celia Julia/0000-0003-0745-4825 FU Max Planck Society; NASA [NASA NNX08AP68A, NASA NNX10AR75G]; CNPq Millennium Institute of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia; FAPESP; INPA (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia) FX We are very thankful to all the other BARCA team members, namely E. Gottlieb, V. Y. Chow, M. D. P. Longo, G. W. Santoni, K. T. Wiedemann, F. Morais, A. C. Ribeiro, N. Jurgens, M. Bela, L. V. Gatti, J. B. Miller, and the two pilots of the INPE Bandeirante airplane, P. Celso and D. Gramacho. We thank E. J. Dlugokencky for permission to use unpublished SF6 and CH4 data from the NOAA ESRL stations. We also would like to thank Armin Jordan, who did the flask measurements, and Stephan Baum, who also took care of the flasks, and Silvana Schott for assistance with graphics. We thank two anonymous reviewers for improvements on the manuscript. This work was supported by the Max Planck Society. Funding for the BARCA flights was provided by Max Planck Society, NASA through the grants NASA NNX08AP68A and NASA NNX10AR75G, the CNPq Millennium Institute of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and FAPESP. We thank INPA (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia) for the support for the LBA central office. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D15310 DI 10.1029/2011JD017345 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 992CK UT WOS:000307752900002 ER PT J AU Powell, MD Cocke, S AF Powell, Mark D. Cocke, Steven TI Hurricane wind fields needed to assess risk to offshore wind farms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cocke, Steven] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Powell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mark.powell@noaa.gov RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 14 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 33 BP E2192 EP E2192 DI 10.1073/pnas.1206189109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 992VC UT WOS:000307807000001 PM 22829670 ER PT J AU Pelc, JS Kuo, PS Slattery, O Ma, LJ Tang, X Fejer, MM AF Pelc, J. S. Kuo, Paulina S. Slattery, Oliver Ma, Lijun Tang, Xiao Fejer, M. M. TI Dual-channel, single-photon upconversion detector at 1.3 mu m SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; 1550 NM; WAVELENGTH; TRANSDUCTION; EFFICIENCY; CONVERTER AB We demonstrate a two-channel, upconversion detector for counting 1300-nm-wavelength photons. By using two pumps near 1550 nm, photons near 1300 nm are converted to two spectrally distinct channels near 710 nm using sum-frequency generation (SFG) in a periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide. We used spectral-conversion engineering to design the phase-modulated PPLN waveguide for simultaneous quasi-phasematching of two SFG processes. The two channels exhibit 31% and 25% full-system photon detection efficiency, and very low dark count rates (650 and 550 counts per second at a peak external conversion efficiency of 70%) through filtering using a volume Bragg grating. We investigate applications of the dual-channel upconversion detector as a frequency-shifting beamsplitter, and as a time-to-frequency converter to enable higher-data-rate quantum communications. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Pelc, J. S.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pelc, JS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jpelc@stanford.edu; paulina.kuo@nist.gov RI Pelc, Jason/F-3258-2012 FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0110]; Crystal Technology, Inc FX The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. JSP and MMF acknowledge support from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-12-1-0110, and from Crystal Technology, Inc. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 13 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 17 BP 19075 EP 19087 DI 10.1364/OE.20.019075 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 993QC UT WOS:000307873600058 PM 23038548 ER PT J AU Singh, DK Thamizhavel, A Lynn, JW Dhar, SK Hermann, T AF Singh, D. K. Thamizhavel, A. Lynn, J. W. Dhar, S. K. Hermann, T. TI Multiple magnetic structures of correlated Ce ions in intermetallic CeAu2Ge2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ELECTRON MATERIALS; HEAVY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; CECU2GE2; METALS AB Neutron diffraction measurements on a high quality single crystal of CeAu2Ge2 reveal two magnetic structures that coexist with commensurate long-range antiferromagnetic order below the Neel temperature T-N similar or equal to 14 K. The magnetic structures, which exhibit distinct temperature and field dependencies, are described by both commensurate and incommensurate magnetic structures and introduce a new region in the H-T phase diagram. These experimental observations provide important information for developing a universal understanding of the magnetic properties of this class of Ce-based CeX2M2 (X = Cu, Ag, Au; M = Ge, Si) compounds, which are prototypes for exploring quantum phase transitions, and their interplay with unconventional superconductivity. C1 [Singh, D. K.; Lynn, J. W.; Hermann, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thamizhavel, A.; Dhar, S. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/A-1801-2011 OI Thamizhavel, Arumugam/0000-0003-1679-4370 FU NSF [DMR-0944772] FX This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 13 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 060405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.060405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 987TU UT WOS:000307441400001 ER PT J AU Hooghiemstra, PB Krol, MC van Leeuwen, TT van der Werf, GR Novelli, PC Deeter, MN Aben, I Rockmann, T AF Hooghiemstra, P. B. Krol, M. C. van Leeuwen, T. T. van der Werf, G. R. Novelli, P. C. Deeter, M. N. Aben, I. Rockmann, T. TI Interannual variability of carbon monoxide emission estimates over South America from 2006 to 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO EMISSIONS; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; FIRE EMISSIONS; MODEL TM5; MOPITT; INVERSION AB We present the first inverse modeling study to estimate CO emissions constrained by both surface and satellite observations. Our 4D-Var system assimilates National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) Global Monitoring Division (GMD) surface and Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite observations jointly by fitting a bias correction scheme. This approach leads to the identification of a positive bias of maximum 5 ppb in MOPITT column-averaged CO mixing ratios in the remote Southern Hemisphere (SH). The 4D-Var system is used to estimate CO emissions over South America in the period 2006-2010 and to analyze the interannual variability (IAV) of these emissions. We infer robust, high spatial resolution CO emission estimates that show slightly smaller IAV due to fires compared to the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED3) prior emissions. South American dry season (August and September) biomass burning emission estimates amount to 60, 92, 42, 16 and 93 Tg CO/yr for 2006 to 2010, respectively. Moreover, CO emissions probably associated with pre-harvest burning of sugar cane plantations in Sao Paulo state are underestimated in current inventories by 50-100%. We conclude that climatic conditions (such as the widespread drought in 2010) seem the most likely cause for the IAV in biomass burning CO emissions. However, socio-economic factors (such as the growing global demand for soy, beef and sugar cane ethanol) and associated deforestation fires, are also likely as drivers for the IAV of CO emissions, but are difficult to link directly to CO emissions. C1 [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Hooghiemstra, P. B.; Krol, M. C.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M. C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [van Leeuwen, T. T.; van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Novelli, P. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Deeter, M. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Hooghiemstra, PB (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Princetonpl 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. EM p.b.hooghiemstra@gmail.com RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 FU Dutch User Support Programme [GO-AO/05] FX This research was supported by the Dutch User Support Programme 2006-2010 under project GO-AO/05. The Dutch National Computer Facility (NCF) is acknowledged for computer resources. We would like to acknowledge the IASI team and the French Ether database for providing the ULB/LATMOS IASI CO product, and we would like to thank in particular M. George for helpful discussion on the IASI averaging kernels. We are most thankful to S. Basu for help during the model development phase. We are thankful to S. Myriokefalitakis for supplying the a priori fields of NMVOC-CO production. We also thank S. Houweling for optimized methane mixing ratio fields. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D15308 DI 10.1029/2012JD017758 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988AQ UT WOS:000307460900003 ER PT J AU Bonaca, A Tanner, JD Basu, S Chaplin, WJ Metcalfe, TS Monteiro, MJPFG Ballot, J Bedding, TR Bonanno, A Broomhall, AM Bruntt, H Campante, TL Christensen-Dalsgaard, J Corsaro, E Elsworth, Y Garcia, RA Hekker, S Karoff, C Kjeldsen, H Mathur, S Regulo, C Roxburgh, I Stello, D Trampedach, R Barclay, T Burke, CJ Caldwell, DA AF Bonaca, Ana Tanner, Joel D. Basu, Sarbani Chaplin, William J. Metcalfe, Travis S. Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G. Ballot, Jerome Bedding, Timothy R. Bonanno, Alfio Broomhall, Anne-Marie Bruntt, Hans Campante, Tiago L. Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen Corsaro, Enrico Elsworth, Yvonne Garcia, Rafael A. Hekker, Saskia Karoff, Christoffer Kjeldsen, Hans Mathur, Savita Regulo, Clara Roxburgh, Ian Stello, Dennis Trampedach, Regner Barclay, Thomas Burke, Christopher J. Caldwell, Douglas A. TI CALIBRATING CONVECTIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLAR-LIKE STARS IN THE KEPLER FIELD OF VIEW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars: fundamental parameters; stars: interiors; stars: oscillations ID MIXING-LENGTH PARAMETER; ALPHA-CENTAURI; ASTEROSEISMIC ANALYSIS; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; INPUT CATALOG; STELLAR AGES; EVOLUTION; OSCILLATIONS; MASS; ISOCHRONES AB Stellar models generally use simple parameterizations to treat convection. The most widely used parameterization is the so-called mixing-length theory where the convective eddy sizes are described using a single number, alpha, the mixing-length parameter. This is a free parameter, and the general practice is to calibrate alpha using the known properties of the Sun and apply that to all stars. Using data from NASA's Kepler mission we show that using the solar-calibrated alpha is not always appropriate, and that in many cases it would lead to estimates of initial helium abundances that are lower than the primordial helium abundance. Kepler data allow us to calibrate alpha for many other stars and we show that for the sample of stars we have studied, the mixing-length parameter is generally lower than the solar value. We studied the correlation between alpha and stellar properties, and we find that alpha increases with metallicity. We therefore conclude that results obtained by fitting stellar models or by using population-synthesis models constructed with solar values of alpha are likely to have large systematic errors. Our results also confirm theoretical expectations that the mixing-length parameter should vary with stellar properties. C1 [Bonaca, Ana; Tanner, Joel D.; Basu, Sarbani] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Basu, Sarbani; Chaplin, William J.; Metcalfe, Travis S.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen; Garcia, Rafael A.; Mathur, Savita] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chaplin, William J.; Broomhall, Anne-Marie; Elsworth, Yvonne] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Metcalfe, Travis S.; Mathur, Savita] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G.; Campante, Tiago L.] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G.; Campante, Tiago L.] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, P-4150762 Oporto, Portugal. [Ballot, Jerome] CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Ballot, Jerome] Univ Toulouse, UPS, IRAP, OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Bedding, Timothy R.; Corsaro, Enrico; Stello, Dennis] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Bonanno, Alfio] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Bruntt, Hans; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen; Karoff, Christoffer; Kjeldsen, Hans] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Garcia, Rafael A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, Ctr Saclay, CEA DSM,CNRS,IRFU SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Garcia, Rafael A.] Ctr Etud Saclay, IRFU SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hekker, Saskia] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Regulo, Clara] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain. [Regulo, Clara] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Roxburgh, Ian] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, London E1 4NS, England. [Trampedach, Regner] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, Regner] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barclay, Thomas] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Burke, Christopher J.; Caldwell, Douglas A.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Bonaca, A (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM ana.bonaca@yale.edu; joel.tanner@yale.edu; sarbani.basu@yale.edu RI Bonanno, Alfio/J-1845-2012; Ballot, Jerome/G-1019-2010; Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./B-4715-2008; Caldwell, Douglas/L-7911-2014; OI Monteiro, Mario J.P.F.G./0000-0003-0513-8116; Caldwell, Douglas/0000-0003-1963-9616; Bonanno, Alfio/0000-0003-3175-9776; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Metcalfe, Travis/0000-0003-4034-0416; Karoff, Christoffer/0000-0003-2009-7965; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661; Garcia, Rafael/0000-0002-8854-3776 FU NASA's Science Mission Directorate; NSF [AST-1105930]; NASA [NNX09AJ53G] FX We thank the anonymous referee for comments that have improved this Letter. Funding for the Kepler mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission Directorate. This work was partially supported by NSF grant AST-1105930 and NASA grant NNX09AJ53G. We also thank all other funding councils and agencies that have supported the activities of Working Group 1 of the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 755 IS 1 AR L12 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/755/1/L12 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 980YS UT WOS:000306930700012 ER PT J AU Puchalski, M Jentschura, UD AF Puchalski, M. Jentschura, U. D. TI Quantum electrodynamic corrections to the g factor of helium P states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LAMB SHIFT; ZEEMAN; INTEGRALS; ATOMS; HE-4 AB The Lande g factor describes the response of an atomic energy level to an external perturbation by a uniform and constant magnetic field. In the case of many-electron systems, the leading term is given by the interaction mu(B) ((L) over right arrow + 2 (S) over right arrow).(B) over right arrow, where (L) over right arrow and (S) over right arrow are the orbital and spin angular momentum operators, respectively, summed over all electrons. For helium, a long-standing experimental-theoretical discrepancy for P states motivates a re-evaluation of the higher order terms which follow from relativistic quantum theory and quantum electrodynamics (QED). The tensor structure of relativistic corrections involves scalar, vector, and symmetric and antisymmetric tensor components. We perform a tensorial reduction of these operators in a Cartesian basis, using an approach which allows us to separate the internal atomic from the external degrees of freedom (magnetic field) right from the start of the calculation. The evaluation proceeds in a Cartesian basis of helium eigenstates, using a weighted sum over the magnetic projections. For the relativistic corrections, this leads to a verification of previous results obtained using the Wigner-Eckhart theorem. The same method, applied to the radiative correction (Bethe logarithm term) leads to a spin-dependent correction, which is different for singlet versus triplet P states. Theoretical predictions are given for singlet and triplet 2P and triplet 3P states and compared to experimental results where available. C1 [Puchalski, M.] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Chem, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. [Puchalski, M.; Jentschura, U. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Jentschura, U. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Puchalski, M (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Chem, Grunwaldzka 6, PL-60780 Poznan, Poland. EM mpuchals@fuw.edu.pl; ulj@mst.edu FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1068547]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Poznan Networking and Supercomputing Center FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-1068547) and by a precision measurement grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors acknowledge helpful conversations with K. Pachucki. Support from Poznan Networking and Supercomputing Center also is gratefully acknowledged. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG 10 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 2 AR 022508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.022508 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 986XY UT WOS:000307382200002 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Mann, IR Rae, IJ Waters, CL Anderson, BJ Milling, DK Singer, HJ Korth, H AF Murphy, Kyle R. Mann, Ian R. Rae, I. Jonathan Waters, Colin L. Anderson, Brian J. Milling, David K. Singer, Howard J. Korth, Haje TI Reduction in field-aligned currents preceding and local to auroral substorm onset SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT DISRUPTION; MAGNETOMETER DATA; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETOSPHERE; RECONNECTION; INSTABILITY; SATELLITE; EXPANSION; BOUNDARY AB We examine the global field-aligned current (FAC) topology associated with a clear substorm on the 16 February 2010. We show that for this particular substorm there is a clear and localised reduction in the FACs observed by AMPERE at least 6 minutes prior to auroral onset. A new auroral arc forms in the region of reduced FAC and on closed field lines which subsequently brightens and expands poleward, signifying the start of the substorm expansion phase. We argue that the change in FACs observed prior to onset is the result of a change in the magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling in a region local to the subsequent auroral onset. Such a change implies an important role for M-I coupling in destabilising the near-Earth tail during magnetospheric substorms and perhaps more importantly in selecting the location in the ionosphere where auroral onset begins. Citation: Murphy, K. R., I. R. Mann, I. J. Rae, C. L. Waters, B. J. Anderson, D. K. Milling, H. J. Singer, and H. Korth (2012), Reduction in field-aligned currents preceding and local to auroral substorm onset, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15106, doi:10.1029/2012GL052798. C1 [Murphy, Kyle R.; Mann, Ian R.; Rae, I. Jonathan; Milling, David K.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Waters, Colin L.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Anderson, Brian J.; Korth, Haje] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. EM kmurphy@ualberta.ca RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012; Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013; Waters, Colin/B-3086-2011 OI Waters, Colin/0000-0003-2121-6962 FU Alberta Innovates Graduate Scholarship; Discovery Grant from NSERC; Canadian Space Agency (CSA); NSF award [1004736]; CSA contract [9F007-046101]; CSA FX K.R.M. is funded by an Alberta Innovates Graduate Scholarship. I.R.M. is supported by a Discovery Grant from NSERC. I.J.R. is funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission. Specifically, we thank S. Mende and E. Donovan for use of the THEMIS ASI data. The ground-based component of the THEMIS mission is funded by NSF award 1004736. Deployment and data retrieval of the THEMIS ASIs was partly supported by CSA contract 9F007-046101 to the University of Calgary. We thank S. Mende, Martin Connors and C. T. Russell for use of THEMIS ground-based magnetometer data. Alaska magnetometer data is provided courtesy of the Geophysical Institute Magnetometer Array operated by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska. More information about this dataset is available at http://magnet.asf.alaska.edu/. Operational support for NORSTAR is provided by the CSA and the University of Calgary. CARISMA is deployed and operated by the University of Alberta and funded by the CSA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15106 DI 10.1029/2012GL052798 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988BT UT WOS:000307463900005 ER PT J AU Hamlington, BD Leben, RR Godin, OA Gica, E Titov, VV Haines, BJ Desai, SD AF Hamlington, B. D. Leben, R. R. Godin, O. A. Gica, E. Titov, V. V. Haines, B. J. Desai, S. D. TI Could satellite altimetry have improved early detection and warning of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The 2011 Tohoku tsunami devastated Japan and affected coastal populations all around the Pacific Ocean. Accurate early warning of an impending tsunami requires the detection of the tsunami in the open ocean. While the lead-time was not sufficient for use in warning coastal populations in Japan, satellite altimetry observations of the tsunami could have been used to improve predictions and warnings for other affected areas. By comparing to both model results and historical satellite altimeter data, we use near-real-time satellite altimeter measurements to demonstrate the potential for detecting the 2011 Tohoku tsunami within a few hours of the tsunami being generated. We show how satellite altimeter data could be used to both directly detect tsunamis in the open ocean and also improve predictions made by models. Citation: Hamlington, B. D., R. R. Leben, O. A. Godin, E. Gica, V. V. Titov, B. J. Haines, and S. D. Desai (2012), Could satellite altimetry have improved early detection and warning of the 2011 Tohoku tsunami?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15605, doi: 10.1029/2012GL052386. C1 [Hamlington, B. D.; Leben, R. R.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hamlington, B. D.; Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gica, E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gica, E.; Titov, V. V.] NOAA, NOAA Ctr Tsunami Res, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Haines, B. J.; Desai, S. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hamlington, BD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, 431 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hamlingt@colorado.edu RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010; OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU NASA [NNX08AR60G]; US Navy under STTR [N06-T002]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148] FX This work was supported, in part, by NASA grant NNX08AR60G and the US Navy under STTR contract N06-T002. This publication is also contribution 3798 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 1898. The authors thank V. G. Irisov for discussions that greatly improved this paper. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15605 DI 10.1029/2012GL052386 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988BQ UT WOS:000307463600001 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Laake, JL Johnson, DS AF Conn, Paul B. Laake, Jeffrey L. Johnson, Devin S. TI A Hierarchical Modeling Framework for Multiple Observer Transect Surveys SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; RECAPTURE MODELS; WILDLIFE SURVEYS; SPATIAL MODELS; MARK-RECAPTURE; ABUNDANCE; SPACE; CHOICE; TRENDS; SIZE AB Ecologists often use multiple observer transect surveys to census animal populations. In addition to animal counts, these surveys produce sequences of detections and non-detections for each observer. When combined with additional data (i.e. covariates such as distance from the transect line), these sequences provide the additional information to estimate absolute abundance when detectability on the transect line is less than one. Although existing analysis approaches for such data have proven extremely useful, they have some limitations. For instance, it is difficult to extrapolate from observed areas to unobserved areas unless a rigorous sampling design is adhered to; it is also difficult to share information across spatial and temporal domains or to accommodate habitat-abundance relationships. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical modeling framework for multiple observer line transects that removes these limitations. In particular, abundance intensities can be modeled as a function of habitat covariates, making it easier to extrapolate to unsampled areas. Our approach relies on a complete data representation of the state space, where unobserved animals and their covariates are modeled using a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Observer detections are modeled via a bivariate normal distribution on the probit scale, with dependence induced by a distance-dependent correlation parameter. We illustrate performance of our approach with simulated data and on a known population of golf tees. In both cases, we show that our hierarchical modeling approach yields accurate inference about abundance and related parameters. In addition, we obtain accurate inference about population-level covariates (e.g. group size). We recommend that ecologists consider using hierarchical models when analyzing multiple-observer transect data, especially when it is difficult to rigorously follow pre-specified sampling designs. We provide a new R package, hierarchicalDS, to facilitate the building and fitting of these models. C1 [Conn, Paul B.; Laake, Jeffrey L.; Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.conn@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 8 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e42294 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042294 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986GX UT WOS:000307331100030 PM 22905121 ER PT J AU Ginoux, P Prospero, JM Gill, TE Hsu, NC Zhao, M AF Ginoux, Paul Prospero, Joseph M. Gill, Thomas E. Hsu, N. Christina Zhao, Ming TI GLOBAL-SCALE ATTRIBUTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL DUST SOURCES AND THEIR EMISSION RATES BASED ON MODIS DEEP BLUE AEROSOL PRODUCTS SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; AFRICAN MINERAL DUST; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; WIND EROSION; DESERT DUST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB Our understanding of the global dust cycle is limited by a dearth of information about dust sources, especially small-scale features which could account for a large fraction of global emissions. Here we present a global-scale high-resolution (0.1 degrees) mapping of sources based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue estimates of dust optical depth in conjunction with other data sets including land use. We ascribe dust sources to natural and anthropogenic (primarily agricultural) origins, calculate their respective contributions to emissions, and extensively compare these products against literature. Natural dust sources globally account for 75% of emissions; anthropogenic sources account for 25%. North Africa accounts for 55% of global dust emissions with only 8% being anthropogenic, mostly from the Sahel. Elsewhere, anthropogenic dust emissions can be much higher (75% in Australia). Hydro-logic dust sources (e. g., ephemeral water bodies) account for 31% worldwide; 15% of them are natural while 85% are anthropogenic. Globally, 20% of emissions are from vegetated surfaces, primarily desert shrublands and agricultural lands. Since anthropogenic dust sources are associated with land use and ephemeral water bodies, both in turn linked to the hydrological cycle, their emissions are affected by climate variability. Such changes in dust emissions can impact climate, air quality, and human health. Improved dust emission estimates will require a better mapping of threshold wind velocities, vegetation dynamics, and surface conditions (soil moisture and land use) especially in the sensitive regions identified here, as well as improved ability to address small-scale convective processes producing dust via cold pool (haboob) events frequent in monsoon regimes. C1 [Ginoux, Paul; Zhao, Ming] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Prospero, Joseph M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gill, Thomas E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Gill, Thomas E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Geol Sci, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Hsu, N. Christina] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ginoux, P (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM paul.ginoux@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160; Gill, Thomas E/0000-0001-9011-4105 FU NOAA [NA17AE1623]; U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE 0623189, AGS 0962256] FX The authors thank the AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the Sun photometer sites used in this study. We are grateful to the NASA TOMS and OMI science teams for providing the aerosol index. We are grateful to Catherine Raphael for helping with the figures. T. E. Gill acknowledges support via NOAA cooperative agreement NA17AE1623, and J. M. Prospero was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, OCE 0623189 and AGS 0962256. NR 215 TC 217 Z9 218 U1 10 U2 130 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD AUG 8 PY 2012 VL 50 AR RG3005 DI 10.1029/2012RG000388 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 988DV UT WOS:000307469400001 ER PT J AU Huang, JF Hsu, NC Tsay, SC Holben, BN Welton, EJ Smirnov, A Jeong, MJ Hansell, RA Berkoff, TA Liu, ZY Liu, GR Campbell, JR Liew, SC Barnes, JE AF Huang, Jingfeng Hsu, N. Christina Tsay, Si-Chee Holben, Brent N. Welton, Ellsworth J. Smirnov, Alexander Jeong, Myeong-Jae Hansell, Richard A. Berkoff, Timothy A. Liu, Zhaoyan Liu, Gin-Rong Campbell, James R. Liew, Soo Chin Barnes, John E. TI Evaluations of cirrus contamination and screening in ground aerosol observations using collocated lidar systems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID THIN CIRRUS; CLOUD CONTAMINATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; RETRIEVAL; AERONET; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; 1.38-MU-M AB Cirrus clouds, particularly subvisual high thin cirrus with low optical thickness, are difficult to screen in operational aerosol retrieval algorithms. Collocated aerosol and cirrus observations from ground measurements, such as the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET), provide us with an unprecedented opportunity to systematically examine the susceptibility of operational aerosol products to cirrus contamination. Quality assured aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measurements were also tested against the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) vertical feature mask (VFM) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thin cirrus screening parameters for the purpose of evaluating cirrus contamination. Key results of this study include: (1) quantitative evaluations of data uncertainties in AERONET AOT retrievals are conducted; although AERONET cirrus screening schemes are successful in removing most cirrus contamination, strong residuals displaying strong spatial and seasonal variability still exist, particularly over thin cirrus prevalent regions during cirrus peak seasons; (2) challenges in matching up different data for analysis are highlighted and corresponding solutions proposed; and (3) estimates of the relative contributions from cirrus contamination to aerosol retrievals are discussed. The results are valuable for better understanding and further improving ground aerosol measurements that are critical for aerosol-related climate research. C1 [Huang, Jingfeng; Hsu, N. Christina; Tsay, Si-Chee; Holben, Brent N.; Welton, Ellsworth J.; Smirnov, Alexander; Hansell, Richard A.; Berkoff, Timothy A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huang, Jingfeng] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Smirnov, Alexander] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD USA. [Jeong, Myeong-Jae] Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Hansell, Richard A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Berkoff, Timothy A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Liu, Zhaoyan] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Liu, Gin-Rong] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Jhongli, Taiwan. [Campbell, James R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Liew, Soo Chin] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Barnes, John E.] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, ESRL, Hilo, HI USA. RP Huang, JF (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM jingfeng.huang@noaa.gov RI Liu, Zhaoyan/B-1783-2010; Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Hsu, N. Christina/H-3420-2013; Liew, Soo Chin/C-9187-2011; Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Hansell, Richard/J-2065-2014 OI Liu, Zhaoyan/0000-0003-4996-5738; Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Liew, Soo Chin/0000-0001-8342-4682; Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; FU NASA EOS Program; NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program; NASA Earth Observing System project FX This work is supported by grant from the NASA EOS Program, managed by Hal Maring. Authors thank David Giles, Bo-Cai Gao, Steve Ou, Larry R. Belcher and Zhien Wang for their constructive comments on the use of in situ and satellite data, analysis methodology and cirrus climatology. Aqua MODIS L1B data were obtained from NASA L1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS). CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network is funded by the NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program. The data at the COVE site are funded by the NASA Earth Observing System project. Authors acknowledge site PIs Brent N. Holben, Ellsworth J. Welton, Si-Chee Tsay, Jeffrey S. Reid, James R. Campbell, Soon-Chang Yoon, Gregory L. Schuster, Neng-Huei Lin, Joseph M. Prospero, John E. Barnes, Soo Chin Liew and all their colleagues for the AERONET and MPLNET sites data that are significantly used in this paper, and all other site PIs and their colleagues for all the site data used in this paper. Their tremendous efforts to collect the quality data sets and put them publicly available are sincerely appreciated. Authors thank the three reviewers for their valuable and insightful comments that helped to improve the paper significantly. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 8 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D15204 DI 10.1029/2012JD017757 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988AG UT WOS:000307459900001 ER PT J AU Kirshenbaum, K Butch, NP Saha, SR Zavalij, PY Ueland, BG Lynn, JW Paglione, J AF Kirshenbaum, K. Butch, N. P. Saha, S. R. Zavalij, P. Y. Ueland, B. G. Lynn, J. W. Paglione, J. TI Tuning magnetism in FeAs-based materials via a tetrahedral structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB Resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, neutron scattering, and x-ray crystallography measurements were used to study the evolution of magnetic order and crystallographic structure in single-crystal samples of the Ba1-xSrxFe2As2 and Sr1-yCayFe2As2 series. A nonmonotonic dependence of the magnetic ordering temperature T-0 on chemical pressure is compared to the progression of the antiferromagnetic staggered moment, characteristics of the ordering transition, and structural parameters to reveal a distinct relationship between the magnetic energy scale and the tetrahedral bond angle, even far above T-0. In Sr1-yCayFe2As2, an abrupt drop in T-0 precisely at the Ca concentration where the tetrahedral structure approaches the ideal geometry indicates a strong coupling between the orbital bonding structure and the stabilization of magnetic order, providing strong constraints on the nature of magnetism in the iron-arsenide superconducting parent compounds. C1 [Kirshenbaum, K.; Butch, N. P.; Saha, S. R.; Paglione, J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zavalij, P. Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ueland, B. G.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kirshenbaum, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM paglione@umd.edu RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012 OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469 FU AFOSR-MURI Grant [FA9550-09-1-0603]; NSF-CAREER Grant [DMR-0952716] FX The authors acknowledge useful discussions with I. I. Mazin and M. A. Green. This work was supported by AFOSR-MURI Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0603 and NSF-CAREER Grant No. DMR-0952716. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 8 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 060504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.060504 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 985MV UT WOS:000307271700002 ER PT J AU Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM Brock, CA de Gouw, JA McKeen, SA Williams, LR Daumit, KE Lambe, AT Massoli, P Canagaratna, MR Ahmadov, R Carrasquillo, AJ Cross, ES Ervens, B Holloway, JS Hunter, JF Onasch, TB Pollack, IB Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Warneke, C Davidovits, P Worsnop, DR Kroll, JH AF Bahreini, R. Middlebrook, A. M. Brock, C. A. de Gouw, J. A. McKeen, S. A. Williams, L. R. Daumit, K. E. Lambe, A. T. Massoli, P. Canagaratna, M. R. Ahmadov, R. Carrasquillo, A. J. Cross, E. S. Ervens, B. Holloway, J. S. Hunter, J. F. Onasch, T. B. Pollack, I. B. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Warneke, C. Davidovits, P. Worsnop, D. R. Kroll, J. H. TI Mass Spectral Analysis of Organic Aerosol Formed Downwind of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Field Studies and Laboratory Confirmations SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; SECONDARY; SPECTROMETRY; EMISSIONS; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; AMBIENT; INLET; SOA AB In June 2010, the NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted two survey flights around the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. The Gulf oil spill resulted in an isolated source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors in a relatively clean environment. Measurements of aerosol composition and volatile organic species (VOCs) indicated formation of SOA from intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) downwind of the oil spill (Science 2011, 331, doi 10.1126/science.1200320). In an effort to better understand formation of SOA in this environment, we present mass spectral characteristics of SOA in the Gulf and of SOA formed in the laboratory from evaporated light crude oil. Compared to urban primary organic aerosol, high-mass-resolution analysis of the background-subtracted SOA spectra in the Gulf (for short, "Gulf SOA") showed higher contribution of CxHyO+ relative to CxHy+ fragments at the same nominal mass. In each transect downwind of the DWH spill site, a gradient in the degree of oxidation of the Gulf SOA was observed: more oxidized SOA (oxygen/carbon = O/C similar to 0.4 was observed in the area impacted by fresher oil; less oxidized SOA (O/C similar to 0.3), with contribution from fragments with a hydrocarbon backbone, was found in a broader region of more-aged surface oil. Furthermore, in the plumes originating from the more-aged oil, contribution of oxygenated fragments to SOA decreased with downwind distance. Despite differences between experimental conditions in the laboratory and the ambient environment, mass spectra of SOA formed from gas-phase oxidation of crude oil by OH radicals in a smog chamber and a flow tube reactor strongly resembled the mass spectra of Gulf SOA (r(2) > 0.94). Processes that led to the observed Gulf SOA characteristics are also likely to occur in polluted regions where VOCs and IVOCs are coemitted. C1 [Bahreini, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; McKeen, S. A.; Ahmadov, R.; Ervens, B.; Holloway, J. S.; Pollack, I. B.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Brock, C. A.; de Gouw, J. A.; McKeen, S. A.; Ahmadov, R.; Ervens, B.; Holloway, J. S.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Williams, L. R.; Lambe, A. T.; Massoli, P.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Onasch, T. B.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Daumit, K. E.; Carrasquillo, A. J.; Cross, E. S.; Hunter, J. F.; Kroll, J. H.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lambe, A. T.; Onasch, T. B.; Davidovits, P.] Boston Coll, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Kroll, J. H.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bahreini, R (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM Roya.Bahreini@du.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; yu, jian/C-1280-2009; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Lambe, Andrew/F-3377-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Hunter, James/0000-0001-8097-9199; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; FU NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs; U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Program; National Science Foundation [AGS-1056225]; Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) [DE-SC0006980, DE-FG02-05ER63995]; Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation [ATM-0525355, AGS-0904292]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310125] FX NOAA's participation in the oil spill survey flights was supported by NOAA's Climate Change and Air Quality Programs and the U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Program. MIT experiments were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1056225. Experiments at Boston College were supported by the Office of Science (BER), Department of Energy (Atmospheric Science Program) grants DE-SC0006980 and DE-FG02-05ER63995, and the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the National Science Foundation grants ATM-0525355 and AGS-0904292. Aerodyne Research Inc.'s involvement in this project was funded in part by the NOAA grant NA09OAR4310125. We thank David Croasdale, Justin Wright, and Alex Martin (BC) for their assistance in conducting laboratory experiments, and Dan Murphy (NOAA) for useful discussions. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 15 BP 8025 EP 8034 DI 10.1021/es301691k PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984OG UT WOS:000307199800017 PM 22788666 ER PT J AU Mauritsen, T Stevens, B Roeckner, E Crueger, T Esch, M Giorgetta, M Haak, H Jungclaus, J Klocke, D Matei, D Mikolajewicz, U Notz, D Pincus, R Schmidt, H Tomassini, L AF Mauritsen, Thorsten Stevens, Bjorn Roeckner, Erich Crueger, Traute Esch, Monika Giorgetta, Marco Haak, Helmuth Jungclaus, Johann Klocke, Daniel Matei, Daniela Mikolajewicz, Uwe Notz, Dirk Pincus, Robert Schmidt, Hauke Tomassini, Lorenzo TI Tuning the climate of a global model SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; COUPLED MODELS; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; CONVECTION AB During a development stage global climate models have their properties adjusted or tuned in various ways to best match the known state of the Earth's climate system. These desired properties are observables, such as the radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere, the global mean temperature, sea ice, clouds and wind fields. The tuning is typically performed by adjusting uncertain, or even non-observable, parameters related to processes not explicitly represented at the model grid resolution. The practice of climate model tuning has seen an increasing level of attention because key model properties, such as climate sensitivity, have been shown to depend on frequently used tuning parameters. Here we provide insights into how climate model tuning is practically done in the case of closing the radiation balance and adjusting the global mean temperature for the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM). We demonstrate that considerable ambiguity exists in the choice of parameters, and present and compare three alternatively tuned, yet plausible configurations of the climate model. The impacts of parameter tuning on climate sensitivity was less than anticipated. C1 [Mauritsen, Thorsten; Stevens, Bjorn; Roeckner, Erich; Crueger, Traute; Esch, Monika; Giorgetta, Marco; Haak, Helmuth; Jungclaus, Johann; Matei, Daniela; Mikolajewicz, Uwe; Notz, Dirk; Schmidt, Hauke; Tomassini, Lorenzo] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Klocke, Daniel] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mauritsen, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM thorsten.mauritsen@zmaw.de RI Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Schmidt, Hauke/J-4469-2013; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013 OI Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Schmidt, Hauke/0000-0001-8271-6456; Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077 FU European Union [244067]; Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG) FX We are grateful for constructive comments and suggestions from Jin-Song von Storch, Marc Salzmann, Frida Bender, Akos Horvath, Christian Jakob and an anonymous reviewer. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for making available the CMIP3 and CMIP5 multi-model datasets. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union, Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 244067. This work was supported by the Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG), and computational resources were provided by Deutsche Klima Rechen Zentrum (DKRZ). NR 59 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 14 U2 65 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 4 AR M00A01 DI 10.1029/2012MS000154 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988DA UT WOS:000307467200001 ER PT J AU Guha, S Ma, X Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Ma, Xiaofei Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Quantifying Ligand Adsorption to Nanoparticles Using Tandem Differential Mobility Mass Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; IONIC-STRENGTH; SURFACES; GOLD; PARTICLES; KINETICS; IGG; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; DESORPTION; MOLECULES AB Although electrospray-differential mobility analyzers (ES-DMA) have been previously employed to characterize ligand binding to nanoparticles, absolute quantification of surface coverage can be inaccurate at times because of ligand conformational effects. In this Letter, we report a quantitative technique by in-flight coupling of a particle mass analyzer (APM) with ES-DMA, thus enabling a direct quantitative analysis of mass independent of particle size, material, morphology and conformation. We demonstrate the utility of ES-DMA APM by studying two model complex systems (gold nanoparticle bovine serum albumin and polystyrene bead-antibody) as a function of concentration and pH. Our results obtained with ES-DMA APM are in excellent agreement with prior work. We anticipate that this will enhance the capabilities of online quantitative characterization of ligand binding to nanoparticles. C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Ma, Xiaofei; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu OI Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 7 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 15 BP 6308 EP 6311 DI 10.1021/ac301149k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 984AG UT WOS:000307159200007 PM 22769867 ER PT J AU Seo, SM Lee, KJ AF Seo, Soo-Man Lee, Kyung-Jin TI Current-induced synchronized switching of magnetization SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; PERPENDICULAR-ANISOTROPY; VOLTAGE-DEPENDENCE; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; REVERSAL; MEMORY; POLARIZER AB We investigate current-induced magnetization switching for a multilayer structure that allows a reduced switching current while maintaining high thermal stability of the magnetization. The structure consists of a perpendicular polarizer, a perpendicular free-layer, and an additional free-layer having in-plane magnetization. When the current runs perpendicular to the structure, the in-plane free-layer undergoes a precession and supplies an internal rf field to the perpendicular free-layer, resulting in a reduced switching current for one current polarity. For the other polarity, the in-plane free-layer almost saturates perpendicular to the plane and acts as another perpendicular polarizer, which also reduces the switching current. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742917] C1 [Seo, Soo-Man; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Seo, SM (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM kj_lee@korea.ac.kr RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010 OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266 FU NRF [2010-0023798]; MKE/KEIT [2009-F-004-01]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX This work was supported by the NRF (2010-0023798) the MKE/KEIT (2009-F-004-01). K. J. Lee acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 6 AR 062408 DI 10.1063/1.4742917 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 993LY UT WOS:000307862400045 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Lysaght, P Price, J Huang, J Woicik, JC AF Weiland, C. Lysaght, P. Price, J. Huang, J. Woicik, J. C. TI Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of As and Ga out-diffusion in In0.53Ga0.47As/Al2O3 film systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; OXIDE; INTERFACES; STABILITY AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) was performed on In0.53Ga0.47As/Al2O3 gate stacks as deposited and annealed at 400 degrees C, 500 degrees C, and 700 degrees C to test for out-diffusion of substrate elements. Ga and As core-level intensities increase with increasing anneal temperature, while the In intensity decreases. HAXPES was performed at two different beam energies to vary the surface sensitivity; results demonstrate Qa and As out-diffuse into the Al2O3 film. Analysis suggests the presence of an interlayer containing Ga and As oxides, which thickens with increasing anneal temperature. Further diffusion, especially of Ga, into the Al2O3 film is also observed with increasing anneal temperature. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745207] C1 [Weiland, C.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lysaght, P.; Price, J.; Huang, J.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cweiland@bnl.gov RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 6 AR 061602 DI 10.1063/1.4745207 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 993LY UT WOS:000307862400012 ER PT J AU Yang, SH Kim, YS Yoo, JM Dagalakis, NG AF Yang, Seung Ho Kim, Yong-Sik Yoo, Jae-Myung Dagalakis, Nicholas G. TI Microelectromechanical systems based Stewart platform with sub-nano resolution SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARALLEL MANIPULATOR; FREEDOM; DESIGN; ROBOT; MICROSTAGE; KINEMATICS; FORM AB There have been difficulties in the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based Stewart platforms [D. Stewart, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 180(15), 371 (1965)]. The macroscale positioning technology, such as universal joints, ball and roller bearings, and commercial actuators, used for building the macro Stewart platforms could not be fit into MEMS version machines. In this paper, we report that these difficulties were overcome at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A prototype of NIST's MEMS-based Stewart platform showed six degree-of-freedom kinematic capability with sub-nano-scale resolution. This MEMS Stewart platform can be adopted as a precision stage for sub nano-scale applications, such as the atomic force microscope and manipulation of molecules. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739517] C1 [Yang, Seung Ho; Kim, Yong-Sik; Yoo, Jae-Myung; Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, SH (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230 Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shyang6574@gmail.com FU Next Generation Robotics and Automation program FX Special acknowledgements are given to Dr. Robert F. Cook and Dr. John A. Kramar of NIST for their support and help of this work. Sincere acknowledgement is given to Dr. Premsagar P. Kavuri and Dr. Gregory W. Vogl for their review of this paper. This research was supported by the Next Generation Robotics and Automation program. Fabrication was performed in the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nano Fabrication Clean Room. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 6 AR 061909 DI 10.1063/1.4739517 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 993LY UT WOS:000307862400021 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Gilman, JB Borbon, A Warneke, C Kuster, WC Goldan, PD Holloway, JS Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Parrish, DD Gentner, DR Goldstein, AH Harley, RA AF de Gouw, J. A. Gilman, J. B. Borbon, A. Warneke, C. Kuster, W. C. Goldan, P. D. Holloway, J. S. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Parrish, D. D. Gentner, D. R. Goldstein, A. H. Harley, R. A. TI Increasing atmospheric burden of ethanol in the United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; PTR-MS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON; GASOLINE VEHICLES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GREENHOUSE GASES; EMISSIONS; ACETALDEHYDE; CONSTRAINTS; VARIABILITY AB The use of ethanol as a transportation fuel in the U.S. increased significantly from 2000-2009, and in 2010 nearly all gasoline contained 10% ethanol. In accordance with this increased use, atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in Los Angeles in 2010 were significantly enriched in ethanol compared to measurements in urban outflow in the Northeast U. S. in 2002 and 2004. Mixing ratios of acetaldehyde, an atmospheric oxidation product of ethanol, decreased between 2002 and 2010 in Los Angeles. Previous work has suggested that large-scale use of ethanol may have detrimental effects on air quality. While we see no evidence for this in the U. S., our study indicates that ethanol has become a ubiquitous compound in urban air and that better measurements are required to monitor its increase and effects. C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Borbon, A.; Warneke, C.; Kuster, W. C.; Goldan, P. D.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Parrish, D. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Gilman, J. B.; Borbon, A.; Warneke, C.; Kuster, W. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gentner, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Harley, R. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joost.degouw@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; FU NOAA Climate Change program; Air Quality program FX The NOAA Climate Change and Air Quality programs supported this work. We thank the flight crew of the NOAA WP-3D aircraft. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15803 DI 10.1029/2012GL052109 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988FQ UT WOS:000307474900001 ER PT J AU Weigum, NM Stier, P Schwarz, JP Fahey, DW Spackman, JR AF Weigum, N. M. Stier, P. Schwarz, J. P. Fahey, D. W. Spackman, J. R. TI Scales of variability of black carbon plumes over the Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; AEROSOL; TRANSPORT; CITY AB Scales of spatial variability of black carbon (BC) aerosol plumes are quantified during the HIPPO aircraft campaign, which flew multiple missions from pole-to-pole over the Pacific ocean. During the first three missions of HIPPO, over 400 vertical profiles of BC concentrations were obtained using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). In this work, a total of 100 plumes are identified and analyzed. Due to the nature of the HIPPO flight track, the plume length scale is defined along the slanted flight track, having both vertical and horizontal components. These plumes comprise 57% of the total BC mass measured and have a median scale of 113 km. An analysis of BC variability based on autocorrelation functions confirms that most of BC's variability exists on scales similar to the majority of measured plume scales, with a range of 85-155 km. The plume scales are compared to an effective along-track global circulation model (GCM) resolution, which ranges from 20 km for low altitudes and steep ascents to 230 km for high altitudes and shallower ascents. The results suggest that plumes characterized predominantly by their horizontal variation at these scales are too small to be captured by GCMs running at resolutions currently suitable for climate simulations. C1 [Weigum, N. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3DR, England. [Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Weigum, NM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3DR, England. EM weigum@atm.ox.ac.uk RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Clarendon Fund; UK Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS [NE/G006148/1]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Clarendon Fund, and by the UK Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS [NE/G006148/1]. Data was provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. http://data.eol.ucar.edu/. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L15804 DI 10.1029/2012GL052127 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988FQ UT WOS:000307474900002 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, O. V. TI The effects of transverse bed topography variations in ice-flow models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER; WEST ANTARCTICA; STREAM-E; GLACIER; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; SHEETS AB A suite of ice-flow models is subject to a performance test designed to investigate treatment of flow over variable basal topography. Using transfer functions developed by Gudmundsson (2003) and numerical models of various complexity, this study demonstrates that a widely used flowband model has strong limitations associated with its underlying assumptions, and thus should be applied only in specific geometrical settings. Its performance can be significantly improved by using the laterally averaged basal topography instead of centerline topography. In applications where spatial variability of flow fields is important, hybrid ice-flow models can be a viable alternative to flowband models. In addition, analysis of horizontal distributions of the various ice-flow characteristics (e. g., surface elevation, velocity, and horizontal stress components) shows that field observations that focus on assessing these parameters only along the centerline of ice flow could be misleading. These results also suggest that such spatial variability needs to be taken into account when designing field surveys of ice flow. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU NSF [OPP-0838811, CMG-0934534] FX I would like to thank Andreas Vieli, Associate Editor Martin Truffer, Editor Bryn Hubbard, and three anonymous referees for valuable comments and constructive criticism that helped to improve the manuscript. I also thank Doug MacAyeal for help with this manuscript. This research was supported by NSF grants OPP-0838811 and CMG-0934534. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F03011 DI 10.1029/2011JF002203 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988DD UT WOS:000307467500001 ER PT J AU Gnanaseelan, C Deshpande, A McPhaden, MJ AF Gnanaseelan, C. Deshpande, Aditi McPhaden, Michael J. TI Impact of Indian Ocean Dipole and El Nino/Southern Oscillation wind-forcing on the Wyrtki jets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL CURRENTS; SURFACE CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; DYNAMICS; MODEL; EVENTS; NINO; CIRCULATION AB Interannual variability of the Wyrtki jets is studied in the context of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) wind-forcing using a three dimensional numerical ocean model and observations. The boreal fall (October-November) Wyrtki jet is more significantly affected than the boreal spring (April-May) Wyrtki jet since both the IOD and ENSO tend to peak toward the end of the calendar year. Various statistical methods are used in an attempt to separate the impacts of the IOD and ENSO on these jets, with emphasis on the fall jet. The first two modes of an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decomposition account for about 90% and 85% of variability in zonal currents and wind stress respectively along the equator in the Indian Ocean, but EOF analysis does not cleanly separate out IOD and ENSO forcing and response. Partial correlation analysis reveals that IOD wind-forcing and zonal equatorial current response are stronger on average than for ENSO and extend further west across the basin. Composite analysis of IOD only, ENSO only, and combined IOD and ENSO years provides a complementary definition of the relative contributions of these two phenomena on Wyrtki jet variability and in general is consistent with the results of the partial correlation analysis. C1 [Gnanaseelan, C.; Deshpande, Aditi] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gnanaseelan, C (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM seelan@tropmet.res.in RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad FX We acknowledge B. N. Goswami, Director, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Space Application Centre, Ahmedabad and Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad, for support. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript. We also acknowledge GFDL for MOM4, various agencies for different data sets used in the study and R. H. Kripalani for scientific discussions. The figures are prepared using Ferret. This is PMEL publication 3814. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C08005 DI 10.1029/2012JC007918 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 988DJ UT WOS:000307468100007 ER PT J AU Tang, LJ Titov, VV Bernard, EN Wei, Y Chamberlin, CD Newman, JC Mofjeld, HO Arcas, D Eble, MC Moore, C Uslu, B Pells, C Spillane, M Wright, L Gica, E AF Tang, Liujuan Titov, Vasily V. Bernard, Eddie N. Wei, Yong Chamberlin, Christopher D. Newman, Jean C. Mofjeld, Harold O. Arcas, Diego Eble, Marie C. Moore, Christopher Uslu, Burak Pells, Clint Spillane, Michael Wright, Lindsey Gica, Edison TI Direct energy estimation of the 2011 Japan tsunami using deep-ocean pressure measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE; SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; PACIFIC COAST; RECORDS; MODEL; ISLANDS; WAVES AB We have developed a method to compute the total energy transmitted by tsunami waves, to the case where the earthquake source is unknown, by using deep-ocean pressure measurements and numerical models (tsunami source functions). Based on the first wave recorded at the two closest tsunameters (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART)), our analysis suggests that the March 11, 2011 Tohoku-Oki tsunami generated off Japan originated from a 300-400 km long and 100 km wide area, and the total propagated energy is 3 x 10(15) J (with 6% uncertainty). Measurements from 30 tsunameters and 32 coastal tide stations show excellent agreement with the forecasts obtained in real time. Our study indicates that the propagated energy and the source location are the most important source characteristics for predicting tsunami impacts. Interactions of tsunami waves with seafloor topography delay and redirect the energy flux, posing hazards from delayed and amplified waves with long duration. Seafloor topography also gives its spectral imprint to tsunami waves. Travel time forecast errors are path-specific and correlated to the major wave scatterers in the Pacific. Numerical dissipation in the propagation modeling highlights the need of high-resolution inundation models for accurate coastal predictions. On the other hand, it also can be used to account for physical dissipation to achieve efficiency. Our results provide guidelines for the earliest reliable tsunami forecast, warnings of long duration tsunami waves signals and enhancement of the experimental tsunami forecast system. We apply the method to quantify the energy of 15 past tsunamis, independently from earthquake magnitudes. The small tsunami to seismic radiation energy ratios, and their variability (0.01-0.8%), reinforce the importance of using deep-ocean tsunami data, the direct measures of tsunamis, for estimates of tsunami energy and accurate forecasting. C1 [Tang, Liujuan; Titov, Vasily V.; Bernard, Eddie N.; Wei, Yong; Chamberlin, Christopher D.; Newman, Jean C.; Mofjeld, Harold O.; Arcas, Diego; Eble, Marie C.; Moore, Christopher; Uslu, Burak; Pells, Clint; Spillane, Michael; Wright, Lindsey; Gica, Edison] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tang, Liujuan; Wei, Yong; Chamberlin, Christopher D.; Newman, Jean C.; Arcas, Diego; Uslu, Burak; Pells, Clint; Spillane, Michael; Wright, Lindsey; Gica, Edison] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Tang, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM liujuan.tang@noaa.gov RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015; Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015; OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU NOAA Center for Tsunami Research; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We are grateful to Elena Tolkova for developing codes to compute tsunami energy of inverted tsunami sources, performing energy analysis for Crescent City Harbor, improving MOST version 4 performances and many thoughtful discussions. We thank Zygmunt Kowalik, Kwok Fai Cheung, Kenji Satake, and Patrick Lynett for their comments and suggestions that enhanced the manuscript substantially. We thank Hongqiang Zhou, Sandra Bigley, Nancy. N. Soreide, Nicolas Arcos, John Osborne and NCTR members for discussion and contributions, Shunichi Koshimura for discussion and survey data, Frank Gonzalez, Stuart A. Weinstein, and National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (NOS/CO-OPS) for coastal water level data, National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) for tsunameter data, National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) for bathymetry and topographic data. This research is funded by the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, PMEL contribution 3704. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA cooperative agreement NA17RJ1232, contribution 1861. NR 83 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C08008 DI 10.1029/2011JC007635 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 988DJ UT WOS:000307468100003 ER PT J AU van der Westhuysen, AJ van Dongeren, AR Groeneweg, J van Vledder, GP Peters, H Gautier, C van Nieuwkoop, JCC AF van der Westhuysen, A. J. van Dongeren, A. R. Groeneweg, J. van Vledder, G. Ph. Peters, H. Gautier, C. van Nieuwkoop, J. C. C. TI Improvements in spectral wave modeling in tidal inlet seas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BREAKING WAVES; SHALLOW-WATER; COASTAL REGIONS; BOTTOM FRICTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; WIND-WAVES; DEPTH; DISSIPATION; VERIFICATION; FREQUENCY AB The performance of the spectral wind wave model SWAN in tidal inlet seas was assessed on the basis of extensive wave measurements conducted in the Amelander Zeegat tidal inlet and the Dutch Eastern Wadden Sea, as well as relevant data from other inlets, lakes, estuaries and beaches. We found that the 2006 default SWAN model (version 40.51), the starting point of the investigation, performed reasonably well for measured storm conditions, but three aspects required further attention. First, over the near-horizontal tidal flats, the computed ratio of integral wave height over water depth showed an apparent upper limit using the default depth-limited wave breaking formulation and breaker parameter, resulting in an underprediction of wave heights. This problem has been largely solved using a new breaker formulation. The second aspect concerns wave-current interaction, specifically the wave age effect on waves generated in ambient current, and a proposed enhanced dissipation in negative current gradients. Third, the variance density of lower-frequency wind waves from the North Sea penetrating through the inlets into the Wadden Sea was underpredicted. This was improved by reducing the bottom friction dissipation relative to that of the default model. After a combined calibration, these improvements have resulted in a relative bias reduction in H-m0 from -3% to -1%, in T-m-1,T-0 from -7% to -3%, and in T-m01 from -6% to -2%, and consistent reductions in scatter, compared to the 2006 default model. C1 [van Vledder, G. Ph.] ARCADIS Nederland BV, Alkyon, Emmeloord, Netherlands. [van Vledder, G. Ph.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept CiTG, Delft, Netherlands. [Peters, H.] Rijkswaterstaat Data ICT Dienst, Delft, Netherlands. [van der Westhuysen, A. J.; van Dongeren, A. R.; Groeneweg, J.; Gautier, C.; van Nieuwkoop, J. C. C.] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. RP van der Westhuysen, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM andre.vanderwesthuysen@noaa.gov OI Van Dongeren, Albertus/0000-0002-1982-4777 NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C00J28 DI 10.1029/2011JC007837 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 988DJ UT WOS:000307468100006 ER PT J AU Ruder, WC Pratt, ED Brandy, NZD LaVan, DA LeDuc, PR Antaki, JF AF Ruder, Warren C. Pratt, Erica D. Brandy, Nailah Z. D. LaVan, David A. LeDuc, Philip R. Antaki, James F. TI Calcium signaling is gated by a mechanical threshold in three-dimensional environments SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SHEAR-STRESS; CA2+ INFLUX; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; INTEGRINS; FIBROBLASTS; CHANNELS; MATRICES; SURFACE; SRC AB Cells interpret their mechanical environment using diverse signaling pathways that affect complex phenotypes. These pathways often interact with ubiquitous 2nd-messengers such as calcium. Understanding mechanically-induced calcium signaling is especially important in fibroblasts, cells that exist in three-dimensional fibrous matrices, sense their mechanical environment, and remodel tissue morphology. Here, we examined calcium signaling in fibroblasts using a minimal-profile, three-dimensional (MP3D) mechanical assay system, and compared responses to those elicited by conventional, two-dimensional magnetic tensile cytometry and substratum stretching. Using the MP3D system, we observed robust mechanically-induced calcium responses that could not be recreated using either two-dimensional technique. Furthermore, we used the MP3D system to identify a critical displacement threshold governing an all-or-nothing mechanically-induced calcium response. We believe these findings significantly increase our understanding of the critical role of calcium signaling in cells in three-dimensional environments with broad implications in development and disease. C1 [Ruder, Warren C.; Pratt, Erica D.; Brandy, Nailah Z. D.; LeDuc, Philip R.; Antaki, James F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pratt, Erica D.; LeDuc, Philip R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [LaVan, David A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [LeDuc, Philip R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [LeDuc, Philip R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Antaki, James F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP LeDuc, PR (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM prleduc@cmu.edu; antaki@cmu.edu RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; LeDuc, Philip/M-1103-2014; Pratt, Erica/H-6566-2015; Antaki, James/S-3051-2016 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; LeDuc, Philip/0000-0001-6397-2905; Antaki, James/0000-0002-5430-7353 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0856187, CMMI-1160840]; Office of Naval Research [N000140910215]; Dowd-ICES predoctoral fellowship awarded; NIH-NIBIB training grant [T32 EB0003392]; REU supplement [EF-0331657] FX The authors thank Professor C.M. Cheng for technical assistance with SEM imaging. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0856187 and CMMI-1160840) and the Office of Naval Research (N000140910215). W.C.R. was supported by a Dowd-ICES predoctoral fellowship awarded by CMU as well as by the NIH-NIBIB training grant T32 EB0003392 entitled 'Biomechanics in Regenerative Medicine'. E.D.P. and N.Z.D.B. were supported in part by a REU supplement to NSF grant EF-0331657 at the CMU Center for Bioimage Informatics. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 554 DI 10.1038/srep00554 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 988FL UT WOS:000307474300001 PM 22870383 ER PT J AU Riste, D van Leeuwen, JG Ku, HS Lehnert, KW DiCarlo, L AF Riste, D. van Leeuwen, J. G. Ku, H. -S. Lehnert, K. W. DiCarlo, L. TI Initialization by Measurement of a Superconducting Quantum Bit Circuit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON; CAVITY; QUBIT; SPIN AB We demonstrate initialization by joint measurement of two transmon qubits in 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics. Homodyne detection of cavity transmission is enhanced by Josephson parametric amplification to discriminate the two-qubit ground state from single-qubit excitations nondestructively and with 98.1% fidelity. Measurement and postselection of a steady-state mixture with 4.7% residual excitation per qubit achieve 98.8% fidelity to the ground state, thus outperforming passive initialization. C1 [Riste, D.; van Leeuwen, J. G.; DiCarlo, L.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Ku, H. -S.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ku, H. -S.; Lehnert, K. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Riste, D (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst Nanosci, POB 5046, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RI Riste, Diego/G-9215-2012; Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009; DiCarlo, Leonardo/F-8714-2010 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649; FU Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [680-47-508]; EU FP7 project SOLID; DARPA QuEST program FX We thank F. Nguyen for discussions and experimental assistance, P. C. de Groot and M. Shakori for fabrication support, and R. N. Schouten and G. de Lange for electronics support. We acknowledge funding from the Dutch Organization for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI Grant No. 680-47-508), the EU FP7 project SOLID, and the DARPA QuEST program. NR 41 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 5 AR 050507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.050507 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983NM UT WOS:000307126000002 PM 23006158 ER PT J AU Tedesco, JL Stephey, L Hernandez-Mora, M Richter, CA Gergel-Hackett, N AF Tedesco, J. L. Stephey, L. Hernandez-Mora, M. Richter, C. A. Gergel-Hackett, N. TI Switching mechanisms in flexible solution-processed TiO2 memristors SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMORY AB Memristors are emerging as unique electrical devices with potential applications in memory, reconfigurable logic and biologically inspired computing. Due to the novelty of these devices, the complete details of their switching mechanism is not yet well established. In this work, the switching mechanism of our solution-processed titanium dioxide-based memristor is investigated by studying how variations in the device area and film thickness affect electrical behavior and correlating these behavioral changes to proposed switching mechanisms. The conduction path of the switching is also investigated through electrical characterization of devices both before and after physically cutting the devices in half, as well as through infrared imaging of the devices during operation. The results suggest that the electrical behavior of these devices is dominated by a localized, charge-based phenomenon that exhibits a dependence on device area. C1 [Tedesco, J. L.; Stephey, L.; Hernandez-Mora, M.; Richter, C. A.; Gergel-Hackett, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tedesco, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.tedesco@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov; nghackett@mbc.edu FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors would like to thank Lee Richter for his help with the spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements, Jose Ortiz for assistance preparing the memristors for IR measurements, as well as Jon Geist and Dave Berning for helpful discussions regarding the IR maps. Work by JLT was completed while an IC Postdoctoral Research Fellow and work by LS was completed while an APS Society of Physics Students Summer Intern. This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 41 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 3 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 30 AR 305206 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/30/305206 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 973DF UT WOS:000306333500007 PM 22780990 ER PT J AU Chou, SG Stutzman, PE Wang, SZ Garboczi, EJ Egelhoff, WF Plusquellic, DF AF Chou, Shin G. Stutzman, Paul E. Wang, Shuangzhen Garboczi, Edward J. Egelhoff, William F. Plusquellic, David F. TI High-Resolution Terahertz Optical Absorption Study of the Antiferromagnetic Resonance Transition in Hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; IRON-OXIDES; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; CORUNDUM; CRYSTAL AB We report high-resolution optical absorption measurements between 1.5 and 10 cm(-1) of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) resonance transition in alpha-Fe2O3. The AFM transition is measured over a range of temperatures from 4 to 325 K that includes the low- and high-temperature branches separated by a magnetic phase transition near 260 K. The high-resolution measurements devoid of optical interference were made possible by improving the frequency stability of the near-infrared lasers used to generate terahertz radiation (+/-0.0003 cm(-1)) and by taking advantage of the large temperature dependence of the AFM transition frequency. The temperature dependence of both branches could be well-fit to a magnon model. A slight difference in temperature dependence between the hematite samples with different annealing treatments was observed in the low-temperature branch. The difference is qualitatively explained by changes in the higher order crystalline anisotropy energy resulting from slightly altered magnetic interactions due to the annealing treatment. The sensitivity achieved using these methods permits a detailed characterization of the optically excited AFM :magnon in the absence of magnetic fields over a wide temperature range, thus making the terahertz-based optical platform suitable for nondestructive examination applications for many AFM materials and devices. C1 [Chou, Shin G.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stutzman, Paul E.; Wang, Shuangzhen; Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Egelhoff, William F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chou, SG (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shinchou@alum.mit.edu; dplus@nist.gov FU ARRA Fellowship; NIST Innovative Measurement Science research program FX The authors acknowledge the foresight of Dr. W. F. Egelhoff and Dr. K. Gilmore, whose scientific vision has led to the conception of this project. The authors gratefully acknowledge J. Surek for procuring one of the hematite samples used in this study. Two of the authors (S.G.C. and D.F.P.) gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. R. McMichael, Dr. N. Martys, and Dr. E. Shirley. SW. acknowledges support from the ARRA Fellowship. The work was supported by the NIST Innovative Measurement Science research program. Certain equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 30 BP 16161 EP 16166 DI 10.1021/jp3036567 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 981SH UT WOS:000306989500037 ER PT J AU Frick, WF Stepanian, PM Kelly, JF Howard, KW Kuster, CM Kunz, TH Chilson, PB AF Frick, Winifred F. Stepanian, Phillip M. Kelly, Jeffrey F. Howard, Kenneth W. Kuster, Charles M. Kunz, Thomas H. Chilson, Phillip B. TI Climate and Weather Impact Timing of Emergence of Bats SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID FREE-TAILED BATS; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; INSECT POPULATIONS; PREDATION RISK; RADAR; PHENOLOGY; DECLINES; BIRD AB Interest in forecasting impacts of climate change have heightened attention in recent decades to how animals respond to variation in climate and weather patterns. One difficulty in determining animal response to climate variation is lack of long-term datasets that record animal behaviors over decadal scales. We used radar observations from the national NEXRAD network of Doppler weather radars to measure how group behavior in a colonially-roosting bat species responded to annual variation in climate and daily variation in weather over the past 11 years. Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) form dense aggregations in cave roosts in Texas. These bats emerge from caves daily to forage at high altitudes, which makes them detectable with Doppler weather radars. Timing of emergence in bats is often viewed as an adaptive trade-off between emerging early and risking predation or increased competition and emerging late which restricts foraging opportunities. We used timing of emergence from five maternity colonies of Brazilian free-tailed bats in south-central Texas during the peak lactation period (15 June-15 July) to determine whether emergence behavior was associated with summer drought conditions and daily temperatures. Bats emerged significantly earlier during years with extreme drought conditions than during moist years. Bats emerged later on days with high surface temperatures in both dry and moist years, but there was no relationship between surface temperatures and timing of emergence in summers with normal moisture levels. We conclude that emergence behavior is a flexible animal response to climate and weather conditions and may be a useful indicator for monitoring animal response to long-term shifts in climate. C1 [Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Stepanian, Phillip M.; Kuster, Charles M.; Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Stepanian, Phillip M.; Kuster, Charles M.; Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kelly, Jeffrey F.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Frick, WF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM wfrick@ucsc.edu FU NSF [DBI-0905881, EPS 0919466]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]; University of Oklahoma FX WFF was supported by NSF DBI-0905881. JFK was supported by NSF EPS 0919466. PBC was funded in part through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Grant NA08OAR4320904. PBC and PMS were partially supported through internal funding from the University of Oklahoma. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 90 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e42737 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042737 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984JA UT WOS:000307184700059 PM 22876331 ER PT J AU Liu, JF Horowitz, LW Fan, SM Carlton, AG Levy, H AF Liu, Junfeng Horowitz, Larry W. Fan, Songmiao Carlton, Annmarie G. Levy, Hiram, II TI Global in-cloud production of secondary organic aerosols: Implementation of a detailed chemical mechanism in the GFDL atmospheric model AM3 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; RADICAL-INITIATED REACTIONS; METHYL VINYL KETONE; LIQUID WATER CLOUDS; HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; SOA PRODUCTION AB Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosols, but their global source is only beginning to be understood. Substantial evidence has shown that oxidation of water-soluble organic species in the liquid cloud leads to the formation of SOA. To evaluate this global source and explore its sensitivity to various assumptions concerning cloud properties, we simulate in-cloud SOA (IC-SOA) formation based on detailed multiphase chemistry incorporated into the newly developed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled chemistry-climate model AM3. We find global IC-SOA production is around 20-30 Tg.yr(-1) between 1999 and 2001. Depending on season and location, oxalic acid accounts for 40-90% of the total IC-SOA source (particularly between 800 hPa-400 hPa), and glyoxylic acid and oligomers (formed by glyoxal and methylglyoxal in evaporating clouds) each contribute an additional 10-20%. Besides glyoxal and methylglyoxal (extensively studied by previous research), glycolaldehyde and acetic acid are among the most important precursors leading to the formation of IC-SOA, particularly oxalic acid. Different implementations of cloud fraction or cloud lifetime in global climate models could potentially modify estimates of IC-SOA mass production by 20-30%. Dense IC-SOA production occurs in the tropical and midlatitude regions of the lower troposphere (surface to 500 hPa). In DJF, IC-SOA production is concentrated over the western Amazon and southern Africa. In JJA, substantial IC-SOA production occurs over southern China and boreal forest regions. This study confirms a significant in-cloud source of SOA, which will directly and indirectly influence global radiation balance and regional climate. C1 [Liu, Junfeng] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Horowitz, Larry W.; Fan, Songmiao; Levy, Hiram, II] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Carlton, Annmarie G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jfliu@pku.edu.cn RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41130754] FX We thank Barbara Turpin for helpful suggestions on aqueous-phase mechanism of SOA and three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. We also thank Renyi Zhang and Zhongming Chen for useful discussion on SOA cloud chemistry. We finally thank the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for computational resources. This paper is also partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130754). NR 78 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D15303 DI 10.1029/2012JD017838 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988EP UT WOS:000307471700002 ER PT J AU Wang, GH Li, JX Wang, CZ Yan, YW AF Wang, Guihua Li, Jiaxun Wang, Chunzai Yan, Yunwei TI Interactions among the winter monsoon, ocean eddy and ocean thermal front in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; EDDIES AB Sea surface temperature (SST) in boreal winter shows a robust feature of ocean front west of Luzon Island where a cyclonic ocean eddy is associated with the winter northeast monsoon. Our analyses further show that cold (warm) water is located in the northwest (southeast) part of the Luzon eddy due to ocean advection, forming the west Luzon front. The results suggest a novel mechanism of the positive feedback among the winter monsoon, ocean eddy and ocean front over the South China Sea. A strong positive wind stress curl associated with the winter monsoon and mountainous islands produces the Luzon eddy. With eddy heat advection, the Luzon eddy is accompanied by negative (positive) SST anomalies in the northwest (southwest) part of the eddy, inducing the west Luzon thermal front. The SST anomalies can further force an anomalous wind pattern that converges onto the positive SST anomalies and diverges from the negative SST anomalies. The anomalous wind distribution in turn enhances the positive wind stress curl west of Luzon Island. C1 [Wang, Guihua; Li, Jiaxun; Yan, Yunwei] Second Inst Oceanog, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Li, Jiaxun] PLA Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Meteorol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), Second Inst Oceanog, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM guihua_wanggh@yahoo.com.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Yan, Yunwei/0000-0003-3196-741X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125019, 40725017, 40976017]; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang for Innovative Research Groups [2009R50044] FX The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 41125019, 40725017 and 40976017) and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang for Innovative Research Groups (grant 2009R50044). We thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their comments on this paper. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C08002 DI 10.1029/2012JC008007 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 988DG UT WOS:000307467800002 ER PT J AU Gawarkiewicz, GG Todd, RE Plueddemann, AJ Andres, M Manning, JP AF Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. Todd, Robert E. Plueddemann, Albert J. Andres, Magdalena Manning, James P. TI Direct interaction between the Gulf Stream and the shelfbreak south of New England SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; WARM-CORE RING; CAPE-HATTERAS; SLOPE; WATER; NORTH; TRANSPORT; CURRENTS; FRONT AB Sea surface temperature imagery, satellite altimetry, and a surface drifter track reveal an unusual tilt in the Gulf Stream path that brought the Gulf Stream to 39.96N near the Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak-200 km north of its mean position-in October 2011, while a large meander brought Gulf Stream water within 12 km of the shelfbreak in December 2011. Near-bottom temperature measurements from lobster traps on the outer continental shelf south of New England show distinct warming events (temperature increases exceeding 6 degrees C) in November and December 2011. Moored profiler measurements over the continental slope show high salinities and temperatures, suggesting that the warm water on the continental shelf originated in the Gulf Stream. The combination of unusual water properties over the shelf and slope in late fall and the subsequent mild winter may affect seasonal stratification and habitat selection for marine life over the continental shelf in 2012. C1 [Gawarkiewicz, Glen G.; Todd, Robert E.; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Andres, Magdalena] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Manning, James P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Gawarkiewicz, GG (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM gleng@whoi.edu OI Todd, Robert/0000-0002-6854-7729 FU National Science Foundation; NSF [OCE-1129125]; Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region; Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists FX We thank David Spencer, Fred Mattera, and Norbert Stamps for the enlightening discussion that motivated this work, and look forward to future interactions with commercial fishermen who share their insights about oceanographic conditions. Chris Linder computed the climatological profiles. Profiler data were made available by the Ocean Observatory Initiative (OOI) during the construction phase of the project. The OOI is funded by the National Science Foundation and managed by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Drifter data were provided by Tim Shaw and David Calhoun at Cape Fear Community College. GGG was supported by NSF Grant OCE-1129125. RET was supported by the Postdoctoral Scholar Program at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, with funding provided by the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region. MA was supported by the Penzance Endowed Fund in Support of Assistant Scientists. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 2 AR 553 DI 10.1038/srep00553 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 988GM UT WOS:000307477200001 PM 22870382 ER PT J AU Ballantyne, AP Alden, CB Miller, JB Tans, PP White, JWC AF Ballantyne, A. P. Alden, C. B. Miller, J. B. Tans, P. P. White, J. W. C. TI Increase in observed net carbon dioxide uptake by land and oceans during the past 50 years SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CO2 EMISSIONS; TRENDS; SINKS; ECOSYSTEMS AB One of the greatest sources of uncertainty for future climate predictions is the response of the global carbon cycle to climate change(1). Although approximately one-half of total CO2 emissions is at present taken up by combined land and ocean carbon reservoirs(2), models predict a decline in future carbon uptake by these reservoirs, resulting in a positive carbon-climate feedback(3). Several recent studies suggest that rates of carbon uptake by the land(4-6) and ocean(7-10) have remained constant or declined in recent decades. Other work, however, has called into question the reported decline(11-13). Here we use global-scale atmospheric CO2 measurements, CO2 emission inventories and their full range of uncertainties to calculate changes in global CO2 sources and sinks during the past 50 years. Our mass balance analysis shows that net global carbon uptake has increased significantly by about 0.05 billion tonnes of carbon per year and that global carbon uptake doubled, from 2.4 +/- 0.8 to 5.0 +/- 0.9 billion tonnes per year, between 1960 and 2010. Therefore, it is very unlikely that both land and ocean carbon sinks have decreased on a global scale. Since 1959, approximately 350 billion tonnes of carbon have been emitted by humans to the atmosphere, of which about 55 per cent has moved into the land and oceans. Thus, identifying the mechanisms and locations responsible for increasing global carbon uptake remains a critical challenge in constraining the modern global carbon budget and predicting future carbon-climate interactions. C1 [Ballantyne, A. P.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alden, C. B.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, J. B.; Tans, P. P.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ballantyne, AP (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM apballantyne@gmail.com RI White, James/A-7845-2009; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; ALDEN, CAROLINE/0000-0002-5249-7800 FU US National Research Council; US National Science Foundation FX A.P.B. was supported by the US National Research Council and the US National Science Foundation. This manuscript benefitted from comments from J. Neff, N. Lovenduski and G. Marland. We also thank K. Masarie for performing the bootstrap calculations on the atmospheric CO2 sampling network. This work would not have been possible without the careful measurements made by scientists at NOAA ESRL and volunteer sample collectors throughout the world. NR 27 TC 153 Z9 159 U1 15 U2 277 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 2 PY 2012 VL 488 IS 7409 BP 70 EP + DI 10.1038/nature11299 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981ZE UT WOS:000307010700034 PM 22859203 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Soler, T AF Wang, Guoquan Soler, Tomas TI OPUS for Horizontal Subcentimeter-Accuracy Landslide Monitoring: Case Study in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands Region SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE OPUS; CORS; Observational accuracy; Landslide monitoring; Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands ID GPS; DURATION; KINEMATICS AB This study demonstrates the usefulness of an approach based on the Online Positioning User Service (OPUS) provided by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to process Global Positioning System (GPS) data and conduct long-term landslide monitoring in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands region. Continuous GPS data collected at a creeping landslide site during 2 years were used to evaluate different scenarios for landslide surveying: continuous or campaign, long duration or short duration, morning or afternoon (during different weather conditions). OPUS uses the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network managed by the NGS as control points and user-collected data to solve for the position of the occupied station (rover). In July 2011, there were 19 NGS CORS sites in the Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands region. This dense GPS network provided a precise and reliable reference frame for subcentimeter-accuracy landslide monitoring in this region. OPUS static solutions (OPUS-S) for sessions as short as 4 h, and OPUS rapid static solutions (OPUS-RS) for sessions as short as 15 min, can achieve subcentimeter horizontal accuracy if the collection of data during extreme weather conditions is avoided. The uncertainty (peak-to-peak error) reported by a single OPUS-S solution differs from the "true" accuracy by a factor of 1.7 for the horizontal components and 1.3 for the vertical component. The uncertainty reported by a single OPUS-RS solution differs from the accuracy by a factor of 1.4 for horizontal components, while the uncertainty of vertical component statistically agrees with the vertical accuracy. This study also indicates that rainfall events can seriously degrade the performance of high-accuracy GPS. Field GPS landslide surveying should avoid rainfall episodes when accompanied by thunderstorms and the passage of detrimental weather fronts. Once appropriate precautions are taken, the results of this investigation show that OPUS-S and OPUS-RS are ideal alternative tools for subcentimeter-accuracy landslide monitoring. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000079. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Wang, Guoquan] Univ Houston, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Dept Geosci & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wang, GQ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Natl Ctr Airborne Laser Mapping, Dept Geosci & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM gwang@uh.edu; Tom.Soler@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 FU NSF [EAR-0842314] FX The writers thank Neil Weston, Giovanni Sella, and the OPUS team at NGS for cooperation during several phases of this research. The scripts for uploading GPS files automatically to OPUS were originally written by Francisco Hernandez. We appreciate his contribution. G. W. acknowledges Robert W. King at MIT for his assistance in running GAMIT/GLOBK and Ana Vicky Sanchez at USGS for providing rainfall data at USGS weather station 50115230. Graduate student Felix O. Rivera and many geology and civil engineering undergraduates assisted in maintaining the continuous GPS monitoring station. Their hard work in the field is recognized. This study was funded by a NSF project (EAR-0842314). The two continuous GPS receivers at the landslide area were supplied by UNAVCO (http://www.unavco.org) through its Equipment Loan Program. We thank Jim Normandeau, Frederick Blume, and Charles Meertens (UNAVCO) for their technical support. The major part of this investigation was completed while G. W. was an Assistant Professor at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2012 VL 138 IS 3 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000079 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 069FQ UT WOS:000313421100006 ER PT J AU Coffman, VR Reid, ACE Langer, SA Dogan, G AF Coffman, Valerie R. Reid, Andrew C. E. Langer, Stephen A. Dogan, Gunay TI OOF3D: An image-based finite element solver for materials science SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE Meshing; Mesh refinement; Microstructures; Finite element modeling; Shape quality; Homogeneity ID MATERIAL MICROSTRUCTURES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CRACK-GROWTH; PARAMETERS; FRACTURE; SOLIDS AB Recent advances in experimental techniques (micro-CT scans, automated serial sectioning, electron back-scatter diffraction, and synchrotron radiation X-rays) have made it possible to characterize the full, three-dimensional structure of real materials. Such new experimental techniques have created a need for software tools that can model the response of these materials under various kinds of loads. OOF (Object Oriented Finite Elements) is a desktop software application for studying the relationship between the microstructure of a material and its overall mechanical, dielectric, or thermal properties using finite element models based on real or simulated micrographs. OOF provides methods for segmenting images, creating meshes of complex geometries, solving PDE's using finite element models, and visualizing 3D results. We discuss the challenges involved in implementing OOF in 3D and create a finite element mesh of trabecular bone as an illustrative example. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 [Coffman, Valerie R.; Reid, Andrew C. E.; Langer, Stephen A.; Dogan, Gunay] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coffman, Valerie R.; Langer, Stephen A.; Dogan, Gunay] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reid, Andrew C. E.] Comp Integrat & Programming Solut, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Dogan, Gunay] Theiss Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Reid, ACE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST [70NANB6H6149] FX We acknowledge the valuable contributions of Seung-III Haan, Rhonald C. Lua, R. Edwin Garcia, Craig Carter, and Ed Fuller to previous versions of OOF on which OOF3D is based. We also acknowledge NIST support for OOF3D through the grant #70NANB6H6149. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 82 IS 12 SI SI BP 2951 EP 2961 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2012.03.003 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 049IQ UT WOS:000311976400006 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Bentz, DP Davis, JM AF Snyder, Kenneth A. Bentz, Dale P. Davis, Jeffrey M. TI Using Viscosity Modifiers to Reduce Effective Diffusivity in Mortars SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Diffusion; Internal curing; Lightweight aggregate; Micro X-ray fluorescence; Mortar; Service life; Viscosifier; Viscosity ID CHLORIDE INGRESS; SERVICE LIFE; MOBILITY AB Three viscosity modifiers (a commercial shrinkage-reducing admixture, a polypropylene glycol, and a cellulose ether) are used to reduce the effective diffusivity of chloride ions through mortars during a 1-year exposure. Two delivery mechanisms were studied: (1) adding a viscosity modifier to the mix water and (2) diluting the viscosity modifier in water, prewetting fine lightweight aggregate (LWA) with the solution, and replacing a portion of the sand with the prewetted LWA, which is equivalent to the practice of using LWA for internal curing. After a 28-day curing period, the cylinders were submerged in a 1-mol/L chloride solution. After 24 and 52 weeks of exposure, micro X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to profile the radial chloride concentration under ambient air pressure. The effective diffusivity was estimated by regression, assuming ideal Fickian radial diffusion. Compared with the control mortar (no admixture, no LWA), the addition of the viscosity modifier to the mix water reduced the effective diffusivity by nearly a factor of two, and using LWA saturated with a viscosity modifier reduced the effective diffusivity by a factor greater than two. Therefore, the use of these viscosity modifiers has the potential to double the service life of any concrete that may be subjected to degradation that depends on diffusion, such as corrosion of the steel reinforcement and sulfate attack. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000524. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Snyder, Kenneth A.; Bentz, Dale P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; jeff.davis@nist.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1017 EP 1024 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000524 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 041GO UT WOS:000311387900009 ER PT J AU Sakulich, AR Bentz, DP AF Sakulich, Aaron R. Bentz, Dale P. TI Increasing the Service Life of Bridge Decks by Incorporating Phase-Change Materials to Reduce Freeze-Thaw Cycles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Bridge decks; Service life; Freeze and thaw ID CONCRETE; CONSTRUCTION; WALLS; PCM AB During a freezing event, pore solution in cementitious bodies expands and creates stresses that can cause damage; therefore, reducing the number of freeze/thaw cycles experienced by a structure will extend the structure's service life. The incorporation of phase-change materials (PCMs) to reduce the number of freeze/thaw cycles experienced by bridge decks has been investigated by modeling, mechanical testing, calorimetry, and X-ray microtomography. Models identified geographical regions in which freeze/thaw damage is not a significant concern and regions where this technology may be practical, increasing the service life of a bridge deck by at least 1 year. The incorporation of PCM reduces strength by varying amounts and for varying reasons, depending on which PCM is used and how it is introduced into the concrete. Because a variety of methods exist to address this loss in strength, PCM incorporation shows promise as a technique for addressing one aspect of worldwide infrastructure maintenance challenges. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000381. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sakulich, Aaron R.; Bentz, Dale P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sakulich, AR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM a.sakulich@gmail.com; dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Sakulich, Aaron/G-6010-2014; OI Sakulich, Aaron/0000-0002-6796-4045 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1034 EP 1042 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000381 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 041GO UT WOS:000311387900011 ER PT J AU Stierhoff, KL Neuman, M Butler, JL AF Stierhoff, Kevin L. Neuman, Melissa Butler, John L. TI On the road to extinction? Population declines of the endangered white abalone, Haliotis sorenseni SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Visual transect survey; Remotely operated vehicle; Endangered species; Allee effect ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; CRACHERODII LEACH; RECRUITMENT; GASTROPODA; MOLLUSCA; BIOLOGY; GROWTH AB In 2001, the white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) became the first marine invertebrate to be listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Low densities and recruitment failure due to Allee effects were identified as being the major threats to the species' long-term viability. Visual transect surveys conducted using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) since 2002 indicate a dramatic and continued decline in white abalone total abundance (similar to 78% decrease) and density (33-100% decrease, depending on depth and year) between 2002 and 2010 at Tanner Bank, an area of historically high abundance (>1/m(2)). An increase in the size distribution over this same time period suggests individuals in the white abalone population are growing larger (and aging) with little or no indication of adequate recruitment success. The vast majority (between 77% and 89%, depending on the year) of white abalone were observed alone, which suggests that the likelihood of reproductive success within this population remains very low. The continuing decline 30 years after the last major commercial harvest demonstrates that the strategy of benign neglect, or allowing the population to recover without intervention, has clearly failed. We recommend immediate proactive conservation through population enhancement by out-planting healthy, captive-bred white abalone in areas where populations have reached or are approaching local extinction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stierhoff, Kevin L.; Butler, John L.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Neuman, Melissa] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Stierhoff, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM kevin.stierhoff@noaa.gov RI Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013 OI Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312 NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 152 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.013 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 983AI UT WOS:000307088200006 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Shah, HA Pirkl, RJ Remley, KA Hill, DA Ladbury, J AF Holloway, Christopher L. Shah, Haider A. Pirkl, Ryan J. Remley, Kate A. Hill, David A. Ladbury, John TI Early Time Behavior in Reverberation Chambers and Its Effect on the Relationships Between Coherence Bandwidth, Chamber Decay Time, RMS Delay Spread, and the Chamber Buildup Time SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Chamber decay time; coherence bandwidth; early-time behavior; reverberation chambers (RC); rms delay spread; wireless propagation environments ID MEAN FREE PATH; WIRELESS DEVICES; CHANNEL AB Reverberation chambers are emerging as a test facility for testing wireless devices and for emulating different wireless multipath environments. The commonly used quantities for characterizing the chambers in wireless applications are 1) the chamber quality factor, 2) the chamber decay time (tau(RC)), 3) the RMS delay spread of the time-domain chamber response tau(rms), and 4) the coherence bandwidth BW of the frequency-domain transfer function of the chamber. Analytic expressions that relate tau(RC) and BW and the relationship between tau(rms) and BW are given in the literature. However, these expressions neglect the early-time behavior of the chamber (the time before a chamber reaches a reverberant condition), and hence can give inconsistent results when one is analyzing experimental data. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between BW, tau(RC), and tau(rms) for realistic chamber behaviors, and we present expressions for these relationships when one takes into account the early-time behavior of the reverberation chamber. This early-time behavior is crucial when one tries to assess and compare these different quantities in experimental data, and as we will see, the relationship between these quantities can be different for different chambers (i.e., different chamber sizes and loading conditions). The model presented here illustrates how the early-time behavior can affect these chamber characteristic quantities for loaded and unloaded chambers, and it also illustrates the problems that can occur when the early-time behavior is not considered. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.; Hill, David A.; Ladbury, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.; Hill, David A.; Ladbury, John] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet, US Dept Commerce, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov; hyder.a.shah@gmail.com; ryan.pirkl@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov; dhill@boulder.nist.gov; john.ladbury@nist.gov OI Pirkl, Ryan/0000-0001-8803-3154 NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 54 IS 4 BP 714 EP 725 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2188896 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 024YK UT WOS:000310147600001 ER PT J AU Son, S Wang, MH AF Son, SeungHyun Wang, Menghua TI Water properties in Chesapeake Bay from MODIS-Aqua measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color remote sensing; Water quality; Chesapeake Bay ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-THICKNESS; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; LEAVING RADIANCE; ATLANTIC BIGHT; CHLOROPHYLL-A; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; COASTAL; RETRIEVAL AB This study evaluates the performance of ocean color products derived from measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua using the standard near-infrared (NIR) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR)-based atmospheric correction algorithms in the Chesapeake Bay. The MODIS-Aqua-derived normalized water-leaving radiances, nL(w)(lambda), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data are compared with in situ radiometric measurements from the NASA SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) database and Chl-a data from the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Database. Results show that, using the NIR-SWIR combined ocean color data processing, improved nL(w)(lambda) and Chl-a data products can be produced in the Chesapeake Bay. However, Chl-a data are still overestimated in some Chesapeake Bay regions, in particular, in the upper bay region where waters are strongly influenced by the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration. Specifically, using the NIR-SWIR approach, mean ratios of MODIS-derived and in situ-measured nL(w)(lambda) at wavelengths of 412, 443, 488, 531, 551, and 667 nm for the Chesapeake Bay are 1.288, 1.093, 0.998, 0.946, 0.908, and 0.865, respectively, while mean Chl-a values over the region from satellite-derived and in situ-measure data are 11.14 and 10.28 mg. m(-3), respectively. Based on a strong correlation relationship between TSS and water diffuse attenuation coefficient, a regional TSS algorithm for the Chesapeake Bay has been developed and validated, with mean ratio of 1.064 between MODIS-derived and in situ-measured TSS data. Therefore, using the NIR-SWIR algorithm for MODIS-Aqua ocean color data processing, nL(w)(lambda), Chl-a, and TSS data from 2002 to 2010 for the Chesapeake Bay have been generated and used for characterizing the water properties in the region, showing strong seasonal and interannual variability, as well as important spatial variations in the region. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Son, SeungHyun; Wang, Menghua] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA; NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants; in particular, the project was partly supported by NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) funding. We are grateful to the NASA/GSFC Ocean Biology Processing Group for maintaining and distributing the NOMAD data set and the Chesapeake Bay Program for providing the water quality in situ data set. The MODS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Service website. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.009 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000015 ER PT J AU Jutla, AS Akanda, AS Islam, S AF Jutla, Antarpreet S. Akanda, Ali S. Islam, Shafiqul TI Satellite remote sensing of space-time plankton variability in the Bay of Bengal: Connections to cholera outbreaks SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Cholera; Chlorophyll; Phytoplankton; Remote sensing; SeaWIFS; Spatial and temporal; Variability; Variogram; Coastal hydrology ID TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PEARL RIVER ESTUARY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; SOIL-MOISTURE; OCEAN COLOR; CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; SPATIAL CORRELATION AB Cholera bacteria exhibit strong association with coastal plankton. Characterization of space-time variability of chlorophyll, a surrogate for plankton abundance, in the northern Bay of Bengal is an essential first step to develop any methodology for predicting cholera outbreaks in the Bengal Delta region using remote sensing. This study quantifies the space-time distribution of chlorophyll, using the data from SeaWiFS, in the Bay of Bengal region using 10 years of satellite data. Variability of chlorophyll at daily scale, irrespective of spatial averaging, resembles white noise. At a monthly scale, chlorophyll shows distinct seasonality and chlorophyll values are significantly higher close to the coast than in the offshore regions. At pixel level (9 km) on monthly scale, on the other hand, chlorophyll does not exhibit much persistence in time. With increased spatial averaging, temporal persistence of chlorophyll increases and lag 1 autocorrelation stabilizes around 0.60 for 1296 km(2) or larger areal averages. In contrast to the offshore regions, spatial analyses of chlorophyll suggest that only coastal region has a stable correlation length of 100 km. Presence (absence) of correlation length in the coastal (offshore) regions indicate that the two regions may have two separate processes controlling the production of phytoplankton. This study puts a lower limit on space-time averaging of satellite measured plankton at 1296 km(2) monthly scale to establish relationships with cholera incidence in Bengal Delta. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Islam, Shafiqul] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, WeReason Water & Environm Res Educ & Actionable S, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Jutla, Antarpreet S.] NOAA, Oceans & Human Hlth Initiat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Islam, Shafiqul] Tufts Univ, Fletcher Sch Law & Diplomacy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Islam, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, WeReason Water & Environm Res Educ & Actionable S, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM shafiqul.islam@tufts.edu FU United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1RC1TW008587-01] FX This study was supported, in part, by a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) research challenge grant (1RC1TW008587-01). NR 75 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000018 PM 22544976 ER PT J AU Nieto, K Demarcq, H McClatchie, S AF Nieto, K. Demarcq, H. McClatchie, S. TI Mesoscale frontal structures in the Canary Upwelling System: New front and filament detection algorithms applied to spatial and temporal patterns SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale; Front; Filament; Automatic detection; Satellite data; Upwelling; Canary system ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE FRONTS; EDGE-DETECTION; SST IMAGES; NORTHWEST AFRICA; ORGANIC-MATTER; NW AFRICA; SEA; COAST; REGION; OCEAN AB An improved automatic detection of mesoscale frontal activity is proposed, based on the edge detection algorithm initially presented by Cayula and Cornillon (1992). The performance and the sensitivity of their original method have been extensively tested on a very large MODIS SST data set at 1 km resolution, over the Canary Upwelling System, and compared to the results of a classic gradient based method. Its evaluation, including the companion method using a contour-following algorithm, shows that a significant part of the fronts was not detected by the earlier method despite an overall robustness. We propose here an improved implementation of the single image edge detection algorithm, from the best combination of multiple detections based on sliding windows (referred to as CMW). The results show a very significant increase of the overall performance: using a time series of 6 years (1,988 images), we observed an average increase of 140% in the edge detection and 30% improvement in the average length of the segments. Additionally, the sensitivity to the size of the detection window is lower, and the necessity of using the "following algorithm" is greatly reduced. We applied the CMW improvements to the Canary Current System, and showed frontal activity developed along the whole coast, with more intense fronts between Cape Ghir (30 degrees 30' N) and Cape Beddouza (32 degrees 30' N), and between Cape Juby (28 degrees N) and Cape Bojador (26 degrees 30' N). The highest filament activity was associated with Cape Bojador followed by Cape Ghir and Cape Blanco (21 degrees N). Considering the seasonality, two main areas were identified, north and south of Cape Juby, with marked seasonality in the fronts and filaments. No major interannual differences in frontal activity were observed in 2002-2007, except less seasonality during 2007. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Nieto, K.; McClatchie, S.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Nieto, K.; Demarcq, H.] Inst Rech Dev, Ctr Rech Halieut Mediterraneenne & Trop, F-34203 Sete, France. RP Nieto, K (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM karen.nieto@noaa.gov OI Demarcq, Herve/0000-0003-1995-1183 NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.028 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000030 ER PT J AU Norouzi, H Rossow, W Temimi, M Prigent, C Azarderakhsh, M Boukabara, S Khanbilvardi, R AF Norouzi, Hamidreza Rossow, William Temimi, Marouane Prigent, Catherine Azarderakhsh, Marzieh Boukabara, Sid Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Using microwave brightness temperature diurnal cycle to improve emissivity retrievals over land SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Emissivity; Brightness temperature; Diurnal cycle; Land; Passive microwave; Effective temperature; Vegetation; Soil moisture ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-MOISTURE; AMSR-E; SURFACE EMISSIVITIES; MODEL; WATER; ASSIMILATION; SENSITIVITY; ALGORITHMS; VEGETATION AB To retrieve microwave land emissivity, infrared surface skin temperatures have been used as surface physical temperature since there is no global information on physical vegetation/soil temperature profiles. However, passive microwave emissions originate from deeper layers with respect to the skin temperature. So, this inconsistency in sensitivity depths between skin temperatures and microwave temperatures may introduce a discrepancy in the determined emissivity. Previous studies showed that this inconsistency can lead to significant differences between day and night retrievals of land emissivity which can exceed 10%. This study proposes an approach to address this inconsistency and improve the retrieval of land emissivity using microwave observations from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). The diurnal cycle of the microwave brightness temperature (Tb) was constructed over the globe for different frequencies/polarizations using a constellation of satellites. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to evaluate the spatial variation of the Tb diurnal cycle. The diurnal amplitudes of microwave temperatures observed in desert areas were not consistent with the larger amplitudes of the diurnal cycle of skin temperature. Densely vegetated areas with more moisture have shown smaller amplitudes. A lookup table of effective temperature (T-eff) anomalies is constructed based on the Tb diurnal cycle to resolve the inconsistencies between infrared and Tb diurnal variation. This lookup table of T-eff anomalies is a weighted average over the layers contributing to the microwave signal, for each channel and month. The integration of this T-eff in the retrieval of land emissivity reduced the differences between day and night retrieved emissivities to less than 0.01 for AMSR-E observations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Norouzi, Hamidreza] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Norouzi, Hamidreza; Rossow, William; Temimi, Marouane; Azarderakhsh, Marzieh; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr CR, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Prigent, Catherine] Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Boukabara, Sid] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Norouzi, H (reprint author), CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, 300 Jay St, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM hnorouzi@citytech.cuny.edu RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162]; NASA Energy and Water Study (NEWS) [NNXD7AO90G] FX This study was partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant NA06OAR4810162, NASA Energy and Water Study (NEWS) under grant NNXD7AO90G. The authors would like to thank Leslie Moy for her valuable comments on this manuscript. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 470 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.015 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000041 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Sun, DL Yu, YY Stefanidis, A Goldberg, MD AF Zhang, Rui Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Stefanidis, Anthony Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Validation of the GOES-R ABI flood and standing water algorithm using gauging station measurements and interpretation maps SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE validation; flood detection; gauging station data; human interpretation; MODIS ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; NOAA AVHRR; CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY; INDEX; NDWI; SVM AB Validation is an important task in the development of satellite remote sensing products. Strategies for validation vary depending on the nature of the products. The validation process of the flood and standing water product (FSW) for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R series (GOES-R) is presented in this paper. A major challenge in the validation of the FSW product is the lack of ground truth flood maps and similar reference products from other satellite systems and other sources. To overcome this limitation, a two-level validation scheme for the FSW product is developed using the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data as a proxy. In the first level, gauging station data collected by the US. Geological Survey (USGS) are employed as ground truth flood point information on local scales to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for flood detection. Gauging station data collected during 34 flood cases that occurred in 2010 and 2011 in the continental US were validated and assessed according to the rate of correct detection. Results showed that 79.71% of flooding stations were accurately detected from the MODIS 1 km images by the proposed FSW algorithm. In the second level of the validation. FSW detection results using the proposed algorithm were compared to the reference flood maps, which were generated by a supervised support vector machine (SVM) classification followed by human interpretation and editing. Flood detection accuracies for three major flood events occurred in Asia and Australia in 2010 were evaluated. Confusion matrices were employed as the accuracy measurement for the second level of the validation. Commission errors for the three flood cases were 6.75%, 13.45% and 21.45%, respectively. Omission errors of flood pixels varied between 9.58% and 19.61%. The validation results suggest that the employed FSW algorithm is capable of producing flood and standing water maps in an operational environment, and it meets the required accuracy and execution time of the product. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Rui; Sun, Donglian; Stefanidis, Anthony] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), MS 6C3,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rzhang5@gmu.edu RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. This study was supported through the NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 123 BP 483 EP 495 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 016CX UT WOS:000309496000042 ER PT J AU Cooksey, GA Atencia, J Forry, SP AF Cooksey, Gregory A. Atencia, Javier Forry, Samuel P. TI Measurement and validation of cell-based assays with microfluidics at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO BIOANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is the National Metrology Institute for the USA. Our mission is to advance measurement science, standards and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life in the USA. Due to the increased need for technologies that advance biological research and the many new and exciting innovations in microfluidics, our projects are aimed at engineering well-controlled microenvironments for quantitative measurements of cell behavior in microfluidic systems. Cell-based microfluidics at NIST is a highly multidisciplinary activity and is greatly influenced by NIST programs in biochemical sciences, materials science, engineering and information technology. Although there are many microfluidic-related activities ongoing at NIST, we will focus on projects related to cell-based measurements in this article. C1 [Cooksey, Gregory A.; Atencia, Javier; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.cooksey@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU FUTURE SCI LTD PI LONDON PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1757-6180 J9 BIOANALYSIS JI Bioanalysis PD AUG PY 2012 VL 4 IS 15 BP 1849 EP 1854 DI 10.4155/BIO.12.138 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 011EH UT WOS:000309147000009 PM 22943616 ER PT J AU Gordon, JA Novotny, DR AF Gordon, Joshua A. Novotny, David R. TI Precision Alignment of Two mm-Wave Antennas Using an Improved Optical Alignment Tool SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE Alignment; electromagnetic testing; instrumentation; microwave measurements; millimeter wave measurements; THz; waveguide; imaging AB In this paper, we present an optical imaging tool, the Overlay Imaging Aligner (OIA), developed to aid in the mechanical alignment of antenna components in the mm-wave and low-THz frequency regimes (50-500 GHz). In these regimes, the millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths pose significant challenges for alignment. The OIA uses a polarization-selective, machine-vision approach to generate two simultaneous and overlaid real-time digital images along a common axis. This allows for aligning two antenna components to within fractions of a wavelength in the mm-wave and THz frequency regimes. The overall concept, optical design, function, performance characteristics, and application examples are presented. Preliminary data at specific frequencies in the WR-2.2 band are presented that compare the alignment achieved with the OIA to an electrical alignment. C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Novotny, David R.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM josh.gordon@nist.gov; david.novotny@nist.gov FU Department of Home land Security Science and Technology Directorate under IAA [HSHQDC-10-X-00452]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to thank the Department of Home land Security Science and Technology Directorate for sponsoring the production of this material, under IAA #HSHQDC-10-X-00452 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1045-9243 EI 1558-4143 J9 IEEE ANTENN PROPAG M JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 54 IS 4 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.1109/MAP.2012.6309203 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 015CO UT WOS:000309423100017 ER PT J AU Hougen, JT AF Hougen, Jon T. TI Multi-valued versus single-valued large-amplitude bending-torsional-rotational coordinate systems for simultaneously treating trans-bent and cis-bent acetylene in its S-1 state SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Acetylene; Boundary conditions; Extended permutation-inversion groups; Large amplitude motions; Multiple-valued coordinate systems; S-1 state; Trans bent and cis bent forms ID STATIONARY-POINTS; MOLECULES; SURFACE AB There are now a large number of papers in the spectroscopic literature which make use of multiple-valued (frequently double-valued) coordinate systems and the associated multiple-groups of the permutation-inversion group to deal with the symmetry properties of large-amplitude motions in molecules of high symmetry. The use of multiple-valued coordinate systems, and the resultant appearance of more minima on the potential surface than would be found on the surface for a single-valued coordinate system, can lead to conceptual confusion and questions of mathematical legitimacy. In the present paper we demonstrate that treatments using multiple-valued coordinate systems simply represent one scheme for applying the appropriate quantum mechanical boundary conditions to Schrodinger's partial differential equation defined in a single-valued coordinate system. The demonstration is not general, but rather focuses on the specific example of the S-1 electronic state of C2H2, which has local minima only for non-linear configurations, and on the twofold and eightfold extended permutation-inversion groups recently introduced to simultaneously treat symmetry questions in trans-bent and cis-bent acetylene. Some discussion of the mathematical convenience lost by using a single-valued coordinate system is also presented. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hougen, JT (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.hougen@nist.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 278 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.07.012 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 015FO UT WOS:000309432000009 ER PT J AU Oikawa, K Kattner, UR Sato, J Omori, T Jiang, M Anzai, K Ishida, K AF Oikawa, K. Kattner, U. R. Sato, J. Omori, T. Jiang, M. Anzai, K. Ishida, K. TI Experimental Determination and Thermodynamic Assessment of Phase Equilibria in the Co-Mo System SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE phase diagram; first-principles; thermodynamic; order-disorder transition; superalloys ID COMPOUND ENERGY FORMALISM; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; W-BASE ALLOYS; LATTICE STABILITIES; BASIS-SET; SEPARATION; ELEMENTS; COBALT; CO-3(AL,W); SOLUBILITY AB Phase equilibria of the solid phases including the magnetic and martensitic transformation temperatures in the Co-Mo system were investigated using two-phase alloys, the diffusion couple technique, differential scanning calorimetry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Furthermore, ab initio calculations of D0(19)-Co3Mo and several fcc-base ordered structures, including metastable compounds, were carried out to estimate the formation energy. Based on these results, a thermodynamic assessment using the CALPHAD method was performed. A four-sublattice model was used for the fcc-base phase to describe the order-disorder phase transformation. For the mu phase, both a three and a four-sublattice model were applied. The set of thermodynamic values describing the Gibbs energy of the Co-Mo system reproduces the experimental phase diagram well. The four-sublattice model for the mu phase reproduces the site fractions as well as the phase boundaries better than the three-sublattice model. The calculated metastable fcc-base phase diagram considering chemical and magnetic ordering is also reasonable. This is important for estimating the phase stability of the L1(2) phase in Co-base gamma/gamma' superalloys. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2012149] C1 [Oikawa, K.; Kattner, U. R.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Oikawa, K.; Sato, J.; Omori, T.; Jiang, M.; Anzai, K.; Ishida, K.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Met, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Oikawa, K (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8554, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Oikawa, Katsunari/C-6660-2009; Omori, Toshihiro/A-4478-2017 OI Oikawa, Katsunari/0000-0002-5269-8426; FU JSPS FX The authors wish to thank the excellent young researchers overseas visit program of JSPS for its support. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 39 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1425 EP 1435 DI 10.2320/matertrans.M2012149 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 011VR UT WOS:000309194900012 ER PT J AU Boroujerdi, AFB Lee, PA DiTullio, GR Janech, MG Vied, SB Bearden, DW AF Boroujerdi, Arezue F. B. Lee, Peter A. DiTullio, Giacomo R. Janech, Michael G. Vied, Sarah B. Bearden, Daniel W. TI Identification of isethionic acid and other small molecule metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with nuclear magnetic resonance SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th international conference on instrumental methods of analysis - modern trends and applications CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL Chania, GREECE DE Fragilariopsis cylindrus; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Metabolite profiles; Isethionic acid; Metabolomics ID TERTIARY SULFONIUM COMPOUNDS; OPEN-OCEAN PHYTOPLANKTON; MARINE-ALGAE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; DIATOM; METABOLOMICS; TERRESTRIAL; EXTRACTION; GROWTH AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to obtain metabolic profiles of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, leading to the identification of a novel metabolite in this organism. Initial results from an ongoing metabolomics study have led to the discovery of isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, CAS: 107-36-8) as a major metabolite in F. cylindrus. This compound is being produced by the organism under normal culture conditions. This finding is the first report of a diatom producing isethionic acid. In addition to isethionic acid, four other metabolites, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), betaine, homarine, and proline were present and may serve as osmoprotectants in F. cylindrus. NMR-based metabolite profiles of F. cylindrus were obtained along a growth curve of the organism. The relative concentration levels of the five metabolites were monitored over a growth period of F. cylindrus from 18 to 25 days. All showed an increase in relative concentration with time, except for proline, which began to decrease after day 21. C1 [Boroujerdi, Arezue F. B.; Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lee, Peter A.; DiTullio, Giacomo R.; Vied, Sarah B.] Coll Charleston, Hollings Marine Lab, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Janech, Michael G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med Nephrol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Bearden, DW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM dan.bearden@nist.gov OI Janech, Michael/0000-0002-3202-4811 FU National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs [ANT-0739446, ANT-0739597]; Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility FX This study has been made possible through funding from the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs (ANT-0739446 to PAL and ANT-0739597 to MGJ). We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Furthermore, the findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 404 IS 3 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6169-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 985GR UT WOS:000307251900020 PM 22772138 ER PT J AU Wurman, J Dowell, D Richardson, Y Markowski, P Rasmussen, E Burgess, D Wicker, L Bluestein, HB AF Wurman, Joshua Dowell, David Richardson, Yvette Markowski, Paul Rasmussen, Erik Burgess, Donald Wicker, Louis Bluestein, Howard B. TI THE SECOND VERIFICATION OF THE ORIGINS OF ROTATION IN TORNADOES EXPERIMENT VORTEX2 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; 2 JUNE 1995; DESCENDING REFLECTIVITY CORES; SEVERE CONVECTIVE STORMS; RESOLUTION DUAL-DOPPLER; LOW-LEVEL MESOCYCLONES; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; PART I; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS; SOUTH-DAKOTA C1 [Wurman, Joshua] Ctr Severe Weather Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dowell, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Richardson, Yvette; Markowski, Paul] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rasmussen, Erik] Rasmussen Syst, Mesa, CO USA. [Burgess, Donald] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wicker, Louis] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Wurman, J (reprint author), Ctr Severe Weather Res, 1945 Vassar Circle, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwurman@cswr.org RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0724318, ATM-0801041, ATM-0734001]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX VORTEX2 was a collaborative effort among over two dozen principal investigators, engineers, technicians, and administrators at over a dozen different institutions, including over 80 undergraduate and graduate students. The National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided the primary financial support for VORTEX2. Preparation of this manuscript and VORTEX2 logistics were supported by NSF Grants ATM-0724318 and ATM-0801041. The Doppler On Wheels are supported through NSF ATM-0734001. NR 130 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1147 EP 1170 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00010.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 009WI UT WOS:000309055700004 ER PT J AU McClintock, BT King, R Thomas, L Matthiopoulos, J McConnell, BJ Morales, JM AF McClintock, Brett T. King, Ruth Thomas, Len Matthiopoulos, Jason McConnell, Bernie J. Morales, Juan M. TI A general discrete-time modeling framework for animal movement using multistate random walks SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE animal location data; Bayesian model selection; biased correlated random walk; grey seal; Halichoerus grypus; movement model; North Sea; reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo; state-space model; switching behavior; telemetry ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; TELEMETRY DATA; BAYESIAN-INFERENCE; GREY SEALS; ECOLOGY; DIFFUSION; GPS; LANDSCAPES; MIGRATION AB Recent developments in animal tracking technology have permitted the collection of detailed data on the movement paths of individuals from many species. However, analysis methods for these data have not developed at a similar pace, largely due to a lack of suitable candidate models, coupled with the technical difficulties of fitting such models to data. To facilitate a general modeling framework, we propose that complex movement paths can be conceived as a series of movement strategies among which animals transition as they are affected by changes in their internal and external environment. We synthesize previously existing and novel methodologies to develop a general suite of mechanistic models based on biased and correlated random walks that allow different behavioral states for directed (e.g., migration), exploratory (e.g., dispersal), area-restricted (e.g., foraging), and other types of movement. Using this "toolbox'' of nested model components, multistate movement models may be custom-built for a wide variety of species and applications. As a unified state-space modeling framework, it allows the simultaneous investigation of numerous hypotheses about animal movement from imperfectly observed data, including time allocations to different movement behavior states, transitions between states, the use of memory or navigation, and strengths of attraction (or repulsion) to specific locations. The inclusion of covariate information permits further investigation of specific hypotheses related to factors driving different types of movement behavior. Using reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to facilitate Bayesian model selection and multi-model inference, we apply the proposed methodology to real data by adapting it to the natural history of the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) in the North Sea. Although previous grey seal studies tended to focus on correlated movements, we found overwhelming evidence that bias toward haul-out or foraging locations better explained seal movement than did simple or correlated random walks. Posterior model probabilities also provided evidence that seals transition among directed, area-restricted, and exploratory movements associated with haul-out, foraging, and other behaviors. With this intuitive framework for modeling and interpreting animal movement, we believe that the development and application of custom-made movement models will become more accessible to ecologists and non-statisticians. C1 [McClintock, Brett T.; King, Ruth; Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [McClintock, Brett T.; King, Ruth; Thomas, Len] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Matthiopoulos, Jason; McConnell, Bernie J.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sch Biol, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Morales, Juan M.] Univ Nacl Comahue, INIBIOMA CONICET, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. RP McClintock, BT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM brett.mcclintock@noaa.gov RI Matthiopoulos, Jason/N-9808-2013; Morales, Juan/B-6316-2009; OI Morales, Juan/0000-0001-7269-7490; Thomas, Len/0000-0002-7436-067X FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC reference) [EP/F069766/1] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC reference EP/F069766/1). Hawthorne Beyer, Roland Langrock, Tiago Marques, Lorenzo Milazzo, and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 55 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 118 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 82 IS 3 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1890/11-0326.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 999YN UT WOS:000308351800004 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Mace, GG Marchand, R Shupe, MD Hallar, AG McCubbin, IB AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Mace, Gerald G. Marchand, Roger Shupe, Matthew D. Hallar, Anna G. McCubbin, Ian B. TI Observations of Ice Crystal Habits with a Scanning Polarimetric W-Band Radar at Slant Linear Depolarization Ratio Mode SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; CLOUD RADAR; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTERING; APPROXIMATION; HYDROMETEORS; SNOWFLAKES; PARAMETERS AB Scanning polarimetric W-band radar data were evaluated for the purpose of identifying predominant ice hydrometeor habits. Radar and accompanying cloud microphysical measurements were conducted during the Storm Peak Laboratory Cloud Property Validation Experiment held in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, during the winter season of 2010/11. The observed ice hydrometeor habits ranged from pristine and rimed dendrites/stellars to aggregates, irregulars, graupel, columns, plates, and particle mixtures. The slant 45 degrees linear depolarization ratio (SLDR) trends as a function of the radar elevation angle are indicative of the predominant hydrometeor habit/shape. For planar particles, SLDR values increase from values close to the radar polarization cross coupling of about -21.8 dB at zenith viewing to maximum values at slant viewing. These maximum values depend on predominant aspect ratio and bulk density of hydrometeors and also show some sensitivity to particle characteristic size. The highest observed SLDRs were around -8 dB for pristine dendrites. Unlike planar-type hydrometeors, columnar-type particles did not exhibit pronounced depolarization trends as a function of viewing direction. A difference in measured SLDR values between zenith and slant viewing can be used to infer predominant aspect ratios of planar hydrometeors if an assumption about their bulk density is made. For columnar hydrometeors, SLDR offsets from the cross-coupling value are indicative of aspect ratios. Experimental data were analyzed for a number of events with prevalence of planar-type hydrometeors and also for observations when columnar particles were the dominant species. A relatively simple spheroidal model and accompanying T-matrix calculations were able to approximate most radar depolarization changes with viewing angle observed for different hydrometeor types. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Marchand, Roger] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hallar, Anna G.; McCubbin, Ian B.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Hallar, Anna G.; McCubbin, Ian B.] Storm Peak Lab, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov RI Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy FX The Storm VEx campaign and all measurements included in this study were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. This campaign was a success because of extraordinary support from the AMF2 staff and managers, the SPL permanent and local volunteer staff, the Steamboat Ski and Resort Corporation, the U.S. Forest Service, the Grand Junction National Weather Service Office, the ARM radar engineers (Kevin Widener and Nitin Bharadwaj), and a team of graduates students (Betsy Berry, Stewart Evans, Ben Hillman, Will Mace, Clint Schmidt, Carolyn Stwertka, Adam Varble, and Christy Wall). NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 29 IS 8 BP 989 EP 1008 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00131.1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994BQ UT WOS:000307906300001 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Wicker, LJ Shapiro, A AF Potvin, Corey K. Wicker, Louis J. Shapiro, Alan TI Assessing Errors in Variational Dual-Doppler Wind Syntheses of Supercell Thunderstorms Observed by Storm-Scale Mobile Radars SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARIABLE ADVECTION CORRECTION; SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; PART II; TEXAS; EVOLUTION; FIELDS; VORTEX; MAINTENANCE; MICROBURST; TORNADO AB Dual-Doppler wind retrieval is an invaluable tool in the study of convective storms. However, the nature of the errors in the retrieved three-dimensional wind estimates and subsequent dynamical analyses is not precisely known, making it difficult to assign confidence to inferred storm behavior. Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework, this study characterizes these errors for a supercell thunderstorm observed at close range by two Doppler radars. Synthetic radar observations generated from a high-resolution numerical supercell simulation are input to a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D VAR) dual-Doppler wind retrieval technique. The sensitivity of the analyzed kinematics and dynamics to the dual-Doppler retrieval settings, hydrometeor fall speed parameterization errors, and radar cross-beam angle and scanning strategy is examined. Imposing the commonly adopted assumptions of spatially constant storm motion and intrinsically steady flow produces large errors at higher altitudes. On the other hand, reasonably accurate analyses are obtained at lower and middle levels, even when the majority of the storm lies outside the 30 dual-Doppler lobe. Low-level parcel trajectories initiated around the main updraft and rear-flank downdraft are generally qualitatively accurate, as are time series of circulation computed around material circuits. Omitting upper-level radar observations to reduce volume scan times does not substantially degrade the lower- and middle-level analyses, which implies that shallower scanning strategies should enable an improved retrieval of supercell dynamics. The results suggest that inferences about supercell behavior based on qualitative features in 3D VAR dual-Doppler and subsequent dynamical retrievals may generally be reliable. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory FX The first author was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory. We thank Conrad Ziegler for his helpful review of a preliminary draft of this manuscript. We are also grateful to Yvette Richardson and two anonymous reviewers for their help in further improving the paper. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1025 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00177.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994BQ UT WOS:000307906300002 ER PT J AU Ge, GQ Gao, JD Xue, M AF Ge, Guoqing Gao, Jidong Xue, Ming TI Diagnostic Pressure Equation as a Weak Constraint in a Storm-Scale Three-Dimensional Variational Radar Data Assimilation System SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; WATER-VAPOR OBSERVATIONS; MODEL INITIAL FIELDS; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II; RECURSIVE FILTERS AB A diagnostic pressure equation is incorporated into a storm-scale three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D VAR) system in the form of a weak constraint in addition to a mass continuity equation constraint (MCEC). The goal of this diagnostic pressure equation constraint (DPEC) is to couple different model variables to help build a more dynamic consistent analysis, and therefore improve the data assimilation results and subsequent forecasts. Observational System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are first performed to examine the impact of the pressure equation constraint on storm-scale radar data assimilation using an idealized tornadic thunderstorm simulation. The impact of MCEC is also investigated relative to that of DPEC. It is shown that DPEC can improve the data assimilation results slightly after a given period of data assimilation. Including both DPEC and MCEC yields the best data assimilation results. Sensitivity tests show that MCEC is not very sensitive to the choice of its weighting coefficients in the cost function, while DPEC is more sensitive and its weight should be carefully chosen. The updated 3DVAR system with DPEC is further applied to the 5 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, tornadic supercell storm case assimilating real radar data. It is shown that the use of DPEC can speed up the spinup of precipitation during the intermittent data assimilation process and also improve the follow-on forecast in terms of the general evolution of storm cells and mesocyclone rotation near the time of observed tornado. C1 [Gao, Jidong] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ge, Guoqing; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gao, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Ge, Guoqing/J-3067-2015 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Ge, Guoqing/0000-0002-9934-0608 FU NSF [ATM-0331756, ATM-0738370, ATM0530814, AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171]; NOAA's FX This work was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0331756, ATM-0738370, NSF ATM0530814, NSF AGS-0802888, and NOAA's Warn-onForecast Project. The third author was also supported by NSF OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, and AGS-1046171. Robin Tanamachi kindly provided the manually dealiased radial velocity dataset of the Dodge City, Kansas (KDDC) radar. Computations were performed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) and Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Research and Education (OSCER). We appreciate three anonymous reviewers for their very thoughtful comments, which helped significantly improve the quality of this paper from its original form. NR 59 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1092 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00201.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994BQ UT WOS:000307906300007 ER PT J AU Lang, BE AF Lang, Brian E. TI Solubility of Water in Octan-1-ol from (275 to 369) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article AB The solubility of water in octan-1-ol was measured from 275.15 K to 369.15 K by coulometric Karl Fischer titration. The mass fraction solubility, s(c), at 298.15 K was found to be (48.91 +/- 0.13) mg.g(-1). Experiments indicated the existence of a pseudoequilibrium state when there was a significant difference in the temperature of the liquid and the headspace gas. The density of water-saturated octanol (WSO) was measured from 288.15 K to 318.15 K. The density at 298.15 K was determined to be (831.7 +/- 1.7) kg.m(-3) with a change in density of 0.6 kg.m(-3).K-1. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lang, BE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lang@nist.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2221 EP 2226 DI 10.1021/je3001427 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 985KT UT WOS:000307264200020 ER PT J AU Bruno, TJ Fortin, TJ Lovestead, TM Widegren, JA AF Bruno, Thomas J. Fortin, Tara J. Lovestead, Tara M. Widegren, Jason A. TI Chemical and Thermophysical Characterization of 1,3,5-Triisopropylcyclohexane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; TAFT SOLVATOCHROMIC PARAMETERS; SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIP; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; FUEL; SOLVENTS AB The complex nature of finished fuels makes definitive studies on composition and combustion properties very difficult and uncertain. This has led to the adoption of fuel surrogate mixtures in such studies. The development of a surrogate mixture is itself a nontrivial process, and a surrogate mixture is often developed specifically for a given purpose. Often, thermophysical property surrogate mixtures cannot be used for examination of combustion properties, and vice versa. Surrogates range in complexity from a single component to complex mixtures containing 20 or more components. A recent study on surrogate mixture development for diesel fuel used state-of-the-art techniques of C-13 and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the advanced distillation curve to characterize fuel composition and volatility, respectively. This work indicated the need for a multiply substituted, low cetane number, high molecular mass monocycloalkane surrogate mixture component. The addition of 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane as a palette component was chosen to serve this need. Before this component can be used in any modeling or experimental effort, we first require some basic chemical and thermophysical properties. In this paper, we present chemical characterization results from gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, C-13 NMR spectrometry, isothermal Kovats' retention indices at (150 to 225) degrees C (on 5 % phenyl-95 %-dimethyl polysiloxane), and refractive indices at (20, 25, and 30) degrees C. We also present ambient pressure thermophysical property measurements: density, speed of sound, and derived adiabatic compressibility from (5 to 70) degrees C and kinematic viscosity from (20 to 100) degrees C. These properties and characterization parameters are critical to the successful application of 1,3,5-triisopropylcyclohexane in experimental and modeling studies of surrogate diesel fuels. C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Fortin, Tara J.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Widegren, Jason A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Coordinating Research Council, Alpharetta, GA FX The financial support of the Coordinating Research Council, Alpharetta, GA, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD AUG PY 2012 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2343 EP 2349 DI 10.1021/je3005479 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 985KT UT WOS:000307264200040 ER PT J AU Kaplan, ML Vellore, RK Marzette, PJ Lewis, JM AF Kaplan, Michael L. Vellore, Ramesh K. Marzette, Phillip J. Lewis, John M. TI The Role of Windward-Side Diabatic Heating in Sierra Nevada Spillover Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; PART I; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; TORNADO OUTBREAK; MOIST DYNAMICS; MOUNTAIN WAVES; SOUTHERN ALPS AB This study focuses on the meso-alpha- and meso-beta-scale manifestations of the latent-heat-induced reduction of windward-side blocking to two flood-producing precipitation events on the leeside of the Sierra Nevada. Two simulations were performed-one employing full microphysics [control (CTRL)] and a second in which the latent heating terms are turned off in the microphysics [no latent heating (NLH)]. The differences between the CTRL and NLH are consistent with upstream latent heating-the moist, divergent, and ascending flow dominates the leeside of the mountain range in the CTRL producing copious spillover precipitation while dry high-momentum/downslope-descending flow dominates the NLH simulation on the leeside. A comprehensive sequence of events for spillover precipitation is formulated as follows: 1) Ascent within the exit region of a polar jet streak develops in response to velocity divergence aloft. 2) This ascent phases with ascent from the windward-side flow to create a mesoscale region of heavy upslope precipitation. 3) The latent heat release from the upslope precipitation reduces the upstream static stability and blocking. 4) A mesoscale ridge in the thickness field builds in the upper troposphere and induces subgeostrophic flow in the jet's exit region above the mountain range. 5) Adjustments to this ridge result in a cross-mountain midlevel jet that facilitates a river of midlevel moisture advected over to the leeside. 6) Stretching of moist isentropic surfaces in proximity to the plume of moisture fluxes causes destabilization on the leeside and formation of a leeside mesolow. 7) Boundary layer air accelerates into the leeside mesolow to form a mountain-parallel low-level flow. C1 [Kaplan, Michael L.; Lewis, John M.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Vellore, Ramesh K.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Marzette, Phillip J.] Raytheon Polar Serv Co, Centennial, CO USA. [Lewis, John M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Kaplan, ML (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM mike.kaplan@dri.edu FU National Science Foundation [0447416]; UCAR/COMET [S06-58387]; DoD/Army [N61339-04-C-0072]; DRI/IPA FX This work supported by the National Science Foundation Grant 0447416 and UCAR/COMET Grant S06-58387, DoD/Army Grant N61339-04-C-0072, and a DRI/IPA Grant. We would also like to thank Jim Wallmann and Rhett Milne of the Reno Forecast Office of the National Weather Service for their collaboration in this work. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which significantly improved the initial manuscript. The author Ramesh Vellore thanks R. Krishnan of the Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, for his enthusiastic suggestions. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1172 EP 1194 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-06.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994BS UT WOS:000307906500002 ER PT J AU Hobbins, M Wood, A Streubel, D Werner, K AF Hobbins, Michael Wood, Andrew Streubel, David Werner, Kevin TI What Drives the Variability of Evaporative Demand across the Conterminous United States? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAN EVAPORATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CLIMATE AB To understand the sources of temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric evaporative demand across the conterminous United States (CONUS), a mean-value, second-moment uncertainty analysis is applied to a spatially distributed dataset of daily synthetic pan evaporation for 1980-2009. This evaporative demand measure is from the "PenPan" model, which is a combination equation calibrated to mimic observations from U.S. class-A evaporation pans and here driven by six North American Land Data Assimilation System variables: temperature, specific humidity, station pressure, wind speed, and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation. The variability of evaporative demand is decomposed across various time scales into contributions from these drivers. Contrary to popular expectation and much hydrologic practice, temperature is not always the most significant driver of temporal variability in evaporative demand, particularly at subannual time scales. Instead, depending on the season, one of four drivers (temperature, specific humidity, downwelling shortwave radiation, and wind speed) dominates across different regions of CONUS. Temperature generally dominates in the northern continental interior. This analysis assists land surface modelers in balancing parameter parsimony and physical representativeness. Patterns of dominant drivers are shown to cycle seasonally, with clear implications for modeling evaporative demand in operational hydrology or as a metric of climate change and variability. Depending on the region and season, temperature, specific humidity, downwelling shortwave radiation, and wind speed must together be examined, with downwelling longwave radiation as a secondary input. If any variable may be ignored, it is atmospheric pressure. Parameterizations of evaporative demand based solely on temperature should be avoided at all time scales. C1 [Hobbins, Michael; Wood, Andrew; Werner, Kevin] NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, NWS, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. [Streubel, David] NOAA, Alaska Pacific River Forecast Ctr, NWS, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Hobbins, M (reprint author), NOAA, Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, NWS, 2242 W N Temple, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. EM mike.hobbins@noaa.gov RI Hobbins, Mike/N-4630-2014 OI Hobbins, Mike/0000-0001-5789-5229 FU NOAA TRACS program [GC09-505] FX This work was supported at the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center by funding from NOAA TRACS program Grant GC09-505. The authors gratefully acknowledge the staff at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Environmental Modeling Center for their assistance with the NLDAS data, which were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The manuscript benefitted significantly from the comments of Mike Roderick and two anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1214 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0101.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994BS UT WOS:000307906500003 ER PT J AU Kirstetter, PE Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Chen, S Flamig, Z Zhang, J Schwaller, M Petersen, W Amitai, E AF Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel Hong, Y. Gourley, J. J. Chen, S. Flamig, Z. Zhang, J. Schwaller, M. Petersen, W. Amitai, E. TI Toward a Framework for Systematic Error Modeling of Spaceborne Precipitation Radar with NOAA/NSSL Ground Radar Based National Mosaic QPE SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; SATELLITE; VALIDATION; AFRICA AB Characterization of the error associated with satellite rainfall estimates is a necessary component of deterministic and probabilistic frameworks involving spaceborne passive and active microwave measurements for applications ranging from water budget studies to forecasting natural hazards related to extreme rainfall events. The authors focus here on the error structure of NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) at ground. The problem is addressed by comparison of PR QPEs with reference values derived from ground-based measurements using NOAA/NSSL ground radar based National Mosaic and QPE system (NMQ/Q2). A preliminary investigation of this subject has been carried out at the PR estimation scale (instantaneous and 5 km) using a 3-month data sample in the southern part of the United States. The primary contribution of this study is the presentation of the detailed steps required to derive a trustworthy reference rainfall dataset from Q2 at the PR pixel resolution. It relies on a bias correction and a radar quality index, both of which provide a basis to filter out the less trustworthy Q2 values. Several aspects of PR errors are revealed and quantified including sensitivity to the processing steps with the reference rainfall, comparisons of rainfall delectability and rainfall-rate distributions, spatial representativeness of error, and separation of systematic biases and random errors. The methodology and framework developed herein applies more generally to rainfall-rate estimates from other sensors on board low-earth-orbiting satellites such as microwave imagers and dual-wavelength radars such as with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. C1 [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Y.; Chen, S.] Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Hong, Y.; Chen, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel; Gourley, J. J.; Flamig, Z.; Zhang, J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Flamig, Z.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Schwaller, M.; Amitai, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petersen, W.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Amitai, E.] Chapman Univ, Orange, CA USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Ground Validation Management FX We are very much indebted to the team responsible for the NMQ/Q2 products, especially Carrie Langston. We want to thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments were very useful for improving the manuscript. This work was funded by a postdoctoral grant from the NASA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Ground Validation Management. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1300 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0139.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 994BS UT WOS:000307906500008 ER PT J AU Kimes, WA Moore, EF Maslar, JE AF Kimes, W. A. Moore, E. F. Maslar, J. E. TI Perpendicular-flow, single-wafer atomic layer deposition reactor chamber design for use with in situ diagnostics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SI(100) SURFACES; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; METAL; TIN; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTION; MECHANISM; DENSITY AB A description is given of the design and performance of a diagnostic-accessible, perpendicular-flow, single-wafer deposition reactor for use with 50 mm wafers. The reactor chamber design is based on a simple flow tube, with diagnostic access achieved by replacing sections of the reactor chamber wall with recessed diagnostic ports. Reactor chamber performance is evaluated for the purpose of performing optical measurements during atomic layer deposition (ALD). Computational fluid dynamics simulations predict that the when used with windows the diagnostic port design produces minimal perturbations to the gas flow under typical deposition conditions, as compared to a design without diagnostic ports. Temperature measurements of the inside surface of a window installed in a diagnostic port suggest that for reactor chamber operation at 110 degrees C, under typical deposition conditions, the inside surface window temperature is approximately equal to or greater than the surrounding reactor chamber temperature, thereby minimizing possible species condensation on the window surface. As a consequence of using recessed diagnostic ports, an increase in the amplitude of optical intensity fluctuations was generally observed when performing measurements at elevated chamber temperatures. These intensity fluctuations could be readily reduced by enclosing the optical path to the exterior side of the windows. The performance of two straight-forward methods to reduce these intensity fluctuations is presented. The results outlined above demonstrate that this reactor design can be operated with short gas residence times and with all reactor surfaces at elevated temperatures, making it useful for simulating a wide range of gas flow conditions with relevance to microelectronics-related ALD processes. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742991] C1 [Kimes, W. A.; Moore, E. F.; Maslar, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kimes, WA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 83 IS 8 AR 083106 DI 10.1063/1.4742991 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 000RU UT WOS:000308406500007 PM 22938273 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, A Muniz, SR Wright, KC Anderson, RP Phillips, WD Helmerson, K Campbell, GK AF Ramanathan, Anand Muniz, Sergio R. Wright, Kevin C. Anderson, Russell P. Phillips, William D. Helmerson, Kristian Campbell, Gretchen K. TI Partial-transfer absorption imaging: A versatile technique for optimal imaging of ultracold gases SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; ATOMS; PHYSICS; SYSTEM AB Partial-transfer absorption imaging is a tool that enables optimal imaging of atomic clouds for a wide range of optical depths. In contrast to standard absorption imaging, the technique can be minimally destructive and can be used to obtain multiple successive images of the same sample. The technique involves transferring a small fraction of the sample from an initial internal atomic state to an auxiliary state and subsequently imaging that fraction absorptively on a cycling transition. The atoms remaining in the initial state are essentially unaffected. We demonstrate the technique, discuss its applicability, and compare its performance as a minimally destructive technique to that of phase-contrast imaging. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4747163] C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ramanathan, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Mail Code 694, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gretchen.campbell@nist.gov RI Anderson, Russell/H-1167-2011; Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Muniz, Sergio/G-6426-2012; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Wright, Kevin/N-3207-2013; OI Anderson, Russell/0000-0002-4495-7926; Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Muniz, Sergio/0000-0002-8753-4659; Wright, Kevin/0000-0001-6202-1737; Ramanathan, Anand/0000-0002-1865-0904 FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF PFC at JQI FX We would like to thank S. L. Rolston and W. T. Hill for helpful discussions, and R. B. Blakestad for a careful reading of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF PFC at JQI. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 83 IS 8 AR 083119 DI 10.1063/1.4747163 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 000RU UT WOS:000308406500020 PM 22938286 ER PT J AU Weber, JC Schlager, JB Sanford, NA Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Mansfield, LM Coakley, KJ Bertness, KA Kabos, P Bright, VM AF Weber, J. C. Schlager, J. B. Sanford, N. A. Imtiaz, A. Wallis, T. M. Mansfield, L. M. Coakley, K. J. Bertness, K. A. Kabos, P. Bright, V. M. TI A near-field scanning microwave microscope for characterization of inhomogeneous photovoltaics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; FORCE MICROSCOPE; TUNING FORK; PROBE; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION AB We present a near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) that has been configured for imaging photovoltaic samples. Our system incorporates a Pt-Ir tip inserted into an open-ended coaxial cable to form a weakly coupled resonator, allowing the microwave reflection S-11 signal to be measured across a sample over a frequency range of 1 GHz - 5 GHz. A phase-tuning circuit increased impedance-measurement sensitivity by allowing for tuning of the S-11 minimum down to -78 dBm. A bias-T and preamplifier enabled simultaneous, non-contact measurement of the DC tip-sample current, and a tuning fork feedback system provided simultaneous topographic data. Light-free tuning fork feedback provided characterization of photovoltaic samples both in the dark and under illumination at 405 nm. NSMM measurements were obtained on an inhomogeneous, third-generation Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) sample. The S-11 and DC current features were found to spatially broaden around grain boundaries with the sample under illumination. The broadening is attributed to optically generated charge that becomes trapped and changes the local depletion of the grain boundaries, thereby modifying the local capacitance. Imaging provided by the NSMM offers a new RF methodology to resolve and characterize nanoscale electrical features in photovoltaic materials and devices. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4740513] C1 [Weber, J. C.; Schlager, J. B.; Sanford, N. A.; Imtiaz, A.; Wallis, T. M.; Coakley, K. J.; Bertness, K. A.; Kabos, P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weber, J. C.; Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mansfield, L. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kabos, P (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM pavel.kabos@nist.gov; victor.bright@colorado.edu NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 83 IS 8 AR 083702 DI 10.1063/1.4740513 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 000RU UT WOS:000308406500032 PM 22938298 ER PT J AU Bajpai, R Motayed, A Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Aluri, GS Bertness, KA Rao, MV Zaghloul, ME AF Bajpai, Ritu Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Aluri, Geetha S. Bertness, Kris A. Rao, Mulpuri V. Zaghloul, Mona E. TI UV-assisted alcohol sensing using SnO2 functionalized GaN nanowire devices SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Alcohol sensor; GaN nanowire; Photoconductivity; Semiconducting metal oxide ID TIN OXIDE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS; ZINC-OXIDE; SENSORS; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE; SENSITIVITY; SIZE; MECHANISMS AB A chemiresistor type sensor for selective alcohol sensing has been realized from gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) functionalized with sputter-deposited tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles. Two-terminal devices were fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques with the individual NWs air-bridged between the two metal contact pads. Through a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron-backscatter-diffraction (EBSD), and TEM/STEM techniques, we confirmed the presence of rutile SnO2 nanocrystals on the GaN surface. A change in device current is observed when the device is exposed to alcohol vapors (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) at room temperature under 215-400 nm UV illumination with 3.75 mW/m(2) intensity at 365 nm wavelength. The sensor reproducibly responded to a wide range of alcohol vapor concentrations, from 5000 mu mol/mol (ppm) down to 1 mu mol/mol (ppm) in air. Notably, the devices show low sensitivity to acetone and hexane, which allows them to selectively detect the primary alcohol vapors mixed with these two common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The sensor response was not observed without UV excitation. From the experimental results we found a relationship between the response towards the alcohol vapors and the length of carbon chain in the molecule: the chemiresistive response decreases with the increasing carbon chain from methanol to n-butanol. In addition, we observed that the isomeric branching in i-propanol and i-butanol caused reduced response as compared to n-propanol and n-butanol, respectively. We have qualitatively explained the sensor operation by employing a mechanism, which includes oxidation of analyte molecules on the SnO2 surface, leading to enhanced photoconductivity in GaN nanowire. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bajpai, Ritu; Zaghloul, Mona E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bajpai, Ritu; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Aluri, Geetha S.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aluri, Geetha S.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814] FX Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. VPO gratefully acknowledges the support from the NIST under contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814. Authors would like to thank Dr. Sergiy Krylyuk of NIST for useful inputs and comments. NR 51 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD AUG-SEP PY 2012 VL 171 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2012.05.018 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 002XQ UT WOS:000308572700063 ER PT J AU Liu, L Hong, Y Hocker, JE Shafer, MA Carter, LM Gourley, JJ Bednarczyk, CN Yong, B Adhikari, P AF Liu, Lu Hong, Yang Hocker, James E. Shafer, Mark A. Carter, Lynne M. Gourley, Jonathan J. Bednarczyk, Christopher N. Yong, Bin Adhikari, Pradeep TI Analyzing projected changes and trends of temperature and precipitation in the southern USA from 16 downscaled global climate models SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SATELLITE AB This study aims to examine how future climate, temperature and precipitation specifically, are expected to change under the A2, A1B, and B1 emission scenarios over the six states that make up the Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program (SCIPP): Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Mississippi. SCIPP is a member of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-funded Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments network, a program which aims to better connect climate-related scientific research with in-the-field decision-making processes. The results of the study found that the average temperature over the study area is anticipated to increase by 1.7A degrees C to 2.4A degrees C in the twenty-first century based on the different emission scenarios with a rate of change that is more pronounced during the second half of the century. Summer and fall seasons are projected to have more significant temperature increases, while the northwestern portions of the region are projected to experience more significant increases than the Gulf coast region. Precipitation projections, conversely, do not exhibit a discernible upward or downward trend. Late twenty-first century exhibits slightly more precipitation than the early century, based on the A1B and B1 scenario, and fall and winter are projected to become wetter than the late twentieth century as a whole. Climate changes on the city level show that greater warming will happened in inland cities such as Oklahoma City and El Paso, and heavier precipitation in Nashville. These changes have profound implications for local water resources management as well as broader regional decision making. These results represent an initial phase of a broader study that is being undertaken to assist SCIPP regional and local water planning efforts in an effort to more closely link climate modeling to longer-term water resources management and to continue assessing climate change impacts on regional hazards management in the South. C1 [Liu, Lu; Hong, Yang; Bednarczyk, Christopher N.; Yong, Bin; Adhikari, Pradeep] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr ARRC, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Liu, Lu; Hocker, James E.; Shafer, Mark A.] Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climate Survey, So Climate Impacts Planning Program, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Carter, Lynne M.] Louisiana State Univ, So Climate Impacts Planning Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr ARRC, 120 David L Boren Blvd,4610 Suite, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Liu, Lu/J-4551-2015; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Liu, Lu/0000-0002-4939-5432; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Adhikari, Pradeep/0000-0003-2218-4376 FU Southern Climate Information Planning Program (SCIPP) FX This research is funded by the Southern Climate Information Planning Program (SCIPP; http://www.southernclimate.org). We thank the National Weather Center for computing resources and acknowledge our colleagues in Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Lab (http://hydro.ou.edu) for their technical support. In addition, we acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 345 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0567-9 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985DP UT WOS:000307243900003 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Yi, CX AF Wang, Weiguo Yi, Chuixiang TI A new nonlinear analytical model for canopy flow over a forested hill SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NEUTRAL TURBULENT-FLOW; WIND PROFILES; PLANT CANOPIES; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DENSE CANOPIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CO2 ADVECTION AB A new nonlinear analytical model for canopy flow over gentle hills is presented. This model is established based on the assumption that three major forces (pressure gradient, Reynolds stress gradient, and nonlinear canopy drag) within canopy are in balance for gentle hills under neutral conditions. The momentum governing equation is closed by the velocity-squared law. This new model has many advantages over the model developed by Finnigan and Belcher (Quart J Roy Meteorol Soc 130: 1-29 2004, hereafter referred to as FB04) in predicting canopy wind velocity profiles in forested hills in that: (1) predictions from the new model are more realistic because surface drag effects can be taken into account by boundary conditions, while surface drag effects cannot be accounted for in the algebraic equation used in the lower canopy layer in the FB04 model; (2) the mixing length theory is not necessarily used because it leads to a theoretical inconsistency that a constant mixing length assumption leads to a nonconstant mixing length prediction as in the FB04 model; and (3) the effects of height-dependent leaf area density (a(z)) and drag coefficient (C (d) ) on wind velocity can be predicted, while both a(z) and C (d) must be treated as constants in FB04 model. The nonlinear algebraic equation for momentum transfer in the lower part of canopy used in FB04 model is height independent, actually serving as a bottom boundary condition for the linear differential momentum equation in the upper canopy layer. The predicting ability of the FB04 model is largely restricted by using the height-independent algebraic equation in the bottom canopy layer. This study has demonstrated the success of using the velocity-squared law as a closure scheme for momentum transfer in forested hills in comparison with the mixing length theory used in FB04 model thus enhancing the predicting ability of canopy flows, keeping the theory consistent and simple, and shining a new light into land-surface parameterization schemes in numerical weather and climate models. C1 [Yi, Chuixiang] CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Wang, Weiguo] NOAA, IMSG EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yi, CX (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM cyi@qc.cuny.edu RI Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0930015]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039] FX This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. ATM-0930015. The first author is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 41075039. The authors thank Drs. Ian Harman and John Finnigan from CSIRO for help with the calculation of wind field using the FB04 model. The authors also thank Christine Ramadhin for valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 549 EP 563 DI 10.1007/s00704-012-0599-9 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985DP UT WOS:000307243900018 ER PT J AU Artuso, RD Bryant, GW AF Artuso, R. D. Bryant, G. W. TI Hybrid Quantum Dot-Metal Nanoparticle Systems: Connecting the Dots SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WELCOME Scientific Meeting on Hybrid Nanostructures CY AUG 28-31, 2011 CL Torun, POLAND SP Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys AB Hybrid molecules formed by coupling semiconductor quantum dots to metal nanoparticle nanoantennas provide a new paradigm for directed nanoscale transfer of quantum information. To assess this possibility, we study theoretically the response of these hybrid molecules to applied optical fields. Quantum-coherent time-evolution of the semiconductor quantum dots in the hybrid molecule is found by solving the semiconductor quantum dot density matrix equations. We study hybrid molecules in the weak and strong coupling regimes. In strongly driven, strongly dipole-coupled semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle hybrids with spherical metal nanoparticles, interference, dispersion near resonance and self interaction define the metal nanoparticle/semiconductor quantum dot coupling and lead to the Fano resonances, exciton induced transparency, suppressed semiconductor quantum dot response and bistability. More complicated response can be tailored by using metal nanoparticle shape and the placement of semiconductor quantum dots to control the local near-fields that couple the metal nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots. We describe how coupling to metal nanoparticle dark modes and higher order multipolar modes impact interference and self-interaction effects. The physics of the metal nanoparticle/semiconductor quantum dot coupling is outlined. C1 [Bryant, G. W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, G. W.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Artuso, R. D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Artuso, R. D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 EI 1898-794X J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD AUG PY 2012 VL 122 IS 2 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 001IM UT WOS:000308453900011 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Acoustic-gravity waves in atmospheric and oceanic waveguides SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-MODE PROPAGATION; MOVING FLUID; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; GROUP-VELOCITY; SOUND; RECIPROCITY AB A theory of guided propagation of sound in layered, moving fluids is extended to include acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) in waveguides with piecewise continuous parameters. The orthogonality of AGW normal modes is established in moving and motionless media. A perturbation theory is developed to quantify the relative significance of the gravity and fluid compressibility as well as sensitivity of the normal modes to variations in sound speed, flow velocity, and density profiles and in boundary conditions. Phase and group speeds of the normal modes are found to have certain universal properties which are valid for waveguides with arbitrary stratification. The Lamb wave is shown to be the only AGW normal mode that can propagate without dispersion in a layered medium. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4731213] C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Mail Code R-PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU U.S. Navy under STTR [N06-T002] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Navy under STTR contract N06-T002. Discussions with I. M. Fuks and M. Charnotskii as well as helpful suggestions by R. M. Waxler and two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 132 IS 2 BP 657 EP 669 DI 10.1121/1.4731213 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 010FD UT WOS:000309079200025 PM 22894188 ER PT J AU Wright, NT Raththagala, M Hemmis, CW Edwards, S Curtis, JE Krueger, S Schildbach, JF AF Wright, Nathan T. Raththagala, Madushi Hemmis, Casey W. Edwards, Sheldon Curtis, Joseph E. Krueger, Susan Schildbach, Joel F. TI Solution structure and small angle scattering analysis of TraI (381-569) SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE bacterial conjugation; NMR solution structure; SAXS; SANS; ssDNA binding protein ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; HELICASE-I CATALYZES; F-PLASMID ORIT; BACTERIAL CONJUGATION; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PROCESSING REACTIONS; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; RELAXASE DOMAIN; GENE-TRANSFER; BINDING AB TraI, the F plasmid-encoded nickase, is a 1756 amino acid protein essential for conjugative transfer of plasmid DNA from one bacterium to another. Although crystal structures of N- and C-terminal domains of F TraI have been determined, central domains of the protein are structurally unexplored. The central region (between residues 306 and 1520) is known to both bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and unwind DNA through a highly processive helicase activity. Here, we show that the ssDNA binding site is located between residues 381 and 858, and we also present the high-resolution solution structure of the N-terminus of this region (residues 381569). This fragment folds into a four-strand parallel beta sheet surrounded by a helices, and it resembles the structure of the N-terminus of helicases such as RecD and RecQ despite little sequence similarity. The structure supports the model that F TraI resulted from duplication of a RecD-like domain and subsequent specialization of domains into the more N-terminal ssDNA binding domain and the more C-terminal domain containing helicase motifs. In addition, we provide evidence that the nickase and ssDNA binding domains of TraI are held close together by an 80-residue linker sequence that connects the two domains. These results suggest a possible physical explanation for the apparent negative cooperativity between the nickase and ssDNA binding domain. Proteins 2012; (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wright, Nathan T.; Raththagala, Madushi; Hemmis, Casey W.; Edwards, Sheldon; Schildbach, Joel F.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Curtis, Joseph E.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schildbach, JF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biol, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM joel@jhu.edu RI Raththagala, Madushi/A-5086-2015 OI Raththagala, Madushi/0000-0002-4513-629X FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health [RO1 GM61017]; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) [R01 GM61017]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Dimitri V. d'Arbeloff fellowship FX Grant sponsor: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health; Grant number: RO1 GM61017; Grant sponsor: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA); Grant number: R01 GM61017; Grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Grant number: DMR-0944772; Grant sponsor: Dimitri V. d'Arbeloff fellowship. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG PY 2012 VL 80 IS 9 BP 2250 EP 2261 DI 10.1002/prot.24114 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 981JG UT WOS:000306962300010 PM 22611034 ER PT J AU Averill, JD Mileti, D Peacock, R Kuligowski, E Groner, N Proulx, G Reneke, P Nelson, H AF Averill, Jason D. Mileti, D. Peacock, R. Kuligowski, E. Groner, N. Proulx, G. Reneke, P. Nelson, H. TI Federal investigation of the evacuation of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE evacuation; world trade center; human behavior C1 [Averill, Jason D.; Peacock, R.; Kuligowski, E.; Reneke, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mileti, D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Groner, N.] CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019 USA. [Proulx, G.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Averill, JD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.averill@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD AUG-OCT PY 2012 VL 36 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 472 EP 480 DI 10.1002/fam.2162 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 994RX UT WOS:000307950300014 ER PT J AU Chute, AS Wainright, SC Hart, DR AF Chute, Antonie S. Wainright, Sam C. Hart, Deborah R. TI TIMING OF SHELL RING FORMATION AND PATTERNS OF SHELL GROWTH IN THE SEA SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS BASED ON STABLE OXYGEN ISOTOPES SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Placopecten magellanicus; oxygen isotopes; annual rings; growth; scallop ID MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; GEORGES-BANK; SPISULA-SOLIDISSIMA; INCREMENT FORMATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GIANT SCALLOPS; NOVA-SCOTIA; SURF CLAM; GMELIN; RATES AB The ratio of O-18 to O-16 in the shell material of bivalves depends on the ambient water temperature at the time the shell material was deposited. By analyzing samples of shell material taken sequentially from the umbo to the shell margin, we obtained the oxygen isotopic records from the shells of 14 sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) and compared the isotope data with the visible rings on the upper valve. Using generalized additive models, we show that ring formation is related significantly to water temperature, and that rings were typically laid down near the annual temperature maximum. Shell ring formation was generally annual, although 2 of the mid-Atlantic scallops appeared to have laid down 2 rings in 1 y. Some of the scallops appear to form new shell material and increase in shell height over the entire year for the first few years of life, and in later years reduce or halt accretion at the shell margin during the coldest temperatures. The isotopic records obtained from near the umbo of the shells suggest that all but one of the scallops were spawned in the fall. C1 [Chute, Antonie S.; Hart, Deborah R.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wainright, Sam C.] US Coast Guard Acad, Dept Sci, New London, CT 06320 USA. RP Chute, AS (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM toni.chute@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 31 IS 3 BP 649 EP 662 DI 10.2983/035.031.0308 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 998QF UT WOS:000308254800008 ER PT J AU Anitescu, G Bruno, TJ AF Anitescu, George Bruno, Thomas J. TI Biodiesel Fuels from Supercritical Fluid Processing: Quality Evaluation with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method and Cetane Numbers SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; DIESEL FUEL; JET-A; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; MIXTURES; TRANSESTERIFICATION; FEEDSTOCKS; EMISSIONS AB The volatility of biodiesel fuel samples produced by supercritical (SC) transesterification (TE) of triglyceride feedstocks of chicken fat and soybean oil was determined by the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method. Particularly high temperatures (e.g., 400 degrees C) of the SCTE process partially decomposed the polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) to lower molecular FAMEs (similar to C-6-C-15) and similar to C-10-C-17 hydrocarbons. These lighter fuel components shifted the first portion of the distillation curves toward that of #2 diesel fuel. This means that biodiesel fuels produced by SCTE at similar to 400 degrees C exhibit higher overall volatility when compared to commercial biodiesel samples produced by conventional catalytic TE. Other important fuel properties such as ignition delay via cetane numbers could also be improved. This information will permit efficient fuel system and combustion chamber designs to optimize fuel utilization in diesel engines, decrease of fuel consumption, and emission mitigation. C1 [Anitescu, George; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Anitescu, G (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ganitesc@syr.edu; bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX One of the authors (G.A.) acknowledges the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act for providing financial support. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2012 VL 26 IS 8 BP 5256 EP 5264 DI 10.1021/ef300615r PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 988ME UT WOS:000307494300070 ER PT J AU Cullens, ED Ranzani, L Vanhille, KJ Grossman, EN Ehsan, N Popovic, Z AF Cullens, Evan D. Ranzani, Leonardo Vanhille, Kenneth J. Grossman, Erich N. Ehsan, Negar Popovic, Zoya TI Micro-Fabricated 130-180 GHz Frequency Scanning Waveguide Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Beam steering; g-band; linear antenna arrays; millimeter wave radar ID MU-COAXIAL LINES; DESIGN AB This paper describes frequency scanning slot arrays operating from 130 to 180 GHz. The arrays are micro-fabricated using the PolyStrata sequential copper deposition process. Measured reflection coefficient and radiation patterns agree with HFSS full-wave simulations. The voltage standing wave ratio is less than 1.75:1 over the entire frequency range, and the measured scanning is 1.04 degrees GHz from 130 to 150 GHz and 32.5 degrees over the full frequency range. The measured gain is 15.5 dBi for a 10-element array at 150 GHz and 18.9 dBi for a 20-element array at 150 GHz with about 3 dB of variation over the scan range. C1 [Cullens, Evan D.; Ranzani, Leonardo; Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vanhille, Kenneth J.] Nuvotronics LLC, Radford, VA 24141 USA. [Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Ehsan, Negar] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cullens, ED (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM evan.cullens@colorado.edu RI Ranzani, Leonardo/E-8421-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10CA77C] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Contract NNX10CA77C. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 60 IS 8 BP 3647 EP 3653 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2201089 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 001BW UT WOS:000308435800012 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Ghasr, MT Alpert, B Shen, ZX Arsenovic, A Weikle, RM Zoughi, R AF Williams, Dylan F. Ghasr, Mohammad Tayeb Alpert, Bradley Shen, Zhongxiang Arsenovic, Alexander Weikle, Robert M., II Zoughi, Reza TI Legendre Fit to the Reflection Coefficient of a Radiating Rectangular Waveguide Aperture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Calibration; millimeter-wave; submillimeter wave; terahertz; uncertainty analysis; vector network analyzer ID CALIBRATION ALGORITHM; FLANGE; FEED AB We accurately calculate the reflection coefficient and normalized admittance of radiating open-ended rectangular waveguides and fit our results with a linear combination of Legendre polynomials. We verify the expression to an accuracy of 0.005 with other calculations and examine the impact of flanges and burrs on the accuracy to which the reflection coefficient can be approximated in practice. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.; Alpert, Bradley] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghasr, Mohammad Tayeb; Zoughi, Reza] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Shen, Zhongxiang] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Arsenovic, Alexander; Weikle, Robert M., II] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov RI Shen, Zhongxiang/A-5094-2011 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Terahertz Electronics Program FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Terahertz Electronics Program. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this article/presentation are those of the author/presenter and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or the Department of Defense. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 60 IS 8 BP 4009 EP 4014 DI 10.1109/TAP.2012.2201106 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 001BW UT WOS:000308435800057 ER PT J AU Capossela, KM Brill, RW Fabrizio, MC Bushnell, PG AF Capossela, K. M. Brill, R. W. Fabrizio, M. C. Bushnell, P. G. TI Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus to hypoxia at two temperatures SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gill ventilation; heart rate; oxygen extraction; stopflow respirometry AB To quantify the tolerance of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus to episodic hypoxia, resting metabolic rate, oxygen extraction, gill ventilation and heart rate were measured during acute progressive hypoxia at the fish's acclimation temperature (22 degrees C) and after an acute temperature increase (to 30 degrees C). Mean +/- s.e. critical oxygen levels (i.e. the oxygen levels below which fish could not maintain aerobic metabolism) increased significantly from 27 +/- 2% saturation (2.0 +/- 0.1 mg O2 l-1) at 22 degrees C to 39 +/- 2% saturation (2.4 +/- 0.1 mg O2 l-1) at 30 degrees C. Gill ventilation and oxygen extraction changed immediately with the onset of hypoxia at both temperatures. The fractional increase in gill ventilation (from normoxia to the lowest oxygen level tested) was much larger at 22 degrees C (6.4-fold) than at 30 degrees C (2.7-fold). In contrast, the fractional decrease in oxygen extraction (from normoxia to the lowest oxygen levels tested) was similar at 22 degrees C (1.7-fold) and 30 degrees C (1.5-fold), and clearly smaller than the fractional changes in gill ventilation. In contrast to the almost immediate effects of hypoxia on respiration, bradycardia was not observed until 20 and 30% oxygen saturation at 22 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Bradycardia was, therefore, not observed until below critical oxygen levels. The critical oxygen levels at both temperatures were near or immediately below the accepted 2.3 mg O2 l-1hypoxia threshold for survival, but the increase in the critical oxygen level at 30 degrees C suggests a lower tolerance to hypoxia after an acute increase in temperature. C1 [Capossela, K. M.; Fabrizio, M. C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, R. W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Bushnell, P. G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. RP Capossela, KM (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM kcapossela@dnr.state.md.us OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU Oceanside Conservation Co., Inc. Student Research Grant Program; Eastern Shore Graduate Research Grant FX The authors are grateful to T. Targett for his insight and comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The authors also thank the staff of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory for their continuing and genuine hospitality, and for providing access to capture vessels, fish holding and laboratory facilities. This research was supported by funding from the Oceanside Conservation Co., Inc. Student Research Grant Program and the Eastern Shore Graduate Research Grant. This paper is contribution no. 3190 from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81 IS 3 BP 1043 EP 1058 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03380.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 984UA UT WOS:000307216400010 PM 22880736 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Pellegrin, B Bernard, C Rabb, S Stuztman, P Gorham, JM Gu, X Yu, LL Chin, JW AF Nguyen, T. Pellegrin, B. Bernard, C. Rabb, S. Stuztman, P. Gorham, J. M. Gu, X. Yu, L. L. Chin, J. W. TI Characterization of Surface Accumulation and Release of Nanosilica During Irradiation of Polymer Nanocomposites by Ultraviolet Light SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; SiO2 Nanoparticles; Release; Accumulation; Polymer; Surface; UV; Characterization ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOPARTICLE EMISSION; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; FORCE MICROSCOPY; EPOXY COATINGS; TOXICITY; WATER; DEGRADATION; RISKS; TIO2 AB Polymer nanocomposites are increasingly used in applications that are subjected to harsh environments. Owing to polymer's susceptibility to photodegradation, nanofillers in a polymer nanocomposite may be released into the environments during the composite's life cycle. Such release potentially poses an environmental health and safety problem and may hinder commercialization of these advanced materials. This study investigated the fate and release of nanosilica from epoxy/nanosilica composites. Specially-designed holders containing nanocomposite specimens were irradiated with UV light in a well-controlled environmental chamber. UV irradiated samples were removed for measurements of polymer chemical degradation, mass loss, surface morphology, nanosilica accumulation on the composite surface, and nanosilica release. Epoxy matrix underwent rapid photodegradation, resulting in substantial accumulation of silica nanofillers on the composite surface and also release from the composite. A conceptual model for surface accumulation and release of nanosilica during UV irradiation of epoxy nanocomposites is presented. C1 [Nguyen, T.; Pellegrin, B.; Bernard, C.; Rabb, S.; Stuztman, P.; Gorham, J. M.; Gu, X.; Yu, L. L.; Chin, J. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X; Pellegrin, Bastien/0000-0002-4343-2108 NR 69 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 6202 EP 6215 DI 10.1166/jnn.2012.6442 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 000IM UT WOS:000308379900008 PM 22962727 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ Mikulski, CM Wang, Z Harvey, JB Ryan, JP Zhang, Y Marin, R Scholin, CA AF Doucette, G. J. Mikulski, C. M. Wang, Z. Harvey, J. B. Ryan, J. P. Zhang, Y. Marin, R., III Scholin, C. A. TI CHARACTERIZING HAB DYNAMICS AND TOXICITY VIA IN SITU DEPLOYMENT OF MOLECULAR TOOLS AND COORDINATED AUV-BASED SAMPLING SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Doucette, G. J.; Mikulski, C. M.; Wang, Z.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC USA. [Harvey, J. B.; Ryan, J. P.; Zhang, Y.; Marin, R., III; Scholin, C. A.] MBARI, Moss Landing, CA USA. RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982NU UT WOS:000307053000016 ER PT J AU Johnson, JG Van Dolah, FM AF Johnson, J. G. Van Dolah, F. M. TI THE CASPASE REACTOME OF KARENIA BREVIS DURING ROS-DRIVEN CELL DEATH SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Johnson, J. G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. [Van Dolah, F. M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM jill.johnson821@gmail.com; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982NU UT WOS:000307053000020 ER PT J AU Mark, WV Kibler, SR Holland, WC Tester, PA Schultz, TF Faust, MA Homes, MJ Chinain, M Litaker, RW AF Mark, Vandersea W. Kibler, S. R. Holland, W. C. Tester, P. A. Schultz, T. F. Faust, M. A. Homes, M. J. Chinain, M. Litaker, R. W. TI DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-QUANTITATIVE PCR ASSAYS DETECTING AND ENUMERATING POTENTIALLY TOXIC CARIBBEAN GAMBIERDISCUS SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mark, Vandersea W.; Kibler, S. R.; Holland, W. C.; Tester, P. A.; Litaker, R. W.] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. [Schultz, T. F.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Marine Conservat Mol Facil, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Faust, M. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Natl Herbarium, Suitland, MD USA. [Homes, M. J.] Queensland Dept Environm & Resource Man, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Chinain, M.] Inst Louis Malarde, Lab Microalgues Tox, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. EM mark.w.vandersea@noaa.gov; steve.kibler@noaa.gov; chris.holland@noaa.gov; pat.tester@noaa.gov; tom.schultz@duke.edu; faustm@si.edu; michael.holmes@derm.qld.gov.au; MChinain@ilm.pf; Wayne.litaker@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP S26 EP S27 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982NU UT WOS:000307053000074 ER PT J AU Mikulski, CM Monroe, EA Morey, JS Wang, Z Roth, PB Twiner, MJ Van Dolah, FM Doucette, GJ AF Mikulski, C. M. Monroe, E. A. Morey, J. S. Wang, Z. Roth, P. B. Twiner, M. J. Van Dolah, F. M. Doucette, G. J. TI BREVETOXIN PRODUCTION BY THE DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA BREVIS: DO BACTERIA PLAY A ROLE? SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mikulski, C. M.; Monroe, E. A.; Morey, J. S.; Wang, Z.; Roth, P. B.; Twiner, M. J.; Van Dolah, F. M.; Doucette, G. J.] NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM tina.mikulski@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP S27 EP S28 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982NU UT WOS:000307053000076 ER PT J AU Morey, JS Van Dolah, FM AF Morey, J. S. Van Dolah, F. M. TI BIOSYNTHETIC LABELING OF DINOFLAGELLATE RNA FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF RNA SYNTHESIS AND DECAY RATES USING DNA MICROARRAYS AND QPCR SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morey, J. S.; Van Dolah, F. M.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Washington, DC USA. EM jeanine.morey@noaa.gov; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP S19 EP S20 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982NU UT WOS:000307053000054 ER PT J AU Van Dolah, FM AF Van Dolah, F. M. TI UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF BREVETOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE FLORIDA RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE, KARENIA BREVIS SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Van Dolah, F. M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 SU 1 SI SI BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982NU UT WOS:000307053000015 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Gerrits, T Migdall, AL Samarov, DV Calkins, B Lita, AE Nam, SW AF Levine, Zachary H. Gerrits, Thomas Migdall, Alan L. Samarov, Daniel V. Calkins, Brice Lita, Adriana E. Nam, Sae Woo TI Algorithm for finding clusters with a known distribution and its application to photon-number resolution using a superconducting transition-edge sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTONS; EFFICIENCY; DETECTORS; NOISE AB Improving photon-number resolution of single-photon sensitive detectors is important for many applications, as is extending the range of such detectors. Here we seek improved resolution for a particular superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) through better processing of the TES output waveforms. With that aim, two algorithms to extract number resolution from TES output waveforms are compared. The comparison is done by processing waveform data sets from a TES illuminated at nine illumination levels by a pulsed laser at 1550 nm. The algorithms are used to sort the individual output waveforms and then create clusters associated with individual photon numbers. The first uses a dot product with the waveform mean (for each illumination level), while the second uses K-means clustering modified to include knowledge of the Poisson distribution. The first algorithm is shown to distinguish adjacent peaks associated with photon numbers up to 19, whereas the second algorithm distinguishes photon numbers up to 23, using the same data. C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Migdall, Alan L.; Samarov, Daniel V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gerrits, Thomas; Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana E.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 29 IS 8 BP 2066 EP 2073 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984ZI UT WOS:000307232100028 ER PT J AU Maillard, D Kumar, SK Fragneaud, B Kysar, JW Rungta, A Benicewicz, BC Deng, H Brinson, LC Douglas, JF AF Maillard, Damien Kumar, Sanat K. Fragneaud, Benjamin Kysar, Jeffrey W. Rungta, Atri Benicewicz, Brian C. Deng, Hua Brinson, L. Cate Douglas, Jack F. TI Mechanical Properties of Thin Glassy Polymer Films Filled with Spherical Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Polymers; nanoparticles; nanocomposites; self-assembled structures; mechanical properties; solid state ID HOMOPOLYMER MATRIX; COPOLYMER MICELLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; PARTICLES; REINFORCEMENT; NANOFILLER; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS AB It is commonly accepted that the addition of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) cannot simultaneously improve the elastic modulus, the yield stress, and the ductility of an amorphous glassy polymer matrix. In contrast to this conventional wisdom, we show that ductility can be substantially increased, while maintaining gains in the elastic modulus and yield stress, in glassy nanocomposite films composed of spherical silica NPs grafted with polystyrene (PS) chains in a PS matrix. The key to these improvements are (i) uniform NP spatial dispersion and (ii) strong interfacial binding between NPs and the matrix, by making the grafted chains sufficiently long relative to the matrix. Strikingly, the optimal conditions for the mechanical reinforcement of the same nanocomposite material in the melt state is completely different, requiring the presence of spatially extended NP clusters. Evidently, NP spatial dispersions that optimize material properties are crucially sensitive to the state (melt versus glass) of the polymeric material. C1 [Maillard, Damien; Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fragneaud, Benjamin; Kysar, Jeffrey W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Rungta, Atri; Benicewicz, Brian C.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Deng, Hua; Brinson, L. Cate] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, SK (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sk2794@columbia.edu RI Brinson, L Catherine/B-1315-2013; Deng, Hua/H-1122-2011; Brinson, L. Catherine/B-6678-2009; Fragneaud, Benjamin/C-3810-2016; OI Brinson, L Catherine/0000-0003-2551-1563; Fragneaud, Benjamin/0000-0001-8170-6117; Benicewicz, Brian/0000-0003-4130-1232 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1006514] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1006514). We thank Professor Linda Schadler for critical comments on this paper. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 12 U2 123 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 3909 EP 3914 DI 10.1021/nl301792g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 984SD UT WOS:000307211000006 PM 22817546 ER PT J AU Schiros, T Nordlund, D Palova, L Prezzi, D Zhao, LY Kim, KS Wurstbauer, U Gutierrez, C Delongchamp, D Jaye, C Fischer, D Ogasawara, H Pettersson, LGM Reichman, DR Kim, P Hybertsen, MS Pasupathy, AN AF Schiros, Theanne Nordlund, Dennis Palova, Lucia Prezzi, Deborah Zhao, Liuyan Kim, Keun Soo Wurstbauer, Ulrich Gutierrez, Christopher Delongchamp, Dean Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel Ogasawara, Hirohito Pettersson, Lars G. M. Reichman, David R. Kim, Philip Hybertsen, Mark S. Pasupathy, Abhay N. TI Connecting Dopant Bond Type with Electronic Structure in N-Doped Graphene SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen-doped graphene; workfunction; bonding; electronic structure; X-ray spectroscopy ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISORBED MOLECULES; FILMS; ABSORPTION; DEPOSITION; GRAPHITE; SPECTRA AB Robust methods to tune the unique electronic properties of graphene by chemical modification are in great demand due to the potential of the two dimensional material to impact a range of device applications. Here we show that carbon and nitrogen core-level resonant X-ray spectroscopy is a sensitive probe of chemical bonding and electronic structure of chemical dopants introduced in single-sheet graphene films. In conjunction with density functional theory based calculations, we are able to obtain a detailed picture of bond types and electronic structure in graphene doped with nitrogen at the sub-percent level. We show that different N-bond types, including graphitic, pyridinic, and nitrilic, can exist in a single, dilutely N-doped graphene sheet. We show that these various bond types have profoundly different effects on the carrier concentration, indicating that control over the dopant bond type is a crucial requirement in advancing graphene electronics. C1 [Schiros, Theanne] Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nordlund, Dennis; Ogasawara, Hirohito] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Palova, Lucia; Reichman, David R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Prezzi, Deborah] CNR Nanosci Inst, Ctr S3, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Zhao, Liuyan; Wurstbauer, Ulrich; Gutierrez, Christopher; Kim, Philip; Pasupathy, Abhay N.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kim, Keun Soo] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Kim, Keun Soo] Sejong Univ, Graphene Res Inst, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Delongchamp, Dean] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaye, Cherno] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pettersson, Lars G. M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Hybertsen, Mark S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schiros, T (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ts2526@columbia.edu; apn2108@columbia.edu RI Kim, Keun Soo/C-1601-2013; Prezzi, Deborah/E-8403-2010; Pettersson, Lars/J-4925-2013; Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Ogasawara, Hirohito/D-2105-2009; OI Prezzi, Deborah/0000-0002-7294-7450; Pettersson, Lars/0000-0003-1133-9934; Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Ogasawara, Hirohito/0000-0001-5338-1079; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754; Gutierrez, Christopher/0000-0002-8307-6419 FU EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control [DE-SC0001085]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; AFOSR [DE-AC02-98CH10886, FA9550-11-1-0010]; National Synchrotron Light Source [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; ONR under Graphene MURI; NSF [CHE-0641523]; NYSTAR; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2012-0005859, 2011-0029645]; Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology; EU FP7 HYPOMAP network FX Research supported by the EFRC Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control (award DE-SC0001085). Portions of this research were carried out at beamlines 11-3 and 13-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, and beamlines X-9 and U7A at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Support also provided by AFOSR under Grant FA9550-11-1-0010 (A.N.P), for research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 (M.S.H.), and at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, by ONR under Graphene MURI (A.P. and P.K.), by NSF under Grant CHE-0641523 (A.P.), by NYSTAR, and by Priority Research Centers Program (2012-0005859), Basic Science Program (2011-0029645) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (K.S.K). L.G.M.P. acknowledges support from the EU FP7 HYPOMAP network. NR 37 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 16 U2 180 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 4025 EP 4031 DI 10.1021/nl301409h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 984SD UT WOS:000307211000025 PM 22746249 ER PT J AU Cohen-Hoshen, E Bryant, GW Pinkas, I Sperling, J Bar-Joseph, I AF Cohen-Hoshen, Eyal Bryant, Garnett W. Pinkas, Iddo Sperling, Joseph Bar-Joseph, Israel TI Exciton-Plasmon Interactions in Quantum Dot-Gold Nanoparticle Structures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantum dot; nanocrystal; gold nanoparticle; plasmon; exciton; self-assembly; CdSe/ZnS; DNA ID FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; ASSEMBLIES; NANOWIRES; EMISSION AB We present a self-assembly method to construct CdSe/ZnS quantum dot gold nanoparticle complexes. This method allows us to form complexes with relatively good control of the composition and structure that can be used for detailed study of the exciton-plasmon interactions. We determine the contribution of the polarization-dependent near-field enhancement, which may enhance the absorption by nearly two orders of magnitude and that of the exciton coupling to plasmon modes, which modifies the exciton decay rate. C1 [Cohen-Hoshen, Eyal; Bar-Joseph, Israel] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pinkas, Iddo] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Res Support, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Sperling, Joseph] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Organ Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Cohen-Hoshen, E (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM Eyal.Cohen-Hoshen@weizmann.ac.il FU Israel Science Foundation FX This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation. All mention of product names is done to provide a complete description of this work This does not imply a validation or endorsement of these products by NIST. NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 14 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 12 IS 8 BP 4260 EP 4264 DI 10.1021/nl301917d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 984SD UT WOS:000307211000061 PM 22738161 ER PT J AU Nugent-Glandorf, L Neely, T Adler, F Fleisher, AJ Cossel, KC Bjork, B Dinneen, T Ye, J Diddams, SA AF Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Neely, Tyler Adler, Florian Fleisher, Adam J. Cossel, Kevin C. Bjork, Bryce Dinneen, Tim Ye, Jun Diddams, Scott A. TI Mid-infrared virtually imaged phased array spectrometer for rapid and broadband trace gas detection SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M AB We present and characterize a two-dimensional (2D) imaging spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) disperser for rapid, high-resolution molecular detection using mid-infrared (MIR) frequency combs at 3.1 and 3.8 mu m. We demonstrate detection of CH4 at 3.1 mu m with >3750 resolution elements spanning >80 nm with similar to 600 MHz resolution in a <10 mu s acquisition time. In addition to broadband detection, we also demonstrate rapid, time-resolved single-image detection by capturing dynamic concentration changes of CH4 at a rate of similar to 375 frames per second. Changes in absorption above the noise floor of 5 x 10(-4) are readily detected on the millisecond time scale, leading to important future applications such as real-time monitoring of trace gas concentrations and detection of reactive intermediates. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Neely, Tyler; Adler, Florian; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fleisher, Adam J.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Bjork, Bryce; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fleisher, Adam J.; Cossel, Kevin C.; Bjork, Bryce; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dinneen, Tim] Precis Photon, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Nugent-Glandorf, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lng@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Neely, Tyler/A-5015-2013; Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Neely, Tyler/0000-0002-5691-4982; Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Research Council (NRC) FX We thank K. Knabe, P. Del'Haye, A. Zolot, and N. Newbury for their contributions and F. Benabid for providing the air-core PCF. This research was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Science Foundation (NSF), and National Research Council (NRC). Any mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 49 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3285 EP 3287 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984XM UT WOS:000307226700093 PM 22859160 ER PT J AU Downey, AS Da Silva, SM Olson, ND Filliben, JJ Morrow, JB AF Downey, Autumn S. Da Silva, Sandra M. Olson, Nathan D. Filliben, James J. Morrow, Jayne B. TI Impact of Processing Method on Recovery of Bacteria from Wipes Used in Biological Surface Sampling SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NONPOROUS SURFACES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SWAB PROTOCOL; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Environmental sampling for microbiological contaminants is a key component of hygiene monitoring and risk characterization practices utilized across diverse fields of application. However, confidence in surface sampling results, both in the field and in controlled laboratory studies, has been undermined by large variation in sampling performance results. Sources of variation include controlled parameters, such as sampling materials and processing methods, which often differ among studies, as well as random and systematic errors; however, the relative contributions of these factors remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the relative impacts of sample processing methods, including extraction solution and physical dissociation method (vortexing and sonication), on recovery of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Burkholderia thailandensis and Escherichia coli) bacteria from directly inoculated wipes. This work showed that target organism had the largest impact on extraction efficiency and recovery precision, as measured by traditional colony counts. The physical dissociation method (PDM) had negligible impact, while the effect of the extraction solution was organism dependent. Overall, however, extraction of organisms from wipes using phosphate-buffered saline with 0.04% Tween 80 (PBST) resulted in the highest mean recovery across all three organisms. The results from this study contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence sampling performance, which is critical to the development of efficient and reliable sampling methodologies relevant to public health and biodefense. C1 [Downey, Autumn S.; Da Silva, Sandra M.; Olson, Nathan D.; Morrow, Jayne B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, James J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Downey, AS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM autumn.downey@nist.gov; sandra.dasilva@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-09-X-00457]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-09-X-00457 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 65 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 78 IS 16 BP 5872 EP 5881 DI 10.1128/AEM.00873-12 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983SR UT WOS:000307139500049 PM 22706055 ER PT J AU Golkowski, M Golkowski, C Leszczynski, J Plimpton, SR Maslowski, P Foltynowicz, A Ye, J McCollister, B AF Golkowski, Marek Golkowski, Czeslaw Leszczynski, Jori Plimpton, S. Reed Maslowski, Piotr Foltynowicz, Aleksandra Ye, Jun McCollister, Bruce TI Hydrogen-Peroxide-Enhanced Nonthermal Plasma Effluent for Biomedical Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bacteria; biomedical; decontamination; frequency comb spectroscopy; plasma medicine; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ID FREQUENCY COMB SPECTROSCOPY; COLD ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ARGON PLASMA; IN-VITRO; DECONTAMINATION; MEDICINE; WOUNDS AB A novel nonthermal plasma dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) system for decontamination, sterilization, and medical applications has been developed. The discharge is physically removed from the disinfection zone, and plasma-induced free radicals are delivered through an air stream. The physical distance between the discharge and the treatment surface can be up to 3 m, making the technology robust and flexible for applications in the medical clinic. The bactericidal properties of the free-radical effluent are enhanced by hydrogen peroxide additives. We report a 6-log reduction in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains in under 1 min of exposure in vitro and inactivation of Bacillus atrophaes spores and Escherichia coli biofilms. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide additives is seen to be a key variable in inactivation efficacy, suggesting that active species in our experiment may be different than in other DBD configurations. Precise chemical concentration measurements using direct frequency comb spectroscopy show presence of ozone (O-3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In vivo multiple exposures of mouse skin to the plasma effluent do not yield any adverse effects. C1 [Golkowski, Marek] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Golkowski, Marek] Univ Colorado, Dept Bioengn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Golkowski, Czeslaw] Super Pulse, Ithaca, NY USA. [Leszczynski, Jori] Univ Colorado, Dept Pathol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Leszczynski, Jori] Univ Colorado, Off Lab Anim Resources, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Plimpton, S. Reed] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Bioengn, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Maslowski, Piotr; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maslowski, Piotr; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCollister, Bruce] Univ Colorado Denver, Div Infect Dis, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [McCollister, Bruce] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Microbiol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Golkowski, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra/0000-0002-6191-7926 FU University of Colorado Denver Faculty Development; Swedish Research Council; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education FX The works of M. Golkowski, A. Foltynowicz, and P. Maslowski were supported by the University of Colorado Denver Faculty Development, the Swedish Research Council postdoctoral fellowship, and the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, respectively. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 29 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1984 EP 1991 DI 10.1109/TPS.2012.2200910 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 992UW UT WOS:000307806400004 ER PT J AU White, WH Farber, RJ Malm, WC Nuttall, M Pitchford, ML Schichtel, BA AF White, W. H. Farber, R. J. Malm, W. C. Nuttall, M. Pitchford, M. L. Schichtel, B. A. TI Comment on "Effect of coal-fired power generation on visibility in a nearby National Park (Terhorst and Berkman, 2010)" SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Sulfate; Aerosol; IMPROVE; MOHAVE; Grand Canyon; Clean Air Act ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES AB Few electricity generating stations received more environmental scrutiny during the last quarter of the twentieth century than did the Mohave Power Project (MPP), a coal-fired facility near Grand Canyon National Park. Terhorst and Berkman (2010) examine regional aerosol monitoring data collected before and after the plant's 2006 retirement for retrospective evidence of MPP's impact on visibility in the Park. The authors' technical analysis is thoughtfully conceived and executed, but is misleadingly presented as discrediting previous studies and their interpretation by regulators. In reality the Terhorst-Berkman analysis validates a consensus on MPP's visibility impact that was established years before its closure, in a collaborative assessment undertaken jointly by Federal regulators and MPP's owners. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [White, W. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Farber, R. J.] So Calif Edison Co, Environm Hlth & Safety, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. [Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nuttall, M.] So Calif Edison Co, Generat Planning & Strategy, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. [Pitchford, M. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP White, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whwhite@ucdavis.edu OI White, Warren H/0000-0001-7323-7867 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 55 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.076 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 980CE UT WOS:000306870400023 ER PT J AU Matei, I Baras, JS AF Matei, Ion Baras, John S. TI Consensus-based linear distributed filtering SO AUTOMATICA LA English DT Article DE Distributed filtering; Consensus; Sensor networks ID PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS AB We address the consensus-based distributed linear filtering problem, where a discrete time, linear stochastic process is observed by a network of sensors. We assume that the consensus weights are known and we first provide sufficient conditions under which the stochastic process is detectable, i.e. for a specific choice of consensus weights there exists a set of filtering gains such that the dynamics of the estimation errors (without noise) is asymptotically stable. Next, we develop a distributed, sub-optimal filtering scheme based on minimizing an upper bound on a quadratic filtering cost. In the stationary case, we provide sufficient conditions under which this scheme converges; conditions expressed in terms of the convergence properties of a set of coupled Riccati equations. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matei, Ion] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matei, Ion] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Matei, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM imatei@umd.edu; baras@umd.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI [FA9550-09-1-0538]; Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [013641-001] FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI award FA9550-09-1-0538, in part by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under award number 013641-001 for the Multi-Scale Systems Center (MuSyC) through the FRCP of SRC and DARPA. The material in this paper was partially presented at the 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2010), December 15-17, 2010, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Valery Ugrinovskii under the direction of Editor Ian R. Petersen. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0005-1098 J9 AUTOMATICA JI Automatica PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1776 EP 1782 DI 10.1016/j.automatica.2012.05.042 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 991FZ UT WOS:000307688200033 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MW Hellmann, JJ McLachlan, JM Sax, DF Borevitz, JO Brennan, J Camacho, AE Ceballos, G Clark, JR Doremus, H Early, R Etterson, JR Fielder, D Gill, JL Gonzalez, P Green, N Hannah, L Jamieson, DW Javeline, D Minteer, BA Odenbaugh, J Polasky, S Richardson, DM Root, TL Safford, HD Sala, O Schneider, SH Thompson, AR Williams, JW Vellend, M Vitt, P Zellmer, S AF Schwartz, Mark W. Hellmann, Jessica J. McLachlan, Jason M. Sax, Dov F. Borevitz, Justin O. Brennan, Jean Camacho, Alejandro E. Ceballos, Gerardo Clark, Jamie R. Doremus, Holly Early, Regan Etterson, Julie R. Fielder, Dwight Gill, Jacquelyn L. Gonzalez, Patrick Green, Nancy Hannah, Lee Jamieson, Dale W. Javeline, Debra Minteer, Ben A. Odenbaugh, Jay Polasky, Stephen Richardson, David M. Root, Terry L. Safford, Hugh D. Sala, Osvaldo Schneider, Stephen H. Thompson, Andrew R. Williams, John W. Vellend, Mark Vitt, Pati Zellmer, Sandra TI Managed Relocation: Integrating the Scientific, Regulatory, and Ethical Challenges SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethics; policy; law; conservation; translocation ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASSISTED COLONIZATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; FUTURE; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; INVASIONS AB Managed relocation is defined as the movement of species, populations, or genotypes to places outside the areas of their historical distributions to maintain biological diversity or ecosystem functioning with changing climate. It has been claimed that a major extinction event is under way and that climate change is increasing its severity Projections indicating that climate change may drive substantial losses of biodiversity have compelled some scientists to suggest that traditional management strategies are insufficient. The managed relocation of species is a controversial management response to climate change. The published literature has emphasized biological concerns over difficult ethical, legal, and policy issues. Furthermore, ongoing managed relocation actions lack scientific and societal engagement. Our interdisciplinary team considered ethics, law, policy, ecology, and natural resources management in order to identify the key issues of managed relocation relevant for developing sound policies that support decisions for resource management. We recommend that government agencies develop and adopt best practices for managed relocation. C1 [Schwartz, Mark W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hellmann, Jessica J.; McLachlan, Jason M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Sax, Dov F.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Borevitz, Justin O.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Brennan, Jean] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Conservat Management Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Camacho, Alejandro E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Law, Irvine, CA USA. [Camacho, Alejandro E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Land Environm & Nat Resources, Irvine, CA USA. [Ceballos, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Clark, Jamie R.] Defenders Wildlife, Washington, DC USA. [Doremus, Holly] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Law, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Early, Regan] Univ Evora, Rui Nabeiro Biodivers Chair, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Evora, Portugal. [Etterson, Julie R.] Univ Minnesota Duluth, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN USA. [Fielder, Dwight] US Bur Land Management, Washington, DC USA. [Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Geog, Madison, WI USA. [Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Nelson Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [Gonzalez, Patrick] Natl Pk Serv, Nat Resource Stewardship & Sci Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Green, Nancy] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Hannah, Lee] Conservat Int Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Jamieson, Dale W.] NYU, Environm Studies Program, New York, NY USA. [Javeline, Debra] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Polit Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Minteer, Ben A.; Sala, Osvaldo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Minteer, Ben A.; Sala, Osvaldo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Tempe, AZ USA. [Odenbaugh, Jay] Lewis & Clark Coll, Dept Philosophy, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Richardson, David M.] Univ Stellenbosch, Ctr Invas Biol, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Root, Terry L.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, Valejo, CA USA. [Schneider, Stephen H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Thompson, Andrew R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Vellend, Mark] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Biol, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Vitt, Pati] Chicago Bot Garden, Chicago, IL USA. [Zellmer, Sandra] Univ Nebraska, Coll Law, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Schwartz, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mwschwartz@ucdavis.edu RI Schwartz, Mark/G-1066-2011; Richardson, David/A-1495-2008; Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013; Borevitz, Justin/B-5423-2012; OI Schwartz, Mark/0000-0002-3739-6542; Richardson, David/0000-0001-9574-8297; Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561; Camacho, Alejandro/0000-0002-8782-6870; Early, Regan/0000-0003-4108-5904; Vitt, Pati/0000-0002-3727-9178 FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0741792, DEB 0741921]; Cedar Tree Foundation FX This article is dedicated to Stephen H. Schneider, who was a member of the Managed Relocation Working Group and a tireless advocate for careful deliberation of climate change issues involving both scientific analysis and social values. He was a giant in our field and a friend and mentor to many of the authors of this article. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants no. DEB 0741792 and no. DEB 0741921 in support of the Managed Relocation Working Group and by a Cedar Tree Foundation grant. NR 65 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 15 U2 175 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD AUG PY 2012 VL 62 IS 8 BP 732 EP 743 DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.8.6 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 990JF UT WOS:000307626100006 ER PT J AU Ladd, C Stabeno, PJ O'Hern, JE AF Ladd, Carol Stabeno, Phyllis J. O'Hern, Julia E. TI Observations of a Pribilof eddy SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Bering Sea; Pribilof Canyon; Shelf-basin exchange ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; SLOPE CURRENT SYSTEM; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; GREEN BELT; CIRCULATION; SATELLITE; OCEAN; BASIN; PACIFIC; EDDIES AB Eddies along the eastern shelf-break of the Bering Sea play an important role in the physics, chemistry, and biology of the region. Eddy activity in this region is particularly strong near the major shelf-break canyons during the spring months, likely influencing the spring bloom. Spring eddy activity is negatively correlated with the North Pacific Index, a measure of the strength of the Aleutian Low. A strong Aleutian Low (negative NPI) is related to a strong sub-polar gyre, suggesting that spin-up of the gyre results in more eddy activity in this region. In situ data from an eddy sampled near Pribilof Canyon in 1997 suggest that these eddies can carry water from the outer shelf into the basin. Drifters rotating around the eddy at different radii exhibited differing rotation periods suggesting that the eddy was not rotating in solid body rotation. Thus horizontal exchange of water within the eddy may result in the excess nutrients and fresher water within the core of the eddy exchanging with the basin over time, influencing chlorophyll-a distributions throughout the summer months. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [O'Hern, Julia E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU NOAA MPOWIR internship program FX We are grateful to the NOAA MPOWIR internship program (www.mpowir.org) for supporting O'Hern during work on this project. We thank the officers and crew of the R/V Wecoma for their hard work and support in collecting the in situ data presented here. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO with support from CNES. Terry Whitledge kindly provided the nutrient data. Wavelet software was provided by C. Torrence and G. Compo, and is available at URL: http://atoc.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/. Four anonymous reviewers provided comments that resulted in a substantially improved manuscript. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-0778 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations and PMEL contribution 3738. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 66 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.04.003 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 990HG UT WOS:000307621000006 ER PT J AU Ward, DL Clemens, BJ Clugston, D Jackson, AD Moser, ML Peery, C Statler, DP AF Ward, David L. Clemens, Benjamin J. Clugston, David Jackson, Aaron D. Moser, Mary L. Peery, Chris Statler, David P. TI Translocating Adult Pacific Lamprey within the Columbia River Basin: State of the Science SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ANADROMOUS PARASITIC LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER-RIVER; BODY-SIZE; POPULATION; EXTINCTION; UPSTREAM; BIOLOGY; OREGON AB The Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is in decline in the Columbia River Basin, and translocating adult lamprey to bypass difficult migration corridors has been implemented since 2000. We describe and report results from two current translocation programs, provide context for use of translocation, and discuss potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties. Both translocation programs appear to have increased the number of spawning adults and the presence of larvae and juveniles; however, any subsequent increase in naturally spawning adults will require at least one, and likely more, generations to be realized. It was seen that the number of adults entering the Umatilla River increased beginning four years after the first translocations. Potential benefits of translocation programs are increased pheromone production by ammocoetes to attract adults, increased lamprey distribution and abundance in target areas, increased marine-derived nutrients, and promotion of tribal culture. Potential risks include disruption of population structure and associated genetic adaptations, disease transmission, and depletion of donor stocks. C1 [Ward, David L.] HDR Engn Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Clugston, David] USA, Corps Engn, Portland, OR 97209 USA. [Jackson, Aaron D.] Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Peery, Chris] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Ward, DL (reprint author), HDR Engn Inc, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM david.ward@hdrinc.com NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 2012 VL 37 IS 8 BP 351 EP 361 DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.704818 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 992VX UT WOS:000307809400003 ER PT J AU Buijsman, MC Legg, S Klymak, J AF Buijsman, Maarten C. Legg, Sonya Klymak, Jody TI Double-Ridge Internal Tide Interference and Its Effect on Dissipation in Luzon Strait SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; BAROCLINIC TIDES; SOLITARY WAVES; KAENA RIDGE; GENERATION; TOPOGRAPHY; MODEL; PROPAGATION; HAWAII; OCEAN AB Luzon Strait between Taiwan and the Philippines features two parallel north south-oriented ridges. The barotropic tides that propagate over these ridges cause strong internal waves and dissipation. The energy dissipation mechanisms and the role of the baroclinic wave fields in this dissipation are investigated using numerical simulations with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). The model is integrated over two-dimensional configurations along a zonal transect at 20.6 degrees N for a maximum duration of a spring neap cycle. Nearly all dissipation occurs at the steep ridge crests due to high-mode turbulent lee waves with horizontal scales of several kilometers and vertical scales of hundreds of meters. The spatial structure and timing of the predicted velocities and dissipation agree with observations and confirm the existence of these lee waves. The lee wave strength is greatly affected by the internal waves generated at the other ridge. When semidiurnal barotropic tides are dominant, the internal wave beams from both ridges nearly superpose after one surface reflection. The remotely generated internal waves from both ridges are therefore in phase with each other and the barotropic tides at the ridges. The barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion, energy flux divergence, ridge top velocities, and dissipation are stronger compared to the sum of the single east ridge and single west ridge cases. When diurnal tides are dominant, the wave fields are more out of phase and the conversion, divergence, and dissipation are less than or equal to the single ridge cases combined. C1 [Buijsman, Maarten C.; Legg, Sonya] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Klymak, Jody] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Buijsman, MC (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM maarten.buijsman@noaa.gov RI Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008; Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010 OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600; FU Office of Naval Research [ONRDC32025354] FX We thank the Office of Naval Research for funding this research under ONRDC32025354. We are grateful to Matthew Alford, Jennifer MacKinnon, Jonathan Nash, and Harper Simmons for sharing the N2 station data. Moreover, Harper Simmons and Steve Ramp are acknowledged for sharing the multibeam data. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1337 EP 1356 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-0210.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 992QF UT WOS:000307794100007 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Wynne, TT Baker, DB Fahnenstiel, GL AF Stumpf, Richard P. Wynne, Timothy T. Baker, David B. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. TI Interannual Variability of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Lake Erie SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; SATELLITE DETECTION; SAGINAW BAY; MERIS; ECOSYSTEM; CHLOROPHYLL; QUALITY; MUSSELS; BIOMASS AB After a 20-year absence, severe cyanobacterial blooms have returned to Lake Erie in the last decade, in spite of negligible change in the annual load of total phosphorus (TP). Medium-spectral Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) imagery was used to quantify intensity of the cyanobacterial bloom for each year from 2002 to 2011. The blooms peaked in August or later, yet correlate to discharge (Q) and TP loads only for March through June. The influence of the spring TP load appears to have started in the late 1990 s, after Dreissenid mussels colonized the lake, as hindcasts prior to 1998 are inconsistent with the observed blooms. The total spring Q or TP load appears sufficient to predict bloom magnitude, permitting a seasonal forecast prior to the start of the bloom. C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.; Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Baker, David B.] Univ Heidelberg, Natl Ctr Water Qual Res, Tiffin, OH USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Richard.stumpf@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNH08ZDA001N]; NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; [NNH09AL53I] FX This study was partially funded by NASA Applied Science Program announcement NNH08ZDA001N, contract NNH09AL53I, and the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. MERIS imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.9975). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 85 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 8 AR e42444 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042444 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984SU UT WOS:000307212800091 PM 22870327 ER PT J AU Seager, AL Shah, UK Mikhail, JM Nelson, BC Marquis, BJ Doak, SH Johnson, GE Griffiths, SM Carmichael, PL Scott, SJ Scott, AD Jenkins, GJS AF Seager, Anna L. Shah, Ume-Kulsoom Mikhail, Jane M. Nelson, Bryant C. Marquis, Bryce J. Doak, Shareen H. Johnson, George E. Griffiths, Sioned M. Carmichael, Paul L. Scott, Sharon J. Scott, Andrew D. Jenkins, Gareth J. S. TI Pro-oxidant Induced DNA Damage in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells: Homeostatic Mechanisms of Genotoxic Tolerance SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pro-oxidants; DNA damage; reactive oxygen species; DNA repair; OGG1; antioxidants; glutathione; genotoxicology; thresholds ID OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; REPAIR; EXPRESSION; THRESHOLDS; BROMATE; CARCINOGENESIS; CONSEQUENCES; CYTOTOXICITY; ENHANCEMENT; INDUCTION AB Oxidative stress contributes to many disease etiologies including ageing, neurodegeneration, and cancer, partly through DNA damage induction (genotoxicity). Understanding the interactions of free radicals with DNA is fundamental to discern mutation risks. In genetic toxicology, regulatory authorities consider that most genotoxins exhibit a linear relationship between dose and mutagenic response. Yet, homeostatic mechanisms, including DNA repair, that allow cells to tolerate low levels of genotoxic exposure exist. Acceptance of thresholds for genotoxicity has widespread consequences in terms of understanding cancer risk and regulating human exposure to chemicals/drugs. Three pro-oxidant chemicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium bromate (KBrO3), and menadione, were examined for low dose-response curves in human lymphoblastoid cells. DNA repair and antioxidant capacity were assessed as possible threshold mechanisms. H2O2 and KBrO3, but not menadione, exhibited thresholded responses, containing a range of nongenotoxic low doses. Levels of the DNA glycosylase 8-oxoguanine glycosylase were unchanged in response to pro-oxidant stress. DNA repair focused gene expression arrays reported changes in ATM and BRCAI, involved in double-strand break repair, in response to low-dose pro-oxidant exposure; however, these alterations were not substantiated at the protein level. Determination of oxidatively induced DNA damage in H2O2-treated AHH-1 cells reported accumulation of thymine glycol above the genotoxic threshold. Further, the H2O2 dose-response curve was shifted by modulating the antioxidant glutathione. Hence, observed pro-oxidant thresholds were due to protective capacities of base excision repair enzymes and antioxidants against DNA damage, highlighting the importance of homeostatic mechanisms in "genotoxic tolerance." C1 [Seager, Anna L.; Shah, Ume-Kulsoom; Mikhail, Jane M.; Doak, Shareen H.; Johnson, George E.; Griffiths, Sioned M.; Jenkins, Gareth J. S.] Swansea Univ, Coll Med, ILS, DNA Damage Res Grp, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Nelson, Bryant C.; Marquis, Bryce J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carmichael, Paul L.; Scott, Sharon J.; Scott, Andrew D.] SEAC, Bedford MK44 1LQ, England. RP Seager, AL (reprint author), Swansea Univ, Coll Med, ILS, DNA Damage Res Grp, Singleton Pk, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM a.l.seager@swansea.ac.uk OI Johnson, George/0000-0001-5643-9942; jenkins, gareth/0000-0002-5437-8389; Doak, Shareen/0000-0002-6753-1987 FU Unilever FX Unilever. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 128 IS 2 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfs152 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 991JY UT WOS:000307698500009 PM 22539617 ER PT J AU Peng, PT Kumar, A Halpert, MS Barnston, AG AF Peng, Peitao Kumar, Arun Halpert, Michael S. Barnston, Anthony G. TI An Analysis of CPC's Operational 0.5-Month Lead Seasonal Outlooks SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; FINITE SAMPLES; SKILL MEASURES; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; PREDICTION; ENSO; CLASSIFICATION; VERIFICATION; VARIABILITY AB An analysis and verification of 15 years of Climate Prediction Center (CPC) operational seasonal surface temperature and precipitation climate outlooks over the United States is presented for the shortest and most commonly used lead time of 0.5 months. The analysis is intended to inform users of the characteristics and skill of the outlooks, and inform the forecast producers of specific biases or weaknesses to help guide development of improved forecast tools and procedures. The forecast assessments include both categorical and probabilistic verification diagnostics and their seasonalities, and encompass both temporal and spatial variations in forecast skill. A reliability analysis assesses the correspondence between the forecast probabilities and their corresponding observed relative frequencies. Attribution of skill to specific physical sources is discussed. ENSO and long-term trends are shown to be the two dominant sources of seasonal forecast skill. Higher average skill is found for temperature than for precipitation, largely because temperature benefits from trends to a much greater extent than precipitation, whose skill is more exclusively ENSO based. Skill over the United States is substantially dependent on season and location. The warming trend is shown to have been reproduced, but considerably underestimated, in the forecasts. Aside from this underestimation, and slight overconfidence in precipitation forecast probabilities, a fairly good correspondence between forecast probabilities and subsequent observed relative frequencies is found. This confirms that the usually weak forecast probability anomalies, while disappointing to some users, are justified by normally modest signal-to-noise ratios. C1 [Peng, Peitao; Kumar, Arun; Halpert, Michael S.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Barnston, Anthony G.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 898 EP 917 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00143.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988LT UT WOS:000307493200005 ER PT J AU Heinselman, PL LaDue, DS Lazrus, H AF Heinselman, Pamela L. LaDue, Daphne S. Lazrus, Heather TI Exploring Impacts of Rapid-Scan Radar Data on NWS Warning Decisions SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; INFORMATION; VERIFICATION; FORECASTERS; TORNADOES; PROJECT AB Rapid-scan weather radars, such as the S-band phased array radar at the National Weather Radar Testbed in Norman, Oklahoma, improve precision in the depiction of severe storm processes. To explore potential impacts of such data on forecaster warning decision making, 12 National Weather Service forecasters participated in a preliminary study with two control conditions: 1) when radar scan time was similar to volume coverage pattern 12(4.5 min) and 2) when radar scan time was faster (43 s). Under these control conditions, forecasters were paired and worked a tropical tornadic supercell case. Their decision processes were observed and audio was recorded, interactions with data displays were video recorded, and the products were archived. A debriefing was conducted with each of the six teams independently and jointly, to ascertain the forecaster decision-making process. Analysis of these data revealed that teams examining the same data sometimes came to different conclusions about whether and when to warn. Six factors contributing toward these differences were identified: 1) experience, 2) conceptual models, 3) confidence, 4) tolerance of possibly missing a tornado occurrence, 5) perceived threats, and 6) software issues. The three 43-s teams issued six warnings: three verified, two did not verify, and one event was missed. Warning lead times were the following: tornado, 18.6 and 11.5 min, and severe, 6 min. The three tornado warnings issued by the three 4.5-min teams verified, though warning lead times were shorter: 4.6 and 0 min (two teams). In this case, use of rapid-scan data showed the potential to extend warning lead time and improve forecasters' confidence, compared to standard operations. C1 [Heinselman, Pamela L.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [LaDue, Daphne S.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lazrus, Heather] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Heinselman, PL (reprint author), NOAA NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM pam.heinselman@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma [NA08OAR4320904, NA17RJ1227] FX A portion of the funding for this work was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904 and NA17RJ1227. We are grateful to our NWS participants, and those who assisted with meteorological software displays and data: Charles Kerr, Kevin Manross, Darrel Kingfield, and Mark Sessing; EWP recruitment and infrastructure, Greg Stumpf and Travis Smith; observersations, Kim Klockow, Heather Moser, and Rachel Riley; transcription, Natalie Daab; audio quality improvements, James Murnan; and informal reviews, Liz Quoetone, Rachel Riley, Doug Speheger, and Robert Hoffman. We thank the three external reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1044 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00145.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988LT UT WOS:000307493200013 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q van den Dool, H AF Zhang, Qin van den Dool, Huug TI Relative Merit of Model Improvement versus Availability of Retrospective Forecasts: The Case of Climate Forecast System MJO Prediction SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SKILL AB Retrospective forecasts of the new NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) have been analyzed out to 45 days from 1999 to 2009 with four members (0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC) each day. The new version of CFS [CFS, version 2 (CFSv2)] shows significant improvement over the older CFS [CFS, version 1 (CFSv1)] in predicting the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), with skill reaching 2-3 weeks in comparison with the CFSv1's skill of nearly 1 week. Diagnostics of experiments related to the MJO forecast show that the systematic error correction, possible only because of the enormous hindcast dataset and the ensemble aspects of the prediction system (4 times a day), do contribute to improved forecasts. But the main reason is the improvement in the model and initial conditions between 1995 and 2010. C1 [Zhang, Qin; van den Dool, Huug] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM qin.zhang@noaa.gov FU NASA-MAP FX The authors thank Suranjana Saha, Patrick Tripp, and others at NCEP's Environmental Modeling Center for making these forecasts and providing the data. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by a NASA-MAP proposal entitled Pathways to Predictability on Sub-Seasonal Time Scales: Assessing the Role of Tropical Forcing and Land Surface Conditions. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1051 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00133.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988LT UT WOS:000307493200014 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Schumacher, AB Knaff, JA DeMaria, M Fukada, EM Sisk, CA Roberts, DP Winters, KA Wilson, HM AF Sampson, Charles R. Schumacher, Andrea B. Knaff, John A. DeMaria, Mark Fukada, Edward M. Sisk, Chris A. Roberts, David P. Winters, Katherine A. Wilson, Harold M. TI Objective Guidance for Use in Setting Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WIND; FORECASTS AB The Department of Defense uses a Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (TC-CORs) system to prepare bases and evacuate assets and personnel in advance of adverse weather associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). TC-CORs are recommended by weather facilities either on base or at central sites and generally are related to the timing and potential for destructive (50 kt; 1 kt approximate to 0.5144 m s(-1)) sustained winds. Recommendations are then considered by base or area commanders along with other factors for setting the TC-CORs. Ideally, the TC-CORs are set sequentially, from TC-COR IV (destructive winds within 72 h), through TC-COR III (destructive winds within 48 h) and TC-COR II (destructive winds within 24 h), and finally to TC-COR I (destructive winds within 12 h), if needed. Each TC-COR, once set, initiates a series of preparations and actions. Preparations for TC-COR IV can be as unobtrusive as obtaining emergency supplies, while preparations and actions leading up to TC-COR I are generally far more costly, intrusive, and labor-intensive activities. The purpose of this paper is to describe an objective aid that provides TC-COR guidance for meteorologists to use when making recommendations to base commanders. The TC-COR guidance is based on wind probability thresholds from an operational wind probability product run at the U.S. tropical cyclone forecast centers. An analysis on 113 independent cases from various bases shows the skill of the objective aid and how well it compares with the operational TC-CORs. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to demonstrate some of the advantages and pitfalls of raising or lowering the wind probability thresholds used by this objective aid. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Schumacher, Andrea B.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knaff, John A.; DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Fukada, Edward M.] Joint Typhoon Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Sisk, Chris A.; Roberts, David P.] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Winters, Katherine A.] Patrick AFB, Melbourne, FL USA. [Wilson, Harold M.] Fleet Weather Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM buck.sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command FX The authors would like to acknowledge Ann Schrader for her work with the ATCF. The authors also wish to acknowledge John Cook, Jim Hansen, Simon Chang, Chris Landsea, Scott Stripling, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. The authors acknowledge the many people (John Okon, Jonathan Leffler, Chris Bridgham, Will Girdler, Brian McDonald, Mike McAleenan, and others) at operational military bases who supplied information for this study, including Andersen AB, Kadena AB, Yokota AB, FWC Norfolk, Yokosuka Naval Station, and Patrick AB. The authors also would like to thank Stars and Stripes magazine for their diligent efforts in logging Okinawa tropical cyclone passages and the Weather Underground (www.wunderground.com) for their extensive archive of weather observations. The authors thank the Commander Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command for funding this project, and for their patience while awaiting the evaluation results. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1060 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00008.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 988LT UT WOS:000307493200015 ER PT J AU Chandler, RE Thorne, P Lawrimore, J Willett, K AF Chandler, Richard E. Thorne, Peter Lawrimore, Jay Willett, Kate TI Building trust in climate science: data products for the 21st century SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE benchmarking; climate; governance; public trust in science; transparency ID QUALITY-ASSURANCE; TEMPERATURE; SERIES; TRENDS; SCALE AB Climate science has a key role to play in informing strategies for adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change. However, given the magnitude of the issues involved and their implications, it is imperative that the scientific process isand is seen to berigorous, defensible, and transparent so as to ensure trust in the results. A key element in building such trust is to provide access to underlying data, so that interested parties can check published results and compare with their own analyses. A further priority is to provide data at the fine space and time scales that are relevant for user needs. Until recently, the ability to meet these requirements has been constrained by data-sharing agreements and limitations on digital storage and processing. This is now changing however, thanks to improved global collaboration, communication and computing capability. This article describes current efforts to exploit these opportunities via the International Surface Temperature Initiative, an international and multidisciplinary effort that aims: firstly, to create a single comprehensive global databank of surface meteorological observations at monthly, daily, and sub-daily resolutions; and secondly, to encourage the contribution of multiple independent data products, subject to common performance assessment and benchmarking criteria, thus providing the opportunity for a detailed assessment of uncertainties. The rationale for the initiative is discussed, along with logistical and technical challenges, as well as opportunities for involvement from the statistical and wider scientific and user communities. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chandler, Richard E.] UCL, Dept Stat Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Thorne, Peter] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, Peter; Lawrimore, Jay] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Willett, Kate] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Chandler, RE (reprint author), UCL, Dept Stat Sci, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM richard@stats.ucl.ac.uk RI Chandler, Richard/A-2950-2012; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Chandler, Richard/0000-0002-1116-222X; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2012 VL 23 IS 5 SI SI BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1002/env.2141 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 979AS UT WOS:000306787700003 ER PT J AU Beltran, F Sanso, B Lemos, RT Mendelssohn, R AF Beltran, Francisco Sanso, Bruno Lemos, Ricardo T. Mendelssohn, Roy TI Joint projections of North Pacific sea surface temperature from different global climate models SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE global climate model ensembles; dynamic linear models; EOF analysis; ocean index ID SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; OSCILLATION; UNCERTAINTY; ENSEMBLES; FIT AB The goal of this work is to develop a general methodology to obtain joint projections of climate indexes, based on ensembles of global climate model (GCM) output and historical records. As a case study, we consider sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean. We use two ensembles of 17 different GCM results, made available in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: one corresponds to 20th-century forcing conditions, and the other corresponds to the A1B emission scenario for the 21st century. Given a representation of the SST spatio-temporal fields based on a common set of empirical orthogonal functions, we use a hierarchical Bayesian model for the empirical orthogonal function coefficients to estimate a baseline and a set of model discrepancies. These components are all time varying. The model enables us to extract relevant temporal patterns of variability from both the observations and the simulations and obtain common patterns from all 18 series. This is used to obtain unified 21st-century forecasts of relevant oceanic indexes as well as whole fields of North Pacific SST forecast. We compare the forecast index for different timescales and compare the SST reconstructions with the GCMs for the 21st century. Although the coarser time resolution produces clearer and faster results, we show that finer timescales produce results with structures that are similar to ones obtained at coarser scales. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Beltran, Francisco; Sanso, Bruno] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA NMFS Environm Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Lemos, Ricardo T.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math CARM, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Beltran, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St,MS SOE2, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM beltran@soe.ucsc.edu RI Silva Tavares de Lemos, Ricardo/D-6703-2012 FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation [DMS-0906765] FX We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for their roles in making available the WCRP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. The first author was partially funded by a Fisheries and the Environment grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The second author was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant DMS-0906765. We acknowledge the valuable input from two anonymous referees. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1180-4009 EI 1099-095X J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD AUG PY 2012 VL 23 IS 5 SI SI BP 451 EP 465 DI 10.1002/env.2150 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 979AS UT WOS:000306787700009 ER PT J AU Hu, RQ Qian, Y Chen, HH Mouftah, HT AF Hu, Rose Qingyang Qian, Yi Chen, Hsiao-Hwa Mouftah, Hussein T. TI CYBER SECURITY FOR SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS: PART I SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Mouftah, Hussein T.] Univ Ottawa, SITE, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Mouftah, Hussein T.] Queens Univ, ECE Deptaartment, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Hu, RQ (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM rosehu@ieee.org; yqian@ieee.org; hshwchen@ieee.org; mouftah@uottawa.ca NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 50 IS 8 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 987UB UT WOS:000307442200001 ER PT J AU Bell, MM Montgomery, MT Lee, WC AF Bell, Michael M. Montgomery, Michael T. Lee, Wen-Chau TI An Axisymmetric View of Concentric Eyewall Evolution in Hurricane Rita (2005) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED TROPICAL CYCLONE; VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; INNER-CORE; PART II; SECONDARY EYEWALL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; KINETIC-ENERGY; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; GPS DROPWINDSONDE AB Multiplatform observations of Hurricane Rita (2005) were collected as part of the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) field campaign during a concentric eyewall stage of the storm's life cycle that occurred during 21-22 September. Satellite, aircraft, dropwindsonde, and Doppler radar data are used here to examine the symmetric evolution of the hurricane as it underwent eyewall replacement. During the approximately 1-day observation period, developing convection associated with the secondary eyewall became more symmetric and contracted inward. Latent heating in the emergent secondary eyewall led to the development of a distinct toroidal (overturning) circulation with inertially constrained radial inflow above the boundary layer and compensating subsidence in the moat region, properties that are consistent broadly with the balanced vortex response to an imposed ring of diabatic heating outside the primary eyewall. The primary eyewall's convection became more asymmetric during the observation period, but the primary eyewall was still the dominant swirling wind and vorticity structure throughout the period. The observed structure and evolution of Rita's secondary eyewall suggest that spinup of the tangential winds occurred both within and above the boundary layer, and that both balanced and unbalanced dynamical processes played an important role. Although Rita's core intensity decreased during the observation period, the observations indicate a 125% increase in areal extent of hurricane-force winds and a 19% increase in integrated kinetic energy resulting from the eyewall replacement. C1 [Bell, Michael M.; Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Bell, Michael M.; Lee, Wen-Chau] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Bell, MM (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. EM mmbell@nps.edu RI Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009 OI Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X FU National Science Foundation; NCAR-EOL; U.S. Office of Naval Research, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division [N00014-03-1-0185]; National Science Foundation NSF [AGS-0733380, AGS-07154215] FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; The authors would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation for supporting the RAINEX experiment and National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the many participants who made the project a success. We would like to specifically thank Robert Houze and Bradley Smull for their expertise in the field and helpful comments during the early phase of this research; Kristen Corbosiero for providing the vertical shear calculations; Anthony Didlake for providing the gradient balance residuals; and Sergio Abarca, Michael Riemer, Yuqing Wang, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. MMB and WCL were supported by NCAR-EOL, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. MTM acknowledges the support of Grant N00014-03-1-0185 from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and the National Science Foundation NSF AGS-0733380 and AGS-07154215. NR 83 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2414 EP 2432 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0167.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983XB UT WOS:000307150900006 ER PT J AU Dias, J Tulich, SN Kiladis, GN AF Dias, Juliana Tulich, Stefan N. Kiladis, George N. TI An Object-Based Approach to Assessing the Organization of Tropical Convection SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; CLOUD CLUSTERS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; KELVIN WAVE; PART II; SYSTEMS; PACIFIC; SCALE AB The organization of tropical convection is assessed through an object-based analysis of satellite brightness temperature data T-b, a proxy for convective activity. The analysis involves the detection of contiguous cloud regions (CCRs) in the three-dimensional space of latitude, longitude, and time where T-b falls below a given threshold. A range of thresholds is considered and only CCRs that satisfy a minimum size constraint are retained in the analysis. Various statistical properties of CCRs are documented including their zonal speed of propagation, which is estimated using a Radon transformation technique. Consistent with previous studies, a majority of CCRs are found to propagate westward, typically at speeds of around 15 m s(-1) regardless of underlying T-b threshold. Most of these zonally propagating CCRs have lifetimes less than 2 days and zonal widths less than 800 km, implying aggregation of just a few individual mesoscale convective systems. This object-based perspective is somewhat different than that obtained in previous Fourier-based analyses, which primarily emphasize the organization of convection on synoptic and planetary scales via wave convection coupling. To reconcile these contrasting views, an object-based data reconstruction is developed that objectively demonstrates how the spectral peaks of synoptic- to planetary-scale waves can be attributed to the organization of CCRs into larger-scale wave envelopes. A novel method based on the randomization of CCRs in physical space leads to an empirical background spectrum for organized tropical convection that does not rely on any smoothing in spectral space. Normalization by this background reveals spectral peaks associated with synoptic- and planetary-scale waves that are consistent with previous studies. C1 [Dias, Juliana; Tulich, Stefan N.; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tulich, Stefan N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dias, J (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM juliana.dias@noaa.gov FU CIRES Visiting Fellowship; NRC Research Associate fellowship; NSF Grant [ATM-0806553] FX We thank S. Leroux, M. Wheeler, J.-I. Yano, and Z. Kuang for their careful and thoughtful suggestions that greatly improved this paper. J. Dias acknowledges the support by CIRES Visiting Fellowship and NRC Research Associate fellowship. S. Tulich acknowledges the support by NSF Grant ATM-0806553. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2488 EP 2504 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0293.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983XB UT WOS:000307150900010 ER PT J AU Muller, CJ Held, IM AF Muller, Caroline J. Held, Isaac M. TI Detailed Investigation of the Self-Aggregation of Convection in Cloud-Resolving Simulations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EXPLICIT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION; VERTICAL WIND SHEARS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; MOIST CONVECTION; EQUILIBRIUM; MODEL; FORMULATION; STATES AB In models of radiative-convective equilibrium it is known that convection can spontaneously aggregate into one single localized moist region if the domain is large enough. The large changes in the mean climate state and radiative fluxes accompanying this self-aggregation raise questions as to what simulations at lower resolutions with parameterized convection, in similar homogeneous geometries, should be expected to produce to be considered successful in mimicking a cloud-resolving model. The authors investigate this self-aggregation in a nonrotating, three-dimensional cloud-resolving model on a square domain without large-scale forcing. It is found that self-aggregation is sensitive not only to the domain size, but also to the horizontal resolution. With horizontally homogeneous initial conditions, convective aggregation only occurs on domains larger than about 200 km and with resolutions coarser than about 2 km in the model examined. The system exhibits hysteresis, so that with aggregated initial conditions, convection remains aggregated even at our finest resolution, 500 m, as long as the domain is greater than 200-300 km. The sensitivity of self-aggregation to resolution and domain size in this model is due to the sensitivity of the distribution of low clouds to these two parameters. Indeed, the mechanism responsible for the aggregation of convection is the dynamical response to the longwave radiative cooling from low clouds. Strong longwave cooling near cloud top in dry regions forces downward motion, which by continuity generates inflow near cloud top and near-surface outflow from dry regions. This circulation results in the net export of moist static energy from regions with low moist static energy, yielding a positive feedback. C1 [Muller, Caroline J.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Muller, CJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM caroline.muller@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2551 EP 2565 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0257.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983XB UT WOS:000307150900014 ER PT J AU Ritchie, NWM Newbury, DE Davis, JM AF Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Newbury, Dale E. Davis, Jeffrey M. TI EDS Measurements of X-Ray Intensity at WDS Precision and Accuracy Using a Silicon Drift Detector SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Omaha Imaging Symposium CY APR 08, 2011 CL Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE HO Creighton Univ DE EPMA; wavelength spectrometry; silicon drift detector (SDD); energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry; electron probe microanalysis; WDS; ZAF; quantitative correction ID MICROANALYSIS; SYSTEM AB The accuracy and precision of X-ray intensity measurements with a silicon drift detector (SDD) are compared with the same measurements performed on a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS) for a variety of elements in a variety of materials. In cases of major (>0.10 mass fraction) and minor (>0.01 mass fraction) elements, the SDD is demonstrated to perform as well or better than the WDS. This is demonstrated both for simple cases in which the spectral peaks do not interfere (SRM-481, SRM-482, and SRM-479a), and for more difficult cases in which the spectral peaks have significant interferences (the Ba L/Ti K lines in a series of Ba/Ti glasses and minerals). We demonstrate that even in the case of significant interference high count SDD spectra are capable of accurately measuring Ti in glasses with Ba: Ti mass fraction ratios from 2.7:1 to 23.8:1. The results suggest that for many measurements wavelength spectrometry can be replaced with an SDD with improved accuracy and precision. C1 [Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Newbury, Dale E.; Davis, Jeffrey M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ritchie, NWM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.ritchie@nist.gov NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 39 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 892 EP 904 DI 10.1017/S1431927612001109 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 984EF UT WOS:000307171900031 PM 22846890 ER PT J AU Sparks, W Germer, TA MacKenty, JW Snik, F AF Sparks, William Germer, Thomas A. MacKenty, John W. Snik, Frans TI Compact and robust method for full Stokes spectropolarimetry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID IMAGING POLARIMETER; CHANNELED SPECTRUM; POLARIZATION; DEVICE AB We present an approach to spectropolarimetry that requires neither moving parts nor time dependent modulation, and that offers the prospect of achieving high sensitivity. The technique applies equally well, in principle, in the optical, UV, or IR. The concept, which is one of those generically known as channeled polarimetry, is to encode the polarization information at each wavelength along the spatial dimension of a two-dimensional data array using static, robust optical components. A single 2D data frame contains the full polarization information and can be configured to measure either two or all of the Stokes polarization parameters. By acquiring full polarimetric information in a single observation, we simplify polarimetry of transient sources and in situations where the instrument and target are in relative motion. The robustness and simplicity of the approach, coupled with its potential for high sensitivity, and applicability over a wide wavelength range, is likely to prove useful for applications in challenging environments such as space. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Sparks, William; MacKenty, John W.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Snik, Frans] Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Sparks, W (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM sparks@stsci.edu FU Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) James Webb Space Telescope Director's Discretionary Research Fund JDF [D0101.90152]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX We acknowledge support from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) James Webb Space Telescope Director's Discretionary Research Fund JDF grant number D0101.90152. STScI is operated by the Association for Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Patent pending, all rights reserved. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 22 BP 5495 EP 5511 DI 10.1364/AO.51.005495 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984AU UT WOS:000307160600019 PM 22859040 ER PT J AU Huang, BH Hu, ZZ Schneider, EK Wu, ZH Xue, Y Klinger, B AF Huang, Bohua Hu, Zeng-Zhen Schneider, Edwin K. Wu, Zhaohua Xue, Yan Klinger, Barry TI Influences of tropical-extratropical interaction on the multidecadal AMOC variability in the NCEP climate forecast system SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL OCEAN; ADVECTIVE MECHANISM; TIME SCALES; TEMPERATURE AB We have examined the mechanisms of a multidecadal oscillation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in a 335-year simulation of the Climate Forecast System (CFS), the climate prediction model developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Both the mean and seasonal cycle of the AMOC in the CFS are generally consistent with observation-based estimates with a maximum northward volume transport of 16 Sv (10(6) m(3)/s) near 35A degrees N at 1.2 km. The annual mean AMOC shows an intermittent quasi 30-year oscillation. Its dominant structure includes a deep anomalous overturning cell (referred to as the anomalous AMOC) with amplitude of 0.6 Sv near 35A degrees N and an anomalous subtropical cell (STC) of shallow overturning spanning across the equator. The mechanism for the oscillation includes a positive feedback between the anomalous AMOC and surface wind stress anomalies in mid-latitudes and a negative feedback between the anomalous STC and AMOC. A strong AMOC is associated with warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) centered near 45A degrees N, which generates an anticyclonic easterly surface wind anomaly. This anticyclonic wind anomaly enhances the regional downwelling and reinforces the anomalous AMOC. In the mean time, a wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback extends the warm SSTA to the tropics and induces a cyclonic wind stress anomaly there, which drives a tropical upwelling and weakens the STC north of the equator. The STC anomaly, in turn, drives a cold upper ocean heat content anomaly (HCA) in the northern tropical Atlantic and weakens the meridional heat transport from the tropics to the mid-latitude through an anomalous southward western boundary current. The anomalous STC transports cold HCA from the subtropics to the mid-latitudes, weakening the mid-latitude deep overturning. C1 [Huang, Bohua; Schneider, Edwin K.; Klinger, Barry] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Bohua; Schneider, Edwin K.; Klinger, Barry] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua; Xue, Yan] Natl Ctr Environm Prediction NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wu, Zhaohua] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Huang, BH (reprint author), Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM huangb@cola.iges.org RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Wu, Zhaohua/N-7102-2013; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Wu, Zhaohua/0000-0003-1660-0724 FU NOAA CVP Program [NA07OAR4310310]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1139479] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. J. Shukla, J. Kinter and A. Kumar for their support and guidance of this project. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. We also thank Drs. Boyin Huang, Shaoqing Zhang, Sirpa Hakkinen, Young-Gyu Park and Caihong Wen for beneficiary discussions and useful suggestions. We are grateful to Drs. C. Stan and V. Krishnamurthy for reviewing and editing an early version of the manuscript carefully and for making many constructive suggestions. Bohua Huang is supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310). Zhaohua Wu is supported by the National Science Foundation project AGS-1139479. The CFS simulation was carried out on the NCAR supercomputing system. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 531 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1258-z PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985MQ UT WOS:000307271200001 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hu, ZZ AF Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI Uncertainty in the ocean-atmosphere feedbacks associated with ENSO in the reanalysis products SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Reanalysis products; ENSO feedback; Dynamical and thermodynamical processes; Uncertainty; Multi-reanalysis ensemble; Coupled and uncoupled reanalyses ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; COUPLED GCM; MODELS; CONVECTION; PHYSICS; FLUXES AB The evolution of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability can be characterized by various ocean-atmosphere feedbacks, for example, the influence of ENSO related sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the low-level wind and surface heat fluxes in the equatorial tropical Pacific, which in turn affects the evolution of the SST. An analysis of these feedbacks requires physically consistent observational data sets. Availability of various reanalysis data sets produced during the last 15 years provides such an opportunity. A consolidated estimate of ocean surface fluxes based on multiple reanalyses also helps understand biases in ENSO predictions and simulations from climate models. In this paper, the intensity and the spatial structure of ocean-atmosphere feedback terms (precipitation, surface wind stress, and ocean surface heat flux) associated with ENSO are evaluated for six different reanalysis products. The analysis provides an estimate for the feedback terms that could be used for model validation studies. The analysis includes the robustness of the estimate across different reanalyses. Results show that one of the "coupled" reanalysis among the six investigated is closer to the ensemble mean of the results, suggesting that the coupled data assimilation may have the potential to better capture the overall atmosphere-ocean feedback processes associated with ENSO than the uncoupled ones. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Arun.Kumar@NOAA.GOV RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 575 EP 588 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1104-3 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985MQ UT WOS:000307271200003 ER PT J AU Jiang, XN Waliser, DE Kim, D Zhao, M Sperber, KR Stern, WF Schubert, SD Zhang, GJ Wang, WQ Khairoutdinov, M Neale, RB Lee, MI AF Jiang, Xianan Waliser, Duane E. Kim, Daehyun Zhao, Ming Sperber, Kenneth R. Stern, William F. Schubert, Siegfried D. Zhang, Guang J. Wang, Wanqiu Khairoutdinov, Marat Neale, Richard B. Lee, Myong-In TI Simulation of the intraseasonal variability over the Eastern Pacific ITCZ in climate models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Intraseasonal variability; Eastern Pacific warm pool; ITCZ ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTH-AMERICAN-MONSOON; WEST-AFRICAN MONSOON; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; FORECAST SYSTEM MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BOREAL SUMMER AB During boreal summer, convective activity over the eastern Pacific (EPAC) inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) exhibits vigorous intraseasonal variability (ISV). Previous observational studies identified two dominant ISV modes over the EPAC, i.e., a 40-day mode and a quasi-biweekly mode (QBM). The 40-day ISV mode is generally considered a local expression of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. However, in addition to the eastward propagation, northward propagation of the 40-day mode is also evident. The QBM mode bears a smaller spatial scale than the 40-day mode, and is largely characterized by northward propagation. While the ISV over the EPAC exerts significant influences on regional climate/weather systems, investigation of contemporary model capabilities in representing these ISV modes over the EPAC is limited. In this study, the model fidelity in representing these two dominant ISV modes over the EPAC is assessed by analyzing six atmospheric and three coupled general circulation models (GCMs), including one super-parameterized GCM (SPCAM) and one recently developed high-resolution GCM (GFDL HIRAM) with horizontal resolution of about 50 km. While it remains challenging for GCMs to faithfully represent these two ISV modes including their amplitude, evolution patterns, and periodicities, encouraging simulations are also noted. In general, SPCAM and HIRAM exhibit relatively superior skill in representing the two ISV modes over the EPAC. While the advantage of SPCAM is achieved through explicit representation of the cumulus process by the embedded 2-D cloud resolving models, the improved representation in HIRAM could be ascribed to the employment of a strongly entraining plume cumulus scheme, which inhibits the deep convection, and thus effectively enhances the stratiform rainfall. The sensitivity tests based on HIRAM also suggest that fine horizontal resolution could also be conducive to realistically capture the ISV over the EPAC, particularly for the QBM mode. Further analysis illustrates that the observed 40-day ISV mode over the EPAC is closely linked to the eastward propagating ISV signals from the Indian Ocean/Western Pacific, which is in agreement with the general impression that the 40-day ISV mode over the EPAC could be a local expression of the global Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). In contrast, the convective signals associated with the 40-day mode over the EPAC in most of the GCM simulations tend to originate between 150A degrees E and 150A degrees W, suggesting the 40-day ISV mode over the EPAC might be sustained without the forcing by the eastward propagating MJO. Further investigation is warranted towards improved understanding of the origin of the ISV over the EPAC. C1 [Jiang, Xianan; Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kim, Daehyun] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Zhao, Ming; Stern, William F.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sperber, Kenneth R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Schubert, Siegfried D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhang, Guang J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Khairoutdinov, Marat] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Neale, Richard B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, Myong-In] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea. RP Jiang, XN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xianan@jifresse.ucla.edu RI Jiang, Xianan/A-2283-2012; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 FU NOAA CPPA program [NA09OAR4310191]; NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics [ATM-0934285]; US Department of Energy Office of Science, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA [NNX09AK34G]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank anonymous reviewers for their critical comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Thanks also to Terry Kubar for his comments and editorial assistance. The first author (XJ) acknowledges support by NOAA CPPA program under Award NA09OAR4310191 and NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics under Award ATM-0934285. K. Sperber was supported under the auspices of the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. DK was supported by NASA grant NNX09AK34G. We thank U.S. CLIVAR MJO Working Group for coordinating this model comparison activity and modeling centers for providing the model output. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 617 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1098-x PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985MQ UT WOS:000307271200006 ER PT J AU Blade, I Liebmann, B Fortuny, D van Oldenborgh, GJ AF Blade, Ileana Liebmann, Brant Fortuny, Didac van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan TI Observed and simulated impacts of the summer NAO in Europe: implications for projected drying in the Mediterranean region SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Summer NAO; Summer Mediterranean precipitation; CMIP3 models; Projected drying; NAO teleconnections; Model projections; Observed precipitation trends ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WAVE-GUIDE; PRECIPITATION; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; FUTURE; SEASONALITY; VARIABILITY; EXTENSION AB Climate models predict substantial summer precipitation reductions in Europe and the Mediterranean region in the twenty-first century, but the extent to which these models correctly represent the mechanisms of summertime precipitation in this region is uncertain. Here an analysis is conducted to compare the observed and simulated impacts of the dominant large-scale driver of summer rainfall variability in Europe and the Mediterranean, the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO). The SNAO is defined as the leading mode of July-August sea level pressure variability in the North Atlantic sector. Although the SNAO is weaker and confined to northern latitudes compared to its winter counterpart, with a southern lobe located over the UK, it significantly affects precipitation in the Mediterranean, particularly Italy and the Balkans (correlations of up to 0.6). During high SNAO summers, when strong anticyclonic conditions and suppressed precipitation prevail over the UK, the Mediterranean region instead is anomalously wet. This enhanced precipitation is related to the presence of a strong upper-level trough over the Balkans-part of a hemispheric pattern of anomalies that develops in association with the SNAO-that leads to mid-level cooling and increased potential instability. Neither this downstream extension nor the surface influence of the SNAO is captured in the two CMIP3 models examined (HadCM3 and GFDL-CM2.1), with weak or non-existent correlations between the SNAO and Mediterranean precipitation. Because these models also predict a strong upward SNAO trend in the future, the error in their representation of the SNAO surface signature impacts the projected precipitation trends. In particular, the attendant increase in precipitation that, based on observations, should occur in the Mediterranean and offset some of the non-SNAO related drying does not occur. Furthermore, the fact that neither the observed SNAO nor summer precipitation in Europe/Mediterranean region exhibits any significant trend so far (for either the full century or the recent half of the record) does not increase our confidence in these model projections. C1 [Blade, Ileana; Fortuny, Didac] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan] Royal Dutch Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Blade, I (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, C Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM ileanablade@ub.edu RI van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/A-4176-2011 OI van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/0000-0002-6898-9535 FU Spanish MICINN [CGL2009-06944]; [Consolider 2007-CSD2007-00050] FX We thank Pablo Zurita for his comments on the manuscript and Nate Mantua, Javier Garcia-Serrano and Vicent Altava for useful discussion of our work. We also thank Ricardo Trigo and an anonymous reviewer for their useful suggestions, which have helped clarify several points in the manuscript. Roy Mendelssohn kindly supplied the SST data. DF was supported by grant Consolider 2007-CSD2007-00050. The work was funded by grant CGL2009-06944 of the Spanish MICINN. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 709 EP 727 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1195-x PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985MQ UT WOS:000307271200011 ER PT J AU Hardison, DR Sunda, WG Litaker, RW Shea, D Tester, PA AF Hardison, D. Ransom Sunda, William G. Litaker, R. Wayne Shea, Damian Tester, Patricia A. TI NITROGEN LIMITATION INCREASES BREVETOXINS IN KARENIA BREVIS (DINOPHYCEAE): IMPLICATIONS FOR BLOOM TOXICITY SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brevetoxins; carbon:nutrient balance hypothesis; cellular volume; CNBH; harmful algal blooms (HAB); Karenia brevis; management; nitrogen limitation; nutrients; PbTx ID PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA MULTISERIES; CARBON-NUTRIENT BALANCE; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; CELL-DENSITY; FLORIDA; AVAILABILITY AB Laboratory and field measurements of the toxin content in Karenia brevis cells vary by >4-fold. These differences have been largely attributed to genotypic variations in toxin production among strains. We hypothesized that nutrient limitation of growth rate is equally or more important in controlling the toxicity of K. brevis, as has been documented for other toxic algae. To test this hypothesis, we measured cellular growth rate, chlorophyll a, cellular carbon and nitrogen, cell volume, and brevetoxins in four strains of K. brevis grown in nutrient-replete and nitrogen (N)-limited semi-continuous cultures. N-limitation resulted in reductions of chlorophyll a, growth rate, volume per cell and nirtogen:carbon (N:C) ratios as well as a two-fold increase (1%4% to 5%9%) in the percentage of cellular carbon present as brevetoxins. The increase in cellular brevetoxin concentrations was consistent among genetically distinct strains. Normalizing brevetoxins to cellular volume instead of per cell eliminated much of the commonly reported toxin variability among strains. These results suggest that genetically linked differences in cellular volume may affect the toxin content of K. brevis cells as much or more than innate genotypic differences in cellular toxin content per unit of biomass. Our data suggest at least some of the >4-fold difference in toxicity per cell reported from field studies can be explained by limitation by nitrogen or other nutrients and by differences in cell size. The observed increase in brevetoxins in nitrogen limited cells is consistent with the carbon:nutrient balance hypothesis for increases in toxins and other plant defenses under nutrient limitation. C1 [Hardison, D. Ransom; Sunda, William G.; Litaker, R. Wayne; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hardison, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers,Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM rance.hardison@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 844 EP 858 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01186.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982BM UT WOS:000307016700003 ER PT J AU Vandersea, MW Kibler, SR Holland, WC Tester, PA Schultz, TF Faust, MA Holmes, MJ Chinain, M Litaker, RW AF Vandersea, Mark W. Kibler, Steven R. Holland, William C. Tester, Patricia A. Schultz, Thomas F. Faust, Maria A. Holmes, Michael J. Chinain, Mirelle Litaker, R. Wayne TI DEVELOPMENT OF SEMI-QUANTITATIVE PCR ASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF GAMBIERDISCUS SPECIES (GONYAULACALES, DINOPHYCEAE) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE qPCR; ciguatera; Gambierdiscus belizeanus; Gambierdiscus caribaeus; Gambierdiscus carolinianus; Gambierdiscus carpenteri; Gambierdiscus ruetzleri; Gambierdiscus ribotype 2; SYBR green ID REAL-TIME PCR; SP-NOV; DINOFLAGELLATE GAMBIERDISCUS; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; CIGUATERA; QUANTIFICATION; SAMPLES; WATER; OCEAN AB Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a serious health problem in tropical regions and is caused by the bioaccumulation of lipophilic toxins produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Gambierdiscus species are morphologically similar and are difficult to distinguish from one another even when using scanning electron microscopy. Improved identification and detection methods that are sensitive and rapid are needed to identify toxic species and investigate potential distribution and abundance patterns in relation to incidences of CFP. This study presents the first species-specific, semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays that can be used to address these questions. These assays are specific for five Gambierdiscus species and one undescribed ribotype. The assays utilized a SYBR green format and targeted unique sequences found within the SSU, ITS, and the D1/D3 LSU ribosomal domains. Standard curves were constructed using known concentrations of cultured cells and 10-fold serial dilutions of rDNA PCR amplicons containing the target sequence for each specific assay. Assay sensitivity and accuracy were tested using DNA extracts purified from known concentrations of multiple Gambierdiscus species. The qPCR assays were used to assess Gambierdiscus species diversity and abundance in samples collected from nearshore areas adjacent to Ft. Pierce and Jupiter, Florida USA. The results indicated that the practical limit of detection for each assay was 10 cells per sample. Most interestingly, the qPCR analysis revealed that as many as four species of Gambierdiscus were present in a single macrophyte sample. C1 [Vandersea, Mark W.; Kibler, Steven R.; Holland, William C.; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Schultz, Thomas F.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Marine Conservat Mol Facil, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Faust, Maria A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl Herbarium, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Holmes, Michael J.] Natl Univ Singapore, Trop Marine Sci Inst, Singapore 119223, Singapore. [Holmes, Michael J.] Aquat Ecosyst Hlth, Dept Environm & Resource Management, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Vandersea, MW (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM mark.w.vandersea@noaa.gov OI Schultz, Thomas/0000-0001-9694-9920 FU NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom Program; Smithsonian Institution Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CCRE); Smithsonian Institution Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endownment; NOAA FX We thank Valerie Paul, Sherry Reed, and William Lee at the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce for their support. Rance Hardison is kindly acknowledged for helping to conduct the multisizer cell enumerations. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive, critical reviews of this manuscript. Reference to tradenames does not imply product endorsement by the National Ocean Service, NOAA. This work was partially supported by a grant from NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Bloom Program. ECOHAB contribution number 671. Support for the research also came from grants provided by the Smithsonian Institution Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CCRE), the Smithsonian Institution Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endownment and NOAA program funds. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 48 IS 4 BP 902 EP 915 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01146.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 982BM UT WOS:000307016700008 PM 27009001 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Mansell, ER Ziegler, CL MacGorman, DR AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Mansell, Edward R. Ziegler, Conrad L. MacGorman, Donald R. TI Application of a Lightning Data Assimilation Technique in the WRF-ARW Model at Cloud-Resolving Scales for the Tornado Outbreak of 24 May 2011 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; STORM; IMPACT; CONVECTION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; ELECTRIFICATION; IMPLEMENTATION; THUNDERSTORMS; SIMULATION AB This study presents the assimilation of total lightning data to help initiate convection at cloud-resolving scales within a numerical weather prediction model. The test case is the 24 May 2011 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, which was characterized by an exceptional synoptic/mesoscale setup for the development of long-lived supercells with large destructive tornadoes. In an attempt to reproduce the observed storms at a predetermined analysis time, total lightning data were assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and analyzed via a suite of simple numerical experiments. Lightning data assimilation forced deep, moist precipitating convection to occur in the model at roughly the locations and intensities of the observed storms as depicted by observations from the National Severe Storms Laboratory's three-dimensional National Mosaic and Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE)-i.e., NMQ-radar reflectivity mosaic product. The nudging function for the total lightning data locally increases the water vapor mixing ratio (and hence relative humidity) via a simple smooth continuous function using gridded pseudo-Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) resolution (9 km) flash rate and simulated graupel mixing ratio as input variables. The assimilation of the total lightning data for only a few hours prior to the analysis time significantly improved the representation of the convection at analysis time and at the 1-h forecast within the convective permitting and convective resolving grids (i.e., 3 and 1 km, respectively). The results also highlighted possible forecast errors resulting from errors in the initial mesoscale thermodynamic variable fields. Although this case was primarily an analysis rather than a forecast, this simple and computationally inexpensive assimilation technique showed promising results and could be useful when applied to events characterized by moderate to intense lightning activity. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014; OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320904]; NESDIS program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-NESDIS-OAR- NA08OAR4320904] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was supported by the NESDIS program, which is under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant NOAA-NESDIS-OAR- NA08OAR4320904. Computer resources were provided both by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors thank Scott Dembek for providing the 40-km NAM data and Ami Arthur for providing the NSSL three-dimensional NMQ radar mosaic data. Thanks also go out to Steve Prinzivalli, Stan Heckman, and Jim Anderson from Earth Networks for providing the total lightning data for this case study. Finally, the authors would like to express their gratitude for the helpful suggestions provided by the anonymous reviewers on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 140 IS 8 BP 2609 EP 2627 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00299.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 982ZX UT WOS:000307086800012 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Chen, SG Yang, CC Lin, PH Aberson, SD AF Wu, Chun-Chieh Chen, Shin-Gan Yang, Chung-Chuan Lin, Po-Hsiung Aberson, Sim D. TI Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of the Factors Affecting the Track of Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) and the Impact from Dropwindsonde Data during T-PARC SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SENSITIVITY STEERING VECTOR; CONCENTRIC EYEWALL FORMATION; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; HURRICANE MOVEMENT; SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; MIDLATITUDE TROUGH; BINARY INTERACTION AB In 2008, abundant dropwindsonde data were collected during both reconnaissance and surveillance flights in and around tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific basin under the framework of The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX)-Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC). The National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) showed significant track improvements for Typhoon Sinlaku (2008) after the assimilation of dropwindsonde data. For this particular typhoon, the potential vorticity (PV) diagnosis is adopted to understand the key factors affecting the track. A data denial run initialized at 0000 UTC 10 September is examined to evaluate how the extra data collected during T-PARC improve GFS track forecasts. A quantitative analysis of the steering flow based on the PV diagnosis indicates that the Pacific subtropical high to the east of Sinlaku is a primary factor that advects Sinlaku northwestward, while the monsoon trough plays a secondary role. The assimilation of dropwindsonde data improves the structure and intensity of the initial vortex and maintains the forecast vortex structure in the vertical. The difference in the vertical extent of the vortices could be regarded as a cause for the discrepancy in steering flow between runs with and without the dropwindsonde data. This paper highlights the importance of improved analyses of the vertical TC structure, and thus of a representative steering flow in the deep troposphere during the forecasts. C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Chen, Shin-Gan; Yang, Chung-Chuan; Lin, Po-Hsiung] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; LIN, PO-HSIUNG/0000-0002-6410-6221; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC97-2111-M-002-016-MY3, NSC98-2111-M-002-008-MY3]; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan [MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01, MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-08-1-G007, N00014-10-1-0725] FX The work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through Grants NSC97-2111-M-002-016-MY3 and NSC98-2111-M-002-008-MY3, the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan through Grants MOTC-CWB-97-6M-01 and MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01, and the Office of Naval Research Grant through N00173-08-1-G007 and N00014-10-1-0725. The authors are grateful to all collaborators contributing to the T-PARC project. The authors also thank Kun-Hsuan Chou and Yi-Shan Liao for their assistance in graphing. The valuable comments from two anonymous reviewers that helped improve the manuscript are also highly appreciated. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 140 IS 8 BP 2670 EP 2688 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00229.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 982ZX UT WOS:000307086800015 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Vecchi, GA AF Villarini, Gabriele Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Twenty-first-century projections of North Atlantic tropical storms from CMIP5 models SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CYCLONE POTENTIAL INTENSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREQUENCY; SIMULATIONS; HURRICANES; REDUCTION AB Assessing potential changes in North Atlantic (NA) tropical storm (TS) activity this century is of paramount societal and economic significance, and the topic of intense scientific research(1). We explore projections of NA TS changes over the twenty-first century by applying a statistical downscaling methodology(2,3) to a suite of experiments with the latest state-of-the-art global coupled climate models(4). We also apply a methodology(5) to partition the dominant sources of uncertainty in the TS projections. We find that over the first half of the twenty-first century radiative forcing changes act to increase NA TS frequency; this increase arises from radiative forcings other than increasing CO2 (probably aerosols). However, NA IS trends over the entire twenty-first century are of ambiguous sign. We find that for NA TS frequency, in contrast to sea surface temperature (SST), the largest uncertainties are driven by the chaotic nature of the climate system and by the climate response to radiative forcing. These results highlight the need to better understand the processes controlling patterns of SST change in response to radiative forcing and internal climate variability to constrain, estimates of future NA IS activity. Coordinated experiments isolating forcing agents in projections should improve our understanding, and would enable better assessment of future TS activity. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London EC3M 7DQ, England. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gvillari@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network FX We are grateful for comments from K. Dixon, I. Held, A. Johansson and R. Msadek. We also acknowledge useful comments by K. Emanuel. We are grateful to L. Donner and L Horowitz for making perturbation experiments with GFDL-CM3 available to us. This work was partly supported by the Willis Research Network. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Supplementary Table S1) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 30 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 2 IS 8 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1530 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 986TU UT WOS:000307369300017 ER PT J AU Giner, JL Wikfors, GH Hassett, RP AF Giner, J. L. Wikfors, G. H. Hassett, R. P. TI Metabolic studies of marine sterols by Copepods SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Congress on Natural Products Research on Global Change, Natural Products and Human Health/8th Joint Meeting of AFERP, ASP, GA, PSE and SIF CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2012 CL New York, NY SP Amer Soc Pharmacognosy (ASP), Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res (GA), Italian Soc Phytochem (SIF), Phytochem Soc Europe (PSE), French Speaking Soc Pharmacognosy (AFERP) C1 [Giner, J. L.] SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Wikfors, G. H.] NOAA, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Hassett, R. P.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1071 EP 1071 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 982KT UT WOS:000307042800169 ER PT J AU Howard, TA DeForest, CE Reinard, AA AF Howard, T. A. DeForest, C. E. Reinard, A. A. TI WHITE-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR WIND TRANSIENTS AND COMPARISON WITH AUXILIARY DATA SETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods: data analysis; solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: heliosphere ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; STREAMER BLOBS; MAGNETIC-FLUX; 1 AU; EARTH; SPACECRAFT; DISCONNECTION; HELIOSPHERE; SECCHI AB This paper presents results utilizing a new data processing pipeline for STEREO/SECCHI. The pipeline is used to identify and track 24 large-and small-scale solar wind transients from the Sun out to 1 AU. This comparison was performed during a few weeks around the minimum at the end of Solar Cycle 23 and the start of Cycle 24 (2008 December to 2009 January). We use coronagraph data to identify features near the Sun, track them through HI-2A, and identify their signatures with in situ data at the Earth and STEREO-B. We provide measurements and preliminary analysis of the in situ signatures of these features near 1 AU. Along with the demonstration of the utility of heliospheric imagers for tracking even small-scale structures, we identify and discuss an important limitation in using geometric triangulation for determining three-dimensional properties. C1 [Howard, T. A.; DeForest, C. E.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Reinard, A. A.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Howard, TA (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM howard@boulder.swri.edu RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 FU NSF/SHINE Competition [0849916]; NASA [NNX10AC05G] FX The authors thank the SECCHI and HI teams for the kind use of their calibrated data. SECCHI data are produced by a consortium of international groups, including NASA/GSFC (US), RAL (UK), NRL (US), UBHAM (UK), MPS (Germany), CSL (Belgium), and IOTA and IAS (France). A.A.R. acknowledges valuable conversations with T. Mulligan. The work for the present study was supported in part by the NSF/SHINE Competition, Award 0849916, and in part by the NASA Heliophysics program through grant NNX10AC05G. The data analysis for this work made extensive use of the freeware Perl Data Language available at http://pdl.perl.org. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 754 IS 2 AR 102 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/102 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977MO UT WOS:000306666700023 ER PT J AU Mossine, AV Kumari, H Fowler, DA Shih, A Kline, SR Barnes, CL Atwood, JL AF Mossine, Andrew V. Kumari, Harshita Fowler, Drew A. Shih, Annie Kline, Steven R. Barnes, Charles L. Atwood, Jerry L. TI Ferrocene Species Included within a Pyrogallol[4]arene Tube SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ferrocene; host-guest systems; inclusion compounds; neutron scattering; supramolecular chemistry ID HEXAMERIC CAPSULES; NANOCAPSULES; NANOTUBES; COMPLEXATION; ENTRAPMENT; KINETICS; HOST C1 [Mossine, Andrew V.; Kumari, Harshita; Fowler, Drew A.; Shih, Annie; Barnes, Charles L.; Atwood, Jerry L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 125 Chem Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM AtwoodJ@missouri.edu FU NSF; NIBIB [T21 EB004822]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank NSF for support of this work (J.L.A.) as well as NIBIB training grant T21 EB004822 (A.V.M.). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.). NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 18 IS 33 BP 10258 EP 10260 DI 10.1002/chem.201200263 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 983GP UT WOS:000307108100018 PM 22653498 ER PT J AU Charusombat, U Niyogi, D Garrigues, S Olioso, A Marloie, O Barlage, M Chen, F Ek, M Wang, XM Wu, ZY AF Charusombat, Umarporn Niyogi, Dev Garrigues, Sebastien Olioso, Albert Marloie, Olivier Barlage, Michael Chen, Fei Ek, Michael Wang, Xuemei Wu, Zhiyong TI Noah-GEM and Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) based downscaling of global reanalysis surface fields: Evaluations using observations from a CarboEurope agricultural site SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Noah; Noah-GEM; Fluxnet; Latent heat flux; CarboEurope; Land Data Assimilation System ID LATENT-HEAT FLUX; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; FIFE OBSERVATIONS; EDDY-CORRELATION; MODELING SYSTEM; BOWEN-RATIO; ETA-MODEL; WRF MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB This study provides the first assessment of the Noah and Noah-GEM (photosynthesis-based Gas exchange Evapotranspiration Model) land surface model using observations from the Avignon, France CarboEurope agricultural site during 2006 and 2007. Noah and Noah-GEM are integrated within a Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) framework. The LDAS fields of soil moisture, temperature field, and surface and subsurface water and energy budget terms are useful for meteorological model initial conditions, and agricultural applications. The models were integrated using 1 km grid spacing with meteorological forcing from the Japanese global reanalysis (JRA). Consistent with results compiled over the US Southern Great Plains, the Noah and Noah-GEM based model performance was comparable for sorghum and wheat cropland. Both models had a relatively better performance during the low LAI plant growth stage however the performance deteriorated during peak green conditions and the bias between the observed and modeled latent heat flux was consistently higher by 100 W m(-2). To further diagnose this bias, a series of experiments were undertaken by considering observed biweekly dynamic leaf area index (LAI), vegetation height, roughness length (z(0)), and albedo changes. These experiments were conducted using Noah-GEM because of similar results between Noah and Noah-GEM and also because Noah-GEM has an explicit C3 and C4 photosynthesis model. The results were compared with the default model run as well as in situ surface flux and soil moisture/temperature observations. Prescribing onsite characteristics led to modest improvements in the model fields, however the model still could not capture the peak growing heat flux values of sensible heat for both C3 and C4 plants. Additional experiments were undertaken to investigate the inconsistencies in model parameterization. These include experiments with a CO2-based transpiration and thermal roughness formulation in surface-layer physics; the surface coupling coefficient through the "Zilitinkevich constant"; effect of soil texture and model spin-up time. Based on the study results and the experiments, we conclude that a high resolution LDAS/Noah setup can be driven using global reanalysis fields producing reasonably good results when evaluated against point observations. The model performance was enhanced after using dynamic LAI and albedo feedback; however the key feature was the tuning of the model structure through coupling and modifying V-max as a function of LAI. These results highlight the need for improvements in the turbulent surface layer and plant physiological modules, and model deficiencies cannot be overcome by onsite biophysical data alone. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Charusombat, Umarporn; Niyogi, Dev] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Garrigues, Sebastien; Olioso, Albert; Marloie, Olivier] INRA, UMR EMMAH 1114, Domaine St Paul, F-84914 Avignon 9, France. [Barlage, Michael; Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ek, Michael] NOAA NCEP, Baltimore, MD 20746 USA. [Wang, Xuemei; Wu, Zhiyong] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dniyogi@purdue.edu RI Wu, Zhiyong/H-5421-2011; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Wang, Xuemei/B-4521-2012; OI Wu, Zhiyong/0000-0002-8376-2232; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272 FU NOAA/JCSDA Grant [NA06NES4400013]; NOAA CPPA Grant [NA09OAR4310193]; Chinese NSF projects [U0833001, 40875076]; NCAR Water System; BEACHON Programs; European FP7 Program [GOCECT-2003-505572]; French Ministry in charge of Environment (GICC programme) FX This research benefited through the DOE-ARM (08ER64674; Dr. R. Petty), NSF CAREER (ATM-0847472), NOAA/JCSDA Grant (NA06NES4400013), NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program (Dr. Jared Entin), NOAA CPPA Grant NA09OAR4310193, and the Chinese NSF projects (U0833001, 40875076). We acknowledge the support from NCAR Water System and BEACHON Programs. Field data were acquired and processed in the frame of the CARBOEUROPE-IP and the CARBOFRANCE project funded by the European FP7 Program (GOCECT-2003-505572) and the French Ministry in charge of Environment (GICC programme). NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 86 SI SI BP 55 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2011.12.001 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 978SF UT WOS:000306765400007 ER PT J AU Kay, JE Hillman, BR Klein, SA Zhang, Y Medeiros, B Pincus, R Gettelman, A Eaton, B Boyle, J Marchand, R Ackerman, TP AF Kay, J. E. Hillman, B. R. Klein, S. A. Zhang, Y. Medeiros, B. Pincus, R. Gettelman, A. Eaton, B. Boyle, J. Marchand, R. Ackerman, T. P. TI Exposing Global Cloud Biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) Using Satellite Observations and Their Corresponding Instrument Simulators SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATE MODEL; RADIATION BUDGET; ISCCP DATA; CONVECTION; ECMWF; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; NCAR; SENSITIVITY AB Satellite observations and their corresponding instrument simulators are used to document global cloud biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) versions 4 and 5. The model observation comparisons show that, despite having nearly identical cloud radiative forcing, CAMS has a much more realistic representation of cloud properties than CAM4. In particular, CAM5 exhibits substantial improvement in three long-standing climate model cloud biases: 1) the underestimation of total cloud, 2) the overestimation of optically thick cloud, and 3) the underestimation of midlevel cloud. While the increased total cloud and decreased optically thick cloud in CAM5 result from improved physical process representation, the increased midlevel cloud in CAM5 results from the addition of radiatively active snow. Despite these improvements, both CAM versions have cloud deficiencies. Of particular concern, both models exhibit large but differing biases in the subtropical marine boundary layer cloud regimes that are known to explain intermodel differences in cloud feedbacks and climate sensitivity. More generally, this study demonstrates that simulator-facilitated evaluation of cloud properties, such as amount by vertical level and optical depth, can robustly expose large and at times radiatively compensating climate model cloud biases. C1 [Kay, J. E.; Medeiros, B.; Gettelman, A.; Eaton, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hillman, B. R.; Marchand, R.; Ackerman, T. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hillman, B. R.; Ackerman, T. P.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Klein, S. A.; Zhang, Y.; Boyle, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Pincus, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Pincus, R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kay, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jenkay@ucar.edu RI Kay, Jennifer/C-6042-2012; Medeiros, Brian/A-3695-2009; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Zhang, Yuying/H-5011-2012; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Medeiros, Brian/0000-0003-2188-4784; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU U.S. NSF through NCAR; NASA [NNX09AJ05G, NNX11AF09G]; JPL; NASA MISR Science Team [NMO710860]; Office of Science the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02- 97ER62402] FX JEK, AG, and BE were supported by the U.S. NSF through NCAR. JEK was also partially supported by NASA Grant NNX09AJ05G. BRH and TPA were supported by JPL and the NASA MISR Science Team under Contract NMO710860. SAK, YZ, and JB were supported by Regional and Global Climate and Earth System Modeling Programs of the Office of Science at the U.S. Department of Energy and their contributions to this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. BM was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02- 97ER62402. RP was supported by NASA under Grant NNX11AF09G. We all thank the scientists and software engineers who developed CESM1. Computing resources were provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL). NR 64 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 15 BP 5190 EP 5207 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00469.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983AT UT WOS:000307089300003 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Dong, SF Evan, AT Foltz, GR Lee, SK AF Wang, Chunzai Dong, Shenfu Evan, Amato T. Foltz, Gregory R. Lee, Sang-Ki TI Multidecadal Covariability of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, African Dust, Sahel Rainfall, and Atlantic Hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CLIMATE RESPONSE; SAHARAN DUST; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; IMPACT; TRENDS AB Most studies of African dust and North Atlantic climate have been limited to the short time period since the satellite era (1980 onward), precluding the examination of their relationship on longer time scales. Here a new dust dataset with the record extending back to the 1950s is used to show a multidecadal covariability of North Atlantic SST and aerosol, Sahel rainfall, and Atlantic hurricanes. When the North Atlantic Ocean was cold from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, the Sahel received less rainfall and the tropical North Atlantic experienced a high concentration of dust. The opposite was true when the North Atlantic Ocean was warm before the late 1960s and after the early 1990s. This suggests a novel mechanism for North Atlantic SST variability-a positive feedback between North Atlantic SST, African dust, and Sahel rainfall on multidecadal time scales. That is, a warm (cold) North Atlantic Ocean produces a wet (dry) condition in the Sahel and thus leads to low (high) concentration of dust in the tropical North Atlantic, which in turn warms (cools) the North Atlantic Ocean. An implication of this study is that coupled climate models need to be able to simulate this aerosol-related feedback in order to correctly simulate climate variability in the North Atlantic. Additionally, it is found that dust in the tropical North Atlantic varies inversely with the number of Atlantic hurricanes on multidecadal time scales because of the multidecadal variability of both direct and indirect influences of dust on vertical wind shear in the hurricane main development region. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Dong, Shenfu; Foltz, Gregory R.; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dong, Shenfu; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Evan, Amato T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); National Science Foundation FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that helped improve the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Natalie Mahowald for providing us the observed station data in the Western Sahel. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), and a grant from National Science Foundation. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 65 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 15 BP 5404 EP 5415 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00413.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983AT UT WOS:000307089300016 ER PT J AU Paez-Rosas, D Aurioles-Gamboa, D Alava, JJ Palacios, DM AF Paez-Rosas, Diego Aurioles-Gamboa, David Jose Alava, Juan Palacios, Daniel M. TI Stable isotopes indicate differing foraging strategies in two sympatric otariids of the Galapagos Islands SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Galapagos Islands; Otariids; Stable isotopes; Sympatry; Trophic niche ID SEA LIONS ZALOPHUS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; FUR SEALS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; MARINE MAMMALS; CARBON ISOTOPES; FOOD-WEB; INDIVIDUAL SPECIALIZATION; DELTA-C-13 ANALYSIS; FEEDING-HABITS AB The feeding behavior of marine predators varies with the level of competition to which they are exposed. Populations living in the same or overlapping geographic regions (sympatric) are generally subject to inter-specific competition, which can lead to the development of differing trophic strategies that maximize both nutritional and reproductive efficiency. The otariids of the islands in the western Galapagos Archipelago represent appropriate subjects for studying the response mechanisms of sympatric species exposed to strong competition, both trophic and spatial. The present study has focused on evaluating the possible differences in the trophic niches of the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) and the Galapagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) over time, based upon the analysis of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (delta C-13 and delta N-15), and observation of both species at sea. A comparative analysis of the isotopic signal of skin samples from pups of both species was performed for rookeries on Fernandina Island between 2003 and 2009. Analyses of the isotopic signal present in prey covering the entire trophic range of these predators were also performed, in order to relate this information to otariid sighting records collected during offshore cruises in 1993-1994 and 2000. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 values defined differences in the feeding zones and in the trophic level of each species; which were related with the interannual variability of the ecosystem, i.e. El Nino and La Nina events. Whereas Z. wollebaeki showed a coastal (inshore) foraging strategy, relying on the consumption of small epipelagic fishes, A. galapagoensis turned out to be a more oceanic (offshore) predator, with a preference for small squid. These results are in good agreement with the distribution of these animals at sea, as indicated by the sighting data. The findings of this study provide new insights to our understanding of how sympatric species exposed to strong inter-specific competition can develop foraging strategies leading to a decreasing level of food competition and facilitate their survival in a stochastic environment that is highly demanding in terms of the availability of resources. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Paez-Rosas, Diego; Aurioles-Gamboa, David] Inst Politecn Nacl, Lab Ecol Pinnipedos Burney J Le Boeuf, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, BCS, Mexico. [Jose Alava, Juan] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Environm Toxicol Res Grp, Fac Environm, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Jose Alava, Juan] Fdn Ecuatoriana Estudio Mamiferos Marinos FEMM, Guayaquil, Ecuador. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, NOAA NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Paez-Rosas, Diego] Secretaria Nacl Educ Super Ciencia Tecnol & Innov, Programa PROMETEO, Quito, Ecuador. RP Paez-Rosas, D (reprint author), Secretaria Nacl Educ Super Ciencia Tecnol & Innov, Programa PROMETEO SENESCYT, Calle Whymper E7-37 & Alpallana, Quito, Ecuador. EM diegopaezrosas@gmail.com RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008; Alava, Juan Jose/A-7731-2015 OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913; Alava, Juan Jose/0000-0002-6312-7776 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT); Instituto Politecnico Nacional of Mexico; Ocean Alliance; NASA Applied Sciences Program, Earth Science Division [NNH07ZDA001N] FX We acknowledge the financial support awarded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) and the Instituto Politecnico Nacional of Mexico in the form of scholarships. Thanks to the project-Estado de salud, uso sustentable y conservacion del Golfo de California-for laboratory costs and isotope analysis. We thank the Servicio Parque Nacional Galapagos (PNG) and the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) for the research permits and for aid in sampling logistics. We also offer our thanks to: Sandie Salazar, Peter Haworth and the volunteers of the "Santa Barbara Marine Mammal Center" for their help during the planning and carrying out of the field work; the Instituto Oceanografico de la Armada del Ecuador (INOCAR) for its help in plankton sampling; Marcos Calle-Moran for providing the squid isotopic data; and Prof. Fritz Trillmich for his collaboration and comments during the 2009 sampling season. We thank Marjorie Riofrio-Lazo for the improvements in the statistical analysis and discussion of the results. The work at sea in 1993-1994 and in 2000 was conducted with the support of the Ocean Alliance and from the NASA Applied Sciences Program, Earth Science Division, through a grant provided by Research Announcement NNH07ZDA001N, Drs. Leah Bendell, Iliana Ruiz-Cooley and William F. Perrin offered constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. [RH] NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 424 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.05.001 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978SS UT WOS:000306766700007 ER PT J AU Toman, B Fischer, J Elster, C AF Toman, Blaza Fischer, Joachim Elster, Clemens TI Alternative analyses of measurements of the Planck constant SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID WATT BALANCE; NEWTONIAN CONSTANT; BAYESIAN ESTIMATE; KILOGRAM; REDEFINITION; GRAVITATION AB We compare different methods for the adjustment of the Planck constant using recent, inconsistent data. First we discuss the popular Birge ratio method. By stating the underlying statistical model we critically assess and modify this method. We then propose alternative ways of adjusting the inconsistent data using different, less restrictive assumptions about the cause of the inconsistency. Finally, we discuss the results and give some guidance as to the choice of method. C1 [Toman, Blaza] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Joachim; Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Toman, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 567 EP 571 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/4/567 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 979PE UT WOS:000306831400019 ER PT J AU Lehman, J Dowell, M Popovic, NB Betz, K Grossman, E AF Lehman, John Dowell, Marla Popovic, Nina Basta Betz, Kerry Grossman, Erich TI Laser power-meter comparison at far-infrared wavelengths and terahertz frequencies SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB We have evaluated the responsivity of seven different thermal detectors compared to an electrically calibrated photoacoustic reference detector at 119 mu m (2.5 THz) and 394 mu m (0.76 THz) laser wavelengths. Among the thermal detectors is an electrically calibrated thermopile having a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array as the absorber. We document the uncertainty contributions attributable to the photoacoustic reference detector along with a definition of a calibration factor based on the measurement protocol. The expanded relative uncertainty (k = 2) and a calibration factor of each detector are tabulated. C1 [Lehman, John; Dowell, Marla; Grossman, Erich] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Popovic, Nina Basta] McGill Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Quebec City, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Betz, Kerry] CALTECH, Dept Math, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lehman, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2012 VL 49 IS 4 BP 583 EP 587 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/4/583 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 979PE UT WOS:000306831400022 ER PT J AU Mielikainen, J Huang, B Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, Bormin Huang, Hung-Lung Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Improved GPU/CUDA Based Parallel Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) Single Moment 5-Class (WSM5) Cloud Microphysics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Cloud microphysics; CUDA; GPU; parallel processing; WRF; WSM5 ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; PERFORMANCE; IMPLEMENTATION AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is an atmospheric simulation system which is designed for both operational and research use. WRF is currently in operational use at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s national weather service as well as at the air force weather agency and meteorological services worldwide. Getting weather predictions in time using latest advances in atmospheric sciences is a challenge even on the fastest super computers. Timely weather predictions are particularly useful for severe weather events when lives and property are at risk. Microphysics is a crucial but computationally intensive part of WRF. WRF Single Moment 5-class (WSM5) microphysics scheme represents fallout of various types of precipitation, condensation and thermodynamics effects of latent heat release. Therefore, to expedite the computation process, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) appear an attractive alternative to traditional CPU architectures. In this paper, we accelerate the WSM5 microphysics scheme on GPUs and obtain a considerable speedup thereby significantly reducing the processing time. Such high performance and computationally efficient GPUs allow us to use higher resolution WRF forecasts. The use of high resolution WRF enables us to compute microphysical processes for increasingly small clouds and water droplets. To implement WSM5 scheme on GPUs, the WRF code was rewritten into CUDA C, a high level data-parallel programming language used on NVIDIA GPU. We observed a reduction in processing time from 16928 ms on CPU to 43.5 ms on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We obtained a speedup of 389x without I/O using a single GPU. Taking I/O transfer times into account, the speedup obtained is 206. The speedup was further increased by using four GPUs, speedup being 1556x and 357x for without I/O and with I/O, respectively. C1 [Mielikainen, Jarno; Huang, Bormin; Huang, Hung-Lung Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA10NES4400013. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 5 IS 4 SI SI BP 1256 EP 1265 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2188780 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 980VK UT WOS:000306922100018 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Yoo, JM Yang, SH Choi, YM Dagalakis, NG Gupta, SK AF Kim, Yong-Sik Yoo, Jae-Myung Yang, Seung Ho Choi, Young-Man Dagalakis, Nicholas G. Gupta, Satyandra K. TI Design, fabrication and testing of a serial kinematic MEMS XY stage for multifinger manipulation SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB In micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) it is difficult to obtain a large range of motion with a small coupled error. This limitation was overcome by designing and fabricating a nested structure as a serial kinematic mechanism (SKM). In this paper, a MEMS-based XY stage is reported for multifinger manipulation application. The SKM MEMS XY stage is implemented by embedding a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) stage into another single DOF stage. The proposed MEMS XY stage is fabricated by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) from both sides of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. This SKM MEMS stage has the capability to generate more than 50 mu m displacements along each X- and Y-axes. This nested structure also suppressed the coupled motion error to 0.6% of the original actuation displacement. For the demonstration on the micro-particle manipulation, a 15 mu m sized polypropylene particle is manipulated and rotated by operating two individual fingers attached to proposed MEMS stages. C1 [Kim, Yong-Sik; Yoo, Jae-Myung; Yang, Seung Ho; Choi, Young-Man; Dagalakis, Nicholas G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Yong-Sik; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Yong-Sik; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Choi, Young-Man] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Taejon, South Korea. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mk37do@gmail.com FU Measurement Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Robotics and Automation Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA FX The authors would like to thank Dr Premsagar Purushotham Kavuri and Dr Gregory W. Vogl for their valuable advice and support on the experiments and approaches. This research was performed in part in the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nano Fabrication Clean Room. This work was supported by the Measurement Science for Intelligent Manufacturing Robotics and Automation Program of the Intelligent Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 22 IS 8 AR 085029 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/22/8/085029 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 977IC UT WOS:000306649000029 ER PT J AU Dougherty, A Bailey, K Vance, T Cheng, W AF Dougherty, A. Bailey, K. Vance, T. Cheng, W. TI Underlying causes of habitat-associated differences in size of age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Gulf of Alaska SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHELIKOF-STRAIT; WESTERN GULF; OF-ALASKA; OTOLITH ANALYSIS; LARVAL; GROWTH; VARIABILITY; SURVIVAL; PALLAS; TEMPERATURE AB Age-0 walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) caught in September in the Gulf of Alaska display habitat-associated differences in standard length (SL). Age-0 fish collected in the region around Sutwik Island and 375 km farther downstream near the Shumagin Islands most likely originate from the Shelikof Strait spawning aggregation. However, age-0 fish resulting from the same spawning aggregation differ in mean size up to 20 mm between areas by September. We examined the otoliths of the larval and age-0 stages of walleye pollock from these two areas in 2000 and 2001 to determine whether growth rate, hatch date, and/or temperature influenced fish size. Circulation models were used to determine whether transport of larvae from an upstream spawning group into the study areas could have occurred. Mean in situ temperature during sampling periods was not defined as a significant factor in altering growth rates. Overlapping hatch date distributions of the larval and age-0 fish in the Shumagin Island area confirmed that the fish were from the Shelikof Strait spawning group. Comparison of hatch date distributions in the upstream Sutwik Island area revealed larger/older larvae from an upstream spawning group mixed with larvae from the Shelikof Strait spawning group. Our results suggest that the offset of 20 mm SL between the groups of age-0 pollock was the result of a combination of enhanced survivorship of early-hatched larvae in the Sutwik area and the introduction and retention of the progeny of another spawning group originating upstream of Shelikof Strait. C1 [Dougherty, A.; Bailey, K.; Vance, T.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cheng, W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dougherty, A (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Annette.Dougherty@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 159 IS 8 BP 1733 EP 1744 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-1961-2 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 978HL UT WOS:000306731300009 ER PT J AU Cerutti, B Werner, GR Uzdensky, DA Begelman, MC AF Cerutti, B. Werner, G. R. Uzdensky, D. A. Begelman, M. C. TI BEAMING AND RAPID VARIABILITY OF HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION FROM RELATIVISTIC PAIR PLASMA RECONNECTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; galaxies: active; ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula); magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY FLARES; CRAB-NEBULA; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; TERMINATION SHOCK; RADIO-SOURCES; PULSAR WIND; DISSIPATION; DISCOVERY; EMISSION AB We report on the first study of the angular distribution of energetic particles and radiation generated in relativistic collisionless electron-positron pair plasma reconnection using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We discover a strong anisotropy of the particles accelerated by reconnection and the associated strong beaming of their radiation. The focusing of particles and radiation increases with their energy; in this sense, this "kinetic beaming" effect differs fundamentally from the relativistic Doppler beaming usually invoked in high-energy astrophysics, in which all photons are focused and boosted achromatically. We also present, for the first time, the modeling of the synchrotron emission as seen by an external observer during the reconnection process. The expected light curves comprise several bright symmetric sub-flares emitted by the energetic beam of particles sweeping across the line of sight intermittently, and exhibit super-fast time variability as short as about one-tenth of the system light-crossing time. The concentration of the energetic particles into compact regions inside magnetic islands and particle anisotropy explain the rapid variability. This radiative signature of reconnection can account for the brightness and variability of the gamma-ray flares in the Crab Nebula and in blazars. C1 [Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cerutti, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Dept Phys, UCB 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM benoit.cerutti@colorado.edu; greg.werner@colorado.edu; uzdensky@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU NSF [PHY-0903851, AST-0907872]; NASA Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX09AG02G] FX We are grateful to L. Sironi, A. Spitkovsky, K. Nalewajko, and the referee for valuable comments on this study. This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation, by NSF grant PHY-0903851, NSF grant AST-0907872, and NASA Astrophysics Theory Program grant NNX09AG02G. Numerical simulations were performed with the vorpal framework on the local CIPS computer cluster Verus and on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences (http://www.nics.tennessee.edu/). We gratefully acknowledge the contributors to vorpal: http://www.txcorp.com/products/VORPAL/user_documentation/5.2_docs/releas e_install/README.html. NR 29 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2012 VL 754 IS 2 AR L33 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/754/2/L33 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 975QY UT WOS:000306527200015 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Oldale, RN Foster, DS Smith, SM AF Poppe, Lawrence J. Oldale, Robert N. Foster, David S. Smith, Shepard M. TI Glaciotectonic deformation associated with the Orient Point-Fishers Island moraine, westernmost Block Island Sound: further evidence of readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LONG-ISLAND; GLACIER; SEDIMENTS; DYNAMICS; CANADA; MARGIN; ORIGIN; BASIN AB High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles collected across pro-glacial outwash deposits adjacent to the circa 18 ka b.p. Orient Point-Fishers Island end moraine segment in westernmost Block Island Sound reveal extensive deformation. A rhythmic seismic facies indicates the host outwash deposits are composed of fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments. The deformation is variably brittle and ductile, but predominantly compressive in nature. Brittle deformation includes reverse faults and thrust faults that strike parallel to the moraine, and thrust sheets that extend from beneath the moraine. Ductile deformation includes folded sediments that overlie undisturbed deposits, showing that they are not drape features. Other seismic evidence for compression along the ice front consists of undisturbed glaciolacustrine strata that dip back toward and underneath the moraine, and angular unconformities on the sea floor where deformed sediments extend above the surrounding undisturbed correlative strata. Together, these ice-marginal glaciotectonic features indicate that the Orient Point-Fishers Island moraine marks a significant readvance of the Laurentide ice sheet, consistent with existing knowledge for neighboring coeval moraines, and not simply a stillstand as previously reported. C1 [Poppe, Lawrence J.; Foster, David S.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Oldale, Robert N.] US Geol Survey, N Falmouth, MA 02556 USA. [Smith, Shepard M.] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Off Assistant Secretary Environm Observat & Predi, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov FU Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We would like to thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson for their help in collecting the chirp data. This work was supported by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This manuscript has benefited from critical internal reviews by Dave Twichell and Bill Schwab (both USGS), and comments from N.R. Golledge. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 32 IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s00367-012-0296-9 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 975EE UT WOS:000306488900001 ER PT J AU McGiff, TJ Danforth, RA Herschaft, EE AF McGiff, Thomas J. Danforth, Robert A. Herschaft, Edward E. TI Maintaining Radiation Exposures As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) for Dental Personnel Operating Portable Hand-Held X-Ray Equipment SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA); safety standards; x-ray machines AB Clinical experience indicates that newly available portable hand-held x-ray units provide advantages compared to traditional fixed properly installed and operated x-ray units in dental radiography. However, concern that hand-held x-ray units produce higher operator doses than fixed x-ray units has caused regulatory agencies to mandate requirements for use of hand-held units that go beyond those recommended by the manufacturer and can discourage the use of this technology. To assess the need for additional requirements, a hand-held x-ray unit and a pair of manikins were used to measure the dose to a simulated operator under two conditions: exposures made according to the manufacturer's recommendations and exposures made according to manufacturer's recommendation except for the removal of the x-ray unit's protective backscatter shield. Dose to the simulated operator was determined using an array of personal dosimeters and a pair of pressurized ion chambers. The results indicate that the dose to an operator of this equipment will be less than 0.6 mSy y(-1) if the device is used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. This suggests that doses to properly trained operators of well-designed, hand-held dental x-ray units will be below 1.0 mSv y(-1) (2% of the annual occupational dose limit) even if additional no additional operational requirements are established by regulatory agencies. This level of annual dose is similar to those reported as typical dental personnel using fixed x-ray units and appears to satisfy the ALARA principal for this class of occupational exposures. Health PhyS. 103(Supplement 2):S179-S185; 2012 C1 [McGiff, Thomas J.] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Danforth, Robert A.] UNLV Sch Dent Med, Clin Sci Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Radiol, Las Vegas, NV 89106 USA. [Herschaft, Edward E.] UNLV Sch Dent Med, Biomed Sci Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Pathol, Las Vegas, NV 89106 USA. RP McGiff, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Safety Hlth & Environm, 100 Bur Dr Stop 1731, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcgiff@nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 103 IS 2 SU S BP S179 EP S185 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 975TK UT WOS:000306534200010 PM 22739973 ER PT J AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR AF Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. TI Quantum AC Voltage Standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE AC voltage; Josephson effect; quantum standards; voltage measurement ID MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTERS; PROGRAMMABLE JOSEPHSON ARRAYS; DC TRANSFER; POWER STANDARD; TRANSFER DIFFERENCE; SYNTHESIZER; NIST AB Standards based on the Josephson effect are being increasingly utilized for generation of quantum-accurate ac waveforms. These standards fall into two broad categories: those whose output is generated as a stepwise-approximated sine wave via programmable Josephson arrays and those with a true sinusoidal output generated by pulses supplied to Josephson junctions. This paper presents a survey of the present state of quantum ac sources and discusses future implementation of these systems for improved ac metrology. We focus mainly on developments at the National Institute of Standards and Technology but also summarize relevant work elsewhere. C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 61 IS 8 BP 2160 EP 2166 DI 10.1109/TIM.2012.2197073 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 975OF UT WOS:000306519900011 ER PT J AU Schmerge, D Francis, O Henton, J Ingles, D Jones, D Kennedy, J Krauterbluth, K Liard, J Newell, D Sands, R Schiel, A Silliker, J van Westrum, D AF Schmerge, D. Francis, O. Henton, J. Ingles, D. Jones, D. Kennedy, J. Krauterbluth, K. Liard, J. Newell, D. Sands, R. Schiel, A. Silliker, J. van Westrum, D. TI Results of the first North American comparison of absolute gravimeters, NACAG-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Absolute gravimetry; Gravimeter; GRAV-D; Comparison; Offset ID GRAVITY METERS AB The first North American Comparison of absolute gravimeters (NACAG-2010) was hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at its newly renovated Table Mountain Geophysical Observatory (TMGO) north of Boulder, Colorado, in October 2010. NACAG-2010 and the renovation of TMGO are part of NGS's GRAV-D project (Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum). Nine absolute gravimeters from three countries participated in the comparison. Before the comparison, the gravimeter operators agreed to a protocol describing the strategy to measure, calculate, and present the results. Nine sites were used to measure the free-fall acceleration of g. Each gravimeter measured the value of g at a subset of three of the sites, for a total set of 27 g-values for the comparison. The absolute gravimeters agree with one another with a standard deviation of 1.6 mu Gal (1 Gal a parts per thousand 1 cm s (-2)). The minimum and maximum offsets are -2.8 and 2.7 mu Gal. This is an excellent agreement and can be attributed to multiple factors, including gravimeters that were in good working order, good operators, a quiet observatory, and a short duration time for the experiment. These results can be used to standardize gravity surveys internationally. C1 [Schmerge, D.] US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Francis, O.] Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. [Henton, J.] Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Ingles, D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Jones, D.; Schiel, A.; van Westrum, D.] Microg LaCoste Inc, Lafayette, CO USA. [Kennedy, J.] US Geol Survey, Tucson, AZ USA. [Krauterbluth, K.; Sands, R.] Natl Geospatial Intelligence Agcy, Patrick AFB, FL USA. [Liard, J.; Silliker, J.] Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Newell, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schmerge, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Juneau, AK USA. EM david.schmerge@yahoo.com NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD AUG PY 2012 VL 86 IS 8 BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1007/s00190-011-0539-y PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 975ET UT WOS:000306490700002 ER PT J AU Saillant, EA Renshaw, MA Cummings, NJ Gold, JR AF Saillant, E. A. Renshaw, M. A. Cummings, N. J. Gold, J. R. TI Conservation genetics and management of yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus, in the US Caribbean and South Florida SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE connectivity; conservation genetics; Ocyurus chrysurus; population structure; US Caribbean; yellowtail snapper ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; STATISTICAL TESTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MUTATION ACCUMULATION; POPULATION EXPANSION; GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS; COALESCENT APPROACH AB Population-genetic structure and average long-term effective size of yellowtail snapper, Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch), sampled offshore from the Florida Keys and four localities in the US Caribbean, were investigated using nuclear-encoded microsatellites and a fragment of the mitochondrially encoded ND-4 gene. Analysis of spatial genetic variation revealed occurrence of up to four groupings (stocks) of yellowtail snapper: one in the Florida Keys, one along the west coast of Puerto Rico, one that includes the east coast of Puerto Rico and St. Thomas and one offshore of St. Croix. The observed genetic differences among localities are not strong, and additional sampling to examine whether the observed patterns of population structure are temporally stable is warranted. Levels of genetic variability and estimates of average, long-term effective size (Ne) indicate that yellowtail snapper at all five localities have, at present, sufficient genetic variation to maintain long-term integrity and sustainability. C1 [Saillant, E. A.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Renshaw, M. A.; Gold, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX USA. [Cummings, N. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Saillant, EA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM eric.saillant@usm.edu FU US Department of Commerce [NA06NMF4540061]; Texas AgriLife Research Project [H-6703] FX We thank the following for their invaluable assistance in obtaining samples for this study: L. Anibal, J. Leon, H. Lopez, D. Matos-Caraballo and A. Rosario of the of Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Fisheries Research Laboratory in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; W. Ledee and D. Olsen of the St. Thomas Fisherman's Association; H. Rivera and W. Tobias of the USVI Division of Fish and Wildlife and R. Beaver of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission. We also thank D. L. Nieland and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. Work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program (CRP) of the US Department of Commerce (Grant NA06NMF4540061) and the Texas AgriLife Research Project H-6703. NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0969-997X J9 FISHERIES MANAG ECOL JI Fisheries Manag. Ecol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 19 IS 4 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00840.x PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 972VJ UT WOS:000306308700004 ER PT J AU Kihm, KD Hussey, DS Pratt, DM Swanson, AD AF Kihm, Kenneth D. Hussey, Daniel S. Pratt, David M. Swanson, Andrew D. TI Neutron Imaging of Progressive Mixing of H2O and D2O inside a Metal (Al) Container SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT News Item C1 [Kihm, Kenneth D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pratt, David M.; Swanson, Andrew D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2012 VL 134 IS 8 AR 080904 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 970OZ UT WOS:000306143200004 ER PT J AU Halter, M AF Halter, Michael TI Modernizing the MTT assay with microfluidic technology and image cytometry SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Halter, M (reprint author), NIST, Cell Syst Sci Grp, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.halter@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2012 VL 81A IS 8 BP 643 EP 645 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.22089 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 974CV UT WOS:000306408300004 PM 22730082 ER PT J AU McCraney, WT Farley, EV Kondzela, CM Naydenko, SV Starovoytov, AN Guyon, JR AF McCraney, W. Tyler Farley, Edward V. Kondzela, Christine M. Naydenko, Svetlana V. Starovoytov, Alexander N. Guyon, Jeffrey R. TI Genetic stock identification of overwintering chum salmon in the North Pacific Ocean SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Chum salmon; Genetic stock identification; Migration; North Pacific Ocean ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; RIM; MIGRATION AB Understanding stock and age-specific seasonal migrations of Pacific salmon during ocean residence is essential to both the conservation and management of this important resource. Based upon 11 microsatellites assayed on 265 individuals collected aboard international research surveys during winter 2009, we found substantial differences in the age-specific origin of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the North Pacific Ocean. Overall, Asian stocks dominated the collections, however, ocean age 1 fish were primarily of Japanese origin and ocean age 2-3+ fish were predominantly of Russian origin. These results suggest that cohorts of chum salmon stocks migrate nonrandomly in the North Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas. C1 [McCraney, W. Tyler; Farley, Edward V.; Kondzela, Christine M.; Guyon, Jeffrey R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Naydenko, Svetlana V.; Starovoytov, Alexander N.] TINRO Ctr, Pacific Res Fisheries Ctr, Vladivostok 690990, Russia. RP Guyon, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Guyon@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Bering Sea Fishermen's Association FX We thank the crew of the R/V TINRO for collecting the samples used in this study. Hanhvan Nguyen and Colby Marvin performed the DNA extractions, Sharon Wildes assisted with data scoring, and Adam Moles provided advice that greatly improved the manuscript. This work was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Bering Sea Fishermen's Association. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD AUG PY 2012 VL 94 IS 4 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9972-2 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 971AM UT WOS:000306174000008 ER PT J AU Dellabianca, NA Hohn, AA Goodall, RNP Pousa, JL Macleod, CD Lima, M AF Dellabianca, Natalia A. Hohn, Aleta A. Goodall, R. Natalie P. Pousa, Jorge L. Macleod, Colin D. Lima, Mauricio TI Influence of climate oscillations on dentinal deposition in teeth of Commerson's dolphin SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argentina; dentinal anomalies; ENSO; growth; SAM; SST; Tierra del Fuego ID SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; WESTERN HUDSON-BAY; TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO; EL-NINO EVENT; SEA-ICE; CEPHALORHYNCHUS-COMMERSONII; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; PHOCA-HISPIDA AB Effects of climatic oscillations on populations in marine environments are produced mainly through the lower trophic levels. Marine mammals, as top predators, are affected indirectly by these fluctuations, showing variations in their survival, growth and reproduction. The main objective of this study was to determine whether we could detect the effect of climatic oscillations on Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus c. commersonii) off Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, by examining the presence and proportion of anomalous dentinal growth layer groups (GLGs). The relative deposition of anomalous GLGs was determined using calendar years from 1960 to 2005, and related to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and to mean annual sea surface temperatures (SST). Then, growth parameters between animals that did and did not show anomalous dentinal growth layer patterns in one or more of their GLGs were compared. The presence of anomalous GLGs was related to the SAM, increasing in frequency with negative values of the SAM. No relationship was found among anomalous GLGs, ENSO, and SST. There were no significant differences in growth parameters between animals with and without anomalous GLGs. Using recording structures such as teeth provided a unique way of reconstructing time series to evaluate the effects of these climatic patterns on a top predator species in an area where no similar studies have been conducted, primarily due to a lack of suitable long-term data sets. C1 [Dellabianca, Natalia A.; Goodall, R. Natalie P.] Ctr Austral Invest Cient CADIC, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. [Dellabianca, Natalia A.; Goodall, R. Natalie P.] Museo Acatushun Aves & Mamiferos Marinos Austral, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. [Hohn, Aleta A.] NMFS SEFSC NOAA Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Pousa, Jorge L.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Lab Oceanog Costera, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. [Macleod, Colin D.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci IBES, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Lima, Mauricio] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Ctr Estudios Avanzados Ecol & Biodiversidad CASEB, Santiago 6513677, Chile. RP Dellabianca, NA (reprint author), Ctr Austral Invest Cient CADIC, Bernardo Houssay 200, RA-9410 Ushuaia, Tierra Del Fueg, Argentina. EM ndellabianc@gmail.com RI Lima, Mauricio/F-2722-2013; Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Lima, Mauricio/0000-0002-3700-2945; Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU Marianne & Benno Luthi Foundation, Cetacean Society International, and Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) of Argentina FX We thank D. Fernandez and the Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia of the Centro Austral de Investigaciones Cientificas (CADIC) for facilitating access to optical equipment. We also thank S. Estay and A. Farias for statistical advice and the AMMA interns who helped collect, clean, and study the animals. M. Liljesthrom provided constructive reviews. We are grateful to the staff of the NMFS Protected Resources Branch in Beaufort, North Carolina, especially Shauna Ertolacci, for various assistance and support during the visit by NAD. RNPG is grateful to the Committee for Research and Exploration of the National Geographic Society and Total Austral S. A. for their continuing support. This research was funded by the Marianne & Benno Luthi Foundation, Cetacean Society International, and Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities. NAD was also supported by a PhD grant from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) of Argentina. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 18 IS 8 BP 2477 EP 2486 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02707.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UB UT WOS:000306228300010 ER PT J AU Francis, TB Scheuerell, MD Brodeur, RD Levin, PS Ruzicka, JJ Tolimieri, N Peterson, WT AF Francis, Tessa B. Scheuerell, Mark D. Brodeur, Richard D. Levin, Phillip S. Ruzicka, James J. Tolimieri, Nick Peterson, William T. TI Climate shifts the interaction web of a marine plankton community SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Current; climate change; community interactions; MAR models; marine zooplankton; time series analysis ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CENTRAL OREGON COAST; FOOD-WEB; SPECIES COMPOSITION; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; OIKOPLEURA-VANHOEFFENI; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; INTERACTION STRENGTH; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LARGE JELLYFISH AB Climatic effects in the ocean at the community level are poorly described, yet accurate predictions about ecosystem responses to changing environmental conditions rely on understanding biotic responses in a food-web context to support knowledge about direct biotic responses to the physical environment. Here we conduct time-series analyses with multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models of marine zooplankton abundance in the Northern California Current from 1996 to 2009 to determine the influence of climate variables on zooplankton community interactions. Autoregressive models showed different community interactions during warm vs. cool ocean climate conditions. Negative ecological interactions among zooplankton groups characterized the major warm phase during the time series, whereas during the major cool phase, ocean transport largely structured zooplankton communities. Local environmental conditions (sea temperature) and large-scale climate indices (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) were associated with changes in zooplankton abundance across the full time series. Secondary environmental correlates of zooplankton abundance varied with ocean climate phase, with most support during the warm phase for upwelling as a covariate, and most support during the cool phase for salinity. Through simultaneous quantitation of community interactions and environmental covariates, we show that marine zooplankton community structure varies with climate, suggesting that predictions about ecosystem responses to future climate scenarios in the Northern California Current should include potential changes to the base of the pelagic food. C1 [Francis, Tessa B.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Levin, Phillip S.; Tolimieri, Nick] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Peterson, William T.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Ruzicka, James J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Francis, TB (reprint author), Univ Washington, Puget Sound Inst, Ctr Urban Waters, 326 E D St, Tacoma, WA USA. EM tessa@uw.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016; OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254; Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392 FU National Research Council; NSF/NOAA CAMEO program; US GLOBEC program FX We thank the many members of the Peterson lab who have collected and analyzed data from the Newport Line time series over the years, especially Leah Feinberg, Tracy Shaw, Jennifer Menkel and Jay Peterson. We thank Mike Ford for comments on a previous draft of this manuscript. This research was performed while TB Francis held a National Research Council Research Associateship award at NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center. We acknowledge funding from the joint NSF/NOAA CAMEO program and the US GLOBEC program. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 18 IS 8 BP 2498 EP 2508 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02702.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 971UB UT WOS:000306228300012 ER PT J AU Pait, AS Whitall, DR Dieppa, A Newton, SE Brune, L Caldow, C Mason, AL Apeti, DA Christensen, JD AF Pait, Anthony S. Whitall, David R. Dieppa, Angel Newton, Sarah E. Brune, Lia Caldow, Chris Mason, Andrew L. Apeti, Dennis A. Christensen, John D. TI Characterization of organic chemical contaminants in sediments from Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Contaminants; Sediments; Organic; Puerto Rico ID QUALITY GUIDELINES AB Jobos Bay, located on the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico, contains a variety of habitats including mangroves, seagrass meadows, and coral reefs. The watershed surrounding the bay includes a number of towns, agricultural areas, and the Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). Jobos Bay and the surrounding watershed are part of a Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), involving the Jobos Bay NERR, the US Department of Agriculture, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to assess the benefits of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) on the terrestrial and marine environments. As part of the Jobos Bay CEAP, NOAA collected sediment samples in May 2008 to characterize over 130 organic chemical contaminants. This paper presents the results of the organic contaminant analysis. The organic contaminants detected in the sediments included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, and the pesticide DDT. PAHs at one site in the inner bay near a boat yard were significantly elevated; however, all organic contaminant classes measured were below NOAA sediment quality guidelines that would have indicated that impacts were likely. The results of this work provide an important baseline assessment of the marine environment that will assist in understanding the benefits of implementing BMPs on water quality in Jobos Bay. C1 [Pait, Anthony S.; Whitall, David R.; Brune, Lia; Caldow, Chris; Mason, Andrew L.; Apeti, Dennis A.; Christensen, John D.] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dieppa, Angel] Jobos Bay NERR, Aguirre, PR USA. [Newton, Sarah E.] Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Pait, AS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tony.pait@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; USDA FX We would like to thank Captain Claudio Burgos of the Estuarino for his skill and patience in getting to the sampling sites. We would also like to thank the Jobos Bay CEAP partners, including the Jobos Bay NERR, the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, and the USDA. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and the USDA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 184 IS 8 BP 5065 EP 5075 DI 10.1007/s10661-011-2322-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 968KM UT WOS:000305979700033 PM 21956337 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ Douglas, JF AF Garboczi, E. J. Douglas, J. F. TI Elastic moduli of composites containing a low concentration of complex-shaped particles having a general property contrast with the matrix SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Intrinsic moduli; Finite element method; Composite; Ellipsoid; Gravel; Concrete ID ELLIPSOIDAL INCLUSIONS; POISSON RATIOS; WIDE-RANGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; CONCRETE; SOLIDS; TENSOR; MEDIA AB There are diverse materials science problems concerned with how the presence of a low concentration of particulate inclusions having mechanical properties distinct from the matrix in which they are placed influences the elasticity of the resulting composite material. There is a classical treatment of the calculation of the leading order virial coefficient for the bulk modulus K and shear modulus G, or intrinsic moduli [K] and [G], for ellipsoidal inclusions having a general contrast between the elastic properties of the particle inclusions and the matrix. However, the treatment of more physically interesting shapes, such as gravel in concrete, is analytically intractable. With literal concrete applications in mind, we treat construction gravel as being composed of block-like particles having an equivalent length, width, and thickness, and we develop numerical approximants for [K] and [G] for these block structures based on finite element calculations and limiting analytic information. The approach generalizes our previous treatment of the electrical conductivity and elastic moduli of composites containing complex-shaped objects, in the dilute limit, having a general property contrast with the suspending matrix, and corrects an error in the previous elastic moduli calculation. We verify that our approximants provide an accurate description of [K] and [G] for general property contrast conditions and extensive tabulations of data based on finite element calculation for a wide range of object shapes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douglas, J. F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov FU Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory consortium FX We thank Robert Bohn for developing the MPI version of the FEM code. We would like to thank the past and present members of the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory consortium for partial funding of this work. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 51 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2012.03.009 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 969CJ UT WOS:000306033000005 ER PT J AU Buckley, ML Wei, Y Jaffe, BE Watt, SG AF Buckley, Mark L. Wei, Yong Jaffe, Bruce E. Watt, Steve G. TI Inverse modeling of velocities and inferred cause of overwash that emplaced inland fields of boulders at Anegada, British Virgin Islands SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Boulder; Tsunami; Hurricane; Cyclone; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean ID WAVE RUNUP; TSUNAMI; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITS; ANTILLES; HAWAII AB A combination of numeric hydrodynamic models, a large-clast inverse sediment-transport model, and extensive field measurements were used to discriminate between a tsunami and a storm striking Anegada, BVI a few centuries ago. In total, 161 cobbles and boulders were measured ranging from 1.5 to 830 kg at distances of up to 1 km from the shoreline and 2 km from the crest of a fringing coral reef. Transported clasts are composed of low porosity limestone and were derived from outcrops in the low lying interior of Anegada. Estimates of the near-bed flow velocities required to transport the observed boulders were calculated using a simple sediment-transport model, which accounts for fluid drag, inertia, buoyancy, and lift forces on boulders and includes both sliding and overturning transport mechanisms. Estimated near-bed flow velocities are converted to depth-averaged velocities using a linear eddy viscosity model and compared with water level and depth-averaged velocity time series from high-resolution coastal inundation models. Coastal inundation models simulate overwash by the storm surge and waves of a category 5 hurricane and tsunamis from a Lisbon earthquake of M 9.0 and two hypothetical earthquakes along the North America Caribbean Plate boundary. A modeled category 5 hurricane and three simulated tsunamis were all capable of inundating the boulder fields and transporting a portion of the observed clasts, but only an earthquake of M 8.0 on a normal fault of the outer rise along the Puerto Rico Trench was found to be capable of transporting the largest clasts at their current locations. Model results show that while both storm waves and tsunamis are capable of generating velocities and temporal acceleration necessary to transport large boulders near the reef crest, attenuation of wave energy due to wave breaking and bottom friction limits the capacity of storm waves to transport large clast at great inland distances. Through sensitivity analysis, we show that even when using coefficients in the sediment-transport model which yield the lowest estimated minimum velocities for boulder transport, storm waves from a category 5 hurricane are not capable of transporting the largest boulders in the interior of Anegada. Because of the uncertainties in the modeling approach, extensive sensitivity analyses are included and limitations are discussed. C1 [Buckley, Mark L.; Jaffe, Bruce E.; Watt, Steve G.] US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Wei, Yong] Univ Washington, PMEL, NOAA, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Buckley, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, 400 Nat Bridges Dr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM mbuckley@usgs.gov RI Jaffe, Bruce/A-9979-2012; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Jaffe, Bruce/0000-0002-8816-5920; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9725-8 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 965ZE UT WOS:000305805500008 ER PT J AU Dunbar, P McCullough, H AF Dunbar, Paula McCullough, Heather TI Global tsunami deposits database SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; Deposit; Geologic effects; Paleotsunami; Historical catalog ID DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI; NEW-GUINEA TSUNAMI; FIELD SURVEY; SEA; ERUPTION; COAST; EARTHQUAKES; SANTORINI; SEDIMENTS; IMPACT AB The National Geophysical Data Center and co-located World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology provide integrated access to historical tsunami event, deposit, and proxy data. Historical events are important for understanding the frequency and intensity of relatively recent tsunamis. Deposit data collected during post-tsunami field surveys provide information on tsunami erosion, sedimentation, flow depths, inundation, and run-up. Deposit data from prehistoric tsunami events extend the record to pre-recorded times, constrain tsunami recurrence intervals, and estimate the minimum magnitude of tsunami inundation. Proxies indicate that an event capable of producing a tsunami occurred, but are not direct evidence of a tsunami. All of these data are used to develop tsunami hazard assessments, provide guidance to warning centers, validate models, inform community preparedness efforts, and educate the public about tsunami risks. C1 [Dunbar, Paula; McCullough, Heather] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dunbar, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paula.dunbar@noaa.gov RI McCullough, Heather/B-3138-2009 OI McCullough, Heather/0000-0002-1468-9625 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD AUG PY 2012 VL 63 IS 1 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9713-z PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 965ZE UT WOS:000305805500016 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI Outlier Problem in Evaluating Similarity Functions in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bin-averaging; Gradient-based scaling; Outliers; Richardson number; Self-correlation; SHEBA; Stable boundary layer ID FLUX-PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; SURFACE-LAYER; TURBULENT EXCHANGE; DRAG COEFFICIENT; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; SELF-CORRELATION; PEAK WAVES; SEA-ICE; SHEBA; WAVELENGTH AB The gradient-based similarity approach removes turbulent fluxes as governing parameters and replaces them with vertical gradients of mean wind speed and potential temperature. As a result, the gradient Richardson number, Ri, appears as a stability parameter instead of the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter z/L (L is the Obukhov length). The gradient-based scaling is more appropriate for moderate and very stable conditions when the gradients are large and their errors are relatively small whereas z/L becomes ambiguous in these conditions because turbulent fluxes are small. However, the gradient-based formulation is faced with a problem related to the influence of Ri outliers: outliers with high values of Ri can exist in conditions that are really near-neutral. These outliers are mapped into the very stable range in plots in which Ri is the independent variable and may lead to spurious dependencies for bin-averaged data (spurious bin-averaging). This effect is quite large for functions that are steep for the gradient-based scaling. The present study uses the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) data to examine the problem and proposes two methods, conditional analysis and independent binning, to limit the influence of outliers on bin-averaging. A disadvantage of the conditional analysis is associated with eliminating outliers based on criteria that could be considered as subjective. The independent bin-averaging method does not have this disadvantage, but the scatter of the bin-averaged points is higher than for the conditional analysis, rendering data analysis and interpretation difficult. C1 [Grachev, Andrey A.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Lebanon, NH USA. [Guest, Peter S.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 FU U.S. National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; NSF [ARC 11-07428, ARC 10-19322]; CRDF [RUG1-2976-ST-10] FX The U.S. National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs supported our original SHEBA research. During the current work NSF also supported AAG and POGP with award ARC 11-07428 and ELA with award ARC 10-19322. AAG also was supported by CRDF with award RUG1-2976-ST-10. The authors thank Zbigniew Sorbjan and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions on improving the manuscript. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 144 IS 2 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s10546-012-9714-9 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965RO UT WOS:000305785100001 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Hermann, AJ Coyle, KO Dobbins, EL Kachel, NB Stabeno, PJ AF Cheng, Wei Hermann, Albert J. Coyle, Ken O. Dobbins, Elizabeth L. Kachel, Nancy B. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Macro- and micro-nutrient flux to a highly productive submarine bank in the Gulf of Alaska: A model-based analysis of daily and interannual variability SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID PROGNOSTIC NUMERICAL-MODEL; NORTHERN GULF; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; COASTAL CURRENT; PHYSICAL MODEL; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHELF; PARAMETERIZATION; ECOSYSTEM; EXPLICIT AB Although the Gulf of Alaska is subjected to intense downwelling through much of the year, during early spring and summer, upwelling due to local wind stress curl can occur over major portions of the shelf, resulting in high production. Satellite observations indicate that shallow banks may have substantially elevated chlorophyll concentrations relative to surrounding waters during much of the summer. We use the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and ocean observation data to examine circulation and stratification around Portlock Bank in the Gulf of Alaska, and to explore mechanisms contributing to interannual variability in the supply of iron and nitrate onto the bank in spring and summer. ROMS at 3-km resolution is coupled to a lower trophic level biology model for the Gulf of Alaska; the coupled model is driven by tidal forcing, sub-daily atmospheric forcing, freshwater runoff, and boundary and initial conditions from Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) products. Hydrographic observations were made as part of six surveys undertaken by the GLOBEC/NEP (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics/Northeast Pacific) program. Modeling results suggest that iron supply to the shallow layer around Portlock Bank is controlled by both advection and vertical diffusion processes, while nitrate supply is dominated by tidally-induced vertical diffusion. Overall, higher chlorophyll concentration in summer around Portlock Bank is attributed to strong vertical mixing, which pumps nutrients onto the bank from the flanks on either side, and from the top of the bank into the euphotic zone. Recirculation attributed to tidal effects increases residence time over the bank, further enhancing potential production, but intense mixing atop the bank in early spring can lead to light limitation of phytoplankton production. We used July 2004 cruise data from Portlock Bank to help verify model results. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Wei; Hermann, Albert J.; Dobbins, Elizabeth L.; Kachel, Nancy B.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst, Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cheng, Wei; Hermann, Albert J.; Dobbins, Elizabeth L.; Kachel, Nancy B.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Coyle, Ken O.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst, Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wei.cheng@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0113461, OCE-0624490]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232, NA19OAR4 320148, 1877] FX This research is supported by funding from National Science Foundation Grants OCE-0113461 and OCE-0624490. We thank Dr. Kate Hedstrom and Dr. Enrique Curchitser for developing the ROMS NEP model. We also wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This is Contribution 3327 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Contribution EcoFOCI-0731 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement Nos. NA17RJ1232 and NA19OAR4 320148, Contribution 1877. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 101 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.01.001 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 960HT UT WOS:000305379300004 ER PT J AU Thompson, SA Sydeman, WJ Santora, JA Black, BA Suryan, RM Calambokidis, J Peterson, WT Bograd, SJ AF Thompson, Sarah Ann Sydeman, William J. Santora, Jarrod A. Black, Bryan A. Suryan, Robert M. Calambokidis, John Peterson, William T. Bograd, Steven J. TI Linking predators to seasonality of upwelling: Using food web indicators and path analysis to infer trophic connections SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; AUKLET PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CURRENT SYSTEM; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; COLONIAL SEABIRD; PREY CONSUMPTION; STABLE-ISOTOPES AB Upwelling in eastern boundary current systems is a primary driver of ecosystem productivity. Typically, peak upwelling occurs during spring and summer, but winter upwelling may also be important to ecosystem functions. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that winter and spring/summer upwelling, operating through indirect trophic interactions, are important to a suite of top predators in the California Current. To test this hypothesis, we collated information on upwelling, chlorophyll-a concentrations, zooplankton and forage fish, and related these to predator responses including rockfish growth, salmon abundance, seabird productivity and phenology (timing of egg-laying), and whale abundance. Seabird diets served in part as food web indicators. We modeled pathways of response using path analysis and tested for significance of the dominant paths with multiple regression. We found support for the hypothesis that relationships between upwelling and top predator variables were mediated primarily by intermediate trophic levels. Both winter and summer upwelling were important in path models, as were intermediate lower and mid trophic level functional groups represented by chlorophyll-a, zooplankton, and forage fish. Significant pathways of response explained from 50% to 80% of the variation of seabird (Cassin's auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) and common murre (Uria aalge)), humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) dependent variables, whereas splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) showed no significant response pathways. Upwelling and trophic responses for salmon were established for both the year of ocean entry and the year of return, with zooplankton important in the year of ocean entry and forage fish important in the year of return. This study provides one of the first comparative investigations between upwelling and predators, from fish to marine mammals and birds within a geographically restricted area, demonstrates often difficult to establish "bottom-up" trophic interactions, and establishes the importance of seasonality of upwelling to various trophic connections and predator demographic traits. Understanding change in the seasonality of upwelling is therefore required to assess dynamics of commercially and recreationally important upper trophic level species in eastern boundary current ecosystems. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Thompson, Sarah Ann; Sydeman, William J.; Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Black, Bryan A.; Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Thompson, SA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, POB 750756, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM sathompson@faralloninstitute.org RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 FU NSF Grant [0929017]; NASA Grant [NNX09AU3NG]; California OPC/California Sea Grant [ENV-07]; USFWS and members and donors of PRBO (Farallon seabirds); NOAA-Fisheries (Stock Assessment Improvement Program, the Fisheries and the Environment Program, the US GLOBEC-Northeast Pacific Program (Peterson, Oregon copepods); California Department of Fish and Game; Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA); Resources Law Group/Resources Legacy Fund Foundation FX This study was made possible by NSF Grant 0929017, NASA Grant NNX09AU3NG, and California OPC/California Sea Grant ENV-07. Field programs were supported by the USFWS and members and donors of PRBO (Farallon seabirds), NOAA-Fisheries (Stock Assessment Improvement Program, the Fisheries and the Environment Program, the US GLOBEC-Northeast Pacific Program (Peterson, Oregon copepods), the California Department of Fish and Game, and the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA). We thank PRBO Conservation Science for data contributions for this project. Analysis of remotely-sensed chlorophyll was facilitated by a grant from the Resources Law Group/Resources Legacy Fund Foundation. We thank Karina J. Nielsen for guidance on the use of path analysis and acknowledge Spencer Wood and the Sanak Island Food Web for feeding links. NR 87 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 129 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 101 IS 1 BP 106 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.02.001 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 960HT UT WOS:000305379300007 ER PT J AU Liu, L Hong, Y Bednarczyk, CN Yong, B Shafer, MA Riley, R Hocker, JE AF Liu, Lu Hong, Yang Bednarczyk, Christopher N. Yong, Bin Shafer, Mark A. Riley, Rachel Hocker, James E. TI Hydro-Climatological Drought Analyses and Projections Using Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Indices: A Case Study in Blue River Basin, Oklahoma SO WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Blue River Basin; Drought index; Climate change; GCMs ID UNITED-STATES; SEVERITY INDEX; SOIL-MOISTURE; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; DATASET; CLIMATE; USA AB Understanding the characteristics of historical droughts will benefit water resource managers because it will reveal the possible impacts that future changes in climate may have on drought, and subsequently, the availability of water resources. The goal of this study was to reconstruct historical drought occurrences and assess future drought risk for the drought-prone Blue River Basin in Oklahoma, under a likely changing climate using three types of drought indices, i.e., Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and Standardized Runoff Index (SRI). No similar research has been conducted in this region previously. Monthly precipitation and temperature data from the observational period 1950-1999 and over the projection period 2010-2099 from 16 statistically downscaled Global Climate Models (GCM) were used to compute the duration, severity, and extent of meteorological droughts. Additionally, soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET), and runoff data from the well-calibrated Thornthwaite Monthly Water Balance Model were used to examine drought from a hydrological perspective. The results show that the three indices captured the historical droughts for the past 50 years and suggest that more severe droughts of wider extent are very likely to occur over the next 90 years in the Blue River Basin, especially in the later part of the 21st century. In fact, all three indices display lower minimum values than those ever recorded in the past 50 years. This study also found that SRI and SPI (PDSI) had a correlation coefficient of 0.81 (0.78) with a 2-month (no appreciable) lag time over the 1950-2099 time period across the basin. There was relatively lower correlation between SPI and PDSI over the same period. Although this study recommends that PDSI and SRI are the most suitable indices for assessing future drought risks under an increasingly warmer climate, more drought indices from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives should be investigated and compared to provide a complete picture of drought and its potential impacts on the dynamically coupled nature-human system. C1 [Liu, Lu; Hong, Yang; Yong, Bin] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liu, Lu; Hong, Yang; Shafer, Mark A.; Riley, Rachel; Hocker, James E.] Univ Oklahoma, So Climate Impacts Planning Program, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Liu, Lu; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bednarczyk, Christopher N.] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Res Experiences Undergrad Program, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bednarczyk, Christopher N.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, 202 W Boyd St,Room 334, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Liu, Lu/J-4551-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Liu, Lu/0000-0002-4939-5432 FU Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program (SCIPP) through the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment Program FX This research is funded by the Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program (SCIPP; http://www.southernclimate.org) through a grant from the NOAA Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessment Program. We thank the National Weather Center for computing resources and acknowledge our colleagues in Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (http://hydro.ou.edu) for their technical support. In addition, we acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. Also, we acknowledge the PRISM Climate Group for providing PRISM precipitation data. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4741 EI 1573-1650 J9 WATER RESOUR MANAG JI Water Resour. Manag. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 26 IS 10 BP 2761 EP 2779 DI 10.1007/s11269-012-0044-y PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 959XB UT WOS:000305350400003 ER PT J AU Lynch, PD Shertzer, KW Latour, RJ AF Lynch, Patrick D. Shertzer, Kyle W. Latour, Robert J. TI Performance of methods used to estimate indices of abundance for highly migratory species SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CPUE standardization; Habitat; Tuna; Billfish; Population dynamics ID MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; VERTICAL HABITAT USE; EFFORT STANDARDIZATION; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; STOCK ASSESSMENT; SATELLITE TAGS; LINEAR-MODELS; FISHING GEAR AB Estimating indices of abundance from fishery-dependent data requires that catch-per-unit-effort (CPU E) be standardized to account for factors that may have affected CPUE but are not related to changes in abundance. Such standardization is particularly important for highly migratory species (e.g., tunas, pelagic sharks, and billfishes). because of time-varying mismatches between distributions of abundance and the distribution of fishing effort. Two commonly applied methods for standardizing CPUE are generalized linear models (GLMs), which can account for changes in fishing practices in a straightforward linear fashion, and habitat-based standardizations (e.g., statHBS), which use nonlinear analysis to relate the distribution of fishing effort to the species distribution. We evaluated the accuracy of these methods over three patterns in vertical catchability as related to ocean temperature profiles, and 50 possible biomass trajectories using a simulation framework that followed the general effort dynamics of the Japanese longline fishery in the Atlantic Ocean from 1956 to 2009. Additionally, we propose a method for directly incorporating vertical habitat information into the linear models. Overall, we found the most accurate approach to be a delta-lognormal GLM with our unique habitat factor. The statHBS approach was the most accurate when catchability was simulated to peak in surface waters. However. statHBS was much more sensitive to errors in estimates of longline hook depths (i.e., habitats exploited). Based on these results, we recommend that relative abundance be estimated for highly migratory species following a delta-GLM approach that considers vertical habitats fished. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lynch, Patrick D.; Latour, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Lynch, PD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM pdlynch@vims.edu; Kyle.Shertzer@noaa.gov; latour@vims.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4170119]; College of William Mary FX We thank J. Graves, K. Bigelow, P. Goodyear, A. Punt, T. Miller, J. Brubaker, C. Brown, J. Walter, E. Prince, E. Williams, K. Andrews, A. Buchheister, A. Horodysky, C. Wor, and two anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful suggestions that vastly improved the quality of this research. Funding was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA09OAR4170119) and the Plumeri Award for Faculty Excellence at the College of William & Mary. This is Virginia Institute of Marine Science contribution number 3218. Views expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent findings or policy of any government agency. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 125 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.005 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 953EG UT WOS:000304849100004 ER PT J AU Lee, HH Maunder, MN Piner, KR Methot, RD AF Lee, Hui-Hua Maunder, Mark N. Piner, Kevin R. Methot, Richard D. TI Can steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship be estimated in fishery stock assessment models? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pacific Coast groundfish stocks; Steepness; Stock assessment; Stock-recruitment; Stock synthesis ID RISK ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT AB Steepness of the stock recruitment relationship is one of the most uncertain and critical quantities in fishery stock assessment and management. Steepness is defined as the fraction of recruitment from a virgin population obtained when the spawners are at 20% of the virgin level. Steepness directly relates to productivity and yield and is an important element in the calculation of many management reference points. Stock recruitment relationships have traditionally been estimated from time series of recruitment and spawning biomass, but recently interest has arisen regarding the ability to estimate steepness inside fishery stock assessment models. We evaluated the ability to estimate steepness of the Beverton-Holt stock recruitment relationship using simulation analyses for twelve US Pacific Coast fish stocks. A high proportion of steepness estimates from the simulated data and the original data occur at the bounds for steepness and the proportion decreased as the true steepness decreased. The simulation results indicate that, in most cases, steepness was estimated with moderate to low precision and moderate to high bias. The poorly estimated steepness indicates that often there is little information in the data about this quantity. However, reliable estimation is attainable with a good contrast of spawning stock biomass for relatively unproductive stocks when the model is correctly specified. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lee, Hui-Hua; Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lee, HH (reprint author), 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Huihua.Lee@noaa.gov FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX Our sincere thanks to the stock assessment scientists at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and Stacey Miller for providing copies of their stock synthesis files, which greatly facilitated this study. We are also grateful to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center for supporting this work. We want to thank Vidar Wespestad from the American Fisherman's Research Foundation and Rick Deriso from the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, Jim Ianelli from the Alaska Science Center and Andre Punt from the University of Washington for comments on an early draft of the paper. We also thank Kenneth Rose, Chris Legault and one anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 125 BP 254 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.03.001 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 953EG UT WOS:000304849100027 ER PT J AU Spencer, PD Hanselman, DH McKelvey, DR AF Spencer, Paul D. Hanselman, Dana H. McKelvey, Denise R. TI Simulation modeling of a trawl-acoustic survey design for patchily distributed species SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hydroacoustics; Double sampling; Trawl survey design; Patchiness; Spatial distributions ID ABUNDANCE; SEA; POPULATIONS AB Spatially patchy populations present challenges for precise estimation of abundance from surveys, which typically result in high estimation errors compared to surveys of more evenly distributed species. In this study, we used simulations to evaluate the performance of the Trawl and Acoustic Presence/Absence Survey design (TAPAS) in reducing the variability in estimated biomass. This approach is a double sampling design in which high-density patches observed in a first phase using hydroacoustics are subsequently more intensively sampled (relative to non-patch areas) in a second phase using trawls and area-swept methods. Information on Gulf of Alaska Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), a patchily distributed rock-fish species, was used to parameterize the simulations. The performance of the TAPAS design depends upon the degree to which high acoustic backscatter represents "patch" areas of high density and variability, as the relationship between backscatter and abundance of a given species can be affected by areas unavailable for sampling (i.e., the "dead zone") and the contribution of multiple species to the backscatter intensity. With a strong relationship between backscatter intensity and density, the TAPAS design resulted in improved precision compared to simple random sampling (SRS). Additionally, more intensive sampling of the patches occurred when areas of high backscatter intensity were randomly distributed over space rather than located in spatially correlated clusters. However, with a weak relationship between backscatter intensity and density, the precision of the TAPAS design was not substantially larger than SRS. The potential improvement in precision when a strong relationship exists between backscatter intensity and fish density offers motivation to continue to refine relationships between underlying fish density, acoustic backscatter, and trawl catches. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Spencer, Paul D.; McKelvey, Denise R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hanselman, Dana H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Spencer, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.spencer@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board FX We thank James Ianelli, Mathieu Woillez, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2012 VL 125 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.03.003 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 953EG UT WOS:000304849100031 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Samarov, D McDaniel, J Sen, SK Salit, M AF Zook, Justin M. Samarov, Daniel McDaniel, Jennifer Sen, Shurjo K. Salit, Marc TI Synthetic Spike-in Standards Improve Run-Specific Systematic Error Analysis for DNA and RNA Sequencing SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CANCER GENOME; DISCOVERY; MUTATIONS; FRAMEWORK AB While the importance of random sequencing errors decreases at higher DNA or RNA sequencing depths, systematic sequencing errors (SSEs) dominate at high sequencing depths and can be difficult to distinguish from biological variants. These SSEs can cause base quality scores to underestimate the probability of error at certain genomic positions, resulting in false positive variant calls, particularly in mixtures such as samples with RNA editing, tumors, circulating tumor cells, bacteria, mitochondrial heteroplasmy, or pooled DNA. Most algorithms proposed for correction of SSEs require a data set used to calculate association of SSEs with various features in the reads and sequence context. This data set is typically either from a part of the data set being "recalibrated" (Genome Analysis ToolKit, or GATK) or from a separate data set with special characteristics (SysCall). Here, we combine the advantages of these approaches by adding synthetic RNA spike-in standards to human RNA, and use GATK to recalibrate base quality scores with reads mapped to the spike-in standards. Compared to conventional GATK recalibration that uses reads mapped to the genome, spike-ins improve the accuracy of Illumina base quality scores by a mean of 5 Phred-scaled quality score units, and by as much as 13 units at CpG sites. In addition, since the spike-in data used for recalibration are independent of the genome being sequenced, our method allows run-specific recalibration even for the many species without a comprehensive and accurate SNP database. We also use GATK with the spike-in standards to demonstrate that the Illumina RNA sequencing runs overestimate quality scores for AC, CC, GC, GG, and TC dinucleotides, while SOLiD has less dinucleotide SSEs but more SSEs for certain cycles. We conclude that using these DNA and RNA spike-in standards with GATK improves base quality score recalibration. C1 [Zook, Justin M.; McDaniel, Jennifer; Salit, Marc] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samarov, Daniel] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sen, Shurjo K.] NHGRI, Genet Dis Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zook@nist.gov RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008 OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402 FU Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41356 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041356 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 982LS UT WOS:000307045600022 PM 22859977 ER PT J AU McGowan, S Buckle, AM Mitchell, MS Hoopes, JT Gallagher, DT Heselpoth, RD Shen, Y Reboul, CF Law, RHP Fischetti, VA Whisstock, JC Nelson, DC AF McGowan, Sheena Buckle, Ashley M. Mitchell, Michael S. Hoopes, James T. Gallagher, D. Travis Heselpoth, Ryan D. Shen, Yang Reboul, Cyril F. Law, Ruby H. P. Fischetti, Vincent A. Whisstock, James C. Nelson, Daniel C. TI X-ray crystal structure of the streptococcal specific phage lysin PlyC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE enzybiotic; protein crystallography; peptidoglycan; multimeric protein ID 2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LYTIC ACTIVITY; CELL-WALL; DOMAIN; ENDOLYSIN; ENZYME; AGALACTIAE; PATHOGENS; CELLULASE AB Bacteriophages deploy lysins that degrade the bacterial cell wall and facilitate virus egress from the host. When applied exogenously, these enzymes destroy susceptible microbes and, accordingly, have potential as therapeutic agents. The most potent lysin identified to date is PlyC, an enzyme assembled from two components (PlyCA and PlyCB) that is specific for streptococcal species. Here the structure of the PlyC holoenzyme reveals that a single PlyCA moiety is tethered to a ring-shaped assembly of eight PlyCB molecules. Structure-guided mutagenesis reveals that the bacterial cell wall binding is achieved through a cleft on PlyCB. Unexpectedly, our structural data reveal that PlyCA contains a glycoside hydrolase domain in addition to the previously recognized cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidases catalytic domain. The presence of eight cell wall-binding domains together with two catalytic domains may explain the extraordinary potency of the PlyC holoenyzme toward target bacteria. C1 [Fischetti, Vincent A.; Nelson, Daniel C.] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Bacterial Pathogenesis & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [McGowan, Sheena; Buckle, Ashley M.; Reboul, Cyril F.; Law, Ruby H. P.; Whisstock, James C.] Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Mitchell, Michael S.; Hoopes, James T.; Heselpoth, Ryan D.; Shen, Yang; Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gallagher, D. Travis] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Whisstock, James C.] Monash Univ, Ctr Excellence Struct & Funct Microbial Genom, Australian Res Council, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Nelson, Daniel C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fischetti, VA (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Lab Bacterial Pathogenesis & Immunol, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM vaf@rockefeller.edu; james.whisstock@monash.edu; nelsond@umd.edu RI Nelson, Daniel/I-2198-2012; Buckle, Ashley/P-8366-2016; OI Buckle, Ashley/0000-0003-2943-9044; McGowan, Sheena/0000-0001-6863-1106 FU US Public Health Service Grant [AI11822]; US Department of Defense Grant [DM102823] FX The authors thank the Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association Collaborative Access Team (Advanced Photon Source) for beam time and for technical assistance, Jamie Rossjohn for technical assistance with data collection, Joseph Kotarek for FTIR assistance, and Amanda Altieri for CD assistance. This work was supported in part by US Public Health Service Grant AI11822 (to V.A.F.) and US Department of Defense Grant DM102823 (to D.C.N.). S.M. is an Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellow. A.M.B. is a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Research Fellow. J.C.W. is an ARC Federation Fellow and an NHMRC Honorary Principal Research Fellow. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 31 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 31 BP 12752 EP 12757 DI 10.1073/pnas.1208424109 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 989CQ UT WOS:000307538200093 PM 22807482 ER PT J AU Woodka, AC Butler, PD Porcar, L Farago, B Nagao, M AF Woodka, Andrea C. Butler, Paul D. Porcar, Lionel Farago, Bela Nagao, Michihiro TI Lipid Bilayers and Membrane Dynamics: Insight into Thickness Fluctuations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; SCATTERING; MICROEMULSIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; UNDULATIONS; DEPENDENCE; ENERGY AB Thickness fluctuations have long been predicted in biological membranes but never directly observed experimentally. Here, we utilize neutron spin echo spectroscopy to experimentally reveal such fluctuations in a pure, fully saturated, phosphocholine lipid bilayer system. These fluctuations appear as an excess in the dynamics of undulation fluctuations. Like the bending rigidity, the thickness fluctuations change dramatically as the lipid transition temperature is crossed, appearing to be completely suppressed below the transition. Above the transition, the relaxation rate is on the order of 100 ns and is independent of temperature. The amplitude of the thickness fluctuations is 3.7 angstrom +/- 0.7 angstrom, which agrees well with theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The dependence of the fluctuations on lipid tail lengths is also investigated and determined to be minimal in the range of 14 to 18 carbon tails. C1 [Woodka, Andrea C.; Butler, Paul D.; Nagao, Michihiro] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Butler, Paul D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Farago, Bela] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Woodka, AC (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu RI Farago, Bela/H-4544-2012; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSF [DMR-0520547] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Grant No. DMR-0520547. Mention of any commercial products or services in this Letter does not imply approval or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that such products or services are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 5 AR 058102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.058102 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981TZ UT WOS:000306994900027 PM 23006210 ER PT J AU Liu, YX Miao, HX Aksyuk, V Srinivasan, K AF Liu, Yuxiang Miao, Houxun Aksyuk, Vladimir Srinivasan, Kartik TI Wide cantilever stiffness range cavity optomechanical sensors for atomic force microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-TAPER; ACTUATION AB We report on progress in developing compact sensors for atomic force microscopy (AFM), in which the mechanical transducer is integrated with near-field optical readout on a single chip. The motion of a nanoscale, doubly clamped cantilever was transduced by an adjacent high quality factor silicon microdisk cavity. In particular, we show that displacement sensitivity on the order of 1 fm/(Hz)(1/2) can be achieved while the cantilever stiffness is varied over four orders of magnitude (approximate to 0.01 N/m to approximate to 290 N/m). The ability to transduce both very soft and very stiff cantilevers extends the domain of applicability of this technique, potentially ranging from interrogation of microbiological samples (soft cantilevers) to imaging with high resolution (stiff cantilevers). Along with mechanical frequencies (>250 kHz) that are much higher than those used in conventional AFM probes of similar stiffness, these results suggest that our cavity optomechanical sensors may have application in a wide variety of high-bandwidth AFM measurements. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Yuxiang; Miao, Houxun; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Liu, Yuxiang/G-9561-2011; Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award through University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors thank Richard Kasica of the CNST NanoFab for assistance with the development of electron beam lithography process, and Marcelo Davanco for help with FEM simulations. Yuxiang Liu acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. Houxun Miao acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 30 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 16 BP 18268 EP 18280 DI 10.1364/OE.20.018268 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 986PR UT WOS:000307356300096 PM 23038376 ER PT J AU Mishler, J Wang, Y Mukundan, R Spendelow, J Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Borup, RL AF Mishler, Jeffrey Wang, Yun Mukundan, Rangachary Spendelow, Jacob Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Borup, Rodney L. TI Probing the water content in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using neutron radiography SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Polymer electrolyte fuel cell; Neutron imaging; PTFE loading; Channel configuration; Water profile ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; 2-PHASE FLOW PHENOMENA; LIQUID WATER; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IMAGING TECHNIQUE; POROUS-MEDIA; LAND AREAS; TRANSPORT; CATHODE; PEMFC AB This work presents an in situ study on the water-content measurement in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) using neutron imaging. The effects of several important operating and design parameters on water content are examined, including the relative humidity (RH), the polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) loadings in gas diffusion media including the microporous layer (MPL), current density, and flow field configurations including single-/quad-serpentine channels and co-/counter-flow configurations. Efforts are also made to distinguish water contents between the channel and land projected areas, and obtain the water profile along the gas flow path. We find that the highest water content occurs at a low current density for fixed operational stoichiometry, and liquid water emerges downstream at low humidity and increases rapidly after on-set. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishler, Jeffrey; Wang, Yun] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Renewable Energy Resources Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Mukundan, Rangachary; Spendelow, Jacob; Borup, Rodney L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Renewable Energy Resources Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM yunw@uci.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's Office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660]; Academic Senate Council on Research, Computing and Library Resources at UCI FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies (Technology Development Manager: Nancy Garland). This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's Office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. We wish to thank Dr. John Davey of LANL for designing the hardware used in the neutron imaging experiments and Eli Baltic of NIST for help with NIST facility. We would like to acknowledge Peter Wilde of SGL Group for providing the GDL materials. Partial support by the Academic Senate Council on Research, Computing and Library Resources at UCI is gratefully acknowledged. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUL 30 PY 2012 VL 75 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.040 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 980HL UT WOS:000306884100001 ER PT J AU Long, DA Robichaud, DJ Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Robichaud, D. J. Hodges, J. T. TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of line mixing and collision induced absorption in the O-2 A-band (vol 137, 014307, 2012) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Long, D. A.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Robichaud, D. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 28 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 4 AR 049903 DI 10.1063/1.4740237 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 990DP UT WOS:000307611500074 ER PT J AU Larson, S Lee, SK Wang, CZ Chung, ES Enfield, D AF Larson, Sarah Lee, Sang-Ki Wang, Chunzai Chung, Eui-Seok Enfield, David TI Impacts of non-canonical El Nino patterns on Atlantic hurricane activity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WARM POOL; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; OSCILLATIONS; VARIABILITY AB The impact of non-canonical El Nino patterns, typically characterized by warmer than normal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central tropical Pacific, on Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) is explored by using composites of key Atlantic TC indices and tropospheric vertical wind shear over the Atlantic main development region (MDR). The highlight of our major findings is that, while the canonical El Nino pattern has a strong suppressing influence on Atlantic TC activity, non-canonical El Nino patterns considered in this study, namely central Pacific warming, El Nino Modoki, positive phase Trans-Nino, and positive phase Pacific meridional mode, all have insubstantial impact on Atlantic TC activity. This result becomes more conclusive when the impact of MDR SST is removed from the Atlantic TC indices and MDR wind shear by using the method of linear regression. Further analysis suggests that the tropical Pacific SST anomalies associated with the non-canonical El Nino patterns are not strong enough to cause a substantial warming of the tropical troposphere in the Atlantic region, which is the key factor that increases the wind shear and atmospheric static stability over the MDR. During the recent decades, the non-canonical El Ninos have been more frequent while the canonical El Nino has been less frequent. If such a trend continues in the future, it is expected that the suppressing effect of El Nino on Atlantic TC activity will diminish and thus the MDR SST will play a more important role in controlling Atlantic TC activity in the coming decades. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Larson, Sarah; Chung, Eui-Seok] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Chung, Eui-Seok/A-5757-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings undergraduate scholarship program; NOAA's Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation FX We wish to thank Jay Harris and Hailong Liu for their assistance in data acquisition and processing, and two anonymous reviewers and Greg Foltz for helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings undergraduate scholarship program, and grants from the NOAA's Climate Program Office and the National Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 28 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L14706 DI 10.1029/2012GL052595 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 980WP UT WOS:000306925200005 ER PT J AU Manzello, DP Enochs, IC Melo, N Gledhill, DK Johns, EM AF Manzello, Derek P. Enochs, Ian C. Melo, Nelson Gledhill, Dwight K. Johns, Elizabeth M. TI Ocean Acidification Refugia of the Florida Reef Tract SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEFS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; CARBONATE DISSOLUTION; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; SEAWATER; SEDIMENTS; KEYS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DISSOCIATION; MACROALGAE AB Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to reduce the calcification rates of marine organisms, yet we have little understanding of how OA will manifest within dynamic, real-world systems. Natural CO2, alkalinity, and salinity gradients can significantly alter local carbonate chemistry, and thereby create a range of susceptibility for different ecosystems to OA. As such, there is a need to characterize this natural variability of seawater carbonate chemistry, especially within coastal ecosystems. Since 2009, carbonate chemistry data have been collected on the Florida Reef Tract (FRT). During periods of heightened productivity, there is a net uptake of total CO2 (TCO2) which increases aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) values on inshore patch reefs of the upper FRT. These waters can exhibit greater Omega(arag) than what has been modeled for the tropical surface ocean during preindustrial times, with mean (+/- std. error) Omega(arag)-values in spring = 4.69 (+/- 0.101). Conversely, Omega(arag)-values on offshore reefs generally represent oceanic carbonate chemistries consistent with present day tropical surface ocean conditions. This gradient is opposite from what has been reported for other reef environments. We hypothesize this pattern is caused by the photosynthetic uptake of TCO2 mainly by seagrasses and, to a lesser extent, macroalgae in the inshore waters of the FRT. These inshore reef habitats are therefore potential acidification refugia that are defined not only in a spatial sense, but also in time; coinciding with seasonal productivity dynamics. Coral reefs located within or immediately downstream of seagrass beds may find refuge from OA. C1 [Manzello, Derek P.; Enochs, Ian C.; Melo, Nelson] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Manzello, Derek P.; Enochs, Ian C.; Melo, Nelson; Johns, Elizabeth M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Miami, FL USA. [Gledhill, Dwight K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Acidificat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Manzello, DP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Derek.Manzello@noaa.gov RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program; Mote's Protect Our Reef's License Plate Grant [POR-2008-046]; NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Charter Ship Fund; The United States Army Corps of Engineers Restoration Coordination and Verification Monitoring and Assessment Plan (RECOVER/MAP); NOAA's Supplemental Funds for Oil Spill Research FX The authors are grateful to funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program. Mote's Protect Our Reef's License Plate Grant # POR-2008-046 provided seed money that was responsible for the initiation of this project. Funding for the South Florida Program's repeat biophysical oceanographic cruises aboard the R/V F. G. Walton Smith provided by NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Charter Ship Fund, The United States Army Corps of Engineers Restoration Coordination and Verification Monitoring and Assessment Plan (RECOVER/MAP), and NOAA's Supplemental Funds for Oil Spill Research. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 59 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 7 AR e41715 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0041715 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981ER UT WOS:000306950200094 PM 22848575 ER PT J AU Fisher, G Bonadonna, M AF Fisher, Genene Bonadonna, Michael TI National Space Weather Portal Is Online SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fisher, Genene] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bonadonna, Michael] Off Fed Coordinator Meteorol, Natl Space Weather Program, DC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fisher, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway,Room 14372, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM michael.bonadonna@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S07006 DI 10.1029/2012SW000831 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 980PE UT WOS:000306904600002 ER PT J AU Solomentsev, DV Khattatov, BV Codrescu, MV Titov, AA Yudin, V Khattatov, VU AF Solomentsev, D. V. Khattatov, B. V. Codrescu, M. V. Titov, A. A. Yudin, V. Khattatov, V. U. TI Ionosphere state and parameter estimation using the Ensemble Square Root Filter and the global three-dimensional first-principle model SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; WEATHER AB In the present paper we discuss the setup and the results of series of numerical experiments aiming to recover the (E) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow plasma drift and neutral wind velocities using the Ensemble Square Root Filter together with the ionospheric numerical model. One of the objectives of the current research was assessing the performance of the upper atmosphere state and parameter ensemble estimation technique in the framework of the Observational System Simulation Experiment (OSSE). The other purpose was to improve calculation accuracy for the major driving forces in the ionosphere and to increase modeling reliability in real-data operational cases. In the current paper we describe the setup of the modeling system used to obtain the presented results. In the first section we introduce the background physics-based model used in the simulations and discuss its main assumptions along with (E) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow drift and the neutral wind velocity calculation algorithms. Further we present the observations simulation system and describe the data used for assimilation and parameter estimation. We also provide a brief description of the Ensemble Square Root Filter and its application in the current study. In the last few sections the results of the numerical experiments are presented and discussed. C1 [Solomentsev, D. V.; Titov, A. A.; Khattatov, V. U.] Cent Aerol Observ, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. [Khattatov, B. V.] Fus Numer Int LLC, Boulder, CO USA. [Codrescu, M. V.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Yudin, V.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Solomentsev, DV (reprint author), Cent Aerol Observ, Pervomayskaya Str 3, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Russia. EM d.solomentsev@gmail.com FU Central Aerological Observatory FX Authors would like to thank the collective of Central Aerological Observatory for providing scientific advice and funding of the current research. We are grateful to Louis J. Lanzerotti and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL 27 PY 2012 VL 10 AR S07004 DI 10.1029/2012SW000777 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 980PE UT WOS:000306904600001 ER PT J AU Painter, TH Skiles, SM Deems, JS Bryant, AC Landry, CC AF Painter, Thomas H. Skiles, S. McKenzie Deems, Jeffrey S. Bryant, Ann C. Landry, Christopher C. TI Dust radiative forcing in snow of the Upper Colorado River Basin: 1. A 6 year record of energy balance, radiation, and dust concentrations SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; ALBEDO AB Dust in snow accelerates snowmelt through its direct reduction of snow albedo and its further indirect reduction of albedo by accelerating the growth of snow grains. Since the westward expansion of the United States that began in the mid-19th century, the mountain snow cover of the Colorado River Basin has been subject to five-fold greater dust loading, largely from the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin. Radiative forcing of snowmelt by dust is not captured by conventional micrometeorological measurements, and must be monitored by a more comprehensive suite of radiation instruments. Here we present a 6 year record of energy balance and detailed radiation measurements in the Senator Beck Basin Study Area, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA. Data include broadband irradiance, filtered irradiance, broadband reflected flux, filtered reflected flux, broadband and visible albedo, longwave irradiance, wind speed, relative humidity, and air temperatures. The gradient of the snow surface is monitored weekly and used to correct albedo measurements for geometric effects. The snow is sampled weekly for dust concentrations in plots immediately adjacent to each tower over the melt season. Broadband albedo in the last weeks of snow cover ranged from 0.33 to 0.55 across the 6 years and two sites. Total end of year dust concentration in the top 3 cm of the snow column ranged from 0.23 mg g(-1) to 4.16 mg g(-1). These measurements enable monitoring and modeling of dust and climate-driven snowmelt forcings in the Upper Colorado River Basin. C1 [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.; Skiles, S. McKenzie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.; Skiles, S. McKenzie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO USA. [Bryant, Ann C.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Landry, Christopher C.] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO USA. RP Painter, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM thomas.painter@jpl.nasa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU National Science Foundation [ATM04323237, ATM0431955]; NASA [NNX10AO97G] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation grants ATM04323237 and ATM0431955, and NASA project NNX10AO97G. We acknowledge the assistance of Andrew Barrett in data processing. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. We thank Jeff Dozier, Steve Warren, and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions that improved this manuscript. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W07521 DI 10.1029/2012WR011985 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 980PQ UT WOS:000306905800001 ER PT J AU Skiles, SM Painter, TH Deems, JS Bryant, AC Landry, CC AF Skiles, S. McKenzie Painter, Thomas H. Deems, Jeffrey S. Bryant, Ann C. Landry, Christopher C. TI Dust radiative forcing in snow of the Upper Colorado River Basin: 2. Interannual variability in radiative forcing and snowmelt rates SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSIS; ENERGY EXCHANGE; ALPINE REGION; SIERRA-NEVADA; GRAIN-SIZE; CLIMATE; SURFACE; CONTAMINATION; REFLECTANCE; DEPOSITION AB Here we present the radiative and snowmelt impacts of dust deposition to snow cover using a 6-year energy balance record (2005-2010) at alpine and subalpine micrometeorological towers in the Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in southwestern Colorado, USA. These results follow from the measurements described in part I. We simulate the evolution of snow water equivalent at each station under scenarios of observed and dust-free conditions, and +2 degrees C and +4 degrees C melt-season temperature perturbations to these scenarios. Over the 6 years of record, daily mean dust radiative forcing ranged from 0 to 214 W m(-2), with hourly peaks up to 409 W m(-2). Mean springtime dust radiative forcings across the period ranged from 31 to 49 W m(-2) at the alpine site and 45 to 75 W m(-2) at the subalpine site, in turn shortening snow cover duration by 21 to 51 days. The dust-advanced loss of snow cover (days) is linearly related to total dust concentration at the end of snow cover, despite temporal variability in dust exposure and solar irradiance. Under clean snow conditions, the temperature increases shorten snow cover by 5-18 days, whereas in the presence of dust they only shorten snow duration by 0-6 days. Dust radiative forcing also causes faster and earlier peak snowmelt outflow with daily mean snowpack outflow doubling under the heaviest dust conditions. On average, snow cover at the towers is lost 2.5 days after peak outflow in dusty conditions, and 1-2 weeks after peak outflow in clean conditions. C1 [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Skiles, S. McKenzie; Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Skiles, S. McKenzie; Painter, Thomas H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Deems, Jeffrey S.] NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO USA. [Bryant, Ann C.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Landry, Christopher C.] Ctr Snow & Avalanche Studies, Silverton, CO USA. RP Painter, TH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM thomas.painter@jpl.nasa.gov RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU National Science Foundation [ATM04323237, ATM0431955]; NASA [NNX10AO97G] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation grants ATM04323237 and ATM0431955, and NASA project NNX10AO97G. We acknowledge the assistance of Andrew Barrett in data processing. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. We thank Jeff Dozier, Steve Warren, and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions that improved this manuscript. NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W07522 DI 10.1029/2012WR011986 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 980PQ UT WOS:000306905800002 ER PT J AU Bohn, CD Agrawal, AK Walter, EC Vaudin, MD Herzing, AA Haney, PM Talin, AA Szalai, VA AF Bohn, Christopher D. Agrawal, Amit K. Walter, Erich C. Vaudin, Mark D. Herzing, Andrew A. Haney, Paul M. Talin, A. Alec Szalai, Veronika A. TI Effect of Tin Doping on alpha-Fe2O3 Photoanodes for Water Splitting SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE ELECTRODES; OXYGEN EVOLUTION; DOPED HEMATITE; NANOROD ARRAYS; FILMS; QUANTIFICATION; SEMICONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; KINETICS; GROWTH AB Sputter-deposited films of alpha-Fe2O3 of thickness 600 nm were investigated as photoanodes for solar water splitting and found to have photocurrents as high as 0.8 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Sputter-deposited films, relative to nanostructured samples produced by hydrothermal synthesis,(1,2) permit facile characterization of the role and placement of dopants. The Sn dopant concentration in the alpha-Fe2O3 varies as a function of distance from the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) interface and was quantified using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to give a mole fraction of cations of approximately 0.02% at the electrolyte interface. Additional techniques for determining dopant density, including energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and conductivity measurements, are compared and discussed. Based on this multifaceted data set, we conclude that not all dopants present in the alpha-Fe2O3 are active. Dopant activation, rather than just increasing surface area or dopant concentration, is critical for improving metal oxide performance in water splitting. A more complete understanding of dopant activation will lead to further improvements in the design and response of nanostructured photoanodes. C1 [Bohn, Christopher D.; Agrawal, Amit K.; Walter, Erich C.; Haney, Paul M.; Talin, A. Alec; Szalai, Veronika A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Walter, Erich C.] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vaudin, Mark D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szalai, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.bohn@nist.gov; veronika.szalai@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; Walter, Erich/H-2165-2013 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX We acknowledge the support of Fred Sharifi with reactive sputtering, Henri Lezec for advice on FIB milling, Nikolai Zhitenev for discussions on measurements, Glenn Holland for machining the electrochemical cell, as well as Alan Band and Dave Rutter for assistance with electronics. E.C.W. acknowledges support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program, Award 70NANB10H026, through the University of Maryland. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are the best available for the purpose. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 29 BP 15290 EP 15296 DI 10.1021/jp305221v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 978FE UT WOS:000306725200012 ER PT J AU Corzo, NV Marino, AM Jones, KM Lett, PD AF Corzo, N. V. Marino, A. M. Jones, K. M. Lett, P. D. TI Noiseless Optical Amplifier Operating on Hundreds of Spatial Modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SENSITIVE AMPLIFICATION; PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFICATION; QUANTUM-NOISE; LINEAR-AMPLIFIERS; IMAGES; FIBER; REDUCTION; PUMP AB We implement a noiseless optical amplifier using a phase-sensitive four-wave mixing process in rubidium vapor. We observe performance near the quantum limit for this type of amplifier over a range of experimental parameters and show that the noise figure is always better than would be obtained with a phase-insensitive amplifier with the same gain. Additionally, we observe that the amplifier supports hundreds of spatial modes, making it possible to amplify complex two-dimensional spatial patterns with less than a 10% degradation of the input signal-to-noise ratio for gains up to 4.6. To confirm the multimode character of the amplifier, we study the noise figure as a function of spatially-varying losses. Additionally, we investigate the spatial resolution of the amplifier and show that it supports a range of spatial frequencies from 1.3 to more than 35 line pairs per millimeter. C1 [Corzo, N. V.; Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, N. V.; Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, N. V.; Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corzo, N. V.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. [Jones, K. M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Corzo, NV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.lett@nist.gov RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 FU DARPA; AFOSR; NSF (Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute) FX This work was supported by the DARPA, AFOSR, and NSF (Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute). N. V. C. acknowledges CONACYT. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 26 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 4 AR 043602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.043602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 980ZP UT WOS:000306933000003 PM 23006087 ER PT J AU Chia, HJ Guo, F Belova, LM McMichael, RD AF Chia, Han-Jong Guo, Feng Belova, L. M. McMichael, R. D. TI Spectroscopic defect imaging in magnetic nanostructure arrays SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB We introduce a method for imaging defective structures in an array of magnetic nanodevices using ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy with contrast between normal and defective devices provided through differences in resonance condition. In a demonstration of this technique, two dimensional scans of an array resolve not only intentional differences in resonant field between 200 nm circular dots and an intentional oval "defect," but also smaller differences between the nominally identical circular dots in the array. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4738789] C1 [Chia, Han-Jong; Guo, Feng] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chia, Han-Jong; Guo, Feng] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Belova, L. M.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chia, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hanjong.chia@everspin.com; robert.mcmichael@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Belova, Lyubov/A-9868-2011; Guo, Feng/N-8584-2013; OI Belova, Lyubov/0000-0003-4889-4210; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We are grateful for valuable discussions with E. D. Dahlberg and Konrad Aschenbach, H. Chia, and F. Guo acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 23 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 4 AR 042408 DI 10.1063/1.4738789 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981CR UT WOS:000306944700058 ER PT J AU Watanabe, M Wittenberg, AT AF Watanabe, Masahiro Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI A method for disentangling El Nino-mean state interaction SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; OCEAN; ENSO; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATION; FEEDBACK; IMPACT AB The amplitude of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to fluctuate in long records derived from observations and general circulation models (GCMs), even when driven by constant external forcings. This involves an interaction between the ENSO cycle and the background mean state, which affects the climatological precipitation over the eastern equatorial Pacific. The changes in climatological rainfall may be ascribed to several factors: changes in mean sea surface temperature (SST), changes in SST variability, and changes in the sensitivity of precipitation to SST. We propose a method to separate these effects in model ensembles. A case study with a single GCM demonstrates that the method works well, and suggests that each factor plays a role in changing mean precipitation. Applying the method to 16 pre-industrial control simulations archived in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) reveals that the inter-model diversity in mean precipitation arises mostly from differences in the mean SST and atmospheric sensitivity to SST, rather than from differences in ENSO amplitude. Citation: Watanabe, M., and A. T. Wittenberg (2012), A method for disentangling El Nino-mean state interaction, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L14702, doi:10.1029/2012GL052013. C1 [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Watanabe, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. EM hiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU MEXT, Japan; Mitsui Environment Fund [C-042] FX M.W. is grateful to F.-F. Jin for stimulating discussion. Thanks are also due to M. Collins, J.-S. Kug, J. N. Brown, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments. This work was supported by the Innovative Program of Climate Change Projection for the 21st Century from MEXT, Japan, and the Mitsui Environment Fund C-042. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L14702 DI 10.1029/2012GL052013 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 045WB UT WOS:000311726400001 ER PT J AU Ocko, IB AF Ocko, Ilissa B. TI The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ocko, Ilissa B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ocko, IB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM iocko@princeton.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 20 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6092 BP 296 EP 296 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 975WQ UT WOS:000306542600032 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Bushinsky, R Ayres, T France, K AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Bushinsky, Rachel Ayres, Tom France, Kevin TI ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF RAPIDLY ROTATING SOLAR-MASS STARS: EMISSION-LINE REDSHIFTS AS A TEST OF THE SOLAR-STELLAR CONNECTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: activity; stars: chromospheres; stars: rotation; stars: solar-type; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: UV radiation ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; YOUNG GALACTIC CLUSTERS; II SOLSTICE-II; X-RAY-EMISSION; SUN-LIKE STARS; TRANSITION REGION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SPECTROGRAPH OBSERVATIONS AB We compare high-resolution ultraviolet spectra of the Sun and thirteen solar-mass main-sequence stars with different rotational periods that serve as proxies for their different ages and magnetic field structures. In this, the second paper in the series, we study the dependence of ultraviolet emission-line centroid velocities on stellar rotation period, as rotation rates decrease from that of the Pleiades star HII314 (P-rot = 1.47 days) to alpha Cen A (P-rot = 28 days). Our stellar sample of F9 V to G5 V stars consists of six stars observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and eight stars observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on HST. We find a systematic trend of increasing redshift with more rapid rotation (decreasing rotation period) that is similar to the increase in line redshift between quiet and plage regions on the Sun. The fastest-rotating solar-mass star in our study, HII314, shows significantly enhanced redshifts at all temperatures above log T = 4.6, including the corona, which is very different from the redshift pattern observed in the more slowly rotating stars. This difference in the redshift pattern suggests that a qualitative change in the magnetic-heating process occurs near P-rot = 2 days. We propose that HII314 is an example of a solar-mass star with a magnetic heating rate too large for the physical processes responsible for the redshift pattern to operate in the same way as for the more slowly rotating stars. HII314 may therefore lie above the high activity end of the set of solar-like phenomena that is often called the "solar-stellar connection." C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bushinsky, Rachel] Univ Colorado, APS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ayres, Tom; France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, HST-GO-11687.01-A] FX This work is supported by NASA through grants NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, and HST-GO-11687.01-A to the University of Colorado at Boulder. We thank Tom Woods and Martin Snow for providing the SORCE data and Steven Osterman for information on the calibration of COS. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 20 PY 2012 VL 754 IS 1 AR 69 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/69 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 970EV UT WOS:000306111800069 ER PT J AU Miao, HX Srinivasan, K Aksyuk, V AF Miao, Houxun Srinivasan, Kartik Aksyuk, Vladimir TI A microelectromechanically controlled cavity optomechanical sensing system SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CASIMIR FORCE; ACCELEROMETER; OSCILLATORS; RESONATORS; LIMIT AB Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been applied to many measurement problems in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. In parallel, cavity optomechanical systems have achieved quantum-limited displacement sensitivity and ground state cooling of nanoscale objects. By integrating a novel cavity optomechanical structure into an actuated MEMS sensing platform, we demonstrate a system with high-quality-factor interferometric readout, electrical tuning of the optomechanical coupling by two orders of magnitude and a mechanical transfer function adjustable via feedback. The platform separates optical and mechanical components, allowing flexible customization for specific scientific and commercial applications. We achieve a displacement sensitivity of 4.6 fm Hz(-1/2) and a force sensitivity of 53 aN Hz(-1/2) with only 250nW optical power launched into the sensor. Cold-damping feedback is used to reduce the thermal mechanical vibration of the sensor by three orders of magnitude and to broaden the sensor bandwidth by approximately the same factor, to above twice the fundamental frequency of approximate to 40 kHz. The readout sensitivity approaching the standard quantum limit is combined with MEMS actuation in a fully integrated, compact, low-power, stable system compatible with Si batch fabrication and electronics integration. C1 [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Aksyuk, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Aksyuk, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov RI Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology's Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology from the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) through the MESO program FX We thank the staff of the CNST Nanofab, especially Lei Chen and Richard Kasica, for assistance with fabrication and Alan Band for his assistance with circuits. HM acknowledges support through the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (award no. 70NANB10H193) from the University of Maryland. This work was partially supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) through the MESO program. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 19 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 075015 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/075015 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 982VB UT WOS:000307072400002 ER PT J AU Hoarfrost, ML Tyagi, M Segalman, RA Reimer, JA AF Hoarfrost, Megan L. Tyagi, Madhusudan Segalman, Rachel A. Reimer, Jeffrey A. TI Proton Hopping and Long-Range Transport in the Protic Ionic Liquid [Im][TFSI], Probed by Pulsed-Field Gradient NMR and Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLID-STATE NMR; RELAXATION PROCESSES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; IMIDAZOLE; HYDROGEN; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; MECHANISM; MOBILITY AB The management of proton conductivity in the protic ionic liquid imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Im][TFSI]) is investigated via the use of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and pulsed-field gradient NMR. The introduction of excess neutral imidazole to [Im][TFSI] leads to enhanced conductivity. We find that proton dynamics in [Im][TFSI] with excess imidazole are characterized by proton hopping that is encompassed in the slower of two translational processes, as identified by QENS. This relatively slow process contributes to long-range diffusion more than the faster process. NMR diffusion measurements show that proton hopping decreases with increasing temperature, but significant proton hopping persists even at the maximum experimental temperature of 120 degrees C. This, in combination with minimal ion aggregation, leads to high proton conductivity and a high proton transference number over a wide temperature range. C1 [Hoarfrost, Megan L.; Segalman, Rachel A.; Reimer, Jeffrey A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoarfrost, Megan L.; Reimer, Jeffrey A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hoarfrost, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhoarfrost@berkeley.edu RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; agency of the United States Government FX This material is based on work performed by the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, as follows: Material preparation and investigation of ionic liquid dynamics was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, and Infrastructure Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Continued investigation of ionic-liquid dynamics and interpretation of dynamical data was supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0004993. M.L.H. is thankful for support from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. This work utilized facilities at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0944772. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Timothy Jenkins and Dr. Craig Brown for experimental assistance at the NCNR as well as Dr. Joel Stettler for technical assistance with NMR experiments. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of its employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed,, or represents that its use would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer,, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 19 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 28 BP 8201 EP 8209 DI 10.1021/jp3044237 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 975ID UT WOS:000306503000022 PM 22734431 ER PT J AU Jiang, JH Su, H Zhai, CX Perun, VS Del Genio, A Nazarenko, LS Donner, LJ Horowitz, L Seman, C Cole, J Gettelman, A Ringer, MA Rotstayn, L Jeffrey, S Wu, TW Brient, F Dufresne, JL Kawai, H Koshiro, T Watanabe, M LEcuyer, TS Volodin, EM Iversen, T Drange, H Mesquita, MDS Read, WG Waters, JW Tian, BJ Teixeira, J Stephens, GL AF Jiang, Jonathan H. Su, Hui Zhai, Chengxing Perun, Vincent S. Del Genio, Anthony Nazarenko, Larissa S. Donner, Leo J. Horowitz, Larry Seman, Charles Cole, Jason Gettelman, Andrew Ringer, Mark A. Rotstayn, Leon Jeffrey, Stephen Wu, Tongwen Brient, Florent Dufresne, Jean-Louis Kawai, Hideaki Koshiro, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Masahiro LEcuyer, Tristan S. Volodin, Evgeny M. Iversen, Trond Drange, Helge Mesquita, Michel D. S. Read, William G. Waters, Joe W. Tian, Baijun Teixeira, Joao Stephens, Graeme L. TI Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA "A-Train" satellite observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; AURA MLS; CAM-OSLO; GCM; SENSITIVITY; FEEDBACK; VARIABILITY AB Using NASA's A-Train satellite measurements, we evaluate the accuracy of cloud water content (CWC) and water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) outputs from 19 climate models submitted to the Phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and assess improvements relative to their counterparts for the earlier CMIP3. We find more than half of the models show improvements from CMIP3 to CMIP5 in simulating column-integrated cloud amount, while changes in water vapor simulation are insignificant. For the 19 CMIP5 models, the model spreads and their differences from the observations are larger in the upper troposphere (UT) than in the lower or middle troposphere (L/MT). The modeled mean CWCs over tropical oceans range from similar to 3% to similar to 15 x of the observations in the UT and 40% to 2 x of the observations in the L/MT. For modeled H2Os, the mean values over tropical oceans range from similar to 1% to 2 x of the observations in the UT and within 10% of the observations in the L/MT. The spatial distributions of clouds at 215 hPa are relatively well-correlated with observations, noticeably better than those for the L/MT clouds. Although both water vapor and clouds are better simulated in the L/MT than in the UT, there is no apparent correlation between the model biases in clouds and water vapor. Numerical scores are used to compare different model performances in regards to spatial mean, variance and distribution of CWC and H2O over tropical oceans. Model performances at each pressure level are ranked according to the average of all the relevant scores for that level. C1 [Jiang, Jonathan H.; Su, Hui; Zhai, Chengxing; Perun, Vincent S.; Read, William G.; Waters, Joe W.; Tian, Baijun; Teixeira, Joao; Stephens, Graeme L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Del Genio, Anthony; Nazarenko, Larissa S.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Donner, Leo J.; Horowitz, Larry; Seman, Charles] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Cole, Jason] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ringer, Mark A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Rotstayn, Leon] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Jeffrey, Stephen] Queensland Climate Change Ctr Excellence, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia. [Wu, Tongwen] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Brient, Florent; Dufresne, Jean-Louis] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorologie Dynam, Paris, France. [Kawai, Hideaki; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Watanabe, Masahiro] Univ Tokyo, Model Interdisciplinary Res Climate Atmospher & O, Chiba, Japan. [LEcuyer, Tristan S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Volodin, Evgeny M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Iversen, Trond] Norwegian Climate Ctr, Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Drange, Helge; Mesquita, Michel D. S.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Uni Res, Bergen, Norway. RP Jiang, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-701,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jonathan.h.jiang@jpl.nasa.gov RI Tian, Baijun/A-1141-2007; Ringer, Mark/E-7294-2013; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/I-5616-2015; Mesquita, Michel d. S./C-3414-2009; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/O-7183-2016; OI Tian, Baijun/0000-0001-9369-2373; Ringer, Mark/0000-0003-4014-2583; Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836; Dufresne, Jean-Louis/0000-0003-4764-9600; Mesquita, Michel d. S./0000-0002-4556-5414; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi/0000-0003-2971-7446; Cole, Jason/0000-0003-0450-2748 FU Aura MLS team; Climate Science Center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; NASA; CloudSat project; NASA CloudSat Science [NAS5-99237]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101] FX The NASA ROSES10 AST and COUND programs fund this project. The authors acknowledge the supports by the Aura MLS team and the Climate Science Center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, sponsored by NASA. Jonathan Jiang and Hui Su are also grateful to Debbie Vane and CloudSat project for support; Tristan L'Ecuyer thanks the NASA CloudSat Science grant NAS5-99237; Mark Ringer acknowledges the support by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). We thank helpful discussion and comments from Peter Gleckler, Karl Taylor, Stephen Klein and Curt Covey of PCMDI, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Veronika Eyring of Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Germany; William Rossow of City College of New York; Mark Schoeberl of Science and Technology Corporation; Brian Kahn of the AIRS team; Stephen Platnick of the MODIS team; and Melody Avery of the CALIPSO team. The three internal reviewers from CCCMA and CSIRO, as well as the three anonymous reviewers of this journal, provided constructive comments. We are also very thankful to our colleagues from climate modeling centers across the globe, including BCC, BCCR, CCCMA, CNRM, QCCCE, CSIRO, GFDL, GISS, INM, IPSL, MIROC, MRI, NCAR, NCC, and UKMO Hadley Centre. NR 84 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D14105 DI 10.1029/2011JD017237 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 977XN UT WOS:000306698300001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Ram, J Schmidt, C Huang, HC AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Ram, Jessica Schmidt, Christopher Huang, Ho-Chun TI Near-real-time global biomass burning emissions product from geostationary satellite constellation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FIRE RADIATIVE ENERGY; BURNED-AREA; AIR-QUALITY; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIURNAL FIRE; MODIS; SMOKE; VARIABILITY; INVENTORY; AFRICA AB Near-real-time estimates of biomass burning emissions are crucial for air quality monitoring and forecasting. We present here the first near-real-time global biomass burning emission product from geostationary satellites (GBBEP-Geo) produced from satellite-derived fire radiative power (FRP) for individual fire pixels. Specifically, the FRP is retrieved using WF_ABBA V65 (wildfire automated biomass burning algorithm) from a network of multiple geostationary satellites. The network consists of two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) which are operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Meteosat second-generation satellites (Meteosat-09) operated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and the Multifunctional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. These satellites observe wildfires at an interval of 15-30 min. Because of the impacts from sensor saturation, cloud cover, and background surface, the FRP values are generally not continuously observed. The missing observations are simulated by combining the available instantaneous FRP observations within a day and a set of representative climatological diurnal patterns of FRP for various ecosystems. Finally, the simulated diurnal variation in FRP is applied to quantify biomass combustion and emissions in individual fire pixels with a latency of 1 day. By analyzing global patterns in hourly biomass burning emissions in 2010, we find that peak fire season varied greatly and that annual wildfires burned 1.33 x 10(12) kg dry mass, released 1.27 x 10(10) kg of PM2.5 (particulate mass for particles with diameter < 2.5 mu m) and 1.18 x 10(11) kg of CO globally (excluding most parts of boreal Asia, the Middle East, and India because of no coverage from geostationary satellites). The biomass burning emissions were mostly released from forest and savanna fires in Africa, South America, and North America. Evaluation of emission result reveals that the GBBEP-Geo estimates are comparable with other FRP-derived estimates in Africa, while the results are generally smaller than most of the other global products that were derived from burned area and fuel loading. However, the daily emissions estimated from GOES FRP over the United States are generally consistent with those modeled from GOES burned area and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) fuel loading, which produces an overall bias of 5.7% and a correlation slope of 0.97 +/- 0.2. It is expected that near-real-time hourly emissions from GBBEP-Geo could provide a crucial component for atmospheric and chemical transport modelers to forecast air quality and weather conditions. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang; Kondragunta, Shobha] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Ram, Jessica] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, IMSG Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Schmidt, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Huang, Ho-Chun] Natl Weather Serv, IMSG Natl Ctr Environm Predict, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 81 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D14201 DI 10.1029/2012JD017459 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 977XN UT WOS:000306698300002 ER PT J AU Choi, J Troy, CD Hsieh, TC Hawley, N McCormick, MJ AF Choi, Jun Troy, Cary D. Hsieh, Tsung-Chan Hawley, Nathan McCormick, Michael J. TI A year of internal Poincare waves in southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL OSCILLATIONS; STRATIFIED LAKE; COASTAL; WIND; TRANSPORT; ONTARIO; MOTIONS; WATERS AB A unique set of full year, deep water observations from the middle of Lake Michigan's southern basin are analyzed to quantify the seasonal variability of the dominant near-inertial internal Poincare wave. At this mid-lake location, the Poincare wave is seen to describe more than 80% of the observed surface current variability for much of the year, with characteristic near-inertial frequency and clockwise-rotating velocities. The dominance of the near-inertial seiche on the flow decreases with depth. The wave persists during the "stratified period," roughly May through late December, and is supported by as few as 1-2 degrees of thermal stratification over 150 m; only after complete water column mixing does the wave go dormant for January through April. The strongest Poincare wave activity is seen to correspond to the period of strongest summer thermal stratification (August), in spite of the relatively weak winds at this time. A simple inertial slab model optimized with linear friction is shown to capture the seasonal variability of the near-inertial energy at this location reasonably well. The vertical structure of the wave shows good agreement with that calculated with a standard normal modes formulation, which is in turn used to characterize the potential shear and mixing caused by the wave. Late-spring and summer events of elevated Poincare wave activity are shown to generate sufficiently strong shear with persistent periods of sub-1 Richardson numbers within the thermocline, suggesting that the near-inertial seiche is likely generating thermocline instabilities in the lake's interior. C1 [Choi, Jun; Troy, Cary D.; Hsieh, Tsung-Chan] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [McCormick, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Troy, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM troy@purdue.edu FU National Science Foundation, Division of Physical Oceanography [OCE-1030842] FX We acknowledge the constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the paper. We also thank the personnel of the Marine Instrumentation Laboratory at the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) for preparing and downloading the current meters and crew of the RV Laurentian for assistance in deploying and retrieving them. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, Division of Physical Oceanography grant OCE-1030842. This is GLERL contribution 1631. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C07014 DI 10.1029/2012JC007984 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 977YV UT WOS:000306702800002 ER PT J AU Lippincott, WH Coakley, KJ Gastler, D Kearns, E McKinsey, DN Nikkel, JA AF Lippincott, W. H. Coakley, K. J. Gastler, D. Kearns, E. McKinsey, D. N. Nikkel, J. A. TI Scintillation yield and time dependence from electronic and nuclear recoils in liquid neon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER; EXCESS ELECTRON; RADIATIVE DECAY; EXCITED-STATES; BUBBLE STATES; HELIUM; XENON; ARGON; ENERGY; FLUORESCENCE AB We have performed measurements of scintillation light in liquid neon, observing a signal yield in our detector as high as (3.5 +/- 0.4) photoelectrons/keV. We measure pulse shape discrimination efficiency between electronic and nuclear recoils in liquid neon from 50 to 300 keV nuclear recoil energy. We also measure the L-eff parameter in liquid neon between 30 and 370 keV nuclear recoil energy, observing an average L-eff = 0.24 above 50 keV. We observe a dependence of the scintillation time distribution and signal yield on the pressure and temperature of the liquid neon. C1 [Lippincott, W. H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Lippincott, W. H.; McKinsey, D. N.; Nikkel, J. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Coakley, K. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gastler, D.; Kearns, E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Lippincott, WH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hugh@fnal.gov FU Packard Science and Engineering Program, Yale University; US Department of Energy FX We gratefully acknowledge Dongming Mei for useful discussion and data on the stopping power of neon. We thank Joshua Klein, Stan Seibert, Franco Giuliani, and Thomas Caldwell for useful discussion and for their work on the RAT simulation package. This work was supported by a grant from the Packard Science and Engineering Program, Yale University, and the US Department of Energy. Computer simulations were supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL 18 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 AR 015807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.015807 PG 16 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 975JZ UT WOS:000306508900005 ER PT J AU Kodama, M Hard, JJ Naish, KA AF Kodama, Miyako Hard, Jeffrey J. Naish, Kerry A. TI Temporal variation in selection on body length and date of return in a wild population of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Selection; Temporal variation; Evolution; Environmental variation; Lifetime reproductive success; Oncorhynchus kisutch ID INDIVIDUAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-SELECTION; PACIFIC SALMON; PHENOTYPIC SELECTION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; BREEDING COMPETITION; RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Background: A number of studies have measured selection in nature to understand how populations adapt to their environment; however, the temporal dynamics of selection are rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal variation in selection by comparing the mode, direction and strength of selection on fitness-related traits between two cohorts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Specifically, we quantified individual reproductive success and examined selection on date of return and body length in a wild population at Big Beef Creek, Washington (USA). Results: Reproductive success and the mode, direction and strength of selection on date of return and body length differed between two cohorts sampled in 2006 and 2007. Adults of the first brood year had greater success over those of the second. In 2006, disruptive selection favored early and late returning individuals in 2-year-old males, and earlier returning 3-year-old males had higher fitness. No evidence of selection on date of return was detected in females. In 2007, selection on date of return was not observed in males of either age class, but stabilizing selection on date of return was observed in females. No selection on body length was detected in males of both age classes in 2006, and large size was associated with higher fitness in females. In 2007, selection favored larger size in 3-year-old males and intermediate size in females. Correlational selection between date of return and body length was observed only in 2-year-old males in 2006. Conclusions: We found evidence of selection on body length and date of return to the spawning ground, both of which are important fitness-related traits in salmonid species, but this selection varied over time. Fluctuation in the mode, direction and strength of selection between two cohorts was likely to be due to factors such as changes in precipitation, occurrence of catastrophic events (flooding), the proportion of younger-versus older-maturing males, sex ratio and densities of spawners. C1 [Kodama, Miyako; Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kodama, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM mkodama@uw.edu RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014; OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778; Kodama, Miyako/0000-0002-4680-9724 FU NOAA Fisheries/Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Remand Funds; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Graduate Opportunities and Minority Achievement Program (GO-MAP), University of Washington FX We thank Matthew Gillum and Eric Kummerow for field sampling and collection of phenotypic data, and Mara Zimmerman and Clayton Kinsel for help assessing WDFW unpublished data. We also thank Isadora Jimenez-Hidalgo for assistance with molecular analyses. Dave Beauchamp, Todd Seamons and Joseph Anderson provided thoughtful discussions and helpful suggestions. Kotaro Ono and Eric Ward provided invaluable comments on statistical methods. Funding for this study was provided by NOAA Fisheries/Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) Biological Opinion Remand Funds, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences and Graduate Opportunities and Minority Achievement Program (GO-MAP), University of Washington. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 32 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 12 AR 116 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-12-116 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 027CZ UT WOS:000310330700001 PM 22805481 ER PT J AU Smith, AW Lorentz, SR Stone, TC Datla, RV AF Smith, Allan W. Lorentz, Steven R. Stone, Thomas C. Datla, Raju V. TI Lunar Spectral Irradiance and Radiance (LUSI): New Instrumentation to Characterize the Moon as a Space-Based Radiometric Standard SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE moon; radiometry; satellite sensor calibration ID RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATIONS; UNIFORM SOURCES; SOLAR; NIST; FACILITY; NM AB The need to understand and monitor climate change has led to proposed radiometric accuracy requirements for space-based remote sensing instruments that are very stringent and currently outside the capabilities of many Earth orbiting instruments. A major problem is quantifying changes in sensor performance that occur from launch and during the mission. To address this problem on-orbit calibrators and monitors have been developed, but they too can suffer changes from launch and the harsh space environment. One solution is to use the Moon as a calibration reference source. Already the Moon has been used to remove post-launch drift and to cross-calibrate different instruments, but further work is needed to develop a new model with low absolute uncertainties capable of climate-quality absolute calibration of Earth observing instruments on orbit. To this end, we are proposing an Earth-based instrument suite to measure the absolute lunar spectral irradiance to an uncertainty(1) of 0.5% (k=1) over the spectral range from 320 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral resolution of approximately 0.3%. Absolute measurements of lunar radiance will also be acquired to facilitate calibration of high spatial resolution sensors. The instruments will be deployed at high elevation astronomical observatories and flown on high-altitude balloons in order to mitigate the effects of the Earth's atmosphere on the lunar observations. Periodic calibrations using instrumentation and techniques available from NIST will ensure traceability to the International System of Units (SI) and low absolute radiometric uncertainties. C1 [Smith, Allan W.; Datla, Raju V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stone, Thomas C.] US Geol Survey, Washington, DC USA. RP Smith, AW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM allan.smith@nist.gov; steven.lorentz@nist.gov; tstone@usgs.gov; raju.datla@nist.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 185 EP 201 DI 10.6028/jres.117.011 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988WE UT WOS:000307520700001 PM 26900523 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Dura, JA Freites, JA Tobias, DJ Blasie, JK AF Gupta, S. Dura, J. A. Freites, J. A. Tobias, D. J. Blasie, J. K. TI Structural Characterization of the Voltage-Sensor Domain and Voltage-Gated K+-Channel Proteins Vectorially Oriented within a Single Bilayer Membrane at the Solid/Vapor and Solid/Liquid Interfaces via Neutron Interferometry SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM MEMBRANES; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; X-RAY; ION CHANNELS; PROFILE STRUCTURES; LIPID-MEMBRANE; KVAP; ACTIVATION; CONDUCTION; MONOLAYERS AB The voltage-sensor domain (VSD) is a modular four-helix bundle component that confers voltage sensitivity to voltage-gated cation channels in biological membranes. Despite extensive biophysical studies and the recent availability of X-ray crystal structures for a few voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels and a voltage-gate sodium (Nay) channel, a complete understanding of the cooperative mechanism of electromechanical coupling, interconverting the closed-to-open states (i.e., nonconducting to cation conducting) remains undetermined. Moreover, the function of these domains is highly dependent on the physical-chemical properties of the surrounding lipid membrane environment. The basis for this work was provided by a recent structural study of the VSD from a prokaryotic K.v-channel vectorkdly oriented within a single phospholipid (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC)) membrane investigated by X-ray interferometry at the solid/moist He (or solid/vapor) and solid/liquid interfaces, thus achieving partial to full hydration, respectively (Gupta et al. Phys. Rev. E 2011, 84, 031911-1-15). Here, we utilize neutron interferometry to characterize this system in substantially greater structural detail at the submolecular level, due to its inherent advantages arising from solvent contrast variation coupled with the deuteration of selected submolecular membrane components, especially important for the membrane at the solid/liquid interface. We demonstrate the unique vectorial orientation of the VSD and the retention of its molecular conformation manifest in the asymmetric profile structure of the protein within the profile structure of this single bilayer membrane system. We definitively characterize the asymmetric phospholipid bilayer solvating the lateral surfaces of the VSD protein within the membrane. The profile structures of both the VSD protein and phospholipid bilayer depend upon the hydration state of the membrane. We also determine the distribution of water and exchangeable hydrogen throughout the profile structure of both the VSD itself and the VSD:POPC membrane. These two experimentally determined water and exchangeable hydrogen distribution profiles are in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations of the VSD protein vectorially oriented within a fully hydrated POPC bilayer membrane, supporting the existence of the VSD's water pore. This approach was extended to the full-length Kv-channel (KvAP) at a solid/liquid interface, providing the separate profile structures of the KvAP protein and the POPC bilayer within the reconstituted KvAP:POPC membrane. C1 [Gupta, S.; Blasie, J. K.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Dura, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Freites, J. A.; Tobias, D. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM sgup@sas.upenn.edu; jkblasie@sas.upenn.edu RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD); U.S. Department of Commerce; NIH [RR14812]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallnation Neutron Source; Scientific Users Facility Division through the U.S. Department of Energy [IPTS-3952]; NIH/NINDS [NIH P01 GM086685] FX We thank Kenton Swartz and Dimitry Krepkiy (NINDS/NIH, Bethesda, MD) for providing VSD:OG, and Manuel Co-varrubias and Aditya Bhattacharji (Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA) for providing KvAP:DM proteins. Chian Liu (X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory) provided the fabrication of the inorganic multilayer (Si-Ni-Si) substrates, and Richard Chamberlain and Chris Carroll (University of California Irvine, CA) synthesized D4-POPC. We also thank Charles Majkrzak (NIST Center for Neutron Research) for improving the design of the solid/liquid interface cell accommodating our smaller substrates at NIST/NCNR, David Worcester for technical assistance at NIST/NCNR, Bill Pennie for fabricating the liquid cell used to measure reflectivity in a bulk aqueous environment at the Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Valeria Lauter, Haile Ambaye, and Richard Goyette (all at the SNS/ORNL) for technical assistance with the initial sample alignment and data reduction software. The authors (S.G. and J.K.B.) acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD), U.S. Department of Commerce, for use of the neutron research facilities used in a majority of this work, with additional support for the construction of the AND/R instrument from the Cold Neutrons in Biology and Technology Partnership funded via the NIH RR14812 grant, and use of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallnation Neutron Source, which is supported by the Scientific Users Facility Division through the U.S. Department of Energy, made possible through the user Award No. IPTS-3952 to S.G and J.K.B. Authors S.C., A.F., D.T., and J.K.B, acknowledge financial support from the NIH/NINDS Program Project Grant NIH P01 GM086685. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 17 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 28 BP 10504 EP 10520 DI 10.1021/la301219z PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 974NA UT WOS:000306441100024 PM 22686684 ER PT J AU Gallatin, GM Berglund, AJ AF Gallatin, Gregg M. Berglund, Andrew J. TI Optimal laser scan path for localizing a fluorescent particle in two or three dimensions SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; TRACKING; MICROSCOPY; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; POSITION; LIMIT; FCS AB Localizing a fluorescent particle by scanning a focused laser beam in its vicinity and analyzing the detected photon stream provides real-time information for a modern class of feedback control systems for particle tracking and trapping. We show for the full range of standard merit functions based on the Fisher information matrix (1) that the optimal path coincides with the positions of maximum slope of the square root of the beam intensity rather than with the intensity itself, (2) that this condition matches that derived from the theory describing the optimal design of experiments and (3) that in one dimension it is equivalent to maximizing the signal to noise ratio. The optimal path for a Gaussian beam scanned in two or three dimensions is presented along with the Cramer-Rao bound, which gives the ultimate localization accuracy that can be achieved by analyzing the detected photon stream. In two dimensions the optimum path is independent of the chosen merit function but this is not the case in three dimensions. Also, we show that whereas the optimum path for a Gaussian beam in two dimensions can be chosen to be continuous, it cannot be continuous in three dimensions. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Gallatin, Gregg M.; Berglund, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gallatin, GM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregg.gallatin@nist.gov RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 16 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 15 BP 16381 EP 16393 DI 10.1364/OE.20.016381 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 982OR UT WOS:000307055800027 ER PT J AU Clark, JB Zhou, ZF Glorieux, Q Marino, AM Lett, PD AF Clark, Jeremy B. Zhou, Zhifan Glorieux, Quentin Marino, Alberto M. Lett, Paul D. TI Imaging using quantum noise properties of light SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATOR; IMAGES AB We show that it is possible to estimate the shape of an object by measuring only the fluctuations of a probing field, allowing us to expose the object to a minimal light intensity. This scheme, based on noise measurements through homodyne detection, is useful in the regime where the number of photons is low enough that direct detection with a photodiode is difficult but high enough such that photon counting is not an option. We generate a few-photon state of multi-spatial-mode vacuum-squeezed twin beams using four-wave mixing and direct one of these twin fields through a binary intensity mask whose shape is to be imaged. Exploiting either the classical fluctuations in a single beam or quantum correlations between the twin beams, we demonstrate that under some conditions quantum correlations can provide an enhancement in sensitivity when estimating the shape of the object. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Clark, Jeremy B.; Zhou, Zhifan; Glorieux, Quentin; Marino, Alberto M.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Jeremy B.; Zhou, Zhifan; Glorieux, Quentin; Marino, Alberto M.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Jeremy B.; Zhou, Zhifan; Glorieux, Quentin; Marino, Alberto M.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Zhifan] E China Normal Univ, Quantum Inst Light & Atoms, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Clark, JB (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.clark@nist.gov RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012; Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233; NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 16 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 15 BP 17050 EP 17058 DI 10.1364/OE.20.017050 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 982OR UT WOS:000307055800090 ER PT J AU Alldredge, JW Moreland, J AF Alldredge, Jacob W. Moreland, John TI Magnetic particle imaging with a cantilever detector SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; PERMEABILITY; IRON AB We present a novel imaging method for measuring the position and magnetic moment of single micrometer scale particles. Our technique is based on magnetic force microscopy (MFM) with a magnetically hard magnetic tip in a uniform opposing field. By translating the MFM probe tip laterally and vertically, the local magnetic field at a particle can be precisely controlled. Our technique is similar to magnetic particle imaging, where the harmonic response of a particle to an AC field is measured; the difference is that here, the response is measured with a cantilever instead of a detector coil. We are able to precisely determine individual particle positions to within +/-0.022 mu m in a composite sample. In addition, by fitting the force derivative images taken at different distances above the sample and at different applied magnetic fields, we can determine the m-H characteristics of individual particles. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737608] C1 [Alldredge, Jacob W.; Moreland, John] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Alldredge, JW (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Alldredge, Jacob/0000-0001-6186-2622 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 112 IS 2 AR 023905 DI 10.1063/1.4737608 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 000XQ UT WOS:000308424500068 ER PT J AU Agha, I Davanco, M Thurston, B Srinivasan, K AF Agha, Imad Davanco, Marcelo Thurston, Bryce Srinivasan, Kartik TI Low-noise chip-based frequency conversion by four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in SiNx waveguides SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION; FIBER AB Low-noise, tunable wavelength-conversion through nondegenerate four-wave mixing Bragg scattering in SiNx waveguides is experimentally demonstrated. Finite element method simulations of waveguide dispersion are used with the split-step Fourier method to predict device performance. Two 1550 nm wavelength band pulsed pumps are used to achieve tunable conversion of a 980 nm signal over a range of 5 nm with a peak conversion efficiency of approximate to 5%. The demonstrated Bragg scattering process is suitable for frequency conversion of quantum states of light. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Agha, Imad; Davanco, Marcelo; Thurston, Bryce; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agha, Imad; Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Agha, I (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM imad.agha@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov FU DARPA MESO program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX We thank Houxun Miao and Rich Kasica for help with fabrication, Nanh Van Nguyen for ellipsometer measurements, Michael Raymer for helpful discussions, and the DARPA MESO program for partial support. I. A and M. D. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award 70NANB10H193. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 37 IS 14 BP 2997 EP 2999 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 978AH UT WOS:000306709900076 PM 22825204 ER PT J AU Lau, NC Nath, MJ AF Lau, Ngar-Cheung Nath, Mary Jo TI A Model Study of Heat Waves over North America: Meteorological Aspects and Projections for the Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PART I; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE EXTREMES; GREAT-PLAINS; IMPACTS; EVENTS; HEIGHT; TRENDS; FLUCTUATIONS AB The characteristics of summertime heat waves in North America are examined using reanalysis data and simulations by two general circulation models with horizontal resolution of 50 and 200 km. Several "key regions" with spatially coherent and high amplitude fluctuations in daily surface air temperature are identified. The typical synoptic features accompanying warm episodes in these regions are described. The averaged intensity, duration, and frequency of occurrence of the heat waves in various key regions, as simulated in the two models for twentieth-century climate, are in general agreement with the results based on reanalysis data. The impact of climate change on the heat wave characteristics in various key regions is assessed by contrasting model runs based on a scenario for the twenty-first century with those for the twentieth century. Both models indicate considerable increases in the duration and frequency of heat wave episodes, and in number of heat wave days per year, during the twenty-first century. The duration and frequency statistics of the heat waves in the mid-twenty-first century, as generated by the model with 50-km resolution, can be reproduced by adding the projected warming trend to the daily temperature data for the late twentieth century, and then recomputing these statistics. The detailed evolution of the averaged intensity, duration, and frequency of the heat waves through individual decades of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, as simulated and projected by the model with 200-km resolution, indicates that the upward trend in these heat wave measures should become apparent in the early decades of the twenty-first century. C1 [Lau, Ngar-Cheung; Nath, Mary Jo] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lau, NC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.lau@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 14 BP 4761 EP 4784 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00575.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 982FI UT WOS:000307027800001 ER PT J AU Hall, DK Comiso, JC DiGirolamo, NE Shuman, CA Key, JR Koenig, LS AF Hall, Dorothy K. Comiso, Josefino C. DiGirolamo, Nicol E. Shuman, Christopher A. Key, Jeffrey R. Koenig, Lora S. TI A Satellite-Derived Climate-Quality Data Record of the Clear-Sky Surface Temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID POLAR PATHFINDER DATASET; ARCTIC SURFACE; RADIATION PROPERTIES; CLOUD DETECTION; MASS-LOSS; ABLATION ZONE; RECENT TRENDS; PART II; MODIS; MELT AB The authors have developed a climate-quality data record of the clear-sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet using the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice-surface temperature (IST) algorithm. Daily and monthly quality-controlled MODIS ISTs of the Greenland Ice Sheet beginning on 1 March 2000 and continuing through 31 December 2010 are presented at 6.25-km spatial resolution on a polar stereographic grid along with metadata to permit detailed accuracy assessment. The ultimate goal is to develop a climate data record (CDR) that starts in 1981 with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP) dataset and continues with MOD IS data from 2000 to the present, and into the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) era (the first VIIRS instrument was launched in October 2011). Differences in the APP and MODIS cloud masks have thus far precluded merging the APP and MODIS IST records, though this will be revisited after the APP dataset has been reprocessed with an improved cloud mask. IST of Greenland may be used to study temperature and melt trends and may also be used in data assimilation modeling and to calculate ice sheet mass balance. The MODIS IST climate-quality dataset provides a highly consistent and well-characterized record suitable for merging with earlier and future IST data records for climate studies. The complete MODIS IST daily and monthly data record is available online. C1 [Hall, Dorothy K.; Comiso, Josefino C.; Koenig, Lora S.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DiGirolamo, Nicol E.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. [Shuman, Christopher A.] UMBC JCET, Baltimore, MD USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. RP Hall, DK (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dorothy.k.hall@nasa.gov RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NASA FX The authors thank the following people for valuable suggestions during the course of this work: Chuck Fowler (NSIDC), George Riggs (SSAI & NASA/GSFC), and Xuanji Wang (University of Wisconsin/CIMSS). The authors would like to acknowledge Michiel van den Broeke from Utrecht University, The Netherlands, for providing automatic-weather station data for comparison with the MODIS-derived ice-surface temperatures. The NASA Cryospheric Sciences Program provided funding for the parts of this work performed at NASA/GSFC. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official NASA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 14 BP 4785 EP 4798 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00365.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 982FI UT WOS:000307027800002 ER PT J AU Li, Y Lau, NC AF Li, Ying Lau, Ngar-Cheung TI Contributions of Downstream Eddy Development to the Teleconnection between ENSO and the Atmospheric Circulation over the North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC STORM TRACK; HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SHORT-TIME SCALES; EL-NINO; WAVE-PACKETS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE AB The spatiotemporal evolution of various meteorological phenomena associated with El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the North Pacific North American-North Atlantic sector is examined using both NCEP-NCAR reanalyses and output from a 2000-yr integration of a global coupled climate model. Particular attention is devoted to the implications of downstream eddy developments on the relationship between ENSO and the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic. The El Nino-related persistent events are characterized by a strengthened Pacific subtropical jet stream and an equatorward-shifted storm track over the North Pacific. The wave packets that populate the storm tracks travel eastward through downstream development. The barotropic forcing of the embedded synoptic-scale eddies is conducive to the formation of a flow that resembles the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The more frequent and higher persistence of those episodes during El Milo winters contribute to the prevalence of negative NAO conditions. The above processes are further delineated by conducting a case study for the 2009/10 winter season, in which both El Nino and negative NAO conditions prevailed. It is illustrated that the frequent and intense surface cyclone development over North America and the western Atlantic throughout that winter are associated with upper-level troughs propagating across North America, which in turn are linked to downstream evolution of wave packets originating from the Pacific storm track. C1 [Li, Ying] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lau, Ngar-Cheung] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3915 W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM yingli@atmos.colostate.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752] FX We are indebted to Isidoro Orlanski, Rym Msadek, and Dave Thompson for providing comments and suggestions, and to Martin Hoer ling for helpful discussions. This report was prepared by YL under Award NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 14 BP 4993 EP 5010 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00377.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 982FI UT WOS:000307027800014 ER PT J AU Shew, CY Do, C Hong, K Liu, Y Porcar, L Smith, GS Chen, WR AF Shew, Chwen-Yang Do, Changwoo Hong, Kunlun Liu, Yun Porcar, Lionel Smith, Gregory S. Chen, Wei-Ren TI Conformational effect on small angle neutron scattering behavior of interacting polyelectrolyte solutions: A perspective of integral equation theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; IONIC-STRENGTH; SALT; COUNTERIONS; SIMULATIONS; DNA; POLY(STYRENESULFONATE); TRANSITIONS; SUSPENSIONS AB We present small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of deuterium oxide (D2O) solutions of linear and star sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS) as a function of polyelectrolyte concentration. Emphasis is on understanding the dependence of their SANS coherent scattering cross section I(Q) on the molecular architecture of single polyelectrolyte. The key finding is that for a given concentration, star polyelectrolytes exhibit more pronounced characteristic peaks in I(Q), and the position of the first peak occurs at a smaller Q compared to their linear counterparts. Based on a model of integral equation theory, we first compare the SANS experimental I(Q) of salt-free polyelectrolyte solutions with that predicted theoretically. Having seen their satisfactory qualitative agreement, the dependence of counterion association behavior on polyelectrolyte geometry and concentration is further explored. Our predictions reveal that the ionic environment of polyelectrolyte exhibits a strong dependence on polyelectrolyte geometry at lower polyelectrolyte concentration. However, when both linear and star polyelectrolytes exceed their overlap concentrations, the spatial distribution of counterion is found to be essentially insensitive to polyelectrolyte geometry due to the steric effect. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4732516] C1 [Do, Changwoo; Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chenw@ornl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU City University of New York PSC; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the City University of New York PSC grants. This Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The research carried out at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The support of NCNR NIST in providing the neutron research facilities is also acknowledged. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 2 AR 024907 DI 10.1063/1.4732516 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 973LG UT WOS:000306361000043 PM 22803562 ER PT J AU O'Neill, BC Liddle, B Jiang, LW Smith, KR Pachauri, S Dalton, M Fuchs, R AF O'Neill, Brian C. Liddle, Brant Jiang, Leiwen Smith, Kirk R. Pachauri, Shonali Dalton, Michael Fuchs, Regina TI Demographic change and carbon dioxide emissions SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CO2 EMISSIONS; POPULATION-GROWTH; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY USE; COUNTRIES; STIRPAT; URBANIZATION; CALIFORNIA AB Relations between demographic change and emissions of the major greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) have been studied from different perspectives, but most projections of future emissions only partly take demographic influences into account. We review two types of evidence for how CO2 emissions from the use of fossil fuels are affected by demographic factors such as population growth or decline, ageing, urbanisation, and changes in household size. First, empirical analyses of historical trends tend to show that CO2 emissions from energy use respond almost proportionately to changes in population size and that ageing and urbanisation have less than proportional but statistically significant effects. Second, scenario analyses show that alternative population growth paths could have substantial effects on global emissions of CO2 several decades from now, and that ageing and urbanisation can have important effects in particular world regions. These results imply that policies that slow population growth would probably also have climate-related benefits. C1 [O'Neill, Brian C.; Jiang, Leiwen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liddle, Brant] Victoria Univ, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [Smith, Kirk R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pachauri, Shonali; Fuchs, Regina] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Dalton, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP O'Neill, BC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM boneill@ucar.edu RI liddle, brantley/K-9542-2014; O'Neill, Brian/E-6531-2013 OI liddle, brantley/0000-0003-3199-0214; NR 49 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 14 PY 2012 VL 380 IS 9837 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60958-1 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 973KN UT WOS:000306359100043 PM 22784534 ER PT J AU Schmale, O Walter, M von Deimling, JS Sultenfuss, J Walker, S Rehder, G Keir, R AF Schmale, Oliver Walter, Maren von Deimling, Jens Schneider Sueltenfuss, Juergen Walker, Sharon Rehder, Gregor Keir, Robin TI Fluid and gas fluxes from the Logatchev hydrothermal vent area SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Mid-Atlantic Ridge; helium; hydrothermal; hydrothermal fluxes; methane; plumes AB The Logatchev hydrothermal field at 14 degrees 45'N on the MAR is characterized by gas plumes that are enriched in methane and helium compared to the oceanic background. We investigated CH4 concentration and delta C-13 together with delta He-3 in the water column of that region. These data and turbidity measurements indicate that apart from the known vent fields, another vent site exists northeast of the vent field Logatchev 1. The distribution of methane and He-3 concentrations along two sections were used in combination with current measurements from lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers (LADCP) to calculate the horizontal plume fluxes of these gases. According to these examinations 0.02 mu mol s(-1) of He-3 and 0.21 mol s(-1) of methane are transported in a plume that flows into a southward direction in the central part of the valley. Based on He-3 measurements of vent fluid (22 +/- 6 pM), we estimate a total vent flux in this region of about 900 L s(-1) and a total flux of CH4 of 3.2 mol s(-1). C1 [Schmale, Oliver; Rehder, Gregor] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemunde, DE-18119 Rostock, Germany. [Walter, Maren; Sueltenfuss, Juergen] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany. [von Deimling, Jens Schneider; Keir, Robin] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Walker, Sharon] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Schmale, O (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemunde, DE-18119 Rostock, Germany. EM oliver.schmale@io-warnemuende.de RI Schneider von Deimling, Jens/O-3867-2014 OI Schneider von Deimling, Jens/0000-0002-9889-1408 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SPP 1144] FX We thank the captain, officers and crew aboard R/V Meteor M81-2c for their assistance on sea. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Peter Wlost, Julia Kohler, Anna Friedrichs, Haugen Grefe and Gregor Halfmann in carrying out the CTD and LADCP work on the cruise. We are also grateful for the support of Dirk Wodarg, Stine Thomas and Jenny Jeschek in building up a GC-C-IRMS line at the IOW for the determination of methane carbon isotopes. We also thank Katja Schmidt for the determination of the concentration of dissolved magnesium in vent-fluid samples. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and is publication 68 of the priority program SPP 1144, "From Mantle to the Ocean: Energy-, Material- and Life-cycles at Spreading Axes." NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD JUL 14 PY 2012 VL 13 AR Q07007 DI 10.1029/2012GC004158 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA V31JX UT WOS:000208881000001 ER PT J AU Denlinger, RP Pavolonis, M Sieglaff, J AF Denlinger, Roger P. Pavolonis, Mike Sieglaff, Justin TI A robust method to forecast volcanic ash clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ERUPTION AB Ash clouds emanating from volcanic eruption columns often form trails of ash extending thousands of kilometers through the Earth's atmosphere, disrupting air traffic and posing a significant hazard to air travel. To mitigate such hazards, the community charged with reducing flight risk must accurately assess risk of ash ingestion for any flight path and provide robust forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal. In response to this need, a number of different transport models have been developed for this purpose and applied to recent eruptions, providing a means to assess uncertainty in forecasts. Here we provide a framework for optimal forecasts and their uncertainties given any model and any observational data. This involves random sampling of the probability distributions of input (source) parameters to a transport model and iteratively running the model with different inputs, each time assessing the predictions that the model makes about ash dispersal by direct comparison with satellite data. The results of these comparisons are embodied in a likelihood function whose maximum corresponds to the minimum misfit between model output and observations. Bayes theorem is then used to determine a normalized posterior probability distribution and from that a forecast of future uncertainty in ash dispersal. The nature of ash clouds in heterogeneous wind fields creates a strong maximum likelihood estimate in which most of the probability is localized to narrow ranges of model source parameters. This property is used here to accelerate probability assessment, producing a method to rapidly generate a prediction of future ash concentrations and their distribution based upon assimilation of satellite data as well as model and data uncertainties. Applying this method to the recent eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland, we show that the 3 and 6 h forecasts of ash cloud location probability encompassed the location of observed satellite-determined ash cloud loads, providing an efficient means to assess all of the hazards associated with these ash clouds. C1 [Denlinger, Roger P.] US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Pavolonis, Mike] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Sieglaff, Justin] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Denlinger, RP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Cascades Volcano Observ, 1300 SE Cardinal Court Bldg 10,Ste 100, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. EM roger@usgs.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13208 DI 10.1029/2012JD017732 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974UQ UT WOS:000306463300004 ER PT J AU Webley, PW Steensen, T Stuefer, M Grell, G Freitas, S Pavolonis, M AF Webley, P. W. Steensen, T. Stuefer, M. Grell, G. Freitas, S. Pavolonis, M. TI Analyzing the Eyjafjallajokull 2010 eruption using satellite remote sensing, lidar and WRF-Chem dispersion and tracking model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ASH-CLOUD TRANSPORT; VOLCANIC ASH; CRATER PEAK; SOURCE PARAMETERS; MOUNT SPURR; ALASKA; PLUMES; AVHRR; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION AB Volcanic ash forecasting is a critical tool in hazard assessment and operational volcano monitoring. The use of volcanic ash transport and dispersion models allows analysts to determine the future location of ash clouds. In April-May 2010, Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland erupted explosively. Presented here is an evaluation of the volcanic application of the weather research and forecasting in-line chemistry model (WRF-Chem) applied to Eyjafjallajokull. The analysis focuses on the first few days of the explosive events, April 14-19. The model simulations are presented along with multiple satellite and ground based tools to compare and validate the results. The WRF-Chem results showed the ash cloud dispersing toward mainland Europe, with concentrations crossing Europe between 0.5-2.0 mg/m(3), centered at 5 km ASL, +/-1 km. Comparisons with satellite volcanic ash retrievals showed a good agreement and ground-based Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data compared well to the model simulations. The analysis in this manuscript has illustrated the use of WRF-Chem for volcanic eruptions, with the coupled numerical weather simulation and ash forecasting important to understand the local atmospheric conditions as well as the ash cloud distribution. We show that to fully forecast ash concentrations, to the level of mg's per m(3), there is a need for accurate knowledge of the plume height; mass eruption rate; particle size distribution and duration along with a fusion of all data. Then accurate hazard assessments can be performed to limit the impact that dispersing clouds have on the aviation community and population. C1 [Webley, P. W.; Steensen, T.; Stuefer, M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webley, P. W.; Steensen, T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Volcano Observ, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Grell, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Freitas, S.] INPE, Ctr Weather Predict & Climate Studies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pavolonis, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Webley, PW (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pwebley@gi.alaska.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA); Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska FX We thank the University of Wisconsin for archived SEVIRI data, Barbara Stunder at Air Resource Laboratories, NOAA, for the HYSPLIT model data and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) grant. Additionally, we thank the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center, UAF, for their assistance in providing computing time for the WRF-Chem model simulations. This publication is the results in part of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers of the manuscript, who provided useful and detailed comments on the analysis performed and allowed us to construct an improved manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00U26 DI 10.1029/2011JD016817 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974UQ UT WOS:000306463300001 ER PT J AU Gruber, N Hauri, C Lachkar, Z Loher, D Frolicher, TL Plattner, GK AF Gruber, Nicolas Hauri, Claudine Lachkar, Zouhair Loher, Damian Froelicher, Thomas L. Plattner, Gian-Kasper TI Rapid Progression of Ocean Acidification in the California Current System SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ECOSYSTEM; CALCIFICATION; ORGANISMS; SEAWATER; MODEL; WORLD AB Nearshore waters of the California Current System (California CS) already have a low carbonate saturation state, making them particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. We used eddy-resolving model simulations to study the potential development of ocean acidification in this system up to the year 2050 under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B1 scenarios. In both scenarios, the saturation state of aragonite Omega(arag) is projected to drop rapidly, with much of the nearshore region developing summer-long undersaturation in the top 60 meters within the next 30 years. By 2050, waters with Omega(arag) above 1.5 will have largely disappeared, and more than half of the waters will be undersaturated year-round. Habitats along the sea floor will become exposed to year-round undersaturation within the next 20 to 30 years. These projected events have potentially major implications for the rich and diverse ecosystem that characterizes the California CS. C1 [Gruber, Nicolas; Hauri, Claudine; Lachkar, Zouhair; Loher, Damian] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Plattner, Gian-Kasper] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. RP Gruber, N (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. EM nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/A-5245-2016 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/0000-0002-3765-0045 FU ETH Zurich; European Project on Ocean Acidification; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [211384]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative project at Princeton Univ.; BP; Ford Motor Company FX This work was supported by ETH Zurich and the European Project on Ocean Acidification, which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 211384. T. L. F. was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative project at Princeton Univ., sponsored by BP and Ford Motor Company. We thank J. C. McWilliams and his group at the Univ. of California Los Angeles for the long-term collaboration on the development of ROMS. NR 39 TC 119 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 142 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 13 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6091 BP 220 EP 223 DI 10.1126/science.1216773 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 973AN UT WOS:000306323500055 PM 22700658 ER PT J AU Beeler, MC Reed, MEW Hong, T Rolston, SL AF Beeler, M. C. Reed, M. E. W. Hong, T. Rolston, S. L. TI Disorder-driven loss of phase coherence in a quasi-2D cold atom system SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; MATTER-WAVES; INSULATOR; INTERFERENCE; TRANSITIONS; LIMIT AB We study the order parameter of a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) gas of ultracold atoms trapped in an optical potential in the presence of controllable disorder. Our results show that disorder drives phase fluctuations without significantly affecting the amplitude of the quasi-condensate order parameter. This is evidence that disorder can drive phase fluctuations in 2D systems, relevant to the phase-fluctuation mechanism for the superconductor-to-insulator phase transition (SIT) in disordered 2D superconductors. C1 [Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rolston, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rolston@mail.umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU JQI; ARO; NSF; PFC at JQI; NIST-ARRA FX We acknowledge E Edwards for help with the initial implementation of the experiment. The program was funded with support from the JQI, ARO, NSF and PFC at JQI. MCB acknowledges support from NIST-ARRA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 073024 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/073024 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 982UP UT WOS:000307071200001 ER PT J AU Shen, BW Tao, WK Lin, YL Laing, A AF Shen, Bo-Wen Tao, Wei-Kuo Lin, Yuh-Lang Laing, Arlene TI Genesis of twin tropical cyclones as revealed by a global mesoscale model: The role of mixed Rossby gravity waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ENERGY ACCUMULATION; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODEL; NWP SYSTEM; DIANA 1984; PART II AB In this study, it is proposed that twin tropical cyclones (TCs), Kesiny and 01A, in May 2002 formed in association with the scale interactions of three gyres that appeared as a convectively coupled mixed Rossby gravity (ccMRG) wave during an active phase of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). This is shown by analyzing observational data, including NCEP reanalysis data and METEOSAT 7 IR satellite imagery, and performing numerical simulations using a global mesoscale model. A 10-day control run is initialized at 0000 UTC 1 May 2002 with grid-scale condensation but no sub-grid cumulus parameterizations. The ccMRG wave was identified as encompassing two developing and one non-developing gyres, the first two of which intensified and evolved into the twin TCs. The control run is able to reproduce the evolution of the ccMRG wave and thus the formation of the twin TCs about two and five days in advance as well as their subsequent intensity evolution and movement within an 8-10 day period. Five additional 10-day sensitivity experiments with different model configurations are conducted to help understand the interaction of the three gyres, leading to the formation of the TCs. These experiments suggest the improved lead time in the control run may be attributed to the realistic simulation of the ccMRG wave with the following processes: (1) wave deepening (intensification) associated with a reduction in wavelength and/or the intensification of individual gyres, (2) poleward movement of gyres that may be associated with boundary layer processes, (3) realistic simulation of moist processes at regional scales in association with each of the gyres, and (4) the vertical phasing of low- and mid-level cyclonic circulations associated with a specific gyre. C1 [Shen, Bo-Wen; Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Shen, Bo-Wen] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC USA. [Laing, Arlene] UCAR COMET, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shen, BW (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bo-wen.shen-1@nasa.gov FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO); Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program; Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program FX We would like to thank C. Schreck and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions, which have substantially improved the manuscript, and R. Anthes for his comments and encouragement. We are grateful for the support from the following organizations: the NASA Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO), the Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) Program, and the Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) Program. We would also like to thank Stephen Lang for proofreading this manuscript and K.-S. Kuo for preparing Figure 2. Acknowledgment is also made of the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program and of the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) division and NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) for the computer time used in this research. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13114 DI 10.1029/2012JD017450 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974UO UT WOS:000306463100002 ER PT J AU Bingaman, JL Kohnhorst, CL Van Meter, GA McElroy, BA Rakowski, EA Caplins, BW Gutowski, TA Stromberg, CJ Webster, CE Heilweil, EJ AF Bingaman, Jamie L. Kohnhorst, Casey L. Van Meter, Glenn A. McElroy, Brent A. Rakowski, Elizabeth A. Caplins, Benjamin W. Gutowski, Tiffany A. Stromberg, Christopher J. Webster, Charles Edwin Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Model Compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE-SITE MODELS; IRON-ONLY HYDROGENASES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON REDUCTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; CLUSTER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ENZYME; ENERGY AB Model compounds have been found to structurally mimic the catalytic hydrogen-producing active site of Fe-Fe hydrogenases and are being explored as functional models. The time-dependent behavior of Fe-2(mu-S2C3H6)(CO)(6) and Fe-2(mu-S2C2H4)(CO)(6) is reviewed and new ultrafast UV- and visible-excitation/IR-probe measurements of the carbonyl stretching region are presented. Ground-state and excited-state electronic and vibrational properties of Fe-2(mu-S2C3H6)(CO)(6) were studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For Fe-2(mu-S2C3H6)(CO)(6) excited with 266 nm, long-lived signals (tau = 3.7 +/- 0.26 mu s) are assigned to loss of a CO ligand. For 355 and 532 nm excitation, short-lived (tau = 150 +/- 17 ps) bands are observed in addition to CO-loss product. Short-lived transient absorption intensities are smaller for 355 nm and much larger for 532 nm excitation and are assigned to a short-lived photoproduct resulting from excited electronic state structural reorganization of the Fe-Fe bond. Because these molecules are tethered by bridging disulfur ligands, this extended di-iron bond relaxes during the excited state decay. Interestingly, and perhaps fortuitously, the time-dependent DFT-optimized exited-state geometry of Fe-2(mu-S2C3H6)(CO)(6) with a semibridging CO is reminiscent of the geometry of the Fe2S2 subcluster of the active site observed in Fe-Fe hydrogenase X-ray crystal structures. We suggest these wavelength-dependent excitation dynamics could significantly alter potential mechanisms for light-driven catalysis. C1 [Bingaman, Jamie L.; Kohnhorst, Casey L.; Van Meter, Glenn A.; McElroy, Brent A.; Rakowski, Elizabeth A.; Caplins, Benjamin W.; Gutowski, Tiffany A.; Stromberg, Christopher J.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Webster, Charles Edwin] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Stromberg, CJ (reprint author), Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, 401 Rosemont Ave, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM stromberg@hood.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov OI Webster, Charles Edwin/0000-0002-6917-2957 NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 27 BP 7261 EP 7271 DI 10.1021/jp2121774 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 972GA UT WOS:000306264100001 PM 22612846 ER PT J AU Ziemkiewich, MP Zutz, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Ziemkiewich, Michael. P. Zutz, Amelia Nesbitt, David. J. TI Inelastic Scattering of Radicals at the Gas-Ionic Liquid Interface: Probing Surface Dynamics of BMIM-Cl, BMIM-BF4, and BMIM-Tf2N by Rovibronic Scattering of NO [(2)Pi(1/2)(0.5)] SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; STATE-RESOLVED SCATTERING; NITRIC-OXIDE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; OXYGEN-ATOMS; TEMPERATURE; COLLISIONS; WATER; EXCITATION AB Quantum state resolved inelastic collision dynamics at the gas-room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) interface have been explored by scattering of an NO projectile beam, with laser induced fluorescence (LIE) detection yielding detailed distributions in vibrational, rotational, and spin-orbit degrees of freedom. Collision energies are varied by seeding 1% NO in either first run Ne (70% Ne/30% He, 2.7(9) kcal/mol) or pure H-2 (20(6) kcal/mol), with the incident NO beam skimmed and colliding at 45 degrees with respect to the surface normal. At E = 2.7(9) kcal/mol, NO scattering in the (2)Pi(1/2) state is well characterized by a rotational Boltzmann distribution equilibrated with the surface temperature, characteristic of trapping desorption (TD) collision dynamics. At higher collision energy (E = 20(6) kcal/mol), however, significant rotational excitation is observed, suggesting impulsive scattering (IS) dynamics where desorption occurs before the species has achieved full thermal equilibration with the surface. NO scattering at this higher energy from a series of RTILs for a fixed organic cation (BMIM) but different sized counterions (Cl-, BF4-, Tf2N-) reveals a systematic increase in final rotational energy with increasing size, clearly suggesting collisional access to the anion species at the interface for short alkyl chain,RTIL.s. Particularly noteworthy is the significant nonadiabatic excitation of the NO ((2)Pi(1/2) (2)Pi(3/2)) spin-orbit states, the electronic temperature of which depends systematically both on the surface temperature as well as the anion identity of the RTIL. In analogy to NO + rare gas and NO + Ag(111) scattering studies, this implies a strong RTIL temperature and anion dependent increase in the A' - A '' difference potential energy surface experienced over the course of a typical NO + liquid interface collision trajectory. C1 [Ziemkiewich, Michael. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ziemkiewich, MP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1012685] FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional support for apparatus development from the National Science Foundation (CHE-1012685). We also would like to acknowledge support and many stimulating discussions with members of the NSF Center for Energetic Non-Equilibrium Chemistry at Interfaces (CENECI). NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 27 BP 14284 EP 14294 DI 10.1021/jp212336a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 972TQ UT WOS:000306303800014 ER PT J AU Daley, AJ Pichler, H Schachenmayer, J Zoller, P AF Daley, A. J. Pichler, H. Schachenmayer, J. Zoller, P. TI Measuring Entanglement Growth in Quench Dynamics of Bosons in an Optical Lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC MOTT INSULATOR; QUANTUM SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMS; ENTROPY; STATES; CHAOS; GAS AB We discuss a scheme to measure the many-body entanglement growth during quench dynamics with bosonic atoms in optical lattices. By making use of a 1D or 2D setup in which two copies of the same state are prepared, we show how arbitrary order Renyi entropies can be extracted by using tunnel coupling between the copies and measurement of the parity of on-site occupation numbers, as has been performed in recent experiments. We illustrate these ideas for a superfluid-Mott insulator quench in the Bose-Hubbard model, and also for hard-core bosons, and show that the scheme is robust against imperfections in the measurements. C1 [Daley, A. J.; Pichler, H.; Schachenmayer, J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Pichler, H.; Schachenmayer, J.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Pichler, H.; Schachenmayer, J.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Zoller, P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zoller, P.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zoller, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Daley, AJ (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Daley, Andrew/F-5366-2014; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Pichler, Hannes/M-5150-2015; OI Daley, Andrew/0000-0001-9005-7761; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Pichler, Hannes/0000-0003-2144-536X; SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768 FU Austrian Science Fund [SFB F40 FOQUS]; U.S. Army Research Office; DARPA OLE program FX We thank I. Bloch, M. Greiner, M. Lukin, A. Lauchli, F. Mintert, E. Rico Ortega, T. Pichler, and M. Tiersch, for helpful and motivating discussions. In the final stages of this work we have become aware of Ref. [28] on measuring entanglement entropies of Hamiltonian ground states using a single spin as a quantum switch connecting n copies of quantum systems. We thank D. Abanin and E. Demler for discussions comparing our approaches. P. Z. and H. P. thank the Harvard Physics Department, ITAMP, and the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, and H. P. thanks the University of Pittsburgh for hospitality. This work was supported in part by the Austrian Science Fund through SFB F40 FOQUS and by a grant from the U.S. Army Research Office with funding from the DARPA OLE program. Computational resources provided by the Center for Simulation and Modeling at the University of Pittsburgh. NR 52 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 2 AR 020505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.020505 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 973BN UT WOS:000306326600003 PM 23030143 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Putzbach, K Sharpless, KE Sander, LC Yen, JH AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Putzbach, Karsten Sharpless, Katherine E. Sander, Lane C. Yen, James H. TI Preparation and Certification of Standard Reference Material 3278 Tocopherols in Edible Oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Standard Reference Material; tocopherols; edible oils; quality assurance ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E ISOMERS; VEGETABLE-OILS; STATIONARY PHASES; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SEPARATION; HPLC; TOCOTRIENOLS; SELECTIVITY; COLUMNS AB Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3278 Tocopherols in Edible Oils has been issued for use as a quality assurance tool in the measurement of tocopherols. Like other natural-matrix SRMs, this material can be used in method validation or in assignment of tocopherol values to in-house quality control materials. Because most edible oils contain one predominant tocopherol isoform, the SRM is a blend of sunflower, soy, canola, and safflower oils to provide roughly comparable chromatographic peak heights of the two main tocopherols, gamma and alpha, with smaller amounts of delta and beta. The four tocopherol isoforms were determined by three independent liquid chromatography methods with absorbance and fluorescence detection. Various chromatographic and detection modes are used for assignment of certified values because biases inherent to one method should not be present in the other, and the existence of bias can therefore be identified. C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Putzbach, Karsten; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Sander, Lane C.; Yen, James H.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rimmer, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL 11 PY 2012 VL 60 IS 27 SI SI BP 6794 EP 6798 DI 10.1021/jf2051619 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 972RO UT WOS:000306297800017 PM 22686411 ER PT J AU Zangmeister, CD Ma, XF Zachariah, MR AF Zangmeister, Christopher D. Ma, Xiaofei Zachariah, Michael R. TI Restructuring of Graphene Oxide Sheets into Monodisperse Nanospheres SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE graphene; graphene oxide; aerosol; super assembly ID GRAPHITE OXIDE; TRANSPARENT; NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRODES; ANISOTROPY; KINETICS; FILMS AB We demonstrate a method to restructure graphene oxide sheets into monodisperse solid 17 nm nanospheres by tuning the solution ionic strength. This method enables the preparation of both two-dimensional self-assemblies comprising three-dimensional GO nanospheres and three-dimensional super assemblies of GO clusters via dispersal into an aerosol. The GO super assemblies are more thermally stable than single crumpled sheets. Finally, we demonstrate that GO nanospheres and their assemblies can be thermally processed to form reduced GO with high aromatic character while still maintaining their spherical conformation. C1 [Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.zangmeister@nist.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 13 BP 2554 EP 2557 DI 10.1021/cm301112j PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 971JR UT WOS:000306200700017 ER PT J AU Deeter, MN Worden, HM Edwards, DP Gille, JC Andrews, AE AF Deeter, M. N. Worden, H. M. Edwards, D. P. Gille, J. C. Andrews, A. E. TI Evaluation of MOPITT retrievals of lower-tropospheric carbon monoxide over the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The new Version 5 MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) product for carbon monoxide (CO) is the first satellite product to exploit simultaneous near-infrared and thermal-infrared observations to enhance retrieval sensitivity in the lower troposphere. This feature is important to air quality analyses and studies of CO sources. However, because of the influence of both thermal contrast and geophysical noise, the retrieval characteristics for this new multispectral product are highly variable. New V5 products for surface-level CO concentrations have been evaluated over the contiguous United States using both in situ vertical profiles and NOAA ground-based "Tall Tower" measurements. Validation results based on the in situ profiles indicate that retrieval biases are on the order of a few percent. However, direct comparisons with the Tall Tower measurements demonstrate that smoothing error, which depends on both the retrieval averaging kernels and CO variability in the lower troposphere, exhibits significant geographical and seasonal variability. C1 [Deeter, M. N.; Worden, H. M.; Edwards, D. P.; Gille, J. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Deeter, MN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mnd@ucar.edu RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program; National Science Foundation FX The NOAA/ESRL Tall Tower project relies heavily on partnerships with universities and other agencies. Individuals who have made especially significant contributions to the data set used here include Dan Baumann of the US Forest Service (LEF), Matthew Parker of DOE/SRNL (SCT), Marc Fischer of DOE/LBNL (WGC), Charles Stanier of the University of Iowa (WBI), John T. Lee of the University of Maine (AMT), Stephan de Wekker of the University of Virginia (SNP), and Joaquin Sanabria while at the Blackland Research and Extension Center (WKT). The NCAR MOPITT project is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13306 DI 10.1029/2012JD017553 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 974UN UT WOS:000306463000001 ER PT J AU Kearney, KA Stock, C Aydin, K Sarmiento, JL AF Kearney, Kelly A. Stock, Charles Aydin, Kerim Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Coupling planktonic ecosystem and fisheries food web models for a pelagic ecosystem: Description and validation for the subarctic Pacific SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem model; North Pacific Ocean; NEMURO; Ecopath with Ecosim; End-to-end model; food web ID MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NORTH PACIFIC; SALMON PRODUCTION; DYNAMICS MODEL; NEMURO MODEL; MIXED-LAYER; NE PACIFIC; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY AB We provide a modeling framework that fully couples a one-dimensional physical mixed layer model, a biogeochemical model, and an upper trophic level fisheries model. For validation purposes, the model has been parameterized for the pelagic Eastern Pacific Subarctic Gyre ecosystem. This paper presents a thorough description of the model itself, as well as an ensemble-based parameterization process that allows the model to incorporate the high level of uncertainty associated with many upper trophic level predator-prey processes. Through a series of model architecture experiments, we demonstrate that the use of a consistent functional response for all predator-prey interactions, as well as the use of density-dependent mortality rates for planktonic functional groups, are important factors in reproducing annual and seasonal observations. We present the results of a 50-year climatological simulation, which demonstrates that under contemporary physical forcing, the model is capable of reproducing long-term seasonal dynamics in primary production and biogeochemical cycling, while maintaining steady-state coexistence of upper trophic level functional groups at levels consistent with observations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kearney, Kelly A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aydin, Kerim] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kearney, KA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kkearney@princeton.edu; Charles.Stock@noaa.gov; Kerim.Aydin@noaa.gov; jls@princeton.edu RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; OI Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NOAA's Nancy Foster Scholarship; BP; Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752]; Nippon Foundation Nereus Project; National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) FX Primary funding for Kelly Kearney provided through NOAA's Nancy Foster Scholarship. This work was supported in part by BP and Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University. This report was prepared by Kelly Kearney under award NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. This work is partially supported through the Nippon Foundation Nereus Project. State estimates derived from the GECCO model were provided by the ECCO Consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean funded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). We thank Eileen Kearney for creating the artwork used in the food web diagram. Finally, we thank two anonymous referees for their helpful comments in preparing the final version of this manuscript. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 10 PY 2012 VL 237 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.04.006 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 966UN UT WOS:000305863000005 ER PT J AU Seo, SM Kim, KW Ryu, J Lee, HW Lee, KJ AF Seo, Soo-Man Kim, Kyoung-Whan Ryu, Jisu Lee, Hyun-Woo Lee, Kyung-Jin TI Current-induced motion of a transverse magnetic domain wall in the presence of spin Hall effect SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRES AB We theoretically study current-induced dynamics of a transverse magnetic domain wall in bi-layer nanowires consisting of a ferromagnetic layer on top of a nonmagnetic layer with strong spin-orbit coupling. Domain wall dynamics is characterized by two threshold current densities, J(th)(WB) and J(th)(REV), where J(th)(WB) is a threshold for the chirality switching of the domain wall and J(th)(REV) is another threshold for the reversed domain wall motion caused by spin Hall effect. Domain walls with a certain chirality may move opposite to the electron-flow direction with high speed in the current range J(th)(REV) < J < J(th)(WB) for the system designed to satisfy the conditions J(th)(WB) > J(th)(REV) and alpha > beta, where alpha is the Gilbert damping constant and beta is the nonadiabaticity of spin torque. Micromagnetic simulations confirm the validity of analytical results. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4733674] C1 [Seo, Soo-Man; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, PCTP, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Seo, SM (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM hwl@postech.ac.kr; kj_lee@korea.ac.kr RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/E-5582-2015 OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093; Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088 FU NRF [2010-0014109, 2010-0023798, 2011-0009278, 2011-0028163, 2011-0030790]; MKE/KEIT [2009-F-004-01]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX This work was supported by the NRF (2010-0014109, 2010-0023798, 2011-0009278, 2011-0028163, 2011-0030790) and the MKE/KEIT (2009-F-004-01). K.J.L. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 50 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 AR 022405 DI 10.1063/1.4733674 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 973LC UT WOS:000306360600043 ER PT J AU Vissers, MR Weides, MP Kline, JS Sandberg, M Pappas, DP AF Vissers, Michael R. Weides, Martin P. Kline, Jeffrey S. Sandberg, Martin Pappas, David P. TI Identifying capacitive and inductive loss in lumped element superconducting hybrid titanium nitride/aluminum resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC INDUCTANCE DETECTORS AB We present a method to systematically locate and extract capacitive and inductive losses in superconducting resonators at microwave frequencies by use of mixed-material, lumped element devices. In these devices, ultra-low loss titanium nitride was progressively replaced with aluminum in the inter-digitated capacitor and meandered inductor elements. By measuring the power dependent loss at 50 mK as the Al/TiN fraction in each element is increased, we find that at low electric field, i.e., in the single photon limit, the loss is two level system in nature and is correlated with the amount of Al capacitance rather than the Al inductance. In the high electric field limit, the remaining loss is linearly related to the product of the Al area times its inductance and is likely due to quasiparticles generated by stray IR radiation. At elevated temperature, additional loss is correlated with the amount of Al in the inductance, with a power independent TiN-Al interface loss term that exponentially decreases as the temperature is reduced. The TiN-Al interface loss is vanishingly small at the 50 mK base temperature. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4730389] C1 [Vissers, Michael R.; Weides, Martin P.; Kline, Jeffrey S.; Sandberg, Martin; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vissers, MR (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.vissers@NIST.gov; david.pappas@NIST.gov RI Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009 OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795 FU NIST Quantum Information initiative; DARPA FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of F. Farhoodi and valuable discussions with J. Gao, R. Simmonds, J. Aumentado, and J. Whittaker. This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information initiative and in part by DARPA. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 AR 022601 DI 10.1063/1.4730389 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 973LC UT WOS:000306360600056 ER PT J AU Yan, RS Zhang, Q Li, W Calizo, I Shen, T Richter, CA Walker, ARH Liang, XL Seabaugh, A Jena, D Xing, HG Gundlach, DJ Nguyen, NV AF Yan, Rusen Zhang, Qin Li, Wei Calizo, Irene Shen, Tian Richter, Curt A. Walker, Angela R. Hight Liang, Xuelei Seabaugh, Alan Jena, Debdeep Xing, Huili Grace Gundlach, David J. Nguyen, N. V. TI Determination of graphene work function and graphene-insulator-semiconductor band alignment by internal photoemission spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE-AREA; FILMS; TRANSITIONS; TRANSISTOR; DEPENDENCE; GAS AB We determined the band alignment of a graphene-insulator-semiconductor structure using internal photoemission spectroscopy. From the flatband voltage and Dirac voltage, we infer a 4: 6 x 10(11) cm(-2) negative extrinsic charge present on the graphene surface. Also, we extract the graphene work function to be 4.56 eV, in excellent agreement with theoretical and experimental values in literature. Electron and hole injection from heavily doped p-type silicon (Si) are both observed. The barrier height from the top of the valence band of Si to the bottom of the conduction band of silicon dioxide (SiO2) is found to be 4.3 eV. The small optical absorption in graphene makes it a good transparent contact to enable the direct observation of hole injection from Si to graphene. The barrier height for holes escaping from the bottom of Si conduction band to the top of SiO2 valence band is found to be 4.6 eV. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4734955] C1 [Yan, Rusen; Zhang, Qin; Li, Wei; Calizo, Irene; Shen, Tian; Richter, Curt A.; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Gundlach, David J.; Nguyen, N. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yan, Rusen; Zhang, Qin; Seabaugh, Alan; Jena, Debdeep; Xing, Huili Grace] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nano Devices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Shen, Tian] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Yan, RS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan1@nd.edu; nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Seabaugh, Alan/I-4473-2012; Yan, Rusen/C-2209-2014; Yan, Rusen/A-1618-2014; Yan, Rusen/P-6908-2014; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Seabaugh, Alan/0000-0001-6907-4129; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU NIST Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division; Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Mid-west Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NIST Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division and the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative through the Mid-west Institute for Nanoelectronics Discovery (MIND). NR 29 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 81 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 2 AR 022105 DI 10.1063/1.4734955 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 973LC UT WOS:000306360600038 ER PT J AU Long, DA Robichaud, DJ Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Robichaud, D. J. Hodges, J. T. TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of line mixing and collision-induced absorption in the O-2 A-band SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC SPECTRA; HIGH-PRECISION; OXYGEN; DATABASE; TRANSITIONS; PARAMETERS; GAS; CO2 AB Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements were performed in the P-branch of the O-2 A-band [b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <- X (3)Sigma(-)(g)(0,0)] near atmospheric pressure. Line mixing parameters and collision-induced absorption were quantified and reported. These measurements show qualitative differences with those taken at relatively high pressure (2 MPa-20 MPa). We also assess the implications of these measurements on atmospheric retrievals. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4731290] C1 [Long, D. A.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Robichaud, D. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission FX Support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission. We thank K. Bielska and D. Lisak for preparing the spectrum fitting program with line mixing. We also acknowledge J.-M. Hartmann and H. Tran for providing us with the FORTRAN code for calculating line mixing parameters and the self-broadened line mixing coefficients, respectively. Finally, we thank F. R. Spiering for sending us his CIA data (as shown in Fig. 5). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 7 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 1 AR 014307 DI 10.1063/1.4731290 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 970OV UT WOS:000306142600020 PM 22779648 ER PT J AU Chamberlin, RA Grossman, EN AF Chamberlin, R. A. Grossman, E. N. TI The wintertime South Pole tropospheric water vapor column: Comparisons of radiosonde and recent terahertz radiometry, use of the saturated column as a proxy measurement, and inference of decadal trends SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY OPACITY; ANTARCTICA; HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; TELESCOPE; STABILITY; CLIMATE; CLOUDS; ICE AB We use a fifty-year record of wintertime radiosonde observations at the South Pole to estimate the precipitable water vapor column (PWV) over the entire period. Humidity data from older radiosondes is of limited reliability; however, we think an estimation of PWV is possible using temperature data because the wintertime lower troposphere is very close to saturated. From temperature data we derived PWVSAT which is the PWV if the troposphere was saturated over the entire column. Comparisons to recent radiosonde humidity data indicate that PWV similar or equal to 0.88PWV(SAT). Since 1998 a CMU/NRAO 860 GHz atmospheric radiometer has been operating at the South Pole producing zenith opacity data, tau(o). It is expected that tau(o) proportional to PWV, and also tau(o) proportional to PWVSAT, since the lower atmospheric column is near to saturation. We compare trends in tau(o), PWVSAT, and PWV. PWV and PWVSAT showed little trend in the last fifty years, 1961 to 2010, except perhaps in the last two decades, when PWVSAT was below average, followed by an increasing trend to above average. This increasing trend in the last decade was also observed in tau(o), except for the final two years when it appears that something changed in the instrument response. PWVSAT is a useful metric for estimating PWV in the earlier years of wintertime South Pole radiosonde, and it is generally useful for evaluating the wintertime performance of radiosonde humidity and atmospheric opacity instrumentation. C1 [Chamberlin, R. A.; Grossman, E. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chamberlin, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chamberlin, R. A.] CALTECH, Caltech Submillimeter Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Chamberlin, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richc@boulder.nist.gov FU NSF [AST-0838261]; CU/NIST PREP program FX We thank Simon Radford for providing the NRAO/CMU 860 GHz zenith opacity data used in this study. We thank Steve Padin for useful discussions and for commenting on an early version of this manuscript. R. A. C. acknowledges partial support under NSF grant AST-0838261 to the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and partial support under the CU/NIST PREP program. Any reference to a specific product or service does not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards of Technology; other vendors may supply comparable or superior products or services. NIST is a U.S. government organization; therefore, this work is not subject to copyright. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 7 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13111 DI 10.1029/2012JD017792 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971WZ UT WOS:000306237900003 ER PT J AU Delworth, TL Zeng, FR AF Delworth, Thomas L. Zeng, Fanrong TI Multicentennial variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its climatic influence in a 4000 year simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 climate model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ICE-AGE; SCALES AB We investigate decadal to multicentennial variability of Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature in a 4000-year control simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 climate model. Spectral analysis shows the presence of a distinct multicentennial timescale of temperature variability. The associated spatial pattern is broad, covering the entire Northern Hemisphere extratropics, but with enhanced amplitude in the Atlantic and Arctic sectors. This variability appears to be driven by interhemispheric fluctuations in oceanic heat transport associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The AMOC variability is associated with century-scale propagation of salinity anomalies from the Southern Ocean to the subpolar North Atlantic, with out of phase transport variations between the upper ocean and deeper layers of the Atlantic. When positive (negative) upper ocean salinity anomalies reach the subpolar North Atlantic they strengthen (weaken) the AMOC by modulating upper ocean density and vertical stratification. The large-scale warming also appears to be enhanced by reductions in surface albedo associated with reduced sea-ice and low-level cloudiness, thereby increasing the absorption of shortwave radiation and amplifying the warming from AMOC changes. We speculate that such multicentennial variations in the AMOC could contribute to long-time scale climate fluctuations in the observed paleo record. This could arise purely as internal variability of the climate system, or through radiatively-induced changes to atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the NAO, that would in turn influence the AMOC. Citation: Delworth, T. L., and F. Zeng (2012), Multicentennial variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its climatic influence in a 4000 year simulation of the GFDL CM2.1 climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L13702, doi:10.1029/2012GL052107. C1 [Delworth, Thomas L.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Delworth, TL (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM tom.delworth@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L13702 DI 10.1029/2012GL052107 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 971WJ UT WOS:000306235700002 ER PT J AU McClatchie, S AF McClatchie, Sam TI Sardine biomass is poorly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation off California SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFTS; ANCHOVY POPULATIONS; RED NOISE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; STOCK; SAGAX; ABUNDANCE; FISH AB Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax) fluctuate widely in abundance over interannual to multidecadal time scales. For Pacific sardines, there have been repeated attempts to link fluctuations in biomass to indices of climatic variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Correlations between the PDO with periods of 40-76 years, and sardine biomass with periods of 40-70 years, have been inferred using 90-year time series (e. g. 1920-2010). The inferred correlations cannot be tested because the long-period fluctuations are outside the observation window that can be analysed statistically, i.e. the period (40-76 years) is greater than half the length of the series (45 years). To date, there has been no attempt to test the relationship between low-frequency fluctuations of sardine biomass and the PDO using longer paleoclimatic time series proxies for sardine biomass and the PDO. Here we use a 370-year record of paleoclimatic proxies to show that fluctuations in sardine biomass off California are not related to the PDO, despite the appearance of correlation in the 90-year record from 1920 to the present day. Citation: McClatchie, S. (2012), Sardine biomass is poorly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation off California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L13703, doi:10.1029/2012GL052140. C1 NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP McClatchie, S (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. FU NOAA Fisheries Service Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program FX I thank Paul Fiedler, Nick Bond, Steven Bograd, Ed Weber, Nancy Lo, and Cisco Werner for helpful comments on the manuscript. S. M. was funded by the NOAA Fisheries Service Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L13703 DI 10.1029/2012GL052140 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 971WJ UT WOS:000306235700004 ER PT J AU Young, AH Bates, JJ Curry, JA AF Young, Alisa H. Bates, John J. Curry, Judith A. TI Complementary use of passive and active remote sensing for detection of penetrating convection from CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aqua MODIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE TRANSPORT; STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION; TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ISCCP; CUMULONIMBUS; ANVILS; TOPS; AIR AB The study examines penetrating deep convection (PDC), that reach similar to 14 km (PDC14) and similar to 17 km (PDC17), using 1 year of colocated CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aqua-MODIS observations. The combination of multisensory and multispectral observations is used to examine how well PDC14(17) are captured using cold cloud features (CCFs), defined as groupings of 1 km MODIS pixels with similar to 11 mu m brightness temperature (BT) less than or equal to 210 K and 235 K and positive brightness temperature differences (+BTD) between similar to 6.7 mu m (BT6.7) and similar to 11 mu m (BT11). Cross-comparison of PDC14 with CCFs <= 210 K and +BTD signatures according to date, time, and geolocation show that within the tropics 61% (55%) of CCFs <= 210 K (+BTD) occur as PDC14. In the case of CCFs <= 210 K, similar to 27% of the PDC14 distribution also occur as cold altostratus/anvil clouds. Results show that 50-59% of PDC14 are large enough to be detected from IR observations with a horizontal resolution of 5 km. Although observations are sampled along CloudSat's narrow swath where CloudSat/CALIPSO and Aqua MODIS observations are colocated, the study provides statistical evidence supporting the use of IR observations to study the long-term temporal and spatial variability of high reaching deep convective cloud activity. C1 [Young, Alisa H.; Bates, John J.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Curry, Judith A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Young, AH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM alisa.young@noaa.gov RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 FU NOAA EPP FX The NOAA EPP Graduate Sciences Program supported this work. The first author (A. Young) would especially like to thank Zhengzhao (Johnny) Luo for insightful discussions that influenced the paper and the anonymous reviewer whose comments significantly enhanced the paper. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13205 DI 10.1029/2011JD016749 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971WX UT WOS:000306237700001 ER PT J AU Lavelle, JW AF Lavelle, J. W. TI On the dynamics of current jets trapped to the flanks of mid-ocean ridges SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; STRATIFIED TIDAL RECTIFICATION; PRIMITIVE-EQUATION MODEL; INDUCED RESIDUAL CURRENT; FIEBERLING-GUYOT; MEAN CURRENTS; TOPOGRAPHIC RECTIFICATION; HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; GEORGES BANK; OCEAN MODELS AB Time-mean abyssal current observations over the flanks of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9-10 degrees N and at the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 45 degrees N document the occurrence of paired along-ridge current jets that are trapped to the ridge flanks and sheared across the ridge in an anticyclonic sense. A coincident feature, where local hydrothermal discharge effects are not in play, is the upward bowing of isopycnals over ridge crests and isopycnals plunging into ridge flanks. It would be tempting to explain the jets primarily as geostrophic responses to the doming/plunging isopycnal distribution, though that should lead to the question as to how the isopycnal perturbations originate. A numerical model of time-dependent flow on a cross-ridge (x-z) transect, forced in a way to be consistent with a yearlong, hourly sampled record of currents measured at the EPR ridge crest, is used to investigate some of the underlying physics. It will be shown that the jets can arise from oscillatory flows via eddy-momentum, eddy-heat, and eddy-salt fluxes that ultimately cause the isopycnals to dome over the ridge. As the probable offspring of velocity-velocity and velocity-density correlations that depend upon oscillatory motion, the jets are likely examples of stratified topographic flow rectification. An ancillary feature is a slight yearlong-averaged downward current O (0.1-0.5 mm/s) over the EPR ridge crest that crosses the time-mean, upward bowing isopycnals in a counter-intuitive vertical direction. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM j.william.lavelle@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA's Vents Program FX This work was funded by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and by NOAA's Vents Program. I thank Dennis McGillicuddy Jr. and Jim Ledwell for questions leading to this analysis, Andreas Thurnherr for providing the LADDER current time series and hydrographic profiles used in the examples, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions which improved the text. The freeware application Ferret was used to analyze and display model results. This is contribution 3724 from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 117 AR C07002 DI 10.1029/2011JC007627 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 971SV UT WOS:000306225100001 ER PT J AU Toth, LT Aronson, RB Vollmer, SV Hobbs, JW Urrego, DH Cheng, H Enochs, IC Combosch, DJ van Woesik, R Macintyre, IG AF Toth, Lauren T. Aronson, Richard B. Vollmer, Steven V. Hobbs, Jennifer W. Urrego, Dunia H. Cheng, Hai Enochs, Ian C. Combosch, David J. van Woesik, Robert Macintyre, Ian G. TI ENSO Drove 2500-Year Collapse of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; HOLOCENE; RECORD; GROWTH; SEA; DISTURBANCES AB Cores of coral reef frameworks along an upwelling gradient in Panama show that reef ecosystems in the tropical eastern Pacific collapsed for 2500 years, representing as much as 40% of their history, beginning about 4000 years ago. The principal cause of this millennial-scale hiatus in reef growth was increased variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its coupling with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The hiatus was a Pacific-wide phenomenon with an underlying climatology similar to probable scenarios for the next century. Global climate change is probably driving eastern Pacific reefs toward another regional collapse. C1 [Toth, Lauren T.; Aronson, Richard B.; Hobbs, Jennifer W.; Urrego, Dunia H.; van Woesik, Robert] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Aronson, Richard B.; Macintyre, Ian G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Vollmer, Steven V.; Combosch, David J.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Urrego, Dunia H.] Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, F-33405 Talence, France. [Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Hai] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Aronson, RB (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM raronson@fit.edu RI Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014; Chen, Hua/B-7664-2014; OI Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361; Chen, Hua/0000-0002-9493-6939; Combosch, David/0000-0001-7004-7435 FU Smithsonian Institution; NSF; Florida Institute of Technology FX We thank M. Bush, A. Correa-Metrio, P. Glynn, H. Lessios, D. Manzello, W. Precht, and P. Reimer for advice and V. Brandtneris, L. Camilli, M. Dardeau, K. Hendrickson, A. Lam, A. Moesinger, R. Muthukrishnan, E. Ochoa, J. Reynolds, B. Valencia, and A. Velarde for assistance. Supported by the Smithsonian Institution, NSF, and the Florida Institute of Technology. This research was carried out under permits from the Republic of Panama. Data are available online in NOAA's Paleoclimatology database (www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/). NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 80 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 6 PY 2012 VL 337 IS 6090 BP 81 EP 84 DI 10.1126/science.1221168 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 969KC UT WOS:000306053100048 PM 22767927 ER PT J AU Gallatin, GM McMorran, B AF Gallatin, Gregg M. McMorran, Ben TI Propagation of vortex electron wave functions in a magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; VORTICES; BEAMS AB The physics of coherent beams of photons carrying axial orbital angular momentum (OAM) is well understood, and such beams, sometimes known as vortex beams, have found applications in optics and microscopy. Recently electron beams carrying very large values of axial OAM have been generated. In the absence of coupling to an external electromagnetic field, the propagation of such vortex electron beams is virtually identical mathematically to that of vortex photon beams propagating in a medium with a homogeneous index of refraction. But when coupled to an external electromagnetic field, the propagation of vortex electron beams is distinctly different from photons. Here we use the exact path integral solution to Schrodinger's equation to examine the time evolution of an electron wave function carrying axial OAM. Interestingly we find that the nonzero OAM wave function can be obtained from the zero OAM wave function, in the case considered here, simply by multipling it by an appropriate time and position dependent prefactor. Hence adding OAM and propagating it can in this case be replaced by first propagating then adding OAM. Also, the results shown provide an explicit illustration of the fact that the gyromagnetic ratio for OAM is unity. We also propose a novel version of the Bohm-Aharonov effect using vortex electron beams. C1 [Gallatin, Gregg M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McMorran, Ben] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Gallatin, GM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregg.gallatin@nist.gov RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 5 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 1 AR 012701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.86.012701 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 969VS UT WOS:000306088100008 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Sabine, CL Byrne, RH Millero, FJ Dickson, AG Wanninkhof, R Murata, A Miller, LA Greeley, D AF Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Byrne, Robert H. Millero, Frank J. Dickson, Andrew G. Wanninkhof, Rik Murata, Akihiko Miller, Lisa A. Greeley, Dana TI Decadal changes in the aragonite and calcite saturation state of the Pacific Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE-ION CONCENTRATION; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; COCCOLITHOPHORID EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EXPERIMENTAL CORAL-REEF; ART. NO. 1011; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CALCIFICATION RATE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS AB Based on measurements from the WOCE/JGOFS global CO2 survey, the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program and the Canadian Line P survey, we have observed an average decrease of 0.34% yr(-1) in the saturation state of surface seawater in the Pacific Ocean with respect to aragonite and calcite. The upward migrations of the aragonite and calcite saturation horizons, averaging about 1 to 2 m yr(-1), are the direct result of the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the oceans and regional changes in circulation and biogeochemical processes. The shoaling of the saturation horizon is regionally variable, with more rapid shoaling in the South Pacific where there is a larger uptake of anthropogenic CO2. In some locations, particularly in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and in the California Current, the decadal changes in circulation can be the dominant factor in controlling the migration of the saturation horizon. If CO2 emissions continue as projected over the rest of this century, the resulting changes in the marine carbonate system would mean that many coral reef systems in the Pacific would no longer be able to sustain a sufficiently high rate of calcification to maintain the viability of these ecosystems as a whole, and these changes perhaps could seriously impact the thousands of marine species that depend on them for survival. C1 [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Greeley, Dana] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Millero, Frank J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dickson, Andrew G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murata, Akihiko] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Ocean Circulat Res Team, Ocean Climate Change Res Program, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Miller, Lisa A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Greeley, D (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM richard.a.feely@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation FX This work was sponsored the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Science Foundation. We specifically acknowledge Joel Levy of the NOAA Climate Program Office Ocean Climate Observation Program, and Eric Itsweire and Don Rice of the National Science Foundation for their support. We also want to thank all the officers, crew, and scientists of the WOCE/JGOFS, CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography, and Line P cruises in the Pacific for providing this valuable data to the ocean community. NR 118 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 76 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD JUL 4 PY 2012 VL 26 AR GB3001 DI 10.1029/2011GB004157 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971SE UT WOS:000306223300001 ER PT J AU Daniel, JS Portmann, RW Solomon, S Murphy, DM AF Daniel, J. S. Portmann, R. W. Solomon, S. Murphy, D. M. TI Identifying weekly cycles in meteorological variables: The importance of an appropriate statistical analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FALSE DISCOVERY RATE; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; MELBOURNE; POLLUTION; RAINFALL; REGION; EUROPE AB Weekly cycles in several meteorological parameters have been previously reported. Yet the extent to which these cycles are caused by anthropogenic activity remains unclear. Some of the complications associated with establishing this link are discussed here. Specifically, we highlight and quantify some common errors that have been made in the application of statistical techniques to this problem. Some errors, including the inappropriate use of the Student t test, have been significant enough to affect the conclusions of previous studies. A resampling technique that can properly account for both temporal and spatial correlation is evaluated and is shown to be accurate for determining the statistical significance of weekly cycles at the station level and for evaluating total field significance. We demonstrate that this resampling approach performs comparably to a Fourier analysis that evaluates the significance of the power at a seven-day period. Regardless of the analysis technique used, an understanding of the behavior of and uncertainties associated with the statistical analysis is critical to arriving at a justifiable conclusion regarding a human influence on weekly cycles and for putting results in context with other studies. We also discuss some general errors that can be made in weekly cycle analysis. These include selection of an analysis region after identifying where weekly cycles are significant, acceptance of a physical explanation for the hypothesized link that has not been properly tested given its large number of degrees of freedom, and ignoring the correlation among meteorological parameters. C1 [Daniel, J. S.; Portmann, R. W.; Solomon, S.; Murphy, D. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Daniel, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, 3A116 ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.s.daniel@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 4 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13203 DI 10.1029/2012JD017574 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971WS UT WOS:000306237000004 ER PT J AU LeBlanc, LJ Jimenez-Garcia, K Williams, RA Beeler, MC Perry, AR Phillips, WD Spielman, IB AF LeBlanc, Lindsay J. Jimenez-Garcia, Karina Williams, Ross A. Beeler, Matthew C. Perry, Abigail R. Phillips, William D. Spielman, Ian B. TI Observation of a superfluid Hall effect SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE superfluidity; synthetic gauge fields; ultracold atoms ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; NEUTRAL ATOMS; ELECTRON-GAS; STATE AB Measurement techniques based upon the Hall effect are invaluable tools in condensed-matter physics. When an electric current flows perpendicular to a magnetic field, a Hall voltage develops in the direction transverse to both the current and the field. In semiconductors, this behavior is routinely used to measure the density and charge of the current carriers (electrons in conduction bands or holes in valence bands)-internal properties of the system that are not accessible from measurements of the conventional resistance. For strongly interacting electron systems, whose behavior can be very different from the free electron gas, the Hall effect's sensitivity to internal properties makes it a powerful tool; indeed, the quantum Hall effects are named after the tool by which they are most distinctly measured instead of the physics from which the phenomena originate. Here we report the first observation of a Hall effect in an ultracold gas of neutral atoms, revealed by measuring a Bose-Einstein condensate's transport properties perpendicular to a synthetic magnetic field. Our observations in this vortex-free superfluid are in good agreement with hydrodynamic predictions, demonstrating that the system's global irrotationality influences this superfluid Hall signal. C1 [LeBlanc, Lindsay J.; Jimenez-Garcia, Karina; Williams, Ross A.; Beeler, Matthew C.; Perry, Abigail R.; Phillips, William D.; Spielman, Ian B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, Karina] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jimenez-Garcia, Karina] Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Fis, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov OI LeBlanc, Lindsay/0000-0002-9156-6100; Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922 FU Office of Naval Research, Army Research Office; Defense Advanced Research Planning Agency; Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; National Science Foundation through Physics Frontier Center at JQI; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We appreciate conversations with J. V. Porto. This work was partially supported by Office of Naval Research, Army Research Office with funds from both Defense Advanced Research Planning Agency's Optical Lattice Emulator program and the Atomtronics Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; and the National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI. L.J.L. acknowledges support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council; K.J.-G. acknowledges Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; and M.C.B. acknowledges National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 3 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 27 BP 10811 EP 10814 DI 10.1073/pnas.1202579109 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977FF UT WOS:000306641100026 PM 22699494 ER PT J AU Simonson, JW Yin, ZP Pezzoli, M Guo, J Liu, J Post, K Efimenko, A Hollmann, N Hu, Z Lin, HJ Chen, CT Marques, C Leyva, V Smith, G Lynn, JW Sun, LL Kotliar, G Basov, DN Tjeng, LH Aronson, MC AF Simonson, J. W. Yin, Z. P. Pezzoli, M. Guo, J. Liu, J. Post, K. Efimenko, A. Hollmann, N. Hu, Z. Lin, H. -J. Chen, C. -T. Marques, C. Leyva, V. Smith, G. Lynn, J. W. Sun, L. L. Kotliar, G. Basov, D. N. Tjeng, L. H. Aronson, M. C. TI From antiferromagnetic insulator to correlated metal in pressurized and doped LaMnPO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE correlated electron systems; electronic delocalization transition ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ZRCUSIAS-TYPE-STRUCTURE; IRON PNICTIDES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FIELD-THEORY; TRANSITION; CHALCOGENIDES; VALENCE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB Widespread adoption of superconducting technologies awaits the discovery of new materials with enhanced properties, especially higher superconducting transition temperatures T-c. The unexpected discovery of high T-c superconductivity in cuprates suggests that the highest T(c)s occur when pressure or doping transform the localized and moment-bearing electrons in antiferromagnetic insulators into itinerant carriers in a metal, where magnetism is preserved in the form of strong correlations. The absence of this transition in Fe-based superconductors may limit their T(c)s, but even larger T(c)s may be possible in their isostructural Mn analogs, which are antiferromagnetic insulators like the cuprates. It is generally believed that prohibitively large pressures would be required to suppress the effects of the strong Hund's rule coupling in these Mn-based compounds, collapsing the insulating gap and enabling superconductivity. Indeed, no Mn-based compounds are known to be superconductors. The electronic structure calculations and X-ray diffraction measurements presented here challenge these long held beliefs, finding that only modest pressures are required to transform LaMnPO, isostructural to superconducting host LaFeAsO, from an antiferromagnetic insulator to a metallic antiferromagnet, where the Mn moment vanishes in a second pressure-driven transition. Proximity to these charge and moment delocalization transitions in LaMnPO results in a highly correlated metallic state, the familiar breeding ground of superconductivity. C1 [Simonson, J. W.; Yin, Z. P.; Pezzoli, M.; Marques, C.; Leyva, V.; Smith, G.; Aronson, M. C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yin, Z. P.; Pezzoli, M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sun, L. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Sun, L. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Liu, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Post, K.; Basov, D. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Efimenko, A.; Hollmann, N.; Hu, Z.; Tjeng, L. H.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Fester Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Lin, H. -J.; Chen, C. -T.] NSRRC, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. [Aronson, M. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simonson, JW (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jsimonson@bnl.gov RI Yin, Zhiping/G-3949-2012; Hu, Zhiwei/B-8635-2008 OI Yin, Zhiping/0000-0001-8679-5251; FU Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship via Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [1066293]; European Union through ITN SOPRANO network; NSCF [10874230, 11074294] FX The authors are grateful for valuable discussions with J. W. Allen and A. Nevidomskyy. This research was supported by a Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Part of this work was carried out at the Aspen Center for Physics, and we acknowledge their hospitality which is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1066293. A. E. is supported by the European Union through the ITN SOPRANO network. L.L.S. acknowledges the support of NSCF (10874230 and 11074294). We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 66 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 3 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 27 BP E1815 EP E1819 DI 10.1073/pnas.1117366109 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 977FF UT WOS:000306641100005 PM 22647607 ER PT J AU Jorba, O Dabdub, D Blaszczak-Boxe, C Perez, C Janjic, Z Baldasano, JM Spada, M Badia, A Goncalves, M AF Jorba, O. Dabdub, D. Blaszczak-Boxe, C. Perez, C. Janjic, Z. Baldasano, J. M. Spada, M. Badia, A. Goncalves, M. TI Potential significance of photoexcited NO2 on global air quality with the NMMB/BSC chemical transport model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; EXCITED NO2; OZONE; HONO; PARAMETERIZATION; COORDINATE; IMPACTS; ENERGY; H2O AB Atmospheric chemists have recently focused on the relevance of the NO2* + H2O -> OH + HONO reaction to local air quality. This chemistry has been considered not relevant for the troposphere from known reaction rates until nowadays. New experiments suggested a rate constant of 1.7 x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), which is an order of magnitude faster than the previously estimated upper limit of 1.2 x 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), determined by Crowley and Carl (1997). Using the new global model, NMMB/BSC Chemical Transport Model (NMMB/BSC-CTM), simulations are presented that assess the potential significance of this chemistry on global air quality. Results show that if the NO2* chemistry is considered following the upper limit kinetics recommended by Crowley and Carl (1997), it produces an enhancement of ozone surface concentrations of 4-6 ppbv in rural areas and 6-15 ppbv in urban locations, reaching a maximum enhancement of 30 ppbv in eastern Asia. Moreover, NO2 enhancements are minor (<0.01 ppbv) in background regions and reach maximum daytime values of 1-6 ppbv. Similarly, HONO exhibits negligible increases, 8-9 pptv in urban settings. Enhancements in the concentration of OH are around 14-17 x 10(5) molec cm(-3). Decreases in the concentration of O-3 and its precursors are also identified but to a lesser degree. In order to quantify the role of the two kinetic rates measured, model simulations are compared after incorporating both reaction rate constants. Maximum O-3 difference enhancements from 5 to 10 ppbv are modeled over locations where high NOx emissions are present; however, differences are small in most parts of the globe. C1 [Jorba, O.; Baldasano, J. M.; Spada, M.; Badia, A.; Goncalves, M.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Dabdub, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Blaszczak-Boxe, C.] CUNY, Dept Phys Environm & Comp Sci, Medgar Evers Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Perez, C.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Perez, C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Janjic, Z.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Baldasano, J. M.; Goncalves, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Projects Dept, Environm Modeling Lab, Barcelona, Spain. RP Jorba, O (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Jordi Girona 31, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM oriol.jorba@bsc.es RI Goncalves-Ageitos, Maria/H-2130-2015; OI Goncalves-Ageitos, Maria/0000-0003-3857-6403; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2008-02818-CLI, CGL2010-19652] FX The authors wish to thank WOUDC, GAW, EMEP, CASTNET-EPA for the provision of measurement stations. Also, thanks to S. Szopa and A. Cozic for the provision of LMDz-INCA2 chemical data as initial chemical conditions. This work is funded by grants CGL2008-02818-CLI and CGL2010-19652 of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. All the numerical simulations were performed with the MareNostrum Supercomputer hosted by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13301 DI 10.1029/2012JD017730 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971WQ UT WOS:000306236800005 ER PT J AU Schwartz, CS Liu, ZQ Lin, HC McKeen, SA AF Schwartz, Craig S. Liu, Zhiquan Lin, Hui-Chuan McKeen, Stuart A. TI Simultaneous three-dimensional variational assimilation of surface fine particulate matter and MODIS aerosol optical depth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION; GOCART MODEL; AIR-QUALITY; WRF MODEL; SATELLITE; THICKNESS; IMPLEMENTATION; RETRIEVALS AB Total 550 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors and surface fine particulate matter (PM2.5) observations were assimilated with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation (DA) system. Parallel experiments assimilated AOD and surface PM2.5 observations both individually and simultaneously. New 3DVAR aerosol analyses were produced every 6 h between 0000 UTC 01 June and 1800 UTC 14 July 2010 over a domain encompassing the continental United States. The analyses initialized Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model forecasts. Assimilating AOD, either alone or in conjunction with PM2.5 observations, produced better AOD forecasts than a control experiment that did not perform DA. Additionally, individual assimilation of both AOD and PM2.5 improved surface PM2.5 forecasts compared to when no DA occurred. However, the best PM2.5 forecasts were produced when both AOD and PM2.5 were assimilated. Considering the goodness of both AOD and PM2.5 forecasts, the results unequivocally show that concurrent DA of PM2.5 and AOD observations produced the best overall forecasts, illustrating how simultaneous DA of different aerosol observations can work synergistically to improve aerosol forecasts. C1 [Schwartz, Craig S.; Liu, Zhiquan; Lin, Hui-Chuan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [McKeen, Stuart A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKeen, Stuart A.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schwartz, CS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3090 Ctr Green Dr, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM schwartz@ucar.edu RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013 FU Air Force Weather Agency; National Science Foundation FX We are grateful to the Air Force Weather Agency for funding this work. AERONET Principal Investigators are also thanked for making their data available. Georg Grell, Steven Peckham, and Mariusz Pagowski (NOAA) provided valuable assistance regarding WRF-Chem configurations. Comments from three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 63 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 3 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D13202 DI 10.1029/2011JD017383 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971WQ UT WOS:000306236800002 ER PT J AU Uprety, S Cao, CY AF Uprety, Sirish Cao, Changyong TI Radiometric and spectral characterization and comparison of the Antarctic Dome C and Sonoran Desert sites for the calibration and validation of visible and near-infrared radiometers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; Dome C; radiometers; satellites; Sonoran; Desert ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; OPERATIONAL CALIBRATION; INTER-CALIBRATION; CHANNELS; AVHRR; SURFACE; TARGET AB Global climate change studies require long-term, radiometrically accurate, and stable observations from a number of satellites. Spatially uniform and radiometrically/spectrally stable vicarious calibration sites can be used to quantify the sensor gain change over time, monitor the instrument performance, and compare measurements from multiple instruments to maintain consistent radiometric calibration. This study uses AQUA moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), MetOp-A advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR), and Earth Observing-1 Hyperion to analyze the radiometric and spectral characteristics of the Dome C and Sonoran Desert sites and perform intercomparisons. The radiometric stability of both sites over a period of eight years as evaluated using AQUA MODIS is found to be better than 2% in the visible (0.64 mu m) and near-infrared regions (0.86 mu m), assuming the MODIS calibration is stable. The bidirectional reflectance distribution (BRDF) effect over Dome C is large, with greater than 5% seasonal variation, compared to the Sonoran Desert with less than 2% variation. However, the BRDF impact can be reduced to less than 2% for Dome C after normalization by an appropriate BRDF model. For water vapor absorption channels, such as AVHRR channel 2 (0.86 mu m), this study suggests that the Sonoran Desert is largely affected with greater than 6% absorption variability compared to that of Dome C with less than 2%. The study also reveals that the operationally calibrated AVHRR top-of-atmosphere reflectance is lower than that of MODIS by about 8%. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063541] C1 [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cao, Changyong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Uprety, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Sirish.Uprety@noaa.gov; Changyong.Cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU NPP cal/val program FX This study is partially funded by the NPP cal/val program. The authors would like to thank Dr. Xiangqian Wu of NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Dr. Fangfang Yu and Mr. Michael Grotenhuis of ERT, Dr. Tiejun Chang and Dr. Ruiyue Chen of IMSG, Dr. Aaron Pearlman of IAI, and anonymous reviewers for reviewing this manuscript and providing valuable comments and suggestions. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUL 3 PY 2012 VL 6 AR 063541 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063541 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 974MV UT WOS:000306440500002 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Wang, C Huang, QZ Guo, YF Chu, LH Arai, M Yamaura, K AF Sun, Ying Wang, Cong Huang, Qingzhen Guo, Yanfeng Chu, Lihua Arai, Masao Yamaura, Kazunari TI Neutron Diffraction Study of Unusual Phase Separation in the Antiperovskite Nitride Mn3ZnN SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC TRANSITION; CHARGE; PEROVSKITES; MANGANESE; MN4N; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; LATTICE; SPIN AB The antiperovskite Mn3ZnN is studied by neutron diffraction at temperatures between SO and 295 K. Mn3ZnN crystallizes to form a cubic structure at room temperature (C1 phase). Upon cooling, another cubic structure (C2 phase) appears at around 177 K. Interestingly, the C2 phase disappears below 140 K. The maximum mass concentration of the C2 phase is approximately 85% (at 160 K). The coexistence of C1 and C2 phase in the temperature interval of 140-177 K implies that phase separation occurs. Although the Cl and C2 phases share their composition and lattice symmetry, the C2 phase has a slightly larger lattice parameter (Delta a approximate to 0.53%) and a different magnetic structure. The C2 phase is further investigated by neutron diffraction under high-pressure conditions (up to 270 MPa). The results show that the unusual appearance and disappearance of the C2 phase is accompanied by magnetic ordering. Mn3ZnN is thus a valuable subject for study of the magneto-lattice effect and phase separation behavior because this is rarely observed in nonoxide materials. C1 [Sun, Ying; Wang, Cong; Chu, Lihua] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Yanfeng; Yamaura, Kazunari] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Superconducting Properties Unit, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Arai, Masao] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM congwang@buaa.edu.cn; yamaura.kazunari@nims.go.jp RI Yanfeng, Guo/C-5704-2012; Arai, Masao/F-9098-2011; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016 OI Arai, Masao/0000-0003-0088-5649; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [91122026, 51172012]; World Premier International Research Center from MEXT (Japan); JSPS (Japan) [22246083]; JST (Japan) FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (91122026 and 51172012), the World Premier International Research Center from MEXT (Japan), a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22246083) from JSPS (Japan), the Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program) from JSPS (Japan), and the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from JST (Japan). NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 13 BP 7232 EP 7236 DI 10.1021/ic300978x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 966QX UT WOS:000305853600031 PM 22720658 ER PT J AU Mullan, M Knill, E AF Mullan, Michael Knill, Emanuel TI IMPROVING QUANTUM CLOCKS VIA SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Quantum Query Algorithms; Quantum Logic Clocks; Semidefinite Programming ID STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; ENSEMBLES AB The accuracies of modern quantum logic clocks, have surpassed those of standard atomic fountain clocks. These clocks also provide a greater degree of control, because before and after clock queries, we are able to apply chosen unitary operations and measurements. Here, we take advantage of these choices and present a numerical technique designed to increase the accuracy of these clocks. We use a greedy approach, minimizing the phase variance of a noisy classical oscillator with respect to a perfect frequency standard after an interrogation step; we do not optimize over successive interrogations or the probe times. We consider arbitrary prior frequency knowledge and compare clocks with varying numbers of ions and queries interlaced with unitary control. Our technique is based on the semidefinite programming formulation of quantum query complexity, a method first developed in the context of deriving algorithmic lower bounds. The application of semidefinite programming to an inherently continuous problem like that considered here requires discretization; we derive bounds on the error introduced and show that it can be made suitably small. C1 [Mullan, Michael] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knill, Emanuel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mullan, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7-8 BP 553 EP 574 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 142UB UT WOS:000318822000002 ER PT J AU Petes, LE Brown, AJ Knight, CR AF Petes, Laura E. Brown, Alicia J. Knight, Carley R. TI Impacts of upstream drought and water withdrawals on the health and survival of downstream estuarine oyster populations SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Apalachicola; climate change; Dermo disease; drought; estuary; oyster; water ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS INFECTION; LOWER CHESAPEAKE BAY; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EASTERN OYSTERS; GLOBAL WATER; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; APALACHICOLA BAY; FLORIDA; TEMPERATURE AB Increases in the frequency, duration, and severity of regional drought pose major threats to the health and integrity of downstream ecosystems. During 2007-2008, the U.S. southeast experienced one of the most severe droughts on record. Drought and water withdrawals in the upstream watershed led to decreased freshwater input to Apalachicola Bay, Florida, an estuary that is home to a diversity of commercially and ecologically important organisms. This study applied a combination of laboratory experiments and field observations to investigate the effects of reduced freshwater input on Apalachicola oysters. Oysters suffered significant disease-related mortality under high-salinity, drought conditions, particularly during the warm summer months. Mortality was size-specific, with large oysters of commercially harvestable size being more susceptible than small oysters. A potential salinity threshold was revealed between 17 and 25 ppt, where small oysters began to suffer mortality, and large oysters exhibited an increase in mortality. These findings have important implications for watershed management, because upstream freshwater releases could be carefully timed and allocated during stressful periods of the summer to reduce disease-related oyster mortality. Integrated, forward-looking water management is needed, particularly under future scenarios of climate change and human population growth, to sustain the valuable ecosystem services on which humans depend. C1 [Petes, Laura E.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Petes, Laura E.; Brown, Alicia J.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Knight, Carley R.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. RP Petes, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Program Off, SSMC3,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Laura.Petes@noaa.gov FU Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory; FSUCML FX This study was funded by the Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory, and the NOAA Climate Program Office provided generous support for the publication of this manuscript.; Thanks to FSUCML staff, particularly B. Henderson and M. Daniels, for support in setting up the experiments, to AN-ERR staff (B. Dean, L. Edmiston, M. Lamb, N. Selly, J. Wanat, and J. Wren) for access to environmental data, boats, and help in the field, and to VIMS Shellfish Pathology Laboratory (R. Carnegie, R. Crockett, and S. Denny) for conducting the oyster disease analyses. M. Callaghan and R. Herron provided assistance with the laboratory experiments. Thanks to F. Coleman, N. Jue, K. Kingon, C. Koenig, and J. Nelson for input on experimental design, to B. Bancroft, R. Hughes, D. Kimbro, B. Menge, and C. Stallings for advice on statistics, and to B. Bancroft, F. Coleman, and J. Wanat for incredibly useful comments on drafts. This study was funded by FSUCML, and the NOAA Climate Program Office provided generous support for the publication of this manuscript. NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2045-7758 J9 ECOL EVOL JI Ecol. Evol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 2 IS 7 BP 1712 EP 1724 DI 10.1002/ece3.291 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 055WK UT WOS:000312448400033 PM 22957175 ER PT J AU Achberger, C Ackerman, SA Ahmed, FH Albanil-Encarnacion, A Alfaro, EJ Alves, LM Allan, R Amador, JA Ambenje, P Antoine, MD Antonov, J Arevalo, J Arndt, DS Ashik, I Atheru, Z Baccini, A Baez, J Banzon, V Baringer, MO Barreira, S Barriopedro, DE Bates, JJ Becker, A Behrenfeld, MJ Bell, GD Benedetti, A Bernhard, G Berrisford, P Berry, DI Beszczynska-Moeller, A Bhatt, US Bidegain, M Bieniek, P Birkett, C Bissolli, P Blake, ES Blunden, J Boudet-Rouco, D Box, JE Boyer, T Braathen, GO Brackenridge, GR Brohan, P Bromwich, DH Brown, L Brown, R Bruhwiler, L Bulygina, ON Burrows, J Calderon, B Camargo, SJ Cappellen, J Carmack, E Carrasco, G Chambers, DP Christiansen, HH Christy, J Chung, D Ciais, P Coehlo, CAS Colwell, S Comiso, J Cretaux, JF Crouch, J Cunningham, SA De Jeu, RAM Demircan, M Derksen, C Diamond, HJ Dlugokencky, EJ Dohan, K Dolman, AJ Dorigo, WA Drozdov, DS Duguay, C Dutton, E Dutton, GS Elkins, JW Epstein, HE Famiglietti, JS Fanton d'Andon, OH Feely, RA Fekete, BM Fenimore, C Fernandez-Prieto, D Fields, E Fioletov, V Fogt, RL Folland, C Foster, MJ Frajka-Williams, E Franz, BA Frey, K Frith, SH Frolov, I Frost, GV Ganter, C Garzoli, S Gitau, W Gleason, KL Gobron, N Goldenberg, SB Goni, G Gonzalez-Garcia, I Gonzalez-Rodriguez, N Good, SA Goryl, P Gottschalck, J Gouveia, CM Gregg, MC Griffiths, GM Grigoryan, V Grooss, JU Guard, C Guglielmin, M Hall, BD Halpert, MS Heidinger, AK Heikkila, A Heim, RR Hennon, PA Hidalgo, HG Hilburn, K Ho, SP Hobbs, WR Holgate, S Hook, SJ Hovsepyan, A Hu, ZZ Hugony, S Hurst, DF Ingvaldsen, R Itoh, M Jaimes, E Jeffries, M Johns, WE Johnsen, B Johnson, B Johnson, GC Jones, LT Jumaux, G Kabidi, K Kaiser, JW Kang, KK Kanzow, TO Kao, HY Keller, LM Kendon, M Kennedy, JJ Kervankiran, S Key, J Khatiwala, S Kholodov, AL Khoshkam, M Kikuchi, T Kimberlain, TB King, D Knaff, JA Korshunova, NN Koskela, T Kratz, DP Krishfield, R Kruger, A Kruk, MC Kumar, A Lagerloef, G Lakkala, K Lammers, RB Lander, MA Landsea, CW Lankhorst, M Lapinel-Pedroso, B Lazzara, MA LeDuc, S Lefale, P Leon, G Leon-Lee, A Leuliette, E Levitus, S L'Heureux, M Lin, II Liu, HX Liu, YJ Liu, Y Lobato-Sanchez, R Locarnini, R Loeb, NG Loeng, H Long, CS Lorrey, AM Lumpkin, R Myhre, CL Luo, JJ Lyman, JM MacCallum, S Macdonald, AM Maddux, BC Manney, G Marchenko, SS Marengo, JA Maritorena, S Marotzke, J Marra, JJ Martinez-Sanchez, O Maslanik, J Massom, RA Mathis, JT McBride, C McClain, CR McGrath, D McGree, S McLaughlin, F McVicar, TR Mears, C Meier, W Meinen, CS Menendez, M Merchant, C Merrifield, MA Miller, L Mitchum, GT Montzka, SA Moore, S Mora, NP Morcrette, JJ Mote, T Muhle, J Mullan, AB Muller, R Myhre, C Nash, ER Nerem, RS Newlin, ML Newman, PA Ngari, A Nishino, S Njau, LN Noetzli, J Oberman, NG Obregon, A Ogallo, L Oludhe, C Overland, J Oyunjargal, L Parinussa, RM Park, GH Parker, DE Pasch, RJ Pascual-Ramirez, R Pelto, MS Penalba, O Perez-Suarez, R Perovich, D Pezza, AB Phillips, D Pickart, R Pinty, B Pinzon, J Pitts, MC Pour, HK Prior, J Privette, JL Proshutinsky, A Quegan, S Quintana, J Rabe, B Rahimzadeh, F Rajeevan, M Rayner, D Rayner, NA Raynolds, MK Razuvaev, VN Reagan, J Reid, P Renwick, JA Revadekar, J Rex, M Richter-Menge, J Rivera, IL Robinson, DA Rodell, M Roderick, ML Romanovsky, VE Ronchail, J Rosenlof, KH Rudels, B Sabine, CL Sanchez-Lugo, A Santee, ML Sawaengphokhai, P Sayouri, A Scambos, TA Schauer, U Schemm, J Schmid, C Schreck, C Semiletov, I Send, U Sensoy, S Shakhova, N Sharp, M Shiklomanov, NI Shimada, K Shin, J Siegel, DA Simmons, A Skansi, M Smith, TM Sokolov, V Spence, J Srivastava, AK Stackhouse, PW Stammerjohn, S Steele, M Steffen, K Steinbrecht, W Stephenson, T Stolarski, RS Sweet, W Takahashi, T Taylor, MA Tedesco, M Thepaut, JN Thiaw, WM Thompson, P Thorne, PW Timmermans, ML Tobin, S Toole, J Trachte, K Trewin, BC Trigo, RM Trotman, A Tucker, CJ Ulupinar, Y Van de Wal, RSW van der Werf, GR Vautard, R Votaw, G Wagner, WW Wahr, J Walker, DA Walsh, J Wang, CZ Wang, JH Wang, L Wang, MH Wang, SH Wanninkhof, R Weaver, S Weber, M Weingartner, T Weller, RA Wentz, F Whitewood, R Wilber, AC Willett, KM Williams, W Willis, JK Wilson, RC Wolken, G Wong, TM Woodgate, R Wovrosh, AJ Xue, Y Yamada, R Yamamoto-Kawai, M Yoder, JA Yu, LS Yueh, S Zhang, LY Zhang, PQ Zhao, L Zhou, XJ Zimmermann, S Zubair, L AF Achberger, C. Ackerman, S. A. Ahmed, Farid H. Albanil-Encarnacion, Adelina Alfaro, E. J. Alves, L. M. Allan, Rob Amador, Jorge A. Ambenje, Peter Antoine, M. D. Antonov, John Arevalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Ashik, I. Atheru, Zachary Baccini, Alessandro Baez, Julian Banzon, Viva Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Barriopedro, D. E. Bates, J. J. Becker, Andreas Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, Germar Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Beszczynska-Moeller, A. Bhatt, U. S. Bidegain, Mario Bieniek, P. Birkett, Charon Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Boudet-Rouco, Dagne Box, Jason E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Brackenridge, G. Robert Brohan, Philip Bromwich, David H. Brown, Laura Brown, R. Bruhwiler, Lori Bulygina, O. N. Burrows, John Calderon, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Cappellen, John Carmack, E. Carrasco, Gualberto Chambers, Don P. Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John Chung, D. Ciais, P. Coehlo, Caio A. S. Colwell, Steve Comiso, J. Cretaux, Jean-Francois Crouch, Jake Cunningham, Stuart A. De Jeu, Richard A. M. Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dolman, A. Johannes Dorigo, Wouter A. Drozdov, D. S. Duguay, Claude Dutton, Ellsworth Dutton, Geoff S. Elkins, James W. Epstein, H. E. Famiglietti, James S. Fanton d'Andon, Odile Hembise Feely, Richard A. Fekete, Balazs M. Fenimore, Chris Fernandez-Prieto, D. Fields, Erik Fioletov, Vitali Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Foster, Michael J. Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Karen Frith, Stacey H. Frolov, I. Frost, G. V. Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gitau, Wilson Gleason, Karin L. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Goni, Gustavo Gonzalez-Garcia, Idelmis Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nivaldo Good, Simon A. Goryl, Philippe Gottschalck, Jonathan Gouveia, C. M. Gregg, Margarita C. Griffiths, Georgina M. Grigoryan, Valentina Grooss, Jens-Uwe Guard, Chip Guglielmin, Mauro Hall, Bradley D. Halpert, Michael S. Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkila, Anu Heim, Richard R., Jr. Hennon, Paula A. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu-peng Hobbs, Will R. Holgate, Simon Hook, Simon J. Hovsepyan, Anahit Hu, Zeng-Zhen Hugony, Sebastien Hurst, Dale F. Ingvaldsen, R. Itoh, M. Jaimes, Ena Jeffries, Martin Johns, William E. Johnsen, Bjorn Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, L. T. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kang, Kyun-Kuk Kanzow, Torsten O. Kao, Hsun-Ying Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kervankiran, Sefer Key, J. Khatiwala, Samar Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, M. Kikuchi, T. Kimberlain, Todd B. King, Darren Knaff, John A. Korshunova, Natalia N. Koskela, Tapani Kratz, David P. Krishfield, R. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kumar, Arun Lagerloef, Gary Lakkala, Kaisa Lammers, Richard B. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lapinel-Pedroso, Braulio Lazzara, Matthew A. LeDuc, Sharon Lefale, Penehuro Leon, Gloria Leon-Lee, Antonia Leuliette, Eric Levitus, Syndney L'Heureux, Michelle Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Lobato-Sanchez, Rene Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Loeng, H. Long, Craig S. Lorrey, Andrew M. Lumpkin, Rick Myhre, Cathrine Lund Luo, Jing-Jia Lyman, John M. MacCallum, Stuart Macdonald, Alison M. Maddux, Brent C. Manney, Gloria Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, Jose A. Maritorena, Stephane Marotzke, Jochem Marra, John J. Martinez-Sanchez, Odayls Maslanik, J. Massom, Robert A. Mathis, Jeremy T. McBride, Charlotte McClain, Charles R. McGrath, Daniel McGree, Simon McLaughlin, F. McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Menendez, Melisa Merchant, Chris Merrifield, Mark A. Miller, Laury Mitchum, Gary T. Montzka, Stephen A. Moore, Sue Mora, Natalie P. Morcrette, Jean-Jacques Mote, Thomas Muhle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Muller, Rolf Myhre, Cathrine Nash, Eric R. Nerem, R. Steven Newlin, Michele L. Newman, Paul A. Ngari, Arona Nishino, S. Njau, Lenoard N. Noetzli, Jeannette Oberman, N. G. Obregon, Andre Ogallo, Laban Oludhe, Christopher Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, R. M. Park, Geun-Ha Parker, David E. Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo Pelto, Mauri S. Penalba, Olga Perez-Suarez, Ramon Perovich, D. Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, Dave Pickart, R. Pinty, Bernard Pinzon, J. Pitts, Michael C. Pour, Homa Kheyrollah Prior, John Privette, Jeff L. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Shaun Quintana, Juan Rabe, B. Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, M. Rayner, Darren Rayner, Nick A. Raynolds, M. K. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James Reid, Phillip Renwick, James A. Revadekar, J. Rex, Markus Richter-Menge, J. Rivera, Ingrid L. Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Roderick, Michael L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Rudels, B. Sabine, Christopher L. Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schauer, U. Schemm, Jae Schmid, Claudia Schreck, Carl Semiletov, Igor Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Shakhova, Natalia Sharp, M. Shiklomanov, Nicolai I. Shimada, K. Shin, J. Siegel, David A. Simmons, Adrian Skansi, Maria Smith, Thomas M. Sokolov, V. Spence, Jacqueline Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steele, M. Steffen, Konrad Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stephenson, Tannecia Stolarski, Richard S. Sweet, William Takahashi, Taro Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, Marco Thepaut, Jean-Noel Thiaw, Wassila M. Thompson, Philip Thorne, Peter W. Timmermans, M. L. Tobin, Skie Toole, J. Trachte, Katja Trewin, Blair C. Trigo, Ricardo M. Trotman, Adrian Tucker, C. J. Ulupinar, Yusuf Van de Wal, Roderik S. W. van der Werf, G. R. Vautard, Robert Votaw, Gary Wagner, Wolfgang W. Wahr, John Walker, D. A. Walsh, J. Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, Menghua Wang, Sheng-Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Weaver, Scott Weber, Mark Weingartner, T. Weller, Robert A. Wentz, Frank Whitewood, Robert Wilber, Anne C. Willett, Kate M. Williams, W. Willis, Joshua K. Wilson, R. Chris Wolken, G. Wong, Takmeng Woodgate, R. Wovrosh, Alex J. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Yoder, James A. Yu, Lisan Yueh, Simon Zhang, Liangying Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Lin Zhou, Xinjia Zimmerman, S. Zubair, Lafeer TI STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; MERIDIONAL HEAT-TRANSPORT; RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; BAND MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT AB Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particular, a moderate-to-strong La Nina at the beginning of the year dissipated during boreal spring but reemerged during fall. The phenomenon contributed to historical droughts in East Africa, the southern United States, and northern Mexico, as well the wettest two-year period (2010-11) on record for Australia, particularly remarkable as this follows a decade-long dry period. Precipitation patterns in South America were also influenced by La Nina. Heavy rain in Rio de Janeiro in January triggered the country's worst floods and landslides in Brazil's history. The 2011 combined average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was the coolest since 2008, but was also among the 15 warmest years on record and above the 1981-2010 average. The global sea surface temperature cooled by 0.1 degrees C from 2010 to 2011, associated with cooling influences of La Nina. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for 2011 were higher than for all prior years, demonstrating the Earth's dominant role of the oceans in the Earth's energy budget. In the upper atmosphere, tropical stratospheric temperatures were anomalously warm, while polar temperatures were anomalously cold. This led to large springtime stratospheric ozone reductions in polar latitudes in both hemispheres. Ozone concentrations in the Arctic stratosphere during March were the lowest for that period since satellite records began in 1979. An extensive, deep, and persistent ozone hole over the Antarctic in September indicates that the recovery to pre-1980 conditions is proceeding very slowly. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased by 2.10 ppm in 2011, and exceeded 390 ppm for the first time since instrumental records began. Other greenhouse gases also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 30% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Most ozone depleting substances continued to fall. The global net ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2010 transition period from El Nino to La Nina, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, was estimated to be 1.30 Pg C yr(-1), almost 12% below the 29-year long-term average. Relative to the long-term trend, global sea level dropped noticeably in mid-2010 and reached a local minimum in 2011. The drop has been linked to the La Nina conditions that prevailed throughout much of 2010-11. Global sea level increased sharply during the second half of 2011. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2011 was well-below average, with a total of 74 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010, the North Atlantic was the only basin that experienced above-normal activity. For the first year since the widespread introduction of the Dvorak intensity-estimation method in the 1980s, only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity level-all in the Northwest Pacific basin. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate compared with lower latitudes. Below-normal summer snowfall, a decreasing trend in surface albedo, and above-average surface and upper air temperatures resulted in a continued pattern of extreme surface melting, and net snow and ice loss on the Greenland ice sheet. Warmer-than-normal temperatures over the Eurasian Arctic in spring resulted in a new record-low June snow cover extent and spring snow cover duration in this region. In the Canadian Arctic, the mass loss from glaciers and ice caps was the greatest since GRACE measurements began in 2002, continuing a negative trend that began in 1987. New record high temperatures occurred at 20 m below the land surface at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska, where measurements began in the late 1970s. Arctic sea ice extent in September 2011 was the second-lowest on record, while the extent of old ice (four and five years) reached a new record minimum that was just 19% of normal. On the opposite pole, austral winter and spring temperatures were more than 3 degrees C above normal over much of the Antarctic continent. However, winter temperatures were below normal in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, which continued the downward trend there during the last 15 years. In summer, an all-time record high temperature of -12.3 degrees C was set at the South Pole station on 25 December, exceeding the previous record by more than a full degree. Antarctic sea ice extent anomalies increased steadily through much of the year, from briefly setting a record low in April, to well above average in December. 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Univ Wisconsin, AOS CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. CIIFEN, Guayaquil, Ecuador. NOAA Natl Weath Serv, San Juan, PR USA. Univ Colorado, Aero & Eng Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. S African Weath Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Austral Bureau Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. CSIRO Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Cantabria, Environ Hydraulic Inst, Santander, Spain. Office Sci Technol, NOAA Natl Marine Fish Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Achberger, C (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Earth Sci Cntr, Gothenburg, Sweden. RI Bulygina, Olga/H-1251-2016; Arndt, Derek/J-3022-2013; Liu, Yi/M-7169-2015; Box, Jason/H-5770-2013; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; McVicar, Tim/D-8614-2011; Heikkila, Anu/F-1261-2017; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/F-7611-2013; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Langholtz, Matthew/B-9416-2012; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Camargo, Suzana/C-6106-2009; Gouveia, Celia/E-5159-2010; Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/A-7315-2013; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Banzon, Viva/D-5499-2014; Timmermans, Mary-Louise/N-5983-2014; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Tedesco, Marco/F-7986-2015; Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013; SHIMADA, Koji/O-1913-2014; Trachte, Katja/M-7310-2015; Bromwich, David/C-9225-2016; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; wilber, anne/F-6270-2011; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Hobbs, Will/G-5116-2014; Miller, Laury/B-8305-2011; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Roderick, Michael/C-9621-2009; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Menendez, Melisa/L-4600-2014; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/G-6113-2010; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/M-4508-2014; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011; Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; van de wal, roderik/D-1705-2011; Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; Semiletov, Igor/B-3616-2013; Blunden, Jessica/G-1309-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; Goldenberg, Stanley/C-5965-2014; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Berry, David/C-1268-2011; Rabe, Benjamin/G-2999-2011; L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013; Antoine, David/C-3817-2013; Franz, Bryan/D-6284-2012; Marengo, Jose /J-9382-2012; Duguay, Claude/G-5682-2011; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Thompson, Philip/H-4509-2013; Folland, Chris/I-2524-2013; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010 OI Liu, Yi/0000-0001-9059-8269; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Heikkila, Anu/0000-0002-1050-5673; Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo/0000-0002-1035-2179; Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Langholtz, Matthew/0000-0002-8153-7154; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Camargo, Suzana/0000-0002-0802-5160; Gouveia, Celia/0000-0002-3147-5696; Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; GrooSS, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-9485-866X; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736; Trachte, Katja/0000-0003-4269-9668; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Hobbs, Will/0000-0002-2061-0899; Miller, Laury/0000-0003-3095-5804; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Roderick, Michael/0000-0002-3630-7739; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang/0000-0003-0680-6729; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/0000-0003-3587-5926; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838; Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Rabe, Benjamin/0000-0001-5794-9856; L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706; Antoine, David/0000-0002-9082-2395; Franz, Bryan/0000-0003-0293-2082; Marengo, Jose /0000-0002-8154-2762; Duguay, Claude/0000-0002-1044-5850; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253 NR 655 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 261 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 SU S BP S1 EP S263 DI 10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 PG 263 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GT UT WOS:000306806200001 ER PT J AU Papa, F Biancamaria, S Lion, C Rossow, WB AF Papa, F. Biancamaria, S. Lion, C. Rossow, W. B. TI Uncertainties in Mean River Discharge Estimates Associated With Satellite Altimeter Temporal Sampling Intervals: A Case Study for the Annual Peak Flow in the Context of the Future SWOT Hydrology Mission SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Error budget; hydrology; river discharge; surface water; Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) AB In the context of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, investigations are needed to refine the error budget for discharge estimations. This letter proposes to evaluate the uncertainties in the estimation of mean river discharge around the seasonal peak flow due to the satellite temporal sampling intervals. The daily time series of in situ river discharge measurements for 11 large rivers are used to analyze the uncertainties associated with the sampling of four altimeter repeat cycles: the 35-, 22-, and 10-day repeat cycles in the nadir-looking configuration of current altimeters and the 22-day repeat cycle in the SWOT wide-swath configuration, where a given location is observed every cycle twice at the equator and six times in higher latitudes. Results show that, for boreal rivers, a sampling of 35 or 22 days from current nadir altimeters is too coarse to give an accurate estimate of the average discharge around the seasonal peak flow, whereas for all watersheds, the uncertainties associated with a 10-day repeat cycle or the 22-day repeat cycle in the SWOT wide-swath configuration are within the range of acceptable uncertainties (15%-20%). In addition, the absolute maximum mean discharge uncertainties associated with the SWOT time sampling have a strong relationship with the variance of the river discharge. This suggests that, rather than the commonly used basin area, the magnitude of the short-time-scale variance of the discharge could be used as a predictor of the uncertainties associated with temporal sampling intervals when estimating average discharge around the seasonal peak flow. C1 [Papa, F.; Biancamaria, S.; Lion, C.] Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, CNRS, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales,Inst Rech Dev, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Papa, F (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, CNRS, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales,Inst Rech Dev, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM fabrice.papa@ird.fr RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2174958 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034YW UT WOS:000310909800007 ER PT J AU Khan, SI Hong, Y Vergara, HJ Gourley, JJ Brakenridge, GR De Groeve, T Flamig, ZL Policelli, F Yong, B AF Khan, Sadiq I. Hong, Yang Vergara, Humberto J. Gourley, Jonathan J. Brakenridge, G. Robert De Groeve, Tom Flamig, Zachary L. Policelli, Frederick Yong, Bin TI Microwave Satellite Data for Hydrologic Modeling in Ungauged Basins SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Digital elevation models (DEMS); distributed hydrologic modeling; floods; passive microwave sensors; satellite remote sensing ID OKAVANGO DELTA; SOIL-MOISTURE; RAINFALL DATA; FLOOD; RIVER; PREDICTION; ALTIMETRY; BOTSWANA; GIS AB An innovative flood-prediction framework is developed using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation forcing and a proxy for river discharge from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aqua satellite. The AMSR-E-detected water surface signal was correlated with in situ measurements of streamflow in the Okavango Basin in Southern Africa as indicated by a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90. A distributed hydrologic model, with structural data sets derived from remote-sensing data, was calibrated to yield simulations matching the flood frequencies from the AMSR-E-detected water surface signal. Model performance during a validation period yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.84. We concluded that remote-sensing data from microwave sensors could be used to supplement stream gauges in large sparsely gauged or ungauged basins to calibrate hydrologic models. Given the global availability of all required data sets, this approach can be potentially expanded to improve flood monitoring and prediction in sparsely gauged basins throughout the world. C1 [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khan, Sadiq I.; Hong, Yang; Vergara, Humberto J.; Flamig, Zachary L.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brakenridge, G. Robert] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [De Groeve, Tom] Commiss European Communities, Inst Environm, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Policelli, Frederick] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yong, Bin] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Khan, SI (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM sadiq@ou.edu; yanghong@ou.edu; humber@ou.edu; Jj.Gourley@noaa.gov; robert.brakenridge@Colorado.edu; tom.de-groeve@jrc.it; Zac.Flamig@noaa.gov; frederick.s.policelli@nasa.gov; binyong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Khan, Sadiq/B-8209-2012; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters under the NASA Earth Science Fellowship Program [NNX08AX63H] FX Manuscript received April 8, 2011; revised September 19, 2011 and November 2, 2011; accepted November 19, 2011. Date of publication January 23, 2012; date of current version May 7, 2012. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters under the NASA Earth Science Fellowship Program under Grant NNX08AX63H. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2177807 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034YW UT WOS:000310909800026 ER PT J AU Gladkova, I Grossberg, M Bonev, G Romanov, P Shahriar, F AF Gladkova, Irina Grossberg, Michael Bonev, George Romanov, Peter Shahriar, Fazlul TI Increasing the Accuracy of MODIS/Aqua Snow Product Using Quantitative Image Restoration Technique SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aqua; band 6; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); normalized difference snow index (NDSI); restoration AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based snow mask product critically uses 1.6 mu m band 6. The snow mask algorithm for MODIS on Aqua has been adapted to use the 2.1 mu m band 7, since some of Aqua's MODIS detectors are nonfunctional. We have previously introduced an algorithm for quantitative image restoration (QIR) that can restore missing pixels or scan lines, using multilinear regression with input from a spatial-spectral window in other bands. In this letter, we argue that the use of MODIS Aqua band 6 data restored with the QIR technique in the snow algorithm results in a higher accuracy snow product as compared to the current MODIS Aqua snow product based on band 7 data. We show this by comparing a QIR-restored band 6 based product to the band 7 based product, applied to MODIS Terra, where we have simulated the Aqua-like damage to band 6. We demonstrate improved performance on representative granules covering different surface land-type conditions. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael; Romanov, Peter] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bonev, George; Shahriar, Fazlul] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; grossberg@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; gbonev@gc.cuny.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov; fshahriar@gc.cuny.edu RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/NESDIS STAR [DG133E07CQ0077] FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/NESDIS STAR, under Grant DG133E07CQ0077. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA and or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 740 EP 743 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2180505 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 034YW UT WOS:000310909800042 ER PT J AU Natali Sora, I Caronna, T Fontana, F Fernandez, CD Caneschi, A Green, M AF Natali Sora, Isabella Caronna, Tullio Fontana, Francesca Fernandez, Cesar de Julian Caneschi, Andrea Green, Mark TI Crystal structures and magnetic properties of strontium and copper doped lanthanum ferrites SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lanthanum ferrites; Perovskite oxides; Neutron powder diffraction; Weak ferromagnetic interactions ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; POWDER-DIFFRACTION; FE SUBSTITUTION; PEROVSKITES; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1; NEUTRON; SYSTEM; FILMS AB The crystal and magnetic structures of La0.8Sr0.2Fe1-xCuxO3-w compounds, which exhibit coercive fields larger than any others reported for iron-based perovskites, have been analyzed at room temperature with the neutron powder diffraction technique and the Rietveld method of profile fitting. For x in the range 0.05-0.10 the material is monophasic with orthorhombic symmetry (space group Pnma), and crystallizes in the perovskite-like cell of LaFeO3, Fe/Cu cations occupy octahedral sites, La/Sr cations are twelve-fold coordinated. For x=0.20 the material is biphasic, with a main orthorhombic phase (space group Pnma) and a secondary rhombohedral phase with space group R-3c (hexagonal setting). The structural transition from the orthorhombic to the rhombohedral phase reduces the structural distortion of the (Fe/Cu)O-6 octahedron. The average bond distance (Fe/Cu)-O and the pseudo-cubic unit cell volume decrease with increasing Cu content in accordance with the presence of higher valence states of the transition metals. The magnetic structure was modeled for the monophasic samples (x=0.05 and 0.10) assuming an antiferromagnetic interaction between Fe/Cu neighboring cations (G-type): the magnetic moments order antiferromagnetically along the b-axis, with the spin direction along a-axis. The magnetic moments of the Fe/Cu atoms are mu(x)=2.66(3)mu(B) and 2.43(3)mu(B) for the compositions x=0.05 and 0.10, respectively. By measuring the first magnetization curve and the hysteresis loops, coexisting antiferromagnetic and weak ferromagnetic interactions were observed for all samples. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Natali Sora, Isabella; Caronna, Tullio; Fontana, Francesca] Univ Bergamo, INSTM RU, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. [Natali Sora, Isabella; Caronna, Tullio; Fontana, Francesca] Univ Bergamo, Dept Ind Engn, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. [Fernandez, Cesar de Julian; Caneschi, Andrea] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Fernandez, Cesar de Julian; Caneschi, Andrea] Univ Florence, INSTM RU Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. [Fernandez, Cesar de Julian] CNR, ISTM, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Green, Mark] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, Mark] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Natali Sora, I (reprint author), Univ Bergamo, INSTM RU, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. EM isabella.natali-sora@unibg.it RI de Julian Fernandez, Cesar/J-5678-2013; Natali Sora, Isabella/C-8357-2011; OI de Julian Fernandez, Cesar/0000-0002-6671-2743; Caneschi, Andrea/0000-0001-5535-3469 FU MIUR under the frame of the FISR project "Celle a combustibile ad elettroliti polimerici e ceramici: dimostrazione di sistemi e sviluppo di nuovi materiali"; INSTM; Regione Lombardia (Research Project "CLEAN") FX The work has been financially supported by MIUR under the frame of the FISR project "Celle a combustibile ad elettroliti polimerici e ceramici: dimostrazione di sistemi e sviluppo di nuovi materiali" and by INSTM and Regione Lombardia (Research Project "CLEAN"). The authors thank Anthony Santoro for helpful discussions, and Renato Pelosato and Ivan Grigioni for technical assistance. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 51 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 191 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2012.02.020 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 964CG UT WOS:000305670700006 ER PT J AU Behrens, E Schwarzkopf, FU Lubbecke, JF Boning, CW AF Behrens, Erik Schwarzkopf, Franziska U. Luebbecke, Joke F. Boening, Claus W. TI Model simulations on the long-term dispersal of Cs-137 released into the Pacific Ocean off Fukushima SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Fukushima; nuclear incident; radioactivity; Cs-137 release; tracer dispersion; ocean circulation; North Pacific Ocean; Kuroshio ID NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT; BLACK-SEA; DAI-ICHI; RADIONUCLIDES; RADIOTRACERS; CLIMATOLOGY; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; DEPOSITION; JAPAN AB A sequence of global ocean circulation models, with horizontal mesh sizes of 0.5 degrees, 0.25 degrees and 0.1 degrees, are used to estimate the long-term dispersion by ocean currents and mesoscale eddies of a slowly decaying tracer (half-life of 30 years, comparable to that of Cs-137) from the local waters off the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants. The tracer was continuously injected into the coastal waters over some weeks; its subsequent spreading and dilution in the Pacific Ocean was then simulated for 10 years. The simulations do not include any data assimilation, and thus, do not account for the actual state of the local ocean currents during the release of highly contaminated water from the damaged plants in March-April 2011. An ensemble differing in initial current distributions illustrates their importance for the tracer patterns evolving during the first months, but suggests a minor relevance for the large-scale tracer distributions after 2-3 years. By then the tracer cloud has penetrated to depths of more than 400 m, spanning the western and central North Pacific between 25 degrees N and 55 degrees N, leading to a rapid dilution of concentrations. The rate of dilution declines in the following years, while the main tracer patch propagates eastward across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the coastal waters of North America after about 5-6 years. Tentatively assuming a value of 10 PBq for the net Cs-137 input during the first weeks after the Fukushima incident, the simulation suggests a rapid dilution of peak radioactivity values to about 10 Bq m(-3) during the first two years, followed by a gradual decline to 1-2 Bq m(-3) over the next 4-7 years. The total peak radioactivity levels would then still be about twice the pre-Fukushima values. C1 [Behrens, Erik; Schwarzkopf, Franziska U.; Boening, Claus W.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Luebbecke, Joke F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Behrens, E (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM ebehrens@geomar.de RI Behrens, Erik/B-9631-2013; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Behrens, Erik/0000-0002-9713-7227; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR 034004 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034004 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016YH UT WOS:000309555300005 ER PT J AU Sawamura, P Vernier, JP Barnes, JE Berkoff, TA Welton, EJ Alados-Arboledas, L Navas-Guzman, F Pappalardo, G Mona, L Madonna, F Lange, D Sicard, M Godin-Beekmann, S Payen, G Wang, Z Hu, S Tripathi, SN Cordoba-Jabonero, C Hoff, RM AF Sawamura, P. Vernier, J. P. Barnes, J. E. Berkoff, T. A. Welton, E. J. Alados-Arboledas, L. Navas-Guzman, F. Pappalardo, G. Mona, L. Madonna, F. Lange, D. Sicard, M. Godin-Beekmann, S. Payen, G. Wang, Z. Hu, S. Tripathi, S. N. Cordoba-Jabonero, C. Hoff, R. M. TI Stratospheric AOD after the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano measured by lidars over the Northern Hemisphere SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nabro volcano; stratospheric AOD; lidar network ID ASIAN MONSOON TRANSPORT; RAMAN LIDAR; EYJAFJALLAJOKULL ERUPTION; AEROSOL LAYER; DISPERSION; POLLUTION; NETWORK; CLIMATE; EUROPE; CLOUD AB Nabro volcano (13.37 degrees N, 41.70 degrees E) in Eritrea erupted on 13 June 2011 generating a layer of sulfate aerosols that persisted in the stratosphere for months. For the first time we report on ground-based lidar observations of the same event from every continent in the Northern Hemisphere, taking advantage of the synergy between global lidar networks such as EARLINET, MPLNET and NDACC with independent lidar groups and satellite CALIPSO to track the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol layer in various parts of the globe. The globally averaged aerosol optical depth (AOD) due to the stratospheric volcanic aerosol layers was of the order of 0.018 +/- 0.009 at 532 nm, ranging from 0.003 to 0.04. Compared to the total column AOD from the available collocated AERONET stations, the stratospheric contribution varied from 2% to 23% at 532 nm. C1 [Sawamura, P.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Vernier, J. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Barnes, J. E.] NOAA, ESRL, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Berkoff, T. A.; Hoff, R. M.] Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Welton, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Alados-Arboledas, L.; Navas-Guzman, F.] Junta de Andalucia Univ Granada, Ctr Andaluz Medio Ambiente, Granada 18071, Spain. [Pappalardo, G.; Mona, L.; Madonna, F.] CNR, IMAA, I-85050 Potenza, Italy. [Lange, D.; Sicard, M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Remote Sensing Lab, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Lange, D.; Sicard, M.] UPC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Godin-Beekmann, S.; Payen, G.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Atmospheres, CNRS, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Wang, Z.; Hu, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Composit & Opt Radiat, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Tripathi, S. N.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Cordoba-Jabonero, C.] Inst Nacl Tecn Aerospacial, Madrid 28850, Spain. RP Sawamura, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM psawamura@umbc.edu RI Sawamura, Patricia/D-1799-2013; Sicard, Michael/K-9064-2013; Cordoba-Jabonero, Carmen/J-6331-2014; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Navas Guzman, Francisco/G-5900-2016; Tripathi, Sachchida/J-4840-2016 OI Lange, Diego/0000-0002-1185-7152; MONA, LUCIA/0000-0003-4157-0838; Sicard, Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; Cordoba-Jabonero, Carmen/0000-0003-4859-471X; Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Navas Guzman, Francisco/0000-0002-0905-4385; FU NASA; National Key Basic Research Project of China [2007FY110700]; EU; Ministry of Earth Sciences, India; Natural Environment Research Council, UK; CNRS INSU; [NNX10AR38G]; [CGL2010-18782]; [P10-RNM-6299] FX The authors would like to thank Simon Carn from the Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences at Michigan Tech for preliminary SO2 analysis. The authors would also like to acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication. Lidar work at UMBC was funded by grant NNX10AR38G (DISCOVER-AQ). The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network is funded by the NASA Earth Observing System and Radiation Sciences Program. Lidar work at the Hefei site was funded by the National Key Basic Research Project of China under Grant No. 2007FY110700. Lidar work at Universidad de Granada was funded by grants CGL2010-18782 and P10-RNM-6299. The EARLINET stations are funded by the EU FP7 Project 'ACTRIS'. SNT was supported under the program, Changing Water Cycle funded jointly by Ministry of Earth Sciences, India and Natural Environment Research Council, UK. The OHP lidar measurements are funded by CNRS INSU. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR 034013 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016YH UT WOS:000309555300014 ER PT J AU Yi, CX Rustic, G Xu, XY Wang, JX Dookie, A Wei, SH Hendrey, G Ricciuto, D Meyers, T Nagy, Z Pinter, K AF Yi, Chuixiang Rustic, Gerald Xu, Xiyan Wang, Jingxin Dookie, Anand Wei, Suhua Hendrey, George Ricciuto, Daniel Meyers, Tilden Nagy, Zoltan Pinter, Krisztina TI Climate extremes and grassland potential productivity SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate extremes; gross photosynthetic production (GPP); dryness; grasslands; perfect-deficit approach ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DROUGHT; REDUCTION; EXCHANGE; HEAT AB The considerable interannual variability (IAV) (similar to 5 PgC yr(-1)) observed in atmospheric CO2 is dominated by variability in terrestrial productivity. Among terrestrial ecosystems, grassland productivity IAV is greatest. Relationships between grassland productivity IAV and climate drivers are poorly explained by traditional multiple-regression approaches. We propose a novel method, the perfect-deficit approach, to identify climate drivers of grassland IAV from observational data. The maximum daily value of each ecological or meteorological variable for each day of the year, over the period of record, defines the 'perfect' annual curve. Deficits of these variables can be identified by comparing daily observational data for a given year against the perfect curve. Links between large deficits of ecosystem activity and extreme climate events are readily identified. We applied this approach to five grassland sites with 26 site-years of observational data. Large deficits of canopy photosynthetic capacity and evapotranspiration derived from eddy-covariance measurements, and leaf area index derived from satellite data occur together and are driven by a local-dryness index during the growing season. This new method shows great promise in using observational evidence to demonstrate how extreme climate events alter yearly dynamics of ecosystem potential productivity and exchanges with atmosphere, and shine a new light on climate-carbon feedback mechanisms. C1 [Yi, Chuixiang; Rustic, Gerald; Xu, Xiyan; Wang, Jingxin; Dookie, Anand; Wei, Suhua; Hendrey, George] CUNY, Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Yi, Chuixiang; Rustic, Gerald; Xu, Xiyan; Wei, Suhua] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Ricciuto, Daniel] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nagy, Zoltan; Pinter, Krisztina] Univ Agr Sci Godollo, Inst Bot & Ecophysiol, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. RP Yi, CX (reprint author), CUNY, Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM cyi@qc.cuny.edu RI Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Xu, Xiyan/D-2854-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016 OI Xu, Xiyan/0000-0003-2732-1325; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021 FU US National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0949637] FX CY was supported by the US National Science Foundation under grant NSF-DEB-0949637. We thank Paul Stoy for his valuable comments on the manuscript. We also thank FLUXNET site PIs for contributing data, and the agencies and institutions that funded long-term measurements at these sites. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 39 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JUL-SEP PY 2012 VL 7 IS 3 AR 035703 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/035703 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 016YH UT WOS:000309555300046 ER PT J AU Hudson, L Bateman, F Bergstrom, P Cerra, F Glover, J Minniti, R Seltzer, S Tosh, R AF Hudson, Larry Bateman, Fred Bergstrom, Paul Cerra, Frank Glover, Jack Minniti, Ronaldo Seltzer, Stephen Tosh, Ronald TI Measurements and standards for bulk-explosives detection SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurement Applications (IRRMA) / Workshop on Detection of Ionizing Radiation / Council of the International-Radiation-Physics-Society (IRPS) CY JUN 24-JUL 01, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP Kansas State Univ (KSU), Coll Engn, KSU, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, KSU, Radiat Measurement Applicat Lab, N Carolina Sate Univ, Ctr Engn Applicat Radiosotopes, Int Radiat Phys Soc (IRPS) DE Security standards; Bulk-explosives detection; Radiation safety; Technical performance; Test objects; Improvised-explosive devices AB Recent years have seen a dramatic expansion in the application of radiation and isotopes to security screening. This has been driven primarily by increased incidents involving improvised explosive devices as well as their ease of assembly and leveraged disruption of transportation and commerce. With global expenditures for security-screening systems in the hundreds of billions of dollars, there is a pressing need to develop, apply, and harmonize standards for x-ray and gamma-ray screening systems used to detect explosives and other contraband. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has been facilitating the development of standard measurement tools that can be used to gauge the technical performance (imaging quality) and radiation safety of systems used to screen luggage, persons, vehicles, cargo, and left-behind objects. After a review of this new suite of national standard test methods, test objects, and radiation-measurement protocols, we highlight some of the technical trends that are enhancing the revision of baseline standards. Finally we advocate a more intentional use of technical-performance standards by security stakeholders and outline the advantages this would accrue. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hudson, Larry; Bateman, Fred; Bergstrom, Paul; Cerra, Frank; Glover, Jack; Minniti, Ronaldo; Seltzer, Stephen; Tosh, Ronald] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, L (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 70 IS 7 SI SI BP 1037 EP 1041 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.029 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 981AN UT WOS:000306937800002 PM 22136814 ER PT J AU Seton, M Muller, RD Zahirovic, S Gaina, C Torsvik, TH Shephard, G Talsma, A Gurnis, M Turner, M Maus, S Chandler, M AF Seton, M. Mueller, R. D. Zahirovic, S. Gaina, C. Torsvik, T. H. Shephard, G. Talsma, A. Gurnis, M. Turner, M. Maus, S. Chandler, M. TI Global continental and ocean basin reconstructions since 200 Ma SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Plate reconstructions; Plate motion model; Panthalassa; Laurasia; Tethys; Gondwana ID PLATE TECTONIC RECONSTRUCTIONS; JURASSIC QUIET ZONE; SOUTH-CHINA SEA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; GEOMAGNETIC POLARITY TIMESCALE; NORTHWEST PACIFIC-OCEAN; EASTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; SPREADING MAGNETIC-ANOMALIES; EARLY CRETACEOUS EVOLUTION; WESTERN CENTRAL PACIFIC AB Global plate motion models provide a spatial and temporal framework for geological data and have been effective tools for exploring processes occurring at the earth's surface. However, published models either have insufficient temporal coverage or fail to treat tectonic plates in a self-consistent manner. They usually consider the motions of selected features attached to tectonic plates, such as continents, but generally do not explicitly account for the continuous evolution of plate boundaries through time. In order to explore the coupling between the surface and mantle, plate models are required that extend over at least a few hundred million years and treat plates as dynamic features with dynamically evolving plate boundaries. We have constructed a new type of global plate motion model consisting of a set of continuously-closing topological plate polygons with associated plate boundaries and plate velocities since the break-up of the supercontinent Pangea. Our model is underpinned by plate motions derived from reconstructing the seafloor-spreading history of the ocean basins and motions of the continents and utilizes a hybrid absolute reference frame, based on a moving hotspot model for the last 100 Ma, and a true-polar wander corrected paleomagnetic model for 200 to 100 Ma. Detailed regional geological and geophysical observations constrain plate boundary inception or cessation, and time-dependent geometry. Although our plate model is primarily designed as a reference model for a new generation of geodynamic studies by providing the surface boundary conditions for the deep earth, it is also useful for studies in disparate fields when a framework is needed for analyzing and interpreting spatio-temporal data. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seton, M.; Mueller, R. D.; Zahirovic, S.; Shephard, G.; Talsma, A.] Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, EarthByte Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Gaina, C.; Torsvik, T. H.] Geol Survey Norway, Ctr Geodynam, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Torsvik, T. H.] Univ Oslo, Sch Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Torsvik, T. H.] Norwegian Acad Sci & Letters, Ctr Adv Study, N-0271 Oslo, Norway. [Torsvik, T. H.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Geosci, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa. [Gurnis, M.; Turner, M.] CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chandler, M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Seton, M (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Geosci, EarthByte Grp, Madsen Bldg F09, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM maria.seton@sydney.edu.au RI Gaina, Carmen/I-5213-2015; OI Shephard, Grace/0000-0002-3459-4500 FU Australian Research Council [FL0992245, DP0987713] FX We thank Roi Granot and an anonymous reviewer for agreeing to review such a lengthy manuscript and for their thoughtful and careful review, which greatly improved the manuscript. We would also like to thank members of the EarthByte Group and the group at Caltech led by Michael Gurnis who have contributed over many years towards the continuous improvement of the global plate motion model and associated files. This project was funded through Australian Research Council grants FL0992245 and DP0987713. NR 417 TC 306 Z9 323 U1 22 U2 195 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 212 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.002 PG 59 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 998YO UT WOS:000308276500007 ER PT J AU Rynkun, P Jonsson, P Gaigalas, G Fischer, CF AF Rynkun, P. Jonsson, P. Gaigalas, G. Fischer, C. Froese TI Energies and E1, M1, E2, M2 transition rates for states of the 2s(2)2p, 2s2p(2), and 2p(3) configurations in boron-like ions between N III and Zn XXVI SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; BEAM-FOIL LIFETIMES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; C-II; O-IV; PROBABILITIES; PROGRAM; SILICON; BREIT AB Energies, E1, M1, E2, M2 transition rates, line strengths, oscillator strengths, and lifetimes from relativistic configuration interaction calculations are reported for the states of the (1s(2))2s(2)2p, 2s2p(2), and 2p(3) configurations in all boron-like ions between N III and Zn XXVI. Valence, core-valence, and core-core correlation effects were accounted for through single-double multireference (SD-MR) expansions to increasing sets of active orbitals. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rynkun, P.; Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Pedag Univ, Dept Phys, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Sch Technol, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rynkun, P (reprint author), Vilnius Pedag Univ, Dept Phys, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM pavel.rynkun@gmail.com RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JUL PY 2012 VL 98 IS 4 BP 481 EP 556 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2011.08.004 PG 76 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 998WR UT WOS:000308271600002 ER PT J AU Serafy, JE Cooke, SJ Diaz, GA Graves, JE Hall, M Shivji, M Swimmer, Y AF Serafy, Joseph E. Cooke, Steven J. Diaz, Guillermo A. Graves, John E. Hall, Martin Shivji, Mahmood Swimmer, Yonat TI CIRCLE HOOKS IN COMMERCIAL, RECREATIONAL, AND ARTISANAL FISHERIES: RESEARCH STATUS AND NEEDS FOR IMPROVED CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; SPINY DOGFISH; CATCH RATES; SEA-TURTLES; BY-CATCH; BYCATCH; REDUCE; MORTALITY; MARINE; MARLIN AB The intent of convening the International Symposium on Circle Hooks in Research, Management, and Conservation was to yield a contemporary, science-based assessment of the management and conservation utility of circle hooks in commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries around the globe. The symposium objective was to provide a forum for individuals, organizations, and agencies to share relevant research results and perspectives. Based on the presentations, an examination of the literature, and the collective experience and knowledge of the authors, we provide a brief overview of the current status of circle hook research along with a list of research needs, with a particular focus on science that has the potential to inform managers and stakeholders. Progress was made on the definition of a "true circle hook." There was strong recognition that circle hooks represent just one of the tools available to managers for reducing bycatch and release mortality. Also defined was the need for an integrative approach that considers strategies that complement the use of circle hooks. Some of the research needs identified include a greater emphasis on human dimension studies to identify those factors that may impede adoption of circle hook technology by stakeholders and comparative studies of circle hook performance relative to mouth morphology, dentition, and feeding behavior. While the literature on effective use of circle hooks is growing, there remains a number of unanswered questions that will require study before circle hooks are more widely adopted for conservation and management of aquatic living resources. C1 [Serafy, Joseph E.; Diaz, Guillermo A.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Graves, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23062 USA. [Hall, Martin] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Shivji, Mahmood] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 92037 USA. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM serafy@noaa.gov RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) offices of Protected Resources, Sustainable Fisheries, International Affairs, and Science and Technology; NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation and Guy Harvey Research Institute at Nova Southeastern University; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation; World Wildlife Fund; Fisheries Program; The Billfish Foundation; Ocean Smart; Florida Sea Grant; University of Miami's RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program and Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science; Tag-A-Giant FX We extend our deepest gratitude to the symposium's supporting sponsors whose contributions made every aspect of this symposium a reality. These included: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) offices of Protected Resources, Sustainable Fisheries, International Affairs, and Science and Technology; NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation and Guy Harvey Research Institute at Nova Southeastern University; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation; World Wildlife Fund, Fisheries Program; The Billfish Foundation; Ocean Smart; Florida Sea Grant; University of Miami's RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program and Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science; and Tag-A-Giant. A special thanks also to our international delegates B Chokesanguan, R Sagarminaga, and K Yokota, for helping to spread the word about our symposium to specialists in their regions. D DiCarlo superbly handled all logistics from the symposium's inception to its final execution. S Marks, D Die, I Holder, and I Diaz provided key support in symposium planning. We were assisted by numerous University of Miami graduate students and staff that helped make the event a success. Hook illustrations were produced by J Javech who worked from original diagrams kindly provided by G Sivertzen ("Dr. Hook"). Finally, we are grateful to all those who contributed papers, abstracts, and/or oral presentations their expertise, experience, and perspectives educated and inspired those who attended and will be invaluable as we face present and future challenges in fishery sustainability. NR 76 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1038 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400001 ER PT J AU Bigelow, KA Kerstetter, DW Dancho, MG Marchetti, JA AF Bigelow, Keith A. Kerstetter, David W. Dancho, Matthew G. Marchetti, Jamie A. TI CATCH RATES WITH VARIABLE STRENGTH CIRCLE HOOKS IN THE HAWAII-BASED TUNA LONGLINE FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BYCATCH; MORTALITY; TARGET; DEPTH AB The Hawaii-based deep-set longline fleet targets bigeye tuna [Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)] and infrequently takes false killer whales [FKW, Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846)] as bycatch. From 2004 to 2008 with 20%-26% observer coverage, nine mortalities of and serious injuries to FKW were documented in the deep-set fishery in the Hawaii EEZ, yielding a mean take estimate of 7.3 animals yr(-1). Weak hook technology can utilize the size disparity between target and other species to promote the release of larger non-target species. Four vessels tested the catch efficacy and size selectivity of 15/0 "strong" circle hooks (4.5 mm wire diameter) that straighten at 138 kg of pull in comparison with 15/0 "weak" (4.0 mm) that straighten at 93 kg of pull. Vessels alternated hook types throughout the longline gear and maintained a 1:1 ratio of strong and weak hooks. Observers monitored a total of 127 sets of 302,738 hooks, and randomization tests were applied to test for significant differences in catch for 22 species. There were no significant catch differences for bigeye tuna; however, there may be limitations to these inferences because trials were not conducted during spring when larger bigeye tuna are available to the fishery. There were no significant differences in mean length of 15 species. Observers collected 76 straightened hooks, of which six were control and 70 were weak hooks. There was one observation of a FKW released from a stronger circle hook. Overall, there was no statistical reduction in catch rates of bycatch species. C1 [Bigelow, Keith A.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kerstetter, David W.; Dancho, Matthew G.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Marchetti, Jamie A.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Bigelow, KA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM keith.bigelow@noaa.gov RI Kerstetter, David/I-5396-2012 FU New England Aquarium Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction; Hawaii Longline Association FX We express our appreciation to the Captains and crews of F/Vs KIMMY 1, KNOWLEDGE, LIHAU, and Miss LISA for adhering to experimental protocols. We also thank J Hall for conducting hook strength testing and the Pacific Islands Regional Observer Program for coordinating observers and maintaining data quality control. We acknowledge M McCracken for providing a computer subroutine for the randomization test. This research was partially funded by the New England Aquarium Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction and the Hawaii Longline Association provided an in-kind contribution of hooks, wire, and crimps. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments that improved the manuscript. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 425 EP 447 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1052 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400004 ER PT J AU Godin, AC Carlson, JK Burgener, V AF Godin, Aurelie C. Carlson, John K. Burgener, Valerie TI THE EFFECT OF CIRCLE HOOKS ON SHARK CATCHABILITY AND AT-VESSEL MORTALITY RATES IN LONGLINES FISHERIES SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRIONACE-GLAUCA; BLUE SHARKS; MEXICAN PACIFIC; FISHING METHODS; BY-CATCH; SEA; BYCATCH; CONSERVATION; MARINE; CAUGHT AB Circle hooks have gained recent attention as a cost-effective bycatch mitigation tool in pelagic longline fisheries, particularly for marine turtles. Over the last few years, a growing number of studies have investigated the use of circle hooks and their effects on other species, including elasmobranchs. To elucidate the potential value of circle hook use as a tool for shark conservation and management in pelagic longline fisheries, we conducted a quantitative review of all available studies to date. We compiled 15 published and eight gray literature studies and where possible used random effects meta-analysis and analysis of covariance to test the effects of circle hooks on catchability and at-vessel mortality rates. Overall, results suggest that using circle hooks on pelagic longlines do not have a major effect on shark catch rates, but do reduce at-vessel mortality compared to J-hooks. Thus circle hooks should be seen as one potential tool to help reduce bycatch mortality of sharks in longline fisheries. However, the high level of heterogeneity found between studies highlights the need for shark-specific controlled experiments to provide more definitive results. C1 [Godin, Aurelie C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Carlson, John K.] Panama City Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Godin, AC (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, 1459 Oxford St, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM godina@dal.ca FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors acknowledge funding from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and thank K Andrews (National Marine Fisheries Service) for discussions relative to data analysis and G Davenport, M Passerotti (National Marine Fisheries Service), R Davies (WWF International), and B Worm (Dalhousie University) for their advice and comments on this manuscript. NR 47 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 469 EP 483 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1054 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400006 ER PT J AU Curran, D Beverly, S AF Curran, Daniel Beverly, Steve TI EFFECTS OF 16/0 CIRCLE HOOKS ON PELAGIC FISH CATCHES IN THREE SOUTH PACIFIC ALBACORE LONGLINE FISHERIES SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TURTLE BYCATCH; SEA-TURTLES; PERFORMANCE; REDUCE; TARGET; MORTALITY; CAPTURE; MARINE; MARLIN AB The present study tested the effects of using large 16/0 circle hooks on catch rates in three pelagic longline fisheries in the South Pacific Ocean. Large (16/0) circle hooks were tested against a variety of smaller hooks already in use by longline vessels in American Samoa, Cook Islands, and New Caledonia. The majority of these fleets use a mix of hook sizes, including circle hooks that are smaller than a 16/0 circle hook. Vessels alternated hooks throughout every set, maintaining a 1:1 ratio of 16/0 circle hooks to their existing hooks. Information on catch by hook size, fish lengths, and condition at gear retrieval was collected. In total, 4912 fishes of 33 species were observed on 145,982 hooks from 67 sets. In the Cook Islands fishery, there was no significant difference in catch by hook type for two main target species, but there was an increase in catchability for swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758). In the New Caledonia fishery, there was no significant difference in catch by hook size for any species. In the American Samoa fishery, 16/0 circle hooks did not significantly affect the catch of albacore, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788), but did significantly reduce the catch of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758), dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758), and wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). For all locations, catch rates on 16/0 circle hooks were nominally lower, but not always significant for smaller pelagic species. C1 [Curran, Daniel] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Beverly, Steve] Secretariat Pacific Community, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. RP Curran, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Daniel.Curran@noaa.gov FU WPRFMC [10-WPC-002, 10-Turtle-010] FX We acknowledge the following people and organizations for their contributions to this project. In American Samoa: Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, R Tulafono, N Tuisamoa, H Vaimaona, S Kostelnik, F/V ST. MICHAEL, and K Young. In New Caledonia: Pecheries du Nord, F/V BA BY BLUE. In Cook Islands: Ministry of Marine Resources Government of the Cook Islands, P Maru, and F/V GOLD COUNTRY. Funding for this project was provided in part by WPRFMC under contracts No. 10-WPC-002 and No. 10-Turtle-010. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 485 EP 497 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1060 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400007 ER PT J AU Domingo, A Pons, M Jimenez, S Miller, P Barcelo, C Swimmer, Y AF Domingo, Andres Pons, Maite Jimenez, Sebastian Miller, Philip Barcelo, Caren Swimmer, Yonat TI CIRCLE HOOK PERFORMANCE IN THE URUGUAYAN PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; SEABIRD BYCATCH; BY-CATCH; LOGGERHEAD; TARGET; MITIGATION; MORTALITY; VIOLACEA; MARINE AB Circle hooks have been promoted as an alternative to traditional J-hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to minimize bycatch mortality and injury to sea turtles and other marine wildlife. We evaluated the effect of hook type (circle hook vs J-hook) on the catch and length composition of target and non-target species in the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery, for both American- and Spanish-style longlines. The sample unit used for comparing catches was two consecutive sections of the longline, each with a different hook type. For the American-style longline 39,822 hooks were deployed in 108 paired sections, and for the Spanish-style 45,142 hooks were deployed in 238 paired sections. The catch of albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788), was higher with circle hooks with both gears. The catch of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810), also increased with the use of circle hooks, but only with the American-style longline. A decrease was observed in the catch of pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832), with both gears, though it was significant only with the Spanish-style longline. The performance of circle hooks for other target species, such as swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758), and sharks, and for bycatch species including sea turtles and seabirds remains unclear and requires further research. C1 [Domingo, Andres; Pons, Maite; Jimenez, Sebastian; Miller, Philip; Barcelo, Caren] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Dept Recursos Pelag, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Pons, Maite; Jimenez, Sebastian; Miller, Philip; Barcelo, Caren] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina CICMAR, Canelones 15008, Uruguay. [Barcelo, Caren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Domingo, A (reprint author), Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat DINARA, Dept Recursos Pelag, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM dimanchester@gmail.com FU NOAA-NMFS-PIFSC [AB133F08SE3042]; DINARA; CICMAR FX We thank the crews and boat owners of the Uruguayan fleet, and the crew of the research vessel ALDEBARAN for their continued cooperation. This work was made possible by the Programa Nacional de Observadores de la Flota Atunera Uruguaya (PNOFA), Departamento de Recursos Pelagicos, Direccion Nacional de Recursos Acuaticos (DINARA). Thanks to PNOFA observers and colleagues from CICMAR. This work was partially funded by NOAA-NMFS-PIFSC (contract #AB133F08SE3042), DINARA, and CICMAR. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1069 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400008 ER PT J AU Epperly, SP Watson, JW Foster, DG Shah, AK AF Epperly, Sheryan P. Watson, John W. Foster, Daniel G. Shah, Arvind K. TI ANATOMICAL HOOKING LOCATION AND CONDITION OF ANIMALS CAPTURED WITH PELAGIC LONGLINES: THE GRAND BANKS EXPERIMENTS 2002-2003 SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CIRCLE HOOKS; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; RELEASE FISHERIES; CATCH RATES; SEA-TURTLES; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; BYCATCH; TARGET AB Experiments were conducted on the Grand Banks of the North Atlantic Ocean during 2002-2003 to evaluate the effect of circle hooks and mackerel bait on pelagic longline catches and bycatch, and compare the treatments to the industry standards at the time. Circle hooks were 18/0, and both non-offset and 10 offset were used as separate treatments and compared to the 9/0 J-hook control hooks with 10 degrees-30 degrees offset. Bait treatment was mackerel (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758), which was compared to the squid control (Illex spp.). We analyzed the effects of hook (one J- and two circle hooks), bait (mackerel and squid), temperature, soak time, and animal length on anatomical hooking location for seven fish species and two sea turtle species. We also analyzed the effects of the same variables, inclusive and exclusive of hooking location, on the odds of boating a dead fish. We found that hook was one of the most important variables in predicting anatomical hooking location, and that soak time and hook and/or anatomical hooking location were important in predicting the odds of observing a dead animal boatside. The importance of the other variables differed by species, and for several species no models were significant for predicting hooking location or for predicting observed mortality. C1 [Epperly, Sheryan P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Watson, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Shah, Arvind K.] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. RP Epperly, SP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Sheryan.Epperly@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 513 EP 527 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1083 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400009 ER PT J AU Foster, DG Epperly, SP Shah, AK Watson, JW AF Foster, Daniel G. Epperly, Sheryan P. Shah, Arvind K. Watson, John W. TI EVALUATION OF HOOK AND BAIT TYPE ON THE CATCH RATES IN THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CIRCLE HOOK; SEA-TURTLE; FISHING GEAR; BYCATCH; TARGET; TUNA; PERFORMANCE; MORTALITY AB Research was conducted in 2002 and 2003 by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, to investigate changes in hook design and bait type to reduce the bycatch of sea turtles on pelagic longlines in the western North Atlantic Ocean. The effectiveness of 18/0-20/0 circle hooks and 10/0 Japanese tuna hooks with squid (Illex spp.) and mackerel bait (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758) was evaluated against the industry standard 9/0 J-hooks with squid bait with respect to reducing sea turtle and shark interactions while maintaining swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758) and tuna (Thunnus spp.) catch rates. In total, 973,734 hooks were deployed during the study. Individually, circle hooks and mackerel bait significantly reduced both loggerhead [Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)] and leatherback [Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761)] sea turtle bycatch. The combination of 18/0 circle hooks with mackerel bait was even more effective for loggerhead sea turtles and had a significant increase in swordfish catch by weight. The combination 18/0 circle hooks with squid bait resulted in a significant decrease in the swordfish catch and a significant increase in the catch rate of blue shark [Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)], bluefin tuna [Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)1, and albacore tuna [Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)]. With all hook types, mackerel bait resulted in a significant decrease in blue shark, bigeye tuna [Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)], and albacore tuna, but significantly increased the catch of porbeagle [Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)] and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810). C1 [Foster, Daniel G.; Watson, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Epperly, Sheryan P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shah, Arvind K.] Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. RP Foster, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM Daniel.G.Foster@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 27 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 529 EP 545 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1081 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400010 ER PT J AU Li, Y Browder, JA Jiao, Y AF Li, Yan Browder, Joan A. Jiao, Yan TI HOOK EFFECTS ON SEABIRD BYCATCH IN THE UNITED STATES ATLANTIC PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MITIGATION MEASURES; CATCH RATES; MORTALITY; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS AB Recent studies suggest that use of circle hooks can reduce the incidental mortality of some marine fishes and sea turtles in longline fisheries. Analysis of data from the US National Marine Fisheries Service Pelagic Observer Program (POP) revealed a significant hook effect on seabird bycatch. Our analysis focused on the three areas with highest seabird bycatch, the northeast US coast (60 degrees W-71 degrees W, 35 degrees N-42 degrees N), the Middle Atlantic Bight (71 degrees W-82 degrees W, 35 degrees N-41 degrees N), and the South Atlantic Bight (71 W-82 degrees W, 30 degrees N-35 degrees N). We developed two generalized linear models to examine effects of four hook treatments, i.e., four combinations of hook type and size (8/0 J-hook, 9/0 J-hook, 16/0 circle hook, and 18/0 circle hook), on: (1) the probability of catching seabirds on a set and (2) the positive catch rate (i.e., number of seabirds per 1000 hooks in longline sets with at least one seabird caught). Results indicated that combinations of hook type and size significantly influenced the probability of catching seabirds in the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Use of the 8/0 J-hook led to the highest probability of catching a seabird. Use of circle hooks may significantly reduce seabird bycatch in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery, but its effectiveness may be confounded by other factors such as bait type, fishing location, season, and target species. Results of our study were limited by the small number of seabird captures in the POP data. C1 [Li, Yan; Jiao, Yan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Browder, Joan A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yanli08@vt.edu FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [0210510]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service National Seabird Program FX This research was supported by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch project #0210510 to Y Jiao, and a grant for Modeling Pelagic Longline Seabird Bycatch awarded to Y Jiao by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), as part of the National Marine Fisheries Service National Seabird Program. The authors are grateful to the three anonymous reviewers and guest editor) Serafy for their critique of earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1039 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400012 ER PT J AU Rice, PH Serafy, JE Snodgrass, D Prince, ED AF Rice, Patrick H. Serafy, Joseph E. Snodgrass, Derke Prince, Eric D. TI PERFORMANCE OF NON-OFFSET AND 10 degrees OFFSET 18/0 CIRCLE HOOKS IN THE UNITED STATES PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SHANK J HOOKS; RELEASE FISHERIES; MORTALITY; BILLFISH; SURVIVAL; CAUGHT; TUNA AB Industry standard fishing hooks used prior to 2004 during US commercial pelagic longline (PLL) fishing were the 8/0-10/0 J-hooks with a 20 degrees-25 degrees offset-a lateral deviation of the hook point relative to the hook shaft. However, federal regulations enacted in 2004 require the US PLL industry to employ circle hooks allowing up to 10 degrees offset during fishing operations. Until recently, there have been no studies directly comparing the performance of non-offset and 10 degrees offset circle hooks in commercial PLL applications. Our study alternated non-offset and 10 degrees offset circle hooks along the gear length on individual PLL deployments in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Windward Passage in the Caribbean Sea. The study compared the relative performance of both hook types in terms of: (1) catch rates, (2) percent mortality, and (3) the percentage of deep-hooked target and bycatch species. For swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758), several experiments indicate: (1) marginally higher catch rates, (2) significantly lower mortality, and (3) significantly less deep hooking on non-offset than 100 offset circle hooks. Most of the performance differences for blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacepede, 1802, were insignificant; however, one study produced significantly higher mortality on 10 degrees offset than non-offset circle hooks. The present study suggests that, relative to non-offset circle hooks, 10 degrees offset circle hooks may reduce fishing efficiency and can counteract the conservation benefits commonly associated with circle hooks (e.g., lower mortality). However, additional research is required to assess the effects of offset hooks on tunas, billfishes, and elasmobranchs. C1 [Rice, Patrick H.] Florida Keys Community Coll, Key West, FL 33040 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.; Snodgrass, Derke; Prince, Eric D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Rice, PH (reprint author), Florida Keys Community Coll, 5901 Coll Rd, Key West, FL 33040 USA. EM Patrick.Rice@fkcc.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; University of Miami Billfish Research Initiative; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Science (CIMAS) FX We thank Blue Water Fisherman's Association for working with us to identify commercial pelagic longline fishing vessels and for acting as liaison between us and the fishing vessels used during the Cooperative Research Project portion of this study. We also thank V Pyle, G O'Niel, and the crew of the F/V CAROL ANN, which was used during the Windward Passage research crises. We also thank NOAA Fisheries, the University of Miami Billfish Research Initiative, and Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Science (CIMAS) for providing funding for this project. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 571 EP 587 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1095 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400013 ER PT J AU Richards, PM Epperly, SP Watson, JW Foster, DG Bergmann, CE Beideman, NR AF Richards, Paul M. Epperly, Sheryan P. Watson, John W. Foster, Daniel G. Bergmann, Charles E. Beideman, Nelson R. TI CAN CIRCLE HOOK OFFSET COMBINED WITH BAITING TECHNIQUE AFFECT CATCH AND BYCATCH IN PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERIES? SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; WHITE MARLIN; SEA-TURTLES; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; FISHING GEAR; MORTALITY; RELEASE; RATES; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Circle hooks have become a standard requirement in many commercial longline fisheries in the United States, and are used increasingly worldwide. Circle hooks, when compared to J-hooks, are thought to reduce bycatch without significantly decreasing (and possibly increasing) catch of most target species. Circle hook offset and baiting technique are also thought to influence bycatch and mortality of species of concern, such as sea turtles and billfishes. We compared non-offset circle hooks to those with a 10 degrees offset and single or threaded baiting techniques in the United States Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico pelagic longline fishery. Offset and/or baiting techniques were compared within sets targeting one of three species independently: swordfish, Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758, yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788), and bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839). Most comparisons of catch and bycatch did not differ between gears or techniques. In swordfish-directed sets, we found a 46% decline in catch of Atlantic sailfish when using 18/0 non-offset circle hooks single baited with mackerel compared to 18/0 10 offset circle hooks with threaded mackerel. In yellowfin tuna sets, single baiting significantly decreased target catch by 22% and escolar catch by 28%, compared to threaded baiting. We detected no significant effect of any of the offset or baiting treatments on the bycatch of sea turtles and most other species of concern due to the rarity of capture events. We conclude, in part, that bycatch mitigation research in other fisheries with larger detrimental population level impacts to species of concern may potentially yield greater conservation benefits. C1 [Richards, Paul M.; Epperly, Sheryan P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Watson, John W.; Foster, Daniel G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Bergmann, Charles E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Richards, PM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM paul.richards@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Research Program [NA04NMF4540212] FX We thank the fishers, observers, and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center Pelagic Observer Program that made this research possible. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Research Program, project NA04NMF4540212. We thank the organizers of the International Symposium on Circle Hooks, J Serafy and G Diaz; their encouragement and enthusiasm are infectious. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 589 EP 603 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1085 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400014 ER PT J AU Serafy, JE Orbesen, ES Snodgrass, DJG Beerkircher, LR Walter, JF AF Serafy, Joseph E. Orbesen, Eric S. Snodgrass, Derke J. G. Beerkircher, Lawrence R. Walter, John F. TI HOOKING SURVIVAL OF FISHES CAPTURED BY THE UNITED STATES ATLANTIC PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY: IMPACT OF THE 2004 CIRCLE HOOK RULE SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CATCH-AND-RELEASE; SHARK BYCATCH; WHITE MARLIN; MORTALITY; BLUE; TARGET; GEAR; TUNA AB We examine the impact on pelagic fish hooking survival rates (defined as the proportion of fish alive upon gear retrieval) of the rapid switch from J-hooks to circle hooks that was required of the US pelagic longline fishery operating in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico after August 2004. Our focus was on 12 fish taxa that are commonly caught as bycatch or retained for the market, and for which individual disposition (live or dead) information was available from 1992 to 2010. To test the hypothesis of no change in survival before vs after the circle hook rule went into effect, we utilized a repeated measures logistic regression approach which accounted for variation in several operational, environmental, and biological covariates, including bait, fishery target, fishing zone, soak duration, water temperature, maximum fishing depth, and fish size (length). For white marlin and albacore, results were mixed, with both increases and decreases in hooking survival varying by fishing zone. For blue shark and lancetfish, no significant differences in hooking survival were detected between the pre- and post-circle hook rule time periods. However, for the remaining eight taxa (swordfish, yellowfin tuna, dolphinfish, bigeye tuna, escolar, silky shark, blue marlin, and sailfish), significant increases in survival were evident. Our results are generally consistent with previous experimental and fishery observer longline studies which suggested circle hook use has the potential to increase hooking survival. Results imply that the 2004 circle hook rule has provided increased opportunities for: (1) live release for several bycatch species; and (2) improved quality (and perhaps prices) of targeted and incidentally-caught taxa that are retained for the market. C1 [Serafy, Joseph E.; Orbesen, Eric S.; Snodgrass, Derke J. G.; Beerkircher, Lawrence R.; Walter, John F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serafy, JE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM joe.serafy@noaa.gov FU US National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank K Keene and S Cushner for their technical assistance with SEFSC Pelagic Observer Program data used in the present study. This research was supported by the US National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 605 EP 621 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1080 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400015 ER PT J AU Patterson, WF Porch, CE Tarnecki, JH Strelcheck, AJ AF Patterson, William F., III Porch, Clay E. Tarnecki, Joseph H. Strelcheck, Andrew J. TI EFFECT OF CIRCLE HOOK SIZE ON REEF FISH CATCH RATES, SPECIES COMPOSITION, AND SELECTIVITY IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO RECREATIONAL FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; RED SNAPPER; SOUTH-CAROLINA; PERFORMANCE; RELEASE; MODEL; AGE; MORTALITY; BYCATCH; IMPACT AB The effect of circle hook size on reef fish catch rates, species composition, and selectivity was tested in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery. Fish communities first were sampled at natural (n = 19) and artificial (n = 23) reefs with a micro remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a laser scale. Fishing experiments (n = 69) then were conducted with 9/0, 12/0, and 15/0 circle hooks. Hook size significantly affected fish catch rates, species composition, and size. Small invertivore fishes constituted 33.4% of the catch taken with 9/0 hooks, but were nearly absent from the catch made with larger hook sizes. In contrast, red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860), constituted only 25.3% of fishery species total abundance in video samples, but ranged from 59.1% of the 9/0 hook catch to nearly 90% for 15/0 hooks. A novel maximum likelihood approach was developed to estimate exponential-logistic selectivity functions for each hook size from ROV-based estimates of red snapper size distributions and observed hook-specific catch at size. Both the 9/0 and 12/0 hooks displayed dome-shaped selectivity functions, while the 15/0 hook size was estimated to have a logistic-shaped function. However, observed catch-at-size data displayed a dome-shaped pattern for 15/0 catches when paired with 9/0 hooks, but an indistinct pattern when paired with 12/0 hooks. Overall, study results suggest that regulating circle hook size would affect reef fish catch rates and size in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery, but potential conservation benefits may be confounded by unintended effects. C1 [Patterson, William F., III; Tarnecki, Joseph H.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Patterson, William F., III; Tarnecki, Joseph H.] Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Porch, Clay E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Strelcheck, Andrew J.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Patterson, WF (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM wpatterson@disl.org FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Cooperative Research Program [NA09NMF4540137] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service's Cooperative Research Program (NA09NMF4540137 to WFP). We are grateful to charter boat captains S Wilson, S Kelley, G Jarvis, and J Greene, and their crews who provided access to their fishing vessels and considerable help in the field. We also acknowledge the considerable help provided by J Neese, H Moncrief, R Scharer, M Norberg, J Flynn, and numerous volunteer anglers for their help in the fishing experiment portion of the study. Lastly, we thank D Nieland and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved an earlier version of the paper. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 647 EP 665 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1086 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400018 ER PT J AU Stokes, LW Epperly, SP McCarthy, KJ AF Stokes, Lesley W. Epperly, Sheryan P. McCarthy, Kevin J. TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOOK TYPE AND HOOKING LOCATION IN SEA TURTLES INCIDENTALLY CAPTURED IN THE UNITED STATES ATLANTIC PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CARETTA-CARETTA; CIRCLE HOOKS; RELEASE FISHERIES; FISHING GEAR; LOGGERHEAD; MORTALITY; CATCH; BYCATCH; PERFORMANCE AB Because incidental capture in pelagic longline fishing gear potentially kills or injures thousands of sea turtles annually, solutions to reduce the frequency and mortality rate of these interactions are critical conservation priorities. Understanding factors that affect post-hooking mortality rates remains an important component to evaluating the population-level impact of these interactions. Post-release mortality may be dependent upon the nature of the interaction (hooking location and/or entanglement) and amount of gear remaining at release. Hooking location can impact the ability of the crew to remove gear, as deeply ingested hooks cannot be removed safely. We examined the effects of hook type (circle vs J-hooks), offset (degrees), and other factors on hooking location in leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), and loggerhead, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), sea turtles incidentally captured from 2000 to 2010 using fishery observer data. Significant differences in hooking location in loggerheads were observed between offset J-hooks and non-offset and 10 degrees offset circle hooks; loggerheads were most often mouth/beak hooked with circle hooks, whereas most had swallowed offset J-hooks. Greater offsets appear to increase the frequency of deeply ingested hooks. Leatherback sea turtles were predominately externally hooked regardless of hook type, but mouth hookings occurred significantly more often on non-offset (0 degrees) circle and J-hooks than on 10 degrees offset circle hooks. When combined with outreach and education on careful release protocols, the use of circle hooks may increase post-interaction survival by modifying hooking location and facilitating maximum gear removal. C1 [Stokes, Lesley W.; Epperly, Sheryan P.; McCarthy, Kevin J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Stokes, LW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Lesley.Stokes@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 703 EP 718 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1074 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400021 ER PT J AU Cass-Calay, SL Walter, JF Schirripa, MJ AF Cass-Calay, Shannon L. Walter, John F. Schirripa, Michael J. TI USING A STOCK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK TO EXAMINE CIRCLE HOOKS: EXPLORING CHANGES IN CATCHABILITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; RELEASE FISHERIES; CATCH; PERFORMANCE; BYCATCH; MARLIN; TARGET AB A presumed conservation benefit of circle hooks is that they reduce catchability (q) and therefore bycatch of non-target species. While these changes may benefit a fish stock, they are difficult to incorporate in a stock assessment context, particularly for models that rely on fishery-dependent data, because few experiments exist that quantify the effects of circle hooks for a given species over appropriately large spatial scales. Consequently, to develop management advice, it may be necessary to model assumed changes in q within the adopted stock assessment model framework. Here we present a case study of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839), a highly migratory species managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), and explore the management implications of changes in q within a multi-fleet, age-structured assessment context. This study demonstrates that changes in q on the order of +/- 30% are sufficient to cause notable differences in the magnitude of common management reference points estimated by stock assessment models. Relative to a base model that assumed a constant q, models that incorporated a theoretical reduction in q produced higher estimates of spawning stock biomass and maximum sustainable yield, and lower estimates of fishing mortality while a theoretical increase in q had the opposite effect. The magnitude of the change was dependent on the number of fisheries affected. We conclude that carefully designed studies are essential to quantify the effects of a proposed gear change and to inform the appropriate parameterization of stock assessment models. C1 [Cass-Calay, Shannon L.; Walter, John F.; Schirripa, Michael J.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Cass-Calay, SL (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Shannon.Calay@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 745 EP 754 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1070 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400024 ER PT J AU Walter, JF Orbesen, ES Liese, C Serafy, JE AF Walter, John F. Orbesen, Eric S. Liese, Christopher Serafy, Joseph E. TI CAN CIRCLE HOOKS IMPROVE WESTERN ATLANTIC SAILFISH, ISTIOPHORUS PLATYPTERUS, POPULATIONS? SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHANK J HOOKS; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RELEASE FISHERIES; WHITE MARLIN; BILLFISH; MORTALITY; BYCATCH; CAUGHT; MODEL AB Although many uncertainties surround the status of western Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792), stock size (B) is considered below and fishing mortality rate (F) above the targets that would allow maximum sustainable yield (MSY). One means of improving status is to implement live-release policies and to employ circle hooks to increase release survival. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a switch to circle hooks to achieve population-level B-MSY and F-MSY targets. First, we evaluated the scope that exists to employ circle hooks and adopt live-release policies. Second, we decremented recent landings by the reductions that could be achieved through live release and increase in survival between circle hooks and traditional J-hooks. Third, we projected these landings in the Bayesian surplus production model. Assuming that landings in the non-release fleets remain constant, the current percentages of circle hooks (approximately 25%) and live release (approximately 2596) could reduce landings by 7%-8%. This measure alone would have less than a one percentage point increase in probability of improving status. With maximum practicable live release of around 50%, because many fleets market sailfish, and 100% circle hook use, landings could be reduced by 13%-23%. This would only have a 0.42-1.36 and 0.45-2.56 percentage point increase in the probability of meeting biomass and fishing mortality targets, respectively. While circle hooks can be a useful tool to convert landed fish to live releases, they are unlikely to meet current targets for western Atlantic sailfish unless combined with other management that would reduce overall landings. C1 [Walter, John F.; Orbesen, Eric S.; Liese, Christopher; Serafy, Joseph E.] US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Walter, JF (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 755 EP 770 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1072 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400025 ER PT J AU Wilson, JA Diaz, GA AF Wilson, Jacqueline A. Diaz, Guillermo A. TI AN OVERVIEW OF CIRCLE HOOK USE AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN UNITED STATES MARINE FISHERIES SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; WHITE MARLIN; SURVIVAL AB We provide an overview of the use of, and management measures for, circle hooks in various marine fisheries of the United States. Circle hooks have long been known for their conservation benefits, such as reducing deep hooking, and therefore, reducing post-release mortality associated with this event. Some US commercial pelagic longline vessels voluntarily started using circle hooks due to increased catch rates for some target species and increased post-release survival of non-target species, whereas recreational anglers began using circle hooks to reduce post-release mortality in catch-and-release fisheries. Despite previous voluntary circle hook use, circle hooks have been a relatively new fishery management tool in US state and federal fisheries. However, the difference in jurisdiction between state and federal waters has resulted in some disparity in state and federal circle hook regulations. In general, consistent management regulations between state and federal waters should be more beneficial for fish stocks that have both state and federal fisheries. Finally, while state and federal circle hook regulations are documented, voluntary circle hook use by commercial and recreational fishers participating in different state and federal fisheries is more difficult to characterize. Thus, overall circle hook use is difficult to quantify. C1 [Wilson, Jacqueline A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highly Migratory Species Management Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Diaz, Guillermo A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wilson, JA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highly Migratory Species Management Div, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jackie.Wilson@noaa.gov FU HMS Management Division; Office of Science and Technology of NMFS FX We thank the staff of various state and federal fishery agencies who took the time and effort to help clarify and verify circle hook regulations for commercial and recreational marine fisheries around the United States. We are also grateful to those that helped characterize the voluntary use of circle hooks by commercial fishers and recreational anglers. We thank P Cooper for help with maps and manuscript preparation and M Schulze-Haugen, K Brewster-Geisz, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and criticisms during the development of the manuscript. This work was funded by the HMS Management Division and Office of Science and Technology of NMFS. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 3 BP 771 EP 788 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1061 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 986DF UT WOS:000307320400026 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Elliott, JT Halter, M Bhadriraju, K Tona, A Spurlin, TA Middlebrooks, BL Baatz, JE Warr, GW Plant, AL AF Mancia, Annalaura Elliott, John T. Halter, Michael Bhadriraju, Kiran Tona, Alessandro Spurlin, Tighe A. Middlebrooks, Bobby L. Baatz, John E. Warr, Gregory W. Plant, Anne L. TI Quantitative methods to characterize morphological properties of cell lines SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE cell line; quantitative biology; cell phenotype; morphology; cell volume distribution; population dynamics ID BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; C PROMOTER ACTIVITY; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; STEM-CELLS; TISSUES; TOXICITY; GROWTH AB Descriptive terms are often used to characterize cells in culture, but the use of nonquantitative and poorly defined terms can lead to ambiguities when comparing data from different laboratories. Although recently there has been a good deal of interest in unambiguous identification of cell lines via their genetic markers, it is also critical to have definitive, quantitative metrics to describe cell phenotypic characteristics. Quantitative metrics of cell phenotype will aid the comparison of data from experiments performed at different times and in different laboratories where influences such as the age of the population and differences in culture conditions or protocols can potentially affect cellular metabolic state and gene expression in the absence of changes in the genetic profile. Here, we present examples of robust methodologies for quantitatively assessing characteristics of cell morphology and cellcell interactions, and of growth rates of cells within the population. We performed these analyses with endothelial cell lines derived from dolphin, bovine and human, and with a mouse fibroblast cell line. These metrics quantify some characteristics of these cells lines that clearly distinguish them from one another, and provide quantitative information on phenotypic changes in one of the cell lines over large number of passages. Published 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 10691078, 2012 C1 [Elliott, John T.; Halter, Michael; Bhadriraju, Kiran; Tona, Alessandro; Spurlin, Tighe A.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura; Baatz, John E.; Warr, Gregory W.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mancia, Annalaura] Univ Ferrara, Dept Biol & Evolut, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Tona, Alessandro] SAIC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Middlebrooks, Bobby L.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Warr, Gregory W.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Mol & Cellular Biosci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.plant@nist.gov RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013; OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530; Baatz, John/0000-0001-5870-1000 FU National Science Foundation FX This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation. Any opinion, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1069 EP 1078 DI 10.1002/btpr.1564 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 984VQ UT WOS:000307220900022 PM 22619183 ER PT J AU Dlugogorski, BZ Kennedy, EM Gann, RG AF Dlugogorski, Bogdan Z. Kennedy, Eric M. Gann, Richard G. TI Introduction to this Special Issue SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dlugogorski, Bogdan Z.; Kennedy, Eric M.] Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Gann, Richard G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dlugogorski, BZ (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM Bogdan.Dlugogorski@newcastle.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 547 EP 547 DI 10.1007/s10694-010-0195-4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 985EJ UT WOS:000307245900001 ER PT J AU Ghassemi, P Lemaillet, P Germer, TA Shupp, JW Venna, SS Boisvert, ME Flanagan, KE Jordan, MH Ramella-Roman, JC AF Ghassemi, Pejhman Lemaillet, Paul Germer, Thomas A. Shupp, Jeffrey W. Venna, Suraj S. Boisvert, Marc E. Flanagan, Katherine E. Jordan, Marion H. Ramella-Roman, Jessica C. TI Out-of-plane Stokes imaging polarimeter for early skin cancer diagnosis SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Stokes imaging polarimeter; rough surface scattering; benign nevi; melanocytic nevus; melanoma ID POLARIZED-LIGHT; IN-VIVO; TISSUES; LESIONS; SCATTERING; MELANOMA; SURFACE; DEFECTS; PHANTOM; DESIGN AB Optimal treatment of skin cancer before it metastasizes critically depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Imaging spectroscopy and polarized remittance have been utilized in the past for diagnostic purposes, but valuable information can be also obtained from the analysis of skin roughness. For this purpose, we have developed an out-of-plane hemispherical Stokes imaging polarimeter designed to monitor potential skin neoplasia based on a roughness assessment of the epidermis. The system was utilized to study the rough surface scattering for wax samples and human skin. The scattering by rough skin-simulating phantoms showed behavior that is reasonably described by a facet scattering model. Clinical tests were conducted on patients grouped as follows: benign nevi, melanocytic nevus, melanoma, and normal skin. Images were captured and analyzed, and polarization properties are presented in terms of the principal angle of the polarization ellipse and the degree of polarization. In the former case, there is separation between different groups of patients for some incidence azimuth angles. In the latter, separation between different skin samples for various incidence azimuth angles is observed. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.076014] C1 [Ghassemi, Pejhman; Lemaillet, Paul; Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ghassemi, Pejhman; Shupp, Jeffrey W.; Venna, Suraj S.; Boisvert, Marc E.; Flanagan, Katherine E.; Jordan, Marion H.] Washington Hosp Ctr, MedStar Hlth Res Inst, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Ramella-Roman, JC (reprint author), Pangborn Hall 105B,620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM ramella@cua.edu NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 17 IS 7 AR 076014 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.076014 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 995EA UT WOS:000307989500041 PM 22894497 ER PT J AU Blewett, DT Cahill, JTS Nguyen, NV Lawrence, SJ Denevi, BW Coman, EI AF Blewett, David T. Cahill, Joshua T. S. Nguyen, Nhan V. Lawrence, Samuel J. Denevi, Brett W. Coman, Ecaterina I. TI OXIDATION OF IRON METAL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LABORATORY AND REMOTELY SENSED SPECTRA OF PLANETARY MATERIALS SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 75th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 12-17, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Meteorit Soc, Australian Natl Univ, Australian Sci Instruments, Barringer Crater Co, Cameca, Australian Govt, Dept Ind, Innovat Sci, Res & Tertiary Educ, IMCA, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Lunar & Planetary Inst, NASA, Planetary Studies Fdn, ThermoFisher Sci C1 [Blewett, David T.; Cahill, Joshua T. S.; Denevi, Brett W.; Coman, Ecaterina I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Nguyen, Nhan V.] Natl Inst Stand & Tech, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lawrence, Samuel J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. EM da-vid.blewett@jhuapl.edu RI Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012 OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP A75 EP A75 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 987AV UT WOS:000307389700042 ER PT J AU Mulholland, MR Bernhardt, PW Blanco-Garcia, JL Mannino, A Hyde, K Mondragon, E Turk, K Moisander, PH Zehr, JP AF Mulholland, M. R. Bernhardt, P. W. Blanco-Garcia, J. L. Mannino, A. Hyde, K. Mondragon, E. Turk, K. Moisander, P. H. Zehr, J. P. TI Rates of dinitrogen fixation and the abundance of diazotrophs in North American coastal waters between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; N-2 FIXATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TRICHODESMIUM CYANOBACTERIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; FRESH-WATER; RIVER PLUME AB We coupled dinitrogen (N-2) fixation rate estimates with molecular biological methods to determine the activity and abundance of diazotrophs in coastal waters along the temperate North American Mid-Atlantic continental shelf during multiple seasons and cruises. Volumetric rates of N-2 fixation were as high as 49.8 nmol N L-1 d(-1) and areal rates as high as 837.9 mu mol N m(-2) d(-1) in our study area. Our results suggest that N-2 fixation occurs at high rates in coastal shelf waters that were previously thought to be unimportant sites of N-2 fixation and so were excluded from calculations of pelagic marine N-2 fixation. Unicellular N-2-fixing group A cyanobacteria were the most abundant diazotrophs in the Atlantic coastal waters and their abundance was comparable to, or higher than, that measured in oceanic regimes where they were discovered. High rates of N-2 fixation and the high abundance of diazotrophs along the North American Mid-Atlantic continental shelf highlight the need to revise marine N budgets to include coastal N-2 fixation. Integrating areal rates of N-2 fixation over the continental shelf area between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia, the estimated N-2 fixation in this temperate shelf system is about 0.02 Tmol N yr(-1), the amount previously calculated for the entire North Atlantic continental shelf. Additional studies should provide spatially, temporally, and seasonally resolved rate estimates from coastal systems to better constrain N inputs via N-2 fixation from the neritic zone. C1 [Mulholland, M. R.; Bernhardt, P. W.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Blanco-Garcia, J. L.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA USA. [Mannino, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hyde, K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. [Mondragon, E.; Turk, K.; Moisander, P. H.; Zehr, J. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Mulholland, MR (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM mmulholl@odu.edu RI Zehr, Jonathan/B-3513-2014; Mannino, Antonio/I-3633-2014; Mulholland, Margaret/E-8480-2011 OI Zehr, Jonathan/0000-0002-5691-5408; Mulholland, Margaret/0000-0001-8819-189X FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Center for Innovative Technology; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Hugh R. Sharp and the R/V Delaware II for assistance during field sampling. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Center for Innovative Technology, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to MRM; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to MRM and AM; and grants from the NSF and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to JPZ. We thank the associate editor and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 48 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1067 EP 1083 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1067 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 985LY UT WOS:000307269300014 ER PT J AU Krause, JW Brzezinski, MA Villareal, TA Wilson, C AF Krause, Jeffrey W. Brzezinski, Mark A. Villareal, Tracy A. Wilson, Cara TI Increased kinetic efficiency for silicic acid uptake as a driver of summer diatom blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; SARGASSO SEA; BIOGENIC SILICA; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; THERMOHALINE INTRUSIONS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PRODUCTION-RATES; MARINE DIATOMS; FRONTAL ZONE AB We examined Si limitation of silica production as a factor contributing to summer-bloom dynamics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG). Substrate limitation of Si uptake was pervasive, but in most samples the degree of Si limitation was not severe enough to induce growth limitation as observed in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. These results revise previous interpretations, because the difference in the degree of kinetic limitation between gyres appears to be driven by differences in both substrate and kinetic efficiency. In the NPSG, diatom bloom assemblages tended to show more efficient Si-uptake kinetics and higher Si-uptake rates than did nonbloom assemblages. A bloom dominated by Mastogloia woodiana exhibited the most efficient Si-uptake kinetics observed in the ocean to date. Enhanced kinetic efficiency for Si uptake was previously hypothesized to facilitate bloom development, but we suggest the efficient kinetics indirectly affects blooms because [Si(OH)(4)] does not appear to limit growth or division rates. Rather, efficient kinetics allows further depletion of the prevailing low [Si(OH)(4)] without inducing secondary growth limitation by Si, thereby maximizing biomass yield. Si-uptake limitation was not detected in the lower euphotic zone despite similar [Si(OH)(4)] as in well-lit waters, which suggests transition to light limitation of Si uptake with depth. These results suggest that enhanced silica production in the M. woodiana bloom was driven by a synergy between diatom species composition, where M. woodiana was highly efficient at Si uptake, and high irradiance, which lead to enhanced diatom division rates in the upper euphotic zone. C1 [Krause, Jeffrey W.; Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Wilson, Cara] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Wilson, Cara] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Krause, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jeffrey.krause@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012; Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 FU National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences [OCE-0648130, OCE-0726726, OCE-0094591] FX We thank J. Jones, E. Allman, C. Beucher, C. Brown, V. Franck, J. Goodman, A. Pyle, K. Rogers, K. Swanson, and S. Vega for logistical and technical assistance, M. Church and S. Duhamel for data access, the Captain, resident technicians, and crew of the R/V Kilo Moana for assistance at sea and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This work was funded by National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences grants OCE-0648130 awarded to MAB, and OCE-0726726 and OCE-0094591 awarded to TAV. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1098 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1084 PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 985LY UT WOS:000307269300015 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Fulton, MH AF DeLorenzo, Marie E. Fulton, Michael H. TI Comparative risk assessment of permethrin, chlorothalonil, and diuron to coastal aquatic species SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Risk assessment; Acute toxicity; Pesticides; Estuarine species ID 3 LIFE STAGES; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; GRASS SHRIMP; ANTIFOULING BIOCIDES; INSECTICIDE PERMETHRIN; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; ACUTE TOXICITY; MARINE; PESTICIDES; CHLORPYRIFOS AB The precise application of risk assessment can lead to different conclusions about risk depending on how species are grouped in the assessment. We compared the use of different risk assessment methods for three different classes of pesticide, the herbicide diuron, the fungicide chlorothalonil, and the insecticide permethrin for marine and estuarine species. Permethrin was the most toxic pesticide to marine and estuarine crustaceans. Diuron was the most toxic pesticide to algae, and chlorothalonil was most toxic to early life stages of molluscs and other invertebrates. Toxicity data (96 h LC50/EC50 values) were analyzed using a probability distribution on the ranked toxicity values and 10th centile values were calculated based on different groups of species and for all species combined. Our results indicate that an assessment of risk based on smaller taxonomic groups can be informative, especially for pesticides of less specific modes of action such as chlorothalonil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [DeLorenzo, Marie E.; Fulton, Michael H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 64 IS 7 BP 1291 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.011 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 983UA UT WOS:000307143000017 PM 22682878 ER PT J AU Xiang, SC He, YB Zhang, ZJ Wu, H Zhou, W Krishna, R Chen, BL AF Xiang, Shengchang He, Yabing Zhang, Zhangjing Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Krishna, Rajamani Chen, Banglin TI Microporous metal-organic framework with potential for carbon dioxide capture at ambient conditions SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS; CO2 CAPTURE; ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM; HIGH-PRESSURES; HIGH-CAPACITY; CU-BTC; SITES; SEPARATION; PORES; STORAGE AB Carbon dioxide capture and separation are important industrial processes that allow the use of carbon dioxide for the production of a range of chemical products and materials, and to minimize the effects of carbon dioxide emission. Porous metal-organic frameworks are promising materials to achieve such separations and to replace current technologies, which use aqueous solvents to chemically absorb carbon dioxide. Here we show that a metal-organic frameworks (UTSA-16) displays high uptake (160 cm(3) cm(-3)) of CO2 at ambient conditions, making it a potentially useful adsorbent material for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture and biogas stream purification. This has been further confirmed by simulated breakthrough experiments. The high storage capacities and selectivities of UTSA-16 for carbon dioxide capture are attributed to the optimal pore cages and the strong binding sites to carbon dioxide, which have been demonstrated by neutron diffraction studies. C1 [Xiang, Shengchang; He, Yabing; Zhang, Zhangjing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xiang, Shengchang; Zhang, Zhangjing] Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Banglin.Chen@utsa.edu RI He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012; Zhang, Zhangjing/P-2680-2014 OI Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530; Zhang, Zhangjing/0000-0003-1264-7648 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; Award 'Min-Jiang Scholar Program' in Fujian Province, China FX This work was supported by the Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (B.C.) and the Award 'Min-Jiang Scholar Program' in Fujian Province, China (S.X.). NR 60 TC 269 Z9 269 U1 37 U2 300 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 3 AR 954 DI 10.1038/ncomms1956 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981UA UT WOS:000306995000026 PM 22805561 ER PT J AU Dziak, RP Haxel, JH Bohnenstiehl, DR Chadwick, WW Nooner, SL Fowler, MJ Matsumoto, H Butterfield, DA AF Dziak, R. P. Haxel, J. H. Bohnenstiehl, D. R. Chadwick, W. W., Jr. Nooner, S. L. Fowler, M. J. Matsumoto, H. Butterfield, D. A. TI Seismic precursors and magma ascent before the April 2011 eruption at Axial Seamount SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; SEA-FLOOR; SURFACE DEFORMATION; KRAFLA VOLCANO; NORTH ICELAND; DIKE; INTRUSION; DEFLATION; CYCLE AB Volcanoes at spreading centres on land often exhibit seismicity and ground inflation months to years before an eruption, caused by a gradual influx of magma to the source reservoir(1-4). Deflation and seismicity can occur on time scales of hours to days, and result from the injection of magma into adjacent rift zones(5-8). Volcanoes at submarine rift zones, such as Axial Seamount in the northeast Pacific Ocean, have exhibited similar behaviour(9-12), but a direct link between seismicity, seafloor deformation and magma intrusion has never been demonstrated. Here we present recordings from ocean-bottom hydrophones and an established array of bottom-pressure recorders that reveal patterns of both microearthquakes and seafloor deformation at Axial Seamount on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, before it erupted in April 2011. Our observations show that the rate of seismicity increased steadily during a period of several years, leading up to an intrusion and eruption of magma that began on 6 April 2011. We also detected a sudden increase in seismo-acoustic energy about 2.6 h before the eruption began. Our data indicate that access to real-time seismic data, projected to be available in the near future, might facilitate short-term forecasting and provide sufficient lead-time to prepare in situ instrumentation before future intrusion and eruption events. C1 [Dziak, R. P.; Haxel, J. H.; Chadwick, W. W., Jr.; Fowler, M. J.; Matsumoto, H.] Oregon State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, HMSC, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Bohnenstiehl, D. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nooner, S. L.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10603 USA. [Butterfield, D. A.] Univ Washington, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, HMSC, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 FU NOAA Vents Program; National Science Foundation [OCE-0725605]; Pacific Marine Environmental Lab's Engineering Development Division FX This work was supported by the NOAA Vents Program, the National Science Foundation (grant OCE-0725605), with support from the Pacific Marine Environmental Lab's Engineering Development Division. The authors wish to thank T-K. Lau for development of the analysis software and J. Braunmiller for discussions regarding earthquake relocation. Outstanding logistical support for this work was provided by the crews of RV Atlantis, RV Thompson and ROV Jason. PMEL contribution number 3793. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 5 IS 7 BP 478 EP 482 DI 10.1038/ngeo1490 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 983DM UT WOS:000307098400017 ER PT J AU Dobbs, MA Lueker, M Aird, KA Bender, AN Benson, BA Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clarke, J Crawford, TM Crites, AT Flanigan, DI de Haan, T George, EM Halverson, NW Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Johnson, BR Joseph, J Keisler, R Kennedy, J Kermish, Z Lanting, TM Lee, AT Leitch, EM Luong-Van, D McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Montroy, TE Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Richards, PL Ruh, JE Schaffer, KK Schwan, D Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vu, C Westbrook, B Williamson, R AF Dobbs, M. A. Lueker, M. Aird, K. A. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. -M. Clarke, J. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Flanigan, D. I. de Haan, T. George, E. M. Halverson, N. W. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Johnson, B. R. Joseph, J. Keisler, R. Kennedy, J. Kermish, Z. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Luong-Van, D. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Montroy, T. E. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Richards, P. L. Ruh, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Schwan, D. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vu, C. Westbrook, B. Williamson, R. TI Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY MICROCALORIMETERS; APEX-SZ; GALAXY CLUSTERS; ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; SQUID MULTIPLEXERS; CMB POLARIZATION; POWER SPECTRUM; MILLIMETER AB A technological milestone for experiments employing transition edge sensor bolometers operating at sub-Kelvin temperature is the deployment of detector arrays with 100s-1000s of bolometers. One key technology for such arrays is readout multiplexing: the ability to read out many sensors simultaneously on the same set of wires. This paper describes a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system which has been developed for and deployed on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope millimeter wavelength receivers. In this system, the detector array is divided into modules of seven detectors, and each bolometer within the module is biased with a unique similar to MHz sinusoidal carrier such that the individual bolometer signals are well separated in frequency space. The currents from all bolometers in a module are summed together and pre-amplified with superconducting quantum interference devices operating at 4 K. Room temperature electronics demodulate the carriers to recover the bolometer signals, which are digitized separately and stored to disk. This readout system contributes little noise relative to the detectors themselves, is remarkably insensitive to unwanted microphonic excitations, and provides a technology pathway to multiplexing larger numbers of sensors. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737629] C1 [Dobbs, M. A.; de Haan, T.; Kennedy, J.; Lanting, T. M.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Lueker, M.; Clarke, J.; Flanigan, D. I.; George, E. M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Johnson, B. R.; Kermish, Z.; Lee, A. T.; Richards, P. L.; Schwan, D.; Shirokoff, E.; Westbrook, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Staniszewski, Z.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aird, K. A.; Hrubes, J. D.; Luong-Van, D.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bender, A. N.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, A. N.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Plagge, T.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cho, H. -M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clarke, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Johnson, B. R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Joseph, J.; Vu, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lanting, T. M.] D Wave Syst, Burnaby, BC V5C 6G9, Canada. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruh, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruh, J. E.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, CERCA, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobbs, MA (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) funds APEX-SZ [AST-0138348, AST-0709497]; South Pole Telescope [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs program; Sloan Fellowship FX The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds APEX-SZ through Grant Nos. AST-0138348 and AST-0709497 and the South Pole Telescope through Grant Nos. ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. Work at LBNL is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The McGill team acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. M.D. acknowledges support from the Canada Research Chairs program and a Sloan Fellowship. NR 75 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 83 IS 7 AR 073113 DI 10.1063/1.4737629 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988YR UT WOS:000307527900014 PM 22852677 ER PT J AU Staymates, M Gillen, G AF Staymates, Matthew Gillen, Greg TI High-speed thermo-microscope for imaging thermal desorption phenomena SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HMX; RDX AB In this work, we describe a thermo-microscope imaging system that can be used to visualize atmospheric pressure thermal desorption. phenomena at high heating rates and frame rates. This versatile and portable instrument is useful for studying events during rapid heating of organic particles on the microscopic scale. The system consists of a zoom lens coupled to a high-speed video camera that is focused on the surface of an aluminum nitride heating element. We leverage high-speed videography with oblique incidence microscopy along with forward and back-scattered illumination to capture vivid images of thermal desorption events during rapid heating of chemical compounds. In a typical experiment, particles of the material of interest are rapidly heated beyond their boiling point while the camera captures images at several thousand frames/s. A data acquisition system, along with an embedded thermocouple and infrared pyrometer are used to measure the temperature of the heater surface. We demonstrate that, while a typical thermocouple lacks the response time to accurately measure temperature ramps that approach 150 degrees C/s, it is possible to calibrate the system by using a combination of infrared pyrometry, melting point standards, and a thermocouple. Several examples of high explosives undergoing rapid thermal desorption are also presented. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737626] C1 [Staymates, Matthew; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, M (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 83 IS 7 AR 075113 DI 10.1063/1.4737626 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988YR UT WOS:000307527900067 PM 22852730 ER PT J AU Tong, X Jiang, CY Lauter, V Ambaye, H Brown, D Crow, L Gentile, TR Goyette, R Lee, WT Parizzi, A Robertson, JL AF Tong, X. Jiang, C. Y. Lauter, V. Ambaye, H. Brown, D. Crow, L. Gentile, T. R. Goyette, R. Lee, W. T. Parizzi, A. Robertson, J. L. TI In situ polarized He-3 system for the Magnetism Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPIN FILTER; SCATTERING; ANGLE; BEAM; FILM AB We report on the in situ polarized He-3 neutron polarization analyzer developed for the time-of-flight Magnetism Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Using the spin exchange optical pumping method, we achieved a He-3 polarization of 76% +/- 1% and maintained it for the entire three-day duration of the test experiment. Based on transmission measurements with unpolarized neutrons, we show that the average analyzing efficiency of the He-3 system is 98% for the neutron wavelength band of 2-5 angstrom. Using a highly polarized incident neutron beam produced by a supermirror bender polarizer, we obtained a flipping ratio of >100 with a transmission of 25% for polarized neutrons, averaged over the wavelength band of 2-5 angstrom. After the cell was depolarized for transmission measurements, it was reproducibly polarized and this performance was maintained for three weeks. A high quality polarization analysis experiment was performed on a reference sample of Fe/Cr multilayer with strong spin-flip off-specular scattering. Using a combination of the position sensitive detector, time-of-flight method, and the excellent parameters of the He-3 cell, the polarization analysis of the two-dimensional maps of reflected, refracted, and off-specular scattered intensity above and below the horizon were obtained, simultaneously. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4731261] C1 [Tong, X.; Jiang, C. Y.; Brown, D.; Crow, L.; Robertson, J. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Design Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lauter, V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ambaye, H.; Goyette, R.; Parizzi, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Accelerator Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, W. T.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Tong, X (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Design Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tongx@ornl.gov RI Ambaye, Haile/D-1503-2016; tong, Xin/C-4853-2012; OI Ambaye, Haile/0000-0002-8122-9952; tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345; Jiang, Chenyang/0000-0002-6321-3164 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The contributions of T. R. Gentile to the analysis and documentation of this work were supported in part by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 83 IS 7 AR 075101 DI 10.1063/1.4731261 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 988YR UT WOS:000307527900055 PM 22852718 ER PT J AU Hildreth, O Rykaczewski, K Wong, CP AF Hildreth, Owen Rykaczewski, Konrad Wong, Ching Ping TI Participation of focused ion beam implanted gallium ions in metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; ARRAYS; DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; CATALYST; SI AB Metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) of silicon has proven to be a fast and effective method to fabricate 1D, 2D, and 3D micro- to nano-scale features in silicon. It has been shown that platinum catalysts deposited using focused ion beam (FIB) are a viable catalyst for MaCE; however, the feature fidelity of channels etched with FIB patterned catalysts are found to be significantly lower than catalysts formed using e-beam lithography. In this work we show that gallium (Ga+) ions implanted into the silicon during sample exposure result in significant etching in the irradiated regions as well as long-distance etching peripheral regions. The accelerating voltage, dose, and etching time were varied to show that the etch depth depends primarily on accelerating voltage and is largely independent of dose while the width of the peripheral region was found to scale with dose. The slope of the peripheral etching region was found to vary with both accelerating voltage and dose with three different etching times evaluated to examine how the etch profile evolves over time. These results show that Ga+ ions do participate in MaCE and care must be taken when a Ga+ ion based FIB is used. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4732124] C1 [Hildreth, Owen; Wong, Ching Ping] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Rykaczewski, Konrad] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wong, Ching Ping] Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shatin, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Wong, CP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cp.wong@mse.gatech.edu OI Hildreth, Owen/0000-0001-5358-9080 FU NSF [CMMI-1130876]; National Research Council (NRC); American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) FX We would like to thank NSF for their generous support (CMMI-1130876) along with Jack Moon, Wei Lin, and other group members. K.R.'s postdoctoral fellowship was supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) as awarded by the National Research Council (NRC). NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 AR 040603 DI 10.1116/1.4732124 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 978NT UT WOS:000306750700014 ER PT J AU Schultz, BJ Lee, V Price, J Jaye, C Lysaght, PS Fischer, DA Prendergast, D Banerjee, S AF Schultz, Brian J. Lee, Vincent Price, Jimmy Jaye, Cherno Lysaght, Patrick S. Fischer, Daniel A. Prendergast, David Banerjee, Sarbajit TI Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy studies of charge redistribution at graphene/dielectric interfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; CORRUGATIONS; SCATTERING AB Charge redistribution at graphene/dielectric interfaces is predicated upon the relative positioning of the graphene Fermi level and the charge neutralization level of the dielectric. The authors present an angle-resolved near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy investigation of single-layered graphene transferred to 300 nm SiO2/Si with subsequent deposition of ultrathin high-kappa dielectric layers to form graphene/dielectric interfaces. The authors' NEXAFS studies indicate the appearance of a distinct pre-edge absorption for graphene/HfO2 heterostructures (but not for comparable TiO2 and ZrO2 constructs). The hole doping of graphene with substantial redistribution of electron density to the interfacial region is proposed as the origin of the pre-edge feature as electron depletion renders part of the initially occupied density of states accessible for observation via NEXAFS spectroscopy. The spectral assignment is validated by calculating the NEXAFS spectra of electron- and hole-doped graphene using density functional theory. In contrast, a similarly sputtered metallic TiN layer shows substantial covalent interfacial hybridization with graphene. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4726508] C1 [Schultz, Brian J.; Lee, Vincent; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Price, Jimmy; Lysaght, Patrick S.] SEMATECH, Front End Proc Div, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prendergast, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, BJ (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, 459 Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR0847169]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation under DMR0847169. Density functional theory simulations and interpretation of x-ray spectra were performed as a User Project at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 28 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL PY 2012 VL 30 IS 4 AR 041205 DI 10.1116/1.4726508 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 978NT UT WOS:000306750700021 ER PT J AU Ma, L Morris, DJ Jennerjohn, SL Bahr, DF Levine, LE AF Ma, Li Morris, Dylan J. Jennerjohn, Stefhanni L. Bahr, David F. Levine, Lyle E. TI The role of probe shape on the initiation of metal plasticity in nanoindentation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy (AFM); Dislocation; Finite element analysis (FEA); Nanoindentation; Single crystal ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; INCIPIENT PLASTICITY; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; SPHERICAL INDENTATION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION; YIELD; ASSUMPTION; MECHANISMS AB The dislocation nucleation stress of crystalline materials is frequently estimated from the maximum shear stress, assuming Hertzian contact up to the first "pop-in" event, which is a sudden displacement burst during load-controlled nanoindentation. However, an irregular indenter tip shape will significantly change the stress distribution, and therefore the maximum shear stress from a Hertzian estimation. Here, we assess possible errors and pitfalls of the Hertzian estimation of initial plastic yield at the nanoscale. The near-apex shapes of two Berkovich indenters, one sharp and one worn, were measured by atomic force microscopy and directly input into finite element analysis (FEA) models for "virtual" nanoindentation experiments on single-crystal tungsten. Experiments were also carried out with those indenters. Excellent agreement is found between experimental and FEA force-displacement relationships, but the discrepancies between Hertzian and FEA estimates of the shear stresses are over 25% for the sharp indenter and over 50% for the blunt indenter. This demonstrates that small irregularities in the shape of indenter tips can cause significant deviations from the Hertzian estimation of dislocation nucleation stress. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Ma, Li; Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Li] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Morris, Dylan J.] Michelin Amer Res Co, Greenville, SC 29605 USA. [Jennerjohn, Stefhanni L.; Bahr, David F.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM li.ma@nist.gov RI Bahr, David/A-6521-2012 OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 60 IS 12 BP 4729 EP 4739 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.05.026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987KG UT WOS:000307415200007 ER PT J AU Hawn, DR Collette, BB AF Hawn, Donald R. Collette, Bruce B. TI What are the maximum size and live body coloration of opah (Teleostei: Lampridae: Lampris species)? SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Opah; Lampris; Maximum size; Life color ID REGIUS BONNATERRE; GUTTATUS; MOONFISH; LUNA AB Validity of the largest size accounts is not well documented and most published accounts of body coloration describe dead specimens lacking scales instead of the color of freshly caught opah. Maximum length is at least 163 cm fork length and maximum weight about 89 kg. The body color of fresh specimens is vermilion with white spots. C1 [Hawn, Donald R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Hawn, DR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Donald.Hawn@noaa.gov; collettb@si.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 59 IS 3 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1007/s10228-012-0277-z PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 980ZB UT WOS:000306931600012 ER PT J AU Alfaro-Shigueto, J Mangel, JC Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA Godley, BJ AF Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Mangel, Jeffrey C. Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Godley, Brendan J. TI Trading information for conservation: a novel use of radio broadcasting to reduce sea turtle bycatch SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; conservation; marine turtles; Peru; radio communication; small-scale fisheries; South America ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; HAWKSBILL TURTLES; MANAGEMENT; COMMUNICATION; MIGRATIONS; OCEAN AB Bycatch of non-target animals in small-scale fisheries poses a major threat to seabirds and marine mammals and turtles. This is also a problem for small-scale fisheries in Peru because of the magnitude of these fisheries and the important marine biodiversity in Peruvian waters. Here we describe how we implemented a novel approach to mitigate bycatch impacts on marine turtles in Peru. We used high-frequency (HF) two-way radio communication to exchange information with fishers. We sought data that would afford insights into fishing patterns and levels of turtle bycatch so that we could identify areas of high-density bycatch in real time and warn other fishers. In return we provided oceanographic and atmospheric information useful for the fishers. Radio communication also served as a platform to promote the use of safe handling and release techniques for incidentally caught animals. During the 24 months of the programme we communicated with over 200 vessels and with 200-1,400 fishers, who used primarily longlines, gillnets, jiggers, purse seiners and trawlers. Our findings suggest that HF radio communication is a useful tool (low cost and widely used by fishers, with extensive spatial coverage), helps build links with fishers that potentially reduces fishery impacts on marine turtles, and can also provide information on poorly documented fisheries and the relevant bycatch data associated with small-scale fishing practices. C1 [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.; Godley, Brendan J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn, England. [Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] ProDelphinus, Lima 11, Peru. RP Alfaro-Shigueto, J (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, England. EM jas_26@yahoo.com RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009 OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center [AB133F08-SE-4160]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2010-0107-000]; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation through Ocean Foundation; American Bird Conservancy; Darwin Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries Initiative in Peru; ORSAS; Exeter University FX We thank the fishers who participated in this programme, and the ProDelphinus staff, Ortiz, Ugolini and Luna, for their help with the radio broadcasts. The study was conducted with funds received from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (AB133F08-SE-4160), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (2010-0107-000), the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation through the Ocean Foundation, American Bird Conservancy and the Darwin Sustainable Artisanal Fisheries Initiative in Peru. JCM and JAS are ORSAS and Exeter University scholarship awardees respectively. The article was improved greatly as a result of the Writing for Conservation Workshop organized by the Conservation Leadership Programme. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 EI 1365-3008 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD JUL PY 2012 VL 46 IS 3 BP 332 EP 339 DI 10.1017/S0030605312000105 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984HU UT WOS:000307181500010 ER PT J AU Lewis, JM Fearon, MG Klieforth, HE AF Lewis, John M. Fearon, Matthew G. Klieforth, Harold E. TI HERBERT RIEHL Intrepid and Enigmatic Scholar SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ROTATING-DISHPAN EXPERIMENT; JET STREAM; GENERAL CIRCULATION; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TOGA COARE; MAINTENANCE; ATMOSPHERE; CHICAGO; ENERGY; WINTER C1 [Lewis, John M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lewis, John M.; Fearon, Matthew G.; Klieforth, Harold E.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jlewis@dri.edu NR 79 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 963 EP 985 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00224.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GS UT WOS:000306806100003 ER PT J AU Schroeder, TA Chowdhury, R Lander, MA Guard, CC Felkley, C Gifford, D AF Schroeder, Thomas A. Chowdhury, Rashed Lander, Mark A. Guard, Charles Chip Felkley, Charlene Gifford, Duncan TI THE ROLE OF THE PACIFIC ENSO APPLICATIONS CLIMATE CENTER IN REDUCING VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE HAZARDS Experience from the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL VARIATIONS; PRECIPITATION; LONG C1 [Schroeder, Thomas A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chowdhury, Rashed] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lander, Mark A.] Univ Guam, Water & Environm Res Inst Western Pacific, Agana, GU USA. [Guard, Charles Chip] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Honolulu, HI USA. [Felkley, Charlene] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Gifford, Duncan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Pacific ENSO Applicat Climate Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Chowdhury, R (reprint author), 2525 Correa Rd,HIG 350, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM rashed@hawaii.edu FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) [NA17RJ1230]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1230] FX This project was funded by Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1230 between the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subdivisions. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1003 EP 1015 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00109.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GS UT WOS:000306806100005 ER PT J AU Goodman, SJ Gurka, J DeMaria, M Schmit, TJ Mostek, A Jedlovec, G Siewert, C Feltz, W Gerth, J Brummer, R Miller, S Reed, B Reynolds, RR AF Goodman, Steven J. Gurka, James DeMaria, Mark Schmit, Timothy J. Mostek, Anthony Jedlovec, Gary Siewert, Chris Feltz, Wayne Gerth, Jordan Brummer, Renate Miller, Steven Reed, Bonnie Reynolds, Richard R. TI THE GOES-R PROVING GROUND Accelerating User Readiness for the Next-Generation Geostationary Environmental Satellite System SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIGHTNING LOCATION NETWORK; SEVERE WEATHER; GOES IMAGERY; AIR-QUALITY; THUNDERSTORMS; INITIATION; ATLANTIC C1 [Goodman, Steven J.; Gurka, James] NOAA NESDIS GOES R Program Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Mostek, Anthony] NOAA Natl Weather Serv, Boulder, CO USA. [Jedlovec, Gary] NASA Short Term Predict Res & Transit Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Siewert, Chris] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Feltz, Wayne; Gerth, Jordan] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Brummer, Renate; Miller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reynolds, Richard R.] Short & Associates Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Reed, Bonnie] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Goodman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS GOES R Program Off, NASA GSFC Code 417, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM steven.j.goodman@noaa.gov RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1040 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00175.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GS UT WOS:000306806100007 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Stott, PA Herring, S Zwiers, FW Hegerl, GC Min, SK Zhang, XB van Oldenborgh, GJ van Urk, A Allen, MR Funk, C Rupp, DE Mote, PW Massey, N Rye, CJ Jones, R Cattiaux, J Yiou, P Massey, N Aina, T Otto, FEL Wilson, S Jones, RG Christidis, N AF Peterson, Thomas C. Stott, Peter A. Herring, Stephanie Zwiers, Francis W. Hegerl, Gabriele C. Min, Seung-Ki Zhang, Xuebin van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan van Urk, Anne Allen, Myles Funk, Chris Rupp, David E. Mote, Philip W. Massey, Neil Rye, Cameron J. Jones, Richard Cattiaux, Julien Yiou, Pascal Massey, N. Aina, T. Otto, F.E.L. Wilson, S. Jones, R.G. Christidis, Nikolaos TI EXPLAINING EXTREME EVENTS OF 2011 FROM A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SOIL-MOISTURE; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; DROUGHT; MODEL; ATTRIBUTION; FREQUENCY C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Herring, Stephanie] NOAA, Off Program Planning & Integrat, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Zwiers, Francis W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Hegerl, Gabriele C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Min, Seung-Ki] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Climate Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [van Urk, Anne] CoDeWa, Reeuwijk, Netherlands. [Allen, Myles] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Allen, Myles] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. [Funk, Chris] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Climate Hazard Grp, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Rupp, David E.; Mote, Philip W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, Corvallis, OR USA. [Massey, Neil; Rye, Cameron J.; Massey, N.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England. [Massey, Neil; Massey, N.] Univ Oxford, Smith Sch Enterprise & Environm, Oxford, England. [Stott, Peter A.; Jones, Richard; Wilson, S.; Jones, R.G.; Christidis, Nikolaos] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Otto, F.E.L.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford, England. [Cattiaux, Julien] CNRM Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Yiou, Pascal] LSCE IPSL, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Aina, T.] Univ Oxford, Oxford E Res Ctr, Oxford, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov RI Min, Seung-Ki/B-1431-2010; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/A-4176-2011; Stott, Peter/N-1228-2016 OI van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan/0000-0002-6898-9535; Stott, Peter/0000-0003-4853-7686 NR 102 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 74 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP 1041 EP 1067 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00021.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GS UT WOS:000306806100008 ER PT J AU Wolff, JK Ferrier, BS Mass, CF AF Wolff, Jamie K. Ferrier, Brad S. Mass, Clifford F. TI ESTABLISHING CLOSER COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE MODEL PHYSICS FOR SHORT-RANGE FORECASTS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wolff, Jamie K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wolff, Jamie K.] Dev Testbed Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Ferrier, Brad S.] Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Mass, Clifford F.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wolff, JK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM jwolff@ucar.edu NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 93 IS 7 BP E551 EP E553 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00248.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 979GS UT WOS:000306806100001 ER PT J AU Boldt, JL Buckley, TW Rooper, CN Aydin, K AF Boldt, Jennifer L. Buckley, Troy W. Rooper, Christopher N. Aydin, Kerim TI Factors influencing cannibalism and abundance of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, 1982-2006 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; LARVAL; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; JUVENILE; IMPACTS; SUMMER AB Cannibalism is thought to be an influential top-down process affecting walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). In summer, many age-1 pollock occupy the same depths as those of adult walleye pollock, making them vulnerable to cannibalism. We examine factors that influence the occurrence and amount of cannibalism, as well as the abundance and co-occurrence of predator and prey walleye pollock. Large walleye pollock were generally found in deeper waters and avoided cold temperatures; whereas, age-1 walleye pollock were found in broader bottom depth and temperature ranges. The occurrence of cannibalism was highest in the area where predator and prey walleye pollock co-occurred and the amount of cannibalism was highest on the middle and outer EBS shelf. Both the occurrence and amount of cannibalism were influenced by location, bottom temperature and bottom depth, and the abundance of prey walleye pollock. The abundance of both large and small walleye pollock decreased during the 1982-2006 survey period in the EBS and, hence, the occurrence and amount of cannibalism also decreased. The occurrence and amount of cannibalism observed in the diet samples from the summer survey were good indicators of year-class strength, as estimated by the stock assessment model. There was more cannibalism of age-1 walleye pollock when predicted recruit abundance was highest, indicating that summer cannibalism on age-1 walleye pollock, a top-down process, does not control walleye pollock recruitment in the EBS. C1 [Boldt, Jennifer L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Buckley, Troy W.; Rooper, Christopher N.; Aydin, Kerim] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Boldt, JL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM Jennifer.Boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean; JISAO under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 2032] FX We would like to thank G. Lang, NMFS, for providing diet data, A. Greig for providing water column variables, G. Walters, NMFS, for providing initial data on water column temperature profiles, and P. Sullivan (Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans [JISAO]), P. Stabeno (PMEL), and M. Spillane (JISAO) for helping with temperature profiles. We also thank K. S. Chan at the University of Iowa for allowing us to use the "tgam" package he developed for R. This manuscript was significantly improved through the incorporation of comments from three anonymous reviewers. We also thank our funding sources: NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean. This publication was partially funded by JISAO under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, contribution no. 2032. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3 BP 293 EP 306 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 978XZ UT WOS:000306780400002 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Martin, MH Butler, JL Jones, DT Zimmermann, M AF Rooper, Christopher N. Martin, Michael H. Butler, John L. Jones, Darin T. Zimmermann, Mark TI Estimating species and size composition of rockfishes to verify targets in acoustic surveys of untrawlable areas SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SEBASTES-ENTOMELAS; WIDOW ROCKFISH; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FISH BEHAVIOR; STEREO-VIDEO; ABUNDANCE; PRECISION; ACCURACY; ALASKA AB Rockfish (Sebastes spp.) biomass is difficult to assess with standard bottom trawl or acoustic surveys because of their propensity to aggregate near the seafloor in high-relief areas that are inaccessible to sampling by trawling. We compared the ability of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), a modified bottom trawl, and a stereo drop camera system (SDC) to identify rockfish species and estimate their size composition. The ability to discriminate species was highest for the bottom trawl and lowest for the SDC. Mean lengths and size distributions varied among the gear types, although a larger number of length measurements could be collected with the bottom trawl and SDC than with the ROV. Dusky (S. variabilis), harlequin (S. variegatus), and northern rockfish (S. polyspinis), and Pacific ocean perch (S. alutus) were the species observed in greatest abundance. Only dusky and northern rockfish regularly occurred in trawlable areas, whereas these two species and many more occurred in untrawlable areas. The SDC was able to resolve the height of fish off the seafloor, and some of the rockfish species were observed only near the seafloor in the acoustic dead zone. This finding is important, in that fish found exclusively in the acoustic dead zone cannot be assessed acoustically. For these species, methods such as bottom trawls, long-lines, or optical surveys using line transect or area swept methods will be the only adequate means to estimate the abundance of these fishes. Our results suggest that the selection of appropriate methods for verifying targets will depend on the habitat types and species complexes to be examined. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Martin, Michael H.; Jones, Darin T.; Zimmermann, Mark] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Butler, John L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.Rooper@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [344] FX The authors thank the captain and crew of the NOAA research vessel Oscar Dyson and the FV Epic Explorer. Field assistance was provided by M. Wilkins, D. King, K. Stierhoff, and C. Conrath. We also thank M. Wilkins, A. DeRobertis, C. Wilson, D. Demer, and T. Weber for their reviews and conversations regarding this project. The manuscript was also improved by reviews from D. Somerton, N. Laman, G. Fleischer, M. Donnellan, and two anonymous reviewers. The project was partially funded by a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (contribution no. 344). NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3 BP 317 EP 331 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 978XZ UT WOS:000306780400004 ER PT J AU Jones, DT Wilson, CD De Robertis, A Rooper, CN Weber, TC Butler, JL AF Jones, Darin T. Wilson, Christopher D. De Robertis, Alex Rooper, Christopher N. Weber, Thomas C. Butler, John L. TI Evaluation of rockfish abundance in untrawlable habitat: combining acoustic and complementary sampling tools SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEBASTES-ENTOMELAS; WIDOW ROCKFISH; FISH; AREAS; CLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC; DENSITY; ALASKA AB Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) are an important component of North Pacific marine ecosystems and commercial fisheries. Because the rocky, high-relief substrate that rockfishes often inhabit is inaccessible to standard survey trawls, population abundance assessments for many rockfish species are difficult. As part of a large study to classify substrate and compare complementary sampling tools, we investigated the feasibility of using an acoustic survey in conjunction with a lowered stereo-video camera, a remotely operated vehicle, and a modified bottom trawl to estimate rockfish biomass in untrawlable habitat. The Snake-head Bank south of Kodiak Island, Alaska, was surveyed repeatedly over 4 days and nights. Dusky rockfish (S. variabilis), northern rockfish (S. polyspinis), and harlequin rockfish (S. variegatus) were the most abundant species observed on the bank. Backscatter attributed to rockfish were collected primarily near the seafloor at a mean height off the bottom of 1.5 m. Total rockfish backscatter and the height of backscatter off the bottom did not differ among survey passes or between night and day. Biomass estimates for the 41 square nautical-mile area surveyed on this small, predominantly untrawlable bank were 2350 metric tons (t) of dusky rockfish, 331 t of northern rockfish, and 137 t of harlequin rockfish. These biomass estimates are 5-60 times the density estimated for these rockfish species by a regularly conducted bottom trawl survey covering the bank and the surrounding shelf. This finding shows that bottom trawl surveys can underestimate the abundance of rockfishes in untrawlable areas and, therefore, may underestimate overall population abundance for these species. C1 [Jones, Darin T.; Wilson, Christopher D.; De Robertis, Alex; Rooper, Christopher N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Butler, John L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jones, DT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM darin.jones@noaa.gov RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [349]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX The authors would like to thank the captains and crews of the NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson and the FV Epic Explorer. We also thank M. Martin, M. Wilkins, M. Zimmermann, and D. Demer for their work on the project. The manuscript was improved by reviews from P. Ressler and D. Somerton and three anonymous reviewers. This project was funded jointly by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB publication no. 349) and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3 BP 332 EP 343 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 978XZ UT WOS:000306780400005 ER PT J AU Barlow, PF Berkson, J AF Barlow, Paige F. Berkson, Jim TI Evaluating methods for estimating rare events with zero-heavy data: a simulation model estimating sea turtle bycatch in the pelagic longline fishery SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; COUNT DATA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ABUNDANCE; LOGGERHEAD; CATCH; PACIFIC AB Estimating rare events from zero-heavy data (data with many zero values) is a common challenge in fisheries science and ecology. For example, loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) account for less than 1% of total catch in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Nevertheless, the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is charged with assessing the effect of this fishery on these federally protected species. Annual estimates of loggerhead and leatherback bycatch in a fishery can affect fishery management and species conservation decisions. However, current estimates have wide confidence intervals, and their accuracy is unknown. We evaluate 3 estimation methods, each at 2 spatiotemporal scales, in simulations of 5 spatial scenarios representing incidental capture of sea turtles by the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. The delta-lognormal method of estimating bycatch for calendar quarter and fishing area strata was the least biased estimation method in the spatial scenarios believed to be most realistic. This result supports the current estimation procedure used by the SEFSC. C1 [Barlow, Paige F.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS RTR Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Barlow, PF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pfbarlow@uga.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX We wish to thank M. Kelly, P. Richards, and E. Smith for helpful suggestions regarding this project. We also would like to thank C. Beasley, J. Hatt, J. Hepinstall-Cymerman, T. Prebyl, and C. Ricketts for their comments on this manuscript. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3 BP 344 EP 360 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 978XZ UT WOS:000306780400006 ER PT J AU Echave, KB Hanselman, DH Adkison, MD Sigler, MF AF Echave, Katy B. Hanselman, Dana H. Adkison, Milo D. Sigler, Michael F. TI Interdecadal change in growth of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the northeast Pacific Ocean SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TAGGED SABLEFISH; BERING-SEA; AGE; ALASKA; STOCK; ABUNDANCE; MOVEMENT; LENGTH; GULF AB Errors in growth estimates can affect drastically the spawner-perrecruit threshold used to recommend quotas for commercial fish catches. Growth parameters for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in Alaska have not been updated for stock assessment purposes for more than 20 years, although aging of sablefish has continued. In this study, length-stratified data (1981-93 data from the annual longline survey conducted cooperatively by the Fisheries Agency of Japan and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service) were updated and corrected for discovered sampling bias. In addition, more recent, randomly collected samples (1996-2004 data from the annual longline survey conducted by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center) were analyzed and new length-at-age and weight-at-age parameters were estimated. Results were similar between this analysis with length-at-age data from 1981 to 2004 and analysis with updated longline survey data through 2010; therefore, we used our initial results from analysis done with data through 2004. We found that, because of a stratified sampling scheme, growth estimates of sablefish were overestimated with the older data (1981-93), and growth parameters used in the Alaskan sablefish assessment model were, thus, too large. In addition, a comparison of the bias-corrected 1981-93 data and the 1996-2004 data showed that, in more recent years, sablefish grew larger and growth differed among regions. The updated growth information improves the fit of the data to the sablefish stock assessment model with biologically reasonable results. These findings indicate that when the updated growth data (1996-2004) are used in the existing sablefish assessment model, estimates of fishing mortality increase slightly and estimates of female spawning biomass decrease slightly. This study provides evidence of the importance of periodically revisiting biological parameter estimates, especially as data accumulate, because the addition of more recent data often will be more biologically realistic. In addition, it exemplifies the importance of correcting biases from sampling that may contribute to erroneous parameter estimates. C1 [Echave, Katy B.; Hanselman, Dana H.; Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Adkison, Milo D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Echave, KB (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM katy.echave@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 110 IS 3 BP 361 EP 374 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 978XZ UT WOS:000306780400007 ER PT J AU Lyon, B Bell, MA Tippett, MK Kumar, A Hoerling, MP Quan, XW Wang, H AF Lyon, Bradfield Bell, Michael A. Tippett, Michael K. Kumar, Arun Hoerling, Martin P. Quan, Xiao-Wei Wang, Hui TI Baseline Probabilities for the Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEX AB The inherent persistence characteristics of various drought indicators are quantified to extract predictive information that can improve drought early warning. Predictive skill is evaluated as a function of the seasonal cycle for regions within North America. The study serves to establish a set of baseline probabilities for drought across multiple indicators amenable to direct comparison with drought indicator forecast probabilities obtained when incorporating dynamical climate model forecasts. The emphasis is on the standardized precipitation index (SPI), but the method can easily be applied to any other meteorological drought indicator, and some additional examples are provided. Monte Carlo resampling of observational data generates two sets of synthetic time series of monthly precipitation that include, and exclude, the annual cycle while removing serial correlation. For the case of no seasonality, the autocorrelation (AC) of the SPI (and seasonal precipitation percentiles, moving monthly averages of precipitation) decays linearly with increasing lag. It is shown that seasonality in the variance of accumulated precipitation serves to enhance or diminish the persistence characteristics (AC) of the SPI and related drought indicators, and the seasonal cycle can thereby provide an appreciable source of drought predictability at regional scales. The AC is used to obtain a parametric probability density function of the future state of the SPI that is based solely on its inherent persistence characteristics. In addition, a method is presented for determining the optimal persistence of the SPI for the case of no serial correlation in precipitation (again, the baseline case). The optimized, baseline probabilities are being incorporated into Internet-based tools for the display of current and forecast drought conditions in near real time. C1 [Lyon, Bradfield; Bell, Michael A.; Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.; Quan, Xiao-Wei] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lyon, B (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, 61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM blyon@iri.columbia.edu RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4310622] FX We are grateful to Benno Blumenthal, director of the IRI Data Library, for his assistance with some of the computations and to the reviewers for their helpful comments. This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant NA08OAR4310622. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1222 EP 1237 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0132.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TR UT WOS:000306769200002 ER PT J AU Quan, XW Hoerling, MP Lyon, B Kumar, A Bell, MA Tippett, MK Wang, H AF Quan, Xiao-Wei Hoerling, Martin P. Lyon, Bradfield Kumar, Arun Bell, Michael A. Tippett, Michael K. Wang, Hui TI Prospects for Dynamical Prediction of Meteorological Drought SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM DROUGHT; US GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL-MOISTURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION; SCALE AB The prospects for U.S. seasonal drought prediction are assessed by diagnosing simulation and hindcast skill of drought indicators during 1982-2008. The 6-month standardized precipitation index is used as the primary drought indicator. The skill of unconditioned, persistence forecasts serves as the baseline against which the performance of dynamical methods is evaluated. Predictions conditioned on the state of global sea surface temperatures (SST) are assessed using atmospheric climate simulations conducted in which observed SSTs are specified. Predictions conditioned on the initial states of atmosphere, land surfaces, and oceans are next analyzed using coupled climate-model experiments. The persistence of the drought indicator yields considerable seasonal skill, with a region's annual cycle of precipitation driving a strong seasonality in baseline skill. The unconditioned forecast skill for drought is greatest during a region's climatological dry season and is least during a wet season. Dynamical models forced by observed global SSTs yield increased skill relative 16 this baseline, with improvements realized during the cold season over regions where precipitation is sensitive to El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Fully coupled initialized model hindcasts yield little additional skill relative to the uninitialized SST-forced simulations. In particular, neither of these dynamical seasonal forecasts materially increases summer skill for the drought indicator over the Great Plains, a consequence of small SST sensitivity of that region's summer rainfall and the small impact of antecedent soil moisture conditions, on average, upon the summer rainfall. The fully initialized predictions for monthly forecasts appreciably improve on the seasonal skill, however, especially during winter and spring over the northern Great Plains. C1 [Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lyon, Bradfield; Bell, Michael A.; Tippett, Michael K.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP Quan, XW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, CIRES, 325 Broadway,PSD1, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM quan.xiao-wei@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors thank Dr. Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano at Spanish National Research Council and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews. This study is supported by funds from the NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1238 EP 1252 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0194.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TR UT WOS:000306769200003 ER PT J AU Bieniek, PA Bhatt, US Thoman, RL Angeloff, H Partain, J Papineau, J Fritsch, F Holloway, E Walsh, JE Daly, C Shulski, M Hufford, G Hill, DF Calos, S Gens, R AF Bieniek, Peter A. Bhatt, Uma S. Thoman, Richard L. Angeloff, Heather Partain, James Papineau, John Fritsch, Frederick Holloway, Eric Walsh, John E. Daly, Christopher Shulski, Martha Hufford, Gary Hill, David F. Calos, Stavros Gens, Rudiger TI Climate Divisions for Alaska Based on Objective Methods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; WINTER; ZONES; CIRCULATION AB Alaska encompasses several climate types because of its vast size, high-latitude location, proximity to oceans, and complex topography. There is a great need to understand how climate varies regionally for climatic research and forecasting applications. Although climate-type zones have been established for Alaska on the basis of seasonal climatological mean behavior, there has been little attempt to construct climate divisions that identify regions with consistently homogeneous climatic variability. In this study, cluster analysis was applied to monthly-average temperature data from 1977 to 2010 at a robust set of weather stations to develop climate divisions for the state. Mean-adjusted Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer surface temperature estimates were employed to fill in missing temperature data when possible. Thirteen climate divisions were identified on the basis of the cluster analysis and were subsequently refined using local expert knowledge. Divisional boundary lines were drawn that encompass the grouped stations by following major surrounding topographic boundaries. Correlation analysis between station and gridded downscaled temperature and precipitation data supported the division placement and boundaries. The new divisions north of the Alaska Range were the North Slope, West Coast, Central Interior, Northeast Interior, and Northwest Interior. Divisions south of the Alaska Range were Cook Inlet, Bristol Bay, Aleutians. Northeast Gulf, Northwest Gulf, North Panhandle, Central Panhandle, and South Panhandle. Correlations with various Pacific Ocean and Arctic climatic teleconnection indices showed numerous significant relationships between seasonal division average temperature and the Arctic Oscillation, Pacific North American pattern, North Pacific index, and Pacific decadal oscillation. C1 [Bieniek, Peter A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Thoman, Richard L.] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Weather Forecast Off Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Partain, James; Papineau, John; Hufford, Gary] Natl Weather Serv Alaska Reg, NOAA, Anchorage, AK USA. [Fritsch, Frederick] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Weather Forecast Off Juneau, Juneau, AK USA. [Holloway, Eric] NOAA, Alaska Pacific River Forecast Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Daly, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Shulski, Martha] Univ Nebraska, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Hill, David F.; Calos, Stavros] Oregon State Univ, Sch Civil & Construct Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bieniek, Peter A.; Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Dept Atmospher Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bieniek, PA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Dept Atmospher Sci, POB 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pbieniek@alaska.edu RI Hill, David/C-4569-2012 FU NOAA "Social Vulnerability to Climate Change and Extreme Weather of Alaska Coastal Communities" [NA06OAR4600179]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0652838]; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Geophysical Institute; Alaska Climate Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey [G10AC00588] FX The authors thank J. Talbot, D. Dammann, D. Atkinson, J. Mayfield, D. Walker, M. Raynolds, and M. Murray for their comments and discussions that helped to improve this study. The authors also thank Editor J. M. Shepherd, the two anonymous reviewers, and P. Olsson for their thoughtful comments that improved this manuscript. This research was supported with funds from NOAA "Social Vulnerability to Climate Change and Extreme Weather of Alaska Coastal Communities" Grant NA06OAR4600179, National Science Foundation Award ARC-0652838, a University of Alaska Fairbanks graduate fellowship, and the Geophysical Institute. The project described here was supported by the Alaska Climate Science Center, funded by Cooperative Agreement G10AC00588 from the U.S. Geological Survey. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of USGS. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1276 EP 1289 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0168.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TR UT WOS:000306769200006 ER PT J AU Applequist, S AF Applequist, Scott TI Wind Rose Bias Correction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Wind rose summaries, which provide a basis for understanding and evaluating the climatological behavior of local wind, have a directional bias if a conventional method is used in their generation. Three techniques used to remove this bias are described and are compared for theoretical and observed wind distributions. All three techniques successfully remove the bias, with the simplest of the three performing as well as the more-complex techniques. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Applequist, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM scott.applequist@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1305 EP 1309 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0193.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TR UT WOS:000306769200008 ER PT J AU Walther, A Heidinger, AK AF Walther, Andi Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Implementation of the Daytime Cloud Optical and Microphysical Properties Algorithm (DCOMP) in PATMOS-x SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL; REFLECTANCE; THICKNESS; PRODUCTS; ALBEDO; AVHRR; MODIS; VALIDATION AB This paper describes the daytime cloud optical and microphysical properties (DCOMP) retrieval for the Pathfinder Atmosphere's Extended (PA'FMOS-x) climate dataset. Within PATMOS-x, DCOMP is applied to observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and employs the standard bispectral approach to estimate cloud optical depth and particle size. The retrievals are performed within the optimal estimation framework. Atmospheric-correction and forward-model parameters, such as surface albedo and gaseous absorber amounts, are obtained from numerical weather prediction reanalysis data and other climate datasets. DCOMP is set up to run on sensors with similar channel settings and has been successfully exercised on most current meteorological imagers. This quality makes DCOMP particularly valuable for climate research. Comparisons with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection-5 dataset are used to estimate the performance of DCOMP. C1 [Walther, Andi] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Walther, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1216 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM andi.walther@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU GOES-R AWG program of NOAA/NESDIS FX The authors are grateful to Ping Yang and Shougou Ding of Texas A&M University for preparing and providing the lookup-table data for ice clouds. The work was supported by the GOES-R AWG program of NOAA/NESDIS. The authors appreciate the very valuable comments from three reviewers. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1371 EP 1390 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0108.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978TR UT WOS:000306769200013 ER PT J AU Waugh, DW Keating, SR Chen, ML AF Waugh, Darryn W. Keating, Shane R. Chen, Mei-Lin TI Diagnosing Ocean Stirring: Comparison of Relative Dispersion and Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-OCEAN; ADRIATIC SEA; TURBULENCE; MODEL; STATISTICS; DIFFUSION AB The relationship between two commonly used diagnostics of stirring in ocean and atmospheric flows, the finite-time Lyapunov exponents A and relative dispersion R-2, is examined for a simple uniform strain flow and ocean flow inferred from altimetry. Although both diagnostics are based on the separation of initially close particles, the two diagnostics measure different aspects of the flow and, in general, there is not a one-to-one relationship between the diagnostics. For a two-dimensional flow with time-independent uniform strain, there is a single time-independent A, but there is a wide range of values of R-2 for individual particle pairs. However, it is shown that the upper and lower limits of R-2 for individual pairs, the mean value over a large ensemble of pairs, and the probability distribution function (PDF) of R-2 have simple relationships with lambda. Furthermore, these analytical expressions provide a reasonable approximation for the R-2-lambda relationship in the surface ocean flow based on geostrophic velocities derived from satellite altimeter measurements. In particular, the bimodal distribution, upper and lower bounds, and mean values from the ocean flow are similar to the analytical expressions for a uniform strain flow. How well, as well as over what integration time scale, this holds depends on the spatial and temporal variations within the ocean region being considered. C1 [Waugh, Darryn W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Keating, Shane R.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. [Chen, Mei-Lin] NOAA Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Waugh, DW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM waugh@jhu.edu RI Keating, Shane/C-3194-2013; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016 OI Keating, Shane/0000-0002-6817-925X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation [OCE-0962054] FX This work is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. SRK is supported by National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0962054. We thank Joe LaCasce and Inga Koszalka for helpful discussions. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1173 EP 1185 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-0215.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 980FS UT WOS:000306879600009 ER PT J AU McIntyre, JK Baldwin, DH Beauchamp, DA Scholz, NL AF McIntyre, Jenifer K. Baldwin, David H. Beauchamp, David A. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Low-level copper exposures increase visibility and vulnerability of juvenile coho salmon to cutthroat trout predators SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alarm behavior; coho salmon; copper; cutthroat trout; olfaction; predation; skin extract; sublethal; survival ID CHEMICAL ALARM SIGNALS; VISUAL PREY DETECTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; DISSOLVED COPPER; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; AQUATIC ANIMALS; SURVIVAL; TSHAWYTSCHA AB Copper contamination in surface waters is common in watersheds with mining activities or agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential human land uses. This widespread pollutant is neurotoxic to the chemosensory systems of fish and other aquatic species. Among Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), copper-induced olfactory impairment has previously been shown to disrupt behaviors reliant on a functioning sense of smell. For juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch), this includes predator avoidance behaviors triggered by a chemical alarm cue (conspecific skin extract). However, the survival consequences of this sublethal neurobehavioral toxicity have not been explored. In the present study juvenile coho were exposed to low levels of dissolved copper (5-20 mu g/L for 3 h) and then presented with cues signaling the proximity of a predator. Unexposed coho showed a sharp reduction in swimming activity in response to both conspecific skin extract and the upstream presence of a cutthroat trout predator (O. clarki clarki) previously fed juvenile coho. This alarm response was absent in prey fish that were exposed to copper. Moreover, cutthroat trout were more effective predators on copper-exposed coho during predation trials, as measured by attack latency, survival time, and capture success rate. The shift in predator-prey dynamics was similar when predators and prey were co-exposed to copper. Overall, we show that copper-exposed coho are unresponsive to their chemosensory environment, unprepared to evade nearby predators, and significantly less likely to survive an attack sequence. Our findings contribute to a growing understanding of how common environmental contaminants alter the chemical ecology of aquatic communities. C1 [McIntyre, Jenifer K.; Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McIntyre, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM jen.mcintyre@wsu.edu RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA Coastal Storms Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program [FP91656301] FX The authors thank J. Martin Grassley, Chris Tatara, Barry Berejikian, Dave Rose, Matt Gilman, Sarah McCarthy, and Evan Malczyk for technical assistance during this project. Coho during 2008 were donated by E. McClelland and K. Naish (University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA). This research was supported by the NOAA Coastal Storms Program and a grant to Jenifer McIntyre from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program. Although the research described in the article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program (grant FP91656301), it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 110 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1460 EP 1471 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400007 PM 22908706 ER PT J AU Kiernan, JD Moyle, PB Crain, PK AF Kiernan, Joseph D. Moyle, Peter B. Crain, Patrick K. TI Restoring native fish assemblages to a regulated California stream using the natural flow regime concept SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE assemblage structure; fish conservation; instream flow; introduced species; Mediterranean climate; Putah Creek, California, USA; stream fishes ID NONNATIVE FISHES; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; RIVER; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITY; REGIONS AB We examined the response of fishes to establishment of a new flow regime in lower Putah Creek, a regulated stream in California, USA. The new flow regime was designed to mimic the seasonal timing of natural increases and decreases in stream flow. We monitored fish assemblages annually at six sample sites distributed over similar to 30 km of stream for eight years before and nine years after the new flow regime was implemented. Our purpose was to determine whether more natural stream flow patterns would reestablish native fishes and reduce the abundances of alien (nonnative) fishes. At the onset of our study, native fishes were constrained to habitat immediately (<1 km) below the diversion dam, and alien species were numerically dominant at all downstream sample sites. Following implementation of the new flow regime, native fishes regained dominance across more than 20 km of lower Putah Creek. We propose that the expansion of native fishes was facilitated by creation of favorable spawning and rearing conditions (e.g., elevated springtime flows), cooler water temperatures, maintenance of lotic (flowing) conditions over the length of the creek, and displacement of alien species by naturally occurring high-discharge events. Importantly, restoration of native fishes was achieved by manipulating stream flows at biologically important times of the year and only required a small increase in the total volume of water delivered downstream (i.e., water that was not diverted for other uses) during most water years. Our results validate that natural flow regimes can be used to effectively manipulate and manage fish assemblages in regulated rivers. C1 [Kiernan, Joseph D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kiernan, Joseph D.; Moyle, Peter B.; Crain, Patrick K.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Crain, Patrick K.] ICF Int, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Kiernan, JD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM joseph.kiernan@noaa.gov FU California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission Instream Flow Assessment Program [IFAP-01]; Solano County Water Agency FX Insightful and constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript by Daniel J. McGarvey, Susan M. Sogard, and Carson A. Jeffres greatly improved its clarity and quality. We are grateful to Brendan Lehman for creating the location map. Funding for the analysis was provided by the California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission Instream Flow Assessment Program (grant number IFAP-01). The fish collection data were provided by Tim Salamunovich (Normandeau Associates), with funding from the Solano County Water Agency. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 69 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1472 EP 1482 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400008 PM 22908707 ER PT J AU Miller, DAW Weir, LA McClintock, BT Grant, EHC Bailey, LL Simons, TR AF Miller, David A. W. Weir, Linda A. McClintock, Brett T. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Bailey, Larissa L. Simons, Theodore R. TI Experimental investigation of false positive errors in auditory species occurrence surveys SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE false negative; false positive; misclassification; occupancy; occurrence; species richness; survey ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; ANURAN CALL SURVEYS; OCCUPANCY MODELS; CITIZEN SCIENCE; OBSERVER BIAS; POINT COUNTS; RECAPTURE; DENSITY; MISIDENTIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION AB False positive errors are a significant component of many ecological data sets, which in combination with false negative errors, can lead to severe biases in conclusions about ecological systems. We present results of a field experiment where observers recorded observations for known combinations of electronically broadcast calling anurans under conditions mimicking field surveys to determine species occurrence. Our objectives were to characterize false positive error probabilities for auditory methods based on a large number of observers, to determine if targeted instruction could be used to reduce false positive error rates, and to establish useful predictors of among-observer and among-species differences in error rates. We recruited 31 observers, ranging in abilities from novice to expert, who recorded detections for 12 species during 180 calling trials (66 960 total observations). All observers made multiple false positive errors, and on average 8.1% of recorded detections in the experiment were false positive errors. Additional instruction had only minor effects on error rates. After instruction, false positive error probabilities decreased by 16% for treatment individuals compared to controls with broad confidence interval overlap of 0 (95% CI: -46 to 30%). This coincided with an increase in false negative errors due to the treatment (26%; -3 to 61%). Differences among observers in false positive and in false negative error rates were best predicted by scores from an online test and a self-assessment of observer ability completed prior to the field experiment. In contrast, years of experience conducting call surveys was a weak predictor of error rates. False positive errors were also more common for species that were played more frequently but were not related to the dominant spectral frequency of the call. Our results corroborate other work that demonstrates false positives are a significant component of species occurrence data collected by auditory methods. Instructing observers to only report detections they are completely certain are correct is not sufficient to eliminate errors. As a result, analytical methods that account for false positive errors will be needed, and independent testing of observer ability is a useful predictor for among-observer variation in observation error rates. C1 [Miller, David A. W.; Weir, Linda A.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bailey, Larissa L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, US Geol Survey, N Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Miller, DAW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM davidmiller@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009; Miller, David/E-4492-2012; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014 OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 65 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1665 EP 1674 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400022 PM 22908721 ER PT J AU Fearnbach, H Durban, J Parsons, K Claridge, D AF Fearnbach, H. Durban, J. Parsons, K. Claridge, D. TI Photographic mark-recapture analysis of local dynamics within an open population of dolphins SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; bottlenose dolphin; capture-recapture; clusters; Jolly-Seber; Little Bahama Bank; northern Bahamas; mixture models; population dynamics; transients; Tursiops truncatus ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS; MODELING SURVIVAL; NEW-ZEALAND; HABITAT USE; BAY; DECLINE; HETEROGENEITY AB Identifying demographic changes is important for understanding population dynamics. However, this requires long-term studies of definable populations of distinct individuals, which can be particularly challenging when studying mobile cetaceans in the marine environment. We collected photo-identification data from 19 years (1992-2010) to assess the dynamics of a population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) restricted to the shallow (<7 m) waters of Little Bahama Bank, northern Bahamas. This population was known to range beyond our study area, so we adopted a Bayesian mixture modeling approach to mark-recapture to identify clusters of individuals that used the area to different extents, and we specifically estimated trends in survival, recruitment, and abundance of a "resident" population with high probabilities of identification. There was a high probability (p = 0.97) of a long-term decrease in the size of this resident population from a maximum of 47 dolphins (95% highest posterior density intervals, HPDI = 29-61) in 1996 to a minimum of just 24 dolphins (95% HPDI 14-37) in 2009, a decline of 49% (95% HPDI = -5% to -75%). This was driven by low per capita recruitment (average similar to 0.02) that could not compensate for relatively low apparent survival rates (average similar to 0.94). Notably, there was a significant increase in apparent mortality (similar to 5 apparent mortalities vs. similar to 2 on average) in 1999 when two intense hurricanes passed over the study area, with a high probability (p = 0.83) of a drop below the average survival probability (similar to 0.91 in 1999; similar to 0.94, on average). As such, our mark-recapture approach enabled us to make useful inference about local dynamics within an open population of bottlenose dolphins; this should be applicable to other studies challenged by sampling highly mobile individuals with heterogeneous space use. C1 [Fearnbach, H.; Parsons, K.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross Shire, Scotland. [Durban, J.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fearnbach, H.; Durban, J.; Parsons, K.; Claridge, D.] Bahamas Marine Mammal Res Org, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas. [Durban, J.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Parsons, K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fearnbach, H (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol, Lighthouse Field Stn, George St, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross Shire, Scotland. EM holly.fearnbach@noaa.gov FU Earthwatch Institute; Friends of the Environment (Abaco, Bahamas); Carnegie Trust from the University of Scotland; Mammal Society FX This study was made possible with financial support from Earthwatch Institute, Friends of the Environment (Abaco, Bahamas), the Carnegie Trust from the University of Scotland, and the Mammal Society, with permission to conduct research granted by the Bahamas Department of Marine Resources. Many Earthwatch volunteers, volunteer staff members, and student interns assisted tirelessly in data collection. The manuscript was greatly improved by insightful comments by P. Thompson and the reviewers. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1689 EP 1700 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 977IL UT WOS:000306650400024 PM 22908723 ER PT J AU Riddle, AC Hartten, LM Carter, DA Johnston, PE Williams, CR AF Riddle, Anthony C. Hartten, Leslie M. Carter, David A. Johnston, Paul E. Williams, Christopher R. TI A Minimum Threshold for Wind Profiler Signal-to-Noise Ratios SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NETWORK; ATMOSPHERE; RADARS; UHF AB One limiting factor in atmospheric radar observations is the inability to distinguish the often weak atmospheric signals from fluctuations of the noise. This study presents a minimum threshold of usability, SNRmin, for signal-to-noise ratios obtained from wind profiling radars. The basic form arises from theoretical considerations of radar noise; the final form includes empirical modifications based on radar observations. While SNRmin, was originally developed using data from the 50-MHz profiler at Poker Flat, Alaska, it works well with data collected from a wide range of locations, frequencies, and parameter settings. It provides an objective criterion to accept or reject individual spectra, can be quickly applied to a large quantity of data, and has a false-alarm rate of approximately 0.1%. While this threshold's form depends on the methods used to calculate SNR and spectral moments, variations of the threshold could be developed for use with data processed by other methods. C1 [Riddle, Anthony C.; Hartten, Leslie M.; Carter, David A.; Johnston, Paul E.; Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartten, Leslie M.; Carter, David A.; Johnston, Paul E.; Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab Phys, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hartten, LM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM leslie.m.hartten@noaa.gov RI Hartten, Leslie/F-1970-2010; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Hartten, Leslie/0000-0002-5620-6302; Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 FU NOAA's Office of Global Programs FX Dr. Anthony C. Riddle received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University, and spent much of his career doing radio astronomy and dealing with both signals in noise and noise as a signal. He died in December 2004, seven years after "retiring" from CIRES. We coauthors, who worked with him for many years at NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory and still make use of his computer code, datasets, and scientific results, miss Tony's energetic and rigorous approach to data analysis and quality control, his creativity, and most of all his ready and good-humored conversation. This research was supported by grants from NOAA's Office of Global Programs to NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 29 IS 7 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00173.1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 978CH UT WOS:000306717400001 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Harris, R Davis, R AF Kim, Yeon Seok Harris, Richard Davis, Rick TI Innovative Approach to Rapid Growth of Highly Clay-Filled Coatings on Porous Polyurethane Foam SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; THIN-FILMS; LAYER; FLAMMABILITY AB An, innovative twist to fabricating layer-by-layer coatings resulted in transparent, high-content clay coatings on porous polyurethane foam. The addition of an anionic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) monolayer between anionic clay and cationic branched-polyethylenimine (PEI) monolayers resulted in a trilayer nanocomposite structure with an order of magnitude thicker coating using 40% less monolayers than the conventional bilayer approach. The eight trilayer system thoroughly coated all internal and external surfaces of the porous polyurethane foam, creating a clay brick wall barrier that reduced the foam flammability by as much as 17% of the peak heat release rate and 21% of the total burn time. Though the flammability reduction is comparable to common commercial fire retardant polyurethane foam, the clay is used at a 50% lower amount and may be a greener solution as many of the commercial fire retardants (e.g., halogen bases) have potential environmental and health concerns. C1 [Kim, Yeon Seok; Harris, Richard; Davis, Rick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 1 IS 7 BP 820 EP 824 DI 10.1021/mz300102h PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 975IH UT WOS:000306503400008 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Good, TP Pearson, SF AF Harvey, C. J. Good, T. P. Pearson, S. F. TI Top-down influence of resident and overwintering Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in a model marine ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus); food webs; marine community ecology; trophic cascades; Larus spp.; Anas spp.; Melanitta spp.; Bucephala spp. ID GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULLS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FISH PRODUCTION; TROPHIC CONTROL; BOTTOM-UP; WASHINGTON; PACIFIC; ECOLOGY; ECOPATH; REPRODUCTION AB Conservation of predators presents challenges when predators affect prey populations that provide ecosystem services. Near Puget Sound, resident and overwintering populations of Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (L., 1766)) have expanded in recent decades. We modeled the potential impact of Bald Eagles on marine food-web structure. Bald Eagles caused trophic cascade dynamics through mid-level predators (seabirds) to lower trophic levels (fishes, benthic invertebrates), particularly when seabirds were more abundant in eagle diets. Resident Bald Eagles affected food-web structure more than overwintering eagles, despite the latters' greater abundance. Predator avoidance behavior by nearshore diving birds and herbivorous birds exacerbated trophic cascade effects, but only in a narrow range of species. Variability in the number of overwintering Bald Eagles, which come to the area to feed on salmon carcasses (primarily chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)), had little effect on the food web. Our results indicate that Bald Eagles are important to marine food-web structure, owing to their high consumption rates and the high consumption rates of their seabird prey, but uncertainty about eagle diets limits our full understanding of their impact. In systems where Bald Eagles affect large seabird breeding colonies, their role in food-web structure is likely greater. C1 [Harvey, C. J.; Good, T. P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pearson, S. F.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Sci Div, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Chris.Harvey@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 54 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 90 IS 7 BP 903 EP 914 DI 10.1139/Z2012-059 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 977CM UT WOS:000306634000013 ER PT J AU Fortin, TJ AF Fortin, Tara J. TI Assessment of Variability in the Thermophysical Properties of Rocket Propellant RP-1 SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Upstream Engineering and Flow Assurance (ICUEFA) at the Spring Meeting of the American-Institute-of-Chemical-Engineers (AIChE) CY APR 01-05, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers ID DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; FUELS AB Density, speed of sound, and viscosity have been measured for 11 orthogonal blends of the rocket propellant RP-1. Density and speed of sound were measured over the temperature range of 278 to 343 K, while viscosity was measured from 263 to 373 K. All measurements were made at ambient atmospheric pressure. The density and sound speed data were used to derive adiabatic compressibilities, and those results are also reported. Different, yet significant, degrees of variability over the 11 RP-1 samples were observed for all reported properties. The largest variability was observed for viscosity. The measurement data were also compared to previously reported results for an additional RP-1 sample and to the predictions of an existing surrogate mixture model. Discrepancies were observed that seem to indicate a need for the development of a more general model to capture the whole range of thermophysical property variability that is possible with the RP-1 fuel. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortin, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway MS 838-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tfortin@boulder.nist.gov FU Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR F4FBEX9205G001] FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (Grant MIPR F4FBEX9205G001) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL PY 2012 VL 26 IS 7 BP 4383 EP 4394 DI 10.1021/ef3004009 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 975IE UT WOS:000306503100044 ER PT J AU Ivic, IR Zrnic, DS Yu, TY AF Ivic, Igor R. Zrnic, Dusan S. Yu, Tian-You TI Threshold Calculation for Coherent Detection in Dual-Polarization Weather Radars SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX GAUSSIAN-PROCESSES; STATISTICS; WSR-88D AB It is customary to censor signals in conventional weather radar using estimates of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and/or magnitude of autocorrelation coefficient at lag one. Dual-polarized weather radar provides a pair of highly correlated signals from the two orthogonally polarized returns. A novel censoring technique, previously proposed, sums powers, autocorrelations, and correlation between signals in the two channels and compares the sum to a threshold. In this paper an efficient procedure for calculating such a threshold is proposed. C1 [Ivic, Igor R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ivic, Igor R.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Ivic, IR (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM igor.ivic@noaa.gov FU National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; Air Force Weather Service through the Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Product Improvement (NPI); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227] FX Part of this work was supported by the National Weather Service, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Air Force Weather Service through the Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Product Improvement (NPI) program. Funding for the principal author was provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1227, United States Department of Commerce. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 2198 EP 2215 DI 10.1109/TAES.2012.6237588 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 975ND UT WOS:000306517100024 ER PT J AU Luo, JH Wu, H Zhou, W Kang, XD Fang, ZZ Wang, P AF Luo, Junhong Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Kang, Xiangdong Fang, Zhanzhao Wang, Ping TI LiBH4 center dot NH3BH3: A new lithium borohydride ammonia borane compound with a novel structure and favorable hydrogen storage properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage; Ammonia borane; Lithium borohydride; Dehydrogenation; BN ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GENERATION SYSTEM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DEHYDROGENATION; AMIDOBORANE; RELEASE; AMIDOTRIHYDROBORATE; REGENERATION; DISSOCIATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Mechanically milling milling ammonia borane and lithium borohydride in equivalent molar ratio results in the formation of a new complex, LiBH4 center dot NH3BH3. Its structure was successfully determined using combined X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations. LiBH4 center dot NH3BH3 was carefully studied in terms of its decomposition behavior and reversible dehydrogenation property, particularly in comparison with the component phases. In parallel to the property examination, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy techniques were employed to monitor the phase evolution and bonding structure changes in the reaction process. Our study found that LiBH4 center dot NH3BH3 first disproportionates into (LiBH4)(2)center dot NH3BH3 and NH3BH3, and the resulting mixture exhibits a three-step decomposition behavior upon heating to 450 degrees C, totally yielding similar to 15.7 wt% hydrogen. Interestingly, it was found that h-BN was formed at such a moderate temperature. And owing to the in situ formation of h-BN, LiBH4 center dot NH3BH3 exhibits significantly improved reversible dehydrogenation properties in comparison with the LiBH4 phase. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luo, Junhong; Kang, Xiangdong; Fang, Zhanzhao; Wang, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM huiwu@nist.gov; pingwang@imr.ac.cn RI Kang, Xiang-Dong/G-5434-2010; Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Wang, Ping/O-1069-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50771094, 50801059]; National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program) [2009AA05Z109]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) [2010CB631305]; Frontier Project of CAS Knowledge Innovation Program [KGCXZ-YW-342] FX The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50771094 and 50801059), the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2009AA05Z109), the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program, Grant No. 2010CB631305), the Frontier Project of CAS Knowledge Innovation Program (No. KGCXZ-YW-342) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 48 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2012 VL 37 IS 14 BP 10750 EP 10757 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.049 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 973WP UT WOS:000306391100031 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Hanagriff, JC Butler, S Madhkoor, AK Doucette, GJ AF Twiner, Michael J. Hanagriff, Joshua C. Butler, Suzanne Madhkoor, Ahmed K. Doucette, Gregory J. TI Induction of Apoptosis Pathways in Several Cell Lines following Exposure to the Marine Algal Toxin Azaspiracid SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA-CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTE CELLS; CASPASE ACTIVATION; CYTOCHROME-C; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MUSSELS; DEATH; SHELLFISH AB Azaspiracids (AZAs) are polyether marine dinoflagellate toxins that accumulate in shellfish and represent an emerging human health risk. Although there have been no deaths associated with the AZA toxins, humans exposed to AZAs experience severe gastrointestinal symptoms. This toxin class has been shown to be highly cytotoxic, a teratogen to developing fish, and a possible carcinogen in mice. Just recently, the AZAs have been shown to be potassium channel inhibitors. This report employed multiple human cell lines [Jurkat T lymphocytes, Caco-2 intestinal cells, and BE(2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells] in characterizing cytotoxicity and pathways of apoptosis. Cytotoxicity experiments were consistent with published literature that has shown that AZA1 is cytotoxic in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner to each cell type tested, with mean EC50 values ranging between 1.1 and 7.4 nM. Despite the absence of morphological indices indicating apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activity was higher in all cell types treated with AZA1. Furthermore, in T lymphocytes, the most sensitive cell type, the activities of initiator caspase-2 and caspase-10 and concentrations of intracellular cytochrome c were elevated. DNA fragmentation was also observed for T lymphocytes exposed to AZA1-AZA3. Collectively, our data confirm that AZA1 was highly cytotoxic to multiple cell types and that cells exposed to AZA1 underwent atypical apoptosis, possibly in conjunction with necrotic cytotoxicity. C1 [Twiner, Michael J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. [Twiner, Michael J.; Hanagriff, Joshua C.; Butler, Suzanne; Madhkoor, Ahmed K.; Doucette, Gregory J.] Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Twiner, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nat Sci, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM mtwiner@umd.umich.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 FU Sea Change strategy [221117]; Marine Institute and the Marine Research Subprogram of National Development Plan; European Regional Development Fund; National Science Foundation-Research Experience for Undergraduates [DBI-0552828]; U.S. Department of Defense A.S.SURE Program; University of Michigan-Dearborn Office of Research; NOAA/NOS FX This work (Grant-Aid Agreement 221117) was supported by the Sea Change strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Marine Research Subprogram of National Development Plan 2007-2013, cofinanced under the European Regional Development Fund; a National Science Foundation-Research Experience for Undergraduates Grant (DBI-0552828); the U.S. Department of Defense A.S.SURE Program; a University of Michigan-Dearborn Office of Research and Sponsored Programs Faculty Initiation and Seed Grant; and NOAA/NOS operational funds. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1493 EP 1501 DI 10.1021/tx3001785 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 973TE UT WOS:000306381900015 PM 22725096 ER PT J AU Theocharous, SP Theocharous, E Lehman, JH AF Theocharous, S. P. Theocharous, E. Lehman, J. H. TI The evaluation of the performance of two pyroelectric detectors with vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube coatings SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Black coatings; Carbon nanotubes; Linearity of response; Pyroelectric detectors; Responsivity ID BLACK COATINGS AB Two LiTaO3 pyroelectric detectors coated with vertically aligned multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) black coatings were assembled and evaluated using NPL's detector characterisation facilities. The vertically-aligned nanotube array (VANTA) black coatings were grown on a silicon substrate and subsequently lifted off the silicon and bonded on the pyroelectric crystal substrates. Despite some drawbacks, this method was shown to provide a reliable way of coating delicate substrates such as pyroelectric crystals with VANTA coatings. The performance of the coated and uncoated detectors was evaluated and compared by coating only half of the active area of the test detectors, leaving the other half uncoated. The relative spectral responsivity of the VANTA-coated pyroelectric detectors was shown to be spectrally flat in the 0.8-14 mu m wavelength range within the uncertainty of the measurements. The spatial uniformity of response of both detectors exhibited fine structure which was assigned either to the thickness of the VANTA coatings or to their bonding to the pyroelectric crystal. Both coated and uncoated detectors exhibited a super-linear response. This observation was expected in the case of the uncoated detectors, but was surprising in the case of the coated detectors and indicates that the thermal conductivity of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes is high along their long axis. The spatial variations of the phase delay experienced by the signal propagating through the VANTA coatings indicate that the thermal diffusivity of the coatings is not spatially uniform. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Theocharous, E.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Theocharous, S. P.] Tiffin Sch, Surrey KT2 6RL, England. [Lehman, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Theocharous, E (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM e.theo@npl.co.uk FU Nuffield Foundation; National Measurement Office of the UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills FX S.P.T. wishes to thank the Nuffield Foundation for funding his stay at NPL during which the work was completed. S.P.T also wishes to thank Dr. C.J. Chunnilall for useful discussions. E.T. acknowledges support from the National Measurement Office of the UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 55 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2012.03.006 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 973UB UT WOS:000306384200011 ER PT J AU Churnside, AB Sullan, RMA Nguyen, DM Case, SO Bull, MS King, GM Perkins, TT AF Churnside, Allison B. Sullan, Ruby May A. Nguyen, Duc M. Case, Sara O. Bull, Matthew S. King, Gavin M. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Routine and Timely Sub-picoNewton Force Stability and Precision for Biological Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; scanning probe microscopy; single molecule force spectroscopy; drift; overstretching DNA; cantilever ID SINGLE CALMODULIN MOLECULES; DNA-MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN; CANTILEVERS; MECHANICS; SURFACES; AFM AB Force drift is a significant, yet unresolved, problem in atomic force 1 microscopy (AFM). We show that the primary source of force drift for a popular class of cantilevers is their gold coating, even though they are coated on both sides to minimize drift. Drift of the zero-force position of the cantilever was reduced from 900 nm for gold-coated cantilevers to 70 nm (N = 10; rms) for uncoated cantilevers over the first 2 h after wetting the tip; a majority of these uncoated cantilevers (60%) showed significantly less drift (12 nm, rms). Removing the gold also led to similar to 10-fold reduction in reflected light, yet short-term (0.1-10 s) force precision improved. Moreover, improved force precision did not require extended settling; most of the cantilevers tested (9 out of 15) achieved sub-pN force precision (0.54 +/- 0.02 pN) over a broad bandwidth (0.01-10 Hz) just 30 min after loading. Finally, this precision was maintained while stretching DNA. Hence, removing gold enables both routine and timely access to sub-pN force precision in liquid over extended periods (100 s). We expect that many current and future applications of AFM can immediately benefit from these improvements in force stability and precision. C1 [Churnside, Allison B.; Sullan, Ruby May A.; Nguyen, Duc M.; Case, Sara O.; Bull, Matthew S.; King, Gavin M.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Churnside, Allison B.; Bull, Matthew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nguyen, Duc M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu RI Sullan, Ruby /L-7511-2016; OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 FU NIH [T32 GM-065103]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface; Butcher Grant; National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844, MCB-1054832]; NIST FX The authors thank Jason Cleveland and Deron Walters for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by an NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Scholarship (ABC, T32 GM-065103), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (G.M.K.), a Butcher Grant, the National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phys-1125844, and MCB-1054832 (G.M.K.)], and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T.T.P. is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 12 IS 7 BP 3557 EP 3561 DI 10.1021/nl301166w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 972QY UT WOS:000306296200034 PM 22694769 ER PT J AU Ngan, F Byun, D Kim, H Lee, D Rappengluck, B Pour-Biazar, A AF Ngan, Fong Byun, Daewon Kim, Hyuncheol Lee, Daegyun Rappenglueck, Bernhard Pour-Biazar, Arastoo TI Performance assessment of retrospective meteorological inputs for use in air quality modeling during TexAQS 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE TexAQS 2006; Sea-breeze; Houston ozone; MM5; CMAQ; Nudging; Objective analysis ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; HOUSTON; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; OZONE AB To achieve more accurate meteorological inputs than was used in the daily forecast for studying the TexAQS 2006 air quality, retrospective simulations were conducted using objective analysis and 3D/surface analysis nudging with surface and upper observations. Model ozone using the assimilated meteorological fields with improved wind fields shows better agreement with the observation compared to the forecasting results. In the post-frontal conditions, important factors for ozone modeling in terms of wind patterns are the weak easterlies in the morning for bringing in industrial emissions to the city and the subsequent clockwise turning of the wind direction induced by the Coriolis force superimposing the sea breeze, which keeps pollutants in the urban area. Objective analysis and nudging employed in the retrospective simulation minimize the wind bias but are not able to compensate for the general flow pattern biases inherited from large scale inputs. By using an alternative analyses data for initializing the meteorological simulation, the model can re-produce the flow pattern and generate the ozone peak location closer to the reality. The inaccurate simulation of precipitation and cloudiness cause over-prediction of ozone occasionally. Since there are limitations in the meteorological model to simulate precipitation and cloudiness in the fine scale domain (less than 4-km grid), the satellite-based cloud is an alternative way to provide necessary inputs for the retrospective study of air quality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ngan, Fong; Byun, Daewon; Kim, Hyuncheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Lee, Daegyun] Natl Inst Environm Res, Inchon, South Korea. [Rappenglueck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Pour-Biazar, Arastoo] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Ngan, F (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM fantine.ngan@noaa.gov RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 54 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.035 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971JQ UT WOS:000306200600011 ER PT J AU Wen, DY Lin, JC Millet, DB Stein, AF Draxler, RR AF Wen, Deyong Lin, John C. Millet, Dylan B. Stein, Ariel F. Draxler, Roland R. TI A backward-time stochastic Lagrangian air quality model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Lagrangian model; Cross-border pollutant transport; Tropospheric ozone ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OZONE POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; CHEMISTRY; LAYER; TRAJECTORIES; DISPERSION; ONTARIO; CANADA AB We describe a backward-time Lagrangian air quality model based on time-reversed, stochastic particle trajectories. The model simulates the transport of air parcels backward in time using ensembles of fictitious particles with stochastic motions generated from the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (STILT). Due to the fact that STILT was originally developed out of the HYSPLIT lineage, the model leverages previous work (Stein et al., 2000) that implemented within HYSPLIT a chemical scheme (CB4). Chemical transformations according to the CB4 scheme are calculated along trajectories identified by the backward-time simulations. This approach opens up several key advantages: 1) exclusive focus upon air parcels that affect the receptor's air quality; 2) the separation of transport processes-elucidated by backward-time trajectories-from chemical reactions that enables implications of multiple emission scenarios to be probed; 3) the potential to incorporate detailed sub-gridscale mixing and transport phenomena that are not tied to Eulerian gridcells. The model was used to simulate concentrations of air quality-relevant species (O-3 and NO,) at eight measurement sites in the Canadian province of Ontario. The model-predicted concentrations were compared with observations, and comparisons show that simulated O-3 concentrations usually agree well with observations across sites in rural areas, small towns, and big urban regions. Furthermore, the backward-time model showed improved performance over the previous approach involving forward-time particle trajectories, especially for O-3. However, the model under-estimated NOx at sites away from the big cities, possibly due to the inability of the coarsely gridded emission grids to resolve fine-scale NOx sources. Influences of cross-border transport of U.S. emission sources on the test sites were investigated using the model by turning off anthropogenic and natural U.S. emission sources. The model results suggest that total U.S. emissions contributed more than 30% of O-3 concentrations at the target sites and that over half of all hours during the simulation period were affected either by anthropogenic or natural emissions from the U.S. sources, indicating the importance of U.S. sources for air quality across Ontario. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wen, Deyong; Lin, John C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo Atmosphere Land Interact Res Grp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Millet, Dylan B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Stein, Ariel F.; Draxler, Roland R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Wen, DY (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo Atmosphere Land Interact Res Grp, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM dwen@scimail.uwaterloo.ca RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198 FU Environment Canada and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX D. Wen was supported by grants from Environment Canada and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada J. Lin would like to thank Christoph Gerbig for helpful discussions regarding the backward-time approach to modelling atmospheric chemistry. NR 81 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 54 BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.042 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 971JQ UT WOS:000306200600045 ER PT J AU Golmie, N Scaglione, A Lampe, L Yeh, E AF Golmie, Nada Scaglione, Anna Lampe, Lutz Yeh, Edmund TI Smart Grid Communications SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Networking Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scaglione, Anna] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lampe, Lutz] Univ British Columbia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Yeh, Edmund] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Networking Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1026 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2012.120701 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 968MC UT WOS:000305984500001 ER PT J AU Hagen, AB Strahan-Sakoskie, D Luckett, C AF Hagen, Andrew B. Strahan-Sakoskie, Donna Luckett, Christopher TI A Reanalysis of the 1944-53 Atlantic Hurricane Seasons-The First Decade of Aircraft Reconnaissance SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATOLOGY; DATABASE AB The main historical archive of all tropical storms, subtropical storms, and hurricanes in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico from 1851 to the present is known as the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), which is the fundamental database for meteorological, engineering, and financial studies of these cyclones. Previous work has demonstrated that a reanalysis of HURDAT is necessary because it contains many random errors and systematic biases. The Atlantic Hurricane Reanalysis Project is an ongoing effort to correct the errors in HURDAT and to make HURDAT as accurate a database as possible with utilization of all available data. For this study, HURDAT is reanalyzed for the period 1944-53, the first decade of the "aircraft reconnaissance era." The track and intensity of each existing tropical cyclone in HURDAT are reassessed, and previously unrecognized tropical cyclones are discovered, analyzed, and recommended to the HURDAT Best Track Change Committee for inclusion into HURDAT (existing tropical cyclones may be removed from the database as well if analyses indicate evidence that no tropical storm existed). Changes to the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, major hurricanes, accumulated cyclone energy, and U.S. landfalling hurricanes are recommended for most years of the decade. Estimates of uncertainty in the reanalyzed database for the decade are also provided. C1 [Strahan-Sakoskie, Donna] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hagen, Andrew B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Luckett, Christopher] NOAA, Educ Partnership Program, Miami, FL USA. RP Hagen, AB (reprint author), 12650 N Featherwood, Houston, TX 77034 USA. EM abh5000@gmail.com FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX Support for this research is from the NOAA Climate Program Office through a funded proposal titled "Re-Analysis of the Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Database in the Modern Era." NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 13 BP 4441 EP 4460 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00419.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GN UT WOS:000306043800003 ER PT J AU Hagen, AB Landsea, CW AF Hagen, Andrew B. Landsea, Christopher W. TI On the Classification of Extreme Atlantic Hurricanes Utilizing Mid-Twentieth-Century Monitoring Capabilities SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; SEASON; REANALYSIS; INTENSITY; DATABASE AB An investigation is conducted to determine how improvements in observing capabilities and technology may have affected scientists' ability to detect and monitor Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Category 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean basin during the mid-twentieth century. Previous studies state that there has been an increase in the number of intense hurricanes and attribute this increase to anthropogenic global warming. Other studies claim that the apparent increased hurricane activity is an artifact of better observational capabilities and improved technology for detecting these intense hurricanes. The present study focuses on the 10 most recent Category 5 hurricanes recorded in the Atlantic, from Hurricane Andrew (1992) through Hurricane Felix (2007). These 10 hurricanes are placed into the context of the technology available in the period of 1944-53, the first decade of aircraft reconnaissance. A methodology is created to determine how many of these 10 recent Category 5 hurricanes likely would have been recorded as Category 5 if they had occurred during this period using only the observations that likely would have been available with existing technology and observational networks. Late-1940s and early-1950s best-track intensities are determined for the entire lifetime of these 10 recent Category 5 hurricanes. It is found that likely only 2 of these 10 both Category 5 landfalling hurricanes would have been recorded as Category 5 hurricanes if they had occurred during the late-1940s period. The results suggest that intensity estimates for extreme tropical cyclones prior to the satellite era are unreliable for trend and variability analysis. C1 [Hagen, Andrew B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Landsea, Christopher W.] NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Hagen, AB (reprint author), 7171 Buffalo Speedway,Apt 1736, Houston, TX 77025 USA. EM abh5000@gmail.com FU NOAA Climate Program Office FX Support for this research is from the NOAA Climate Program Office through a funded proposal titled "Reanalysis of the Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Database in the Modern Era." NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 13 BP 4461 EP 4475 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00420.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GN UT WOS:000306043800004 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Platnick, S Ackerman, SA Hemler, RS Hofmann, RJP AF Pincus, Robert Platnick, Steven Ackerman, Steven A. Hemler, Richard S. Hofmann, Robert J. Patrick TI Reconciling Simulated and Observed Views of Clouds: MODIS, ISCCP, and the Limits of Instrument Simulators SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PART I; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; FRACTION ERRORS; OPTICAL DEPTH; ECMWF MODEL; WATER-VAPOR; VALIDATION; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB The properties of clouds that may be observed by satellite instruments, such as optical thickness and cloud-top pressure, are only loosely related to the way clouds are represented in models of the atmosphere. One way to bridge this gap is through "instrument simulators," diagnostic tools that map the model representation to synthetic observations so that differences can be interpreted as model error. But simulators may themselves be restricted by limited information or by internal assumptions. This paper considers the extent to which instrument simulators are able to capture essential differences between the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD'S) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), two similar but independent estimates of cloud properties. The authors review the measurements and algorithms underlying these two cloud climatologies, introduce a MOD IS simulator, and detail datasets developed for comparison with global models using ISCCP and MODIS simulators. In nature MODIS observes less midlevel cloudiness than ISCCP, consistent with the different methods used to determine cloud-top pressure: aspects of this difference are reproduced by the simulators. Differences in observed distributions of optical thickness, however, are not captured. The largest differences can be traced to different approaches to partly cloudy pixels, which MODIS excludes and ISCCP treats as homogeneous. These cover roughly 15% of the planet and account for most of the optically thinnest clouds. Instrument simulators cannot reproduce these differences because there is no way to synthesize partly cloudy pixels. Nonetheless, MODIS and ISCCP observations are consistent for all but the optically thinnest clouds, and models can be robustly evaluated using instrument simulators by integrating over the robust subset of observations. C1 [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pincus, Robert; Hofmann, Robert J. Patrick] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA, Div Earth Sci, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Ackerman, Steven A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Hemler, Richard S.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Pincus, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567 FU NASA [NNX08AD65G] FX We appreciate advice from Stephen A. Klein on the design of the MODIS simulator and with helping us sharpen the arguments in the initial manuscript. We thank Tony Del Genio, Larry Di Girolamo, and Roger Marchand for a terrifically helpful set of reviews. Gang Ye and Gary Fu of the MOD IS Data Processing System went to great lengths to produce our custom dataset from the original MODIS files, and Gala Wind processed heroic amounts of data to help us understand the impact of clear-sky restoral. We are grateful to Yuying Zhang for help in the production of the ISCCP dataset and to Paul Hubanks for sharing essential knowledge about the details of the MOD IS level 3 products. RP thanks the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (Hamburg) for its gracious hospitality and lively discussions during portions of this project. This work was supported by NASA under Grant NNX08AD65G. NR 76 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 13 BP 4699 EP 4720 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00267.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969GN UT WOS:000306043800017 ER PT J AU Long, WC Popp, J Swiney, KM Van Sant, SB AF Long, W. Christopher Popp, Jessica Swiney, Katherine M. Van Sant, Scott B. TI Cannibalism in red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815): Effects of habitat type and predator density on predator functional response SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cannibalism; Functional response; Habitat; Predation; Red king crab ID JUVENILE BLUE CRABS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; ALTERNATIVE PREY; DEPENDENT PREDATION; INTERFERENCE; ALASKA; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB Red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, an important fishery species in Alaska, exhibits cannibalism both within and among age classes. Cannibalism in crab species can be an important determinant of recruitment success, and this might be especially important in king crab because year-0 and year-1 crab occupy the same habitat types in the wild. In this study we used laboratory experiments to determine the predator functional response, or the effect of prey density on predation rates of year-1 crab preying on year-0 crab in three different habitat types: Sand, which was unstructured soft sediment, Whole Shell, which was whole clam valves, and Shell Hash, which was smaller pieces of crushed shell. We also examined how predator density (one or two predators) affects the functional response. The data was fit to Type I, or density independent, Type II, or inversely density dependent, and Type III, or density dependent, functional response models and the best fit model was chosen using Akaike's information criterion. The functional response was a Type II in all habitat types; however, the predation rate was lower at all prey densities in the Whole Shell habitat than in Shell Hash and Sand. The functional response was a Type 11 at both predator densities as well. The presence of a second predator decreased both the attack rate and the handling time, resulting in slightly lower predation rates at low prey densities, and slightly higher predation rates at high prey densities when compared to the single predator treatment. This indicates a low level of predator interference. This work has implications for potential stock enhancement activities, as year-1 crab could inhibit enhancement success though cannibalism of introduced year-0 crab, especially given the destabilizing nature of the Type II functional response. A potential solution would be to enhance a given area only every other year to give previous cohorts a chance to start podding in less complex habitats. Future work should examine whether the presence of alternative prey changes the functional response to a Type III, as this would give year-0 crabs a low-density refuge from predation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Popp, Jessica; Swiney, Katherine M.; Van Sant, Scott B.] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Ct, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU NOAA Hollings Fellowship FX We thank the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery for providing the crab used in this experiment. We thank Lexa Meyer, Karen Barnard, Kyle Tidwell, Caitlin Harris, Heather Page, and Ryan Fields for help performing the experiments. JP was supported by a NOAA Hollings Fellowship. Earlier versions of this manuscript were improved by comments by Jordana Long and an anonymous reviewer. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. [SS] NR 50 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 422 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.04.019 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 972RV UT WOS:000306298500013 ER PT J AU DeGraffenreid, W Campbell, SC Sansonetti, CJ AF DeGraffenreid, W. Campbell, Sarah C. Sansonetti, Craig J. TI Reference lines in the optogalvanic spectra of uranium and thorium in the wavelength range 422 to 462 nm SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMPS; CALIBRATION; REGION AB The spectra of uranium and thorium are convenient sources of reference lines for wavelength calibration at the level of a few parts in 10(8). We observed these spectra by laser optogalvanic spectroscopy in commercial hollow-cathode lamps using a single-frequency cw dye laser operating over the wavelength range 422 to 462 nm. Ten uranium and eight thorium lines were measured with an estimated uncertainty of 0.0003 cm(-1) by using our Fabry-Perot wavemeter. The results are compared to previous measurements of these lines and are found to be in good agreement with, and 1 order of magnitude more accurate than, values determined by Fourier-transform spectroscopy. C1 [DeGraffenreid, W.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Phys & Astron, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Campbell, Sarah C.; Sansonetti, Craig J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeGraffenreid, W (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Phys & Astron, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM degraff@csus.edu FU NIST FX Portions of this work were carried out while W. DeGraffenreid was a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow at NIST. Sarah Campbell was supported by a NIST 2002 Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1580 EP 1583 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 970CW UT WOS:000306106700004 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Small-Angle Scattering From Branched Polymers SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article DE branched polymers; dendrimers; small-angle scattering; structure; Zimm plot AB The single-polymer form factor is determined for branched polymers using a scaling argument in order to recover the low-Q Porod exponent characteristic of the overall structure. The high-Q Porod exponent characterizes the local branching structure. An alternative approach based on a high-Q expansion contains information about functionality, branch length and branch content. The specific case of a starburst dendrimer for which the form factor is known is discussed. The model predictions are compared to small-angle neutron scattering data from a dilute solution of dendrimer in D2O. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Fruitful discussions with Ron Jones are appreciated. Disclaimer: The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 21 IS 6 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1002/mats.201100111 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 970NL UT WOS:000306137800004 ER PT J AU Weiss, SA MacGorman, DR Calhoun, KM AF Weiss, Stephanie A. MacGorman, Donald R. Calhoun, Kristin M. TI Lightning in the Anvils of Supercell Thunderstorms SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; PART II; POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES; STRATIFORM REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ELECTRIFICATION; STORM; PRECIPITATION; CLOUDS; CHARGE AB This study uses data from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array (OK-LMA), the National Lightning Detection Network, and the Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), prototype Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar to examine the evolution and structure of lightning in the anvils of supercell storms as they relate to storm dynamics and microphysics. Several supercell storms within the domain of the OK-LMA were examined to determine whether they had lightning in the anvil region, and if so, the time and location of the initiation of the anvil flashes were determined. Every warm-season supercell storm had some flashes that were initiated in or near the stronger reflectivities of the parent storm and propagated 40-70 km downstream to penetrate well into the anvil. Some supercell storms also had flashes that were initiated within the anvil itself, 40-100 km beyond the closest 30-dBZ contour of the storm. These flashes were typically initiated in one of three locations: 1) coincident with a local reflectivity maximum, 2) between the uppermost storm charge and a screening-layer charge of opposite polarity near the cloud boundary, or 3) in a region in which the anvils from two adjoining storms intersected. In some storms, anvil flashes struck ground beneath a reflectivity maximum in which reflectivity >= 20 dBZ had extended below the 0 degrees C isotherm, possibly leading to the formation of embedded convection. This relationship may be useful for identifying regions in which there is a heightened risk for cloud-to-ground strikes beneath anvil clouds. In one storm, however, anvil lightning struck ground even though this reflectivity signature was absent. C1 [Weiss, Stephanie A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.; Calhoun, Kristin M.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [MacGorman, Donald R.; Calhoun, Kristin M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Weiss, SA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sweiss@ou.edu OI MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NASA EPSCoR [NNX07AV48A]; NSF [ATM-0233268, ATM-0924621]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Terry Schuur and Clark Payne for their help acquiring and processing KOUN radar data and Eric Bruning and Conrad Ziegler for providing input and discussion on the topics of this paper. This work was funded by NASA EPSCoR Grant NNX07AV48A, NSF Grants ATM-0233268 and ATM-0924621, and NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 58 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 140 IS 7 BP 2064 EP 2079 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00312.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970VF UT WOS:000306159700003 ER PT J AU Naylor, J Gilmore, MS Thompson, RL Edwards, R Wilhelmson, RB AF Naylor, Jason Gilmore, Matthew S. Thompson, Richard L. Edwards, Roger Wilhelmson, Robert B. TI Comparison of Objective Supercell Identification Techniques Using an Idealized Cloud Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; THUNDERSTORM ENVIRONMENTS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; AIRFLOW; SHEAR; RESOLUTION; EVOLUTION; FORECASTS; HELICITY AB The accuracy, reliability, and skill of several objective supercell identification methods are evaluated using 113 simulations from an idealized cloud model with 1-km horizontal grid spacing. Horizontal cross sections of vorticity and radar reflectivity at both mid- and low levels were analyzed for the presence of a supercell, every 5 min of simulation time, to develop a "truth" database. Supercells were identified using well-known characteristics such as hook echoes, inflow notches, bounded weak-echo regions (BWERs), and the presence of significant vertical vorticity. The three objective supercell identification techniques compared were the Pearson correlation (PC) using an analysis window centered on the midlevel storm updraft; a modified Pearson correlation (MPC), which calculates the PC at every point in the horizontal using a small 3 km x 3 km analysis window; and updraft helicity (UH). Results show that the UH method integrated from 2 to 5 km AGL, and using a threshold value of 180 m(2) s(-2), was equally as accurate as the M PC technique averaged from 2 to 5 km AGL and using a minimum updraft threshold of 7 m s(-1) with a detection threshold of 0.3-in discriminating between supercells and nonsupercells for 1-km horizontal grid spacing simulations. At courser resolutions, the UH technique performed best, while the M PC technique produced the largest threat scores for higher-resolution simulations. In addition, requiring that the supercell detection thresholds last at least 20 min reduced the number of false alarms. C1 [Naylor, Jason; Gilmore, Matthew S.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Thompson, Richard L.; Edwards, Roger] Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Wilhelmson, Robert B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wilhelmson, Robert B.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Naylor, J (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Clifford Hall,Room 400,4149 Univ Ave,Stop 9006, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM jason.naylor@und.edu FU NSF [AGS-0843269] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant AGS-0843269. Computational resources were provided by Teragrid allocations TG-ATM100048 and TG-MCA94P023. Mr. Lawrence Burkett also helped provide subjective supercell scoring of each case, and Mr. Jon Siwek helped prepare the simulations. We would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 140 IS 7 BP 2090 EP 2102 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00209.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970VF UT WOS:000306159700005 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM AF Hamill, Thomas M. TI Verification of TIGGE Multimodel and ECMWF Reforecast-Calibrated Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts over the Contiguous United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; KALMAN FILTER; SKILL; COMBINATION; ERROR; REPRESENTATION AB Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) were generated from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) database from July to October 2010 using data from Europe (ECMWF), the United Kingdom [Met Office (UKMO)1, the United States (NCEP), and Canada [Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC)]. Forecasts of 24-h accumulated precipitation were evaluated at 1 degrees grid spacing within the contiguous United States against analysis data based on gauges and bias-corrected radar data. PQPFs from ECMWF's ensembles generally had the highest skill of the raw ensemble forecasts, followed by CMC. Those of UKMO and NCEP were less skillful. PQPFs from CMC forecasts were the most reliable but the least sharp, and PQPFs from NCEP and UKMO ensembles were the least reliable but sharper. Multimodel PQPFs were more reliable and skillful than individual ensemble prediction system forecasts. The improvement was larger for heavier precipitation events [e.g., >10 mm (24 h)(-1)] than for smaller events (e.g., >1 mm (24 h)(-1)]. ECMWF ensembles were statistically postprocessed using extended logistic regression and the five-member weekly reforecasts for the June November period of 2002-09, the period where precipitation analyses were also available. Multimodel ensembles were also postprocessed using logistic regression and the last 30 days of prior forecasts and analyses. The reforecast-calibrated ECMWF PQPFs were much more skillful and reliable for the heavier precipitation events than ECMWF raw forecasts but much less sharp. Raw multimodel PQPFs were generally more skillful than reforecast-calibrated ECMWF PQPFs for the light precipitation events but had about the same skill for the higher-precipitation events; also, they were sharper but somewhat less reliable than ECMWF reforecast-based PQPFs. Postprocessed multimodel PQPFs did not provide as much improvement to the raw multimodel PQPF as the reforecast-based processing did to the ECMWF forecast. The evidence presented here suggests that all operational centers, even ECMWF, would benefit from the open, real-time sharing of precipitation forecast data and the use of reforecasts. C1 NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 140 IS 7 BP 2232 EP 2252 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00220.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 970VF UT WOS:000306159700013 ER PT J AU Gleckler, PJ Santer, BD Domingues, CM Pierce, DW Barnett, TP Church, JA Taylor, KE AchutaRao, KM Boyer, TP Ishii, M Caldwell, PM AF Gleckler, P. J. Santer, B. D. Domingues, C. M. Pierce, D. W. Barnett, T. P. Church, J. A. Taylor, K. E. AchutaRao, K. M. Boyer, T. P. Ishii, M. Caldwell, P. M. TI Human-induced global ocean warming on multidecadal timescales SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL CHANGES; HEAT-CONTENT; WORLDS OCEANS; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB Large-scale increases in upper-ocean temperatures are evident in observational records(1). Several studies have used well-established detection and attribution methods to demonstrate that the observed basin-scale temperature changes are consistent with model responses to anthropogenic forcing and inconsistent with model-based estimates of natural variability(2-5). These studies relied on a single observational data set and employed results from only one or two models. Recent identification of systematic instrumental biases(6) in expendable bathythermograph data has led to improved estimates of ocean temperature variability and trends(7-9) and provide motivation to revisit earlier detection and attribution studies. We examine the causes of ocean warming using these improved observational estimates, together with results from a large multimodel archive of externally forced and unforced simulations. The time evolution of upper ocean temperature changes in the newer observational estimates is similar to that of the multimodel average of simulations that include the effects of volcanic eruptions. Our detection and attribution analysis systematically examines the sensitivity of results to a variety of model and data-processing choices. When global mean changes are included, we consistently obtain a positive identification (at the 1% significance level) of an anthropogenic fingerprint in observed upper-ocean temperature changes, thereby substantially strengthening existing detection and attribution evidence. C1 [Gleckler, P. J.; Santer, B. D.; Taylor, K. E.; Caldwell, P. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Domingues, C. M.] Antarctic & Climate Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Domingues, C. M.; Church, J. A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Domingues, C. M.; Church, J. A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Pierce, D. W.; Barnett, T. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Climate Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [AchutaRao, K. M.] Indian Inst Technol, Delhi 110016, India. [Boyer, T. P.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ishii, M.] Meteorol Res Inst, Climate Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. RP Gleckler, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Mail Code L-103,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gleckler1@llnl.gov RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Church, John/A-1541-2012; Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014; Domingues, Catia /A-2901-2015 OI Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194; Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Domingues, Catia /0000-0001-5100-4595 FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive Postdoctoral Fellowship; Australian Climate Change Science Program; Australian Academy of Science; US Department of Energy's International ad hoc Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG) FX We acknowledge the climate model development groups for providing their simulation output for analysis, PCMDi for collecting and archiving this data and the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling for organizing the model data analysis activity. The CMIP3 multimodel data set is supported by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (by P.J.G., P.M.C., B.D.S. and K.E.T.) was carried out under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. C.M.D. was partly financially supported by a CSIRO Office of the Chief Executive Postdoctoral Fellowship, the Australian Climate Change Science Program and the Australian Academy of Science (Scientific Visit to North America Program). D.W.P. was partially funded by the US Department of Energy's International ad hoc Detection and Attribution Group (IDAG). NR 26 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 62 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 2 IS 7 BP 524 EP 529 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1553 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972AS UT WOS:000306249500017 ER PT J AU Zhou, LM Tian, YH Roy, SB Thorncroft, C Bosart, LF Hu, YL AF Zhou, Liming Tian, Yuhong Roy, Somnath Baidya Thorncroft, Chris Bosart, Lance F. Hu, Yuanlong TI Impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE; ENERGY; REANALYSIS; SATELLITE; PRODUCTS; RANGE; MODIS AB The wind industry in the United States has experienced a remarkably rapid expansion of capacity in recent years and this fast growth is expected to continue in the future(1-3). While converting wind's kinetic energy into electricity, wind turbines modify surface-atmosphere exchanges and the transfer of energy, momentum, mass and moisture within the atmosphere(4-6). These changes, if spatially large enough, may have noticeable impacts on local to regional weather and climate. Here we present observational evidence for such impacts based on analyses of satellite data for the period of 2003-2011 over a region in west-central Texas, where four of the world's largest wind farms are located(7). Our results show a significant warming trend of up to 0.72 degrees C per decade, particularly at night-time, over wind farms relative to nearby non-wind-farm regions. We attribute this warming primarily to wind farms as its spatial pattern and magnitude couples very well with the geographic distribution of wind turbines. C1 [Zhou, Liming; Thorncroft, Chris; Bosart, Lance F.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Tian, Yuhong] IM Syst Grp Inc, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Roy, Somnath Baidya] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hu, Yuanlong] Terra Gen Power LLC, San Diego, CA 92130 USA. RP Zhou, LM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM lzhou@albany.edu RI Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012 FU University at Albany, State University of New York; National Science Foundation (NSF IPA) [0824354] FX This study was supported by the startup financial support provided by the University at Albany, State University of New York and by the National Science Foundation (NSF IPA no. 0824354). The ECMWF interim reanalysis data is obtained from the ECMWF data server. The NARR reanalysis data is provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Environmental Modeling Center. NR 31 TC 52 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 55 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 2 IS 7 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1505 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 972AS UT WOS:000306249500020 ER PT J AU Cheng, CL Kang, M Perfect, E Voisin, S Horita, J Bilheux, HZ Warren, JM Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS AF Cheng, C. L. Kang, M. Perfect, E. Voisin, S. Horita, J. Bilheux, H. Z. Warren, J. M. Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. TI Average Soil Water Retention Curves Measured by Neutron Radiography SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ABSORPTION; FLOW AB Water retention curves are essential for understanding the hydrologic behavior of partially saturated porous media and modeling flow and transport processes within the vadose zone. We directly measured the main drying and wetting branches of the average water retention function obtained using two-dimensional neutron radiography. Flint sand columns were saturated with water and then drained and rewetted under quasi-equilibrium conditions using a hanging water column setup. Digital images (2048 by 2048 pixels) of the transmitted flux of neutrons were acquired at each imposed matric potential (similar to 10-15 matric potential values per experiment) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research BT-2 neutron imaging beam line. Volumetric water contents were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis using Beer-Lambert's law after taking into account beam hardening and geometric corrections. To account for silica attenuation and remove scattering effects at high water contents, the volumetric water contents were normalized (to give relative saturations) by dividing the drying and wetting sequences of images by the images obtained at saturation and satiation, respectively. The resulting pixel values were then averaged and combined with information on the imposed basal matric potentials to give average water retention curves. The average relative saturations obtained by neutron radiography showed an approximate one-to-one relationship with the average values measured volumetrically using the hanging water column setup. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the parameters of the van Genuchten equation fitted to the average neutron radiography data and those estimated from replicated hanging water column data. Our results indicate that neutron imaging is a very effective tool for quantifying the average water retention curve. C1 [Cheng, C. L.; Kang, M.; Perfect, E.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Voisin, S.; Bilheux, H. Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Horita, J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dep Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Warren, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, CL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dep Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ccheng7@utk.edu RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012; Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Cheng, Chu-Lin/G-3471-2013 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449; Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Cheng, Chu-Lin/0000-0002-1900-463X FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Joint Directed Research and Development (JDRD) Program of the University of Tennessee UT-ORNL Science Alliance FX This Research was financially supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Joint Directed Research and Development (JDRD) Program of the University of Tennessee UT-ORNL Science Alliance. We thank Keely Willis of the University of Wisconsin-Madison for her contributions made at the early stage of the image analyses. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1184 EP 1191 DI 10.2136/sssaj2011.0313 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 973JH UT WOS:000306355900006 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Roller, J Dougherty, B Yoon, HW AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Roller, John Dougherty, Brian Yoon, Howard W. TI Versatile light-emitting-diode-based spectral response measurement system for photovoltaic device characterization SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB An absolute differential spectral response measurement system for solar cells is presented. The system couples an array of light emitting diodes with an optical waveguide to provide large area illumination. Two unique yet complementary measurement methods were developed and tested with the same measurement apparatus. Good agreement was observed between the two methods based on testing of a variety of solar cells. The first method is a lock-in technique that can be performed over a broad pulse frequency range. The second method is based on synchronous multifrequency optical excitation and electrical detection. An innovative scheme for providing light bias during each measurement method is discussed. C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Roller, John; Dougherty, Brian] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 19 BP 4469 EP 4476 DI 10.1364/AO.51.004469 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 970AI UT WOS:000306100100026 PM 22772121 ER PT J AU Bajpai, R Motayed, A Davydov, AV Bertness, KA Zaghloul, ME AF Bajpai, Ritu Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Bertness, Kris A. Zaghloul, Mona E. TI UV-Assisted Alcohol Sensing With Zinc Oxide-Functionalized Gallium Nitride Nanowires SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Chemical sensors; nanoparticles; nanoscale devices; photoconductivity; semiconductor nanostructures ID GAN AB Alcohol sensors using gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) functionalized with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been demonstrated. These sensors operate at room temperature, are fully recoverable, and demonstrate a response and recovery time on the order of 100 s. The sensing is assisted by UV light within the 215-400-nm band and with the intensity of 375 nW/cm(2) measured at 365 nm. The ability to functionalize an inactive NW surface, with analyte-specific active metal-oxide nanoparticles, makes this sensor technique suitable for fabricating multianalyte sensor arrays. C1 [Bajpai, Ritu; Zaghloul, Mona E.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bajpai, R (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ritu_ece@gwmail.gwu.edu; amotayed@nist.gov; davydov@nist.gov; bertness@boulder.nist.gov; zaghloul@gwu.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 FU George Washington University; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported in part by The George Washington University and in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The review of this letter was arranged by Editor W. S. Wong. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1075 EP 1077 DI 10.1109/LED.2012.2194129 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 966KA UT WOS:000305835300053 ER PT J AU Kuester, DG Novotny, DR Guerrieri, JR Ibrahim, A Popovic, ZB AF Kuester, Daniel G. Novotny, David R. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. Ibrahim, Aniwar Popovic, Zoya B. TI Simple Test and Modeling of RFID Tag Backscatter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Backscatter; power harvesting; radio frequency identification (RFID); ultrahigh frequency (UHF) AB We consider here worst-case analysis of backscatter from passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The basis is a figure of merit "B" to relate link power at reader ports to tag circuit parameters. A minimum bound for received monostatic backscatter can be determined by inspection from measured B. The bound is general for narrowband signals in any causal linear propagation. For an assembled tag, this minimum varies only with reader transmit power, tag antenna tuning, and chip power sensitivity of different commands. To validate this model, we propose a backscatter calibration device to enable measurements with estimated +/- 0.5 dB uncertainty. We then demonstrate how the minimum bound can inform reader sensitivity specification to help ensure reliable inventory performance. C1 [Kuester, Daniel G.; Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.; Ibrahim, Aniwar; Popovic, Zoya B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kuester, DG (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dkuester@nist.gov FU Office of Standards, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, with the National Institute of Standards and Technology [HSHQDC-09-X-00305]; Hudson Moore Jr. Professorship at the University of Colorado FX Manuscript received September 09, 2011; revised March 26, 2012; accepted March 30, 2012. Date of publication May 14, 2012; date of current version June 26, 2012. This work was supported in part by the Office of Standards, U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, with the National Institute of Standards and Technology under Contract HSHQDC-09-X-00305. The work of Z. Popovic was supported by the Hudson Moore Jr. Professorship at the University of Colorado. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 60 IS 7 BP 2248 EP 2258 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2195017 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 967JN UT WOS:000305903500021 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, L Lin, CYC AF Pfeiffer, Lisa Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia TI Groundwater pumping and spatial externalities in agriculture SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater management; Spatial externalities; Nonrenewable resources; Common property resource ID COMMON POOL; MANAGEMENT; WATER; EXTRACTION; RESOURCES; POLICY AB We investigate the behavior of farmers who share an underground aquifer. In the case where seepage may occur the resource is nonexclusive, giving rise to a spatial externality whereby pumping by one user affects others nearby. Theoretically, these externalities are potentially important causes of welfare loss. Using a unique spatial data set of groundwater users in western Kansas, we are able to empirically measure the physical and behavioral effects of groundwater pumping by neighbors. To address the simultaneity of neighbors' pumping, we use the neighbors' permitted water allocation as an instrument for their pumping. We estimate that 2.5% of the total groundwater extracted each year in western Kansas is over-extraction due to the effects of spatial externalities. Individuals who own multiple wells internalize their own externality by trading off pumping at one well for pumping at another. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pfeiffer, Lisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lin, CYC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lisa.pfeiffer@noaa.gov; cclin@primal.ucdavis.edu RI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/M-6342-2014 OI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/0000-0003-1014-2101 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 64 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jeem.2012.03.003 PG 15 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 969IE UT WOS:000306048100002 ER PT J AU Pribyl, AL Schreck, CB Parker, SJ Weis, VM AF Pribyl, A. L. Schreck, C. B. Parker, S. J. Weis, V. M. TI Identification of biomarkers indicative of barotrauma and recovery in black rockfish Sebastes melanops SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; gene expression; microarray; non-model organism AB A Sebastes-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray was developed to identify potential biomarkers involved in the capture stress and recovery of Sebastes species if they are assisted in returning to their original depth of capture following barotrauma. Black rockfish Sebastes melanops were exposed to simulated decompression from 450 kPa (c. 35 m depth) (which resulted in barotrauma) and subsequent recompression. Sebastes melanops were sampled for liver tissue at days 3, 15 and 31 post-barotrauma. Potential candidate genes were identified from the microarray and then quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) was used to validate expression levels in biological replicates. Six potential biomarkers associated with the innate immune system were identified that were up-regulated in liver tissue at 3 days post-barotrauma: complement C1q-like protein 2, complement component C3, complement regulatory plasma protein, serum amyloid A-5, c-type lysozyme and hepcidin precursor type I. In addition, complement c1q was correlated to the presence of a ruptured swimbladder, providing further support that this gene may be a good biomarker of injury and recovery. Immune genes were no longer up-regulated at day 31 post-barotrauma, a good indication of recovery in S. melanops. C1 [Pribyl, A. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schreck, C. B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Parker, S. J.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Weis, V. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pribyl, AL (reprint author), NOAA SWFSC, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM alena.pribyl@noaa.gov RI Pribyl, Alena/C-4004-2016 OI Pribyl, Alena/0000-0002-7625-5259 FU NOAA; Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University; Oregon Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit at Oregon State University FX The authors would like to thank C. Rosato at the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing at Oregon State University for printing the arrays, instruction on equipment usage, and advice on molecular techniques. We thank W. Phillips, C. Schnitzler and T. Momoda for assistance with molecular techniques and advice on analyses. This research was funded by a NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy grant, a Mamie Markham Research Award (Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University), the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University and the Oregon Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit at Oregon State University. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81 IS 1 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03322.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 967HB UT WOS:000305896400012 PM 22747812 ER PT J AU Weller, TJ Zheng, A Thompson, R Tulleners, F AF Weller, Todd J. Zheng, Alan Thompson, Robert Tulleners, Fred TI Confocal Microscopy Analysis of Breech Face Marks on Fired Cartridge Cases from 10 Consecutively Manufactured Pistol Slides SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; firearm identification; confocal microscopy; consecutive manufacture; breech face; subclass marks; individual marks ID TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; BULLETS AB Recent publications from the National Academy of Sciences have called for additional foundational research in the field of firearm and toolmark analysis. We examined test fires from 10 pistol slides with consecutively manufactured breech faces. A total of nine test fires from each pistol slide, for a total of 90 test fired cartridge cases, were compared using confocal microscopy combined with three-dimensional cross-correlation analysis algorithms. A total of 8010 comparisons were performed (720 matches and 7290 nonmatches). The average score for matches was 0.82 with a standard deviation of 0.06. The average score for nonmatches was 0.20 with a standard deviation of 0.03. Additionally, subclass toolmarks were observed on the breech faces, but the presence of subclass was not detected in the correlation analysis. There was no overlap of scores between matching and nonmatching test fires. This provides objective data that support the AFTE (Association of Firearms and Tool Mark Examiners) theory of identification. C1 [Weller, Todd J.] Oakland Police Dept, Criminalist Div, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [Weller, Todd J.; Tulleners, Fred] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Zheng, Alan; Thompson, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weller, TJ (reprint author), Oakland Police Dept, Criminalist Div, 455 7th St,Room 608, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. EM tweller@oaklandnet.com NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 57 IS 4 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02072.x PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 967HE UT WOS:000305896700007 PM 22390540 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Cao, J AF Xu, Qin Cao, Jie TI Semibalance Model in Terrain-Following Coordinates SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE MODELS; POTENTIAL-VORTICITY; EQUATIONS; BALANCE AB By partitioning the hydrostatically balanced flow into a nonlinearly balanced primary-flow part and a remaining secondary-flow part and then truncating the secondary-flow vorticity advection and stretching-tilting terms in the vector vorticity equation, the previous semibalance model (SBM) in pseudoheight coordinates is rederived in terrain-following pressure coordinates, called eta coordinates. The involved truncation is topologically the same as that in pseudoheight coordinates but the truncated terms in eta coordinates are not equivalent to those in pseudoheight coordinates. Because its potential vorticity (PV) is conserved and invertible, the rederived SBM is suitable for studying balanced dynamics via "PV thinking" in real weather events, such as slowly varying vortices and curved fronts in which the primary-flow velocity and secondary-flow vorticity are nearly parallel in eta coordinates. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Cao, Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov RI Cao, Jie/G-4435-2012 FU ONR [N000141010778]; China's NNSF [40930950] FX The authors are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions. The research was supported by ONR Grant N000141010778 and China's NNSF Grant 40930950. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 69 IS 7 BP 2201 EP 2206 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-012.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969WH UT WOS:000306089600008 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Held, IM Lin, SJ AF Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. Lin, Shian-Jiann TI Some Counterintuitive Dependencies of Tropical Cyclone Frequency on Parameters in a GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE MODELS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; POTENTIAL INDEX; PART I; SIMULATIONS; RESOLUTION; SENSITIVITY; INTENSITY; VARIABILITY AB High-resolution global climate models (GCMs) have been increasingly utilized for simulations of the global number and distribution of tropical cyclones (TCs), and how they might change with changing climate. In contrast, there is a lack of published studies on the sensitivity of TC genesis to parameterized processes in these GCMs. The uncertainties in these formulations might be an important source of uncertainty in the future projections of TC statistics. This study investigates the sensitivity of the global number of TCs in present-day simulations using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory High Resolution Atmospheric Model (GFDL HIRAM) to alterations in physical parameterizations. Two parameters are identified to be important in TC genesis frequency in this model: the horizontal cumulus mixing rate, which controls the entrainment into convective cores within the convection parameterization, and the strength of the damping of the divergent component of the horizontal flow. The simulated global number of TCs exhibits nonintuitive response to incremental changes of both parameters. As the cumulus mixing rate increases, the model produces nonmonotonic response in global TC frequency with an initial sharp increase and then a decrease. However, storm mean intensity rises monotonically with the mixing rate. As the strength of the divergence damping increases, the model produces a continuous increase of global number of TCs and hurricanes with little change in storm mean intensity. Mechanisms for explaining these nonintuitive responses are discussed. C1 [Zhao, Ming; Held, Isaac M.; Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming] GFDL UCAR, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NOAA's Climate Program Office Modeling Analysis Prediction and Projections (MAPP) program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612] FX We are grateful for helpful discussion on these topics from Steve Garner and Tom Knutson. The comments and suggestions from Kerry Emanuel helped improve the paper. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. An award of computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment Program. We thank the support from NOAA's Climate Program Office Modeling Analysis Prediction and Projections (MAPP) program. Ming Zhao was supported by Grant under award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 69 IS 7 BP 2272 EP 2283 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0238.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 969WH UT WOS:000306089600013 ER PT J AU Toth, JL Hohn, AA Able, KW Gorgone, AM AF Toth, Jacalyn L. Hohn, Aleta A. Able, Kenneth W. Gorgone, Antoinette M. TI Defining bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) stocks based on environmental, physical, and behavioral characteristics SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; New Jersey; population unit; stock structure; Xenobalanus; photo-identification ID BARNACLE XENOBALANUS-GLOBICIPITIS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SHOREFACE SAND RIDGES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; KILLER WHALES; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; GENUS TURSIOPS AB The population structure of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, along the U.S. Atlantic coast has recently been redefined from one homogenous population into five coastal stocks. Local studies indicate even finer structure, primarily based on isolation of dolphins inhabiting estuaries. We identified population structuring of non-estuarine coastal bottlenose dolphins during a study in New Jersey, the northern range along the Atlantic Coast. Using photo-identification and distribution survey results, an analysis identified two major clusters of individuals significantly separated by five variables (distance from shoreline, group size, occurrence of the barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis, avoidance behavior, and individual coloration). Sightings assigned to cluster 1 occurred in nearshore shallow waters (0-1.9 km, (x) over bar= 3.5 m), and those assigned to cluster 2 occurred further offshore in deeper waters (1.9-6 km, (x) over tilde= 9.5 m). Only eight of 194 individuals (4%) were identified in both regions. Collectively, this suggests an occurrence of two stocks that are spatially, physically, and behaviorally distinguishable over a small distance. These results indicate that complexity in Tursiops population structure is not limited to latitudinal gradients or barriers created by estuarine habitats, but also by partitioning of habitat as a function of distance from shore and depth over small distances. C1 [Toth, Jacalyn L.; Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.; Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Toth, JL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Co 132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM toth@marine.rutgers.edu RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service; Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC); Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS), Tuckerton, New Jersey FX The authors thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) and the Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS), Tuckerton, New Jersey, for funding and support. We also thank members of the Cetacean and Sea Turtle Team (SEFSC at the NOAA Beaufort Laboratory), Stacy Hagan, Jamie Fraser, Steve Zeck, Kieran Lyons (RUMFS), and many other volunteers for their time and assistance with this project. We thank Peter Morin and Eric Archer for discussion and assistance with the statistical analyses. Comments from L. Hansen, R. Baird, and anonymous reviewers improved this manuscript. This research was conducted under NOAA permit #779-1633-00. This paper is Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Contribution No. 2011-3. NR 84 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 461 EP 478 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00497.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100011 ER PT J AU Parrish, FA Howell, EA Antonelis, GA Iverson, SJ Littnan, CL Parrish, JD Polovina, JJ AF Parrish, Frank A. Howell, Evan A. Antonelis, George A. Iverson, Sara J. Littnan, Charles L. Parrish, James D. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Estimating the carrying capacity of French Frigate Shoals for the endangered Hawaiian monk seal using Ecopath with Ecosim SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ecopath with Ecosim; trophic modeling; energy flow; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; food web; Monachus schauinslandi; bottomfish ID MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT; DIVING BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL RATES; ECOSYSTEM; MODELS; PREY; POPULATION; ONTOGENY; PREDATOR AB The carrying capacity of the French Frigate Shoals (FFS) region for the endangered Hawaiian monk seal was appraised using an updated version of the original FFS Ecopath model (Polovina 1984). Model parameters were updated using recent literature, and data from surveys of the seal population and its bottom-associated prey. Together they produced a static mass balance model for 1998 when the prey surveys began. The Ecopath-estimated monk seal biomass was 0.0045 t/km2, which was in close agreement with the biomass calculated from monk seal field beach counts (0.0046 t/km2). Model simulations through time were done in Ecosim using the Ecopath balanced model and included fisheries data time series from 1998 to 2008. Monk seal biomass declined concurrently with decreases in benthic bottomfish biomass, which were influenced by large-scale changes in the environment of the North Pacific. This model scenario was extended from 2010, when the last permitted fishery in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands was closed, through to 2040, assuming a constant environmental signal. Model results for this time period did not show a recovery of monk seals that exceeded the initial 1998 model biomass levels, highlighting the importance of including environmental variability in estimates of monk seals recovery at FFS. C1 [Parrish, Frank A.; Howell, Evan A.; Antonelis, George A.; Littnan, Charles L.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Parrish, James D.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Parrish, FA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM frank.parrish@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 522 EP 541 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00502.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100014 ER PT J AU Mocklin, JA Rugh, DJ Moore, SE Angliss, RP AF Mocklin, Julie A. Rugh, David J. Moore, Sue E. Angliss, Robyn P. TI Using aerial photography to investigate evidence of feeding by bowhead whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bowhead whale; Balaena mysticetus; aerial photography; feeding behavior; epibenthic feeding ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; PHOTOIDENTIFICATION DATA; HABITAT SELECTION; POINT-BARROW; ALASKA; SEA; BEAUFORT; DIEL; VARIABILITY AB Aerial photographs were analyzed to investigate the feeding habits of the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) population of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), particularly epibenthic feeding near Barrow, Alaska. Evidence of epibenthic feeding was based on mud visible on the dorsal surface of whales, resulting from feeding near the seafloor. Other cues used to assess feeding were an open mouth or the presence of feces in photographs. Over 3,600 photographs were analyzed including photos from surveys in spring and late summer and in both the western and eastern Beaufort Sea. Of all the photographs analyzed, 64% were scored as definitively muddy. In spring, ratios ranged from a low of 27% in 2003 to a high of 76% in 2004. When all May sample sets off Barrow were combined (1985, 1986, 2003, 2004), there was a significant difference (t-test, P < 0.004) between the proportion of muddy juveniles to the proportion of muddy adults, with muddy adults being more common. The Barrow area was a commonly used feeding ground during migrations in both the spring (61% of the sample were feeding; 55% epibenthically) and autumn (99% of the sample; 97% epibenthically). Bowheads both migrate and feed through areas where petroleum extraction is underway and anticipated; hence, exposure to oil after a spill is of considerable concern to Native communities and management agencies. C1 [Mocklin, Julie A.; Rugh, David J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Sue E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol OERD2, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mocklin, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM julie.mocklin@noaa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory; Minerals Management Service; North Slope Borough and Barrow Whaling Captains Association FX This research would not have been possible without support from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, and funding from the Minerals Management Service, especially Chuck Monnett. Photographs were collected under Scientific Research Permits 580, 670, 791, 7821438, and 782-1791, and the whale tissue sample was provided under Permit 797; all of these permits were under the provisions of the U. S. Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act. Scientists from the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, donated Beaufort Sea mud, and Kim Rand was especially helpful. We are grateful to all the biologists and Inupiat hunters that took part in the testing process of the scoring system used for this study (in alphabetical order): Harry Brower, Lewis Brower, Janet Clarke, Craig George, Bill Koski, Christy Sims, Robert Suydam, Katie Sweeney, and Janice Waite. Bill Koski at LGL gave feedback at various points of this research endeavor, and he provided all the whale lengths. The North Slope Borough and Barrow Whaling Captains Association have been gracious with their time and support of this study. Thanks to Jim Slavas, Emily Carrington, and Noah Lawrence-Slavas for providing helpful advice on designing the flow tank test, which was conducted at the University of Washington's laboratory at Friday Harbor, Washington. Noah was invaluable in designing and implementing the experiment successfully. Much appreciation goes to Ken Raedeke and Rod Hobbs for advice on earlier versions of this work. We thank Kim Shelden, Dee Allen, and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful reviews of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 602 EP 619 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00518.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100018 ER PT J AU Woodworth, PA Schorr, GS Baird, RW Webster, DL McSweeney, DJ Hanson, MB Andrews, RD Polovina, JJ AF Woodworth, Phoebe A. Schorr, Gregory S. Baird, Robin W. Webster, Daniel L. McSweeney, Daniel J. Hanson, M. Bradley Andrews, Russel D. Polovina, Jeffrey J. TI Eddies as offshore foraging grounds for melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; MAIN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FALSE KILLER WHALES; CARETTA-CARETTA; CYCLONIC EDDIES; HABITAT; EDDY; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS C1 [Woodworth, Phoebe A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schorr, Gregory S.; Baird, Robin W.; Webster, Daniel L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. [Hanson, M. Bradley] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Woodworth, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM phoebe.woodworth@noaa.gov FU U.S. Navy through the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Wild Whale Research Foundation FX Field efforts were funded by the U.S. Navy through the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and also supported by the Wild Whale Research Foundation. The authors thank Jessica Aschettino for examining photos of tagged and companion whales to assess population identity and Yanli Jia and the International Pacific Research Center for providing the HYCOM output. This article was improved substantially by the reviews of Evan Howell, Don Kobayashi, Erin Oleson, and several anonymous reviewers. Tagging was undertaken under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 731-1774 issued to RWB. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP 638 EP 647 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00509.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100020 ER PT J AU Martien, KK Baird, RW Hedrick, NM Gorgone, AM Thieleking, JL McSweeney, DJ Robertson, KM Webster, DL AF Martien, Karen K. Baird, Robin W. Hedrick, Nicole M. Gorgone, Antoinette M. Thieleking, Janet L. McSweeney, Daniel J. Robertson, Kelly M. Webster, Daniel L. TI Population structure of island-associated dolphins: Evidence from mitochondrial and microsatellite markers for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) around the main Hawaiian Islands SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE population structure; genetic differentiation; demographic independence; management units; Hawaii; Tursiops ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; WHALES PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SYMPATRIC MORPHOTYPES; COALESCENT APPROACH; CYCLONIC EDDIES; SITE FIDELITY; F-STATISTICS AB We used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to investigate population structure of common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, around the main Hawaiian Islands. Though broadly distributed throughout the world's oceans, bottlenose dolphins are known to form small populations in coastal waters. Recent photo-identification data suggest the same is true in Hawaiian waters. We found genetic differentiation among (mtDNA FST= 0.0140.141, microsatellite FST= 0.0190.050) and low dispersal rates between (0.175.77 dispersers per generation) the main Hawaiian Island groups. Our results are consistent with movement rates estimated from photo-identification data and suggest that each island group supports a demographically independent population. Inclusion in our analyses of samples collected near Palmyra Atoll provided evidence that the Hawaiian Islands are also occasionally visited by members of a genetically distinct, pelagic population. Two of our samples exhibited evidence of partial ancestry from Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T. aduncus), a species not known to inhabit the Hawaiian Archipelago. Our findings have important implications for the management of Hawaiian bottlenose dolphins and raise concerns about the vulnerability to human impacts of pelagic species in island ecosystems. C1 [Martien, Karen K.; Hedrick, Nicole M.; Thieleking, Janet L.; Robertson, Kelly M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Baird, Robin W.; Webster, Daniel L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [McSweeney, Daniel J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA. RP Martien, KK (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM karen.martien@noaa.gov FU Pacific Islands Regional Office FX We would like to thank the many people without whose hard work this study would not have been possible. Brittany Hancock, Aimee Lang, and Carrie LeDuc assisted with the laboratory processing of genetic samples and Allan Ligon assisted with sample collection. Additional samples were collected by observers on SWFSC research cruises and by researchers at the Hawaiian Island Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary. Tursiops aduncus samples were provided by Tom Jefferson. All samples were collected by or transferred to the SWFSC under NMFS/MMPA permits 1026/689424 and 774-1714 and CITES permit US774223. Rich Cosgrove assisted with GIS calculations. Rick LeDuc, Barb Taylor, Susan Chivers, Sarah Mesnick, Eric Archer, Jay Barlow, Patty Rosel, and six reviewers provided insightful comments on this work. Funding for laboratory work was provided by the Pacific Islands Regional Office, while support for field activities came from the Wild Whale Research Foundation, Hawai'i Wildlife Fund, M. B. & Evelyn Hudson Foundation, and the United States Navy (N45). NR 97 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP E208 EP E232 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00506.x PG 25 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100001 ER PT J AU Norman, SA Huggins, J Carpenter, TE Case, JT Lambourn, DM Rice, J Calambokidis, J Gaydos, JK Hanson, MB Duffield, DA Dubpernell, S Berta, S Klope, M AF Norman, Stephanie A. Huggins, Jessie Carpenter, Tim E. Case, James T. Lambourn, Dyanna M. Rice, Jim Calambokidis, John Gaydos, Joseph K. Hanson, M. Bradley Duffield, Deborah A. Dubpernell, Sandra Berta, Susan Klope, Matt TI The application of GIS and spatiotemporal analyses to investigations of unusual marine mammal strandings and mortality events SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; harbor porpoise; GIS; Phocoena phocoena; spatiotemporal analyses; unusual mortality event ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TRACE-ELEMENTS; HONG-KONG; SPACE; TIME; DISEASE; CLUSTERS AB In 20062007, an unusually high number of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the Washington and Oregon coastlines. Spatiotemporal analyses were used to examine their ability to detect clusters of porpoise strandings during an unusual mortality event (UME) in the Pacific Northwest using stranding location data. Strandings were evaluated as two separate populations, outer coast and inland waters. The presence of global clustering was evaluated using the Knox spatiotemporal test, and the presence of local clusters was investigated using a spatiotemporal scan statistic (spacetime permutation). There was evidence of global clustering, but no local clustering, supporting the hypothesis that strandings were due to more varied etiologies instead of localized causes. Further analyses at subregional levels, and concurrently assessing environmental factors, might reveal additional geographic distribution patterns. This article describes the spatial analytical tools applied in this study and how they can help elucidate the spatiotemporal epidemiology of other UMEs and assist in determining their causes. More than one spatial analytical technique should be used if the study objective is to detect and describe clustering in time and space and to generate hypotheses regarding causation of marine mammal disease and stranding events. C1 [Norman, Stephanie A.] Univ Calif Davis, W Miller Lab, Grad Grp Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Huggins, Jessie; Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Carpenter, Tim E.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, CADMS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Case, James T.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95617 USA. [Lambourn, Dyanna M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Lakewood, WA 98498 USA. [Rice, Jim] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Oregon Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gaydos, Joseph K.] Univ Calif Davis, UC Davis Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Orcas Isl Off, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Duffield, Deborah A.] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Dubpernell, Sandra; Berta, Susan; Klope, Matt] Orca Network, Cent Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Greenbank, WA 98253 USA. RP Norman, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, W Miller Lab, Grad Grp Epidemiol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whaledoctor@gmail.com OI Gaydos, Joseph/0000-0001-6599-8797 FU John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program FX The authors thank the stranding volunteers and individuals involved in the response and recovery of animals during the UME, including A. Traxler and the San Juan County Marine Mammal Stranding Network, the volunteers of the Central Puget Sound Marine Mammal Stranding Network, S. Murphy, K. Wilkinson, B. Norberg, L. Barre, the members of the UME Working Group, and the volunteers of the Northwest Region Marine Mammal Stranding Network. We are grateful to S. Raverty for conducting the majority of the histopathology and ancillary testing associated with this UME. Funding for collection and examination of the animals was provided by grants to Stranding Network members from the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program, administered through the Office of Protected Resources (NOAA Fisheries). Valuable and constructive comments were received from J. Stein, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP E251 EP E266 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00507.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100003 ER PT J AU Witteveen, BH Worthy, GAJ Foy, RJ Wynne, KM AF Witteveen, Briana H. Worthy, Graham A. J. Foy, Robert J. Wynne, Kate M. TI Modeling the diet of humpback whales: An approach using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in a Bayesian mixing model SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; Bayesian; dietary mixing model; d13C; d15N; stable isotopes; feeding ecology ID FATTY-ACID SIGNATURES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FOOD WEB; DELTA-C-13; ECOLOGY; FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15; ALASKA; PREY; TURNOVER AB Humpback whales are considered generalist predators, feeding on schooling fish, and zooplankton, but variability likely exists among regional feeding aggregations. We explored the diet of one feeding aggregation of humpback whales near Kodiak Island, Alaska, through analysis of the stable carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotope ratios of their skin and regional prey sources. Humpback whales were sampled during the summer feeding season over 3 yr (n= 93; 20042006). Prey samples were collected from the same region during trawl surveys conducted between 2003 and 2005. Isotope values of humpback whale skin and prey were entered into a Bayesian dietary mixing model to estimate feasible contributions of prey to humpback diets. Diet results indicated that humpbacks feed heavily on euphausiids, but also consume juvenile walleye pollock, capelin, and Pacific sand lance. The diet of humpback whales in 2004 was the most diverse, while diets in 2005 and 2006 showed a higher proportion of euphausiids. Our results reveal annual differences in humpback diets from the Kodiak region due to either individual prey preferences or prey availability. Application of a Bayesian mixing model to stable isotope analysis improves description of regional diets and comparison of these diets to resource availability and quality. C1 [Witteveen, Briana H.; Worthy, Graham A. J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Witteveen, Briana H.; Wynne, Kate M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Worthy, Graham A. J.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Foy, Robert J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Witteveen, BH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM bree.witteveen@alaska.edu FU NOAA [NA16FX1270]; University of Central Florida (UCF) Board of Trustee's; Office of the Provost, UCF FX The authors wish to thank A. Fiske, J. Thomson, and C. Clark for their assistance in the field and in the laboratory. We also thank the crews of the F/V Alaska and the F/V Laura for collection of prey samples. M. B. Foster, J. Roth, D. Jenkins, A. Hirons, and C. Williams for providing data, technical advice, or manuscript suggestions. SI analysis was done by T. Maddox at the University of Georgia, Institute of Ecology. We are grateful to the reviewers of this manuscript, whose comments and suggestions greatly improved this manuscript. Humpback whale research was conducted under federal research permit #1049-1718 and University of Alaska Fair-banks IACUC #08-25. Support for stable isotope analysis was provided by NOAA grant #NA16FX1270 awarded to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Additional funding was provided by the University of Central Florida (UCF) Board of Trustee's Doctoral Fellowship to B. H. W and a Research Enhancement Award from the Office of the Provost, UCF to G.A.J.W. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 28 IS 3 BP E233 EP E250 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00508.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 968FQ UT WOS:000305963100002 ER PT J AU Eliceiri, KW Berthold, MR Goldberg, IG Ibanez, L Manjunath, BS Martone, ME Murphy, RF Peng, HC Plant, AL Roysam, B Stuurmann, N Swedlow, JR Tomancak, P Carpenter, AE AF Eliceiri, Kevin W. Berthold, Michael R. Goldberg, Ilya G. Ibanez, Luis Manjunath, B. S. Martone, Maryann E. Murphy, Robert F. Peng, Hanchuan Plant, Anne L. Roysam, Badrinath Stuurmann, Nico Swedlow, Jason R. Tomancak, Pavel Carpenter, Anne E. TI Biological imaging software tools SO NATURE METHODS LA English DT Review ID SUBCELLULAR LOCATION PATTERNS; ILLUMINATION MICROSCOPY; PLANE ILLUMINATION; CELLS; VISUALIZATION; MACHINE; CLASSIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; RESOLUTION; ELEGANS AB Few technologies are more widespread in modern biological laboratories than imaging. Recent advances in optical technologies and instrumentation are providing hitherto unimagined capabilities. Almost all these advances have required the development of software to enable the acquisition, management, analysis and visualization of the imaging data. We review each computational step that biologists encounter when dealing with digital images, the inherent challenges and the overall status of available software for bioimage informatics, focusing on open-source options. C1 [Eliceiri, Kevin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Lab Opt & Computat Instrumentat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Berthold, Michael R.] Univ Konstanz, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Constance, Germany. [Goldberg, Ilya G.] NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Ibanez, Luis] Kitware Inc, New York, NY USA. [Manjunath, B. S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Bioimage Informat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Martone, Maryann E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Murphy, Robert F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Lane Ctr Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Peng, Hanchuan] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA USA. [Plant, Anne L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roysam, Badrinath] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX USA. [Stuurmann, Nico] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Swedlow, Jason R.] Univ Dundee, Wellcome Trust Ctr Gene Regulat & Express, Dundee, Scotland. [Tomancak, Pavel] Max Planck Inst Mol Cell Biol & Genet, Dresden, Germany. [Carpenter, Anne E.] Broad Inst Harvard & Massachusetts Inst Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Eliceiri, KW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Lab Opt & Computat Instrumentat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eliceiri@wisc.edu; anne@broadinstitute.org RI Goldberg, Ilya/H-5307-2011; Tomancak, Pavel/C-2109-2009; Carpenter, Anne/C-4982-2008; OI Goldberg, Ilya/0000-0001-8514-6110; Martone, Maryann/0000-0002-8406-3871; Tomancak, Pavel/0000-0002-2222-9370; Carpenter, Anne/0000-0003-1555-8261; Eliceiri, Kevin/0000-0001-8678-670X; Swedlow, Jason/0000-0002-2198-1958 FU US National Institutes of Health [R01 GM089652, RC2 GM092519] FX We acknowledge our respective funding sources and members of our laboratories for feedback and useful comments, in particular A. Merouane and A. Narayanswamy of the Roysam lab for their assistance in preparing figures, and L. Kamentsky and M. Bray of the Carpenter lab for useful input and edits on the manuscript. A.E.C. and K.W.E. were supported by US National Institutes of Health grants R01 GM089652 (to A.E.C.) and RC2 GM092519 (to K.W.E.). NR 60 TC 161 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1548-7091 J9 NAT METHODS JI Nat. Methods PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 7 BP 697 EP 710 DI 10.1038/NMETH.2084 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 967XT UT WOS:000305942200024 PM 22743775 ER PT J AU Caro, T Stankowich, T Mesnick, SL Costa, DP Beeman, K AF Caro, Tim Stankowich, Theodore Mesnick, Sarah L. Costa, Daniel P. Beeman, Karrie TI Pelage coloration in pinnipeds: functional considerations SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE background matching; dorsal pigmentary darkening; marine mammals; natal coats; pelage; seals; sexual dichromatism ID HARBOR SEALS; SEXUAL SELECTION; FUR SEALS; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; DIMORPHISM; PATCHES; RUST AB Pinnipeds vary in adult pelage color and pattern ranging from uniform white to black or brown and from solid coloration to subtle spotted or bold markings. Moreover, pelage color often differs by sex and age with neonates having radically different color and patterning from those of adults. We explored the functional significance of these patterns in 34 species of pinniped using comparative phylogenetic analyses. We found strong evidence to support the hypothesis of background matching on land because species in which adults or pups have white pelage live in Arctic regions and are subject to terrestrial predation. We also found evidence supporting the hypothesis of background matching at sea because spotted species forage in well-lit shallow waters on-shelf and dark pinnipeds forage in deep dark waters off-shelf. Neonates are black for species lacking terrestrial predators on islands or in caves where selection on crypsis is relaxed. Distinctive markings may be used for intraspecific communication. Sexually dichromatic pinnipeds are highly polygynous and copulate on land, suggesting a role for male coloration in contests for access to females. Functional differences in the coloration of pinnipeds and cetaceans reveal differences in underlying selection pressures, in particular those derived from pinnipeds' amphibious lifestyle. C1 [Caro, Tim] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stankowich, Theodore] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Beeman, Karrie] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Caro, Tim] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Caro, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tmcaro@ucdavis.edu FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0905606]; Hatch Grant FX N. Cooper, F. Jordan, and the 2011 AnthroTree Workshop, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (BCS-0923791) and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF grant EF-0905606), for advice on tree manipulation and interpretation of results, a Hatch Grant to the University of California for funding, and Annalisa Berta, Carolina Bonin, Bill Perrin, Gil Rosenthal, and an anonymous reviewer for comments. NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 54 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 23 IS 4 BP 765 EP 774 DI 10.1093/beheco/ars025 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 963OH UT WOS:000305630800011 ER PT J AU Huang, BY Xue, Y Wang, H Wang, WQ Kumar, A AF Huang, Boyin Xue, Yan Wang, Hui Wang, Wanqiu Kumar, Arun TI Mixed layer heat budget of the El Nio in NCEP climate forecast system SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ZONAL ADVECTIVE FEEDBACKS; INTERANNUAL TIME SCALES; ATMOSPHERE OCEAN MODEL; BARRIER-LAYER; ENSO CYCLE; VARIABILITY AB The mechanisms controlling the El Nio have been studied by analyzing mixed layer heat budget of daily outputs from a free coupled simulation with the Climate Forecast System (CFS). The CFS is operational at National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and is used by Climate Prediction Center for seasonal-to-interannual prediction, particularly for the prediction of the El Nio and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific. Our analysis shows that the development and decay of El Nio can be attributed to ocean advection in which all three components contribute. Temperature advection associated with anomalous zonal current and mean vertical upwelling contributes to the El Nio during its entire evolutionary cycle in accordance with many observational, theoretical, and modeling studies. The impact of anomalous vertical current is found to be comparable to that of mean upwelling. Temperature advection associated with mean (anomalous) meridional current in the CFS also contributes to the El Nio cycle due to strong meridional gradient of anomalous (mean) temperature. The surface heat flux, non-linearity of temperature advection, and eddies associated with tropical instabilities waves (TIW) have the tendency to damp the El Nio. Possible degradation in the analysis and closure of the heat budget based on the monthly mean (instead of daily) data is also quantified. C1 [Huang, Boyin; Xue, Yan; Wang, Hui; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Climate Predict Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Huang, BY (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Climate Predict Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 NR 66 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 365 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1111-4 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965CZ UT WOS:000305745100022 ER PT J AU Jeong, HI Lee, DY Ashok, K Ahn, JB Lee, JY Luo, JJ Schemm, JKE Hendon, HH Braganza, K Ham, YG AF Jeong, Hye-In Lee, Doo Young Ashok, Karumuri Ahn, Joong-Bae Lee, June-Yi Luo, Jing-Jia Schemm, Jae-Kyung E. Hendon, Harry H. Braganza, Karl Ham, Yoo-Geun TI Assessment of the APCC coupled MME suite in predicting the distinctive climate impacts of two flavors of ENSO during boreal winter SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Canonical ENSO; ENSO Modoki; Seasonal prediction skill; Teleconnection; Multi-model ensemble (MME); Coupled general circulation model ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3; INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; EL-NINO VARIATIONS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEASONAL CLIMATE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL; ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; PACIFIC RIM AB Forecast skill of the APEC Climate Center (APCC) Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) seasonal forecast system in predicting two main types of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), namely canonical (or cold tongue) and Modoki ENSO, and their regional climate impacts is assessed for boreal winter. The APCC MME is constructed by simple composite of ensemble forecasts from five independent coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models. Based on a hindcast set targeting boreal winter prediction for the period 1982-2004, we show that the MME can predict and discern the important differences in the patterns of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly between the canonical and Modoki ENSO one and four month ahead. Importantly, the four month lead MME beats the persistent forecast. The MME reasonably predicts the distinct impacts of the canonical ENSO, including the strong winter monsoon rainfall over East Asia, the below normal rainfall and above normal temperature over Australia, the anomalously wet conditions across the south and cold conditions over the whole area of USA, and the anomalously dry conditions over South America. However, there are some limitations in capturing its regional impacts, especially, over Australasia and tropical South America at a lead time of one and four months. Nonetheless, forecast skills for rainfall and temperature over East Asia and North America during ENSO Modoki are comparable to or slightly higher than those during canonical ENSO events. C1 [Ashok, Karumuri] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Jeong, Hye-In; Lee, Doo Young; Ahn, Joong-Bae] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Jeong, Hye-In; Lee, Doo Young] APEC Climate Ctr APCC, Pusan, South Korea. [Lee, June-Yi] Univ Hawaii, Inst Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hendon, Harry H.; Braganza, Karl] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Ham, Yoo-Geun] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Luo, Jing-Jia] Res Inst Global Change JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Schemm, Jae-Kyung E.] NCEP NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ham, Yoo-Geun] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Ashok, K (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Ctr Climate Change Res, Pune, Maharashtra, India. EM ashok@tropmet.res.in RI Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012; OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; Lee, Doo Y./0000-0001-9891-828X FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3083]; MoES, Government of India; MoES under the MoES-NERC FX The authors appreciate the participating institutes of the APCC coupled MME prediction system for providing the hindcast experiment data. Discussion with Prof. B. Wang is acknowledged. J.-B. Ahn was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-3083. K. Ashok acknowledges the support of Prof. B. N. Goswami, Director, IITM (fully funded by MoES, Government of India), and the MoES for the SAPRISE support under the MoES-NERC grant. Views expressed herein wholly are of the authors and do not reflect the views of the organizations they are affiliated to. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 475 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1359-3 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 965CZ UT WOS:000305745100028 ER PT J AU Kirschbaum, DB Adler, R Hong, Y Kumar, S Peters-Lidard, C Lerner-Lam, A AF Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach Adler, Robert Hong, Yang Kumar, Sujay Peters-Lidard, Christa Lerner-Lam, Arthur TI Advances in landslide nowcasting: evaluation of a global and regional modeling approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Landslide forecasting; Hazard inventory; Algorithm development; Central America; Hurricane Mitch ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; RAINFALL INTENSITY; SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; DURATION CONTROL; HURRICANE-MITCH; DEBRIS FLOWS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NICARAGUA; PREDICTION; AGREEMENT AB The increasing availability of remotely sensed data offers a new opportunity to address landslide hazard assessment at larger spatial scales. A prototype global satellite-based landslide hazard algorithm has been developed to identify areas that may experience landslide activity. This system combines a calculation of static landslide susceptibility with satellite-derived rainfall estimates and uses a threshold approach to generate a set of 'nowcasts' that classify potentially hazardous areas. A recent evaluation of this algorithm framework found that while this tool represents an important first step in larger-scale near real-time landslide hazard assessment efforts, it requires several modifications before it can be fully realized as an operational tool. This study draws upon a prior work's recommendations to develop a new approach for considering landslide susceptibility and hazard at the regional scale. This case study calculates a regional susceptibility map using remotely sensed and in situ information and a database of landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 over four countries in Central America. The susceptibility map is evaluated with a regional rainfall intensity-duration triggering threshold and results are compared with the global algorithm framework for the same event. Evaluation of this regional system suggests that this empirically based approach provides one plausible way to approach some of the data and resolution issues identified in the global assessment. The presented methodology is straightforward to implement, improves upon the global approach, and allows for results to be transferable between regions. The results also highlight several remaining challenges, including the empirical nature of the algorithm framework and adequate information for algorithm validation. Conclusions suggest that integrating additional triggering factors such as soil moisture may help to improve algorithm performance accuracy. The regional algorithm scenario represents an important step forward in advancing regional and global-scale landslide hazard assessment. C1 [Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach; Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Adler, Robert] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, ARRC Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kumar, Sujay] Sci Applicat Int Corp SAIC, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lerner-Lam, Arthur] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Kirschbaum, DB (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM dalia.b.kirschbaum@nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirschbaum, Dalia/F-9596-2012; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA [AIST-08-0077] FX This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors thank Yudong Tian for his computing help and support. Thanks also go to Chiara Lepore for her help in evaluating susceptibility methodologies. Thank you to those at the U. S. Geological Survey for providing the landslide inventory data used in this analysis and to Graziella Devoli, Giovanni Molina, Estuardo Lira and Gerald Wieczorek for providing lithology information within the evaluated areas. The global landslide algorithm studies are supported by NASA's Applied Sciences program. The contributions of Dr. Peters-Lidard and Dr. Kumar were supported by a NASA Advanced Information System Technology program project (AIST-08-0077, PI: Christa D Peters-Lidard). This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1683 EP 1696 DI 10.1007/s12665-011-0990-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 964IM UT WOS:000305687400010 ER PT J AU Liao, ZH Hong, Y Kirschbaum, D Liu, C AF Liao, Zonghu Hong, Yang Kirschbaum, Dalia Liu, Chun TI Assessment of shallow landslides from Hurricane Mitch in central America using a physically based model SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Landslide; Hurricane Mitch; Hazard prediction; Remote sensing ID EARLY-WARNING SYSTEM; GLOBAL LANDSLIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RAINFALL AB Shallow landslides induced by heavy rainfall events represent one of the most disastrous hazards in mountainous regions because of their high frequency and rapid mobility. Recent advancements in the availability and accessibility of remote sensing data, including topography, land cover and precipitation products, allow landslide hazard assessment to be considered at larger spatial scales. A theoretical framework for a landslide forecasting system was prototyped in this study using several remotely sensed and surface parameters. The applied physical model SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) takes into account some simplified hypotheses on water infiltration and defines a direct relation between factor of safety and the rainfall depth on an infinite slope. This prototype model is applied to a case study in Honduras during Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Two study areas were selected where a high density of shallow landslides occurred, covering approximately 1,200 km(2). The results were quantitatively evaluated using landslide inventory data compiled by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) following Hurricane Mitch's landfall. The agreement between the SLIDE modeling results and landslide observations demonstrates good predictive skill and suggests that this framework could serve as a potential tool for the future early landslide warning systems. Results show that within the two study areas, the values of rates of successful estimation of slope failure locations reached as high as 78 and 75%, while the error indices were 35 and 49%. Despite positive model performance, the SLIDE model is limited by several assumptions including using general parameter calibration rather than in situ tests and neglecting geologic information. Advantages and limitations of this physically based model are discussed with respect to future applications of landslide assessment and prediction over large scales. C1 [Liao, Zonghu; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Liao, Zonghu; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kirschbaum, Dalia] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Chun] Tongji Univ, Dept Surveying & Geoinformat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirschbaum, Dalia/F-9596-2012 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; FU NASA FX The computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OS-CER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). This research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. The authors would also like to extend the appreciations to USGS scientists make the landslide inventory data available for research community. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1697 EP 1705 DI 10.1007/s12665-011-0997-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 964IM UT WOS:000305687400011 ER PT J AU Woo, J Ivezic, N Cho, H AF Woo, Jungyub Ivezic, Nenad Cho, Hyunbo TI Agile test framework for business-to-business interoperability SO INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRONTIERS LA English DT Article DE Agile Test Framework (ATF); Business-to-business (B2B) integration; Conformance testing; Interoperability testing; Standards; Test automation; Test case generation ID WEB SERVICES AB Business-to-business (B2B) applications are tested routinely for conformance and interoperability against a set of data exchange standards before deployment. However, the existence of many data exchange standards, planned utilizations, deployment environments, and testing scenarios makes it difficult to develop reusable testing tools. To address this challenge, we propose the Agile Test Framework (ATF), which consists of a test case design and test execution model. Test case is defined at two levels: abstract and executable. The abstract level addresses issues related to human understanding and the executable level addresses issues related to machine processing. The test execution model addresses issues related to both reusability and plug-compatibility. The ATF allows the test engineer to generate test cases for a variety of standards and scenarios. Thus, it increases reusability, extensibility, and efficiency compared to other test frameworks. C1 [Woo, Jungyub] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, Pohang, South Korea. [Ivezic, Nenad] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Enterprise Syst Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woo, J (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nivezic@nist.gov RI Cho, Hyunbo/F-6973-2013 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3326 J9 INFORM SYST FRONT JI Inf. Syst. Front. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 3 BP 789 EP 808 DI 10.1007/s10796-011-9303-3 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 965DK UT WOS:000305746400021 ER PT J AU Szakal, C McCarthy, JA Ugelow, MS Konicek, AR Louis, K Yezer, B Herzing, AA Hamers, RJ Holbrook, RD AF Szakal, Christopher McCarthy, James A. Ugelow, Melissa S. Konicek, Andrew R. Louis, Kacie Yezer, Benjamin Herzing, Andrew A. Hamers, Robert J. Holbrook, R. David TI Preparation and measurement methods for studying nanoparticle aggregate surface chemistry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ANATASE; SIMS; ENVIRONMENT; STABILITY AB Despite best efforts at controlling nanoparticle (NP) surface chemistries, the environment surrounding nanomaterials is always changing and can impart a permanent chemical memory. We present a set of preparation and measurement methods to be used as the foundation for studying the surface chemical memory of engineered NP aggregates. We attempt to bridge the gap between controlled lab studies and real-world NP samples, specifically TiO2, by using well-characterized and consistently synthesized NPs, controllably producing NP aggregates with precision drop-on-demand inkjet printing for subsequent chemical measurements, monitoring the physical morphology of the NP aggregate depositions with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), acquiring "surface-to-bulk'' mass spectra of the NP aggregate surfaces with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and developing a data analysis scheme to interpret chemical signatures more accurately from thousands of data files. We present differences in mass spectral peak ratios for bare TiO2 NPs compared to NPs mixed separately with natural organic matter (NOM) or pond water. The results suggest that subtle changes in the local environment can alter the surface chemistry of TiO2 NPs, as monitored by Ti+/TiO+ and Ti+/C3H5+ peak ratios. The subtle changes in the absolute surface chemistry of NP aggregates vs. that of the subsurface are explored. It is envisioned that the methods developed herein can be adapted for monitoring the surface chemistries of a variety of engineered NPs obtained from diverse natural environments. C1 [Szakal, Christopher; McCarthy, James A.; Ugelow, Melissa S.; Konicek, Andrew R.; Yezer, Benjamin; Herzing, Andrew A.; Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Louis, Kacie; Hamers, Robert J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Szakal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cszakal@nist.gov RI Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008 OI Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1914 EP 1925 DI 10.1039/c2em30048f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 965VW UT WOS:000305796500016 PM 22706074 ER PT J AU Luk, KM Lee, KF AF Luk, Kwai-Man Lee, Kai Fong TI Antennas in Wireless Communications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Luk, Kwai-Man; Lee, Kai Fong] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Luk, Kwai-Man] City Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Millimeter Waves, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Luk, Kwai-Man] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, State Key Lab Millimeter Waves, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lee, Kai Fong] Univ Mississippi, Sch Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] NASA, Washington, DC USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Lee, Kai Fong] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Luk, KM (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. OI LUK, Kwai Man/0000-0002-5910-9604 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2012 VL 100 IS 7 SI SI BP 2104 EP 2108 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2193710 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 963LD UT WOS:000305621300002 ER PT J AU Lyman, JM AF Lyman, John M. TI Estimating Global Energy Flow from the Global Upper Ocean SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Ocean heat content; Top of the atmosphere (TOA); Expendable bathythermograph (XBT); Warming ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; HEAT-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE AB The relative significance of short multi-year linear trends in the global integral of 0-700 m ocean heat content anomaly (OHCA) is investigated by examining the overlapping segments of the 16-year OHCA curve from Lyman et al. (Nature 465:334-337, 2010). Segments of 4 years and less are found not to be significantly different from each other or from 0 at the 90% confidence interval. Likewise, short 5- to 7-year segments are not statistically different from each other. Ten-year and longer trends are significant and provide a useful comparison for satellite observations of the radiation imbalance at the top of the atmosphere. C1 [Lyman, John M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lyman, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM John.Lyman@noaa.gov FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric FX The bulk of the in situ data used herein was provided through the World Ocean Database 2009 (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov). Float data were collected and made freely available by Argo (a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System) and contributing national programs (http://www.argo.net/). Gregory C. Johnson provided helpful comments and insight. The NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research provided support for this research. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. JIMAR contribution number 11-375. PMEL contribution number 3722. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 EI 1573-0956 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10712-011-9167-6 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 962IA UT WOS:000305535600005 ER PT J AU Vos, RA Balhoff, JP Caravas, JA Holder, MT Lapp, H Maddison, WP Midford, PE Priyam, A Sukumaran, J Xia, XH Stoltzfus, A AF Vos, Rutger A. Balhoff, James P. Caravas, Jason A. Holder, Mark T. Lapp, Hilmar Maddison, Wayne P. Midford, Peter E. Priyam, Anurag Sukumaran, Jeet Xia, Xuhua Stoltzfus, Arlin TI NeXML: Rich, Extensible, and Verifiable Representation of Comparative Data and Metadata SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data standards; evolutionary informatics; interoperability; phyloinformatics; semantic web; syntax format ID BIODIVERSITY INFORMATICS; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; SOFTWARE PACKAGE; NEXUS FORMAT; ONTOLOGY; SEQUENCE; GENOMICS; STANDARD; GENBANK AB In scientific research, integration and synthesis require a common understanding of where data come from, how much they can be trusted, and what they may be used for. To make such an understanding computer-accessible requires standards for exchanging richly annotated data. The challenges of conveying reusable data are particularly acute in regard to evolutionary comparative analysis, which comprises an ever-expanding list of data types, methods, research aims, and subdisciplines. To facilitate interoperability in evolutionary comparative analysis, we present NeXML, an XML standard (inspired by the current standard, NEXUS) that supports exchange of richly annotated comparative data. NeXML defines syntax for operational taxonomic units, character-state matrices, and phylogenetic trees and networks. Documents can be validated unambiguously. Importantly, any data element can be annotated, to an arbitrary degree of richness, using a system that is both flexible and rigorous. We describe how the use of NeXML by the TreeBASE and Phenoscape projects satisfies user needs that cannot be satisfied with other available file formats. By relying on XML Schema Definition, the design of NeXML facilitates the development and deployment of software for processing, transforming, and querying documents. The adoption of NeXML for practical use is facilitated by the availability of (1) an online manual with code samples and a reference to all defined elements and attributes, (2) programming toolkits in most of the languages used commonly in evolutionary informatics, and (3) input-output support in several widely used software applications. An active, open, community-based development process enables future revision and expansion of NeXML. C1 [Vos, Rutger A.] NCB Nat, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Balhoff, James P.; Lapp, Hilmar; Midford, Peter E.] Natl Evolutionary Synth Ctr, Durham, NC USA. [Balhoff, James P.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Caravas, Jason A.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Holder, Mark T.; Sukumaran, Jeet] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Maddison, Wayne P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Maddison, Wayne P.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Maddison, Wayne P.] Univ British Columbia, Beaty Biodivers Museum, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Priyam, Anurag] Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur, Dept Mech Engn, Kharagpur, W Bengal, India. [Xia, Xuhua] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vos, RA (reprint author), NCB Nat, Postbus 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM rutger.vos@ncbnaturalis.nl RI Vos, Rutger/H-9032-2012; Xia, Xuhua/E-5264-2010; OI Vos, Rutger/0000-0001-9254-7318; Xia, Xuhua/0000-0002-3092-7566; Holder, Mark/0000-0001-5575-0536; Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357; Balhoff, James/0000-0002-8688-6599 FU CIPRES project (NSF) [EF-03314953]; FP7 Marie Curie Programme [237046]; pPOD project [NSF IIS 0629846]; CIPRES (NSF) [EF-0331495, EF-0715370]; NSF [DEB-ATOL-0732920]; NSERC (Canada) Discovery grant; RTI grant; Google; NESCent (NSF) [EF-0423641] FX R.A.V. received support from the CIPRES project (NSF #EF-03314953 to W.P.M.), the FP7 Marie Curie Programme (Call FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008-Proposal No. 237046) and, for the NeXML implementation in Tree-BASE, the pPOD project (NSF IIS 0629846); P.E.M. and J.S. received support from CIPRES (NSF #EF-0331495, #EF-0715370); M.T.H. was supported by NSF (DEB-ATOL-0732920); X.X. received support from NSERC (Canada) Discovery and RTI grants; W.P.M. received support from an NSERC (Canada) Discovery grant; J.C. received support from a Google Summer of Code 2007 grant; A.P. received support from a Google Summer of Code 2010 grant.; Support for the work reported here came from many sources. The authors especially acknowledge NESCent (NSF #EF-0423641) for supporting an Evolutionary Informatics Working Group (R. A. V. and A. S., Co-PIs) that, during its 4 meetings from 2006 to 2009, sustained much work on NeXML. R. A. V., M. T. H., W. P. M., P. E. M., and J.S. participated in the earliest design discussions, subsequently joined by X. X. and H. L. J.P.B., H. L., and R. A. V. participated in the design and implementation of the metadata annotation schema. J.P.B. and R. A. V. participated in implementation of the Java API. X. X. implemented it in DAMBE. A. P. and R. A. V. implemented the Ruby API for NeXML and wrote the "Programmer's guide" section of the manual. R. A. V. and J.C. implemented the Perl API for NeXML. P. E. M. participated in the design, testing, and implementation of the Java API and several derivative applications. J.S. and M. T. H. wrote the Python implementation in DendroPy and participated in design discussions. A. S. organized the analysis of use cases, wrote the "how to" section of the manual, and nagged the other authors. R. A. V., H. L., and A. S. drafted the manuscript and, along with W. P. M., P. E. M., and X. X., revised it. The authors are grateful to Sam Donnelly and David L. Swofford for their contributions to design and coding; to Andrew Rambaut, Jamie Whitacre, and Christian Zmasek for input on the file format comparison; and to Karen Cranston, Peter Foster, David Maddison, Mark Miller, Rod Page, William H. Piel, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript. The identification of specific commercial software products is for the purpose of specifying a protocol and does not imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 60 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 EI 1076-836X J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 61 IS 4 BP 675 EP 689 DI 10.1093/sysbio/sys025 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 962YE UT WOS:000305585900010 PM 22357728 ER PT J AU Ma, JH Zhu, YJ Wobus, R Wang, PX AF Ma Juhui Zhu, Yuejian Wobus, Richard Wang, Panxing TI An effective configuration of ensemble size and horizontal resolution for the NCEP GEFS SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE NCEP operational GEFS; ensemble size; horizontal resolution; ensemble mean forecast; probabilistic forecast ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; FORECASTS; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION; SKILL; PERTURBATIONS; TRANSFORM AB Two important questions are addressed in this paper using the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP): (1) How many ensemble members are needed to better represent forecast uncertainties with limited computational resources? (2) What is the relative impact on forecast skill of increasing model resolution and ensemble size? Two-month experiments at T126L28 resolution were used to test the impact of varying the ensemble size from 5 to 80 members at the 500-hPa geopotential height. Results indicate that increasing the ensemble size leads to significant improvements in the performance for all forecast ranges when measured by probabilistic metrics, but these improvements are not significant beyond 20 members for long forecast ranges when measured by deterministic metrics. An ensemble of 20 to 30 members is the most effective configuration of ensemble sizes by quantifying the tradeoff between ensemble performance and the cost of computational resources. Two representative configurations of the GEFS-the T126L28 model with 70 members and the T190L28 model with 20 members, which have equivalent computing costs-were compared. Results confirm that, for the NCEP GEFS, increasing the model resolution is more (less) beneficial than increasing the ensemble size for a short (long) forecast range. C1 [Ma Juhui; Wang, Panxing] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ma Juhui] UCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wobus, Richard] IM Syst Grp Inc IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr NCEP NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ma, JH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM juhui.ma@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU EMC FX The authors thank Drs. Dingchen HOU, Mozheng WEI, Malaquias PENA and other members of Ensemble and Post Processing Team at EMC/NCEP for helpful suggestions during the course of this work. First author also gratefully acknowledges the support of Dr. Stephen J. Lord and the EMC. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 29 IS 4 BP 782 EP 794 DI 10.1007/s00376-012-1249-y PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 962CY UT WOS:000305518200012 ER PT J AU Walden, JB Kirkley, JE Fare, R Logan, P AF Walden, John B. Kirkley, James E. Faere, Rolf Logan, Philip TI Productivity Change under an Individual Transferable Quota Management System SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE productivity change; individual transferable quotas; D24; Q22 ID OCEAN QUAHOG FISHERY; ATLANTIC SURF CLAM; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; INDUSTRIES; CAPACITY AB This study examines productivity change in the Mid-Atlantic surfclam and ocean quahog fishery, which has been managed since 1990 using Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ). Productivity change is estimated through a Malmquist index from 1981-2008, capturing change before and after implementation of the quota system. We then decompose the index to examine changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and technical change. Our findings indicate that the ITQ system has not sustained gains in vessel productivity. These results are thought to be driven by spatial changes in biomass and the inability to access more productive fishing grounds. C1 [Walden, John B.; Logan, Philip] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Social Sci Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Faere, Rolf] Oregon State Univ, Dept Econ & Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kirkley, James E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Coastal & Ocean Policy, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Walden, JB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Social Sci Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013 NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 94 IS 4 BP 913 EP 928 DI 10.1093/ajae/aas025 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 960ST UT WOS:000305411200006 ER PT J AU Curceanu, C Gillaspy, JD Hilborn, RC AF Curceanu, Catalina Gillaspy, J. D. Hilborn, Robert C. TI Resource Letter SS-1: The Spin-Statistics Connection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE physics education; quantum statistical mechanics AB This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on the spin-statistics connection and related issues such as the Pauli exclusion principle and particle indistinguishability. Journal articles and books are cited for the following topics: basic resources, general aspects of spin-statistics, the spin-statistics theorem, theories that go beyond the standard spin-statistics theorem, and experimental tests of the spin-statistics theorem and the symmetrization postulate. (C) 2012 American Association of Physics Teachers. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4704899] C1 [Curceanu, Catalina] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati CP 13, I-00044 Rome, Italy. [Gillaspy, J. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hilborn, Robert C.] Amer Assoc Phys Teachers, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Curceanu, C (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati CP 13, Via E Fermi 40, I-00044 Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 80 IS 7 BP 561 EP 577 DI 10.1119/1.4704899 PG 17 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 960QL UT WOS:000305402900001 ER PT J AU Knott, KK Boyd, D Ylitalo, GM O'Hara, TM AF Knott, Katrina K. Boyd, Daryle Ylitalo, Gina M. O'Hara, Todd M. TI Lactational transfer of mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in polar bears SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Congener; Mercury; Lactational transfer; Lipophilic contaminants; Milk; Polychlorinated biphenyls ID DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; MARINE FOOD-WEB; URSUS-MARITIMUS; HUMAN-MILK; INORGANIC MERCURY; WILD; BODY; CONTAMINANTS; EXPOSURE AB We examined concentrations of total mercury (tHg, inorganic and methylated forms) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood and milk from free-ranging Southern Beaufort-Chukchi Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to assess maternal transfer of contaminants during lactation and the potential health risk to nursing young. Concentrations of contaminants in the blood of dependent and juvenile animals (ages 1-5 years) ranged from 35.9 to 52.2 mu g kg(-1) ww for tHg and 13.9 to 52.2 mu g kg(-1) ww (3255.81-11067.79 mu g kg(-1) lw) for Sigma PCB(7)s, similar to those of adult females, but greater than adult males. Contaminant concentrations in milk ranged from 5.7 to 71.8 mu g tHg kg(-1) ww and 160 to 690 mu g Sigma PCB(11)s kg(-1) ww (547-5190 mu g kg(-1) lw). The daily intake levels for tHg by milk consumption estimated for dependent young were below the tolerable daily intake level (TDIL) of tHg established for adult humans. Although the daily intake levels of PCBs through milk consumption for cubs of the year exceeded the TDIL thresholds, calculated dioxin equivalents for PCBs in milk were below adverse physiological thresholds for aquatic mammals. Relatively high concentrations of non-dioxin like PCBs in polar bear milk and blood could impact endocrine function of Southern Beaufort-Chukchi Sea polar bears, but this is uncertain. Transfer of contaminants during mid to late lactation likely limits bioaccumulation of dietary contaminants in female polar bears during spring. As polar bears respond to changes in their arctic sea ice habitat, the adverse health impacts associated with nutritional stress may be exacerbated by tHg and PCBs exposure, especially in ecologically and toxicologically sensitive polar bear cohorts such as reproductive females and young. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knott, Katrina K.; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Knott, Katrina K.; O'Hara, Todd M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Boyd, Daryle; Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Knott, KK (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, POB 757000, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM kknott@memphiszoo.org FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) [5P20RR016466]; Alaska IDEA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE); UAF Center for Global Change Student; Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research (CIFAR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska FX The project described was supported by Grant Number 5P20RR016466 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NCRR or NIH. Laboratory analyses, staff support, and fellowship to K. Knott were provided by the Alaska IDEA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Program. This research was also supported through a UAF Center for Global Change Student Award funded by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research (CIFAR) with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. We thank S. Amstrup, G. Durner, C. Ebner, D. Holcomb, C. Kirk, E. Regehr, K. Rode, K. Simac, R. Swor, G. York, and C. Willetto for their excellent contributions in the field and laboratory. We are grateful for the contaminant and data analyses provided by B. Anulacion, R. Boyer, J. Bolton, J. Buzitis, R. Pearce, K. Tilbury and C. Sloan from NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 79 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2012 VL 88 IS 4 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.053 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 958UN UT WOS:000305266300004 PM 22464860 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Abbasi, F Ornatsky, O Cole, KD Misakian, M Gaigalas, AK He, HJ Marti, GE Tanner, S Stebbings, R AF Wang, Lili Abbasi, Fatima Ornatsky, Olga Cole, Kenneth D. Misakian, Martin Gaigalas, Adolfas K. He, Hua-Jun Marti, Gerald E. Tanner, Scott Stebbings, Richard TI Human CD4(+) lymphocytes for antigen quantification: Characterization using conventional flow cytometry and mass cytometry SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE quantitative multiparameter flow cytometry; CyTOF (TM) mass cytometry; antibody bound per cell; cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells; whole blood; lyophilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell; Cyto-Trol; CD4 expression; cell membrane intactness; cell diameter; fixation effect ID T-LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; LEUKEMIA; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATION; FIXATION; DENSITY; LYSIS AB To transform the linear fluorescence intensity scale obtained with fluorescent microspheres to an antibody bound per cell (ABC) scale, a biological cell reference material is needed. Optimally, this material should have a reproducible and tight ABC value for the expression of a known clinical reference biomarker. In this study, we characterized commercially available cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and two lyophilized PBMC preparations, Cyto-Trol and PBMCNational Institute for Biological Standard and Control (NIBSC) relative to freshly prepared PBMC and whole blood samples. It was found that the ABC values for CD4 expression on cryopreserved PBMC were consistent with those of freshly obtained PBMC and whole blood samples. By comparison, the ABC value for CD4 expression on Cyto-Trol is lower and the value on PBMCNIBSC is much lower than those of freshly prepared cell samples using both conventional flow cytometry and CyTOF (TM) mass cytometry. By performing simultaneous surface and intracellular staining measurements on these two cell samples, we found that both cell membranes are mostly intact. Moreover, CD4+ cell diameters from both lyophilized cell preparations are smaller than those of PBMC and whole blood. This could result in steric interference in antibody binding to the lyophilized cells. Further investigation of the fixation effect on the detected CD4 expression suggests that the very low ABC value obtained for CD4+ cells from lyophilized PBMCNIBSC is largely due to paraformaldehyde fixation; this significantly decreases available antibody binding sites. This study provides confirmation that the results obtained from the newly developed mass cytometry are directly comparable to the results from conventional flow cytometry when both methods are standardized using the same ABC approach. Published 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wang, Lili; Cole, Kenneth D.; Misakian, Martin; Gaigalas, Adolfas K.; He, Hua-Jun] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abbasi, Fatima] CBER FDA, Div Cell & Gene Therapies, Lab Stem Cell Biol, Cellular & Tissue Therapy Branch,Off Cellular Tis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Ornatsky, Olga; Tanner, Scott] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Ornatsky, Olga; Tanner, Scott] DVS Sci Inc, Richmond Hill, ON L4S 1Z5, Canada. [Marti, Gerald E.] CDRH FDA, Div Immunol & Hematol Devices, Heme Path Branch, Off In Vitro Diagnost Device Evaluat & Safety, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Stebbings, Richard] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Biotherapeut Grp, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov RI Stebbings, Richard/E-2117-2013 OI Stebbings, Richard/0000-0001-9628-2708 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2012 VL 81A IS 7 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.22060 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 962PZ UT WOS:000305558700007 PM 22539147 ER PT J AU Sethi, SA Dalton, M Hilborn, R AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew Dalton, Michael Hilborn, Ray TI Managing harvest risk with catch-pooling cooperatives SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea crab; catch variability; commercial fisheries; cooperatives; portfolio; risk management ID VALUE-AT-RISK; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT AB Catch-pooling cooperatives are a strategy for fishers to manage variability which can be organized independently of a central management agency. We examined the statistical properties of equal-share catch-pooling cooperatives, and tested their potential to mitigate risk using data from two Bering Sea crab fisheries prior to rationalization. The results suggest that small cooperatives of crabbers could have reduced vessel-level catch risk by as much as 40% in the red king crab fishery, but would have been ineffective in the snow crab fishery. Analytical examination of catch variances under cooperatives explains the discrepancy between the two fisheries and demonstrates that variability reduction depends on the degree of correlation amongst participants' catches. In the best-case scenario, catch-pooling cooperatives can diversify away all season to season variation resulting from individuals' luck and skill, leaving only variation in fishery-wide harvest. C1 [Dalton, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sethi, Suresh Andrew; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM sasethi@gmail.com RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Moore Foundation; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Science Foundation [1041570] FX SAS was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, the Moore Foundation-funded UW Alaska Salmon Program, and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. RH was supported by National Science Foundation award 1041570. We thank two anonymous reviewers and S. B. M. Kraak for comments which improved this manuscript. We thank B. Garber-Yonts for discussions regarding crab fisheries. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Government. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1044 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss064 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 961JR UT WOS:000305461200012 ER PT J AU Polito, MJ Koopman, HN Able, S Walsh, J Goebel, ME AF Polito, Michael J. Koopman, Heather N. Able, Stephanie Walsh, Jennifer Goebel, Michael E. TI Physiological constraints and the influence of diet on fatty acids in the yolk of gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diets; Fatty acid signature; Gentoo penguin; Pygoscelis papua; Seabirds; Yolk ID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; APTENODYTES-FORSTERI; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; KING PENGUIN; VARIABILITY; ANTARCTICA; SEABIRDS; EMBRYO; LIPIDS AB Avian yolk fatty acids (FA) composition is influenced by two main factors: maternal diet and genetic factors that regulate FA metabolism. However, due to embryonic developmental requirements, yolk FA are thought to be physiologically constrained and less useful for dietary and trophic studies. We assessed the relative contributions of diet and physiological constraints in determining the yolk FA composition of a marine bird, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) by comparing FA signatures of yolks and prey between a captive, controlled- feeding experiment and a wild population. Captive and wild yolk FA signatures differed even though both groups' yolk lipids were composed primarily of three FA (16:0, 18:0 and 18:1n-9). Differences were due to FA occurring in relatively low abundance, but which mirrored differences in the FA composition of diets. However, yolk FA signatures were correlated across three penguin species suggesting that common developmental constraints can be relatively more important than species-specific differences in diet or egg-laying physiology. While yolk FA are constrained, several minor components of yolk FA are reflective of diets and the calibration coefficients resulting from this study have the potential to be incorporated into predictive models and allow for quantitative dietary and trophic studies using FA analysis of penguin egg yolks. C1 [Polito, Michael J.; Koopman, Heather N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Able, Stephanie] Omahas Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. [Walsh, Jennifer; Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA NMFS, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM mjp7454@uncw.edu RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [ANT-0125098, ANT-0739575] FX We thank K. Vires, J. Beck, K. McGrath, T. Solberg and D. Rivard and the staff of the Scott Kingdoms of the Seas Aquarium for their helpful assistance with this study. Thank you to H. Lynch, R. Naveen, M. Rider, Oceanites Inc., Raytheon Polar Services and Linblad Expeditions for invaluable logistical support in Antarctica. We thank the US AMLR program and A. VanCise for access to krill samples and S. Wang for insights on sea-duck yolk FA. H. Lane and C. McKinstry provided for assistance with lipid extractions and statistical analyses. Thank you to A. Satake and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. This research was funded by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) grants ANT-0125098 and ANT-0739575 to S. Emslie, and completed in accordance to animal use permits provided by Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo (HDZ#07-800) and NSF OPP (ACA 2006-001). NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 25 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0174-1578 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL B JI J. Comp. Physiol. B-Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 182 IS 5 BP 703 EP 713 DI 10.1007/s00360-012-0649-8 PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 962RK UT WOS:000305562500010 PM 22327194 ER PT J AU Richard, C Gordon, IE Rothman, LS Abel, M Frommhold, L Gustafsson, M Hartmann, JM Hermans, C Lafferty, WJ Orton, GS Smith, KM Tran, H AF Richard, C. Gordon, I. E. Rothman, L. S. Abel, M. Frommhold, L. Gustafsson, M. Hartmann, J. -M. Hermans, C. Lafferty, W. J. Orton, G. S. Smith, K. M. Tran, H. TI New section of the HITRAN database: Collision-induced absorption (CIA) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Collision-induced absorption; HITRAN; Atmospheric absorption; Interacting molecular pairs ID COOL WHITE-DWARFS; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; TITANS ATMOSPHERE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; LOW-TEMPERATURES; BROWN DWARFS; 1ST STARS; A-BAND AB This paper describes the addition of Collision-Induced Absorption (CIA) into the HITRAN compilation. The data from different experimental and theoretical sources have been cast into a consistent format and formalism. The implementation of these new spectral data into the HITRAN database is invaluable for modeling and interpreting spectra of telluric and other planetary atmospheres as well as stellar atmospheres. In this implementation for HITRAN, CIAs of N-2, H-2, O-2, CO2, and CH4 due to various collisionally interacting atoms or molecules are presented. Some CIA spectra are given over an extended range of frequencies, including several H-2 overtone bands that are dipole-forbidden in the non-interacting molecules. Temperatures from tens to thousands of Kelvin are considered, as required, for example, in astrophysical analyses of objects, including cool white dwarfs, brown dwarfs. M dwarfs, cool main sequence stars, solar and extra-solar planets, and the formation of so-called first stars. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Richard, C.; Gordon, I. E.; Rothman, L. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Abel, M.; Frommhold, L.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gustafsson, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Hartmann, J. -M.; Tran, H.] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS,UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Hermans, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orton, G. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Smith, K. M.] RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu RI Gustafsson, Magnus/A-1661-2010; Tran, Ha/I-5076-2013; OI Gustafsson, Magnus/0000-0002-7629-0169; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 FU NASA through the Planetary Atmospheres grant [NNX10AB94G]; Earth Observing System (EOS) [NAG5-13534] FX This effort has been supported by NASA through the Planetary Atmospheres grant NNX10AB94G and the Earth Observing System (EOS) under grant NAG5-13534. NR 58 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 113 IS 11 SI SI BP 1276 EP 1285 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.11.004 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 959YX UT WOS:000305355200041 ER PT J AU Prieto, R Janiger, D Silva, MA Waring, GT Goncalves, JM AF Prieto, Rui Janiger, David Silva, Monica A. Waring, Gordon T. Goncalves, Joao M. TI The forgotten whale: a bibliometric analysis and literature review of the North Atlantic sei whale Balaenoptera borealis SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE Balaenopteridae; feeding ecology; human interactions; population biology ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ADJACENT WATERS; BALEEN WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB 1 A bibliometric analysis of the literature on the sei whale Balaenoptera borealis is presented. Research output on the species is quantified and compared with research on four other whale species. The results show a significant increase in research for all species except the sei whale. Research output is characterized chronologically and by oceanic basin. 2 The species' distribution, movements, stock structure, feeding, reproduction, abundance, acoustics, mortality and threats are reviewed for the North Atlantic, and the review is complemented with previously unpublished data. 3 Knowledge on the distribution and movements of the sei whale in the North Atlantic is still mainly derived from whaling records. Movement patterns and winter distribution are not clear. Surveys in some known summering areas show that the species has changed its distribution in parts of its previously known range. 4 With the present information, it is impossible to determine whether or not the North Atlantic sei whale population is subdivided into biological units. Abundance estimates are fragmentary and cover a restricted part of the summering habitat. 5 In the North Atlantic, sei whales seem to be stenophagous, feeding almost exclusively on calanoid copepods and euphausiids. On feeding grounds, they are associated with oceanic frontal systems, but how they find and explore these structures has not been fully investigated. 6 The available data on vital rates are based on whaling-derived studies and are 25 years old or older. Despite increasing human and environmentally induced pressures, there are no current estimates for mortality and population trends. 7 Current research needs include the clear definition of stock units, reliable abundance estimates, studies of distribution and migration that incorporate the identification of wintering areas, acquisition of up-to-date data on reproduction and mortality, and investigations into the consequences of environmental changes for the species. C1 [Prieto, Rui; Silva, Monica A.; Goncalves, Joao M.] Univ Acores, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. [Prieto, Rui; Silva, Monica A.; Goncalves, Joao M.] Univ Acores, Ctr IMAR, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. [Janiger, David] Los Angeles Cty Museum Nat Hist, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Silva, Monica A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Waring, Gordon T.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Prieto, R (reprint author), Univ Acores, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. EM rprieto@uac.pt; djaniger@nhm.org; monica@uac.pt; gwaring@mercury.wh.whoi.edu; jgoncalves@uac.pt RI Silva, Monica/D-1893-2012; Prieto, Rui/G-8286-2011; OI Silva, Monica/0000-0002-2683-309X; Prieto, Rui/0000-0002-0354-2572; Goncalves, Joao Manuel/0000-0001-7717-658X FU FCT [SFRH/BPD/29841/2006, SFRH/BD/32520/2006]; Associated Laboratory ISR FX We would like to thank the following colleagues who have helped with useful comments and unpublished information: Kate Stafford (Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, USA), Luis Freitas (Madeira Whale Museum, Portugal), Sara Magalhaes (Mar Ilimitado, Portugal) and Richard White (Lindblad Expeditions). Monica Silva was supported by an FCT postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/29841/2006), and Rui Prieto was supported by an FCT doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/32520/2006). IMAR-DOP/UAc is the Research and Development Unit Number 531 and is part of the Associated Laboratory ISR funded through the Pluri-annual and Programmatic funding schemes of FCT-MEC and DRCT-Azores. NR 179 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 42 IS 3 BP 235 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00195.x PG 38 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 960MT UT WOS:000305393300003 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Estimating common mean and heterogeneity variance in two study case meta-analysis SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE DerSimonian-Laird procedure; Mill's ratio; Quadratic risk; Random effects model; Restricted likelihood ID NORMAL-POPULATIONS; ADMISSIBILITY AB The relative behavior of estimators of the common mean and of the heterogeneity variance in the simple random effects model of meta-analysis is explored. A new risk function relating these estimation problems is introduced. Bayes estimators for each of the parameters are derived. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, US Dept Commerce, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rukhin@math.umbc.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1318 EP 1325 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2012.03.031 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 961TV UT WOS:000305493300015 ER PT J AU Watson, JR Kendall, BE Siegel, DA Mitarai, S AF Watson, James R. Kendall, Bruce E. Siegel, David A. Mitarai, Satoshi TI Changing Seascapes, Stochastic Connectivity, and Marine Metapopulation Dynamics SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE stochasticity; metapopulation dynamics; matrix modeling; connectivity; larval dispersal; fisheries management ID SPECIES COEXISTENCE; LARVAL CONNECTIVITY; GROWTH-RATES; DISPERSAL; POPULATIONS; FISH; HABITAT; PERSISTENCE; CALIFORNIA; RESERVES AB The probability of dispersal from one habitat patch to another is a key quantity in our efforts to understand and predict the dynamics of natural populations. Unfortunately, an often overlooked property of this potential connectivity is that it may change with time. In the marine realm, transient landscape features, such as mesoscale eddies and alongshore jets, produce potential connectivity that is highly variable in time. We assess the impact of this temporal variability by comparing simulations of nearshore metapopulation dynamics when potential connectivity is constant through time (i.e., when it is deterministic) and when it varies in time (i.e., when it is stochastic). We use mathematical analysis to reach general conclusions and realistic biophysical modeling to determine the actual magnitude of these changes for a specific system: nearshore marine species in the Southern California Bight. We find that in general the temporal variability of potential connectivity affects two important quantities: metapopulation growth rates when the species is rare and equilibrium abundances. Our biophysical models reveal that stochastic outcomes are almost always lower than their deterministic counterparts, sometimes by up to 40%. This has implications for how we use spatial information, such as connectivity, to manage nearshore (and other) systems. C1 [Watson, James R.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kendall, Bruce E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mitarai, Satoshi] Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol, Marine Biophys Unit, Okinawa 9040412, Japan. RP Watson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM jrwatson@princeton.edu RI Kendall, Bruce/C-1871-2008; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008 OI Kendall, Bruce/0000-0003-1782-8106; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF FX We thank C. Dong and J. McWilliams for sharing the regional ocean modeling system model solutions, the members of the Flow Fish Fishing National Science Foundation (NSF) Biocomplexity project (especially H. Berkley, A. Rassweiler, and C. White), J. Elliott, and two anonymous reviewers for their help in preparing this article. Funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the NSF. NR 59 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 53 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 180 IS 1 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1086/665992 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 956JU UT WOS:000305086700011 PM 22673654 ER PT J AU Massaro, RFS De Carlo, EH Drupp, PS Mackenzie, FT Jones, SM Shamberger, KE Sabine, CL Feely, RA AF Massaro, Rachel F. S. De Carlo, Eric Heinen Drupp, Patrick S. Mackenzie, Fred T. Jones, Stacy Maenner Shamberger, Katie E. Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. TI Multiple Factors driving Variability of CO2 Exchange Between the Ocean and Atmosphere in a Tropical Coral Reef Environment SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Calcification; Coral reef; Gas exchange; Primary productivity; Tropical ID SOUTHERN KANEOHE BAY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAGNESIAN CALCITES; COASTAL OCEAN; GAS TRANSFER; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; SURFACE SEAWATER; NORTH PACIFIC; STORM RUNOFF AB In this paper, we present the results of the first automated continuous multi-year high temporal frequency study of CO2 dynamics in a coastal coral reef ecosystem. The data cover 2.5 years of nearly continuous operation of the CRIMP-CO2 buoy spanning particularly wet and dry seasons in southern Kaneohe Bay, a semi-enclosed tropical coral reef ecosystem in Hawaii. We interpret our observational results in the context of how rapidly changing physical and biogeochemical conditions affect the pCO(2) of surface waters and the magnitude and direction of air-sea exchange of CO2. Local climatic forcing strongly affects the biogeochemistry, water column properties, and gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere in Kaneohe Bay. Rainfall driven by trade winds and other localized storms generates pulses of nutrient-rich water, which exert a strong control on primary productivity and impact carbon cycling in the water column of the bay. The "La Nia" winter of 2005-2006 was one of the wettest winters in Hawaii in 30 years and contrasted sharply with preceding and subsequent drier winter seasons. In addition, short-term variability in physical forcing adds complexity and helps drive the response of the CO2-carbonic acid system of the bay. Freshwater pulses to Kaneohe Bay provide nutrient subsidies to bay waters, relieving the normal nitrogen limitation of this system and driving phytoplankton productivity. Seawater pCO(2) responds to the blooms as well as to physical forcing mechanisms, leading to a relatively wide range of pCO(2) in seawater from about 250 to 650 mu atm, depending on conditions. Large drawdowns in pCO(2) following storms occasionally cause bay waters to switch from being a source of CO2 to the atmosphere to being a sink. Yet, during our study period, the southern sector of Kaneohe Bay remained a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere on an annualized basis. The integrated net annual flux of CO2 from the bay to the atmosphere varied between years by a factor of more than two and was lower during the wet "La Nia" year, than during the following year. Over the study period, the net annualized flux was 1.80 mol C m(-2) year(-1). Our CO2 flux estimates are consistent with prior synoptic work in Kaneohe Bay and with estimates in other tropical coral reef ecosystems studied to date. The high degree of climatological, physical, and biogeochemical variability observed in this study suggests that automated high-frequency observations are needed to capture the short-, intermediate-, and long-term variability of CO2 and other properties of these highly dynamic coastal coral reef ecosystems. C1 [Massaro, Rachel F. S.; De Carlo, Eric Heinen; Drupp, Patrick S.; Mackenzie, Fred T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jones, Stacy Maenner; Shamberger, Katie E.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Carlo, EH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu RI Shamberger, Kathryn/C-9531-2014; OI Shamberger, Kathryn/0000-0002-2927-3657; Drupp, Patrick/0000-0001-5758-0702 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/EL-33]; University of Hawaii; SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce [NA05OAR4171048]; NSF [OCE0749401] FX The authors would like to express their appreciation for the logistical support provided by NOAA/PMEL engineering and technical personnel, in particular Christian Meinig, Sylvia Musielewicz, and Noah Lawrence-Slavas. Much of our work in Kaneohe Bay would also not have been possible without the continued cooperation and assistance of the HIMB. We would like to thank Dr. Jo Ann Leong, director of HIMB, and her support staff including Jim Lakey, Fritz King, Wayne Nakamoto, Jimmy Olson, and Darren Oshiro. This study also benefited from fruitful discussions with Marlin Atkinson and Chris Winn. We also acknowledge the comments provided by critical reviewers who helped improve this manuscript. This work was supported in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Project R/EL-33 (to Eric H. De Carlo), which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA05OAR4171048 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce and through NSF Grant OCE0749401 (to Fred T. Mackenzie). The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. This is UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-05-42 and SOEST contribution number 8679 and PMEL contribution number 3864. NR 126 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 53 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1380-6165 EI 1573-1421 J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM JI Aquat. Geochem. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 18 IS 4 BP 357 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s10498-012-9170-7 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 958JA UT WOS:000305231500005 ER PT J AU Bryant, R Johnsson, E Mulholland, G AF Bryant, Rodney Johnsson, Erik Mulholland, George TI Characterizing heat release rate transients SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Heat release rate; Fire growth; Fire hazard evaluation; Measurement response time; Calorimetry AB A series of experiments was performed to characterize the time response of a large-scale open calorimeter to square-wave pulses in terms of peak heat release rate, width of the peak, and conservation of energy. Quantitative heat release rate measurements of full-scale fires up to 2.7 MW were conducted using the principle of oxygen-consumption calorimetry. A remotely-operated natural gas burner provided a reproducible heat source and near-square-wave inputs to the system. The calorimeter was capable of resolving the actual peak heat release rate value for fire transient events having a full width at half height of 15 s or greater. However, if the full width at half height measured by the calorimeter was less than 11 s, the measured peak value underestimated the actual peak heat release rate by 15% or more. Even if the peak heat release rate could not be fully resolved, the calorimeter was able to provide an estimate of the total heat released to within about 5%, demonstrating conservation of energy by the system. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bryant, Rodney; Johnsson, Erik; Mulholland, George] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, R (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.04.002 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 956QN UT WOS:000305104300014 ER PT J AU Yeary, M Crain, G Zahrai, A Curtis, CD Meier, J Kelley, R Ivic, IR Palmer, RD Doviak, RJ Zhang, G Yu, TY AF Yeary, Mark Crain, Gerald Zahrai, Allen Curtis, Christopher D. Meier, John Kelley, Redmond Ivic, Igor R. Palmer, Robert D. Doviak, Richard J. Zhang, G. Yu, Tian-You TI Multichannel Receiver Design, Instrumentation, and First Results at the National Weather Radar Testbed SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA) CY MAY 30-31, 2011 CL Bari, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc (IMS) DE Atmospheric measurements; meteorological radar; radar receivers; radar remote sensing; radar signal processing ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY; SEVERE STORMS; CLUTTER AB When the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) was installed in 2004, a single-channel digital receiver was implemented so that the radar could mimic typical Weather Surveillance Radar (WSR) version 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) capability. This, however, left unused eight other channels, built into the antenna. This paper describes the hardware instrumentation of a recently completed project that digitizes the radar signals produced by these channels. The NWRT is the nation's first phased array devoted to weather observations, and this testbed serves as an evaluation platform to test new hardware and signal processing concepts. The multichannel digital data will foster a new generation of adaptive/fast scanning techniques and space-antenna/interferometry measurements, which will then be used for improved weather forecasting via data assimilation. The multichannel receiver collects signals from the sum, azimuth-difference, elevation-difference, and five broad-beamed auxiliary channels. One of the major advantages of the NWRT is the capability to adaptively scan weather phenomena at a higher temporal resolution than is possible with the WSR-88D. Access to the auxiliary channels will enable clutter mitigation and advanced array processing for higher data quality with shorter dwell times. Potential benefits of higher quality and higher resolution data include: better understanding of storm dynamics and convective initiation; better detection of small-scale phenomena, including tornadoes and microbursts; and crossbeam wind, shear, and turbulence estimates. These items have the distinct possibility to ultimately render increased lead time for warnings and improved weather prediction. Finally, samples of recently collected data are presented in the results section of this paper. C1 [Yeary, Mark; Crain, Gerald; Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Yeary, Mark; Crain, Gerald; Meier, John; Kelley, Redmond; Palmer, Robert D.; Zhang, G.; Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zahrai, Allen; Curtis, Christopher D.; Ivic, Igor R.; Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Curtis, Christopher D.; Ivic, Igor R.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Palmer, Robert D.; Zhang, G.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2022 EP 2033 DI 10.1109/TIM.2011.2178671 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 957HX UT WOS:000305153000022 ER PT J AU Watson, S Tseng, IH Marray, T Pellegrin, B Comte, J AF Watson, Stephanie Tseng, I-Hsiang Marray, Tarek Pellegrin, Bastien Comte, Julien TI Pigment and nanofiller photoreactivity database SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Titanium dioxide; Pigment; Nanoparticle; Photoreactivity; Free radical; EPR ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; SOL-GEL PROCESS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TIO2 PARTICLES; SPIN-RESONANCE; UV-IRRADIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM AB The service life and durability of nanocomposites containing fillers are affected by photocatalytic properties of these fillers, particularly narrow band gap metal oxides (NBMOs) such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). When irradiated with ultraviolet flux, NBMOs produce electrons and other species that are capable of causing rapid degradation of organic materials with which they are in contact. Electrons and holes (positively charged species) migrate to the surface and react with species to generate various free radicals. Measurement science tools for characterizing TiO2 photoreactivity using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods have been developed by the Engineering Laboratory (EL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and a linkage between EPR measurements and current industrial methods has been established. A database of TiO2 photoreactivity values and other data measured via the EPR methods and industrial assays has been compiled and will be accessed through a searchable software database in the NIST Standard Reference Database programhttp://www.nist.gov/srd/index.cfm. The database provides fundamental photoreactivity data that can be used for product selection and development purposes to enable more reliable assessments of end-performance. C1 [Watson, Stephanie; Tseng, I-Hsiang; Marray, Tarek; Pellegrin, Bastien; Comte, Julien] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephanie.watson@nist.gov OI Pellegrin, Bastien/0000-0002-4343-2108 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s11998-012-9408-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 958IZ UT WOS:000305231400006 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Cooley, RI Gerrodette, T AF Ruiz-Cooley, R. I. Gerrodette, T. TI Tracking large-scale latitudinal patterns of delta C-13 and delta N-15 along the E Pacific using epi-mesopelagic squid as indicators SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE consumers; Dosidicus gigas; nitrogen and carbon cycling; ocean currents; stable isotopes; Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS CEPHALOPODA; TROPICAL SOUTH-PACIFIC; JUMBO SQUID; MARINE PLANKTON; NORTH PACIFIC; GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS; NITROGEN-FIXATION AB Because consumers integrate components of their habitat through diet over time and space, stable isotope ratios from animal tissues can track spatial variation in baseline values across marine systems. To understand large-scale geographic patterns in the eastern Pacific ocean, muscle delta C-13 and delta N-15 from epi-mesopelagic squid (n = 404) were collected from 39 degrees S to 53 degrees N and analyzed in relation to hemisphere, latitude, geographic area and current systems. Geographic patterns were controlled for effects of secondary factors such as squid size, species (Dosidicus gigas and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis), tissue and year of collection. Joint latitudinal variation of delta C-13 and delta N-15 was also described for the first time. Both delta C-13 and delta N-15, as well as the standardized difference between them, had distinct patterns by latitude. delta C-13 was the highest at 22 degrees S and decreased north and south of that latitude, with lower values at mid-northern latitudes than near the equator. delta N-15 had the lowest values near the equator and gradually increased towards mid-latitudes. The standardized difference between delta C-13 and delta N-15 was highest (C was higher relative to N) near the equator and declined to mid-latitudes. Overall, the delta C-13 and delta N-15 geographic patterns agreed with previous studies for delta N-15 from surface NO3-, but not for delta C-13 in plankton, POM and squid. We suggest that the biochemical processes for carbon and nitrogen are spatially more variable than what has previously been reported because squid isotope ratios varied also among current systems and geographic areas. These geographic patterns in delta C-13 and delta N-15, indicated by consumers such as cephalopods, could improve our understanding about the interaction between the carbon and nitrogen cycle and the heterogeneity in biochemical cycling processes in marine systems. C1 [Ruiz-Cooley, R. I.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gerrodette, T.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ruiz-Cooley, RI (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Council, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Iliana.Ruiz-Cooley@noaa.gov FU MBRS-RISE R25 [R25GM061222] FX This research was made possible thanks to the international support from many scientists for the collection of specimens and data. Special thanks to C. Yamashiro, L. Mariategui, J. Rubio and T. Dioses (Instituto del Mar del Peru), M. Pedraza (University of Concepcion, Chile), L. T. Ballance, R. L. Pitman, A. Henry (SWFSC-NOAA) and the crew from the David Starr Jordan and the McArthur II for their extensive support in the collection of samples, and also to J. Cosgrove and K. Sendall (Royal British Colombia Museum, Canada) and J. Field, K. Baltz and J. Phillips (SWFSC-NMFS, Santa Cruz) for providing samples for this study. We are very grateful to J. J. Cooley for his help in transporting and processing samples, as well as E. C. Villa and K. Garcia. We thank V. Atudorei (University of New Mexico) for running samples for isotope analysis, T. J. Moore (SWFSC-NOAA) for helping in the construction of the map, and to Paul Fiedler, David Wells (SWFSC-NOAA), Matthew D. McCarthy and Fabian Batista (University of California, Santa Cruz) and Alyson Santoro (University of Maryland) for their constructive criticism and comments. We also thank our anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that improved the manuscript. This research was partially funded by the MBRS-RISE R25 Grant #R25GM061222. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD JUL PY 2012 VL 3 IS 7 AR UNSP 63 DI 10.1890/ES12-00094.1 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256IF UT WOS:000327302300005 ER PT J AU Anthony, SJ St Leger, JA Pugliares, K Ip, HS Chan, JM Carpenter, ZW Navarrete-Macias, I Sanchez-Leon, M Saliki, JT Pedersen, J Karesh, W Daszak, P Rabadan, R Rowles, T Lipkin, WI AF Anthony, S. J. St Leger, J. A. Pugliares, K. Ip, H. S. Chan, J. M. Carpenter, Z. W. Navarrete-Macias, I. Sanchez-Leon, M. Saliki, J. T. Pedersen, J. Karesh, W. Daszak, P. Rabadan, R. Rowles, T. Lipkin, W. I. TI Emergence of Fatal Avian Influenza in New England Harbor Seals SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HIGH VIRULENCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; BINDING; TRANSMISSION; ADAPTATION; SWINE; REPLICATION AB From September to December 2011, 162 New England harbor seals died in an outbreak of pneumonia. Sequence analysis of postmortem samples revealed the presence of an avian H3N8 influenza A virus, similar to a virus circulating in North American waterfowl since at least 2002 but with mutations that indicate recent adaption to mammalian hosts. These include a D701N mutation in the viral PB2 protein, previously reported in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses infecting people. Lectin staining and agglutination assays indicated the presence of the avian-preferred SA alpha-2,3 and mammalian SA alpha-2,6 receptors in seal respiratory tract, and the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes bearing either the SA alpha-2,3 or the SA alpha-2,6 receptor. The emergence of this A/harbor seal/Massachusetts/1/2011 virus may herald the appearance of an H3N8 influenza clade with potential for persistence and cross-species transmission. IMPORTANCE The emergence of new strains of influenza virus is always of great public concern, especially when the infection of a new mammalian host has the potential to result in a widespread outbreak of disease. Here we report the emergence of an avian influenza virus (H3N8) in New England harbor seals which caused an outbreak of pneumonia and contributed to a U. S. federally recognized unusual mortality event (UME). This outbreak is particularly significant, not only because of the disease it caused in seals but also because the virus has naturally acquired mutations that are known to increase transmissibility and virulence in mammals. Monitoring the spillover and adaptation of avian viruses in mammalian species is critically important if we are to understand the factors that lead to both epizootic and zoonotic emergence. C1 [Anthony, S. J.; Navarrete-Macias, I.; Sanchez-Leon, M.; Lipkin, W. I.] Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Anthony, S. J.; Karesh, W.; Daszak, P.] EcoHlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. [St Leger, J. A.] SeaWorld, San Diego, CA USA. [Pugliares, K.] New England Aquarium, Boston, MA USA. [Ip, H. S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Chan, J. M.; Carpenter, Z. W.; Rabadan, R.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY USA. [Saliki, J. T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pedersen, J.] USDA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Rowles, T.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Anthony, SJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect & Immun, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sja2127@columbia.edu; wil2001@columbia.edu FU NIH [AI57158, LM010140, CA121852]; NIH/NSF [TW005769]; USAID PREDICT; DTRA FX We acknowledge funding from the NIH: AI57158 (NBC-Lipkin), LM010140, and CA121852; NIH/NSF TW005769; USAID PREDICT; and DTRA. NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 3 IS 4 AR e00166-12 DI 10.1128/mBio.00166-12 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 003DQ UT WOS:000308588800016 PM 22851656 ER PT J AU Quinn, TP Sergeant, CJ Beaudreau, AH Beauchamp, DA AF Quinn, Thomas P. Sergeant, Christopher J. Beaudreau, Anne H. Beauchamp, David A. TI Spatial and temporal patterns of vertical distribution for three planktivorous fishes in Lake Washington SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE diel vertical migration; temperature; predator avoidance; planktivores ID JUVENILE SOCKEYE-SALMON; STICKLEBACK GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; SMELT SPIRINCHUS-THALEICHTHYS; KOKANEE ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; LONGFIN SMELT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; ANTIPREDATION WINDOW; NEOMYSIS-MERCEDIS; FORAGING MODEL; STRIPED BASS AB We sampled three limnetic fish species: juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) in Lake Washington to quantify species-specific patterns of diel vertical migration (DVM). Catch-per-unit-effort data analysed from 15 years of midwater trawling documented seasonal and diel differences in vertical distributions for each species. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that the patterns of DVM in Lake Washington were affected by life history, size and morphology. Sockeye salmon showed clear DVM in spring but essentially no DVM in fall, remaining in deep water, whereas three-spine sticklebacks were prevalent at the surface at night in both seasons. In fall, distribution patterns may be explained by differences in thermal performance (e.g., sticklebacks favouring warm water), but the patterns were also consistent with inter-specific differences in predation risk. Younger sockeye salmon and longfin smelt were present in greater proportions higher in the water column during dusk and night periods than older conspecifics. Compared with sockeye salmon, the greater use by three-spine sticklebacks of surface waters throughout the diel cycle during weak thermal stratification in spring was consistent with the hypothesis that sticklebacks armour reduces predation risk, but use of this warmer, metabolically beneficial stratum may also have promoted growth. This study illustrates variation in the vertical distribution of three sympatric planktivores and offers broader implications for the DVM phenomenon and applied lake ecology. C1 [Quinn, Thomas P.; Sergeant, Christopher J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beaudreau, Anne H.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Beauchamp, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tquinn@u.washington.edu FU University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Worthington Endowed Professorship; U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Department of Ecology; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Institute; University of Washington, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; University of Washington, Washington Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the vessel crews for sampling assistance and especially Kurt Dobszinsky and the F/V Chasina. We are grateful to Rachel Hovel for sharing unpublished experimental data on thermal bioenergetics of three-spine sticklebacks. Funding was provided by the instructional programme at the University of Washington's School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and we thank the many students and teaching assistants for their help. Additional funding was provided by the Worthington Endowed Professorship. The Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit is jointly supported by the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Washington, Washington Departments of Ecology, Fish and Wildlife, and Natural Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Wildlife Institute. The use of trade, product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 67 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JUL PY 2012 VL 21 IS 3 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2012.00554.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 952UP UT WOS:000304818800003 ER PT J AU Garmendia, M Bricker, S Revilla, M Borja, A Franco, J Bald, J Valencia, V AF Garmendia, Maialen Bricker, Suzanne Revilla, Marta Borja, Angel Franco, Javier Bald, Juan Valencia, Victoriano TI Eutrophication Assessment in Basque Estuaries: Comparing a North American and a European Method SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Eutrophication; DPSIR; ASSETS; European Water Framework Directive; Estuaries; Northeast Atlantic region ID COASTAL SYSTEMS; METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; WATER-QUALITY; DPSIR; BAY; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; SPAIN AB Eutrophication in marine ecosystems is an important problem that requires an accurate assessment. Although Basque estuaries (northern Spain) have historically been under high anthropogenic pressure, no specific eutrophication assessment method had been applied in these waters. In this study, a method employed in the Basque Country (BC) to assess the "risk of failing to achieve good ecological status" under the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adapted to exclusively assess the risk of eutrophication. This method is based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response approach. The results from this method (called WFD-BC method) were compared to the results from Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS; a specific method developed in the US to assess estuarine trophic status in a pressure-state-response approach). The nutrient pressure was better characterized with the WFD-BC method due to the local hydrographic conditions (i.e., small and river-influenced estuaries) that were not well accommodated by the ASSETS method. In contrast, the WFD-BC results for assessment of state generally reflected worse conditions than the results from the ASSETS method due to the different indicators employed and the way these are integrated in the WFD-BC method. Overall, the WFD-BC method showed a good potential to assess eutrophication. However, to improve it, a lower weight for the benthos and macroalgae is recommended for evaluating state. C1 [Garmendia, Maialen; Revilla, Marta; Borja, Angel; Franco, Javier; Bald, Juan; Valencia, Victoriano] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Bricker, Suzanne] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Garmendia, M (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Herrera Kaia Portualdea S-N, Pasaia 20110, Spain. EM mgarmendia@azti.es RI GARMENDIA, MAIALEN/D-4218-2014; OI Bald, Juan/0000-0002-8549-8092; Borja, Angel/0000-0003-1601-2025 FU Basque Water Agency (Uragentzia) of the Basque Government; Basque Government (Department of Education, Universities and Investigation) FX Symbols in Fig. 5 are courtesy of the Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/symbols/). This study was supported by the Basque Water Agency (Uragentzia) of the Basque Government. M. Garmendia received a grant from the Basque Government (Department of Education, Universities and Investigation). We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for some very constructive comments. This paper is contribution number 569 from AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research Division). NR 56 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JUL PY 2012 VL 35 IS 4 BP 991 EP 1006 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9489-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 951CF UT WOS:000304697600006 ER PT J AU Suchman, CL Brodeur, RD Daly, EA Emmett, RL AF Suchman, Cynthia L. Brodeur, Richard D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Emmett, Robert L. TI Large medusae in surface waters of the Northern California Current: variability in relation to environmental conditions SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Jellyfish; Chrysaora; Aequorea; Climate; Upwelling; California Current ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; LARGE JELLYFISH; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CTENOPHORE BLOOMS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA; ABUNDANCE AB Blooms of jellyfish around the world have been correlated with climatic variables related to environmental causes. Sizeable populations of large medusae, primarily Chrysaora fuscescens and Aequorea sp., appear annually in shelf waters of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Previous research has shown that C. fuscescens is abundant seasonally in the inner shelf and exhibits high feeding rates on zooplankton. We examined medusae caught in surface trawls over an 8-year period (2000-2007) using (1) mesoscale surveys sampling 8-10 transects in May, June, and September, and (2) biweekly surveys along two transects from April to August, relating abundance to environmental parameters. C. fuscescens abundances generally peaked in late summer, whereas Aequorea sp. peaked in May or June. General additive models of the mesoscale data indicated that station catches for both species correlated with latitude, temperature, salinity, and distance from shore (and chlorophyll a for Aequorea sp.). Analysis of interannual variability revealed that highest catches of medusae correlated with cool spring-summer conditions, or negative anomalies of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and low winter-summer runoff from the Columbia River. Results confirmed our hypothesis of connections between jellyfish populations and regional climate conditions in a region known for strong physical forcing of ecosystem processes. C1 [Suchman, Cynthia L.] N Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Suchman, CL (reprint author), N Pacific Res Board, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM cynthia.suchman@nprb.org FU Bonneville Power Administration; US GLOBEC; Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA); National Science Foundation FX Thanks to the captains and crew of the FV Frosti, FV Ocean Harvester, FV Sea Eagle, FV Piky, RV Miller Freeman, and RV W. E. Ricker, as well as the many seagoing scientists who participated in the fieldwork component of this project. G. Krutzikowsky, C. Morgan, S. Pool, and C. Bucher helped with database management. E. Casillas, J. Field, C. Rice, J. Purcell and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration, the US GLOBEC Northeast Pacific Program, and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA). Completion of this manuscript was supported by the National Science Foundation, while the lead author was working at the Foundation. Any opinion, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2012 VL 690 IS 1 BP 113 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1055-7 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 950CL UT WOS:000304626600009 ER PT J AU Moreau, JL Weir, MD Giuseppetti, AA Chow, LC Antonucci, JM Xu, HHK AF Moreau, Jennifer L. Weir, Michael D. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. Chow, Laurence C. Antonucci, Joseph M. Xu, Hockin H. K. TI Long-term mechanical durability of dental nanocomposites containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dental nanocomposite; amorphous calcium phosphate; wear; thermal-cycling; long-term water-aging; stress-bearing ID RESIN-COMPOSITES; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; WEAR; RESTORATIONS; WATER; PERFORMANCE; CONVERSION; CEMENTS AB Half of all dental restorations fail within 10 years, with secondary caries and restoration fracture being the main reasons. Calcium phosphate (CaP) composites can release Ca and PO4 ions and remineralize tooth lesions. However, there has been no report on their long-term mechanical durability. The objective of this study was to investigate the wear, thermal-cycling, and water-aging of composites containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACP). NACP of 112-nm and glass particles were used to fabricate four composites: (1) 0% NACP+75% glass; (2) 10% NACP+65% glass; (3) 15% NACP+60% glass; and (4) 20% NACP+50% glass. Flexural strength and elastic modulus of NACP nanocomposites were not degraded by thermal-cycling. Wear depth increased with increasing NACP filler level. Wear depths of NACP nanocomposites after 4 X 105 cycles were within the range for commercial controls. Mechanical properties of all the tested materials decreased with water-aging time. After 2 years, the strengths of NACP nanocomposites were moderately higher than the control composite, and much higher than the resin-modified glass ionomers. The mechanism of strength loss for resin-modified glass ionomer was identified as microcracking and air-bubbles. NACP nanocomposites and control composite were generally free of microcracks and air-bubbles. In conclusion, combining NACP nanoparticles with reinforcement glass particles resulted in novel nanocomposites with long-term mechanical properties higher than those of commercial controls, and wear within the range of commercial controls. These strong long-term properties, plus the Ca-PO4 ion release and acid-neutralization capability reported earlier, suggest that the new NACP nanocomposites may be promising for stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2012. C1 [Moreau, Jennifer L.; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Giuseppetti, Anthony A.; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01 DE17974, DE16416]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry, ADAF, NIST FX Contract grant sponsor: NIH; contract grant numbers: R01 DE17974, DE16416; Contract grant sponsor: University of Maryland School of Dentistry, ADAF, NIST NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JUL PY 2012 VL 100B IS 5 BP 1264 EP 1273 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.32691 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 953JX UT WOS:000304864500010 PM 22514160 ER PT J AU Cheng, L Weir, MD Xu, HHK Antonucci, JM Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Xu, SM Zhou, XD AF Cheng, Lei Weir, Michael D. Xu, Hockin H. K. Antonucci, Joseph M. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Xu, Sarah M. Zhou, Xuedong TI Effect of amorphous calcium phosphate and silver nanocomposites on dental plaque microcosm biofilms SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE antibacterial nanocomposite; amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles; silver nanoparticles; human dental plaque microcosm biofilm; stress-bearing; tooth caries inhibition ID RESIN-COMPOSITES; IN-VITRO; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; NANOPARTICLES; CARIES; MODEL; AMALGAM AB A dental composite containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACP) was developed that released calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) ions and possessed acid-neutralization capability. There has been little study on incorporation of antibacterial agents into calcium phosphate composites. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticle (NAg) mass fraction in NACP nanocomposite on mechanical properties and dental plaque microcosm biofilm for the first time. NACP nanoparticles of 116 nm were synthesized via a spray-drying technique. NAg nanoparticles were synthesized using Ag 2-ethylhexanoate and 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate, yielding NAg of particle size of 2.7 nm that were well-dispersed in the resin. Five NACP nanocomposites were fabricated with NAg mass fractions of 0, 0.028, 0.042, 0.088, and 0.175%, respectively. Mechanical properties of NACP nanocomposites containing 00.042% of NAg matched those of a commercial composite without antibacterial activity. Live/dead assay of dental plaque microcosm biofilms showed complete coverage with live bacteria on commercial composite. However, there were increasingly more dead bacteria with higher NAg content in the NACP nanocomposite. Colony-forming unit (CFU) counts for total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci for NACP nanocomposite with 0.042% NAg were about 1/4 those of commercial composite. Lactic acid production on NACP nanocomposite with 0.042% NAg was 1/3 that on commercial composite. In conclusion, novel NACPNAg nanocomposites were developed which possessed good mechanical properties and potent antibacterial properties, with substantially reduced biofilm viability and lactic acid production. Hence, the NACPNAg nanocomposites are promising for dental restorations with remineralizing and antibacterial capabilities. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B:000000, 2012 C1 [Cheng, Lei; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.; Xu, Sarah M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Oral Dis, W China Sch Stomatol, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biomat Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIH [R01DE17974, R01DE14190]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry; NIDCR-NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST; West China School of Stomatology FX The authors thank Dr. L.C. Chow and Dr. L. Sun of the American Dental Association, Prof. Ashraf Fouad of the University of Maryland School of Dentistry, and Prof. Qianming Chen of the West China School of Stomatology for discussions. They are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) for donating the materials, and the Core Imaging Facility of University of Maryland Baltimore for technical support. This study was supported by NIH R01DE17974 and R01DE14190 (HX), a seed fund (HX) from the University of Maryland School of Dentistry, NIDCR-NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01, NIST, and West China School of Stomatology. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD JUL PY 2012 VL 100B IS 5 BP 1378 EP 1386 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.32709 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 953JX UT WOS:000304864500023 PM 22566464 ER PT J AU Andris, M Arias, MC Barthel, BL Bluhm, BH Bried, J Canal, D Chen, XM Cheng, P Chiappero, MB Coelho, MM Collins, AB Dash, M Davis, MC Duarte, M Dubois, MP Francoso, E Galmes, MA Gopal, K Jarne, P Kalbe, M Karczmarski, L Kim, H Martella, MB Mcbride, RS Negri, V Negro, JJ Newell, AD Piedade, AF Puchulutegui, C Raggi, L Samonte, IE Sarasola, JH See, DR Seyoum, S Silva, MC Solaro, C Tolley, KA Tringali, MD Vasemagi, A Xu, LS Zanon-Martinez, JI AF Andris, Malvina Arias, M. C. Barthel, Brandon L. Bluhm, Burton H. Bried, Joel Canal, D. Chen, X. M. Cheng, P. Chiappero, Marina B. Coelho, Manuela M. Collins, Angela B. Dash, M. Davis, Michelle C. Duarte, Margarida Dubois, Marie-Pierre Francoso, E. Galmes, M. A. Gopal, Keshni Jarne, Philippe Kalbe, Martin Karczmarski, Leszek Kim, Hun Martella, Monica B. Mcbride, Richard S. Negri, Valeria Negro, J. J. Newell, Annakay D. Piedade, Ana F. Puchulutegui, Cecilia Raggi, Lorenzo Samonte, Irene E. Sarasola, J. H. See, D. R. Seyoum, Seifu Silva, Monica C. Solaro, C. Tolley, Krystal A. Tringali, Michael D. Vasemagi, A. Xu, L. S. Zanon-Martinez, J. I. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2012-31 March 2012 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 171 microsatellite marker loci and 27 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Bombus pauloensis, Cephalorhynchus heavisidii, Cercospora sojina, Harpyhaliaetus coronatus, Hordeum vulgare, Lachnolaimus maximus, Oceanodroma monteiroi, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Rhea americana, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta, Schistocephalus solidus, Sousa plumbea and Tursiops aduncus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aquila heliaca, Bulweria bulwerii, Buteo buteo, Buteo swainsoni, Falco rusticolus, Haliaeetus albicilla, Halobaena caerulea, Hieraaetus fasciatus, Oceanodroma castro, Puccinia graminis f. sp. Tritici, Puccinia triticina, Rhea pennata and Schistocephalus pungitii. This article also documents the addition of 27 sequencing primer pairs for Puffinus baroli and Bulweria bulwerii and cross-testing of these loci in Oceanodroma castro, Pelagodroma marina, Pelecanoides georgicus, Pelecanoides urinatrix, Thalassarche chrysostoma and Thalassarche melanophrys. C1 [Andris, Malvina] Mol Ecol Resources Editorial Off, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Andris, Malvina; Bried, Joel] Univ Acores, Ctr IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Acores, Portugal. [Arias, M. C.; Francoso, E.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Genet & Biol Evolut, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Barthel, Brandon L.; Collins, Angela B.; Davis, Michelle C.; Puchulutegui, Cecilia; Seyoum, Seifu; Tringali, Michael D.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Bluhm, Burton H.; Kim, Hun; Newell, Annakay D.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Canal, D.; Negro, J. J.] Estn Biol Donana CSIC, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Seville 41092, Spain. [Chen, X. M.; Cheng, P.; Xu, L. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.; See, D. R.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chiappero, Marina B.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Chiappero, Marina B.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Catedra Genet Poblac & Evoluc, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Coelho, Manuela M.; Duarte, Margarida; Piedade, Ana F.; Silva, Monica C.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Biol Ambiental, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Dash, M.; Vasemagi, A.] Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Div Genet & Physiol, Turku 20014, Finland. [Dubois, Marie-Pierre; Jarne, Philippe] CNRS, UMR 5175, CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Galmes, M. A.; Sarasola, J. H.; Solaro, C.; Zanon-Martinez, J. I.] Univ Nacl Pampa, CECARA, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Galmes, M. A.; Sarasola, J. H.] Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Gopal, Keshni] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Gopal, Keshni; Tolley, Krystal A.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, ZA-7735 Cape Town, South Africa. [Kalbe, Martin; Samonte, Irene E.] Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Biol, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, D-24306 Plon, Germany. [Karczmarski, Leszek] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Martella, Monica B.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Martella, Monica B.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Exactas Fis & Nat, Ctr Zool Aplicada, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Mcbride, Richard S.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Negri, Valeria; Raggi, Lorenzo] Univ Perugia, Dept Appl Biol, I-06121 Perugia, Italy. [Sarasola, J. H.; Solaro, C.; Zanon-Martinez, J. I.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, INCITAP, RA-6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. [Vasemagi, A.] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Aquaculture, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. RP Andris, M (reprint author), Mol Ecol Resources Editorial Off, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RI Coelho, Maria/B-8672-2009; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Silva, Monica/D-3300-2012; Tolley, Krystal/D-9738-2011; Canal, David/E-4401-2013; negri, valeria/G-5598-2013; Raggi, Lorenzo/G-5645-2013; Negro, Juan/I-2653-2015 OI Arias, Maria/0000-0003-1477-101X; Coelho, Maria/0000-0003-3288-1693; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Negri, Valeria/0000-0003-2941-121X; Silva, Monica/0000-0003-2404-3964; Canal, David/0000-0003-2875-2987; Raggi, Lorenzo/0000-0003-0484-8669; Negro, Juan/0000-0002-8697-5647 NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 12 IS 4 BP 779 EP 781 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03155.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 956DO UT WOS:000305070300022 ER PT J AU Lee, SS AF Lee, Seoung Soo TI Dependence of the effect of aerosols on cirrus clouds on background vertical velocity SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cirrus clouds; Aerosol; Ice-water path ID ICE-NUCLEATION; MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATION; NUCLEI; MODEL; RAMS; SENSITIVITY; DEPOSITION; PARTICLES; SCHEME AB Cirrus clouds cover approximately 20-25% of the globe and thus play an important role in the Earth's radiation budget. This important role in the radiation budget played by cirrus clouds indicates that aerosol effects on cirrus clouds can have a substantial impact on the variation of global radiative forcing if the ice-water path (IWP) changes. This study examines the aerosol indirect effect (ALE) through changes in the IWP for cirrus cloud cases. This study also examines the dependence of aerosol-cloud interactions in cirrus clouds on the large-scale vertical motion. We use a cloud-system resolving model (CSRM) coupled with a double-moment representation of cloud microphysics. Intensified interactions among the cloud ice number concentration (CINC), deposition and dynamics play a critical role in the IWP increases due to aerosol increases from the preindustrial (PI) level to the present-day (PD) level with a low large-scale vertical velocity. Increased aerosols lead to an increased CINC, providing an increased surface area for water vapor deposition. The increased surface area leads to increased deposition despite decreased supersaturation with increasing aerosols. The increased deposition causes an increased depositional heating which produces stronger updrafts, and these stronger updrafts lead to the increased IWP. However, with a high large-scale vertical velocity, the effect of increased CINC on deposition was not able to offset the effect of decreasing supersaturation with increasing aerosols. The effect of decreasing supersaturation on deposition dominant over that of increasing CINC leads to smaller deposition and IWP at high aerosol with the PD aerosol than at low aerosol with the PI aerosol. The conversion of ice crystals to aggregates through autoconversion and accretion plays a negligible role in the IWP responses to aerosols, as does the sedimentation of aggregates. The sedimentation of ice crystals plays a more important role in the IWP response to aerosol increases than the sedimentation of aggregates, but, not more important than the interactions among the CINC, supersaturation, deposition and dynamics. These interactions not only determine the effect of aerosols on IWP but also control how this effect varies with varying large-scale vertical velocities. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL R, CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Seoung.Soo.Lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 111 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.003 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950HC UT WOS:000304639200006 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Powell, AM AF Xu, Jianjun Powell, Alfred M., Jr. TI Dynamical downscaling precipitation over Southwest Asia: Impacts of radiance data assimilation on the forecasts of the WRF-ARW model SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Southwest Asia; Precipitation; Data assimilation ID OBSERVING-SYSTEM EXPERIMENTS; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SATELLITE; VERIFICATION; AREAS AB Based on the dynamical downscaling with the Advanced Research Weather (WRF-ARW) mesoscale model, the accuracy of the precipitation forecasts in Southwest Asia has been assessed. Results show that the accuracy of the 24-h and 48-h forecasts for precipitation is closely related to the complex topography of the mountain areas. To understand the impacts of the initial condition uncertainties on accuracy of the dynamical downscaling, a series of data assimilation experiments has been performed. The Advanced Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) radiance observations and a data assimilation system named the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI), developed by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), were used in this study. The results show that the satellite data provides beneficial information for improving the initial conditions for the dynamical model system and the "forecast" errors are reduced for most locations within the 24-h hindcasts. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xu, Jianjun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS); Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), and the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 111 BP 90 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.005 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950HC UT WOS:000304639200007 ER PT J AU Hobson, AGK Lakshmanan, V Smith, TM Richman, M AF Hobson, Angelyn G. Kolodziej Lakshmanan, Valliappa Smith, Travis M. Richman, Michael TI An automated technique to categorize storm type from radar and near-storm environment data SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Classification; Storm classification; Radar; Environmental; RUC; Quinlan decision trees; K-means clustering; Storm types ID CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; SYSTEMS; IMAGERY AB An automated approach to storm classification that relies on identifying storms from observed radar data and classifying them based on their shape, radar, and near-storm environmental parameters is described in this paper. Storms are identified and clustered within CONUS radar and environmental data using a combined watershed segmentation and k-means clustering technique. Storms were manually classified into short-lived convective cells, supercells, ordinary cells, or convective cells at two scales, using data from selected severe weather events between May 2008 and July 2009. Objects of composite reflectivity were identified and tracked using a clustering technique at two spatial scales, and attributes for every storm cluster were extracted based on radar and near-storm environment data from model analysis fields. Quinlan decision trees were trained on these individual attributes and implemented to nowcast storm types for both scales. It is shown in this paper that storms can be automatically identified and classified using a decision tree, and that these automatic classifications have different climatological properties, which are potentially useful for short-term forecasting. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved. C1 [Hobson, Angelyn G. Kolodziej; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Smith, Travis M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hobson, Angelyn G. Kolodziej; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Smith, Travis M.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Richman, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Hobson, AGK (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM angelyn@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; U.S. Department of Commerce, under NOAA-OU [435 NA17RJ1227]; NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, U.S. Department of Commerce, under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement 435 NA17RJ1227 and NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 111 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.004 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950HC UT WOS:000304639200008 ER PT J AU Zhang, LW Petersen, EJ Zhang, W Chen, YS Cabrera, M Huang, QG AF Zhang, Liwen Petersen, Elijah J. Zhang, Wen Chen, Yongsheng Cabrera, Miguel Huang, Qingguo TI Interactions of C-14-labeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes with soil minerals in water SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Carbon nanoparticle; Stability; Clays; Extended DLVO ID POLYETHYLENEIMINE-MEDIATED FUNCTIONALIZATION; DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; COLLOIDAL STABILITY; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; SUSPENSIONS; SORPTION; BIOACCUMULATION; DEPURATION; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS AB Carbon nanotubes are often modified to be stable in the aqueous phase by adding extensive hydrophilic surface functional groups. The stability of such CNTs in water with soil or sediment is one critical factor controlling their environmental fate. We conducted a series of experiments to quantitatively assess the association between water dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and three soil minerals (kaolinite, smectite, or shale) in aqueous solution under different sodium concentrations. C-14-labeling was used in these experiments to unambiguously quantify MWCNTs. The results showed that increasing ionic strength strongly promoted the removal of MWCNTs from aqueous phase. The removal tendency is inversely correlated with the soil minerals' surface potential and directly correlated with their hydrophobicity. This removal can be interpreted by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (EDLVO) theory especially for kaolinite and smectite. Shale, which contains large and insoluble organic materials, sorbed MWCNTs the most strongly. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Liwen; Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Wen; Chen, Yongsheng] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cabrera, Miguel] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Huang, QG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM qhuang@uga.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Chen, Yongsheng/B-1541-2010 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [R834094] FX This study was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) STAR Grant R834094. We thank Dr. Zhengwei Pan and Mr. Yen-jun Chuang for their assistance with SEM-EDX analysis, and Dr. Sayed Hassan for his help with surface area and metal ion concentration measurements. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this article in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 166 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.008 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948ON UT WOS:000304512600010 PM 22481179 ER PT J AU Day, RD Roseneau, DG Vander Pol, SS Hobson, KA Donard, OFX Pugh, RS Moors, AJ Becker, PR AF Day, Rusty D. Roseneau, David G. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Hobson, Keith A. Donard, Olivier F. X. Pugh, Rebecca S. Moors, Amanda J. Becker, Paul R. TI Regional, temporal, and species patterns of mercury in Alaskan seabird eggs: Mercury sources and cycling or food web effects? SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Carbon; Nitrogen; Seabird egg; Trophic level ID BERING SEA; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; STABLE-ISOTOPES; MARINE; CARBON; METHYLMERCURY; CIRCULATION; SHELLFISH; NITROGEN AB Mercury concentration ([Hg]), delta N-15, and delta C-13 values were measured in eggs from common murres (Uria aalge), thick-billed murres (U. lomvia), glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), and glaucous-winged gulls (L glaucescens) collected in Alaska from 1999 to 2005. [Hg] was normalized to a common trophic level using egg delta N-15 values and published Hg trophic magnification factors. Egg [Hg] was higher in murres from Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet, and Norton Sound regions compared to Bering Sea and Bering Strait regions, independent of trophic level. We believe the Yukon River outflow and terrestrial Hg sources on the southern Seward Peninsula are responsible for the elevated [Hg] in Norton Sound eggs. Normalizing for trophic level generally diminished or eliminated differences in [Hg] among taxa, but temporal variability was unrelated to trophic level. Normalizing murre egg [Hg] by trophic level improves the confidence in regional comparisons of Hg sources and biogeochemical cycling in Alaska. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Moors, Amanda J.; Becker, Paul R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Day, Rusty D.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, Equipe Chim Analyt Biolnorgan & Environm, CNRS UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau, France. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [0534-321]; NIST; AMNWR FX Adrian Gall, Larua Greffenius, Susan Hatch, Arthur Kettle, Dean Kildaw, Earl Kingik, Jackson Mokiyuk, Alexis Paul, Leslie Slater, Julie Snorek, and the residents of Little Diomede Island for collecting eggs. Lesley Chappel, Kristin Simac, Lauren Rust, and Michael Ellisor for processing and homogenizing eggs. Blanca Mora Alvarez for preparing subsamples for the stable isotope work and Myles Stocki for analyzing eggs for delta13C and delta15N. The North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Publication No. 0534-321), NIST, and AMNWR provided funding and support for this study. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 166 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 948ON UT WOS:000304512600029 PM 22522226 ER PT J AU Xie, L Rediske, RR Hong, Y O'Keefe, J Gillett, ND Dyble, J Steinman, AD AF Xie, L. Rediske, R. R. Hong, Y. O'Keefe, J. Gillett, N. D. Dyble, J. Steinman, A. D. TI The role of environmental parameters in the structure of phytoplankton assemblages and cyanobacteria toxins in two hypereutrophic lakes SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Limnothrix; Planktothrix; Microcystins; Environmental parameters; Cylindrospermopsis ID LIMITED MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; RIVER-MOUTH LAKE; CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII; MONA LAKE; PLANKTOTHRIX-AGARDHII; GERMAN LAKES; SPRING LAKE; FLOS-AQUAE; MICHIGAN; NITROGEN AB We evaluated the variability of cyanotoxins, water chemistry, and cyanobacteria communities in two hypereutrophic drowned river mouth lakes (Spring Lake and Mona Lake; summer 2006) in west Michigan, USA. Even with considerable geographical and watershed similarity, local variations in nutrient concentrations and environmental factors were found to influence the differences observed in cyanobacteria assemblages and cyanotoxins levels between the two lakes. Limnothrix sp. dominated the phytoplankton community in Spring Lake (82% of biovolume) and was negatively correlated with total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. Although Spring Lake was treated with alum during the previous year, Limnothrix sp. was able to bloom in the lower P environment. In contrast, the N-2-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena flos-aquae, dominated the phytoplankton in Mona Lake (64% of biovolume). N-2-fixing cyanobacteria dominance in Mona Lake was correlated with higher TP lower dissolved nitrogen levels. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was found in both systems; however, the toxin-producing polyketide synthetase gene was not present in either population. The higher TP in Mona Lake appeared to account for the 3-fold increase in cyanobacteria biovolume. Restoration plans for both lakes should include assessments of internal loading and continued phytoplankton monitoring to track the temporal distribution of cyanobacteria species and cyanotoxin concentrations. C1 [Xie, L.; Rediske, R. R.; Hong, Y.; O'Keefe, J.; Gillett, N. D.; Steinman, A. D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Dyble, J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Rediske, RR (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM redisker@gvsu.edu OI Steinman, Alan/0000-0002-4886-4305 FU Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Bureau; Annis Water Resources Institute FX This project was made possible with funding from the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Bureau. We appreciate the support from the MDEQ Water Bureau and project manager, Sarah LeSage, to conduct this research project. The authors would like to thank Janel Hagar, Gail Smythe, Brian Scull, Kate Rieger, Brent Kasza, and Catharina Kramer for their assistance with the field and laboratory work and Tonya Cnossen for administrative support. We also thank the Annis Water Resources Institute for providing matching funds to support this project. We are especially grateful for the technical assistance provide by Gary Fahnenstiel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. We also would like to thank the Associate Editor, David Hamilton, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and recommendations to improve the manuscript. NR 83 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JUL PY 2012 VL 691 IS 1 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s10750-012-1077-1 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 949GQ UT WOS:000304565100022 ER PT J AU Erk, KA Martin, JD Schwalbe, JT Phelan, FR Hudson, SD AF Erk, Kendra A. Martin, Jeffrey D. Schwalbe, Jonathan T. Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Hudson, Steven D. TI Shear and dilational interfacial rheology of surfactant-stabilized droplets SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Interfacial rheology; Rheology; Complex fluids; Emulsions; Droplets; Surfactant; Marangoni effects; Microfluidics; Particle tracking ID FLUID PARTICLE INTERFACES; ADSORPTION; TENSIOMETRY; COALESCENCE; DIFFUSION; LAYERS; FLOW AB A new measurement method is suggested that is capable of probing the shear and dilational interfacial rheological responses of small droplets, those of size comparable to real emulsion applications. Freely suspended aqueous droplets containing surfactant and non-surface-active tracer particles are transported through a rectangular microchannel by the plane Poiseuille flow of the continuous oil phase. Optical microscopy and high-speed imaging record the shape and internal circulation dynamics of the droplets. Measured circulation velocities are coupled with theoretical descriptions of the droplet dynamics in order to determine the viscous (Boussinesq) and elastic (Marangoni) interfacial effects. A new Marangoni-induced stagnation point is identified theoretically and observed experimentally. Particle velocimetry at only two points (including gradients) in the droplet is sufficient to determine the amplitudes of the dilational and shear responses. We investigate the sensitivity for measuring interfacial properties and compare results from droplets stabilized by a small-molecule surfactant (butanol) and those stabilized by relatively large block copolymer molecules. Future increased availability of shear and dilational interfacial theological properties is anticipated to lead to improved rules of thumb for emulsion preparation, stabilization, and general practice. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Erk, Kendra A.; Martin, Jeffrey D.; Schwalbe, Jonathan T.; Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hudson, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.hudson@nist.gov RI Erk, Kendra/B-1711-2012 FU National Research Council FX Financial support for K.A.E., J.D.M. and J.T.S. was provided by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 73 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 377 BP 442 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.078 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 947LV UT WOS:000304432400060 PM 22520210 ER PT J AU Guha, S Wayment, JR Li, MD Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Guha, Suvajyoti Wayment, Joshua R. Li, Mingdong Tarlov, Michael J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Protein adsorption-desorption on electrospray capillary walls - No influence on aggregate distribution SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electrospray; Differentialmobility analysis; Immunoglobulin; Adsorption; Capillary; Passivation; Aggregates ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; SILVER BROMIDE; GELATIN; SURFACES; SILICA; IGG AB Adsorbed proteins on walls of glass capillaries used for electrospray (ES) can desorb and potentially affect size distributions and, thus, quantification of aggregates of proteins. In this study we use differential mobility analysis (DMA) to investigate the size distribution of various proteins eluting from bare and passivated glass capillaries. We found no significant differences in aggregate distributions from unpassivated capillaries at 'steady state' when compared to aggregate distributions from passivated capillaries implying that desorbing proteins do not influence protein aggregate distribution. Surface passivation with gelatin was found to be considerably more effective in limiting adsorption of two antibodies (Rituxan and polyclonal human IgG) compared to passivation with BSA. Gelatin passivation was also found to be stable for a few days and from a pH range of 4.8-9.0. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Wayment, Joshua R.; Li, Mingdong; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 2125 Glenn L Martin Hall,Bldg 088, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014; OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 377 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.059 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 947LV UT WOS:000304432400065 PM 22520710 ER PT J AU Kessel, R Kacker, RN Sommer, KD AF Kessel, Ruediger Kacker, Raghu N. Sommer, Klaus-Dieter TI Uncertainty budgeting for range calibration SO MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Uncertainty evaluation; Calibration; Instrument response function; Non-linear calibration ID SYSTEMATIC-APPROACH AB The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) established a general procedure to evaluate measurement uncertainty. The Guide covers only the evaluation of a single result or a set of individual results. Modern measuring instruments and procedures operate over a wide range of values. Therefore in practice a calibration procedure is needed that is valid for this range. The procedure should include an evaluation of uncertainty associated with the calibration results and for the subsequent measurements performed with the calibrated instrument. Traditionally regression analysis is used for this purpose. In this paper we will discuss some weaknesses of the regression approach and suggest an alternative. We show that for instruments with a linear response function the regression can be replaced by 2-point calibration. We introduce a limit of the deviation from linearity to address observed deviations from a linear response function of the instrument. To improve an existing instrument with a non-linear response function a combination of the instrument and a correction function can be treated as a virtual linear measuring device and a 2-point calibration can be applied. As an example we use the calibration of a pressure sensor to illustrate the procedure. The approach can be used for instruments and measurement procedures with a linear or non-linear response function. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kessel, Ruediger; Sommer, Klaus-Dieter] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kessel, R (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM ruediger.kessel@ptb.de NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-2241 J9 MEASUREMENT JI Measurement PD JUL PY 2012 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1669 DI 10.1016/j.measurement.2011.12.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 950II UT WOS:000304642400035 ER PT J AU Griffies, SM Greatbatch, RJ AF Griffies, Stephen M. Greatbatch, Richard J. TI Physical processes that impact the evolution of global mean sea level in ocean climate models SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Global mean sea level; Non-Boussinesq steric effect; Physical ocean processes; Ocean climate models; Budget for global mean sea level ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TRACER TRANSPORTS; NEUTRAL SURFACES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; INTERNAL WAVES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EDDY FLUXES; PART II; PARAMETERIZATION AB This paper develops an analysis framework to identify how physical processes, as represented in ocean climate models, impact the evolution of global mean sea level. The formulation utilizes the coarse grained equations appropriate for an ocean model, and starts from the vertically integrated mass conservation equation in its Lagrangian form. Global integration of this kinematic equation results in an evolution equation for global mean sea level that depends on two physical processes: boundary fluxes of mass and the non-Boussinesq steric effect. The non-Boussinesq steric effect itself contains contributions from boundary fluxes of buoyancy; interior buoyancy changes associated with parameterized subgrid scale processes; and motion across pressure surfaces. The non-Boussinesq steric effect can be diagnosed in either volume conserving Boussinesq or mass conserving non-Boussinesq ocean circulation models, with differences found to be negligible. We find that surface heating is the dominant term affecting sea level arising from buoyancy fluxes, contributing to a net positive tendency to global mean sea level, largely due to low latitude heating and because the thermal expansion coefficient is much larger in the tropics than high latitudes. Subgrid scale effects from parameterized quasi-Stokes transport, vertical diffusion, cabbeling, and thermobaricity are also found to be significant, each resulting in a reduction of global mean sea level. Sea level rise through low latitude heating is largely compensated by a sea level drop from poleward eddy heat transport and ocean mixing. Spatial variations in the thermal expansion coefficient provide an essential modulation of how physical effects from mixing and eddy induced advective transport impact global mean sea level. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Greatbatch, Richard J.] Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. RP Griffies, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM Stephen.Griffies@noaa.gov; rgreatbatch@geomar.de FU GEOMAR FX Many thanks go to Alistair Adcroft, Michael Bates, Gary Brassington, John Church, Stephanie Downes, Jonathan Gregory, Bob Hallberg, Andy Hogg, Tim Leslie, Trevor McDougall, Jaime Palter, Ron Stouffer, Mike Winton, and Jianjun Yin for discussions and comments that added much to the content and quality of this paper. Bonnie Samuels helped tremendously with the simulations. Anne Marie Treguier graciously edited the many revisions of this manuscript, with her patient insistance on quality much appreciated. Anonymous reviewers also provided valuable, and candidly critical, comments. We thank Daniele Bianchi for providing the geothermal heat flux used for the global ocean-ice model detailed in Appendix B. Some of the material in Sections 5-7 was completed during a visit by SMG in March 2009 to Universite catholique de Louvain in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, with that visit graciously hosted by Professor Eric Deleersnijder. Further work occurred during a visit in January-June 2011 by SMG to CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research in Hobart, Australia, with that visit graciously hosted by Drs. John Church, Simon Marsland, and Trevor McDougall. RJG is grateful for support from GEOMAR. NR 105 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 51 BP 37 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.04.003 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 949YD UT WOS:000304613300003 ER PT J AU Politis, PJ DeAlteris, JT Brown, RW Morrison, AT AF Politis, Philip J. DeAlteris, Joseph T. Brown, Russell W. Morrison, Archie T., III TI Effects of sea-state on the physical performance of a survey bottom trawl SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Research survey; Sea-state; Trawl-mouth geometry; Vessel motion; Bottom-contact ID COD AB The effects of sea-state induced vessel motion on the physical performance of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center Yankee 36 survey bottom trawl, rigged with a roller footrope, were investigated. The trawl was instrumented with an acoustic net mensuration system to measure horizontal spread, a head rope mounted acoustic current meter to measure flow at the trawl-mouth, and five sled-mounted inclinometer sensors attached to the wings, quarters and center of the footrope to measure bottom-contact. A vessel motion sensor fixed at the center of the vessel measured roll and pitch. Trawl performance was observed over wave heights of 1-4 m. Vessel motion caused by waves at the sea-surface had a strong effect on trawl motion on the seabed. Vessel heading in relation to wave direction is an influential factor dictating the specific vessel motions occurring in a given sea-state. Of the measured components of vessel motion, pitch had the greatest affect on trawl performance. The speed of vertical stern motion, derived from pitch angles, rather than the magnitude of vertical stern displacement, was the most influential factor controlling variations observed in the footrope bottom-contact data and forward trawl velocity component measured by the current meter. Vertical stern motion speeds of 48 cm/s and greater caused the survey trawl to surge forward and exacerbated the loss of footrope bottom-contact. Since sea-surface conditions had a strong influence on net behavior, it may alter the catch efficiency of a survey trawl, we recommend fish behavior in response to trawl motion be investigated further. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Politis, Philip J.; Brown, Russell W.; Morrison, Archie T., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [DeAlteris, Joseph T.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Politis, PJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Center, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM philip.politis@noaa.gov; russell.brown@noaa.gov; atmorrison@nobska.net FU Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program (CMER); National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center; NEFSC; University of Rhode Island FX This research was funded by the Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program (CMER) and the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center. The authors would like to thank staff from the NEFSC and the University of Rhode Island for all of their support efforts throughout this research. We are grateful to the crew of the NOAA Ship Delaware II for all of their hard work and perseverance during some adverse weather conditions and the authors apologize for any dishes that may have been sacrificed for science while towing in the trough. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 123 SI SI BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.017 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944RZ UT WOS:000304222800006 ER PT J AU Dimitrakakis, C Karygiannis, T Mitrokotsa, A AF Dimitrakakis, Christos Karygiannis, Tom Mitrokotsa, Aikaterini TI Guest Editors' Introduction: Special Section on Learning, Games and Security SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dimitrakakis, Christos] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, LIA, Stn 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Karygiannis, Tom] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mitrokotsa, Aikaterini] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, LASEC, Stn 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Dimitrakakis, C (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, LIA, Stn 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM christos.dimitrakakis@epfl.ch; karygiannis@nist.gov; katerina.mitrokotsa@epfl.ch RI Dimitrakakis, Christos/F-6404-2011; OI Dimitrakakis, Christos/0000-0002-5367-5189 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1545-5971 J9 IEEE T DEPEND SECURE JI IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 2012 VL 9 IS 4 BP 449 EP 450 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 943TK UT WOS:000304147900001 ER PT J AU Wu, XP Ray, J van Dam, T AF Wu, Xiaoping Ray, Jim van Dam, Tonie TI Geocenter motion and its geodetic and geophysical implications SO JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS LA English DT Review DE Geocenter motion; Satellite geodesy; Reference frame; Surface mass variation; Glacial isostatic adjustment ID TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME; SURFACE MASS REDISTRIBUTION; SEA-LEVEL RISE; LOADING DATA; GPS DATA; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SOLID EARTH; GRACE; DEFORMATION AB The horizontal transport of water in Earth's surface layer, including sea level change, deglaciation, and surface runoff, is a manifestation of many geophysical processes. These processes entail ocean and atmosphere circulation and tidal attraction, global climate change, and the hydrological cycle, all having a broad range of spatiotemporal scales. The largest atmospheric mass variations occur mostly at synoptic wavelengths and at seasonal time scales. The longest wavelength component of surface mass transport, the spherical harmonic degree-1, involves the exchange of mass between the northern and southern hemispheres. These degree-1 mass loads deform the solid Earth, including its surface, and induce geocenter motion between the center-of-mass of the total Earth system (CM) and the center-of-figure (CF) of the solid Earth surface. Because geocenter motion also depends on the mechanical properties of the solid Earth, monitoring geocenter motion thus provides an additional opportunity to probe deep into Earth's interior. Most modern geodetic measurement systems rely on tracking data between ground stations and satellites that orbit around CM. Consequently, geocenter motion is intimately related to the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) origin, and, in various ways, affects many of our measurement objectives for global change monitoring. In the last 15 years, there have been vast improvements in geophysical fluid modeling and in the global coverage, densification, and accuracy of geodetic observations. As a result of these developments, tremendous progress has been made in the study of geocenter motion over the same period. This paper reviews both the theoretical and measurement aspects of geocenter motion and its implications. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Xiaoping] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ray, Jim] NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [van Dam, Tonie] Univ Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Wu, XP (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM xp_wu@yahoo.com FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and funded through NASA's International Polar Year and GRACE Science Team programs. We thank Minkang Cheng, Xavier Collilieux, Volker Klemann, John Ries, Paul Tregoning, and Roelof Rietbroek for providing materials from their publications or research. XW thanks Edward Sewall of JPL for editorial help. Constructive suggestions and comments from reviewers and editors are very helpful. NR 104 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0264-3707 J9 J GEODYN JI J. Geodyn. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 58 BP 44 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jog.2012.01.007 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 944TS UT WOS:000304227300004 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Hannig, J Iyer, HK AF Wang, C. M. Hannig, Jan Iyer, Hari K. TI Fiducial prediction intervals SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Fiducial inference; Gamma distribution; Statistical intervals ID M FUTURE OBSERVATIONS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; TOLERANCE INTERVALS; WEIBULL PREDICTION; LEAST P; POPULATION; FAILURES; NUMBER AB This paper presents an approach for constructing prediction intervals for any given distribution. The approach is based on the principle of fiducial inference. We use several examples, including the normal, binomial, exponential, gamma, and Weibull distributions, to illustrate the proposed procedure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hannig, Jan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [0707037, 1007543] FX Hannig and Iyer's research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0707037 and 1007543. This work is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 142 IS 7 BP 1980 EP 1990 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2012.02.021 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 942UE UT WOS:000304074500031 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Confidence intervals for treatment effect from restricted maximum likelihood SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE Fisher information; Heteroscedasticity; Interlaboratory study; Meta-analysis; Random effects model ID LINEAR-MODELS; VARIANCE; METAANALYSIS AB An explicit form of confidence intervals for the treatment effect in random effects meta-analysis model obtained from Harville-Jeske-Kenward-Roger approach is given. These restricted likelihood based intervals are compared to alternative procedures commonly used in collaborative studies when the number of participants is small and study-specific variances are heterogeneous. Monte Carlo simulation experiments show that the former intervals have quite conservative coverage probabilities and favor the latter intervals. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 142 IS 7 BP 1999 EP 2008 DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2012.02.032 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 942UE UT WOS:000304074500033 ER PT J AU Maruf, SH Ahn, DU Pellegrino, J Killgore, JP Greenberg, AR Ding, YF AF Maruf, Sajjad H. Ahn, Dae U. Pellegrino, John Killgore, Jason P. Greenberg, Alan R. Ding, Yifu TI Correlation between barrier layer T-g and a thin-film composite polyamide membrane's performance: Effect of chlorine treatment SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chlorine degradation; Glass transition temperature; Polyamide barrier layer; Thin film composite membrane ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANE; DROP MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; HYPOCHLORITE DEGRADATION; RO MEMBRANES; OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; SALT TRANSPORT; WATER AB In this study we report changes in the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the polyamide barrier layer (PBL) of a commercial RO membrane as a function of chlorine treatment in which concentration and pH were systematically varied. The results indicate a monotonic decrease of T-g with increasing exposure time at a given chlorine concentration. Further, both the degree and the rate of T-g decrease vary significantly with both the chlorine concentration and pH value of the aqueous chlorine solution. Moreover, the decrease in PBL T-g correlates well with the reduction in the salt rejection of the membrane, but the magnitude of the correlation is specific to chlorine concentration and pH values. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maruf, Sajjad H.; Ahn, Dae U.; Pellegrino, John; Greenberg, Alan R.; Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Membrane Sci Engn & Technol Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Killgore, Jason P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ding, YF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Membrane Sci Engn & Technol Ctr, 427 UCB,1111 Eng Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Yifu.Ding@Colorado.Edu OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology (MAST) at the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-B) via NSF [IIP 1034720] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology (MAST) (formerly Membrane Applied Science and Technology) at the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU-B) for their support of this research via NSF Award IIP 1034720. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 EI 1873-3123 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 405 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 925SQ UT WOS:000302782000019 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Sea ice properties in the Bohai Sea measured by MODIS-Aqua: 1. Satellite algorithm development SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; Remote sensing; The Bohai Sea ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; OCEAN COLOR; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECTRAL ALBEDO; SEAWIFS; SNOW; REFLECTANCE; MODEL AB Based on the fact that sea ice reflectance drops significantly in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths, black pixel assumption is assessed for three SWIR bands for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-at 1240, 1640, and 2130 nm-over the sea ice in the Bohai Sea in order to carry out atmospheric correction for deriving sea ice reflectance spectra. For the SWIR 1240 nm band, there is usually a small (but non-negligible) reflectance contribution over sea ice. Although there is a slight sea ice reflectance contribution at the MODIS 1640 nm band over sporadic land-fast or hummock ice, the black pixel assumption is generally valid with the MODIS bands 1640 and 2130 nm in the Bohai Sea. Thus, the SWIR-based atmospheric correction algorithm using MODIS bands at 1640 and 2130 nm can be conducted to derive sea ice optical properties in the region. Based on spectral features of the sea ice reflectance, a regionally optimized ice-detection algorithm is proposed. This regional algorithm shows considerable improvements in detecting sea ice over the Bohai Sea region, compared with a previous MODIS global sea ice detection algorithm. The sea ice coverage as identified in the new algorithm matches very well with the sea ice coverage from both the MODIS true color image and the imagery from the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper is those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 70 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.01.012 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915RG UT WOS:000302044500004 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Sea ice properties in the Bohai Sea measured by MODIS-Aqua: 2. Study of sea ice seasonal and interannual variability SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Sea ice; The Bohai Sea ID ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; VARIANCE; CLIMATE; OCEANS; EXTENT; WINTER; CHINA; ASIA AB During the 2009-2010 winter, the Bohai Sea experienced its most severe sea ice event in four decades, which caused significant economic losses, affected marine transportation and fishery, and impacted the entire marine ecosystem in the region. Measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite from 2002 to 2010 and surface atmosphere temperature (SAT) data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are used to study and quantify the extreme sea ice event in the 2009-2010 winter and the interannual variability of the regional sea ice properties, as well as the relationship between sea ice and the climate variability in the Bohai Sea. The mean sea ice reflectance from MODIS-Aqua visible and near-infrared wavelengths are 933%, 13.26%, and 12.60% in the months of December 2009, January 2010, and February 2010, respectively, compared with the monthly average sea ice reflectance values (from 2002 to 2010) of 9.35%, 11.21%, and 11.41% in the same three winter months. The sea ice monthly average coverages are similar to 5427, similar to 27,414, and similar to 21,156 km(2) in these three winter months. These values are significantly higher than the averages of monthly sea ice coverage of similar to 2735, similar to 11,119, and similar to 10,287 km(2) in the Bohai Sea in December, January, and February between 2002 and 2010. Most of the sea ice coverage was located in the northern Bohai Sea. Both the intra-seasonal and interannual sea ice variability in the Bohai Sea is found to be related closely to SAT. The mechanism of anomalous SAT and intense sea ice severity are also discussed and attributed to large-scale climate changes due to the variability of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Siberian High (SH). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The MODIS L1B data and SSHA data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website. NCEP air temperature data are acquired from the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado (www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper is those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 95 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.01.010 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915RG UT WOS:000302044500005 ER PT J AU Asaro, MJ AF Asaro, Michael J. TI Geospatial analysis of management areas implemented for protection of the North Atlantic right whale along the northern Atlantic coast of the United States SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic right whale; Ship strike prevention; GIS spatial analysis; Ship speed restrictions; Marine policy ID PROBABILITY AB The North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) is a critically endangered large whale species found in waters off the U.S. and Canadian Atlantic coasts. The primary human-caused threats are entanglement in fishing gear and collisions with vessels. Since 2002, NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service has implemented both seasonally and dynamically managed protective zones where right whales occur to reduce these threats; Seasonal Area Management (SAM) and Dynamic Area Management (DAM) for the reduction of right whale entanglements with fishing gear, and Seasonal Management Areas (SMA) and Dynamic Management Areas (DMA) for reduction of vessel collisions. This paper analyzes the presence of frequent concentrations of right whales outside of SAM and SMA zones, represented by the spatial and temporal occurrence of DAMs and DMAs. A grid of 1 min x 1 min squares was geospatially applied to locations of DAMs and DMAs from April 2002 through June 2011 and the number of management areas that intersected each 1 min square was populated. DAMs and DMAs were most highly concentrated along the central Gulf of Maine. Of the 131 DAMs and DMAs implemented, 97 (74.0%) intersected this area, and were primarily implemented from October through February. The results of this analysis will aid in consideration of possible modifications to the size and location of SMAs along the northern Atlantic coast of the U.S. and other management actions for the reduction of vessel collisions with right whales. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Asaro, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. EM michael.asaro@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 36 IS 4 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.01.004 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 915QO UT WOS:000302042700008 ER PT J AU Schock, TB Newton, S Brenkert, K Leffler, J Bearden, DW AF Schock, Tracey B. Newton, Sarah Brenkert, Karl Leffler, John Bearden, Daniel W. TI An NMR-based metabolomic assessment of cultured cobia health in response to dietary manipulation SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Cobia; Diet; Fishmeal; NMR; Metabolomics ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; FISH-MEAL; SOYBEAN-MEAL; FEED INGREDIENTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; REPLACEMENT; PROTEIN; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Commercial aquaculture feeds rely heavily on fishmeal and fish oil, which can be expensive and ecologically unsustainable. To evaluate the efficacy of reduced fishmeal diets for outgrowth, a dietary study was conducted on the finfish cobia, Rachycentron canadum. NMR-based metabolomic techniques were used to assess the effect of decreasing dietary fishmeal on the health of the cobia. Filtered serum H-1 NMR spectra analysed by principal components analysis (PCA) showed cobia fed reduced fishmeal diets were metabolically different than cobia on control diets. In particular, tyrosine and betaine increased in cobia fed reduced fishmeal diets while glucose decreased, suggesting that these cobia were not receiving the necessary nutritional components required for energy and growth. The formulated control diet contributed to enriched growth and significantly elevated lactate levels suggesting enhanced gut microflora metabolism in response to dietary components. The results show that NMR-based metabolomic analysis is a useful tool in aquaculture studies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schock, Tracey B.; Newton, Sarah; Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Brenkert, Karl; Leffler, John] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bearden, DW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM dan.bearden@nist.gov FU Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR FX We are grateful for the assistance of Mike Denson, Andrew Shuler, Arezue Boroujerdi, Jerry Dallas, Karen Burnett, Natasha Sharp, Joe Wade and Gloria Seaborn in cobia husbandry, sampling and dissection. We acknowledge the support of the Hollings Marine Laboratory NMR Facility. Commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This is contribution number 680 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Marine Resources Research Institute. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2012 VL 133 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.077 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 912UH UT WOS:000301826400013 ER PT J AU Harrison, M Stanwyck, E Beckingham, B Starry, O Hanlon, B Newcomer, J AF Harrison, Melanie Stanwyck, Elizabeth Beckingham, Barbara Starry, Olyssa Hanlon, Bernadette Newcomer, Justin TI Smart growth and the septic tank: Wastewater treatment and growth management in the Baltimore region SO LAND USE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Septic systems; Smart growth; Maryland; Sewer infrastructure ID PRIORITY FUNDING AREAS; GROUNDWATER; MARYLAND; SUBURBAN AB The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which residential development in the Baltimore region utilizes septic systems, specifically in the context of Maryland's Priority Funding Area (PFA) policy. Our results indicate that residential development in designated growth areas within the five counties surrounding Baltimore City has, in general, been successfully tethered to sewer infrastructure. However, since passage of Maryland's PFA law, development that utilizes septic tanks has grown significantly and, in some cases, growth has occurred inside PFAs generally when there is a lack of existing sewer services. The proliferation of septic systems is a concern because it encourages low-density sprawl-like development, and has negative environmental consequences since these systems are a non-point source for nitrogen, a major pollutant of concern in the Chesapeake Bay. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanlon, Bernadette] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Harrison, Melanie; Stanwyck, Elizabeth; Beckingham, Barbara] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Starry, Olyssa] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Newcomer, Justin] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Harrison, Melanie] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. RP Hanlon, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, 275 W Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hanlon.42@osu.edu RI Hanlon, Bernadette/B-1826-2013 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-8377 J9 LAND USE POLICY JI Land Use Pol. PD JUL PY 2012 VL 29 IS 3 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.08.007 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 898MF UT WOS:000300745800002 ER PT J AU Lee, WJ AF Lee, Wan-Jean TI CRITICAL LINKS AMONG THE SEA, LAND AND AIR: SOUTHEAST ASIA'S COASTAL SOFT-SEDIMENT COMMUNITIES SO RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soft-sediments; artisanal; shellfisheries; migratory shorebirds; wetlands ID MUD CRABS; SCYLLA-PARAMAMOSAIN; WADDEN SEA; OYSTER POPULATION; POVERTY REDUCTION; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; MUDFLAT; BAY AB Compared with coral reefs and mangroves, the soft-sedimentary habitats of Southeast Asia have received relatively little attention from conservation ecologists. This is a brief review of the importance of, and threats to, sedimentary benthic habitats of the region. Artisanal shellfisheries are highlighted due to their value to local communities and the region's economy. Furthermore, the relationship between the health of local benthic communities with that of migratory shorebirds on the East Asian Flyway is discussed to illustrate the complex scales of conservation. Lastly, the interdependence between migratory shorebirds and sustainable shellfisheries is examined as an opportunity for different stakeholders to leverage on each other's resources to form mutually beneficial partnerships for improved management. C1 [Lee, Wan-Jean] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Lee, Wan-Jean] NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lee, WJ (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, 46 Coll Rd,Spaulding Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM wanjean.lee@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, SCHOOL BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES PI SINGAPORE PA DEPT ZOOLOGY, KENT RIDGE, SINGAPORE 0511, SINGAPORE SN 0217-2445 J9 RAFFLES B ZOOL JI Raffles Bull. Zool. PD JUN 30 PY 2012 SU 25 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 000VH UT WOS:000308417500014 ER PT J AU Evan, S Alexander, MJ Dudhia, J AF Evan, S. Alexander, M. Joan Dudhia, J. TI WRF simulations of convectively generated gravity waves in opposite QBO phases SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE; MOMENTUM FLUX; MODEL; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY; SPECTRUM AB In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to assess gravity wave forcing of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) in January-February 2006 and 2007. The model domain is configured as a tropical channel with a horizontal grid-spacing of 37 km and a top at 0.1 hPa. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis Interim data provide initial and boundary conditions. In these simulations a large part of the gravity wave spectrum is explicitly simulated. The model is shown to have a realistic representation of tropical precipitation variability, mean tropical ascent, and evolution of the stratospheric zonal mean wind. The high-resolution model outputs are used to compute gravity wave forcing of the QBO. It is shown that gravity waves account for similar to 60% of the total eastward forcing during the westerly shear phase and for similar to 80% of the total westward forcing during the easterly shear phase. These estimates are in agreement with previous evaluations of gravity wave forcing of the QBO. In addition, wave forcing associated with large-horizontal-scale inertia-gravity waves is computed. In the simulations, sufficient vertical resolution in the stratosphere is required to properly resolve large-horizontal-scale inertia-gravity waves near the peak in QBO forcing. In the WRF experiments this wave type represents similar to 30% of the total gravity wave forcing. This suggests that large-horizontal-scale inertia-gravity waves can play an important role in the forcing of the QBO. C1 [Evan, S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, M. Joan] NW Res Associates, Boulder, CO USA. [Dudhia, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Evan, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, MS R-CSD 8,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephanie.evan@noaa.gov RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Evan, Stephanie/C-2213-2013 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; FU National Science Foundation's Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics and Physical and Dynamic Meteorology programs [0943506] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation's Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics and Physical and Dynamic Meteorology programs, award 0943506. The ERA-Interim data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The original data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in dataset ds627.0. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D12117 DI 10.1029/2011JD017302 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968PG UT WOS:000305995100004 ER PT J AU Sharma, S Chan, E Ishizawa, M Toom-Sauntry, D Gong, SL Li, SM Tarasick, DW Leaitch, WR Norman, A Quinn, PK Bates, TS Levasseur, M Barrie, LA Maenhaut, W AF Sharma, S. Chan, E. Ishizawa, M. Toom-Sauntry, D. Gong, S. L. Li, S. M. Tarasick, D. W. Leaitch, W. R. Norman, A. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Levasseur, M. Barrie, L. A. Maenhaut, W. TI Influence of transport and ocean ice extent on biogenic aerosol sulfur in the Arctic atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL SULFIDE; MARINE AEROSOL; METHANESULFONIC-ACID; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EDGE BLOOMS; SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON; CLIMATE AB The recent decline in sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean could affect the regional radiative forcing via changes in sea ice-atmosphere exchange of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and biogenic aerosols formed from its atmospheric oxidation, such as methanesulfonic acid (MSA). This study examines relationships between changes in total sea ice extent north of 70 degrees N and atmospheric MSA measurement at Alert, Nunavut, during 1980-2009; at Barrow, Alaska, during 1997-2008; and at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, for 1991-2004. During the 1980-1989 and 1990-1997 periods, summer (July-August) and June MSA concentrations at Alert decreased. In general, MSA concentrations increased at all locations since 2000 with respect to 1990 values, specifically during June and summer at Alert and in summer at Barrow and Ny-Alesund. Our results show variability in MSA at all sites is related to changes in the source strengths of DMS, possibly linked to changes in sea ice extent as well as to changes in atmospheric transport patterns. Since 2000, a late spring increase in atmospheric MSA at the three sites coincides with the northward migration of the marginal ice edge zone where high DMS emissions from ocean to atmosphere have previously been reported. Significant negative correlations are found between sea ice extent and MSA concentrations at the three sites during the spring and June. These results suggest that a decrease in seasonal ice cover influencing other mechanisms of DMS production could lead to higher atmospheric MSA concentrations. C1 [Sharma, S.; Chan, E.; Ishizawa, M.; Toom-Sauntry, D.; Gong, S. L.; Li, S. M.; Tarasick, D. W.; Leaitch, W. R.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Norman, A.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Levasseur, M.] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. [Barrie, L. A.] Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Maenhaut, W.] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Sharma, S (reprint author), Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM sangeeta.sharma@ec.gc.ca RI Maenhaut, Willy/M-3091-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Maenhaut, Willy/0000-0002-4715-4627; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 FU Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen FX The authors would like to thank Joe Kovalick, Armand Gaudenzi, and Dave Halpin for the technical support; Tom Agnew for very important discussions and data for sea ice concentrations for the Seibert plots; the operators at Alert and Ny-Alesund over the years for maintaining the program; the late Jan Erik Hanssen from the Norwegian Institute for Air Research for his assistance in obtaining the samples from Ny-Alesund during more than a decade; and the members of CFS Alert for site maintenance and flights to Alert. One of us (W.M.) also acknowledges the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office and the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen for financial support and Geert Ducastel, Koen Beyaert, Xuguang Chi, and Wan Wang for assistance in the chemical analysis of the samples from Ny-Alesund. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D12209 DI 10.1029/2011JD017074 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968PG UT WOS:000305995100001 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Perica, S AF Mizukami, Naoki Perica, Sanja TI Towards improved snow water equivalent retrieval algorithms for satellite passive microwave data over the mountainous basins of western USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snow water equivalant; passive microwave brightness temperature; SNOTEL; Mountain snowpack ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK; SSM/I DATA; EMISSION MODEL; UNITED-STATES; DEPTH; FOREST; UNCERTAINTY; ALASKA; SMMR; MASS AB Space-borne passive microwave snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval algorithms are attractive for continuous SWE monitoring over large mountainous areas. The performance of three SWE retrieval algorithms, which were considered relevant for operational purposes, was examined for each month over the Colorado River Basin. In addition, statistical post-processing was tested as a means of improving the SWE estimates from each algorithm. The evaluation started with the so-called Chang equation, which was a pioneer algorithm and is still used in practice. Successive attempts were then made to improve the algorithm's performance through the calibration of the equation's coefficient and through the inclusion of brightness temperature data from various frequency channels. The Chang equation consistently underestimated SWE with average bias between 30?mm in November and more than 300?mm in April and root mean square error (RMSE) exceeding 500?mm at many locations in April. The statistical post-processing effectively removed the bias and reduced the RMSE by half for all the months. When the Chang equation's coefficients were calibrated at each site, biases were reduced by approximately 85%, and RMSE was reduced by 40%50%. Finally, the multiple channel equations produced unbiased SWE estimates with RMSEs 50%60% of those from the Chang equation. However, the statistical post-processing did not reduce RMSE for both calibrated algorithms. The last algorithm produced the most reliable estimates for at-site analysis, but its skill deteriorated when analyses were performed over larger areal extents; therefore, it is only recommended for SWE monitoring over smaller areas. For larger areas, the calibrated Chang equation is desirable because it only requires interpolations of a calibrated coefficient, which was spatially coherent. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki; Perica, Sanja] Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mizukami, Naoki; Perica, Sanja] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, NOAA, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM naoki.mizukami@noaa.gov RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JUN 30 PY 2012 VL 26 IS 13 BP 1991 EP 2002 DI 10.1002/hyp.8333 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 962TU UT WOS:000305568800008 ER PT J AU Bates, TS Quinn, PK Frossard, AA Russell, LM Hakala, J Petaja, T Kulmala, M Covert, DS Cappa, CD Li, SM Hayden, KL Nuaaman, I McLaren, R Massoli, P Canagaratna, MR Onasch, TB Sueper, D Worsnop, DR Keene, WC AF Bates, T. S. Quinn, P. K. Frossard, A. A. Russell, L. M. Hakala, J. Petaja, T. Kulmala, M. Covert, D. S. Cappa, C. D. Li, S. -M. Hayden, K. L. Nuaaman, I. McLaren, R. Massoli, P. Canagaratna, M. R. Onasch, T. B. Sueper, D. Worsnop, D. R. Keene, W. C. TI Measurements of ocean derived aerosol off the coast of California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; EXPERIMENT ACE 1; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEA-SALT; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY AB Reliable characterization of particles freshly emitted from the ocean surface requires a sampling method that is able to isolate those particles and prevent them from interacting with ambient gases and particles. Here we report measurements of particles directly emitted from the ocean using a newly developed in situ particle generator (Sea Sweep). The Sea Sweep was deployed alongside R/V Atlantis off the coast of California during May of 2010. Bubbles were generated 0.75 m below the ocean surface with stainless steel frits and swept into a hood/vacuum hose to feed a suite of aerosol instrumentation on board the ship. The number size distribution of the directly emitted, nascent particles had a dominant mode at 55-60 nm (dry diameter) and secondary modes at 30-40 nm and 200-300 nm. The nascent aerosol was not volatile at 230 degrees C and was not enriched in SO4=, Ca++, K+, or Mg++ above that found in surface seawater. The organic component of the nascent aerosol (7% of the dry submicrometer mass) volatilized at a temperature between 230 and 600 degrees C. The submicrometer organic aerosol characterized by mass spectrometry was dominated by non-oxygenated hydrocarbons. The nascent aerosol at 50, 100, and 145 nm dry diameter behaved hygroscopically like an internal mixture of sea salt with a small organic component. The CCN/CN activation ratio for 60 nm Sea Sweep particles was near 1 for all supersaturations of 0.3 and higher indicating that all of the particles took up water and grew to cloud drop size. The nascent organic aerosol mass fraction did not increase in regions of higher surface seawater chlorophyll but did show a positive correlation with seawater dimethylsulfide (DMS). C1 [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Frossard, A. A.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Hakala, J.; Petaja, T.; Kulmala, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Li, S. -M.; Hayden, K. L.; Nuaaman, I.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Nuaaman, I.; McLaren, R.] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Massoli, P.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Onasch, T. B.; Sueper, D.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Keene, W. C.] Univ Virginia, Climate Change Res Ctr, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Bates, TS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tim.bates@noaa.gov RI McLaren, Robert/F-5431-2011; Petaja, Tuukka/A-8009-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Petaja, Tuukka/0000-0002-1881-9044; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence [1118615, 139656]; European Research Council via project ATMNUCLE; NSERC; National Center for Environmental Research, EPA [RD834558] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. UHEL acknowledges additional financial support from the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence (1118615, 139656) and from the European Research Council via project ATMNUCLE. York University acknowledges support from NSERC. UCD acknowledges additional financial support from the National Center for Environmental Research, EPA (RD834558). We thank Tim Smith, Dennis Holzer, and Christian Meinig for their assistance in the design and construction of Sea Sweep. We thank Derek Coffman, Drew Hamilton, James Johnson, Kristen Schulz, and Megan Haserodt for their assistance in sample collection and analysis as well as the captain and crew of the UNOLS R/V Atlantis for their support in the field. UHEL acknowledges Iyri Mikkila and Mikael Ehn for their work developing the VHTDMA instrument and the data inversion routines. PMEL contribution 3818. NR 60 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D00V15 DI 10.1029/2012JD017588 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968PD UT WOS:000305994800006 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Barnet, CD Maddy, ES Gambacorta, A AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Barnet, Christopher D. Maddy, Eric S. Gambacorta, Antonia TI On the angular effect of residual clouds and aerosols in clear-sky infrared window radiance observations: Sensitivity analyses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; CUMULUS CLOUDS; FIELDS; OCEANS AB Accurate environmental satellite observations and calculations of top-of-atmosphere infrared (IR) spectral radiances are required for the accurate retrieval of environmental data records (EDRs), including atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture profiles. For this reason it is important that systematic differences between observations and calculations under well-characterized conditions be minimal, and because most sensors must scan the earth surface to facilitate global coverage, this should include unbiased agreement over the range of zenith angles encountered. This paper investigates the "clear-sky observations" commonly used in such analyses, which include "cloud-masked" data (as is typical from imagers), as well as "cloud-cleared radiances" (as is typical from hyper/ultraspectral sounders). Here we derive simple physical conceptual models to examine quantitatively the longwave IR brightness temperature sensitivity arising from the increasing probability of cloudy fields-of-view with zenith angle, or alternatively from increased slant-path through an aerosol layer. To model the angular effect of clouds, we apply previously derived probability of clear line-of-sight (PCLoS) models for single-layer broken opaque clouds. We then generalize this approach to account for the impact of high, semitransparent (non-opaque) cold clouds, by deriving analytical expressions for the mean slant-paths through each of the idealized shapes under consideration. Our sensitivity analyses suggest that contamination by residual clouds and/or aerosols within clear-sky observations can have a measurable concave-up impact (i.e., an increasing positive bias symmetric over the scanning range) on the angular agreement of hypothetical "observations" with "calculations." The magnitudes are typically on the order of couple tenths of a Kelvin or more depending on the residual absolute cloud fraction and optical depth (i.e., the degree of cloud contamination), the residual aerosol optical depth (i.e., the degree of aerosol contamination), the temperature difference between the surface and the residual cloud/aerosol layers, and the shape and vertical aspect ratio of the clouds. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Maddy, Eric S.; Gambacorta, Antonia] NOAA, Riverside Technol Inc, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, STAR, NESDIS, Airmen Mem Bldg,Ste 204,5211 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM nick.nalli@noaa.gov RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office (NJO), NASA Research Announcement (NRA) [NNH09ZDA001N]; Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science [ROSES-2009]; Program Element A. 41 ("The Science of Terra and Aqua"); GOES-R Algorithm Working Group (AWG); STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) FX This research was supported by the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office (NJO), NASA Research Announcement (NRA) NNH09ZDA001N, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES-2009), Program Element A. 41 ("The Science of Terra and Aqua"), the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group (AWG) (W. W. Wolf and T. Schmit, STAR AWG leads), and the STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) (M. D. Goldberg, SMCD Division Chief). We are grateful to the following individuals for their contributions in support of this work: A. Ignatov and X. Liang (NESDIS/STAR), and CRTM investigators P. van Delst (NWS/NCEP), Y. Han (STAR) and Y. Chen (JCSDA), for meetings and discussions pertaining to MICROS CRTM results (which led to our finding and application of the PCLoS model to the problem of cloud contamination), as well as their subsequent feedback on our initial results presented at STAR in March 2011; and P. Keehn (NESDIS/STAR) for Java programming assistance needed for generating the ellipses in Figures 8 and 9. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback that we used to strengthen the paper. The near-realtime web-based MICROS system is accessible at: http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros/. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D12208 DI 10.1029/2012JD017667 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968PD UT WOS:000305994800008 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DN Little, CM Sergienko, OV Gnanadesikan, A Hallberg, R Oppenheimer, M AF Goldberg, D. N. Little, C. M. Sergienko, O. V. Gnanadesikan, A. Hallberg, R. Oppenheimer, M. TI Investigation of land ice-ocean interaction with a fully coupled ice-ocean model: 2. Sensitivity to external forcings SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; ANTARCTIC GLACIER; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHELF; CIRCULATION AB A coupled ice stream-ice shelf-ocean cavity model is used to assess the sensitivity of the coupled system to far-field ocean temperatures, varying from 0.0 to 1.8 degrees C, as well as sensitivity to the parameters controlling grounded ice flow. A response to warming is seen in grounding line retreat and grounded ice loss that cannot be inferred from the response of integrated melt rates alone. This is due to concentrated thinning at the ice shelf lateral margin, and to processes that contribute to this thinning. Parameters controlling the flow of grounded ice have a strong influence on the response to sub-ice shelf melting, but this influence is not seen until several years after an initial perturbation in temperatures. The simulated melt rates are on the order of that observed for Pine Island Glacier in the 1990s. However, retreat rates are much slower, possibly due to unrepresented bedrock features. C1 [Goldberg, D. N.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Little, C. M.; Oppenheimer, M.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gnanadesikan, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hallberg, R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Goldberg, DN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dgoldber@mit.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU Princeton AOS Postdoctoral and Visiting Scientist Program; NSF [ANT-1103375, ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534]; Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative; STEP program in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University FX D.N.G. received funds from the Princeton AOS Postdoctoral and Visiting Scientist Program, and from NSF award ANT-1103375. C.M.L. received funds from the Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative. D.N.G. and C.M.L. received funds from the STEP program in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. O.V.S. received funds from NSF awards ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534. Stephen Price, Eric Larour, one anonymous reviewer, and editors Poul Christofferson and Bryn Hubbard contributed helpful comments to the manuscript. D. M. Holland and K. S. Smith kindly provided additional CPU time. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F02038 DI 10.1029/2011JF002247 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968PA UT WOS:000305994300002 ER PT J AU Goldberg, DN Little, CM Sergienko, OV Gnanadesikan, A Hallberg, R Oppenheimer, M AF Goldberg, D. N. Little, C. M. Sergienko, O. V. Gnanadesikan, A. Hallberg, R. Oppenheimer, M. TI Investigation of land ice-ocean interaction with a fully coupled ice-ocean model: 1. Model description and behavior SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID PINE ISLAND GLACIER; BOTTOM WATER FORMATION; WEST ANTARCTICA; CIRCULATION BENEATH; SHELF; SHEET; DYNAMICS; ACCELERATION; SENSITIVITY; STABILITY AB Antarctic ice shelves interact closely with the ocean cavities beneath them, with ice shelf geometry influencing ocean cavity circulation, and heat from the ocean driving changes in the ice shelves, as well as the grounded ice streams that feed them. We present a new coupled model of an ice stream-ice shelf-ocean system that is used to study this interaction. The model is capable of representing a moving grounding line and dynamically responding ocean circulation within the ice shelf cavity. Idealized experiments designed to investigate the response of the coupled system to instantaneous increases in ocean temperature show ice-ocean system responses on multiple timescales. Melt rates and ice shelf basal slopes near the grounding line adjust in 1-2 years, and downstream advection of the resulting ice shelf thinning takes place on decadal timescales. Retreat of the grounding line and adjustment of grounded ice takes place on a much longer timescale, and the system takes several centuries to reach a new steady state. During this slow retreat, and in the absence of either an upward-or downward-sloping bed or long-term trends in ocean heat content, the ice shelf and melt rates maintain a characteristic pattern relative to the grounding line. C1 [Goldberg, D. N.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Little, C. M.; Oppenheimer, M.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sergienko, O. V.] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gnanadesikan, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hallberg, R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Goldberg, DN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dgoldber@mit.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 FU Princeton AOS Postdoctoral and Visiting Scientist Program; NSF [ANT-1103375, ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534]; Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative; STEP program in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University FX D.N.G. received funds from the Princeton AOS Postdoctoral and Visiting Scientist Program, and from NSF award ANT-1103375. C.M.L. received funds from the Princeton Carbon Mitigation Initiative. D.N.G. and C.M.L. received funds from the STEP program in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. O.V.S. received funds from NSF awards ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534. Stephen Price, Eric Larour, one anonymous reviewer, and editors Poul Christofferson and Bryn Hubbard contributed helpful comments to the manuscript. D. M. Holland and K. S. Smith kindly provided additional CPU time. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD JUN 29 PY 2012 VL 117 AR F02037 DI 10.1029/2011JF002246 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 968PA UT WOS:000305994300001 ER PT J AU MacCrehan, W Moore, S Schantz, M AF MacCrehan, William Moore, Stephanie Schantz, Michele TI Reproducible vapor-time profiles using solid-phase microextraction with an externally sampled internal standard SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Solid-phase microextraction (SPME); Externally sampled internal standard (ESIS); Vapor-time profile; Odorant; Canine training aid ID GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-OLFACTOMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRIACETONE TRIPEROXIDE; HEADSPACE; EXPLOSIVES; FIBER; GC/MS; TATP; DECOMPOSITION; ODORANTS AB Determination of the dynamic nature of vapor/odor release has application in a wide variety of systems. This study applies automated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) utilizing an externally sampled internal standard (ESIS) to determine the vapor-time profile of odor delivery devices for three classes of explosive compounds. The profiles of delivery systems for target odorants 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EH), and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) as canine training aids were compared over a period of 70 h. Strategies for evaluating the vapor-time profile of components with widely differing volatility are considered. An approach to quantifying the vapor concentration is described. The differences in the vapor-time profiles are examined and suggestions for selecting the best representative odor delivery technique are outlined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [MacCrehan, William; Moore, Stephanie; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP MacCrehan, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.maccrehan@nist.gov FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-10-00297]; NIST FX The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate funded the production of the work presented in this material under HSHQDC-10-00297 with NIST. The authors would also like to thank the Gerstel, Inc. team in Linthicum, MD for their technical support. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 29 PY 2012 VL 1244 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.068 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 960AW UT WOS:000305361400004 PM 22633864 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JV AF Rodriguez, J. V. TI Undulations in MeV solar energetic particle fluxes in Earth's magnetosphere associated with substorm magnetic field reconfigurations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROTON DRIFT ECHOES; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; TAIL; RADIATION; ELECTRON; ALTITUDE AB East-west anisotropies in GOES solar energetic particle (SEP) flux observations provide evidence of a time-varying radial gradient between L approximate to 4 and L approximate to 7. During elevated auroral activity, the gradient, represented by the ratio of inner (eastward-observed) to outer (westward-observed) fluxes, exhibits undulations lasting 1-3 h. A superposed epoch analysis based on 85 geosynchronous field dipolarizations observed during 19 SEP events between 1998 and 2006 shows that >4 MeV inner proton fluxes increase as the geosynchronous field stretches during substorm growth phase, then decrease gradually following field dipolarization at substorm onset. This behavior is distinct from the sharp increase of outer belt electrons and protons at the time of the dipolarization. The undulations indicate that substorm-related field changes in the near-Earth magnetotail enhance access of SEPs to the inner magnetosphere (down to L approximate to 4). The observation of undulations at geosynchronous orbit is suppressed during high solar wind dynamic pressure (P-dyn > 5 nPa) or strong geomagnetic storm conditions (Dst* < -100 nT) because the radial gradient is greatly reduced under these conditions and the interplanetary flux level provides an upper limit to the SEP fluxes in the magnetosphere. A sequence of 10 SEP undulations was observed during and following the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event. Analysis of this sequence shows that undulations observed at all local times are associated with substorm-related field changes on the nightside. GOES eastward SEP observations at all local times can thus serve as global trace particle sensing of substorm-related field reconfigurations in the near-Earth magnetotail. C1 [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rodriguez, JV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM juan.rodriguez@noaa.gov FU NSF [AGS-1024701] FX This work was supported by NSF award AGS-1024701. The SWPC GOES Solar Proton Event list (http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpdir/indices/SPE.txt) was compiled by J. Sutorik, J. Kunches, and W. Murtagh. A. Newman's monthly list of GOES satellites and longitudes has been invaluable. NOAA SWPC performed the operational processing of the GOES EPS/EPEAD and Magnetometer data and NGDC archived the data. I thank T. M. Loto'aniu for the use of his software for transforming the GOES magnetic field to VDH coordinates. I am grateful to J. Krosschell for identifying and organizing the available EPS/EPEAD data by SEP event; to J. H. King and N. Papitashvili at AdnetSystems, NASA GSFC, for providing the OMNI solar wind data in CDAWeb; to J. Gannon of USGS for providing the 1-minute Dst index; to the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, for providing the AE(12) indices; and to G. Lu for providing the AMIE AE indices. Geotail magnetic field data were provided by T. Nagai through DARTS (via CDAWeb) at Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA in Japan. I thank T. Onsager, B. Kress, J. Mazur, and H. Singer for insightful discussions. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A06229 DI 10.1029/2012JA017618 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 968PQ UT WOS:000305996600003 ER PT J AU Mayle, M Ruzic, BP Bohn, JL AF Mayle, Michael Ruzic, Brandon P. Bohn, John L. TI Statistical aspects of ultracold resonant scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-DEFECT ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR CROSS SECTIONS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; COLD COLLISIONS; OVERLAPPING RESONANCES; RANDOM MATRICES; MOLECULES; CHAOS; PHYSICS; ATOMS AB Compared to purely atomic collisions, ultracold collisions involving molecules have the potential to support a much larger number of Fano-Feshbach resonances due to the huge amount of ro-vibrational states available. In order to handle such ultracold atom-molecule collisions, we formulate a theory that incorporates the ro-vibrational Fano-Feshbach resonances in a statistical manner while treating the physics of the long-range scattering, which is sensitive to such things as hyperfine states, collision energy, and any applied electromagnetic fields, exactly within multichannel quantum defect theory. Uniting these two techniques, we can assess the influence of highly resonant scattering in the threshold regime, and in particular its dependence on the hyperfine state selected for the collision. This allows us to explore the onset of Ericson fluctuations in the regime of overlapping resonances, which are well known in nuclear physics but completely unexplored in the ultracold domain. C1 [Mayle, Michael] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mayle, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Mayle, Michael/A-2423-2009 FU US Department of Energy; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX The authors acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Energy. M. M. acknowledges financial support by a fellowship within the postdoctorate program of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). NR 71 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN 28 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 6 AR 062712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.062712 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 965QN UT WOS:000305782400014 ER PT J AU Levin, I Veidt, C Vaughn, BH Brailsford, G Bromley, T Heinz, R Lowe, D Miller, JB Poss, C White, JWC AF Levin, I. Veidt, C. Vaughn, B. H. Brailsford, G. Bromley, T. Heinz, R. Lowe, D. Miller, J. B. Poss, C. White, J. W. C. TI No inter-hemispheric delta(CH4)-C-13 trend observed SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CH4; VARIABILITY C1 [Levin, I.; Veidt, C.; Heinz, R.; Poss, C.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Vaughn, B. H.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brailsford, G.; Bromley, T.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Lowe, D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Antarctic Res Ctr, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Miller, J. B.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM Ingeborg.Levin@iup.uni-heidelberg.de RI White, James/A-7845-2009; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 28 PY 2012 VL 486 IS 7404 BP E3 EP E4 DI 10.1038/nature11175 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 965IJ UT WOS:000305760600001 PM 22739319 ER PT J AU Orr, JW AF Orr, James Wilder TI Two New Species of Snailfishes of the Genus Careproctus (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Bering Sea and Eastern North Pacific Ocean, with a Redescription of Careproctus ovigerus SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Two new species of snailfishes are described: Careproctus lycopersicus from the Bering Sea and Careproctus kamikawai from the eastern North Pacific Ocean off southern California. Careproctus lycopersicus was collected at depths of 304 to 1096 m and C. kamikawai at 468 to 1399 m. Both species are most similar to C. ovigerus, from which they are easily distinguished by trilobed teeth in broad bands on both upper and lower jaws, as opposed to the strong simple canine teeth in narrow rows of C. ovigerus. The new species have robust bodies, large pelvic discs, and counts of meristic characters, including dorsal-fin rays 42-45, anal-fin rays 34-38, pectoral-fin rays 33-38, and total vertebrae 45-50, which distinguish them from all other species. Careproctus lycopersicus is distinguished from C. kamikawai by its pale to dusky (vs. black) peritoneum, deeper caudal-fin base, and a longer and wider pelvic disc. In addition, the pelvic disc, anus, and anal-fin origin are all more posteriorly placed on the body in C. lycopersicus. The similar and rare species Careproctus ovigerus is redescribed based on all known material. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM James.Orr@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 27 PY 2012 IS 2 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1643/CI-11-046 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 967SS UT WOS:000305928700011 ER PT J AU Long, DA Hodges, JT AF Long, David A. Hodges, Joseph T. TI On spectroscopic models of the O-2 A-band and their impact upon atmospheric retrievals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRA; OXYGEN; ABSORPTION; CO2; PARAMETERS; PRESSURE; DATABASE; VALIDATION AB Highly accurate spectroscopic models for O-2 A-band [b(1)Sigma(+)(g) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g) (0,0)] absorption are required in numerous satellite-and ground-based remote sensing measurements of atmospheric greenhouse gases. In this study, we quantify the sensitivity of the calculated A-band transmission spectrum to the choice of line profile and model-input line parameter data. The models considered include the Voigt and Galatry profiles for the individual A-band transitions as well as line mixing and collision-induced absorption. In order of increasing relative importance, we show that measurement uncertainty is influenced by: available line parameter data, Dicke narrowing, line mixing, and collision-induced absorption effects. C1 [Long, David A.; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov FU NIST FX We thank Debra Wunch (California Institute of Technology) for providing us with the TCCON spectra and helpful discussions. We also thank J.-M. Hartmann (Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques, Universite Paris 12, Facultees Sciences et Technologie, Creteil Cedex, France), for providing us with his FORTRAN line mixing code and for very helpful discussions. We also acknowledge conversations with D. R. Thompson (NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA). This work was supported by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 27 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D12309 DI 10.1029/2012JD017807 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 968OX UT WOS:000305994000004 ER PT J AU Wolff, M Palsson, GK Korelis, PT Dura, JA Majkrzak, C Hjorvarsson, B AF Wolff, Max Palsson, Gunnar K. Korelis, Panagiotis T. Dura, Joseph A. Majkrzak, Charles Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin TI Hydrogen distribution in Nb/Ta superlattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FILMS; STRAIN AB The distribution of hydrogen in Nb/Ta superlattices has been investigated by combined neutron reflectivity and x-ray scattering. We provide evidence to support that strain modulations determined with x-ray diffraction can be interpreted as modulations in hydrogen content. We show that the hydrogen concentration is modulated and favors Nb, in agreement with previous studies. We measure the concentration directly using neutron reflectivity and demonstrate no detectable change in the distribution of hydrogen with temperature, in stark contrast to previous studies. C1 [Wolff, Max; Palsson, Gunnar K.; Korelis, Panagiotis T.; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin] Uppsala Univ, Div Mat Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Dura, Joseph A.; Majkrzak, Charles] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wolff, M (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Div Mat Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. EM max.wolff@physics.uu.se RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/0000-0003-1803-9467 FU Swedish Research Council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) FX The Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) are acknowledged for financial support. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 27 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 25 AR 255306 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/24/25/255306 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 953NO UT WOS:000304875600009 PM 22652824 ER PT J AU Du, K Liddle, JA Berglund, AJ AF Du, Kan Liddle, J. Alexander Berglund, Andrew J. TI Three-Dimensional Real-Time Tracking of Nanoparticles at an Oil-Water Interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING; FLUORESCENT PARTICLES; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; LIQUID INTERFACES; FLUID INTERFACES; BROWNIAN-MOTION; LIVING CELLS; DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; SURFACE AB Single-particle tracking with real-time feedback control can be used to study three-dimensional nanoparticle transport dynamics. We apply the method to study the behavior of adsorbed nanoparticles at a silicone oil-water interface in a microemulsion system over a range of particles sizes from 24 nm to 2000 nm. The diffusion coefficient of large particles (>200 nm) scales inversely with particle size, while smaller particles exhibit an unexpected increase in drag force at the interface. The technique can be applied in the future to study three-dimensional dynamics in a range of systems, including complex fluids, gels, biological cells, and geological media. C1 [Du, Kan; Liddle, J. Alexander; Berglund, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Du, Kan] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov; ajberglund@gmail.com RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX Dr. Du acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. We also gratefully acknowledge support from S. Hudson, V. Hackley, R. Cannara, Z. Deng, S. Ko, A. Band, D. Rutter, and S. Blankenship. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 28 IS 25 BP 9181 EP 9188 DI 10.1021/la300292r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 963YR UT WOS:000305661400001 PM 22667449 ER PT J AU Taraban, MB Feng, Y Hammouda, B Hyland, LL Yu, YB AF Taraban, Marc B. Feng, Yue Hammouda, Boualem Hyland, Laura L. Yu, Y. Bruce TI Chirality-Mediated Mechanical and Structural Properties of Oligopeptide Hydrogels SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE hydrogels; mechanical properties; homochirality; heterochirality; dynamic rheometry; NMR spectroscopy; small-angle X-ray scattering; small-angle neutron scattering ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BIODEGRADABLE HYDROGELS; STEREOCOMPLEX FORMATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PEPTIDE ASSEMBLIES; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SHEAR MODULUS; AMINO-ACIDS AB The origin and the effects of homochirality in the biological world continuously stimulate numerous hypotheses and much debate. This work attempts to look at the biohomochirality issue from a different angle-the mechanical properties of the bulk biomaterial and their relation to nanoscale structures. Using a pair of oppositely charged peptides that co-assemble into hydrogels, we systematically investigated the effect of chirality on the mechanical properties of these hydrogels through different combinations of syndiotactic and isotactic peptides. It was found that homochirality confers mechanical advantage, resulting in a higher elastic modulus and strain yield value. Yet, heterochirality confers kinetic advantage, resulting in faster gelation. Structurally, both homochiral and heterochiral hydrogels are made of fibers interconnected by lappet-like webs, but the homochiral peptide fibers are thicker and denser. These results highlight the possible role of biohomochirality in the evolution and/or natural selection of biomaterials. C1 [Taraban, Marc B.; Hyland, Laura L.; Yu, Y. Bruce] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Feng, Yue; Yu, Y. Bruce] Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Yu, YB (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM byu@rx.umaryland.edu RI Feng, Yue/H-1578-2012 FU NIH [EB004416]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX Financial support provided by the NIH (EB004416) is gratefully acknowledged. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamtime was awarded through the program of General User Proposals to GUP-24524. We also thank Drs. J. Ilavsky and Xiaobing Zuo (ANL) for assistance. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 24 IS 12 BP 2299 EP 2310 DI 10.1021/cm300422q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 963YX UT WOS:000305662000009 PM 23641124 ER PT J AU Hoefer, MA Sommacal, M Silva, TJ AF Hoefer, M. A. Sommacal, M. Silva, T. J. TI Propagation and control of nanoscale magnetic-droplet solitons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-WAVES; RELAXATION; TORQUE; FERROMAGNET; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS; FIELD AB The propagation and controlled manipulation of strongly nonlinear, two-dimensional solitonic states in a thin, anisotropic ferromagnet are theoretically demonstrated. It has been recently proposed that spin-polarized currents in a nanocontact device could be used to nucleate a stationary dissipative droplet soliton. Here, an external magnetic field is introduced to accelerate and control the propagation of the soliton in a lossy medium. Soliton perturbation theory corroborated by two-dimensional micromagnetic simulations predicts several intriguing physical effects, including the acceleration of a stationary soliton by a magnetic field gradient, the stabilization of a stationary droplet by a uniform control field in the absence of spin torque, and the ability to control the soliton's speed by use of a time-varying, spatially uniform external field. Soliton propagation distances approach 10 mu m in low-loss media, suggesting that droplet solitons could be viable information carriers in future spintronic applications, analogous to optical solitons in fiber optic communications. C1 [Hoefer, M. A.; Sommacal, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. [Silva, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoefer, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27965 USA. EM mahoefer@ncsu.edu; msommac@ncsu.edu; silva@nist.gov RI Sommacal, Matteo/C-3771-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; HOEFER, MARK/0000-0001-5883-6562 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 21 AR 214433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.214433 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 964EV UT WOS:000305677600003 ER PT J AU Gaebler, JP Meier, AM Tan, TR Bowler, R Lin, Y Hanneke, D Jost, JD Home, JP Knill, E Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Gaebler, J. P. Meier, A. M. Tan, T. R. Bowler, R. Lin, Y. Hanneke, D. Jost, J. D. Home, J. P. Knill, E. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Randomized Benchmarking of Multiqubit Gates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; IONS; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTERS AB We describe an extension of single-qubit gate randomized benchmarking that measures the error of multiqubit gates in a quantum information processor. This platform-independent protocol evaluates the performance of Clifford unitaries, which form a basis of fault-tolerant quantum computing. We implemented the benchmarking protocol with trapped ions and found an error per random two-qubit Clifford unitary of 0.162 +/- 0.008, thus setting the first benchmark for such unitaries. By implementing a second set of sequences with an extra two-qubit phase gate inserted after each step, we extracted an error per phase gate of 0.069 +/- 0.017. We conducted these experiments with transported, sympathetically cooled ions in a multizone Paul trap-a system that can in principle be scaled to larger numbers of ions. C1 [Gaebler, J. P.; Meier, A. M.; Tan, T. R.; Bowler, R.; Lin, Y.; Hanneke, D.; Jost, J. D.; Home, J. P.; Knill, E.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gaebler, JP (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.gaebler@nist.gov RI Lin, Yiheng/J-9681-2015; OI Lin, Yiheng/0000-0003-1738-3805; Home, Jonathan/0000-0002-4093-1550 FU NSA; IARPA; ONR; NIST Quantum Information Program; NIST through an NRC fellowship FX This work was supported by NSA, IARPA, ONR, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. The authors thank S. Glancy and B. C. Sawyer for careful readings of the manuscript. J. P. G. is supported by NIST through an NRC fellowship. This paper is a contribution by NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 26 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 26 AR 260503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.260503 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 964JF UT WOS:000305689400003 PM 23004946 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Ong, JR Shehata, AB Tosi, A Agha, I Assefa, S Xia, FN Green, WMJ Mookherjea, S Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Ong, Jun Rong Shehata, Andrea Bahgat Tosi, Alberto Agha, Imad Assefa, Solomon Xia, Fengnian Green, William M. J. Mookherjea, Shayan Srinivasan, Kartik TI Telecommunications-band heralded single photons from a silicon nanophotonic chip SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GUIDE QUANTUM CIRCUITS; WAVE-GUIDE; PAIR GENERATION; LIGHT; FIBER; WAVELENGTH AB We demonstrate room temperature heralded single photon generation in a CMOS-compatible silicon nanophotonic device. The strong modal confinement and slow group velocity provided by a coupled resonator optical waveguide produced a large four-wave-mixing nonlinearity coefficient gamma(eff) approximate to 4100 W-1 m(-1) at telecommunications wavelengths. Spontaneous four-wave-mixing using a degenerate pump beam at 1549.6 nm created photon pairs at 1529.5 nm and 1570.5 nm with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 20. A photon correlation measurement of the signal (1529.5 nm) photons heralded by the detection of the idler (1570.5 nm) photons showed antibunching with g((2))(0) = 0.19 +/- 0.03. The demonstration of a single photon source within a silicon platform holds promise for future integrated quantum photonic circuits. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4711253] C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Agha, Imad; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Agha, Imad] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ong, Jun Rong; Mookherjea, Shayan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shehata, Andrea Bahgat; Tosi, Alberto] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Assefa, Solomon; Xia, Fengnian; Green, William M. J.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smookherjea@ucsd.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Green, William/G-3335-2012; Tosi, Alberto/J-5275-2012; Xia, Fengnian/D-1003-2012; Xia, Fengnian/O-2637-2015 OI Tosi, Alberto/0000-0003-1210-2875; Xia, Fengnian/0000-0001-5176-368X FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0642603, ECCS-0925399]; NSF-GOALI; IBM; NSF-NIST; UCSD-Calit2; Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. ECCS-0642603 and ECCS-0925399, NSF-GOALI collaboration with IBM, NSF-NIST supplement, and UCSD-Calit2. J. R. Ong acknowledges support from Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore. We thank Nick Bertone from Optoelectronic Components for his help in setting up this collaboration. M.D. and I.A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the NIST-CNST, Award No. 70NANB10H193. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 26 AR 261104 DI 10.1063/1.4711253 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 966IQ UT WOS:000305831500004 ER PT J AU Sandberg, M Vissers, MR Kline, JS Weides, M Gao, JS Wisbey, DS Pappas, DP AF Sandberg, Martin Vissers, Michael R. Kline, Jeffrey S. Weides, Martin Gao, Jiansong Wisbey, David S. Pappas, David P. TI Etch induced microwave losses in titanium nitride superconducting resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCUIT AB We have investigated the correlation between the microwave loss and patterning method for coplanar waveguide titanium nitride resonators fabricated on silicon wafers. Three different methods were investigated: fluorine- and chlorine-based reactive ion etches and an argon-ion mill. At high microwave probe powers, the reactive etched resonators showed low internal loss, whereas the ion-milled samples showed dramatically higher loss. At single-photon powers, we found that the fluorine- etched resonators exhibited substantially lower loss than the chlorine-etched ones. We interpret the results by use of numerically calculated filling factors and find that the silicon surface exhibits a higher loss when chlorine-etched than when fluorine-etched. We also find from microscopy that re-deposition of silicon onto the photoresist and side walls is the probable cause for the high loss observed for the ion-milled resonators. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729623] C1 [Sandberg, Martin; Vissers, Michael R.; Kline, Jeffrey S.; Weides, Martin; Gao, Jiansong; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wisbey, David S.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Sandberg, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.sandberg@nist.gov; david.pappas@nist.gov RI Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009 OI Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795 FU NIST Quantum Information initiative; DARPA FX This work was supported by the NIST Quantum Information initiative and in part by DARPA. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressly or implied, of the U.S. Government. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 2012 VL 100 IS 26 AR 262605 DI 10.1063/1.4729623 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 966IQ UT WOS:000305831500059 ER PT J AU Kim, HC Montagna, PA AF Kim, Hae-Cheol Montagna, Paul A. TI Effects of climate-driven freshwater inflow variability on macrobenthic secondary production in Texas lagoonal estuaries: A modeling study SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Infauna; Ecosystem model; Climate variability; Fresh water inflow; Nutrients; Salinity ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; RINCON BAYOU; USA; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Freshwater inflow to estuaries delivers nutrients that drive primary production, but does inflow also affect secondary production? An ecological model was used to predict system-wide secondary production for two trophic groups of benthic organisms in response to different freshwater inflow regimes that result from the climatic ecotone along the Texas coast. The bioenergetic model was calibrated using an 11-year dataset (from 1988 to 1999) and validated with a 20-year data (from 1988 to 2008) from four estuaries in South Texas: Lavaca-Colorado (LC), Guadalupe (GE), Nueces (NE) and Laguna Madre Estuaries (LM). The estuaries lie in a climatic gradient where LC and GE receive more rainfall than NE, and NE receives more rainfall than LM. Consequently inflow and nutrient loading decreases and salinity increases along the gradient. In addition there is year-to-year variation in rain and inflow that results in wet and dry years. Therefore, this combination of the climatic gradient and temporal variability can be used to identify the effects of inflow variability on estuarine secondary production. Among Texas estuaries, increased salinity (and thus decreased inflow) benefited deposit feeders, while suspension feeders were reduced; thus there is a decrease in functional diversity when salinity is increased because of loss of a trophic guild. Within estuaries, the upstream benthic community is reduced by reduced inflow, whereas, the downstream community increases with reduced inflow and higher salinities. This is because lower salinity regimes are required to support food production for suspension feeders, and polyhaline deposit feeding species increase during marine conditions. This study demonstrates that freshwater inflow is important to maintain secondary productivity and functional diversity in estuaries, which is required to maintain estuarine health and sustainability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Hae-Cheol; Montagna, Paul A.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Unit 5869, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Kim, HC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM hae-cheol.kim@noaa.gov FU Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) [07-483-0672, 08-483-0791]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CAMEO Award [NA09NMF4720179] FX Much of the data used in this report was funded by a variety of agencies over a long period of time. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) provided most of the funding for sampling and analysis in the past. The TWDB funded the original project where the model used here was developed. The current project has been completed over a 2-year period (TWDB contract numbers 07-483-0672 and 08-483-0791). Additional support to complete the project was provided in part by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, CAMEO Award NA09NMF4720179. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN 24 PY 2012 VL 235 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.022 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 960FD UT WOS:000305372500008 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Liu, HY Crawford, JH Considine, DB Chan, CY Oltmans, SJ Thouret, V AF Zhang, Yiqiang Liu, Hongyu Crawford, James H. Considine, David B. Chan, Chuenyu Oltmans, Samuel J. Thouret, Valerie TI Distribution, variability and sources of tropospheric ozone over south China in spring: Intensive ozonesonde measurements at five locations and modeling analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; HONG-KONG; AIR-POLLUTION; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SEASONAL BEHAVIOR; ASIAN POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; LIGHTNING NOX AB We examine the characteristics of the spatial distribution and variability of tropospheric ozone (O-3) by analysis of 93 ozonesonde profiles obtained at five stations over south China (18-30 degrees N) during a field campaign in April-May 2004. We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret these characteristics and to quantify the sources of tropospheric O-3 over south China during this period. The observed tropospheric O-3 mixing ratios showed strong spatiotemporal variability due to a complex interplay of various dynamical and chemical processes. A prominent feature in the upper and middle troposphere (UT/MT) was the frequent occurrence of high O-3 mixing ratios shown as tongues extending down from the lower stratosphere or as isolated layers at all stations. The model largely captured the observed pattern of day-to-day variability in tropospheric O-3 mixing ratios at all stations, but often underestimated those tongues or isolated layers of O-3 enhancements observed in the UT/MT, especially at low-latitude stations. We found that tropospheric O-3 along the southeast China coast was mainly produced within Asia. Lightning NOx emissions (over South Asia and equatorial Africa) and/or stratospheric influences were responsible for major events of high O-3 observed in the UT/MT at all stations. Underestimated contributions of these sources likely led to the model's underestimate in the low-latitude UT/MT O-3. This study emphasizes the need for improved understanding of lightning NOx emissions and stratospheric influences over the Eurasian and African continents and for better representation of these processes in current global models. C1 [Liu, Hongyu] NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Zhang, Yiqiang; Chan, Chuenyu] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yiqiang; Liu, Hongyu] Nat Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Thouret, Valerie] Lab Aerol, UMR5560, Toulouse, France. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov RI Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; FU National Science Foundation of China [40875075]; NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP); NASA Modeling and Analysis Program (MAP); NASA Langley Research Center; China Scholarship Council; NASA ACMAP; MAP FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (40875075), NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (ACMAP), and NASA Modeling and Analysis Program (MAP), and NASA Langley Research Center. Y. Zhang was partly supported by China Scholarship Council and this paper will be part of his Ph.D. thesis at Sun Yat-sen University. He would like to thank the National Institute of Aerospace (NIA) Visitor Program for hosting his visit during 2009-2010. We thank Shaw Liu for providing the ozonesonde data for Taipei and reading the manuscript, and the personnel at all five ozonesonde stations for helping with the launching of ozonesondes. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We acknowledge the strong support of the European Commission, Airbus, and the Airlines (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France), who carry free of charge the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance. The GEOS-Chem model is managed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group at Harvard University with support from NASA ACMAP and MAP. NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 22 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D12304 DI 10.1029/2012JD017498 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 963NR UT WOS:000305628700001 ER PT J AU Baca, AI Brown, JJ Bertness, KA Bright, VM AF Baca, Alicia I. Brown, Joseph J. Bertness, Kris A. Bright, Victor M. TI Controlled dielectrophoretic nanowire self-assembly using atomic layer deposition and suspended microfabricated electrodes SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; GAN NANOWIRES; RESISTANCE; COPPER AB Effects of design and materials on the dielectrophoretic self-assembly of individual gallium nitride nanowires (GaN NWs) onto microfabricated electrodes have been experimentally investigated. The use of TiO2 surface coating generated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) improves dielectrophoretic assembly yield of individual GaN nanowires on microfabricated structures by as much as 67%. With a titanium dioxide coating, individual nanowires were placed across suspended electrode pairs in 46% of tests (147 out of 320 total), versus 28% of tests (88 out of 320 total tests) that used uncoated GaN NWs. An additional result from these tests was that suspending the electrodes 2: 75 mu m above the substrate corresponded with up to 15.8% improvement in overall assembly yield over that of electrodes fabricated directly on the substrate. C1 [Baca, Alicia I.] Samtec Microelect, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. [Brown, Joseph J.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brown, Joseph J.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baca, AI (reprint author), Samtec Microelect, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM joseph.j.brown@colorado.edu RI Brown, Joseph/H-4957-2014 OI Brown, Joseph/0000-0002-9838-7201 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); DARPA N/MEMS [N66001-10-1-4007]; National Science Foundation FX Thanks to A Abdulagatov and Dr S George (CU-Boulder) for TiO2 coating. Thanks to V Anderson (CU-Boulder) for assistance with hydrophilicity measurements, and to Dr Wei Wang (CU-Boulder) for Cu NWs. This research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT), funded by the DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program, award #N66001-10-1-4007. Electron microscopy was performed at the CU Nanomaterials Characterization Facility, Boulder, CO. J J Brown was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The authors thank P Blanchard (NIST-Boulder) and M Brubaker (CU-Boulder) for helpful conversations. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN 22 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 24 AR 245301 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/24/245301 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 957KO UT WOS:000305160500004 PM 22640980 ER PT J AU Klimov, NN Jung, S Zhu, SZ Li, T Wright, CA Solares, SD Newell, DB Zhitenev, NB Stroscio, JA AF Klimov, Nikolai N. Jung, Suyong Zhu, Shuze Li, Teng Wright, C. Alan Solares, Santiago D. Newell, David B. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Electromechanical Properties of Graphene Drumheads SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; FIELD AB We determined the electromechanical properties of a suspended graphene layer by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements, as well as computational simulations of the graphene-membrane mechanics and morphology. A graphene membrane was continuously deformed by controlling the competing interactions with a STM probe tip and the electric field from a back-gate electrode. The probe tip-induced deformation created a localized strain field in the graphene lattice. STS measurements on the deformed suspended graphene display an electronic spectrum completely different from that of graphene supported by a substrate. The spectrum indicates the formation of a spatially confined quantum dot, in agreement with recent predictions of confinement by strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields. C1 [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Jung, Suyong; Li, Teng; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Jung, Suyong; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Klimov, Nikolai N.; Newell, David B.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Shuze; Li, Teng; Wright, C. Alan; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lit@umd.edu; ssolares@umd.edu; joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Li, Teng/B-1585-2008; Zhu, Shuze/H-4303-2012; Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 OI Li, Teng/0000-0001-6252-561X; FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI-1069076, CMMI-1129826, CMMI-0841840] FX We thank M. Stiles and S. Adam for valuable discussions and S. Blankenship and A. Band for technical assistance. The U.S. National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged via grants CMMI-1069076 and CMMI-1129826 (T.L. and S.Z.) and grant CMMI-0841840 (C.A.W. and S.D.S.). NR 21 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 18 U2 230 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 22 PY 2012 VL 336 IS 6088 BP 1557 EP 1561 DI 10.1126/science.1220335 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 961ZE UT WOS:000305507500051 PM 22723417 ER PT J AU Rolland, RM Parks, SE Hunt, KE Castellote, M Corkeron, PJ Nowacek, DP Wasser, SK Kraus, SD AF Rolland, Rosalind M. Parks, Susan E. Hunt, Kathleen E. Castellote, Manuel Corkeron, Peter J. Nowacek, Douglas P. Wasser, Samuel K. Kraus, Scott D. TI Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE right whales; glucocorticoids; stress; underwater noise; ship traffic ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; AMBIENT NOISE; OCEAN NOISE; RESPONSES; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; CETACEANS; VESSELS; ELK AB Baleen whales (Mysticeti) communicate using low-frequency acoustic signals. These long-wavelength sounds can be detected over hundreds of kilometres, potentially allowing contact over large distances. Low-frequency noise from large ships (20-200 Hz) overlaps acoustic signals used by baleen whales, and increased levels of underwater noise have been documented in areas with high shipping traffic. Reported responses of whales to increased noise include: habitat displacement, behavioural changes and alterations in the intensity, frequency and intervals of calls. However, it has been unclear whether exposure to noise results in physiological responses that may lead to significant consequences for individuals or populations. Here, we show that reduced ship traffic in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, following the events of 11 September 2001, resulted in a 6 dB decrease in underwater noise with a significant reduction below 150 Hz. This noise reduction was associated with decreased baseline levels of stress-related faecal hormone metabolites (glucocorticoids) in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). This is the first evidence that exposure to low-frequency ship noise may be associated with chronic stress in whales, and has implications for all baleen whales in heavy ship traffic areas, and for recovery of this endangered right whale population. C1 [Rolland, Rosalind M.; Hunt, Kathleen E.; Kraus, Scott D.] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Parks, Susan E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Corkeron, Peter J.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Pratt Sch Engn, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rolland, RM (reprint author), New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA 02110 USA. EM rrolland@neaq.org RI Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014 OI Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X FU Office of Naval Research; NOAA Fisheries; Northeast Consortium FX This work was supported by grants from the Office of Naval Research (S.K.), NOAA Fisheries (R.R. and S.P.), and the Northeast Consortium (R.R.). Our special thanks to the New England Aquarium right whale team and the other researchers who collected samples for the stress hormone study; to Philip Hamilton for right whale data discussions; to Jackie Ciano, Stephanie Martin and Cynthia Thomas for assistance with acoustic recordings; to Angelia Vanderlaan and Chris Taggert for supplying ship traffic data for the Bay of Fundy; and to Brooke Wikgren for graphics. This research was conducted under permits from Fisheries and Oceans, Canada and Scientific Research Permits under the Canadian Species at Risk Act. NR 34 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 20 U2 163 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1737 BP 2363 EP 2368 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.2429 PG 6 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 940KN UT WOS:000303888500010 PM 22319129 ER PT J AU Shillinger, GL Di Lorenzo, E Luo, H Bograd, SJ Hazen, EL Bailey, H Spotila, JR AF Shillinger, George L. Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Luo, Hao Bograd, Steven J. Hazen, Elliott L. Bailey, Helen Spotila, James R. TI On the dispersal of leatherback turtle hatchlings from Mesoamerican nesting beaches SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dispersal; eastern Pacific Ocean; leatherback turtle; life history; hatchlings; regional ocean modelling system ID SEA-TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; COSTA-RICA; MODELING-SYSTEM; LAS-BAULAS; PACIFIC; CONSERVATION; LOGGERHEAD; ALASKA; GREEN AB So little is known about the early life history of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) from hatchling to adulthood that this period has been termed the 'lost years'. For critically endangered eastern Pacific leatherback populations, continued and rapid declines underscore the urgent need to develop conservation strategies across all life stages. We investigate leatherback hatchling dispersal from four Mesoamerican nesting beaches using passive tracer experiments within a regional ocean modelling system. The evolution of tracer distribution from each of the nesting beaches showed the strong influence of eddy transport and coastal currents. Modelled hatchlings from Playa Grande, Costa Rica, were most likely to be entrained and transported offshore by large-scale eddies coincident with the peak leatherback nesting and hatchling emergence period. These eddies potentially serve as 'hatchling highways', providing a means of rapid offshore transport away from predation and a productive refuge within which newly hatched turtles can develop. We hypothesize that the most important leatherback nesting beach remaining in the eastern Pacific (Playa Grande) has been evolutionarily selected as an optimal nesting site owing to favourable ocean currents that enhance hatchling survival. C1 [Shillinger, George L.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Shillinger, George L.] Tag A Giant Fund, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele; Luo, Hao] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.; Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Shillinger, GL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, 99 Pacific St,Suite 155A, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM georges@stanford.edu RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Luo, Hao/I-3767-2013; Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 FU Cinco Hermanos Fund; Leatherback Trust FX This research was facilitated by a grant from the Cinco Hermanos Fund and through administrative support by the Leatherback Trust. This is contribution number 4618 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. We thank the editors of Proceedings B, Graeme Hays (University of Wales, Swansea) and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments during the manuscript review process. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2012 VL 279 IS 1737 BP 2391 EP 2395 DI 10.1098/rspb.2011.2348 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 940KN UT WOS:000303888500014 PM 22378803 ER PT J AU Lopez-Barron, CR Porcar, L Eberle, APR Wagner, NJ AF Lopez-Barron, Carlos R. Porcar, Lionel Eberle, Aaron P. R. Wagner, Norman J. TI Dynamics of Melting and Recrystallization in a Polymeric Micellar Crystal Subjected to Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER GEL; CENTERED-CUBIC PHASE; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; SUSPENSIONS; SCATTERING; RHEOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; SPHERES; ORDER AB Shear-induced structural transitions of a micellar cubic phase during large amplitude oscillatory shear flow is studied with time-resolved oscillatory rheological small angle neutron scattering. This technique allows us to resolve the structural changes within a cycle of oscillation. By applying a strain rate near the critical melting shear rate, melting and recrystallization occurs in a cyclic mode. The maximum degree of order is observed when the shear stress reaches a plateau value during the large amplitude oscillatory shear cycle, whereas melting is maximized at the strain rate wave peaks. This structural evolution confirms the cyclic mechanism of sticking and sliding of 2D hexagonal close-packed layers [I. W. Hamley et al., Phys. Rev. E 58, 7620 (1998)]. C1 [Lopez-Barron, Carlos R.] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Lopez-Barron, CR (reprint author), ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. EM carlos.r.lopez-barron@exxonmobil.com RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Lopez-Barron, Carlos/M-3790-2013 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 60 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 108 IS 25 AR 258301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.258301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 962TX UT WOS:000305569100012 PM 23004666 ER PT J AU Roberts, MA Savage, C Dong, F Sharp-Williams, EN McCoy, AB Nesbitt, DJ AF Roberts, Melanie A. Savage, Chandra Dong, Feng Sharp-Williams, Erin N. McCoy, Anne B. Nesbitt, David J. TI Sub-Doppler infrared spectroscopy of CH2D radical in a slit supersonic jet: Isotopic symmetry breaking in the CH stretching manifold SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INVERSION-ROTATION SPECTRA; VIBRATION ENERGY-LEVELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; POTENTIAL FUNCTION; CENTRIFUGAL-DISTORTION; TUNNELING DYNAMICS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; OSCILLATOR MODEL; MATRIX-ISOLATION; FORCE-FIELD AB First high-resolution infrared absorption spectra in the fundamental symmetric/asymmetric CH stretching region of isotopically substituted methyl radical, CH2D, are reported and analyzed. These studies become feasible in the difference frequency spectrometer due to (i) high density radical generation via dissociative electron attachment to CH2DI in a discharge, (ii) low rotational temperatures (23 K) from supersonic cooling in a slit expansion, (iii) long absorption path length (64 cm) along the slit axes, and (iv) near shot noise limited absorption sensitivity (5 x 10 (7)/root Hz). The spectra are fully rovibrationally resolved and fit to an asymmetric top rotational Hamiltonian to yield rotational/centrifugal constants and vibrational band origins. In addition, the slit expansion collisionally quenches the transverse velocity distribution along the laser probe direction, yielding sub-Doppler resolution of spin-rotation structure and even partial resolution of nuclear hyperfine structure for each rovibrational line. Global least-squares fits to the line shapes provide additional information on spin-rotation and nuclear hyperfine constants, which complement and clarify previous FTIR studies [K. Kawaguchi, Can. J. Phys. 79, 449 (2001)] of CH2D in the out-of-plane bending region. Finally, analysis of the spectral data from the full isotopomeric CHmD3-m series based on harmonically coupled Morse oscillators establishes a predictive framework for describing the manifold of planar stretching vibrations in this fundamental combustion radical. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4717620] C1 [Roberts, Melanie A.; Savage, Chandra; Dong, Feng; Sharp-Williams, Erin N.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberts, Melanie A.; Savage, Chandra; Dong, Feng; Sharp-Williams, Erin N.; Nesbitt, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberts, Melanie A.; Savage, Chandra; Dong, Feng; Sharp-Williams, Erin N.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCoy, Anne B.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Roberts, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Reber, Melanie/0000-0002-4991-3252 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER16021]; Optical Sciences and Engineering Program at CU Boulder; NSF/IGERT; JILA visiting fellows program; NSF [CHE-0848242] FX This work was supported by funds from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-09ER16021), with initial support for the slit-jet spectrometer construction from the National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank Professor Endo for helpful discussions. M. A. R. would also like to acknowledge the Optical Sciences and Engineering Program at CU Boulder and the NSF/IGERT for funding. A. B. M. thanks the JILA visiting fellows program and NSF CHE-0848242 for support. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 136 IS 23 AR 234308 DI 10.1063/1.4717620 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 969PB UT WOS:000306066600020 PM 22779594 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JB Rudich, Y Wine, PH AF Burkholder, James B. Rudich, Yinon Wine, Paul H. TI Tribute to A. R. Ravishankara SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rudich, Yinon] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Wine, Paul H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Wine, Paul/J-4820-2015 OI Wine, Paul/0000-0002-5537-4304 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 SI SI BP 5733 EP 5734 DI 10.1021/jp304410u PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961DM UT WOS:000305444100001 PM 22716479 ER PT J AU Ghosh, B Papanastasiou, DK Talukdar, RK Roberts, JM Burkholder, JB AF Ghosh, Buddhadeb Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K. Talukdar, Ranajit K. Roberts, James M. Burkholder, James B. TI Nitryl Chloride (CINO2): UV/Vis Absorption Spectrum between 210 and 296 K and O(P-3) Quantum Yield at 193 and 248 nm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; GASEOUS N2O5; CLNO2; PHOTODISSOCIATION; KINETICS; 298-K; CL; FLUORESCENCE; CHEMISTRY; CLONO2 AB Recent studies have shown that the UV/vis photolysis of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) can be a major source of reactive chlorine in the troposphere. The present work reports measurements of the ClNO2 absorption spectrum and its temperature dependence between 210 and 296 K over the wavelength range 200-475 nm using diode array spectroscopy. The room temperature spectrum obtained in this work was found to be in good agreement with the results from Ganske et al. (J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97, 7651) over the wavelength range common to both studies (200-370 nm) but differs systematically from the currently recommended spectrum for use in atmospheric models. The present results lead to a decrease in the calculated atmospheric ClNO2 photolysis rate by similar to 30%. Including the temperature dependence of the CINO2 spectrum decreases the calculated atmospheric photolysis rate at lower temperatures (higher altitudes) even further. A parametrization of the wavelength and temperature dependence of the ClNO2 spectrum is presented. O(P-3) quantum yields, Phi(O)(ClNO2), in the photolysis of ClNO2 at 193 and 248 nm were measured at 296 K using pulsed laser photolysis combined with atomic resonance fluorescence detection of O(P-3) atoms. Phi(O)(ClNO2)(lambda) was found to be 0.67 +/- 0.12 and 0.15 +/- 0.03 (2 sigma error limits, including estimated systematic errors) at 193 and 248 nm, respectively, indicating that multiple dissociation channels are active in the photolysis of ClNO2 at these wavelengths. The Phi(O)(ClNO2)(lambda) values obtained in this work are discussed in light of previous ClNO2 photodissociation studies and the differences are discussed. C1 [Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Roberts, James M.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 SI SI BP 5796 EP 5805 DI 10.1021/jp207389y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961DM UT WOS:000305444100008 PM 21936506 ER PT J AU Froyd, KD Lovejoy, ER AF Froyd, Karl D. Lovejoy, Edward R. TI Bond Energies and Structures of Ammonia-Sulfuric Acid Positive Cluster Ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE SOLVATION; EXPERIMENTAL THERMODYNAMICS; MOLECULE ASSOCIATION; AEROSOL NUCLEATION; PARTICLE FORMATION; PROTON AFFINITIES; ISOMERIC CLUSTERS; SOLVENT SHELLS AB New particle formation in the atmosphere is initiated by nucleation of gas-phase species. The small molecular clusters that act as seeds for new particles are stabilized by the incorporation of an ion. Ion-induced nucleation of molecular cluster ions containing sulfuric acid generates new particles in the 0 background troposphere. The addition of a proton-accepting species to sulfuric acid cluster ions can further stabilize them and may promote nucleation under a wider range of conditions. To understand and accurately predict atmospheric nucleation, the stabilities of each molecular cluster within a chemical family must be known. We present the first comprehensive measurements of the ammonia-sulfuric acid positive ion cluster system NH4+(NH3)(n)(H2SO4)(s). Enthalpies and entropies of individual growth steps within this system were measured using either an ion flow reactor-mass spectrometer system under equilibrium conditions or by thermal decomposition of clusters in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Low level ab initio structural calculations provided inputs to a master equation model to determine bond energies from thermal decomposition measurements. Optimized ab initio structures for clusters up through n = 3, s = 3 are reported. Upon addition of ammonia and sulfuric acid pairs, internal proton transfer generates multiple NH4+ and HSO4- ions within the clusters. These multiple-ion structures are up to 50 kcal mol(-1) more stable than corresponding isomers that retain neutral NH3 and H2SO4 species. The lowest energy n = s clusters are composed entirely of ions. The addition of acid-base pairs to the core NH4+ ion generates nanocrystals that begin to resemble the ammonium bisulfate bulk crystal starting with the smallest n = s cluster, NH4+(NH3)(1)(H2SO4)(1). In the absence of water, this cluster ion system nucleates spontaneously for conditions that encompass most of the free troposphere. C1 [Froyd, Karl D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lovejoy, Edward R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM Karl.Froyd@noaa.gov RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA; NOAA Climate and Global Change Program FX The authors thank Joachim Curtius for valuable input. This work was supported by NOAA base funding and the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 SI SI BP 5886 EP 5899 DI 10.1021/jp209908f PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961DM UT WOS:000305444100017 PM 22103290 ER PT J AU Kahan, TF Washenfelder, RA Vaida, V Brown, SS AF Kahan, Tara F. Washenfelder, Rebecca A. Vaida, Veronica Brown, Steven S. TI Cavity-Enhanced Measurements of Hydrogen Peroxide Absorption Cross Sections from 353 to 410 nm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RADICAL PRODUCTION; DRY DEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; H2O2; OH; PHOTODISSOCIATION; HO2NO2; CH3OOH; FOREST; VAPOR AB We report near-ultraviolet and visible absorption cross sections of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS), a recently developed, high-sensitivity technique. The measurements reported here span the range of 353-410 nm and extend published electronic absorption cross sections by 60 nm to absorption cross sections below 1 x 10(-23) cm(2) molecule(-1). We have calculated photolysis rate constants for H2O2 in the lower troposphere at a range of solar zenith angles by combining the new measurements with previously reported data at wavelengths shorter than 350 nm. We predict that photolysis at wavelengths longer than those included in the current JPL recommendation may account for up to 28% of the total hydroxyl radical (OH) production from H2O2 photolysis under some conditions. Loss of H2O2 via photolysis may be of the same order of magnitude as reaction with OH and dry deposition in the lower atmosphere; these processes have very different impacts on HOx loss and regeneration. C1 [Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kahan, Tara F.; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Steven.S.Brown@noaa.gov RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056; FU innovative research proposal (IRP) from Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado; NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); National Science Foundation [CHE 1011770] FX This work was funded in part by an innovative research proposal (IRP) from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, and in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. T.F.K. thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for a postdoctoral fellowship. The authors thank M. R. McGillen, R K. Talukdar, J. B. Burkholder, and N. L. Wagner for experimental assistance and helpful discussions. V.V. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation CHE 1011770. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 SI SI BP 5941 EP 5947 DI 10.1021/jp2104616 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961DM UT WOS:000305444100022 PM 22225472 ER PT J AU Talukdar, RK Burkholder, JB Roberts, JM Portmann, RW Ravishankara, AR AF Talukdar, Ranajit K. Burkholder, James B. Roberts, James M. Portmann, Robert W. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Heterogeneous Interaction of N2O5 with HCl Doped H2SO4 under Stratospheric Conditions: CINO2 and Cl-2 Yields SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS; ANTARCTIC OZONE DEPLETION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NITRYL CHLORIDE; REACTION PROBABILITIES; DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE; AQUEOUS AEROSOLS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; CROSS-SECTIONS; ICE SURFACES AB The reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, with hydrogen chloride, HCl, in sulfuric acid solutions was studied at temperatures and compositions relevant to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Experiments were performed using a rotating wetted wall flow tube reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the gas-phase detection of reactants (N2O5 and HCl) and products (nitryl chloride, CINO2, and Cl-2) using I- as the reagent ion. Uptake coefficients, y, were measured under stratospheric conditions: 205 < T < 225 K; 50 and 60 wt % H2SO4 solutions; 5.8 X 10(-5) < [HCl](liq) < 0.1 M. Uptake coefficients of N2O5 on pure H2SO4/H2O (50 and 60 wt % H2SO4) and HCl doped H2SO4 were found to be independent of temperature and sulfuric acid composition (weight percent of H2SO4 and HCl concentration) consistent with previous studies. CINO2 was observed to be a major gas-phase product with its yield strongly dependent on the liquid-phase HCl concentration (5.8 x 10(-5) to 0.1 M HCl) and with a maximum yield of nearly unity at 0.005 M HCl in both 50 and 60 wt % sulfuric acid solutions. The Cl-2 yield was <1% under all conditions studied. CINO2 production was attributed to the heterogeneous reaction of NO2+(aq), or H2NO3+(aq) (formed in the dissociative ionization of N2O5), with Cl-. The variation of the ClNO2 yield with HCl concentration was attributed to the competition between the reaction of NO2+(aq), or H2NO3+(aq) with Cl- and H2O. Using our measured yields as a function of HCl concentrations in 50 and 60 wt % H2SO4 solutions at different temperatures, we calculated the variation of the CINO2 yield under stratospheric conditions. The atmospheric implications of these findings were examined using a 2D atmospheric model. The contribution of this chemistry to ozone depletion was found to be a minor process under nonvolcanic background aerosol levels. C1 [Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Burkholder, James B.; Roberts, James M.; Portmann, Robert W.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Talukdar, RK (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ranajit.K.Talukdar@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 SI SI BP 6003 EP 6014 DI 10.1021/jp210960z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961DM UT WOS:000305444100028 PM 22268510 ER PT J AU Orkin, VL Khamaganov, VG Kurylo, MJ AF Orkin, Vladimir L. Khamaganov, Victor G. Kurylo, Michael J. TI High Accuracy Measurements of OH Reaction Rate Constants and IR Absorption Spectra: Substituted 2-Propanols SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; CHLORINE ATOMS; SERIES; ULTRAVIOLET; POTENTIALS AB Rate constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals with 2-propanol and three fluorine substituted 2-propanols, (CH3)2CHOH (k(0)), (CF3)(2)CHOH (k(1)), (CF3)(2)C(OH)CH3 (k(2)), and (CF3)(3)COH (k(3)), were measured using a flash photolysis resonance-fluorescence technique over the temperature range 220-370 K. The Arrhenius plots were found to exhibit noticeable curvature for all four reactions. The temperature dependences of the rate constants can be represented by the following expressions: k(0)(T) = 1.46 X 10(-11) exp{-883/T} + 1.30 X 10(-12) exp{+371/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(1)(T) = 1.19 x 10(-12) exp{-1207/T} + 7.85 x 10(-16) exp{+502/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(2)(T) = 1.68 x 10(-2) exp{-1718/T} + 7.32 X 10(-16) exp{+371/T} cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(3)(T) = 3.0 x 10(-20) x (T/298)(11.3) exp{+3060/T} cm(3) molecule-1 s-1. The atmospheric lifetimes due to reactions with tropospheric OH were estimated to be 2.4 days and 1.9, 6.3, and 46 years, respectively. UV absorption cross sections were measured between 160 and 200 nm. The IR absorption cross sections of the three fluorinated compounds were measured between 450 and 1900 cm(-1), and their global warming potentials were estimated. C1 [Orkin, Vladimir L.; Khamaganov, Victor G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kurylo, Michael J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res GESTAR Program, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Orkin, VL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.orkin@nist.gov RI Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 FU Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIST Measurement Services Advisory Group; NATO CLG Program [ES-P.EAP.CLG.983035, EST.CLG979421] FX This work was supported by the Upper Atmosphere Research Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and NIST Measurement Services Advisory Group. Authors thank Dr. Adam Alty, Christopher J. Deigl, and Douglas B. Tatham of SynQuest Laboratories, Inc. for their help with sample analyses and purity discussions. V.L.O. acknowledges the support of NATO CLG Program, Grants ES-P.EAP.CLG.983035 and EST.CLG979421. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 SI SI BP 6188 EP 6198 DI 10.1021/jp211534n PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 961DM UT WOS:000305444100046 PM 22372969 ER PT J AU Lee, H Kim, DH Witte, KN Ohn, K Choi, J Akgun, B Satija, S Won, YY AF Lee, Hoyoung Kim, Dae Hwan Witte, Kevin N. Ohn, Kimberly Choi, Je Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushi Won, You-Yeon TI Water Is a Poor Solvent for Densely Grafted Poly(ethylene oxide) Chains: A Conclusion Drawn from a Self-Consistent Field Theory-Based Analysis of Neutron Reflectivity and Surface Pressure-Area Isotherm Data SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LATERAL NANOSCALE HETEROGENEITIES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WEAK POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; POLYMER BRUSHES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; MIXED POLYELECTROLYTE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; INTERFACE; COLLAPSE; DEPENDENCE AB By use of a combined experimental and theoretical approach, a model poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) brush system, prepared by spreading a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PEO-PnBA) amphiphilic diblock copolymer onto an air-water interface, was investigated. The polymer segment density profiles of the PEO brush in the direction normal to the air-water interface under various grafting density conditions were determined by using the neutron reflectivity (NR) measurement technique. To achieve a theoretically sound analysis of the reflectivity data, we used a data analysis method that utilizes the self-consistent field (SCF) theoretical modeling as a tool for predicting expected reflectivity results for comparison with the experimental data. Using this data analysis technique, we discovered that the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter of the PEO brush chains is significantly greater than that corresponding to the theta condition in Flory-Huggins solutions (i.e., chi(PEO-water)(brush chains)/chi(PEO-water)(theta condition) approximate to 1.2), suggesting that contrary to what is more commonly observed for PEO in normal situations (chi(PEO-water)(free chains)/chi(PEO-water)(theta condition) approximate to 0.92), the PEO chains are actually not "hydrophilic" when they exist as polymer brush chains, because of the many body interactions that are forced to be effective in the brush situation. This result is further supported by the fact that the surface pressures of the PEO brush calculated on the basis of the measured chi(PEO-water) value are in close agreement with the experimental surface pressure-area isotherm data. The SCF theoretical analysis of the surface pressure behavior of the PEO brush also suggests that even though the grafted PEO chains experience a poor solvent environment, the PEO brush layer exhibits positive surface pressures, because the hydrophobicity of the PEO brush chains (which favors compression) is insufficient to overcome the opposing effect of the chain conformational entropy (which resists compression). C1 [Lee, Hoyoung; Kim, Dae Hwan; Witte, Kevin N.; Ohn, Kimberly; Choi, Je; Won, You-Yeon] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Won, YY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM yywon@ecn.purdue.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0906567] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) for providing financial support of this research (DMR-0906567). NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 24 BP 7367 EP 7378 DI 10.1021/jp301817e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 961DN UT WOS:000305444200039 PM 22616550 ER PT J AU Michalet, X Berglund, AJ AF Michalet, Xavier Berglund, Andrew J. TI Optimal diffusion coefficient estimation in single-particle tracking SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOT TRACKING; LATERAL DIFFUSION; DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULE MICROSCOPY; LOCALIZATION; DYNAMICS; CELLS; TRANSFORM; RECEPTORS; BEHAVIOR AB Single-particle tracking is increasingly used to extract quantitative parameters on single molecules and their environment, while advances in spatial and temporal resolution of tracking techniques inspire new questions and avenues of investigation. Correspondingly, sophisticated analytical methods are constantly developed to obtain more refined information from measured trajectories. Here we point out some fundamental limitations of these approaches due to the finite length of trajectories, the presence of localization error, and motion blur, focusing on the simplest motion regime of free diffusion in an isotropic medium (Brownian motion). We show that two recently proposed algorithms approach the theoretical limit of diffusion coefficient uncertainty. We discuss the practical performance of the algorithms as well as some important implications of these results for single-particle tracking. C1 [Michalet, Xavier] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Berglund, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Michalet, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM michalet@chem.ucla.edu; ajberglund@gmail.com RI Michalet, Xavier/A-9704-2009 OI Michalet, Xavier/0000-0001-6602-7693 FU NIH [EB006353, GM084327] FX This work was supported in part by Grants No. NIH EB006353 and No. GM084327 (XM). NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN 21 PY 2012 VL 85 IS 6 AR 061916 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.061916 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 962TE UT WOS:000305567100006 PM 23005136 ER PT J AU Hu, SW Maschal, R Young, SS Hong, TH Phillips, PJ AF Hu, Shuowen Maschal, Robert Young, S. Susan Hong, Tsai Hong Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Face recognition performance with superresolution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB With the prevalence of surveillance systems, face recognition is crucial to aiding the law enforcement community and homeland security in identifying suspects and suspicious individuals on watch lists. However, face recognition performance is severely affected by the low face resolution of individuals in typical surveillance footage, oftentimes due to the distance of individuals from the cameras as well as the small pixel count of low-cost surveillance systems. Superresolution image reconstruction has the potential to improve face recognition performance by using a sequence of low-resolution images of an individual's face in the same pose to reconstruct a more detailed high-resolution facial image. This work conducts an extensive performance evaluation of superresolution for a face recognition algorithm using a methodology and experimental setup consistent with real world settings at multiple subject-to-camera distances. Results show that superresolution image reconstruction improves face recognition performance considerably at the examined midrange and close range. C1 [Hu, Shuowen; Maschal, Robert; Young, S. Susan] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Hong, Tsai Hong; Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, SW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM shuowen.hu.civ@mail.mil NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 18 BP 4250 EP 4259 DI 10.1364/AO.51.004250 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 970AH UT WOS:000306100000037 PM 22722306 ER PT J AU van Hooidonk, RJ Manzello, DP Moye, J Brandt, ME Hendee, JC McCoy, C Manfrino, C AF van Hooidonk, Ruben J. Manzello, Derek P. Moye, Jessica Brandt, Marilyn E. Hendee, James C. McCoy, Croy Manfrino, Carrie TI Coral bleaching at Little Cayman, Cayman Islands 2009 SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bleaching; coral reefs; climatic changes; temperature tolerance ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; SURFACE TEMPERATURE CLIMATOLOGY; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ST-CROIX; THRESHOLDS; DECLINE; DISEASE; PREDICTIONS; COVER AB The global rise in sea temperature through anthropogenic climate change is affecting coral reef ecosystems through a phenomenon known as coral bleaching; that is, the whitening of corals due to the loss of the symbiotic zooxanthellae which impart corals with their characteristic vivid coloration. We describe aspects of the most prevalent episode of coral bleaching ever recorded at Little Cayman, Cayman Islands, during the fall of 2009. The most susceptible corals were found to be, in order, Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea annularis, and Montastraea faveolata, while Diplora strigosa and Agaricia spp. were less so, yet still showed considerable bleaching prevalence and severity. Those found to be least susceptible were Pontes porites, Porites astreoides, and Montastraea cavernosa. These observations and other reported observations of coral bleaching, together with 29 years (1982-2010) of satellite-derived sea surface temperatures, were used to optimize bleaching predictions at this location. To do this a Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) and Peirce Skill Score (PSS) analysis was employed to calculate a local bleaching threshold above which bleaching was expected to occur. A threshold of 4.2 DHW had the highest skill, with a PSS of 0.70. The method outlined here could be applied to other regions to find the optimal bleaching threshold and improve bleaching predictions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [van Hooidonk, Ruben J.; Manzello, Derek P.; Hendee, James C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Moye, Jessica; Manfrino, Carrie] Cent Caribbean Marine Inst, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Brandt, Marilyn E.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Manfrino, Carrie] Kean Univ, Dept Geol & Meteorol, Union, NJ 07083 USA. RP van Hooidonk, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ruben.van.hooidonk@noaa.gov RI Manfrino, Carrie /F-7588-2013; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010; OI Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354; Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233; Manfrino, Carrie/0000-0002-3129-9629 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA AOML FX We would like to thank J. Maynard for his insights and constructive discussions. The SST data was provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. This research was performed while R. van Hooidonk held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA AOML. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 42 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 EI 1096-0015 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN 20 PY 2012 VL 106 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.04.021 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 966UL UT WOS:000305862800008 ER EF