FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Iwata-Harms, JM
Wong, FJ
Alaan, US
Kirby, BJ
Borchers, JA
Toney, MF
Nelson-Cheeseman, BB
Liberati, M
Arenholz, E
Suzuki, Y
AF Iwata-Harms, Jodi M.
Wong, Franklin J.
Alaan, Urusa S.
Kirby, B. J.
Borchers, Julie A.
Toney, Michael F.
Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany B.
Liberati, Marco
Arenholz, Elke
Suzuki, Yuri
TI Controlling spin ordering in frustrated magnets via thin film
heteroepitaxy
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHROMITE; OXIDE
AB Competing exchange interactions can give rise to varying degrees of frustration that manifest itself in noncollinear magnetic moment ordering or canonical geometric frustration in magnets with large ground-state degeneracies. Relieving this frustration has the potential to stabilize ground states inaccessible in the bulk. We demonstrate that heteroepitaxial lattice distortions can modify the strength of exchange interactions in thin films of the frustrated ferrimagnet, CuCr2O4. The reduction of magnetic frustration in CuCr2O4 through lattice distortions results in greater collinear spin ordering in CuCr2O4 thin films and an enhanced magnetization. We identify heteroepitaxial lattice distortions as a method to tune spin functionality and potentially lift ground-state degeneracies more broadly in frustrated magnets.
C1 [Iwata-Harms, Jodi M.; Wong, Franklin J.; Alaan, Urusa S.; Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany B.; Suzuki, Yuri] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wong, Franklin J.; Suzuki, Yuri] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, Julie A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Liberati, Marco; Arenholz, Elke] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Suzuki, Yuri] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Suzuki, Yuri] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Iwata-Harms, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
OI Alaan, Urusa/0000-0003-1109-3399
FU National Science Foundation [0604277, 1104401]; Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants
No. 0604277 and No. 1104401. U.S.A. was supported by an NSF graduate
fellowship. F.J.W., the Advanced Light Source, and the National Center
for Electron Microscopy are supported by the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of
this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on
behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.
We would like to thank K. M. Yu, R. V. Chopdekar, J. S. Bettinger, V. V.
Mehta, S. Anwar, and M. A. Mayer for assistance in data collection and
discussion.
NR 31
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U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 20
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 21
AR 214424
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.214424
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 962GM
UT WOS:000305530300007
ER
PT J
AU Brida, G
Ciavarella, L
Degiovanni, IP
Genovese, M
Migdall, A
Mingolla, MG
Paris, MGA
Piacentini, F
Polyakov, SV
AF Brida, G.
Ciavarella, L.
Degiovanni, I. P.
Genovese, M.
Migdall, A.
Mingolla, M. G.
Paris, M. G. A.
Piacentini, F.
Polyakov, S. V.
TI Ancilla-Assisted Calibration of a Measuring Apparatus
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; PHOTON STATISTICS; DENSITY-MATRIX; QUANTUM
STATE; TOMOGRAPHY; DETECTORS; LIGHT; BEAMS
AB A quantum measurement can be described by a set of matrices, one for each possible outcome, which represents the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) of the sensor. Efficient protocols of POVM extraction for arbitrary sensors are required. We present the first experimental POVM reconstruction that takes explicit advantage of a quantum resource, i.e., nonclassical correlations with an ancillary state. A POVM of a photon-number-resolving detector is reconstructed by using strong quantum correlations of twin beams generated by parametric down-conversion. Our reconstruction method is more statistically robust than POVM reconstruction methods that use classical input states.
C1 [Brida, G.; Ciavarella, L.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Genovese, M.; Mingolla, M. G.; Paris, M. G. A.; Piacentini, F.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
[Migdall, A.; Polyakov, S. V.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Migdall, A.; Polyakov, S. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mingolla, M. G.] Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
[Paris, M. G. A.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
[Paris, M. G. A.] Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Sci Fis Mat, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
RP Brida, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013;
Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015
OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo
Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692
FU European Union [912/2009/EC]; FIRB [RBFR10YQ3H, RBFR10UAUV]; Compagnia
di San Paolo
FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the
European Union on the basis of Decision No. 912/2009/EC (project
IND06-MIQC) from the MIUR, FIRB Grants No. RBFR10YQ3H and No.
RBFR10UAUV, and by Compagnia di San Paolo. We thank Valentina Schettini
and Mario Dagrada for collaborating in the early stage of preparing the
setup.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 19
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 25
AR 253601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.253601
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 962TT
UT WOS:000305568700012
PM 23004600
ER
PT J
AU Gamalski, AD
Tersoff, J
Sharma, R
Ducati, C
Hofmann, S
AF Gamalski, A. D.
Tersoff, J.
Sharma, R.
Ducati, C.
Hofmann, S.
TI Metastable Crystalline AuGe Catalysts Formed During Isothermal Germanium
Nanowire Growth
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; GE NANOWIRES; GOLD; SYSTEMS; SI;
KINETICS
AB We observe the formation of metastable AuGe phases without quenching, during strictly isothermal nucleation and growth of Ge nanowires, using video-rate lattice-resolved environmental transmission electron microscopy. We explain the unexpected formation of these phases through a novel pathway involving changes in composition rather than temperature. The metastable catalyst has important implications for nanowire growth, and more broadly, the isothermal process provides both a new approach to growing and studying metastable phases, and a new perspective on their formation.
C1 [Gamalski, A. D.; Hofmann, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England.
[Tersoff, J.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
[Sharma, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ducati, C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
RP Gamalski, AD (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England.
EM adg40@cam.ac.uk; tersoff@us.ibm.com
RI Hofmann, Stephan/D-3906-2012;
OI Hofmann, Stephan/0000-0001-6375-1459; Ducati,
Caterina/0000-0003-3366-6442
FU Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission; National Science Foundation;
Royal Society; ERC grant InsituNANO [279342]
FX A. D. G. acknowledges funding from the Marshall Aid Commemoration
Commission and the National Science Foundation. S. H. and C. D.
acknowledge funding from the Royal Society. S. H. acknowledges funding
from ERC grant InsituNANO (project number 279342). We gratefully
acknowledge the use of facilities within the LeRoy Eyring Center for
Solid State Science at Arizona State University.
NR 26
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U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 19
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 25
AR 255702
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.255702
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 962TT
UT WOS:000305568700017
PM 23004621
ER
PT J
AU Hormozi, L
Moller, G
Simon, SH
AF Hormozi, L.
Moeller, G.
Simon, S. H.
TI Fractional Quantum Hall Effect of Lattice Bosons Near Commensurate Flux
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NON-ABELIAN STATISTICS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; OPTICAL LATTICES;
WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; STATES; COMPUTATION; ANYONS
AB We study interacting bosons on a lattice in a magnetic field. When the number of flux quanta per plaquette is close to a rational fraction, the low-energy physics is mapped to a multispecies continuum model: bosons in the lowest Landau level where each boson is given an internal degree of freedom, or pseudospin. We find that the interaction potential between the bosons involves terms that do not conserve pseudospin, corresponding to umklapp processes, which in some cases can also be seen as BCS-type pairing terms. We argue that in experimentally realistic regimes for bosonic atoms in optical lattices with synthetic magnetic fields, these terms are crucial for determining the nature of allowed ground states. In particular, we show numerically that certain paired wave functions related to the Moore-Read Pfaffian state are stabilized by these terms, whereas certain other wave functions can be destabilized when umklapp processes become strong.
C1 [Hormozi, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hormozi, L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Moeller, G.] Univ Cambridge, TCM Grp, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
[Simon, S. H.] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England.
RP Hormozi, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Moller, Gunnar/G-4543-2010; Hormozi, Layla/G-6564-2011
OI Moller, Gunnar/0000-0001-8986-0899;
FU NIST/NRC; Newton Trust; Leverhulme Trust [ECF-2011-565]; EPSRC Grant
[EP/I032487/1]; Trinity Hall Cambridge
FX Discussions with S. Adam, E. Ardonne, N. R. Cooper, M. Hafezi, L.
Mathey, R. Palmer, M. Peterson, and especially E. Tiesinga are
gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the hospitality of
Nordita and the Aspen Center for Physics and support from NIST/NRC
(L.H.), Trinity Hall Cambridge, the Newton Trust, and the Leverhulme
Trust under Grant No. ECF-2011-565 (G.M.) and EPSRC Grant No.
EP/I032487/1 (S.H.S.).
NR 42
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U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 19
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 25
AR 256809
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.256809
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 962TT
UT WOS:000305568700026
PM 23004638
ER
PT J
AU Redding, B
Ge, L
Song, QH
Wiersig, J
Solomon, GS
Cao, H
AF Redding, Brandon
Ge, Li
Song, Qinghai
Wiersig, Jan
Solomon, Glenn S.
Cao, Hui
TI Local Chirality of Optical Resonances in Ultrasmall Resonators
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHAPED MICRODISK RESONATORS; ASYMMETRIC MODAL DISTRIBUTIONS; RECIPROCAL
TRANSMISSIONS; DIRECTIONAL EMISSION; LASERS; CAVITIES; MICROLASERS
AB In wavelength-scale cavities with chiral-symmetric geometry, wave optical effects can introduce local chirality, that is, a spatial separation of the clockwise and counterclockwise propagating resonant modes. We show that this local chirality results in unidirectional lasing emission in the far field. In the presence of a waveguide, the local chirality also allows for directional evanescent coupling of the lasing modes, and the output direction can be varied by selecting the coupling position along the cavity boundary. Our results demonstrate that the local chirality of optical resonances can be utilized to control the output directionality and enhance the collection efficiency of emission from ultrasmall resonators.
C1 [Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Ge, Li] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Song, Qinghai] Harbin Inst Technol, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China.
[Wiersig, Jan] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Redding, B (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RI Wiersig, Jan/F-1410-2013; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Song,
Qinghai/C-2197-2014
FU NSF [ECCS-1068642, ECCS-1128542]; DFG research group [760]; NSF MRSEC
[DMR 1119826]; SZ Key Lab. of Wind Power Smart Grid [CXB201005250025A]
FX We thank Professor A. Douglas Stone and Professor Eugene Bogomolny for
stimulating discussions. This work is supported partly by NSF under the
Grants No. ECCS-1068642 and No. ECCS-1128542, and by the DFG research
group 760. Facilities use was supported by YINQE and NSF MRSEC DMR
1119826. Q. S. acknowledges support from the SZ Key Lab. of Wind Power &
Smart Grid (CXB201005250025A).
NR 33
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U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 19
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 25
AR 253902
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.253902
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 962TT
UT WOS:000305568700013
PM 23004602
ER
PT J
AU Wang, MY
Heo, GY
Omarova, S
Pikueva, IA
Turko, IV
AF Wang, Meiyao
Heo, Gun-Young
Omarova, Saida
Pikueva, Irina A.
Turko, Illarion V.
TI Sample Prefractionation for Mass Spectrometry Quantification of
Low-Abundance Membrane Proteins
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ADRENODOXIN REDUCTASE; ACID; CHOLESTEROL; BRAIN; IDENTIFICATION;
ELIMINATION; RETINA
AB Use of stable isotope-labeled full-length proteins as an internal standard prior to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis enables prefractionation of the target proteins and quantification of those low-abundance proteins, which cannot be reached without biological sample enrichment. In terms of membrane proteins, this benefit can be used if a sample processing workflow allows entire solubilization of membrane proteins. We have developed a universal workflow for sample processing and enrichment by optimizing washing and solubilization conditions and implementing sample fractionation by Whole Gel Eluter. The optimized protocol was applied to various membrane-bound cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and their electron transferring protein partners, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), ferredoxin reductase (FdR), and ferredoxin (Fdx), all important proteins for cholesterol elimination from different organs. Both, weakly associated (CPR and FdR) and tightly associated (CYP7B1, CYP11A1, CYP27A1, and CYP46A1) membrane proteins were quantified. Measurements were performed on three human tissues (temporal lobe of the brain, retina, and retinal pigment epithelium) obtained from multiple donors. The biological implications of our quantitative measurements are also discussed.
C1 [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Heo, Gun-Young; Omarova, Saida; Pikueva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
RP Pikueva, IA (reprint author), 2085 Adelbert Rd,Room 303, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
EM iap8@case.edu; iturko@umd.edu
RI Wang, Meiyao/F-6133-2012
FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383]; Research to Prevent Blindness
Foundation
FX We thank Dr. P.F. Guengerich (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN) for
expression construct for human CPR; Dr. R.C. Tuckey (the University of
Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia) for expression constructs for
human CYP11A1, FdR, and Fdx; and Dr. D.W. Russell (UT Southwestern,
Dallas, TX) for cDNA for human CYP7B1. This work was supported in part
by grant from the National Institutes of Health (EY018383 to I.A.P.).
I.A.P is also a recipient of the Jules and Doris Stein Professorship
from the Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation. Certain commercial
materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript
in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as
possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor
does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified
are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JUN 19
PY 2012
VL 84
IS 12
BP 5186
EP 5191
DI 10.1021/ac300587v
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 959NW
UT WOS:000305320500005
PM 22607469
ER
PT J
AU Durfee, CG
Storz, T
Garlick, J
Hill, S
Squier, JA
Kirchner, M
Taft, G
Shea, K
Kapteyn, H
Murnane, M
Backus, S
AF Durfee, Charles G.
Storz, Tristan
Garlick, Jonathan
Hill, Steven
Squier, Jeff A.
Kirchner, Matthew
Taft, Greg
Shea, Kevin
Kapteyn, Henry
Murnane, Margaret
Backus, Sterling
TI Direct diode-pumped Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; TISAPPHIRE LASER; GENERATION; TI-AL2O3; PULSES;
POWER; NM
AB We describe a Ti:sapphire laser pumped directly with a pair of 1.2W 445nm laser diodes. With over 30mW average power at 800 nm and a measured pulsewidth of 15fs, Kerr-lens-modelocked pulses are available with dramatically decreased pump cost. We propose a simple model to explain the observed highly stable Kerr-lens modelocking in spite of the fact that both the mode-locked and continuous-wave modes are smaller than the pump mode in the crystal. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Durfee, Charles G.; Storz, Tristan; Garlick, Jonathan; Hill, Steven; Squier, Jeff A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Garlick, Jonathan; Kirchner, Matthew; Taft, Greg; Shea, Kevin; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret; Backus, Sterling] KMLabs Inc, Dept Res & Dev, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Backus, Sterling] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, JILA, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Durfee, CG (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM cdurfee@mines.edu
RI Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0394]; NIH [EB003832]; STTR AFOSR [FA9550-10-C-0017];
AFRL SBIR [FA8650-11-C-2102]
FX C. D. and J. S. acknowledge funding support from AFOSR under grant
FA9550-10-1-0394. J. S. acknowledges support from NIH grant EB003832. S.
B. and J. S. acknowledge funding from an STTR AFOSR FA9550-10-C-0017,
and S. B. from a AFRL SBIR FA8650-11-C-2102.
NR 22
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 4
U2 43
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD JUN 18
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 13
BP 13677
EP 13683
DI 10.1364/OE.20.013677
PG 7
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 961NV
UT WOS:000305473000009
PM 22714433
ER
PT J
AU Glasser, RT
Vogl, U
Lett, PD
AF Glasser, Ryan T.
Vogl, Ulrich
Lett, Paul D.
TI Demonstration of images with negative group velocities
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID PULSE-PROPAGATION; LIGHT-PROPAGATION; SLOW LIGHT
AB We report the experimental demonstration of the superluminal propagation of multi-spatial-mode images via four-wave mixing in hot atomic vapor, in which all spatial sub-regions propagate with negative group velocities. We investigate the spatial mode properties and temporal reshaping of the fast light images, and show large relative pulse peak advancements of up to 64% of the input pulse width. The degree of temporal reshaping is quantified and increases as the relative pulse peak advancement increases. When optimized for image quality or pulse advancement, negative group velocities of up to v(g) = -c/880 and v(g) = -c/2180, respectively, are demonstrated when integrating temporally over the entire image. The present results are applicable to temporal cloaking devices that require strong manipulation of the dispersion relation, where one can envision temporally cloaking various spatial regions of an image for different durations. Additionally, the modes involved in a four-wave mixing process similar to the present experiment have been shown to exhibit quantum correlations and entanglement. The results presented here provide insight into how to tailor experimental tests of the behavior of these quantum correlations and entanglement in the superluminal regime. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Glasser, Ryan T.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Glasser, RT (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rglasser@nist.gov
RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014
OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council
Research Associateship Award at NIST
FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
This research was performed while Ryan Glasser held a National Research
Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. Ulrich Vogl would like to
thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
NR 26
TC 17
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U1 0
U2 16
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD JUN 18
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 13
BP 13702
EP 13710
DI 10.1364/OE.20.013702
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 961NV
UT WOS:000305473000012
PM 22714436
ER
PT J
AU Cappelletti, RL
AF Cappelletti, R. L.
TI The acceleration of a neutron in a static electric field
SO PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutron; Acceleration; Electrostatic field; Magnetostatic field;
Aharonov-Casher phase
ID CASHER PHASE-SHIFT; DIPOLE MOMENT; CLASSICAL LAG; INTERFEROMETRY;
EXAMPLE
AB We show that when a non-relativistic neutron travels in a static electric field, the acceleration vector operator is perpendicular to the velocity operator. Kinetic energy is conserved. A spin-dependent field term in the canonical momentum gives rise to a non-dispersive contribution to the quantum mechanical (Aharonov-Casher) phase. This motion differs from that in a static magnetic field which has no field term in the canonical momentum and no conservation of kinetic energy. For the geometry of the Aharonov-Casher effect, there is no acceleration, while in Mott-Schwinger scattering, the acceleration causes a spin-dependent change in neutron direction. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cappelletti, RL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ron.cappelletti@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-9601
J9 PHYS LETT A
JI Phys. Lett. A
PD JUN 18
PY 2012
VL 376
IS 30-31
BP 2096
EP 2099
DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2012.05.026
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 956OQ
UT WOS:000305099400004
ER
PT J
AU London, JM
Hoef, JMV
Jeffries, SJ
Lance, MM
Boveng, PL
AF London, Josh M.
Hoef, Jay M. Ver
Jeffries, Steven J.
Lance, Monique M.
Boveng, Peter L.
TI Haul-Out Behavior of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in Hood Canal,
Washington
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID RICHARDSI; PATTERNS; ALASKA; CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; OREGON; DISTURBANCE;
TRENDS; ISLAND; SITE
AB The goal of this study was to model haul-out behavior of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Hood Canal region of Washington State with respect to changes in physiological, environmental, and temporal covariates. Previous research has provided a solid understanding of seal haul-out behavior. Here, we expand on that work using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with temporal autocorrelation and a large dataset. Our dataset included behavioral haul-out records from archival and VHF radio tag deployments on 25 individual seals representing 61,430 seal hours. A novel application for increased computational efficiency allowed us to examine this large dataset with a GLMM that appropriately accounts for temporal autocorellation. We found significant relationships with the covariates hour of day, day of year, minutes from high tide and year. Additionally, there was a significant effect of the interaction term hour of day : day of year. This interaction term demonstrated that seals are more likely to haul out during nighttime hours in August and September, but then switch to predominantly daylight haul-out patterns in October and November. We attribute this change in behavior to an effect of human disturbance levels. This study also examined a unique ecological event to determine the role of increased killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation on haul-out behavior. In 2003 and 2005 these harbor seals were exposed to unprecedented levels of killer whale predation and results show an overall increase in haul-out probability after exposure to killer whales. The outcome of this study will be integral to understanding any changes in population abundance as a result of increased killer whale predation.
C1 [London, Josh M.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver; Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Jeffries, Steven J.; Lance, Monique M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Tacoma, WA USA.
RP London, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM josh.london@noaa.gov
OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046
FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Washington Cooperative Fish
and Wildlife Research Unit; Alaska Fisheries Science Center's National
Marine Mammal Laboratory; United States Marine Mammal Commission;
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission; Northwest Fisheries Science
Center
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Washington
Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Washington Cooperative Fish and
Wildlife Research Unit and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's
National Marine Mammal Laboratory. The field component of the project
benefited greatly from the contributions of B. Murphie, S. Murphie, D.
Lambourn, A. Galloway and other members of the capture crew. Special
consideration goes to G. VanBlaricom for his advice and support as the
primary author's graduate advisor. M. Simpkins and J. Laake provided
valuable feedback during the analysis and manuscript preparation.; The
authors would like to acknowledge the financial and logistical support
from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Washington
Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and the Alaska Fisheries
Science Center's National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Signicant funding
was also provided by the United States Marine Mammal Commission, the
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission and the Northwest Fisheries
Science Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 37
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U1 1
U2 32
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 18
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 6
AR 38180
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038180
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 962XO
UT WOS:000305583300022
PM 22723851
ER
PT J
AU Borbon, A
Ruiz, M
Bechara, J
Aumont, B
Chong, M
Huntrieser, H
Mari, C
Reeves, CE
Scialom, G
Hamburger, T
Stark, H
Afif, C
Jambert, C
Mills, G
Schlager, H
Perros, PE
AF Borbon, Agnes
Ruiz, M.
Bechara, J.
Aumont, B.
Chong, M.
Huntrieser, H.
Mari, C.
Reeves, C. E.
Scialom, Georges
Hamburger, T.
Stark, H.
Afif, C.
Jambert, C.
Mills, G.
Schlager, H.
Perros, P. E.
TI Transport and chemistry of formaldehyde by mesoscale convective systems
in West Africa during AMMA 2006
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; MONSOON
MULTIDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; IN-SITU
MEASUREMENTS; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; MCM V3 PART; DEEP CONVECTION; WET
SEASON; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
AB In situ measurements of formaldehyde (CH2O) onboard four European research aircraft in August 2006 as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) experiment in West Africa are used (1) to examine the redistribution of CH2O by mesoscale convective systems (MCS) in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), (2) to evaluate the scavenging efficiency (SE) of CH2O by MCS and (3) to quantify the impact of CH2O on UT photooxidant production downwind of MCS. The intercomparison of CH2O measurements is first tested, providing a unique and consistent 3-D-spatially resolved CH2O database in background and convective conditions. While carbon monoxide (CO) is vertically uplifted by deep convection up to 12 km, CH2O is also affected by cloud processing as seen from its ratio relative to CO with altitude. A new observation-based model is established to quantify the SE of CH2O. This model shows that convective entrainment of free tropospheric air cannot be neglected since it contributes to 40% of the convective UT air. For the 4 studied MCS, SE shows a large variability within a 4% to 39% range at a relative standard deviation of 30%, which is consistent with MCS features. A time-dependent photochemical box model is applied to convective UT air. After convection, 60% of CH2O is due to its photochemical production rather than to its direct transport. Model results indicate that CH2O directly injected by convection does not impact ozone and HOx production in the tropical UT of West Africa. NOx and anthropogenic hydrocarbon precursors dominate the secondary production of CH2O, ozone and HOx.
C1 [Borbon, Agnes; Ruiz, M.; Bechara, J.; Aumont, B.; Afif, C.; Perros, P. E.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, FR-94010 Creteil, France.
[Borbon, Agnes; Ruiz, M.; Bechara, J.; Aumont, B.; Afif, C.; Perros, P. E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, FR-94010 Creteil, France.
[Chong, M.; Mari, C.; Jambert, C.] CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France.
[Chong, M.; Mari, C.; Jambert, C.] Univ Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
[Huntrieser, H.; Hamburger, T.; Schlager, H.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Reeves, C. E.; Mills, G.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Scialom, Georges] IPSL, Lab Atmospheres Milieux Observat Spatiales, Guyancourt, France.
[Stark, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Stark, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Afif, C.] Univ St Joseph, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Beirut, Lebanon.
RP Borbon, A (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, IPSL, CNRS,UMR 7583, 61 Av Gen Gaulle, FR-94010 Creteil, France.
EM agnes.borbon@lisa.u-pec.fr
RI Hamburger, Thomas/K-2599-2012
FU European Community; CIRES Visiting Fellow Program
FX Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international
scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies,
especially from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and
Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution
from the European Community Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed
information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the
AMMA International Web site at http://www.ammainternational.org. Agnes
Borbon was partly funded by the CIRES Visiting Fellow Program. Special
thanks are due to the English, French and German aircraft operators and
Earle Williams and Bryan Russell who kindly put the MIT Doppler radar
data collected during AMMA at the disposal of the scientific community.
Timothy Bertram, Ron Cohen and Paul Monks are thanked for providing the
INTEX-NA model initialization data and the j(NO2) data.
Discussions at the beginning of this work with Mary Barth, Eric Apel and
Chris Cantrell at NCAR and the Tropospheric Chemistry Group at the
Chemical Science Division at NOAA (Boulder, USA) were appreciated. We
are grateful to Alan Fried (NCAR) for his detailed comments on the
manuscript. Finally, the authors would like to thank the anonymous
reviewers for their comments to improve the quality of the manuscript.
NR 88
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U1 1
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 16
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D12301
DI 10.1029/2011JD017121
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 959WJ
UT WOS:000305348300002
ER
PT J
AU Overland, JE
Wang, MY
Wood, KR
Percival, DB
Bond, NA
AF Overland, James E.
Wang, Muyin
Wood, Kevin R.
Percival, Donald B.
Bond, Nicholas A.
TI Recent Bering Sea warm and cold events in a 95-year context
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; Climate change; Atmospheric patterns; Pacific Decadal
Oscillation
ID NORTH-PACIFIC; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; REGIME SHIFTS; ALEUTIAN LOW; RED
NOISE; MODELS
AB The meteorology and oceanography of the southeastern Bering Sea shelf was recently dominated by a multi-year warm event (2000-2005) followed by a multi-year cold event (2007-2010). We put these recent events into the context of the 95-year air temperature record from St. Paul Island and with concurrent spatial meteorological fields. For March 2000-2005 the mean air temperature anomaly at St. Paul was 2.1 degrees C above the long-term mean, and for March 2007-2010 the mean temperature anomaly at St. Paul was 4.7 degrees C below the long-term mean. The only multi-year temperature deviations comparable to the first decade of the 2000s are a cold event from 1971 to 1976 followed by a warm event from 1978 to 1983. There was also a short warm event 1935-1937. The temperature transition between warm and cold events in the 1970s and 2000s took two years. While there are theoretical arguments for some physical memory processes in the North Pacific climate system, we cannot rule out that the recent warm and cold events are of a random nature: they are rare in the St. Paul temperature record, they are dominated by North Pacific-wide sea level pressure events rather than local Bering Sea processes, and they are consistent with a red noise model of climate variability. The 1970s transition appears to have an ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) influence, while the recent events are likely connected to Arctic-wide warming. Evidence provided by the 95-year St. Paul meteorological record reinforces the idea that a red-noise model of climate variability is appropriate for the North Pacific and southeastern Bering Sea. We stress the importance of relatively rare sub-decadal events and shifts, rather than multi-decadal variability associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Thus, in the future we can expect large positive and negative excursions in the region that can last for multiple years, but there is as yet little predictability for their timing and duration. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Wang, Muyin; Wood, Kevin R.; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Percival, Donald B.] Univ Washington, APL, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 6
EP 13
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.013
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200002
ER
PT J
AU Stabeno, PJ
Farley, EV
Kachel, NB
Moore, S
Mordy, CW
Napp, JM
Overland, JE
Pinchuk, AI
Sigler, MF
AF Stabeno, Phyllis J.
Farley, Edward V., Jr.
Kachel, Nancy B.
Moore, Sue
Mordy, Calvin W.
Napp, Jeffrey M.
Overland, James E.
Pinchuk, Alexei I.
Sigler, Michael F.
TI A comparison of the physics of the northern and southern shelves of the
eastern Bering Sea and some implications for the ecosystem
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; Ecosystem; Climate; Hydrography; Sea ice; Zooplankton;
Whales; Fish
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CHUKCHI SEAS;
OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; CETACEAN DISTRIBUTION; MARINE ECOSYSTEM;
SOUTHEASTERN; CIRCULATION; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE
AB Sufficient oceanographic measurements have been made in recent years to describe the latitudinal variation in the physics of the eastern Bering Sea shelf and the potential impact of climate change on the species assemblages in the two ecosystems (north and south). Many of the predicted ecosystem changes will result from alterations in the timing and extent of sea ice. It is predicted that the sea ice in the northern Bering Sea will be less common in May, but will continue to be extensive through April. In contrast, the southern shelf will have, on average, much less sea ice than currently observed, but with large interannual and multiyear variability until at least 2050. Thus, even under current climate warming scenarios, bottom temperatures on the northern shelf will remain cold. Based on biophysical measurements, the southern and northern ecosystems were divided by a North South Transition at similar to 60 degrees N. The northern middle shelf was characterized by a freshwater lens at the surface, cold bottom temperatures, and a thicker pycnocline than found on the southern shelf. Subsurface phytoplankton blooms were common. In contrast, the southern shelf stratification was largely determined by temperature alone; the pycnocline was thin (often <3 m) and subsurface blooms were uncommon. Biological responses to climate warming could include greater north south differences in zooplankton community structure, the transport of large Outer Shelf Domain crustacean zooplankton to the middle shelf, and the disappearance of two principal prey taxa (Calanus spp. and Thysanoessa spp.) of planktivorous fish, seabirds and whales. The response of commercially and ecologically important fish species is predicted to vary. Some species of fish (e.g., juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka) may expand their summer range into the northern Bering Sea; some (e.g., pink salmon, O. gorbuscha) may increase in abundance while still other species (e.g., walleye pollock and arrowtooth flounder; Theragra chalcogramma and Atheresthes stomias, respectively) are unlikely to become common in the north. The projected warming of the southern shelf will limit the distribution of arctic species (e.g., snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio) to the northern shelf and will likely permit expansion of subarctic species into the southern Bering Sea. The distribution and abundance of baleen whales will respond to shifts in prey availability; for instance, if prey are advected northward from the southeastern Bering Sea, an extension of range and an increase in seasonally migratory baleen whale numbers is anticipated. Thus, alteration of this ecosystem in response to climate change is expected to result in something other than a simple northward shift in the distribution of all species. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Farley, Edward V., Jr.; Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA.
[Kachel, Nancy B.; Mordy, Calvin W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Moore, Sue] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Seward Marine Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
NR 66
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 14
EP 30
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.019
PG 17
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200003
ER
PT J
AU Stabeno, PJ
Kachel, NB
Moore, SE
Napp, JM
Sigler, M
Yamaguchi, A
Zerbini, AN
AF Stabeno, Phyllis J.
Kachel, Nancy B.
Moore, Sue E.
Napp, Jeffrey M.
Sigler, Michael
Yamaguchi, Atsushi
Zerbini, Alexandre N.
TI Comparison of warm and cold years on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf
and some implications for the ecosystem
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; Interannual variability; Ocean currents; Ecosystem; Climate;
Zooplankton
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; COPEPODS; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; ENVIRONMENT;
ABUNDANCE
AB The southeastern, middle shelf of the Bering Sea has exhibited extreme variability in sea ice extent, temperature, and the distribution and abundance of species at multiple trophic levels over the past four decades. From 1972-2000, there was high interannual variability of areal extent of sea ice during spring (March-April). In 2000, this shifted to a 5-year (2001-2005) period of low ice extent during spring, which transitioned to a 4-year (2007-2010) period of extensive sea ice. High (low) areal extent of sea ice in spring was associated with cold (warm) water column temperatures for the following 6-7 months. The ocean currents also differed between warm and cold years. During cold years, the monthly-mean currents over the shelf were largely westward, while in warm years the direction of currents was more variable, with northward flow during December-February and relatively weak flow during the remainder of the year. The types and abundance of zooplankton differed sharply between warm and cold years. This was especially true during the prolonged warm period (2001-2005) and cold period (2007-2010), and was less evident during the years of high interannual variability. During the warm period, there was a lack of large copepods and euphausiids over the shelf; however, their populations rebounded during cold period. Small crustacean zooplankton taxa did not appear to vary between and warm and cold years. For both walleye pollock and Pacific cod, year-class strength (recruitment) was low during the prolonged warm period, but improved during the following cold period. Year-class strength did not appear to vary as a function of warm and cold years during the period of high year-to-year variability. Also, recruitment of arrowtooth flounder (a predator of pollock and cod) did not appear influenced by the warm or cold years. Finally, the distribution and relative abundance of fin whales appeared to differ in warm and cold years, with fewer whales on the southeastern, middle shelf during warm years. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Kachel, Nancy B.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Moore, Sue E.] NOAA Fisheries Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Sigler, Michael] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Yamaguchi, Atsushi] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Marine Biol Lab, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan.
[Zerbini, Alexandre N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
RI Yamaguchi, Atsushi/A-8613-2012; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012
NR 61
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U1 7
U2 49
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 31
EP 45
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.020
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200004
ER
PT J
AU Wang, MY
Overland, JE
Stabeno, P
AF Wang, Muyin
Overland, James E.
Stabeno, Phyllis
TI Future climate of the Bering and Chukchi Seas projected by global
climate models
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate models; Regional climate projections; Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea
ID ECOSYSTEM; NORTHERN; SHELF
AB Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) are a major tool used by scientists to study the complex interaction of processes that control climate and climate change. Projections from these models for the 21st century are the basis for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we use simulations from this set of climate models developed for the IPCC AR4 to provide a regional assessment of sea ice extent, sea surface temperature (SST), and surface air temperature (SAT) critical to future marine ecosystems in the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea. To reduce uncertainties associated with the model projections, a two-step model culling technique is applied based on comparison to 20th century observations. For the Chukchi Sea, data and model projections show major September sea ice extent reduction compared to the 20th century beginning now, with nearly sea ice free conditions before mid-century. Earlier sea ice loss continues throughout fall with major loss in December before the end of the 21st century. By 2050, for the eastern Bering Sea, spring sea ice extent (average of March to May) would be 58% of its recent values (1980-1999 mean). December will become increasingly sea ice free over the next 40 years. The Bering Sea will continue to show major interannual variability in sea ice extent and SST. The majority of models had no systematic bias in their 20th century simulated regional SAT, an indication that the models may provide considerable credibility for the Bering and the Chukchi Sea ecosystem projections. Largest air temperature increases are in fall (November to December) for both the Chukchi and the Bering Sea, with increases by 2050 of 3 degrees C for the Bering Sea and increases in excess of 5 degrees C for the Chukchi Sea. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Overland, James E.; Stabeno, Phyllis] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM muyin.wang@noaa.gov; James.e.overland@noaa.gov; Phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014
NR 18
TC 43
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U1 2
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 46
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.022
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200005
ER
PT J
AU Ladd, C
Stabeno, PJ
AF Ladd, Carol
Stabeno, Phyllis J.
TI Stratification on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf revisited
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Stratification; Mixed layer depth; USA; Alaska; Bering Sea
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS; AGE-0
WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTH PACIFIC; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MIDDLE SHELF; BRISTOL-BAY
AB The timing and magnitude of stratification can have profound influences on the marine ecosystem. On the Eastern Bering Sea shelf, in the absence of strong wind mixing, stratification can be initiated by the melting of seasonal sea ice or by springtime warming of the surface. Temperature and salinity both influence the stratification of the Eastern Bering Sea shelf with their relative importance varying spatially and temporally. In the northern middle shelf domain (north of similar to 60 degrees N), salinity stratification is often as important as temperature stratification. On the southern middle shelf, while the influence of temperature on stratification dominates during summer, the influence of salinity stratification plays a role in the interannual variability. Mooring 2 (M2; 56.9 degrees N, 164.1 degrees W) has been deployed at similar to 70 m depth in the southern middle shelf domain since 1995. Data from this mooring show that stratification typically begins to set up in May and to break down in September/October, but these dates can vary by > 30 d. While no trend is found in the timing of the spring setup, the fall stratification breakdown exhibited a trend toward later breakdown (similar to 2 d later per year from 1996 to 2009). Results suggest that it may be difficult to forecast stratification on the Eastern Bering Sea shelf from climate models as simple indices of wind mixing or heat fluxes are not correlated with stratification. Contrary to intuition, the strength of summer stratification is not correlated with depth averaged temperature. Warm years such as 2000 and 2001 can have low stratification and cold years such as 2007 can have very high stratification. This decoupling of stratification and temperature has implications for forecasting the ecosystem in the face of climate change, as we cannot assume that projections of a warmer climate simply imply higher stratification in the future. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Ladd, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov
RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X
NR 61
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 72
EP 83
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.009
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200007
ER
PT J
AU Mordy, CW
Cokelet, ED
Ladd, C
Menzia, FA
Proctor, P
Stabeno, PJ
Wisegarver, E
AF Mordy, Calvin W.
Cokelet, Edward D.
Ladd, Carol
Menzia, Frederick A.
Proctor, Peter
Stabeno, Phyllis J.
Wisegarver, Eric
TI Net community production on the middle shelf of the eastern Bering Sea
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; Nutrients; Net community production; Nitrate; Phosphate;
Ammonium
ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; NITRATE UPTAKE; ECOSYSTEM; PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN;
VARIABILITY; PATTERNS; DENITRIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON
AB To estimate temporal changes of nutrients and calculate the seasonal net community production (NCP) on the eastern shelf of the Bering Sea, hydrographic sampling along the 70-m isobath of the middle shelf was conducted in spring (2007-2009), summer (2008-2009), and fall (2007). These were cold years, with sea ice covering much of the eastern Bering Sea in April. Each spring, there was a region with relatively low nitrate in the middle portion (59 degrees-60 degrees N) of the transect prior to the spring phytoplankton bloom. This water appeared to have originated in the coastal domain and was advected offshore into the middle domain. Seasonal NCP (mean +/- standard deviation) in this region was low (26 +/- 12 g C m(-2)), and may be indicative of a portion of the middle shelf ecosystem that is chronically short of fixed carbon in spring. In 2007, the post-bloom cruise occurred during the fall transition when deep mixing, remineralization, and denitrification/anammox compromised seasonal estimates of NCP. In other years (2008-2009), the post-bloom cruise occurred in summer. On those cruises, the euphotic zone, elevated chlorophyll fluorescence, and oxygen supersaturation were occasionally deeper than the pycnocline, and there was a seasonal loss of nitrate and phosphate in the bottom layer. In 2008, preferential uptake of ammonium may have sustained sub-surface production in the north. Therefore, seasonal estimates of NCP were not only evaluated in the upper mixed layer, but throughout the water column. During summer, denitrification/anammox in bottom waters did not appear to compromise seasonal estimates of NCP. Seasonal NCP averaged for 2008 and 2009 was slightly but significantly higher (p<0.0041) in the south (47 +/- 9 g C m(-2), n=80) than in the north (41 +/- 16 g C m(-2), n=78). In the south, interannual variability of seasonal NCP was related to the wind mixing in spring rather than the presence or absence of ice. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mordy, Calvin W.; Menzia, Frederick A.; Proctor, Peter] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Cokelet, Edward D.; Ladd, Carol; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Wisegarver, Eric] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Mordy, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE,Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM mordy@u.washington.edu; Edward.D.Cokelet@noaa.gov; Carol.Ladd@noaa.gov;
Fred.Menzia@noaa.gov; Peter.Proctor@noaa.gov; Phyllis.Stabeno@noaa.gov;
Eric.Wisegarver@noaa.gov
RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014
OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X
NR 37
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 25
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 110
EP 125
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.012
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200010
ER
PT J
AU Lomas, MW
Moran, SB
Casey, JR
Bell, DW
Tiahlo, M
Whitefield, J
Kelly, RP
Mathis, JT
Cokelet, ED
AF Lomas, M. W.
Moran, S. B.
Casey, J. R.
Bell, D. W.
Tiahlo, M.
Whitefield, J.
Kelly, R. P.
Mathis, J. T.
Cokelet, E. D.
TI Spatial and seasonal variability of primary production on the Eastern
Bering Sea shelf
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bering Sea; Primary production; Seasonal variability; VGPM primary
production model
ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; TIME-SERIES STATION; SARGASSO SEA; SPRING
BLOOM; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY; BIOGENIC CARBON; WATER-COLUMN; OCEAN;
ECOSYSTEM; SIZE
AB Spatial and seasonal variability in net primary production (NPP) is reported for the Eastern Bering Sea shelf in spring and summer 2008 and 2009. Euphotic zone integrated NPP in the spring, estimated from simulated in situ C-14-incubations, varied similar to 30-fold across the northern and southern regions of the Inner, Middle, and Outer domains of the shelf. During spring, rates were lowest and similar in the North and South region of the Inner domain, while the highest rates were in the Southern region of the Outer domain as a result of extensive ice-edge phytoplankton blooms. Generally, phytoplankton integrated chlorophyll (Chl-a) standing stocks were dominated (>50%) by large (>5 mu m) cells. With the exception of the southern Middle domain, integrated rates of NPP were consistently lower in summer than spring, while there was no consistent pattern in changes in integrated Chl-a. Conversely, phytoplankton growth rates (mu) were lower in spring (0.22 +/- 0.09 d(-1)) than summer (0.42 +/- 0.17 d(-1)), consistent with a seasonal shift from a biomass-controlled production system to a growth-rate controlled production system. Associated with this shift in control was a decrease in the size distribution of chlorophyll from similar to 60% of the Chl-a >5 mu m in the spring to similar to 30% of the Chl-a > 5 mu m in the summer. Despite the widespread distribution of stations, these observations highlight the variable nature of NPP in the Bering Sea, which makes the estimation of seasonal or annual rates in any domain or across the entire shelf difficult, if not impossible, on direct observations alone. A vertically generalized productivity model (VGPM) was used to assimilate the more extensive underway dataset from two cruises to improve the spatial distribution of calculated NPP included in the regional estimates of NPP. The VGPM output captured similar to 83% of the variance in measured C-14 production, accurately estimated observed NPP (Model II regression slope +/- stdev.; 0.92 +/- 0.06), and allowed for a better constrained estimation of shelf-wide productivity due to higher data density in each region/domain. These results, when combined with published data on shelf-wide productivity suggest that the ecosystem response to climate change (whether an increase or decrease in productivity) would have to exceed a factor of two from mean conditions before being detectable from a comparable survey effort. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lomas, M. W.; Casey, J. R.; Bell, D. W.; Tiahlo, M.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Biol Stn 17, St Georges GE01, Bermuda.
[Moran, S. B.; Kelly, R. P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Whitefield, J.; Mathis, J. T.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
[Cokelet, E. D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Lomas, MW (reprint author), Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Biol Stn 17, St Georges GE01, Bermuda.
EM Michael.Lomas@bios.edu; moran@gso.uri.edu; jrcasey@hawaii.edu;
Doug.Bell@bios.edu; tiahlo@college.usc.edu;
jonathan.whitefield@gmail.com; rokelly@gso.uri.edu;
jmathis@sfos.uaf.edu; Edward.D.Cokelet@noaa.gov
RI Casey, John/A-9448-2013;
OI Casey, John/0000-0002-8630-0551; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753
NR 86
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 39
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 126
EP 140
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.010
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200011
ER
PT J
AU Ressler, PH
De Robertis, A
Warren, JD
Smith, JN
Kotwicki, S
AF Ressler, Patrick H.
De Robertis, Alex
Warren, Joseph D.
Smith, Joy N.
Kotwicki, Stan
TI Developing an acoustic survey of euphausiids to understand trophic
interactions in the Bering Sea ecosystem
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE USA; Alaska; Bering Sea; Walleye pollock; Euphausiids; Acoustic survey;
54 degrees N; 64 degrees N; 155 degrees W; 185 degrees W
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS;
TARGET-STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS;
IMPROVED PARAMETERIZATION; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; FISHERY RESEARCH;
ABUNDANCE; VARIABILITY
AB Euphausiids (principally Thysanoessa spp.) are a key group of organisms in the Bering Sea ecosystem, linking production at lower trophic levels to top predators and important commercial fish stocks such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Here, we combine multifrequency acoustic survey methods, physics-based models of euphausiid backscatter, and net sampling to provide a means of monitoring the status and trends of euphausiid standing stock biomass on the Bering Sea shelf. Observations made using this approach during six summers (2004 and 2006-2010) indicate that standing stocks of euphausiids and pollock were inversely correlated over time as well as in space across the continental shelf. First-order calculations show that when pollock abundance was at its peak during these years, the pollock stock could have consumed 10-87% of the euphausiid standing stock between May and September. We hypothesize that predation by pollock is a significant top-down control on euphausiid standing stock in this system. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Ressler, Patrick H.; De Robertis, Alex; Kotwicki, Stan] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Warren, Joseph D.; Smith, Joy N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA.
RP Ressler, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM patrick.ressler@noaa.gov; alex.derobertis@noaa.gov;
joe.warren@stonybrook.edu; jonsmith@ic.sunysb.edu;
stan.kotwicki@noaa.gov
NR 87
TC 47
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 184
EP 195
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.015
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200015
ER
PT J
AU Smart, TI
Duffy-Anderson, JT
Horne, JK
Farley, EV
Wilson, CD
Napp, JM
AF Smart, Tracey I.
Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.
Horne, John K.
Farley, Edward V.
Wilson, Christopher D.
Napp, Jeffrey M.
TI Influence of environment on walleye pollock eggs, larvae, and juveniles
in the southeastern Bering Sea
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Walleye pollock; Early life stages; Environmental conditions;
Generalized additive models; Theragra chalcogramma; Bering Sea
ID SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SHELIKOF STRAIT; FEEDING
CONDITIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALASKA; GULF; FISH;
RECRUITMENT
AB We examined the influence of environmental conditions on walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) early life history in discrete stages at two ecological scales using a 17-year time series from the southeastern Bering Sea. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to quantify relationships between walleye pollock stages (eggs, yolksac larvae, preflexion larvae, late larvae, and juveniles), the fine-resolution environment (temperature, wind speed, salinity, and copepod concentration), and the broad-resolution environment (annual spawning stock biomass, temperature, zooplankton biomass, and wind mixing). Early stages (eggs, yolksac larvae, and preflexion larvae) were associated with high spawning stock biomass, while late stages (late larvae and juveniles) were not associated with spawning stock biomass. The influence of temperature increased with ontogeny: high egg abundance was associated with temperatures from -2 to 7 degrees C and negative annual temperature anomalies and high juvenile abundance was associated with temperatures from 4 to 12 degrees C and positive temperature anomalies. Winds enhanced the transport of early stages from spawning locations to shallower sampling depths, but did not affect feeding stages (preflexion larvae, late larvae, and juveniles) in a manner consistent with the encounter-turbulence hypothesis. Feeding stages were positively associated with localized copepod concentrations but not zooplankton biomass anomaly, suggesting that the localized measurements of potential prey is a better indicator compared to broad-scale conditions measured in areas where these stages do not necessarily occur. Broad-resolution covariates, however, explained a greater portion of the overall variation than did fine-resolution models. Of the environmental conditions examined, temperature explained more variation in abundance of walleye pollock early life stages than any other covariate. Temperature is likely a major driving force structuring variability in populations of walleye pollock in their first year of life, acting directly upon them and indirectly upon their physical habitat and prey community. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Smart, Tracey I.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, RACE Div, Recruitment Proc Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Farley, Edward V.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Smart, TI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM tis@u.washington.edu; janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov;
jhorne@u.washington.edu; ed.farley@noaa.gov; chris.wilson@noaa.gov;
jeff.napp@noaa.gov
NR 52
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 53
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 196
EP 207
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.018
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200016
ER
PT J
AU Bacheler, NM
Ciannelli, L
Bailey, KM
Bartolino, V
AF Bacheler, Nathan M.
Ciannelli, Lorenzo
Bailey, Kevin M.
Bartolino, Valerio
TI Do walleye pollock exhibit flexibility in where or when they spawn based
on variability in water temperature?
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Reproduction; Bering Sea; Ichthyoplankton; Generalized additive model;
Sea surface temperature; Global climate change
ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT;
ECOSYSTEM; ECOLOGY
AB Environmental variability is increasingly recognized as a primary determinant of year-class strength of marine fishes by directly or indirectly influencing egg and larval development, growth, and survival. Here we examined the role of annual water temperature variability in determining when and where walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) spawn in the eastern Bering Sea. Walleye pollock spawning was examined using both long-term ichthyoplankton data (N=19 years), as well as with historical spatially explicit, foreign-reported, commercial catch data occurring during the primary walleye pollock spawning season (February-May) each year (N=22 years in total). We constructed variable-coefficient generalized additive models (GAMs) to relate the spatially explicit egg or adult catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) to predictor variables including spawning stock biomass, season, position, and water temperature. The adjusted R-2 value was 63.1% for the egg CPUE model and 35.5% for the adult CPUE model.
Both egg and adult GAMs suggest that spawning progresses seasonally from Bogoslof Island in February and March to Outer Domain waters between the Pribilof and Unimak Islands by May. Most importantly, walleye pollock egg and adult CPUE was predicted to generally increase throughout the study area as mean annual water temperature increased. These results suggest low interannual variability in the spatial and temporal dynamics of walleye pollock spawning regardless of changes in environmental conditions, at least at the spatial scale examined in this study and within the time frame of decades. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bacheler, Nathan M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Bartolino, Valerio] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Resources, S-45330 Lysekil, Sweden.
[Bartolino, Valerio] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Bacheler, NM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM nate.bacheler@noaa.gov; lciannelli@coas.oregonstate.edu;
kevin.bailey@noaa.gov; valerio.bartolino@gmail.com
OI Bartolino, Valerio/0000-0002-4506-4329
NR 45
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 208
EP 216
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.001
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200017
ER
PT J
AU De Robertis, A
Cokelet, ED
AF De Robertis, Alex
Cokelet, Edward D.
TI Distribution of fish and macrozooplankton in ice-covered and open-water
areas of the eastern Bering Sea
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustics; Eastern Bering Sea; Sea ice; Temperature; Walleye pollock;
Theragra chalcogramma; Icebreaker
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; WALLEYE
POLLOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA;
ANTARCTIC KRILL; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; RECRUITMENT
AB The eastern Bering Sea shelf is a productive ecosystem with extensive commercial fisheries. Although the area is well-studied during summer months, little is known about the abundance and distribution of fish and macrozooplankton during periods of seasonal ice cover. The use of an icebreaker during the Bering Sea Ecosystem Study (BEST) provided a platform for spring acoustic surveys of fish and zooplankton in ice-covered areas for the first time. Icebreaker measurements were complemented with observations from conventional vessels during spring and summer. In spring, very little backscatter from fish (dominated by walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma) was observed in the ice-covered northern areas where near-bottom waters were cold ( 37 km). Both seabird species, regardless of foraging mode, were associated with age-1 pollock but not with euphausiids, even though age-1 pollock were less persistent than euphausiids. The higher travel cost central place foragers, thick-billed murres, foraged at prey concentrations nearer their island colonies than black-legged kittiwakes, which were more widespread foragers. Humpback whales were not tied to a central place and mostly were located only where euphausiids were concentrated, and further, often in locations where these concentrations were persistent. Fin whales were associated with locations where age-1 pollock were more likely, similar to black-legged kittiwakes and thick-billed murres, but their association with euphausiids was unclear. Our results suggest that a predator's foraging mode and their restrictions during breeding affect their response to prey persistence. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Sigler, Michael F.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Ressler, Patrick H.; Friday, Nancy A.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Zerbini, Alexandre N.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Mike.Sigler@noaa.gov; Kathy_Kuletz@fws.gov; Patrick.Ressler@noaa.gov;
Nancy.Friday@noaa.gov; Chris.Wilson@noaa.gov; Alex.Zerbini@noaa.gov
RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012
NR 50
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 28
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 65-70
SI SI
BP 292
EP 303
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.017
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970QU
UT WOS:000306148200023
ER
PT J
AU Shen, SSP
Lee, CK
Lawrimore, J
AF Shen, Samuel S. P.
Lee, Christine K.
Lawrimore, Jay
TI Uncertainties, Trends, and Hottest and Coldest Years of US Surface Air
Temperature since 1895: An Update Based on the USHCN V2 TOB Data
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID HISTORICAL CLIMATOLOGY NETWORK; TIME-SERIES; MINIMUM; MAXIMUM
AB This paper estimates the sampling error variances of gridded monthly U.S. Historical Climatology Network, version 2 (USHCN V2), time-of-observation-biases (TOB)-adjusted data. The analysis of mean surface air temperature (SAT) assesses uncertainties, trends, and the rankings of the hottest and coldest years for the contiguous United States in the period of 1895-2008. Data from the USHCN stations are aggregated onto a 2.5 degrees x 3.5 degrees latitude-longitude grid by an arithmetic mean of the stations inside a grid box. The sampling error variances of the gridded monthly data are estimated for every month and every grid box with data. The gridded data and their sampling error variances are used to calculate the contiguous U.S. averages and their trends and associated uncertainties. The sampling error variances are smaller (mostly less than 0.2 degrees C-2) over the eastern United States, where the station density is greater and larger (with values of 1.3 degrees C-2 for some grid boxes in the earlier period) over mountain and coastal areas. In the period of 1895-2008, every month from January to December has a positive linear trend. February has the largest trend of 0.162 degrees C (10 yr)(-1), and September has the smallest trend at 0.020 degrees C (10 yr)(-1). The three hottest (coldest) years measured by the mean SAT over the United States were ranked as 1998, 2006, and 1934 (1917, 1895, and 1912).
C1 [Shen, Samuel S. P.; Lee, Christine K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Lawrimore, Jay] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Shen, SSP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM shen@math.sdsu.edu
FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [EL133E09SE4048];
U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1015926, AGS-1015957]; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-SC002763]
FX This study was supported in part by the U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (Award EL133E09SE4048), the U.S. National
Science Foundation (Awards AGS-1015926 and AGS-1015957), and the U.S.
Department of Energy (Award DE-SC002763). Alex Weithmann, Tobias Regele,
Max Velado, Julien Pierret, David New, and Olaf Wied helped to produce
some figures. Discussion with Barbara Bailey was very helpful. We thank
the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions that helped to
significantly improve the quality of this paper.
NR 40
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 12
BP 4185
EP 4203
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00102.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 969GL
UT WOS:000306043600013
ER
PT J
AU Arias, PA
Fu, R
Mo, KC
AF Arias, Paola A.
Fu, Rong
Mo, Kingtse C.
TI Decadal Variation of Rainfall Seasonality in the North American Monsoon
Region and Its Potential Causes
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; SUMMER
PRECIPITATION REGIME; LAND-SURFACE CONDITIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY;
MEXICAN MONSOON; NCAR CCM3; US; SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY
AB This study shows that the North American monsoon system's (NAMS) strength, onset, and retreat over northwestern Mexico exhibit multidecadal variations during the period 1948-2009. Two dry regimes, associated with late onsets, early retreats, and weaker rainfall rates, occurred in 1948-70 and 1991-2005, whereas a strong regime, associated with early onsets, late retreats, and stronger rainfall rates, occurred in 1971-90. A recovery of the monsoon strength was observed after 2005. This multidecadal variation is linked to the sea surface temperature anomalies' (SSTAs) variability, which is a combination of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and the warming SST trends. These SST modes appear to cause an anomalous cyclonic circulation and enhanced rainfall over the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico, which in turn increases the atmospheric stability over the monsoon region. However, these SST modes cannot fully explain the circulation and rainfall anomalies observed during the early-retreat monsoons. An expansion of the North Atlantic surface high (NASH) in recent decades also contributes to the anomalous circulation associated with the early retreats of the NAMS. A northwestward expansion of the NASH further enhances the anomalous cyclonic circulation and rainfall over the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Its associated northwestward shift of the subtropical jets over the western United States enhances subsidence over the NAMS region. The combined effects of the AMO, the warming trends, and the NASH expansion on atmospheric circulation contribute to a stronger and more persistent earlier retreat during the recent dry regime (1991-2005), while the earlier dry regime (1948-70) appears to be only influenced by the positive phase of the AMO.
C1 [Arias, Paola A.] Univ Antioquia, Fac Ingn, Grp Ingn & Gest Ambiental, Medellin 1226, Colombia.
[Arias, Paola A.; Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA.
[Mo, Kingtse C.] Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Arias, PA (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Fac Ingn, Grp Ingn & Gest Ambiental, Medellin 1226, Colombia.
EM paoariasg@gmail.com
RI Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011
FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0937400]; NOAA Climate Program Office
Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) [NA10OAR4310157]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant
AGS-0937400) and the NOAA Climate Program Office Climate Prediction
Program for the Americas (CPPA) (Grant NA10OAR4310157). We sincerely
appreciate the insightful suggestions from Renguang Wu, Dave Gochis, and
an anonymous reviewer. We also thank Robert Dickinson and Cesar Pasten
for their help with this manuscript.
NR 54
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 12
BP 4258
EP 4274
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00140.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 969GL
UT WOS:000306043600017
ER
PT J
AU Lubbecke, JF
McPhaden, MJ
AF Luebbecke, Joke F.
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI On the Inconsistent Relationship between Pacific and Atlantic Ninos
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE
TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; OCEAN; ENSO; CIRCULATION; MODEL;
OSCILLATION
AB The tropical Atlantic wind response to El Nino forcing is robust, with weakened northeast trade winds north of the equator and strengthened southeast trade winds along and south of the equator. However, the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Atlantic is inconsistent, with El Nino events followed sometimes by warm and other times by cold boreal summer anomalies in the Atlantic cold tongue region. Using observational data and a hindcast simulation of the Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO) global model at 0.5 degrees resolution (NEMO-ORCA05), this inconsistent SST relationship is shown to be at least partly attributable to a delayed negative feedback in the tropical Atlantic that is active in years with a warm or neutral response in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. In these years, the boreal spring warming in the northern tropical Atlantic that is a typical response to El Nino is pronounced, setting up a strong meridional SST gradient. This leads to a negative wind stress curl anomaly to the north of the equator that generates downwelling Rossby waves. When these waves reach the western boundary, they are reflected into downwelling equatorial Kelvin waves that reach the cold tongue region in late boreal summer to counteract the initial cooling that is due to the boreal winter wind stress response to El Nino. In contrast, this initial cooling persists or is amplified in years in which the boreal spring northern tropical Atlantic warming is weak or absent either because of a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase or an early termination of the Pacific El Nino event.
C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), PMEL OCRD BLDG 3,7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM joke.luebbecke@noaa.gov
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016
OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284
FU National Research Council at NOAA/PMEL; DFG [SFB754]
FX This research was partly performed while the first author held a
National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL.
This work is a contribution of the DFG-supported project SFB754
(www.sfb754.de). The OGCM simulation was kindly provided by Arne
Biastoch and performed at the Kiel University Computing Center. The
authors thank Billy Kessler for running the modal decomposition routine.
The helpful comments from an anonymous reviewer are greatly
acknowledged.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 12
BP 4294
EP 4303
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00553.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 969GL
UT WOS:000306043600019
ER
PT J
AU Liebmann, B
Blade, I
Kiladis, GN
Carvalho, LMV
Senay, GB
Allured, D
Leroux, S
Funk, C
AF Liebmann, Brant
Blade, Ileana
Kiladis, George N.
Carvalho, Leila M. V.
Senay, Gabriel B.
Allured, Dave
Leroux, Stephanie
Funk, Chris
TI Seasonality of African Precipitation from 1996 to 2009
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; WEST-AFRICA; RAINY-SEASON; SUMMER MONSOON;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL FLUCTUATIONS; EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS;
GROWING-SEASON; EAST-AFRICA; DYNAMICS
AB A precipitation climatology of Africa is documented using 12 years of satellite-derived daily data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The focus is on examining spatial variations in the annual cycle and describing characteristics of the wet season(s) using a consistent, objective, and well-tested methodology. Onset is defined as occurring when daily precipitation consistently exceeds its local annual daily average and ends when precipitation systematically drops below that value. Wet season length, rate, and total are then determined. Much of Africa is characterized by a single summer wet season, with a well-defined onset and end, during which most precipitation falls. Exceptions to the single wet season regime occur mostly near the equator, where two wet periods are usually separated by a period of relatively modest precipitation. Another particularly interesting region is the semiarid to arid eastern Horn of Africa, where there are two short wet seasons separated by nearly dry periods. Chiefly, the summer monsoon spreads poleward from near the equator in both hemispheres, although in southern Africa the wet season progresses northwestward from the southeast coast. Composites relative to onset are constructed for selected points in West Africa and in the eastern Horn of Africa. In each case, onset is often preceded by the arrival of an eastward-propagating precipitation disturbance. Comparisons are made with the satellite-based Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and gauge-based Famine Early Warning System (FEWS NET) datasets. GPCP estimates are generally higher than TRMM in the wettest parts of Africa, but the timing of the annual cycle and average onset dates are largely consistent.
C1 [Liebmann, Brant] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain.
[Funk, Chris] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Climate Hazards Grp, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Senay, Gabriel B.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[Leroux, Stephanie] NOAA, ESRL, Natl Res Council, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Brant.Liebmann@noaa.gov
RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012
FU NOAA CPO MAPP [NA100AR4310170, GC10-685]; Spanish MICINN [CGL2009-06944
DEVIAJE]
FX The authors appreciate the excellent suggestions from both anonymous
reviewers. We also acknowledge partial support from NOAA CPO MAPP
Projects NA100AR4310170 and GC10-685. Author IB was funded by Grant
CGL2009-06944 DEVIAJE of the Spanish MICINN.
NR 44
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U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 12
BP 4304
EP 4322
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00157.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 969GL
UT WOS:000306043600020
ER
PT J
AU Nowak, K
Hoerling, M
Rajagopalan, B
Zagona, E
AF Nowak, Kenneth
Hoerling, Martin
Rajagopalan, Balaji
Zagona, Edith
TI Colorado River Basin Hydroclimatic Variability
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL
OSCILLATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; PACIFIC DECADAL
OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; LA-NINA;
INTERDECADAL CHANGES
AB An analysis of annual hydroclimatic variability in the Upper Colorado River basin (UCRB) for the period of 1906-2006 was performed to understand the dominant modes of multidecadal variability. First, wavelet-based spectral analysis was employed for streamflow at Lees Ferry, Arizona (aggregate location for UCRB flow), which identified two significant modes: a "low frequency" (similar to 64-yr period) mode and a strong "decadal" (similar to 15-yr period) component active only in recent decades. Subsequent investigation of temperature and precipitation data for the UCRB indicated that the low-frequency variability is associated with temperature via modulation of runoff efficiency while the decadal is strongly tied to moisture delivery. Simple hydrology and climate model experiments are also provided to support the aforementioned findings.
Correlation of UCRB precipitation with global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies showed a strong link with the equatorial and northern Pacific during periods of heightened variability of the decadal mode. The correlation of UCRB temperature with global SST anomalies showed strongest values in the Atlantic consistent with the Atlantic rnultidecadal oscillation mode. Wavelet spectral analysis of paleo-reconstructed streamflow at Lees Ferry shows both the low-frequency and decadal flow variability features. Furthermore, the strength of the decadal mode is modulated at an similar to 75-yr time scale, and these are consistent with epochal variations of overall streamflow variance.
C1 [Nowak, Kenneth] Lower Colorado Reg, Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO USA.
[Hoerling, Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Nowak, Kenneth; Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rajagopalan, Balaji; Zagona, Edith] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Zagona, Edith] Univ Colorado, Ctr Adv Decis Support Water & Environm Syst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nowak, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, UCB 421, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM knowak@usbr.gov
RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013
OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240
FU Bureau of Reclamation; Western Water Assessment RISA program at the
University of Colorado; Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region
FX Funding for this research by Bureau of Reclamation and the Western Water
Assessment RISA program at the University of Colorado is gratefully
acknowledged. We thank Jon Eischeid and Philip Pegion for their
assistance in the modeling portions of this work. Thanks are also due to
the Center for Advanced Decision Support in Water and Environmental
Systems (CADSWES) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, for use of its
facilities and computational support. We also thank the three reviewers
for their insight and comments that helped to improve this manuscript.
Last, special thanks to the Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado
Region, for funding this publication.
NR 69
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U1 1
U2 23
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 12
BP 4389
EP 4403
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00406.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 969GL
UT WOS:000306043600025
ER
PT J
AU Benko, C
Ruehl, A
Martin, MJ
Eikema, KSE
Fermann, ME
Hartl, I
Ye, J
AF Benko, C.
Ruehl, A.
Martin, M. J.
Eikema, K. S. E.
Fermann, M. E.
Hartl, I.
Ye, J.
TI Full phase stabilization of a Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb via
high-bandwidth transducers
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRACAVITY ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR; FIBER-LASER; LATTICE CLOCK; NOISE;
PRECISION
AB We present full phase stabilization of an amplified Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb using an intracavity electro-optic modulator and an acousto-optic modulator. These transducers provide high servo bandwidths of 580 kHz and 250 kHz for f(rep) and f(ceo), producing a robust and low phase noise fiber frequency comb. The comb was self-referenced with an f - 2f interferometer and phase locked to an ultrastable optical reference used for the JILA Sr optical clock at 698 nm, exhibiting 0.21 rad and 0.47 rad of integrated phase errors (over 1 mHz-1 MHz), respectively. Alternatively, the comb was locked to two optical references at 698 nm and 1064 nm, obtaining 0.43 rad and 0.14 rad of integrated phase errors, respectively. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Benko, C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Benko, C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ruehl, A.; Fermann, M. E.; Hartl, I.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Ruehl, A.; Eikema, K. S. E.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, LaserLaB Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Benko, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM craig.benko@colorado.edu
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Eikema, Kjeld/F-6271-2015; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015
OI Eikema, Kjeld/0000-0002-2546-3584;
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency QuASAR Program (DARPA); European Community
FX Funding for this work is provided by the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
QuASAR Program (DARPA). A. Ruehl acknowledges support from a European
Community Marie Curie Fellowship.
NR 17
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U1 4
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PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 12
BP 2196
EP 2198
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 960SO
UT WOS:000305410500009
PM 22739853
ER
PT J
AU Ycas, G
Osterman, S
Diddams, SA
AF Ycas, Gabriel
Osterman, Steve
Diddams, Scott A.
TI Generation of a 660-2100 nm laser frequency comb based on an erbium
fiber laser
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PULSE GENERATION; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We present a multibranch laser frequency comb based upon a 250 MHz mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser that spans more than 300 THz of bandwidth, from 660 nm to 2100 nm. Light from a mode-locked Er: fiber laser is amplified and then broadened in highly-nonlinear fiber to produce substantial power at similar to 1050 nm. This light is subsequently amplified in Yb:fiber to produce 1.2 nJ, 73 fs pulses at 1040 nm. Extension of the frequency comb into the visible is achieved by supercontinuum generation from the 1040 nm light. Comb coherence is verified with cascaded f-2f interferometry and comparison to a frequency stabilized laser.
C1 [Ycas, Gabriel] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Osterman, Steve] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ycas, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ycasg@colorado.edu; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
FU NIST; NSF
FX This work was supported by NIST and the NSF. We thank F. Adler and J.-Y.
Kim for helpful comments, R. Fox for providing the stabilized 657 nm
laser light, and M. Hirano and Sumitomo Electric Industries for
providing the highly nonlinear fiber. This paper is a contribution from
the US government and is not subject to copyright in the US. Mention of
specific trade names is for technical information only and does not
constitute an endorsement by NIST.
NR 18
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U1 3
U2 15
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 12
BP 2199
EP 2201
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 960SO
UT WOS:000305410500010
PM 22739854
ER
PT J
AU Tomlin, NA
Lehman, JH
Nam, S
AF Tomlin, N. A.
Lehman, J. H.
Nam, S.
TI Towards a fiber-coupled picowatt cryogenic radiometer
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB A picowatt cryogenic radiometer (PCR) has been fabricated at the microscale level for electrical substitution optical fiber power measurements. The absorber, electrical heater, and thermometer are all on a micromachined membrane less than 1 mm on a side. Initial measurements with input powers from 50 fW to 20 nW show a response inequivalence between electrical and optical power of 8%. A comparison of the response to electrical and optical input powers between 15 pW to 70 pW yields a repeatability better than +/- 0.3% (k = 2). From our first optical tests, the system has a noise equivalent power of approximate to 5 x 10(-15) W/root Hz at 2 Hz, but simple changes to the measurement scheme should yield an NEP 2 orders of magnitude lower.
C1 [Tomlin, N. A.; Lehman, J. H.; Nam, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Tomlin, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ntomlin@boulder.nist.gov
OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045
NR 14
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U1 0
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 12
BP 2346
EP 2348
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 960SO
UT WOS:000305410500059
PM 22739903
ER
PT J
AU O'Toole, AC
Bottein, MYD
Danylchuk, AJ
Ramsdell, JS
Cooke, SJ
AF O'Toole, Amanda C.
Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui
Danylchuk, Andy J.
Ramsdell, John S.
Cooke, Steven J.
TI Linking ciguatera poisoning to spatial ecology of fish: A novel approach
to examining the distribution of biotoxin levels in the great barracuda
by combining non-lethal blood sampling and biotelemetry
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ciguatoxin; Acoustic telemetry; Non-lethal blood sample; Marine
biotoxins; Functional bioassay; Spatial ecology
ID SPHYRAENA-BARRACUDA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; CIGUATOXIC
BARRACUDA; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; FLORIDA-KEYS; PACIFIC;
DINOFLAGELLATE; BREVETOXINS
AB Ciguatera in humans is typically caused by the consumption of reef fish that have accumulated Ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their flesh. Over a six month period, we captured 38 wild adult great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), a species commonly associated with ciguatera in The Bahamas. We sampled three tissues (i.e., muscle, liver, and blood) and analysed them for the presence of ciguatoxins using a functional in vitro N2A bioassay. Detectable concentrations of ciguatoxins found in the three tissue types ranged from 2.51 to 211.74 pg C-CTX-1 equivalents/g. Blood and liver toxin concentrations were positively correlated (rho = 0.86, P = 0.003), indicating that, for the first time, blood sampling provides a non-lethal method of detecting ciguatoxin in wild fish. Non-lethal blood sampling also presents opportunities to couple this approach with biotelemetry and biologging techniques that enable the study of fish distribution and movement. To demonstrate the potential for linking ciguatoxin occurrence with barracuda spatial ecology, we also present a proof-of-concept case study where blood samples were obtained from 20 fish before releasing them with acoustic transmitters and tracking them in the coastal waters using a fixed acoustic telemetry array covering 44 km(2). Fish that tested positive for CTX may have smaller home ranges than non-toxic fish (median distance travelled, U = 2.21, P = 0.03). Results presented from this study may help identify high risk areas and source-sink dynamics of toxins, potentially reducing the incidence and human health risk of ciguatera fish poisoning. Moreover, development of the non-lethal sampling approach and measurement of ciguatera from blood provide future opportunities to understand the mechanistic relationship between toxins and the spatial ecology of a broad range of marine fish species. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [O'Toole, Amanda C.; Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
[Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Danylchuk, Andy J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Cooke, Steven J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
RP O'Toole, AC (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
EM amanda.c.otoole@gmail.com
RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010
OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659
FU Bonefish and Tarpon Trust; Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh
Foundation; Baldwin Foundation; Ontario Ministry of Research and
Innovation; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Research Chairs
Program; Carleton University; National Institute of Food & Agriculture,
U.S. Department of Agriculture; Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment
Station; Department of Environmental Conservation [MAS00987]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staff and volunteers at the
Cape Eleuthera Institute and The Island School. Thank you to K. Murchie,
K. Hanson, A. Shultz, C. Haak, E. Brooks, and C. Suski for field and
laboratory assistance. Four reviewers from the Marine Biotoxins Program,
Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research
provided comments on an early version of the manuscript. The Bahamas
Department of Marine Resources provided scientific collection permits
and animal care approval was obtained from the Canadian Council on
Animal Care through Carleton University. The receiver array was
partially supported by grants from Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, the
Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, and the Baldwin
Foundation. Additional financial support was provided by Ontario
Ministry of Research and Innovation (through an Early Researcher Award
to S.J.C.), the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Canada Research
Chairs Program, and Carleton University. A.J.D. was supported by the
National Institute of Food & Agriculture, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, and the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and
Department of Environmental Conservation (project number MAS00987).
NR 43
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U1 2
U2 44
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 427
BP 98
EP 105
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.053
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 956TF
UT WOS:000305111300012
PM 22560748
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XY
Goldberg, MD
Yu, YY
AF Zhang, Xiaoyang
Goldberg, Mitchell D.
Yu, Yunyue
TI Prototype for monitoring and forecasting fall foliage coloration in real
time from satellite data
SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Phenology; Fall foliage coloration; Foliage phase; Time-series satellite
data; Temporally-normalized brownness index; Real-time monitoring;
Short-term forecasting
ID PHENOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CANOPY; GROWTH; MODIS; RESOLUTION;
PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; SYSTEMS
AB While determining vegetation phenology from the time series of historical satellite data has been widely investigated throughout the last decade, little effort has been devoted to real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting. The latter is more important for numerical weather modeling, ecosystem forecasting, forest and crop management, and health risk warning. In this study we developed a prototype approach for the real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of fall foliage status (including low coloration, moderate coloration, near-peak coloration, peak coloration, and post-peak coloration) using temporal satellite observations. The algorithm combined the climatology of vegetation phenology and temporally available satellite observations to establish a set of potential temporal trajectories of foliage development at a given time. These trajectories were used to identify foliage coloration phases in real time, to predict the occurrence of future phenological events, and, furthermore, to analyze the uncertainty of monitoring and forecasting. With an increase in satellite observations, monitoring and forecasting were continuously updated. The approach developed was tested using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m across northeastern North America and evaluated using field measurements at the Harvard Forests of the northeastern United States and standard MODIS foliage coloration phases. The results indicate that short-term forecasting can be well implemented in more than half a month before the occurrence of a foliage phase, and that the accuracy of the real-time monitoring of both near-peak-coloration and peak-coloration occurrence is less than 5 days in most mixed forests and deciduous forests. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Goldberg, Mitchell D.; Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, STAR, 5825 Univ Res Cf, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM Xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Yu,
Yunyue/F-5636-2010
NR 41
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1923
J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL
JI Agric. For. Meteorol.
PD JUN 15
PY 2012
VL 158
BP 21
EP 29
DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.01.013
PG 9
WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 929PB
UT WOS:000303076800003
ER
PT J
AU Veza, D
Sansonetti, CJ
Salit, ML
Travis, JC
AF Veza, Damir
Sansonetti, Craig J.
Salit, Marc L.
Travis, John C.
TI Wave numbers and pressure-induced shifts of Ar I atomic lines measured
by Fourier transform spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HOLLOW-CATHODE SOURCE; ARGON SPECTRAL-LINES; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION;
OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; RARE-GASES; 5865 NM; COLLISIONS; DISCHARGE;
REGION; HE
AB Wave numbers and pressure-induced shifts of 19 blue argon emission lines belonging to the 3p(5)6p-3p(5)4s and 3p(5)5p-3p(5)4s transition arrays were measured with high accuracy using a UV/visible Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The measurements were made using electrodeless lamps containing traces of Hg-198 and argon at pressures of 33 Pa (1/4 Torr), 400 Pa (3 Torr), 933 Pa (7 Torr) and 1333 Pa (10 Torr). Calibration of the FTS wave number scale was obtained using the four most prominent lines of Hg-198 as internal standards. The pressure-induced shifts of the argon emission lines are in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. These results are of importance for astronomers and analytical chemists who use argon lines for practical wavelength standards as well as for theoreticians calculating argon-argon interactions and potential energy curves of diatomic argon molecules.
C1 [Veza, Damir; Sansonetti, Craig J.; Salit, Marc L.; Travis, John C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Veza, Damir] Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Zagreb 41000, Croatia.
RP Veza, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM veza@phy.hr
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 12
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD JUN 14
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 11
AR 115001
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/45/11/115001
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 958ZZ
UT WOS:000305280800002
ER
PT J
AU Toft-Petersen, R
Andersen, NH
Li, HF
Li, JY
Tian, W
Bud'ko, SL
Jensen, TBS
Niedermayer, C
Laver, M
Zaharko, O
Lynn, JW
Vaknin, D
AF Toft-Petersen, Rasmus
Andersen, Niels H.
Li, Haifeng
Li, Jiying
Tian, Wei
Bud'ko, Sergey L.
Jensen, Thomas B. S.
Niedermayer, Christof
Laver, Mark
Zaharko, Oksana
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Vaknin, David
TI Magnetic phase diagram of magnetoelectric LiMnPO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN-FLOP; TETRACRITICAL POINTS; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL;
FERROELECTRICITY; ANTIFERROMAGNET; SCATTERING
AB The nature of the spin-flop (SF) transition in the magnetoelectric quasi-2D Heisenberg system LiMnPO4 is studied in fields applied along the a axis. A refinement of the magnetic structure using neutron diffraction data in the SF phase reveals that the spins reorient from being parallel to the a axis to be nearly along the c axis at magnetic fields between 4 and 4.7 T, depending on temperature. The low-field antiferromagnetic phase boundary is shown to join the spin-flop line tangentially at the so-called bicritical point, where there is a suppression of the ordering temperature. At the bicritical field, we observe an increased intensity of the Lorentz broadened elastic scattering at magnetic Bragg peaks above T-N as compared to zero field and 10 T, without an increase in peak width. This suggests an increased density of fluctuations at the bicritical field as compared to zero field.
C1 [Toft-Petersen, Rasmus; Andersen, Niels H.; Jensen, Thomas B. S.; Laver, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
[Toft-Petersen, Rasmus] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Li, Haifeng; Li, Jiying; Tian, Wei; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Li, Haifeng; Li, Jiying; Tian, Wei; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Niedermayer, Christof; Laver, Mark; Zaharko, Oksana] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Laver, Mark] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Toft-Petersen, R (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
RI Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Li, Haifeng/F-9743-2013; Tian,
Wei/C-8604-2013; Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; Vaknin,
David/B-3302-2009
OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248
FU Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation under DANSCATT;
Swiss NSF [PP002-102831]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX Jens Jensen of the University of Copenhagen is greatly acknowledged for
illuminating discussions, for determining the anisotropy and for
performing the mean field calculations of the magnetization. The authors
would like to thank Ellen Fogh, Dennis Lund Lorenzen, Nelson Walther
Bayas, and Mikkel Ronne Lotz for useful assistance during the RITA-II
experiment. Work was supported by the Danish Agency for Science,
Technology and Innovation under DANSCATT and by the Swiss NSF via
Contract No. PP002-102831. The manuscript has been authored, in whole or
in part, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the US Department of
Energy. Neutron experiments were performed at the SINQ neutron
spallation source at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland.
NR 39
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 41
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 14
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 22
AR 224415
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.224415
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 958PC
UT WOS:000305251300004
ER
PT J
AU Wang, C
Chu, LH
Yao, QR
Sun, Y
Wu, MM
Ding, L
Yan, J
Na, YY
Tang, WH
Li, GN
Huang, QZ
Lynn, JW
AF Wang, Cong
Chu, Lihua
Yao, Qingrong
Sun, Ying
Wu, Meimei
Ding, Lei
Yan, Jun
Na, Yuanyuan
Tang, Weihua
Li, Guannan
Huang, Qingzhen
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
TI Tuning the range, magnitude, and sign of the thermal expansion in
intermetallic Mn-3(Zn, M)(x) N(M = Ag, Ge)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MANGANESE
AB Neutron diffraction is used to reveal the origin and control of the thermal expansion properties of the cubic intermetallic compounds Mn3ZnxN and Mn-3[Zn-(Ag, Ge)](x)N. We show that the introduction of Zn vacancies induces and stabilizes an antiferromagnetic phase with huge spin-lattice coupling that can be tuned to achieve zero thermal expansion (ZTE) over a wide temperature range. We further show that the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (T-N) that controls this ZTE can be tuned by chemical substitution, again on the Zn site, to adjust the span of ZTE temperatures from well above room temperature to well below. This establishes a quantitative relationship and mechanism to precisely control the ZTE of a single material, enabling it to be tailored for specific device applications.
C1 [Wang, Cong; Chu, Lihua; Sun, Ying; Ding, Lei; Yan, Jun; Na, Yuanyuan] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China.
[Yao, Qingrong; Wu, Meimei; Li, Guannan; Huang, Qingzhen; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yao, Qingrong] Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Dept Informat Mat & Engn, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Meimei] Chinese Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China.
[Tang, Weihua] Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Sch Sci, State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Telecommun, Beijing 100876, Peoples R China.
[Li, Guannan] Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, C (reprint author), Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China.
EM congwang@buaa.edu.cn; jeffrey.lynn@nist.gov
RI Tang, Weihua/O-1998-2013; Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016; DING, LEI/S-5233-2016
OI Tang, Weihua/0000-0002-8771-3120; DING, LEI/0000-0002-1556-2095
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51172012, 91122026]
FX Work in China was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of
China (NSFC) (No. 51172012 and No. 91122026). The authors thank D. A.
Neumann and A. Santoro (NIST) for very constructive discussions.
NR 33
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 2
U2 43
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 14
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 22
AR 220103
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.220103
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 958PC
UT WOS:000305251300001
ER
PT J
AU Gil, DL
Windover, D
AF Gil, D. L.
Windover, D.
TI Limitations of x-ray reflectometry in the presence of surface
contamination
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENETIC ALGORITHMS; REFLECTIVITY; METROLOGY; FILM
AB Intentionally deposited thin films exposed to atmosphere often develop unintentionally deposited few-monolayer films of surface contamination. This contamination arises from the diverse population of volatile organics and inorganics in the atmosphere. Such surface contamination can affect the uncertainties in determination of thickness, roughness and density of thin-film structures by x-ray reflectometry (XRR). Here we study the effect of a 0.5 nm carbon surface contamination layer on thickness determination for a 20 nm titanium nitride thin film on silicon. Uncertainties calculated using Markov-chain Monte Carlo Bayesian statistical methods from simulated data of clean and contaminated TiN thin films are compared at varying degrees of data quality to study (1) whether synchrotron sources cope better with contamination than laboratory sources and (2) whether cleaning off the surface of thin films prior to XRR measurement is necessary. We show that, surprisingly, contributions to uncertainty from surface contamination can dominate uncertainty estimates, leading to minimal advantages in using synchrotron-over laboratory-intensity data. Further, even prior knowledge of the exact nature of the surface contamination does not significantly reduce the contamination's contribution to the uncertainty in the TiN layer thickness. We conclude, then, that effective and standardized cleaning protocols are necessary to achieve high levels of accuracy in XRR measurement.
C1 [Gil, D. L.; Windover, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gil, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM windover@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 20
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-3727
J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS
JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 13
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 23
AR 235301
DI 10.1088/0022-3727/45/23/235301
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 957PR
UT WOS:000305175500014
ER
PT J
AU Bielska, K
Havey, DK
Scace, GE
Lisak, D
Hodges, JT
AF Bielska, K.
Havey, D. K.
Scace, G. E.
Lisak, D.
Hodges, J. T.
TI Spectroscopic measurement of the vapour pressure of ice
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE water vapour; ice vapour pressure; cavity ring-down spectroscopy
ID WATER-VAPOR; TRIPLE POINT; GASES
AB We present a laser absorption technique to measure the saturation vapour pressure of hexagonal ice. This method is referenced to the triple-point state of water and uses frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy to probe four rotation-vibration transitions of (H2O)-O-16 at wavenumbers near 7180 cm(-1). Laser measurements are made at the output of a temperature-regulated standard humidity generator, which contains ice. The dynamic range of the technique is extended by measuring the relative intensities of three weak/strong transition pairs at fixed ice temperature and humidity concentration. Our results agree with a widely used thermodynamically derived ice vapour pressure correlation over the temperature range 0 degrees C to -70 degrees C to within 0.35 per cent.
C1 [Scace, G. E.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bielska, K.; Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
[Havey, D. K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.
RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov
RI Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Bielska, Katarzyna/G-4532-2014
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun,
Poland; Polish MNISW [N N202 1255 35]
FX The research was supported by the NIST Office of Microelectronics
Programmes. We also acknowledge additional support by the Programme of
the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland and the Polish MNISW
Project no. N N202 1255 35. The authors also thank Christopher Meyer for
carefully reading the manuscript and providing valuable suggestions and
Allan Harvey for calculating the H2O-N2
enhancement factor.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 15
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-503X
EI 1471-2962
J9 PHILOS T R SOC A
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD JUN 13
PY 2012
VL 370
IS 1968
BP 2509
EP 2519
DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0188
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 934QP
UT WOS:000303460500003
PM 22547230
ER
PT J
AU Baranov, YI
Lafferty, WJ
AF Baranov, Yu. I.
Lafferty, W. J.
TI The water vapour self- and water-nitrogen continuum absorption in the
1000 and 2500 cm(-1) atmospheric windows
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL
AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE water vapour continuum; atmospheric windows; laboratory measurements;
MT_CKD continuum model
ID COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; SPECTRAL REGION; 363 K; TEMPERATURES;
MIXTURES; CO2; DEPENDENCE; GASES; BANDS; O-2
AB The pure water vapour and water-nitrogen continuum absorption in the 1000 and 2500 cm(-1) atmospheric windows has been studied using a 2m base-length White-type multi-pass cell coupled with a BOMEM DA3-002 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The measurements were carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD) over the course of several years (2004, 2006-2007, 2009). New data on the H2O:N-2 continuum in the 1000 cm(-1) window are presented and summarized along with the other experimental results and the continuum model. The experimental data reported on the water vapour continuum in these atmospheric windows basically agree with the most reliable laboratory data from the other sources. The MT_CKD (Mlawer-Tobin-Clough-Kneizys-Davies) continuum model significantly departs from the experimental data in both windows. The deviation observed includes the continuum magnitude, spectral behaviour and temperature dependence. In the 2500 cm(-1) region, the model does not allow for the nitrogen fundamental collision-induced absorption (CIA) band intensity enhancement caused by H2O:N-2 collisions and underestimates the actual absorption by over two orders of magnitude. The water vapour continuum interpretation as a typical CIA spectrum is reviewed and discussed.
C1 [Baranov, Yu. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), SPA Typhoon, Inst Expt Meteorol, 4 Pobedy St Obninsk, Kaluga 249020, Russia.
EM ybaranov04@mail.ru
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-05-93105]; NASA
FX The authors acknowledge support from the Upper Atmospheric Research
Programme of NASA. We thank also the anonymous referees for many useful
suggestions. Yu.B. would like to thank the NIST Physics Laboratory
Management for the opportunity to carry out the reported research. He
also acknowledges partial financial support from the Russian Foundation
for Basic Research through grant 10-05-93105.
NR 38
TC 15
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 8
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1364-503X
J9 PHILOS T R SOC A
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci.
PD JUN 13
PY 2012
VL 370
IS 1968
BP 2578
EP 2589
DI 10.1098/rsta.2011.0234
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 934QP
UT WOS:000303460500006
PM 22547233
ER
PT J
AU Jeong, S
Zhao, CF
Andrews, AE
Bianco, L
Wilczak, JM
Fischer, ML
AF Jeong, Seongeun
Zhao, Chuanfeng
Andrews, Arlyn E.
Bianco, Laura
Wilczak, James M.
Fischer, Marc L.
TI Seasonal variation of CH4 emissions from central California
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; METHANE EMISSIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES;
SIMULATION-MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; STILT MODEL; N2O FLUXES
AB We estimate seasonal variations in methane (CH4) emissions from central California from December 2007 through November 2008 by comparing CH4 mixing ratios measured at a tall tower with transport model predictions based on a global 1 degrees a priori CH4 emissions map (EDGAR32) and a 10 km seasonally varying California-specific map, calibrated to statewide by CH4 emission totals. Atmospheric particle trajectories and surface footprints are computed using the Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport models. Uncertainties due to wind velocity and boundary layer mixing depth are evaluated using measurements from radar wind profilers. CH4 signals calculated using the EDGAR32 emission model are larger than those based on the California-specific model and in better agreement with measurements. However, Bayesian inverse analyses using the California-specific and EDGAR32 maps yield comparable annually averaged posterior CH4 emissions totaling 1.55 +/- 0.24 times and 1.84 +/- 0.27 times larger than the California-specific prior emissions, respectively, for a region of central California within approximately 150 km of the tower. If these results are applicable across California, state total CH4 emissions would account for approximately 9% of state total greenhouse gas emissions. Spatial resolution of emissions within the region near the tower reveal seasonality expected from several biogenic sources, but correlations in the posterior errors on emissions from both prior models indicate that the tower footprints do not resolve spatial structure of emissions. This suggests that including additional towers in a measurement network will improve the regional specificity of the posterior estimates.
C1 [Jeong, Seongeun; Zhao, Chuanfeng; Fischer, Marc L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhao, Chuanfeng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA.
[Andrews, Arlyn E.; Bianco, Laura; Wilczak, James M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Bianco, Laura] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS 90K-127,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM sjeong@lbl.gov
RI Zhao, Chuanfeng/G-8546-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012
FU California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental
Research Program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy
by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX We thank Dave Field, Dave Bush, Edward Wahl, and particularly Jon Kofler
for their assistance with the installation and maintenance of the
instrumentation at WGC; Edward Dlugokencky for his advice and assistance
in verifying the Picarro instrument performance at NOAA; John Lin, Steve
Wofsy, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, and Thomas Nehrkorn for generously sharing
the STILT code and providing advice; Chris Potter and William Salas for
sharing modeled CH4 emission for use as a priori estimates;
Larry Hunsaker and Webster Tassat for providing the California ARB
estimates of landfill CH4 emissions; and Krishna Muriki for
assistance in running WRF-STILT on the LBNL-Lawrencium computer cluster.
We gratefully acknowledge NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the
use of the HYSPLIT model underlying STILT and NCEP for the provision of
the NARR meteorology. We also thank Jean Bogner, Eric Crosson, Guido
Franco, Ying-Kuang Hsu, Eileen McCauley, and Tony VanCuren for valuable
comments. This study was supported by the California Energy Commission
(CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The contribution of Chuanfeng
Zhao for this work was partly performed under the auspices of the U.S.
Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The findings, views, and opinions presented
in this paper do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the
California Energy Commission or the State of California.
NR 56
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 29
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 12
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D11306
DI 10.1029/2011JD016896
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 959WF
UT WOS:000305347700001
ER
PT J
AU Owejan, JE
Owejan, JP
DeCaluwe, SC
Dura, JA
AF Owejan, Jeanette E.
Owejan, Jon P.
DeCaluwe, Steven C.
Dura, Joseph A.
TI Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries: Evolving Structures
Measured In situ by Neutron Reflectometry
SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Li ion battery; solid electrolyte interphase; in situ neutron
reflectometry
ID PROPYLENE CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; LITHIUM ELECTRODES;
ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; SALT-SOLUTIONS; SURFACE-FILMS; NONAQUEOUS
ELECTROLYTES; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CYCLING EFFICIENCY; ETHYLENE
CARBONATE; ALKALI-METALS
AB Li-ion batteries are made possible by the solid electrolyte interphase, SEI, a self-forming passivation layer, generated because of electrolyte instability with respect to the anode chemical potential. Ideally it offers sufficient electronic resistance to limit electrolyte decomposition to the amount needed for its formation. However, slow continued SET growth leads to capacity fade and increased cell resistance. Despite the SEI's critical significance, currently structural characterization is incomplete because of the reactive and delicate nature of the SET and the electrolyte system in which it is formed. Here we present, for the first time, in situ neutron reflectometry measurements of the SEI layer as function of potential in a working lithium half-cell. The SEI layer after 10 and 20 CV cycles is 4.0 and 4.5 nm, respectively, growing to 8.9 nm after a series of potentiostatic holds that approximates a charge/discharge cycle. Specified data sets show uniform mixing of SEI components.
C1 [Owejan, Jeanette E.; Owejan, Jon P.] Gen Motors, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA.
[DeCaluwe, Steven C.; Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[DeCaluwe, Steven C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Owejan, JE (reprint author), Gen Motors, Electrochem Energy Res Lab, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA.
EM jeanette.owejan@gm.com; dura@nist.gov
RI DeCaluwe, Steven/B-6074-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008
OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X
FU NIST ARRA [60NANB10D027]; National Research Council through NRC
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this work through NIST
ARRA Award Number: 60NANB10D027, part of the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009, as well as the National Research Council for
funding through the NRC Research Associateship Program. Nicholas P.
Irish of GM Global R&D is acknowledged for XPS data collection and peak
deconvolution and Paul A. Kienzle, NCNR, for useful discussions of NR
fitting.
NR 61
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 13
U2 112
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0897-4756
EI 1520-5002
J9 CHEM MATER
JI Chem. Mat.
PD JUN 12
PY 2012
VL 24
IS 11
BP 2133
EP 2140
DI 10.1021/cm3006887
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 956MA
UT WOS:000305092600020
ER
PT J
AU Bandyopadhyay, D
Douglas, JF
Karim, A
AF Bandyopadhyay, Diya
Douglas, Jack F.
Karim, Alamgir
TI Fullerene Nanoparticles as Molecular Surfactant for Dewetting of
Phase-Separating Polymer Blend Films
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILM; SUPPRESSION; POLYSTYRENE; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR
AB We investigate the effects of fullerene nanoparticles (f-NP) on the dewetting morphology in the immiscible temperature regime of blend films of polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) on silicon substrate. As in our former work in the miscible temperature regime of this blend film, competitive partitioning of the f-NPs to the polymer-polymer and the substrate interfaces in blend films requires a larger concentration of f-NPs (similar to 10 mass %) to suppress film dewetting than in homopolymer components (similar to 2 mass %). In contrast, however, phase-separated blend films rapidly dewet into hemispherical droplets due to finite interfacial tension of internal blend components unlike irregular shape droplets obtained in miscible blend films. The effect of the f-NPs (1 mass % to 5 mass % f-NP) is to simultaneously reduce the size and contact angle of the dewet droplets, but the hemispherical shape of droplets is maintained, suggesting the f-NPs act to (a) only reduce the phase-separated blend interfacial tension but not fully compatibilize it into single phase and (b) reduce the blend substrate interfacial tension progressively. Selective solvent etching of the PS blend component reveals a spherical PS core enclosed within a circular PB shell at all f-NP concentrations. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals that the f-NPs are distributed in both phases consistent with the hemispherical shape and calculations that predict only a weak reduction of interfacial tension. The dewet blend droplet contact angle (likewise polymer-substrate interfacial tension) measured by atomic force microscopy shows a bimodal behavior, reducing rapidly (by 40%) at low (0.1 mass %) f-NP levels and significantly slowing down at higher f-NP concentrations. Molecular surfactant like behavior of the f-NPs in the blend films then provides an effective means of tuning dewetting blend film morphology dimensions without compromising phase behavior for potential applications in nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
C1 [Bandyopadhyay, Diya; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Karim, A (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM alamgir@uakron.edu
FU University of Akron Research Foundation (UARF); U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE-BES) [DE-FG02-10ER4779]; Austen BioInnovation Institute in
Akron (ABIA)
FX This work was supported by the University of Akron Research Foundation
(UARF), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE-BES Grant No.
DE-FG02-10ER4779), and the Austen BioInnovation Institute in Akron
(ABIA), supported Akron Functional Materials Center (AFMC). D.B. would
also like to thank Gurpreet Singh and Prof. Matthew L. Becker for
helpful discussions.
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUN 12
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 11
BP 4716
EP 4722
DI 10.1021/ma300008e
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 956LW
UT WOS:000305092200034
ER
PT J
AU Luo, HQ
Zhang, R
Laver, M
Yamani, Z
Wang, M
Lu, XY
Wang, MY
Chen, YC
Li, SL
Chang, S
Lynn, JW
Dai, PC
AF Luo, Huiqian
Zhang, Rui
Laver, Mark
Yamani, Zahra
Wang, Meng
Lu, Xingye
Wang, Miaoyin
Chen, Yanchao
Li, Shiliang
Chang, Sung
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Coexistence and Competition of the Short-Range Incommensurate
Antiferromagnetic Order with the Superconducting State of BaFe2-xNixAs2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Superconductivity in the iron pnictides develops near antiferromagnetism, and the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase appears to overlap with the superconducting phase in some materials such as BaFe2-xTxAs2 (where T = Co or Ni). Here we use neutron scattering to demonstrate that genuine long-range AF order and superconductivity do not coexist in BaFe2-xNixAs2 near optimal superconductivity. In addition, we find a first-order-like AF-to-superconductivity phase transition with no evidence for a magnetic quantum critical point. Instead, the data reveal that incommensurate short-range AF order coexists and competes with superconductivity, where the AF spin correlation length is comparable to the superconducting coherence length.
C1 [Luo, Huiqian; Zhang, Rui; Wang, Meng; Lu, Xingye; Chen, Yanchao; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Laver, Mark] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Laver, Mark] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
[Yamani, Zahra] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada.
[Lu, Xingye; Wang, Miaoyin; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Chen, Yanchao] China Inst Atom Energy, Sci & Technol Nucl Data Lab, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China.
[Chang, Sung; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Luo, HQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM pdai@utk.edu
RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Li,
Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Wang, Miaoyin/C-9224-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331
FU MOST [2011CBA00110, 2010CB833102, 2012CB821400]; NSFC [11004233]; U.S.
[NSF-DMR-1063866, NSF-OISE-0968226]
FX We thank Jiangping Hu, Qimiao Si, Daoxin Yao, Hai-Hu Wen, and Xingjiang
Zhou for helpful discussions and transport measurements. The work at
IOP, CAS, is supported by MOST (973 project: 2011CBA00110, 2010CB833102,
and 2012CB821400) and NSFC (No. 11004233). The work at UTK is supported
by the U.S. NSF-DMR-1063866 and NSF-OISE-0968226. Part of the work is
based on experiments performed at the Swiss Spallation Neutron Source,
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. M. L. acknowledges
support from DanScatt.
NR 41
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 32
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 12
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 24
AR 247002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.247002
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 956UV
UT WOS:000305115700012
PM 23004310
ER
PT J
AU Sterk, JD
Luo, L
Manning, TA
Maunz, P
Monroe, C
AF Sterk, J. D.
Luo, L.
Manning, T. A.
Maunz, P.
Monroe, C.
TI Photon collection from a trapped ion-cavity system
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID DETERMINISTIC GENERATION; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; QUANTUM NETWORK; SINGLE
PHOTONS; FIELD; ENTANGLEMENT; OPTICS; ATOMS
AB We present the design and implementation of a trapped ion-cavity QED system. A single ytterbium ion is confined by a micron-scale ion trap inside a 2-mm optical cavity. The ion is coherently pumped by near-resonant laser light while the cavity output is monitored as a function of pump intensity and cavity detuning. We observe a Purcell enhancement of scattered light into the solid angle subtended by the optical cavity, as well as a three-peak structure arising from strongly driving the atom. This system can be integrated into existing atom-photon quantum network protocols and is a pathway toward an efficient atom-photon quantum interface.
C1 [Sterk, J. D.; Luo, L.; Manning, T. A.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sterk, J. D.; Luo, L.; Manning, T. A.; Monroe, C.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Maunz, P.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
RP Sterk, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM jdsterk@sandia.gov
RI Luo, Le/E-3225-2010; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011; Luo,
Le/I-6459-2013
OI Luo, Le/0000-0002-8375-6326
FU US Army Research Office (ARO); MURI; NSF Physics; NSF Physics Frontier
Center at JQI
FX The authors would like to thank Luis A. Orozco and Howard Carmichael for
providing useful insight into cavity QED theory as well as discussions
of experimental techniques and system modeling. This work is supported
by the US Army Research Office (ARO) with funds from the IARPA MQCO
Program and the MURI program on Quantum Optical Circuits of Hybrid
Quantum Memories, NSF Physics at the Information Frontier Program, and
the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.
NR 44
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 11
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 6
AR 062308
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.062308
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 956KG
UT WOS:000305087900004
ER
PT J
AU Potzick, J
Marx, E
AF Potzick, James
Marx, Egon
TI Parametric uncertainty in nanoscale optical dimensional measurements
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSCOPE; MODEL
AB Image modeling establishes the relation between an object and its image when an optical microscope is used to measure the dimensions of an object of size comparable to the illumination wavelength. It accounts for the influence of all of the parameters that can affect the image and relates the apparent feature width (FW) in the image to the true FW of the object. The values of these parameters, however, have uncertainties, and these uncertainties propagate through the model and lead to parametric uncertainty in the FW measurement, a key component of the combined measurement uncertainty. The combined uncertainty is required in order to decide if the result is adequate for its intended purpose and to ascertain if it is consistent with other results. The parametric uncertainty for optical photomask measurements derived using an edge intensity threshold approach has been described previously; this paper describes an image library approach to this issue and shows results for optical photomask metrology over a FW range of 10 nm to 8 mu m using light of wavelength 365 nm. The principles will be described; a one-dimensional image library will be used; the method of comparing images, along with a simple interpolation method, will be explained; and results will be presented. This method is easily extended to any kind of imaging microscope and to more dimensions in parameter space. It is more general than the edge threshold method and leads to markedly different uncertainties for features smaller than the wavelength.
C1 [Potzick, James; Marx, Egon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM egon.marx@nist.gov
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JUN 10
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 17
BP 3707
EP 3717
DI 10.1364/AO.51.003707
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 958XN
UT WOS:000305274400002
PM 22695647
ER
PT J
AU Giacomazzo, B
Baker, JG
Miller, MC
Reynolds, CS
van Meter, JR
AF Giacomazzo, Bruno
Baker, John G.
Miller, M. Coleman
Reynolds, Christopher S.
van Meter, James R.
TI GENERAL RELATIVISTIC SIMULATIONS OF MAGNETIZED PLASMAS AROUND MERGING
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; gravitational waves;
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); methods: numerical
ID ELECTROMAGNETIC COUNTERPARTS; NUMERICAL RELATIVITY; NEUTRON-STARS;
MASS-LOSS; MERGERS; BINARY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; ACCRETION; AFTERGLOW;
DISKS
AB Coalescing supermassive black hole binaries are produced by the mergers of galaxies and are the most powerful sources of gravitational waves accessible to space-based gravitational observatories. Some such mergers may occur in the presence of matter and magnetic fields and hence generate an electromagnetic counterpart. In this Letter, we present the first general relativistic simulations of magnetized plasma around merging supermassive black holes using the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code Whisky. By considering different magnetic field strengths, going from non-magnetically dominated to magnetically dominated regimes, we explore how magnetic fields affect the dynamics of the plasma and the possible emission of electromagnetic signals. In particular, we observe a total amplification of the magnetic field of similar to 2 orders of magnitude, which is driven by the accretion onto the binary and that leads to much stronger electromagnetic signals, more than a factor of 10(4) larger than comparable calculations done in the force-free regime where such amplifications are not possible.
C1 [Giacomazzo, Bruno] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Giacomazzo, Bruno] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Giacomazzo, Bruno; Miller, M. Coleman; Reynolds, Christopher S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Giacomazzo, Bruno; Baker, John G.; van Meter, James R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Gravitat Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 21114 USA.
[Miller, M. Coleman; Reynolds, Christopher S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Space Sci Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Giacomazzo, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Giacomazzo, Bruno/I-8088-2012
OI Giacomazzo, Bruno/0000-0002-6947-4023
FU NASA through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames
Research Center; NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard
Space Flight Center; XSEDE [TG-PHY110027]; NASA [NNX09AI75G,
09-ATP09-0136]; NSF [AST 1009396]
FX We thank Phil Armitage, Tamara Bogdanovic, Bernard Kelly, Krzysztof
Nalewajko, Carlos Palenzuela, Luciano Rezzolla, Jeremy Schnittman, and
Roman Shcherbakov for useful comments and suggestions. We also thank
Philip Cowperthwaite for help in visualizing some of the numerical data.
Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End
Computing (HEC) program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS)
Division at Ames Research Center and NASA Center for Climate Simulation
(NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. Numerical simulations were also
performed on the cluster RANGER at the Texas Advanced Computing Center
(TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin through XSEDE grant No.
TG-PHY110027. B.G. acknowledges support from NASA grant No. NNX09AI75G
and NSF grant No. AST 1009396. J.B. and J.v.M. acknowledge support from
NASA grant 09-ATP09-0136.
NR 49
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD JUN 10
PY 2012
VL 752
IS 1
AR L15
DI 10.1088/2041-8205/752//L15
PG 6
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 948FL
UT WOS:000304488900015
ER
PT J
AU Richard, DJ
Striegel, AM
AF Richard, Dustin J.
Striegel, Andre M.
TI The obstruction factor in size-exclusion chromatography. 2. The
interparticle, intraparticle, and total obstruction factors
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE Size-exclusion chromatography; Obstruction factor; Band broadening;
Hydrodynamic chromatography
ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-TRANSFER;
LONGITUDINAL DIFFUSION; STATIONARY-PHASE; BAND DISPERSION; DEGRADATION;
MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS
AB "Obstruction factor" is a generic rubric under which are usually gathered the interparticle, intraparticle, stationary phase, and total obstruction factors, gamma(e), gamma(p), gamma(s), and gamma(t), respectively. These, in turn, affect longitudinal diffusion and stationary, mobile phase, and stagnant mobile phase mass transfer. We conclude here our investigation into the various obstruction factors operative in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Stop-flow experiments were employed to determine either the interparticle (for analytes with K-SEC = 0) or the total (for analytes with K-SEC > 0) obstruction factor, and these results were combined with those from variable-flow-rate experiments which provided the intraparticle obstruction factor. Because of minimal enthalpic interactions between the analytes and stationary phase, in SEC gamma(s) approximate to 0, which allows for isolation of the other obstruction factors. A relationship between gamma(t), gamma(e), and gamma(p), was proposed for SEC, based on previous independent work and dependent upon the various column porosities. This relationship was extended to hydrodynamic chromatography, a technique in which, ideally, both gamma(s) and gamma(p) are equal to zero. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Richard, Dustin J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andre.striegel@nist.gov
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD JUN 8
PY 2012
VL 1241
BP 69
EP 75
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.024
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 948NB
UT WOS:000304508800009
PM 22560342
ER
PT J
AU Massillon-JL, G
Minniti, R
Mitch, MG
Soares, CG
AF Massillon-JL, G.
Minniti, R.
Mitch, M. G.
Soares, C. G.
TI Measurement of the absorbed dose distribution near an Ir-192
intravascular brachytherapy seed using a high-spatial-resolution gel
dosimetry system
SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Workshop on Recent Advances in MonteCarlo Techniques
for Radiation Therapy
CY JUN 08-10, 2011
CL Montreal, CANADA
ID IN-STENT RESTENOSIS; BETA-RADIATION THERAPY; MONTE-CARLO; VASCULAR
BRACHYTHERAPY; PARAMETERS; RECOMMENDATIONS; VERIFICATION; IRRADIATION;
SR-90/Y-90
AB The absorbed dose distribution at sub-millimeter distances from the Best single Ir-192 intravascular brachytherapy seed was measured using a high-spatial-resolution gel dosimetry system. Two gel phantoms from the same batch were used; one for the seed irradiation and one for calibration. Since the response of this gel is energy independent for photons between 20 and 1250 keV, the gel was calibrated using a narrowly collimated Co-60 gamma-ray beam (cross-sectional area similar to 1 cm(2)). A small format laser computed tomography scanner was used to acquire the data. The measurements were carried out with a spatial resolution of 100 mu m in all dimensions. The seed was calibrated at NIST in terms of air-kerma strength. The absorbed dose rate as well as the radial dose function, g(L)(r), was measured for radial distances between 0.6 and 12.6 mm from the seed center. The dose rate constant was measured, yielding a value of Lambda = (1.122 +/- 0.032) cGy h(-1) U-1, which agrees with published data within the measurement uncertainty. For distances between 0.6 and 1.5 mm, g(L)(r) decreases from a maximum value of 1.06 down to 1.00; between 1.5 and 6.7 mm, an enhancement is clearly observed with a maximum value around 1.24 and beyond 6.7 mm, g(L)(r) has an approximately constant value around 1.0, which suggests that this seed can be considered as a point source only at distances larger than 6.7 mm. This latter observation agrees with data for the same seed reported previously using Gafchromic film MD-55-2. Additionally, published Monte Carlo (MC) calculations have predicted the observed behavior of the radial dose function resulting from the absorbed dose contributions of beta particles and electrons emitted by the Ir-192 seed. Nonetheless, in the enhancement region, MC underestimates the dose by approximately 20%. This work suggests that beta particles and electrons emitted from the seed make a significant contribution to the total absorbed dose delivered at distances near the seed center (less than 6 mm) and therefore cannot be neglected, given the dimensions of blood vessel walls.
C1 [Massillon-JL, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico.
[Minniti, R.; Mitch, M. G.; Soares, C. G.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Massillon-JL, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, AP 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico.
EM massillon@fisica.unam.mx
RI Massillon-JL, Guerda/E-9052-2013
FU DGAPA-UNAM [IN102610]; Conacyt [127409]
FX We acknowledge Ramesh Yalamanchili from Best Medical International for
providing the 192Ir seed. This work was partially supported
by DGAPA-UNAM grant IN102610 and Conacyt grant 127409.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0031-9155
EI 1361-6560
J9 PHYS MED BIOL
JI Phys. Med. Biol.
PD JUN 7
PY 2012
VL 57
IS 11
BP 3407
EP 3418
DI 10.1088/0031-9155/57/11/3407
PG 12
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 944NJ
UT WOS:000304210300014
PM 22572625
ER
PT J
AU Lorbacher, K
Marsland, SJ
Church, JA
Griffies, SM
Stammer, D
AF Lorbacher, K.
Marsland, S. J.
Church, J. A.
Griffies, S. M.
Stammer, D.
TI Rapid barotropic sea level rise from ice sheet melting
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN MODELS; FLUX; GREENLAND
AB Sea level rise associated with idealized Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet melting events is examined using a global coupled ocean sea-ice model that has a free surface formulation and thus can simulate fast barotropic motions. The perturbation experiments follow the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment (CORE) version III. All regions of the global ocean experience a sea level rise within 7-8 days of the initialization of a polar meltwater input of 0.1 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). The fast adjustment contrasts sharply with the slower adjustment associated with the smaller steric sea level evolution that is also connected with melt events. The global mean sea level rises by 9 mm yr(-1) when this forcing is applied either from Greenland or Antarctica. Nevertheless, horizontal inter-basin gradients in sea level remain. For climate adaption in low-lying coastal and island regions, it is critical that the barotropic sea level signal associated with melt events is taken into consideration, as it leads to a fast sea level rise from melting ice sheets for the bulk of the global ocean. A linear relation between sea level rise and global meltwater input is further supported by experiments in which idealized melting occurs only in a region east or west of the Antarctic Peninsula, and when melting rates are varied between 0.01 Sv and 1.0 Sv. The results indicate that in ocean models that do not explicitly represent the barotropic signal, the barotropic component of sea level rise can be added off-line to the simulated steric signal.
C1 [Lorbacher, K.; Marsland, S. J.] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
[Church, J. A.] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Griffies, S. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Stammer, D.] Univ Hamburg, CEN, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Marsland, SJ (reprint author), CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
EM simon.marsland@csiro.au
RI Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Church, John/A-1541-2012
OI Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Church, John/0000-0002-7037-8194
FU NCI National Facility at the ANU; CNES; AusAID; Department of Climate
Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO;
Australian Climate Change Science Program
FX This work was supported by the NCI National Facility at the ANU. The
altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by
Aviso, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs).
This work has been undertaken as part of the Pacific Climate Change
Science Program, funded jointly by AusAID, the Department of Climate
Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, and
as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly
by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of
Meteorology and CSIRO.
NR 32
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 29
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUN 6
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C06003
DI 10.1029/2011JC007733
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 957IK
UT WOS:000305154700001
ER
PT J
AU Adam, S
Hwang, EH
Das Sarma, S
AF Adam, S.
Hwang, E. H.
Das Sarma, S.
TI Two-dimensional transport and screening in topological insulator surface
states
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAPHENE; BI2SE3
AB We study disorder effects on the surface states of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 close to the topologically protected crossing point. Close to charge neutrality, local fluctuations in carrier density arising from the random charged disorder in the environment result in electron and hole puddles that dominate the electronic properties of these materials. By calculating the polarizability of the surface state using the random-phase approximation, and determining the characteristics of puddles using the self-consistent approximation, we find that band asymmetry plays a crucial role in determining experimentally measured quantities, including the conductivity and the puddle autocorrelation length.
C1 [Adam, S.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hwang, E. H.; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Adam, S (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Hwang, Euyheon/A-6239-2013; Das Sarma,
Sankar/B-2400-2009
OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Das Sarma,
Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X
FU US-ONR; NRI-SWAN
FX This work is supported by US-ONR and NRI-SWAN.
NR 24
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 6
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 23
AR 235413
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.235413
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 953HE
UT WOS:000304856800006
ER
PT J
AU Ayres, KL
Booth, RK
Hempelmann, JA
Koski, KL
Emmons, CK
Baird, RW
Balcomb-Bartok, K
Hanson, MB
Ford, MJ
Wasser, SK
AF Ayres, Katherine L.
Booth, Rebecca K.
Hempelmann, Jennifer A.
Koski, Kari L.
Emmons, Candice K.
Baird, Robin W.
Balcomb-Bartok, Kelley
Hanson, M. Bradley
Ford, Michael J.
Wasser, Samuel K.
TI Distinguishing the Impacts of Inadequate Prey and Vessel Traffic on an
Endangered Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Population
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON;
THYROID-HORMONE; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; GROWTH-HORMONE; DETECTION DOGS;
DIVERSE ARRAY; STRESS; PACIFIC
AB Managing endangered species often involves evaluating the relative impacts of multiple anthropogenic and ecological pressures. This challenge is particularly formidable for cetaceans, which spend the majority of their time underwater. Noninvasive physiological approaches can be especially informative in this regard. We used a combination of fecal thyroid (T3) and glucocorticoid (GC) hormone measures to assess two threats influencing the endangered southern resident killer whales (SRKW; Orcinus orca) that frequent the inland waters of British Columbia, Canada and Washington, U. S. A. Glucocorticoids increase in response to nutritional and psychological stress, whereas thyroid hormone declines in response to nutritional stress but is unaffected by psychological stress. The inadequate prey hypothesis argues that the killer whales have become prey limited due to reductions of their dominant prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The vessel impact hypothesis argues that high numbers of vessels in close proximity to the whales cause disturbance via psychological stress and/or impaired foraging ability. The GC and T3 measures supported the inadequate prey hypothesis. In particular, GC concentrations were negatively correlated with short-term changes in prey availability. Whereas, T3 concentrations varied by date and year in a manner that corresponded with more long-term prey availability. Physiological correlations with prey overshadowed any impacts of vessels since GCs were lowest during the peak in vessel abundance, which also coincided with the peak in salmon availability. Our results suggest that identification and recovery of strategic salmon populations in the SRKW diet are important to effectively promote SRKW recovery.
C1 [Ayres, Katherine L.; Booth, Rebecca K.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Despartment Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hempelmann, Jennifer A.; Emmons, Candice K.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Ford, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Koski, Kari L.] Whale Museum, Soundwatch Boater Educ Program, Friday Harbor, WA USA.
[Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA.
RP Ayres, KL (reprint author), HT Harvey & Associates, Fresno, CA USA.
EM kayres@harveyecology.com
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Northwest Fisheries
Science Center; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and
Ocean, Washington Sea Grant [NA10OAR417005]; Canadian Consulate General,
Northwest Science Association; University of Washington Department of
Biology; Center for Conservation Biology; Northwest Fisheries Science
Center; NOAA
FX This work has been funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration-Northwest Fisheries Science Center, the Joint Institute
for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, Washington Sea Grant No.
NA10OAR417005, the Canadian Consulate General, Northwest Science
Association, University of Washington Department of Biology, Lynn
Riddiford and Jim Truman, Elizabeth Welch and the Center for
Conservation Biology. M.J. Ford, M. B. Hanson, J. Hempelmann, and C.
Emmons are employees of Northwest Fisheries Science Center. All authors
were involved in the preparation of the manuscript. M. B. Hanson, J.
Hempelmann, and C. Emmons were involved in data collection and analysis.
K. L. Ayres, R. K. Booth are employees with the Center for Conservation
Biology, a nonprofit directed by S. K. Wasser. K. L. Ayres and S. K.
Wasser designed the study, applied for funding, collected data and did
most of the analysis, decision to publish and preparation of the
manuscript. R. K. Booth was involved in study design/methods and data
analysis. The other funding agencies had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.; Authors Michael J. Ford and M. Bradley Hanson were
partially responsible for funding decisions from Northwest Fisheries
Science Center. Washington SeaGrant is also administered by NOAA,
however the NOAA employees that are authors on this paper were not
directly involved with SeaGrant funding decisions. Funding from this
agency was a major part of funding this research. Authors Katherine
Ayres, Rebecca Booth and Samuel Wasser work for the Center for
Conservation Biology, which also partially funded this work. Author Kari
Koski is an employee for the Soundwatch Boater Education program that
provided the vessel traffic data for this research. Soundwatch is a
boater education program that often consults on vessel regulations
decisions based on their monitoring research. This does not alter the
authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and
materials.
NR 80
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 13
U2 126
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 6
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 6
AR e36842
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036842
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959WK
UT WOS:000305348400007
PM 22701560
ER
PT J
AU Munoz, RC
Zgliczynski, BJ
Laughlin, JL
Teer, BZ
AF Munoz, Roldan C.
Zgliczynski, Brian J.
Laughlin, Joseph L.
Teer, Bradford Z.
TI Extraordinary Aggressive Behavior from the Giant Coral Reef Fish,
Bolbometopon muricatum, in a Remote Marine Reserve
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; IMPACTS; KNOWLEDGE; HABITATS; SIZE
AB Human impacts to terrestrial and marine communities are widespread and typically begin with the local extirpation of large-bodied animals. In the marine environment, few pristine areas relatively free of human impact remain to provide baselines of ecosystem function and goals for restoration efforts. Recent comparisons of remote and/or protected coral reefs versus impacted sites suggest remote systems are dominated by apex predators, yet in these systems the ecological role of nonpredatory, large-bodied, highly vulnerable species such as the giant bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) has received less attention. Overfishing of Bolbometopon has lead to precipitous declines in population density and avoidance of humans throughout its range, contributing to its status as a candidate species under the U. S. Endangered Species Act and limiting opportunities to study unexploited populations. Here we show that extraordinary ecological processes, such as violent headbutting contests by the world's largest parrotfish, can be revealed by studying unexploited ecosystems, such as the coral reefs of Wake Atoll where we studied an abundant population of Bolbometopon. Bolbometopon is among the largest of coral reef fishes and is a well known, charismatic species, yet to our knowledge, no scientific documentation of ritualized headbutting exists for marine fishes. Our observations of aggressive headbutting by Bolbometopon underscore that remote locations and marine reserves, by inhibiting negative responses to human observers and by allowing the persistence of historical conditions, can provide valuable opportunities to study ecosystems in their natural state, thereby facilitating the discovery, conservation, and interpretation of a range of sometimes remarkable behavioral and ecological processes.
C1 [Munoz, Roldan C.; Teer, Bradford Z.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Laughlin, Joseph L.] Mariculture Hawaii LLC, Ashland, OR USA.
RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC USA.
EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Proactive Species Conservation Program
FX Support was provided by the NOAA Proactive Species Conservation Program
to RCM and BJZ. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 15
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD JUN 6
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 6
AR e38120
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0038120
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959WK
UT WOS:000305348400036
PM 22701606
ER
PT J
AU Lintner, BR
Biasutti, M
Diffenbaugh, NS
Lee, JE
Niznik, MJ
Findell, KL
AF Lintner, Benjamin R.
Biasutti, Michela
Diffenbaugh, Noah S.
Lee, Jung-Eun
Niznik, Matthew J.
Findell, Kirsten L.
TI Amplification of wet and dry month occurrence over tropical land regions
in response to global warming
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; SATELLITE; TRENDS;
VARIABILITY; MODELS; GPCP
AB Quantifying how global warming impacts the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation represents a key scientific challenge with profound implications for human welfare. Utilizing monthly precipitation data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) climate change simulations, the results here show that the occurrence of very dry (<0.5 mm/day) and very wet (>10 mm/day) months comprises a straightforward, robust metric of anthropogenic warming on tropical land region rainfall. In particular, differencing tropics-wide precipitation frequency histograms for 25-year periods over the late 21st and 20th centuries shows increased late-21st-century occurrence of histogram extremes both in the model ensemble and across individual models. Mechanistically, such differences are consistent with the view of enhanced tropical precipitation spatial gradients. Similar diagnostics are calculated for two 15-year subperiods over 1979-2008 for the CMIP3 models and three observational precipitation products to assess whether the signature of late-21st-century warming has already emerged in response to recent warming. While both the observations and CMIP3 ensemble-mean hint at similar amplification in the warmer (1994-2008) subinterval, the changes are not robust, as substantial differences are evident among the observational products and the intraensemble spread is large. Comparing histograms computed from the warmest and coolest years of the observational period further demonstrates effects of internal variability, notably the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, which appear to oppose the impact of quasi-uniform anthropogenic warming on the wet tail of the monthly precipitation distribution. These results identify the increase of very dry and wet occurrences in monthly precipitation as a potential signature of anthropogenic global warming but also highlight the continuing dominance of internal climate variability on even bulk measures of tropical rainfall.
C1 [Lintner, Benjamin R.; Niznik, Matthew J.] State Univ New Jersey, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Biasutti, Michela] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA.
[Diffenbaugh, Noah S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Lee, Jung-Eun] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Findell, Kirsten L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Lintner, BR (reprint author), State Univ New Jersey, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
EM lintner@envsci.rutgers.edu
RI Lee, Jung-Eun/F-8981-2012; Findell, Kirsten/D-4430-2014; Diffenbaugh,
Noah/I-5920-2014; Biasutti, Michela/G-3804-2012;
OI Diffenbaugh, Noah/0000-0002-8856-4964; Biasutti,
Michela/0000-0001-6681-1533; Niznik, Matthew/0000-0003-2904-3146
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF [AGS-1103209]; New
Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch [NJ07102]; DOE; Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX B.R.L. and M.B. contributed equally to this work. We thank the British
Atmospheric Data Centre for providing access to the CRU data and thank
Anthony DeAngelis for useful comments on the text. We acknowledge the
modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling
(WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel
data set. Support for this data set is provided by the Office of
Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Our work was supported by NSF
AGS-1103209 and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch grant
NJ07102. N.S.D. acknowledges support from DOE's program in Integrated
Assessment of Global Climate Change. J.-E.L. acknowledges that part of
the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 5
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D11106
DI 10.1029/2012JD017499
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 957GF
UT WOS:000305147200005
ER
PT J
AU Rowland, SM
Striegel, AM
AF Rowland, Steven M.
Striegel, Andre M.
TI Characterization of Copolymers and Blends by Quintuple-Detector
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY; MULTIPLE
DETECTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER; MACROMOLECULES; DEGRADATION;
INTERFACES; SEPARATION
AB The properties imparted, oftentimes synergistically, by the different components of copolymers and blends account for the widespread use of these in a variety of industrial products. Most often, however, processing and end-use of these materials (especially copolymers) is optimized empirically, due to a lack of understanding of the physicochemical phase-space occupied by the macromolecules. Here, this shortcoming is addressed via a quintuple-detector size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method consisting of multiangle static light scattering (MALS), quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS), differential viscometry (VISC), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV), and differential refractometry (DRI) coupled online to the separation method. Applying the SEC/MALS/QELS/VISC/UV/DRI method to the study of a poly(acrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) copolymer in which both monomer finictionalities absorb in the same region of the UV spectrum, we demonstrate how to determine the chemical heterogeneity, molar mass averages and distribution, and solution conformation of the copolymer all in a single analysis. Additionally, through the various mutually independent conformational and architectural metrics provided by combining the five detectors, including the fractal dimension (derived from two different detector combinations), two different dimensionless size parameters, the chemical heterogeneity, and the persistence length, it is shown that the monomeric arrangement is more alternating than random at lower molar masses, thus causing the copolymer to adopt a more extended conformation in solution in this molar mass (M) regime. At high M, however, the copolymer is shown to be and to behave more like a random coil homopolymer, after passing through a 250 kg mol(-1)-broad region of intermediate chain flexibility. Thus, the combination of five detectors provides a unique means by which to determine absolute properties of the copolymer, solution-specific physical behavior, and the underlying chemical basis of the latter. The quintuple-detector method was also extended to the study of blends of polyacrylamide and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) homopolymers to quantitate their molar mass, solution conformation, and chemical heterogeneity and to shed light on the breadth of the distributions of the component species. The method presented should be applicable to the study of copolymers and blends in which either one or both component moieties or polymers absorb in the UV region and can be implemented using not only SEC but other size-based separation methods as well.
C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rowland, Steven M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andre.striegel@nist.gov
NR 37
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JUN 5
PY 2012
VL 84
IS 11
BP 4812
EP 4820
DI 10.1021/ac3003775
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 952HK
UT WOS:000304783100026
PM 22591263
ER
PT J
AU Anton, SM
Muller, C
Birenbaum, JS
O'Kelley, SR
Fefferman, AD
Golubev, DS
Hilton, GC
Cho, HM
Irwin, KD
Wellstood, FC
Schon, G
Shnirman, A
Clarke, J
AF Anton, S. M.
Mueller, C.
Birenbaum, J. S.
O'Kelley, S. R.
Fefferman, A. D.
Golubev, D. S.
Hilton, G. C.
Cho, H. -M.
Irwin, K. D.
Wellstood, F. C.
Schoen, Gerd
Shnirman, A.
Clarke, John
TI Pure dephasing in flux qubits due to flux noise with spectral density
scaling as 1/f(alpha)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM; DEVICES; STATES
AB For many types of superconducting qubits, magnetic flux noise is a source of pure dephasing. Measurements on a representative dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) over a range of temperatures show that S-Phi(f) = A(2)/(f/1 Hz)(alpha), where S-Phi is the flux noise spectral density, A is of the order of 1 mu Phi(0) Hz(-1/2), 0.61 <= alpha <= 0.95, and Phi(0) is the flux quantum. For a qubit with an energy level splitting linearly coupled to the applied flux, calculations of the dependence of the pure dephasing time tau(phi) of Ramsey and echo pulse sequences on alpha for fixed A show that tau(phi) decreases rapidly as alpha is reduced. We find that tau(phi) is relatively insensitive to the noise bandwidth, f(1) <= f <= f(2), for all alpha provided the ultraviolet cutoff frequency f(2) > 1/tau(phi). We calculate the ratio tau(phi,E)/tau(phi,R) of the echo (E) and Ramsey (R) sequences and the dependence of the decay function on alpha and f(2). We investigate the case in which S-Phi(f(0)) is fixed at the "pivot frequency" f(0) not equal 1 Hz while alpha is varied and find that the choice of f(0) can greatly influence the sensitivity of tau(phi,E) and tau(phi,R) to the value of alpha. Finally, we present calculated values of tau(phi) in a qubit corresponding to the values of A and alpha measured in our SQUID.
C1 [Anton, S. M.; Birenbaum, J. S.; O'Kelley, S. R.; Fefferman, A. D.; Clarke, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Mueller, C.; Shnirman, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theorie Kondensierten Mat, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Mueller, C.] Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Phys, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Golubev, D. S.; Schoen, Gerd] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Hilton, G. C.; Cho, H. -M.; Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Schoen, Gerd] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Anton, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Schon, Gerd/A-3582-2008; Muller, Clemens/F-4812-2011; Golubev,
Dmitry/M-3283-2014
OI Muller, Clemens/0000-0001-8015-3143; Golubev, Dmitry/0000-0002-0609-8921
FU CFN of the DFG; Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI),
Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the
Army Research Office
FX This research was funded by the CFN of the DFG and by the Office of the
Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research
Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office.
NR 31
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 5
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 22
AR 224505
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.224505
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 952QI
UT WOS:000304806900002
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, BM
Juzeliunas, G
Galitski, VM
Spielman, IB
AF Anderson, Brandon M.
Juzeliunas, Gediminas
Galitski, Victor M.
Spielman, I. B.
TI Synthetic 3D Spin-Orbit Coupling
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELDS
AB We describe a method for creating a three-dimensional analogue to Rashba spin-orbit coupling in systems of ultracold atoms. This laser induced coupling uses Raman transitions to link four internal atomic states with a tetrahedral geometry, and gives rise to a Dirac point that is robust against environmental perturbations. We present an exact result showing that such a spin-orbit coupling in a fermionic system always gives rise to a molecular bound state.
C1 [Anderson, Brandon M.; Galitski, Victor M.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Anderson, Brandon M.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Juzeliunas, Gediminas] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania.
[Galitski, Victor M.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Anderson, BM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Anderson, Brandon/H-4196-2013
OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902
FU MURI; DARPA OLE; EU; Lithuanian Research Council [MIP-082/2012]; US-ARO
FX I. B. S. acknowledges the NSF through the PFC at JQI, and the ARO with
funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and the DARPA OLE Program. G. J.
acknowledges support by the EU FP7 Project STREP NAMEQUAM and the
Lithuanian Research Council Project No. MIP-082/2012. V. G. was
supported by US-ARO. B. A. would like to thank M. Cheng and S. Takei for
helpful conversations.
NR 28
TC 93
Z9 95
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 5
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 23
AR 235301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.235301
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 952QB
UT WOS:000304806100008
PM 23003967
ER
PT J
AU Bennett, LH
Provenzano, V
Shull, RD
Levin, I
Della Torre, E
Jin, Y
AF Bennett, L. H.
Provenzano, V.
Shull, R. D.
Levin, I.
Della Torre, E.
Jin, Y.
TI Ferri- to ferro-magnetic transition in the martensitic phase of a
Heusler alloy
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Heusler alloys; First-order magneto-structural transformation;
Ferri-to-ferromagnetic transition; Conventional and inverse
magnetocaloric effects; Magnetic hysteresis
ID NI-MN-GA; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ENTROPY CHANGE; REFRIGERATION;
TRANSFORMATION; NI2MNGA; HOTIGE; SYSTEM
AB During the past decade the magnetic properties of Heusler alloys have been extensively studied, motivated in part by the observation of large magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) displayed by these alloys near room temperature. We present new data and develop a consistent mechanism to explain the complex hysteretic behavior of a Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy. The magnetization of this alloy is characterized by two critical temperatures. Below the lower critical temperature, the alloy is a ferrimagnetic martensite. Between the two critical temperatures, the alloy is a ferromagnetic martensite. Above the higher critical temperature, it is a paramagnetic austenite. The transitions at both critical temperatures are first order. The ferri-to-ferromagnetic transition and the crystallographic martensite-to-austenite transition explain the various facets observed in the M-ZFC and M-FC vs. T plots and their variations with increasing magnetic field. The model successfully explains the isothermal M vs. H loops near room temperature, whose behavior is strongly dependent on the initial magnetic state. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Provenzano, V.; Shull, R. D.; Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bennett, L. H.; Della Torre, E.; Jin, Y.] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Provenzano, V (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM virgil.provenzano@nist.gov
RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013
NR 42
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD JUN 5
PY 2012
VL 525
BP 34
EP 38
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.02.062
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 922UV
UT WOS:000302574800007
ER
PT J
AU Bose, R
Cai, T
Solomon, GS
Waks, E
AF Bose, Ranojoy
Cai, Tao
Solomon, Glenn S.
Waks, Edo
TI All-optical tuning of a quantum dot in a coupled cavity system
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCAVITY
AB We demonstrate a method for tuning a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) onto resonance with a cavity mode all-optically using a system comprised of two evanescently coupled cavities containing a single QD. One resonance of the coupled cavity system is utilized to generate a cavity enhanced optical Stark shift, enabling the QD to be resonantly tuned to the other cavity mode. A twenty-seven fold increase in photon emission from the QD is measured when the off-resonant QD is Stark shifted onto the cavity mode resonance, which is attributed to radiative enhancement of the QD. A maximum tuning of 0.06 nm is achieved for the QD at an incident power of 88 mu W. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4719065]
C1 [Bose, Ranojoy; Cai, Tao; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426
FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; ARO MURI [W911NF09104];
physics frontier center at the joint quantum institute; ONR applied
electromagnetic center [N00014-09-1-1190]; NSF [ECCS-0846494]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from a DARPA Defense
Science Office Grant (No. W31P4Q0910013), the ARO MURI on Hybrid quantum
interactions Grant (No. W911NF09104), the physics frontier center at the
joint quantum institute, and the ONR applied electromagnetic center
N00014-09-1-1190. E. Waks would like to acknowledge support from an NSF
CAREER award Grant (No. ECCS-0846494).
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 4
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 23
AR 231107
DI 10.1063/1.4719065
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 956LA
UT WOS:000305089900007
ER
PT J
AU Fortier, TM
Nelson, CW
Hati, A
Quinlan, F
Taylor, J
Jiang, H
Chou, CW
Rosenband, T
Lemke, N
Ludlow, A
Howe, D
Oates, CW
Diddams, SA
AF Fortier, T. M.
Nelson, C. W.
Hati, A.
Quinlan, F.
Taylor, J.
Jiang, H.
Chou, C. W.
Rosenband, T.
Lemke, N.
Ludlow, A.
Howe, D.
Oates, C. W.
Diddams, S. A.
TI Sub-femtosecond absolute timing jitter with a 10 GHz hybrid
photonic-microwave oscillator
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERATION; SIGNALS; LASER
AB We present an optical-electronic approach to generating microwave signals with high spectral purity. By circumventing shot noise and operating near fundamental thermal limits, we demonstrate 10GHz signals with an absolute timing jitter for a single hybrid oscillator of 420 attoseconds (1Hz-5GHz). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4726122]
C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Quinlan, F.; Taylor, J.; Jiang, H.; Chou, C. W.; Rosenband, T.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Howe, D.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov
RI jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke,
Nathan/L-9059-2013
OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715
NR 26
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 4
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 23
AR 231111
DI 10.1063/1.4726122
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 956LA
UT WOS:000305089900011
ER
PT J
AU Malingowski, AC
Stephens, PW
Huq, A
Huang, QZ
Khalid, S
Khalifah, PG
AF Malingowski, Andrew C.
Stephens, Peter W.
Huq, Ashfia
Huang, Qingzhen
Khalid, Syed
Khalifah, Peter G.
TI Substitutional Mechanism of Ni into the Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductor
InTaO4 and Its Implications for Water Splitting Activity in the
Wolframite Structure Type
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; DOPED INTAO4;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; OXIDE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; TANTALATE; IFEFFIT;
SERIES; O-2
AB The mechanism of Ni substitution into the oxide semiconductor InTaO4 has been studied through a combination of structural and spectroscopic techniques, providing insights into its previously reported photoactivity. Magnetic susceptibility and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) measurements demonstrate that nickel is divalent within the host lattice. The combined refinement of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data indicates that the product of Ni doping has the stoichiometry of (In1-xNi2x/3Tax/3)TaO4 with a solubility limit of x approximate to 0.18, corresponding to 12% Ni on the In site. Single-phase samples were only obtained at synthesis temperatures of 1150 degrees C or higher due to the sluggish reaction mechanism that is hypothesized to result from small free energy differences between (In1-xNi2x/3Tax/3)TaO4 compounds with different x values. Undoped InTaO4 is shown to have an indirect band gap of 3.96 eV, with direct optical transitions becoming allowed at photon energies in excess of 5.1 eV. Very small band-gap reductions (less than 0.2 eV) result from Ni doping, and the origin of the yellow color of (In1-xNi2x/3Tax/3)TaO4 compounds instead results from a weak (3)A(2g) -> T-3(1g) internal d -> d transition not associated with the conduction or valence band that is common to oxide compounds with Ni2+ in an octahedral environment.
C1 [Malingowski, Andrew C.; Khalifah, Peter G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Stephens, Peter W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Khalifah, Peter G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Khalid, Syed] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Huang, Qingzhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Khalifah, PG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM kpete@bnl.gov
RI Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013
OI Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE under the BES
Hydrogen Fuel Initiative; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This work was in part carried out at BNL under Contract
DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We also gratefully
acknowledge the U.S. DOE for funding under the BES Hydrogen Fuel
Initiative. A portion of this Research at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific
User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S.
Department of Energy. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Saul Lapidus for his
experimental assistance in utilizing beamline X16C. Diffuse reflectance
data was collected at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Center for
Functional Nanomaterials, which is supported by the Department of Energy
under grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. We acknowledge the support of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of
Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this
work.
NR 37
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 53
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD JUN 4
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 11
BP 6096
EP 6103
DI 10.1021/ic202715c
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 951NY
UT WOS:000304728500015
PM 22530995
ER
PT J
AU Xue, YK
Vasic, R
Janjic, Z
Liu, YM
Chu, PC
AF Xue, Yongkang
Vasic, Ratko
Janjic, Zavisa
Liu, Y. M.
Chu, Peter C.
TI The impact of spring subsurface soil temperature anomaly in the western
U.S. on North American summer precipitation: A case study using regional
climate model downscaling
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SNOW COVER; MONSOON; SIMULATIONS;
MEMORY; NCEP; SENSITIVITY
AB This study explores the impact of spring subsurface soil temperature (SUBT) anomaly in the western U. S. on North American summer precipitation, mainly southeastern U. S., and possible mechanisms using a regional climate Eta model and a general circulation model (GCM). The GCM produces the lateral boundary condition (LBC) for the Eta model. Two initial SUBT conditions (one cold and another warm) on May 1st were assigned for the GCM runs and the corresponding Eta runs. The results suggest that antecedent May 1st warm initial SUBT in the western U. S. contributes positive June precipitation over the southern U. S. and less precipitation to the north, consistent with the observed anomalies between a year with a warm spring and a year with a cold spring in the western U. S. The anomalous cyclone induced by the surface heating due to SUBT anomaly propagated eastward through Rossby waves in westerly mean flow. In addition, the steering flow also contributed to the dissipation of perturbation in the northeastern U. S. and its enhancement in southeastern U. S. However, these results were obtained only when the Eta model run was driven by the corresponding GCM run. When the same reanalysis data were applied for both (cold and warm initial SUBT) Eta runs' LBCs, the precipitation anomalies could not be properly produced, indicating the intimate dependence of the regional climate sensitivity downscaling on the imposed global climate forcing, especially when the impact was through wave propagation in the large-scale atmospheric flow.
C1 [Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Xue, Yongkang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Vasic, Ratko; Janjic, Zavisa] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Liu, Y. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Chu, Peter C.] USN, Naval Ocean Anal & Predict Lab, Dept Oceanog, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, 1255 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu
FU NOAA [NA05OAR4310010, NA07OAR4310226]; U.S. National Science Foundation
[ATM-0751030]
FX This research was supported by NOAA grants NA05OAR4310010 and
NA07OAR4310226 and by U.S. National Science Foundation grant
ATM-0751030. The NCAR super computer was used for the computation. The
authors sincerely thank Lan Yi for her early work on this paper and Y.
Zhu of NCEP for his help in applying the Breeding Method for the
ensemble simulation. We also appreciate David Neelin of UCLA's very
constructive and helpful discussions.
NR 37
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 2
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D11103
DI 10.1029/2012JD017692
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 952CG
UT WOS:000304766700004
ER
PT J
AU De Leoz, MLA
Tarlov, MJ
AF De Leoz, Maria Lorna A.
Tarlov, Michael J.
TI Maria Lorna A De Leoz
SO BIOANALYSIS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [De Leoz, Maria Lorna A.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[De Leoz, Maria Lorna A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP De Leoz, MLA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM marialorna.deleoz@nist.gov; michael.tarlov@nist.gov
OI De Leoz, Maria Lorna/0000-0001-9846-5524
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU FUTURE SCI LTD
PI LONDON
PA UNITED HOUSE, 2 ALBERT PL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND
SN 1757-6180
J9 BIOANALYSIS
JI Bioanalysis
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 12
BP 1407
EP 1409
DI 10.4155/BIO.1296
PG 3
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 073SY
UT WOS:000313764000008
PM 22793024
ER
PT J
AU Holmes, EE
Ward, EJ
Wills, K
AF Holmes, Elizabeth E.
Ward, Eric J.
Wills, Kellie
TI MARSS: Multivariate Autoregressive State-space Models for Analyzing
Time-series Data
SO R JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; COMMON TRENDS;
POPULATIONS
AB MARSS is a package for fitting multivariate autoregressive state-space models to time-series data. The MARSS package implements state-space models in a maximum likelihood framework. The core functionality of MARSS is based on likelihood maximization using the Kalman filter/smoother, combined with an EM algorithm. To make comparisons with other packages available, parameter estimation is also permitted via direct search routines available in 'optim'. The MARSS package allows data to contain missing values and allows a wide variety of model structures and constraints to be specified (such as fixed or shared parameters). In addition to model-fitting, the package provides bootstrap routines for simulating data and generating confidence intervals, and multiple options for calculating model selection criteria (such as AIC).
C1 [Holmes, Elizabeth E.; Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Wills, Kellie] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Holmes, EE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM eli.holmes@noaa.gov; eric.ward@noaa.gov; willsk@u.washington.edu
NR 29
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 3
U2 36
PU R FOUNDATION STATISTICAL COMPUTING
PI WIEN
PA WIRTSCHAFTSUNIVERSITAT, INST STATISTICS & MATHEMATICS, AUGASSE 2-6,
WIEN, 1090, AUSTRIA
SN 2073-4859
J9 R J
JI R Journal
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 1
BP 11
EP 19
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics &
Probability
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA 066CO
UT WOS:000313197700003
ER
PT J
AU Kim, D
Cho, S
Butch, NP
Syers, P
Kirshenbaum, K
Adam, S
Paglione, J
Fuhrer, MS
AF Kim, Dohun
Cho, Sungjae
Butch, Nicholas P.
Syers, Paul
Kirshenbaum, Kevin
Adam, Shaffique
Paglione, Johnpierre
Fuhrer, Michael S.
TI Surface conduction of topological Dirac electrons in bulk insulating
Bi2Se3
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAPHENE; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3; NANORIBBONS; TRANSISTOR; SCATTERING;
FERMIONS; STATES; CONE
AB The newly discovered three-dimensional strong topological insulators (STIs) exhibit topologically protected Dirac surface states(1,2). Although the STI surface state has been studied spectroscopically, for example, by photoemission(3-5) and scanned probes(6-10), transport experiments(11-17) have failed to demonstrate the most fundamental signature of the STI: ambipolar metallic electronic transport in the topological surface of an insulating bulk. Here we show that the surfaces of thin (similar to 10 nm), low-doped Bi2Se3 (approximate to 10(17) cm(-3)) crystals are strongly electrostatically coupled, and a gate electrode can completely remove bulk charge carriers and bring both surfaces through the Dirac point simultaneously. We observe clear surface band conduction with a linear Hall resistivity and a well-defined ambipolar field effect, as well as a charge-inhomogeneous minimum conductivity region(18-20). A theory of charge disorder in a Dirac band(19-21) explains well both the magnitude and the variation with disorder strength of the minimum conductivity (2 to 5 e(2)/h per surface) and the residual (puddle) carrier density (0.4 x 10(12) to 4 x 10(12) cm(-2)). From the measured carrier mobilities 320-1,500 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), the charged impurity densities 0.5 x 10(13) to 2.3 x 10(13) cm(-2) are inferred. They are of a similar magnitude to the measured doping levels at zero gate voltage (1 x 10(13) to 3 x 10(13) cm(-2)), identifying dopants as the charged impurities.
C1 [Kim, Dohun; Cho, Sungjae; Butch, Nicholas P.; Syers, Paul; Kirshenbaum, Kevin; Paglione, Johnpierre; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Adam, Shaffique] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mfuhrer@umd.edu
RI Adam, Shaffique/B-3264-2008; Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010; Cho,
Sungjae/D-3184-2014;
OI Adam, Shaffique/0000-0002-3095-9920; Fuhrer,
Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773; Kim, Dohun/0000-0001-9687-2089
FU Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical
Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DESC0001160]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0520471]; Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO [N66001-09-c-2067]; Center for Nanophysics
and Advanced Materials
FX The study of electronic transport in novel materials during
electrochemical modification is supported as part of the Science of
Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage,
an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award
Number DESC0001160. Additional support was provided by the National
Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-1105224. Preparation of
Bi2Se3 was supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-0520471)
and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO award
(N66001-09-c-2067). N.P.B. was partially supported by the Center for
Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. The authors acknowledge useful
conversations with S. Das Sarma, E. Hwang and D. Culcer.
NR 30
TC 186
Z9 186
U1 9
U2 168
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 6
BP 459
EP 463
DI 10.1038/NPHYS2286
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 950RW
UT WOS:000304667500011
ER
PT J
AU Sethi, SA
Dalton, M
AF Sethi, Suresh Andrew
Dalton, Mike
TI Risk Measures for Natural Resource Management: Description, Simulation
Testing, and R Code With Fisheries Examples
SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE fisheries; natural resource management; risk assessment; variability
ID CONDITIONAL VALUE; CONSERVATION; SYSTEMS
AB Traditional measures that quantify variation in natural resource systems include both upside and downside deviations as contributing to variability, such as standard deviation or the coefficient of variation. Here we introduce three risk measures from investment theory, which quantify variability in natural resource systems by analyzing either upside or downside outcomes and typical or extreme outcomes separately: semideviation, conditional value-at-risk, and probability of ruin. Risk measures can be custom tailored to frame variability as a performance measure in terms directly meaningful to specific management objectives, such as presenting risk as harvest expected in an extreme bad year, or by characterizing risk as the probability of fishery escapement falling below a prescribed threshold. In this paper, we present formulae, empirical examples from commercial fisheries, and R code to calculate three risk measures. In addition, we evaluated risk measure performance with simulated data, and we found that risk measures can provide unbiased estimates at small sample sizes. By decomposing complex variability into quantitative metrics, we envision risk measures to be useful across a range of wildlife management scenarios, including policy decision analyses, comparative analyses across systems, and tracking the state of natural resource systems through time.
C1 [Sethi, Suresh Andrew] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Dalton, Mike] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Sethi, SA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
EM suresh_sethi@fws.gov
FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Region 7 U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; National Science Foundation
FX We thank the Alaska Fisheries Science Center and the Region 7 U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service for support during this work. We thank three
anonymous reviewers and the JFWM Subject Editors for their thoughtful
comments, which improved this manuscript. S. A. S. was partially
supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship during
this work.
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 10
PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE
PI SHEPHERDSTOWN
PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698
CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA
SN 1944-687X
J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG
JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 1
BP 150
EP 157
DI 10.3996/122011-JFWM-072
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 044NF
UT WOS:000311625900013
ER
PT J
AU Trivelpiece, CL
Petrunis, JJ
Pantano, CG
Downing, RG
AF Trivelpiece, Cory L.
Petrunis, John J.
Pantano, Carlo G.
Downing, R. Gregory
TI Glass Surface Layer Density by Neutron Depth Profiling
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SIO2
AB Several lithium-disilicate (Li2O center dot 2SiO(2)) glass samples were synthesized, polished and subjected to static leach tests for varying periods of time in an HCl solution (pH 4) at 90 degrees C. The presence of an alteration layer on the leached specimens was independently confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. These samples were then analyzed with neutron depth profiling (NDP), and for all exposure times between 1 and 20 h, a leached layer was detected by NDP. The residual concentration of Li-6 in the alteration layer was observed to be approximately 10% of the bulk glass value. The 7.5 h and 17.5 h samples were cross-sectioned using focused ion beam milling, and the thickness of the alteration layer on the samples was measured directly using scanning electron microscopy to be 9.8 and 22.9 mu m, respectively. The areal density of the gel layers - determined by deconvolution of the NDP spectra - was coupled with the SEM measurement to give densities of 1.46 +/- 0.08 g/cm(3) for the 7.5 h specimen and 1.46 +/- 0.05 g/cm(3) for the 17.5 h specimen. This preliminary work shows that NDP can be used to determine the average density of gel layers formed owing to leaching of alkali-silicate glass.
C1 [Trivelpiece, Cory L.; Petrunis, John J.; Pantano, Carlo G.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Downing, R. Gregory] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Trivelpiece, CL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM clt158@psu.edu
FU DOE-NEUP Program [SRCN 00101956]
FX This work was supported by the DOE-NEUP Program (SRCN 00101956). The
authors also acknowledge Trevor Clark and the Materials Characterization
Lab at the Pennsylvania State University for help with FIB and FTIR.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA
SN 2041-1286
J9 INT J APPL GLASS SCI
JI Int. J. Appl. Glass Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 2
SI SI
BP 137
EP 143
DI 10.1111/j.2041-1294.2012.00088.x
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA 034CZ
UT WOS:000310849000004
ER
PT J
AU Gavrilov, AN
McCauley, RD
Gedamke, J
AF Gavrilov, Alexander N.
McCauley, Robert D.
Gedamke, Jason
TI Steady inter and intra-annual decrease in the vocalization frequency of
Antarctic blue whales
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIAN-OCEAN; PROPAGATION
AB Time averaged narrow-band noise near 27 Hz produced by vocalizations of many distant Antarctic blue whales intensifies seasonally from early February to late October in the ocean off Australia's South West. Spectral characteristics of long term patterns in this noise band were analyzed using ambient noise data collected at the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty hydroacoustic station off Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia over 2002-2010. Within 7 day averaged noise spectra derived from 4096-point FFT (similar to 0.06 Hz frequency resolution), the -3-dB width of the spectral peak from the upper tone of Antarctic blue whale vocalization was about 0.5 Hz. The spectral frequency peak of this tonal call was regularly but not gradually decreasing over the 9 years of observation from similar to 27.7 Hz in 2002 to similar to 26.6 Hz in 2010. The average frequency peak steadily decreased at a greater rate within a season at 0.4-0.5 Hz/season but then in the next year recovered to approximately the mean value of the previous season. A regression analysis showed that the interannual decrease rate of the peak frequency of the upper tonal call was 0.135 +/- 0.003 Hz/year over 2002-2010 (R-2 approximate to 0.99). Possible causes of such a decline in the whale vocalization frequency are considered. (C) 2012 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4707425]
C1 [Gavrilov, Alexander N.; McCauley, Robert D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
[Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Fisheries Ocean Acoust Program, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Gavrilov, AN (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
EM a.gavrilov@cmst.curtin.edu.au
RI Gavrilov, Alexander/B-2812-2013
NR 14
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 19
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 131
IS 6
BP 4476
EP 4480
DI 10.1121/1.4707425
PG 5
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 010ZQ
UT WOS:000309133500037
PM 22712920
ER
PT J
AU Gergel-Hackett, N
Tedesco, JL
Richter, CA
AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine
Tedesco, Joseph L.
Richter, Curt A.
TI Memristors With Flexible Electronic Applications
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
LA English
DT Article
DE Flexible electronics; flexible memory; memristor; resistive memory
ID ORGANIC NONVOLATILE MEMORIES; RESISTIVE SWITCHING MEMORY; FIELD-EFFECT
TRANSISTORS; RESISTANCE-CHANGE MEMORY; PHASE-SEPARATED BLENDS; OXIDE
THIN-FILMS; GRAPHENE OXIDE; DEVICES; BISTABILITY; SUBSTRATE
AB In addition to the potential for memristors to be used in logic, memory, smart interconnects, and biologically inspired architectures that could transform traditional silicon-based computing, memristors may enable such transformative technologies on physically flexible substrates. The simple structure of a memristor, which generally consists of a thin film of oxide sandwiched between two metal contacts, contributes to its compatibility with existing and future large area flexible electronics. This is especially true considering that recent work has demonstrated the ability for titanium dioxide-based memristors to be deposited from solution at room temperature by using a sol gel technique on a flexible polymer substrate. The integration of memristors with traditional flexible devices (such as thin-film organic, zinc oxide, or amorphous-Si transistors) may enable the realization of a new paradigm in computing technology through lightweight, inexpensive, flexible electronics.
C1 [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine] Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA.
[Tedesco, Joseph L.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA.
EM nghackett@mbc.edu; joseph.tedesco@nist.gov; curt.richter@NIST.gov
NR 80
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 7
U2 108
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9219
EI 1558-2256
J9 P IEEE
JI Proc. IEEE
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 6
SI SI
BP 1971
EP 1978
DI 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2158284
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 020UR
UT WOS:000309840600007
ER
PT J
AU Cheggour, N
Nijhuis, A
Krooshoop, HJG
Lu, XF
Splett, J
Stauffer, TC
Goodrich, LF
Jewell, MC
Devred, A
Nabara, Y
AF Cheggour, N.
Nijhuis, A.
Krooshoop, H. J. G.
Lu, X. F.
Splett, J.
Stauffer, T. C.
Goodrich, L. F.
Jewell, M. C.
Devred, A.
Nabara, Y.
TI Strain and Magnetic-Field Characterization of a Bronze-Route Nb3Sn ITER
Wire: Benchmarking of Strain Measurement Facilities at NIST and
University of Twente
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd International Conference on Magnet Technology (MT)
CY SEP 12-16, 2011
CL ITER Org, Marseille, FRANCE
SP PACA Reg, CEA, IEEE CSC, Iberdrola Ingenieria & Construcc, SAU, Oxford Superconducting Technol, R KIND, Super Power Inc, Western Superconducting Technol Co Ltd
HO ITER Org
DE Benchmarking; ITER; niobium-tin; strain
ID AXIAL STRAIN; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE;
DEVICE
AB A benchmarking experiment was conducted to compare strain measurement facilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Twente. The critical current of a bronze-route Nb3Sn wire, which was fabricated for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), was measured as a function of axial strain and magnetic field in liquid helium at both institutes. NIST used a Walters' spring strain device and University of Twente used a bending beam ("Pacman") apparatus. The ITER bronze-route wire investigated had a very high irreversible strain limit that allowed comparing data over a wide range of applied strain between -1% and +1%. Similarities of the data obtained by use of the two apparatuses were remarkable, despite the many differences in their design and techniques.
C1 [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.; Splett, J.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Nijhuis, A.; Krooshoop, H. J. G.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
[Jewell, M. C.; Devred, A.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France.
[Nabara, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan.
RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov; A.Nijhuis@utwente.nl
RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012
OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065
NR 20
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 3
AR 4805104
DI 10.1109/TASC.2011.2177433
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 986SK
UT WOS:000307364700280
ER
PT J
AU Chen, J
Yang, Z
Samei, E
Christianson, O
Dima, A
Filliben, J
Peskin, A
Saiprasad, G
Siegel, E
AF Chen, J.
Yang, Z.
Samei, E.
Christianson, O.
Dima, A.
Filliben, J.
Peskin, A.
Saiprasad, G.
Siegel, E.
TI Evaluating the Impact of Iterative Reconstruction for Three Major CT
Vendors
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the
American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM)
CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012
CL Charlotte, NC
SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM)
C1 [Chen, J.; Yang, Z.; Siegel, E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Samei, E.; Christianson, O.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA.
[Dima, A.; Filliben, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Peskin, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
[Saiprasad, G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 6
BP 3605
EP 3606
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 007RM
UT WOS:000308905804041
ER
PT J
AU Chen-Mayer, H
Tosh, R
Bateman, F
Zimmerman, B
AF Chen-Mayer, H.
Tosh, R.
Bateman, F.
Zimmerman, B.
TI Measurement of CT Dose to An HDPE Phantom Using Calorimetry: A
Feasibility Study
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the
American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM)
CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012
CL Charlotte, NC
SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM)
C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Tosh, R.; Bateman, F.; Zimmerman, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 6
BP 3635
EP 3635
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 007RM
UT WOS:000308905804161
ER
PT J
AU Tosh, R
Bateman, F
Chen-Mayer, H
Malyarenko, E
AF Tosh, R.
Bateman, F.
Chen-Mayer, H.
Malyarenko, E.
TI Ultrasonic Imaging of Dose to Water From a 1.5 MeV Electron Beam
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the
American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM)
CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012
CL Charlotte, NC
SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM)
C1 [Tosh, R.; Bateman, F.; Chen-Mayer, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Malyarenko, E.] Tessonics Corp, Birminingham, MI USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 6
BP 3887
EP 3887
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 007RM
UT WOS:000308905805328
ER
PT J
AU Tosh, R
Bateman, F
Chen-Mayer, H
AF Tosh, R.
Bateman, F.
Chen-Mayer, H.
TI Water Calorimetry of High-Energy Electron Beams at Room Temperature
Under Steady State Conditions
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the
American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM)
CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012
CL Charlotte, NC
SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM)
C1 [Tosh, R.; Bateman, F.; Chen-Mayer, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 6
BP 4010
EP 4010
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 007RM
UT WOS:000308905805814
ER
PT J
AU Chen-Mayer, H
Levine, Z
Judy, P
AF Chen-Mayer, H.
Levine, Z.
Judy, P.
TI Progress in Developing a Standard Reference Material for Lung CT
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 54th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the
American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine (AAPM)
CY JUL 29-AUG 02, 2012
CL Charlotte, NC
SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med (AAPM)
C1 [Chen-Mayer, H.; Levine, Z.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Judy, P.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 6
BP 4015
EP 4015
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 007RM
UT WOS:000308905805834
ER
PT J
AU Dengler, L
Araya, S
Graehl, N
Luna, F
Nicolini, T
AF Dengler, Lori
Araya, Sebastian
Graehl, Nicholas
Luna, Francisco
Nicolini, Troy
TI Factors that Exacerbated or Reduced Impacts of the 27 February 2010
Chile Tsunami
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB The 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake produced a significant tsunami that caused damage along over 600 kilometers of the Chilean coast. At least 124 of the confirmed 525 deaths were attributed to the tsunami. We examine factors that influenced losses from the tsunami. Chile's Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanografico de la Armada (SHOA) issued a tsunami warning about 11 minutes after the earthquake that was canceled shortly afterwards. Few coastal residents heard the warning or the cancelation due to widespread power outages, and the official warning had little impact on survival. Interviews with coastal residents showed a high level of awareness of natural tsunami warning signs. Coastal residents cited the importance of school and government education programs, tsunami evacuation drills, signs, the media, and informed local officials in their decision to evacuate. There were two notable failures: the vulnerability of transient populations and people in areas with no access to high ground. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000033]
C1 [Dengler, Lori; Graehl, Nicholas] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Araya, Sebastian] Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA.
[Nicolini, Troy] NOAA NWS Eureka Forecast Off, Eureka, CA 95501 USA.
RP Dengler, L (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Geol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
FU Humboldt State University Sponsored Program Foundation; Earthquake
Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Learning from Earthquakes Program
FX Financial support was provided by private donations to the Humboldt
State University Sponsored Program Foundation. The Humboldt State
University reconnaissance team operated under the UNESCO/IOC protocols
for International Tsunami Survey Teams and with the support of the
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Learning from
Earthquakes Program. We thank Laura Kong (ITIC), Ricardo Norambuena
(UNESCO), and Marco Cisternas (Escuela Ciencias del Mar, PUCV) for
assistance with logistics and for sharing their insights with us. We
thank Brian Atwater (USGS) and Sergio Barrientos for their extensive
knowledge and background information.
NR 22
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Z9 3
U1 1
U2 11
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 28
SI 1
BP S199
EP S213
DI 10.1193/1.4000033
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 002XT
UT WOS:000308573000012
ER
PT J
AU Wallace, JW
Massone, LM
Bonelli, P
Dragovich, J
Lagos, R
Luders, C
Moehle, J
AF Wallace, John W.
Massone, Leonardo M.
Bonelli, Patricio
Dragovich, Jeff
Lagos, Rene
Lueders, Carl
Moehle, Jack
TI Damage and Implications for Seismic Design of RC Structural Wall
Buildings
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
AB In 1996, Chile adopted NCh433.Of96, which includes seismic design approaches similar to those used in ASCE 7-10 (2010) and a concrete code based on ACI 318-95 (1995). Since reinforced concrete buildings are the predominant form of construction in Chile for buildings over four stories, the 27 February 2010 earthquake provides an excellent opportunity to assess the performance of reinforced concrete buildings designed using modern codes similar to those used in the United States. A description of observed damage is provided and correlated with a number of factors, including relatively high levels of wall axial load, the lack of well-detailed wall boundaries, and the common usage of flanged walls. Based on a detailed assessment of these issues, potential updates to U.S. codes and recommendations are suggested related to design and detailing of special reinforced concrete shear walls. [DOI: 10.1193/1.4000047]
C1 [Wallace, John W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Massone, Leonardo M.] Univ Chile, Dept Civil Engn, Santiago, Chile.
[Bonelli, Patricio] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Obras Civiles, Valparaiso, Chile.
[Dragovich, Jeff] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lagos, Rene] Rene Lagos & Asociados, Santiago, Chile.
[Lueders, Carl] Catholic Univ Chile, Dept Civil & Geotech Engn, Santiago, Chile.
[Moehle, Jack] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Wallace, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 5731 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RI Massone, Leonardo/I-2175-2013
OI Massone, Leonardo/0000-0002-1523-4390
FU EERI Learning From Earthquakes program [NSF CMMI-0758529]; NEEScomm [NSF
CMMI-0927178]
FX Travel funds were provided by the EERI Learning From Earthquakes program
(NSF CMMI-0758529) and by NEEScomm (NSF CMMI-0927178). Opinions,
findings, conclusions, and recommendations in this paper are those of
the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the sponsor or
others mentioned.
NR 25
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Z9 21
U1 1
U2 16
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 28
SI 1
BP S281
EP S299
DI 10.1193/1.4000047
PG 19
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA 002XT
UT WOS:000308573000016
ER
PT J
AU Qi, JG
Bobushev, TS
Kulmatov, R
Groisman, P
Gutman, G
AF Qi, Jiaguo
Bobushev, Temirbek S.
Kulmatov, Rashid
Groisman, Pavel
Gutman, Garik
TI Addressing global change challenges for Central Asian socio-ecosystems
SO FRONTIERS OF EARTH SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Central Asia; climate change; land use and land cover change; water and
food security
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ARAL SEA; WATER-RESOURCES; POPULATION; DISASTER;
IMPACTS; GROWTH; BASIN
AB Central Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions on the planet earth to global climate change, depending on very fragile natural resources. The Soviet legacy has left the five countries (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) with a highly integrated system but they are facing great challenges with tensions that hinder regional coordination of food and water resources. With increasing climate variability and warming trend in the region, food and water security issues become even more crucial now and, if not addressed properly, could affect the regional stability. The long-term drivers of these two most critical elements, food and water, are climate change; the immediate and probably more drastic factors affecting the food and water security are land uses driven by institutional change and economic incentives. As a feedback, changes in land use and land cover have directly implications on water uses, food production, and lifestyles of the rural community in the region. Regional and international efforts have been made to holistically understand the cause, extent, rate and societal implications of land use changes in the region. Much of these have been understood, or under investigation by various projects, but solutions or research effort to develop solutions, to these urgent regional issues are lacking. This article, serves as an introduction to the special issue, provides a brief overview of the challenges facing the Central Asian countries and various international efforts in place that resulted in the publications of this special issue.
C1 [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
[Bobushev, Temirbek S.] Amer Univ Cent Asia, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan.
[Kulmatov, Rashid] Natl Univ Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100027, Uzbekistan.
[Groisman, Pavel] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Gutman, Garik] NASA, Land Use & Land Cover Change Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
RP Qi, JG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA.
EM qi@msu.edu
FU NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change Program [NNX08AH50G]; MAIRS Program
of Chinese Academy of Science
FX This work was partially supported by NASA Land Cover and Land Use Change
Program (No. NNX08AH50G) and the MAIRS Program of Chinese Academy of
Science.
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 44
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 2095-0195
J9 FRONT EARTH SCI-PRC
JI Front. Earth Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 6
IS 2
BP 115
EP 121
DI 10.1007/s11707-012-0320-4
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 002TB
UT WOS:000308557100001
ER
PT J
AU Perry, A
Martin, MA
Nibler, JW
Maki, A
Weber, A
Blake, TA
AF Perry, A.
Martin, M. A.
Nibler, J. W.
Maki, A.
Weber, A.
Blake, T. A.
TI Coriolis analysis of several high-resolution infrared bands of
bicyclo[111]pentane-d(0) and -d(1)
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bicyclopentane; High-resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational
constants; Coriolis interactions; Ground state structure; DFT
calculations; Anharmonic frequencies
ID SYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULES; GROUND STATE; SPECTROSCOPY
AB High-resolution infrared absorption spectra have been analyzed for two bicyclo[111]pentane isotopologues, C5H8 (-d(0)) and C5H7D (-d(1)), where in the latter the D-atom replaces a hydrogen on the C-3 symmetry axis such that the molecular symmetry is reduced from D-3h to C-3v. Two (a"(2)) parallel bands, nu(17) and nu(18), of bicyclopentane-d(0) were studied and the former was found to be profoundly affected by Coriolis coupling with the nearby.(e') perpendicular band, nu(11). Weaker coupling was observed between the nu(18) band and the nearby nu(13)(e') band, for which fewer transitions could be assigned. For bicyclopentane-d(1), the nu(5) parallel band was also studied along with the nearby nu(13)(e') band to which it is coupled through a similar type of Coriolis resonance. For both isotopologues, quantum calculations (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ) done at the anharmonic level were very helpful in unraveling the complexities caused by the Coriolis interactions, provided that care is taken in identifying the effect of any Coriolis resonances on the theoretical values of alpha(B) and q rovibrational parameters. The ground state B-0 constants were found to be 0.2399412(2) and 0.2267506(11) cm(-1) for the -d(0) and -d(1) isotopologues. The difference yields an R-5 substitution value of 2.0309(2) angstrom for the position of the axial H atom relative to the -d(0) center of mass, a result in good accord with a corresponding R-a value of 2.044(6) angstrom from electron diffraction data. For both isotopologues, the theoretical results from the quantum calculations are in good agreement with all corresponding values determined from the spectra. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Perry, A.; Martin, M. A.; Nibler, J. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
[Weber, A.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Blake, T. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
EM niblerj@orst.edu
FU Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; Department of Energy's Office of
Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL); United States Department of Energy by the Battelle
Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830]
FX J. Nibler acknowledges the support of the Camille and Henry Dreyfus
Foundation in the form of a Senior Scientist Mentor Award. The research
described here was performed, in part, in the Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by
the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental
Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the
Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We thank
Robert Sams of PNNL for advice and assistance in recording the infrared
spectra of bicyclopentane in this facility and Gaussian. Inc. for
helpful responses to several queries about the use of Gaussian 09 for
anharmonic calculations.
NR 22
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Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2012
VL 276
BP 22
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.06.008
PG 11
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 990DX
UT WOS:000307612300006
ER
PT J
AU Loh, HQ
Stutz, RP
Yahn, TS
Looser, H
Field, RW
Cornell, EA
AF Loh, Huanqian
Stutz, Russell P.
Yahn, Tyler S.
Looser, Herbert
Field, Robert W.
Cornell, Eric A.
TI REMPI spectroscopy of HfF
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hafnium fluoride; Resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization; Rotational
line strength; Isotope shift
ID RESOLUTION
AB The spectrum of electronic states at 30 000-33 000 cm(-1) in hafnium fluoride has been studied using (1 + 1) resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and (1 + 1') REMPI. Six Omega' = 3/2 and ten Pi(1/2) vibronic bands have been characterized. We report the molecular constants for these bands and estimate the electronic energies of the excited states using a correction derived from the observed isotope shifts. When either of two closely spaced Pi(1/2) electronic states is used as an intermediate state to access autoionizing Rydberg levels, qualitatively distinct autoionization spectra are observed. The intermediate state-specificity of the autoionization spectra bodes well for the possibility of using a selected Pi(1/2) state as an intermediate state to create ionic HfF+ in various selected quantum states, an important requirement for our electron electric dipole moment (eEDM) search in HfF+. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Loh, Huanqian; Stutz, Russell P.; Yahn, Tyler S.; Cornell, Eric A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Loh, Huanqian; Stutz, Russell P.; Yahn, Tyler S.; Looser, Herbert; Cornell, Eric A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Loh, HQ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM loh@jilau1.colorado.edu; cornell@jila.colorado.edu
OI Loh, Huanqian/0000-0002-7325-0815
FU National Science Foundation; Marsico Research Chair; NSF [1058709];
A*STAR (Singapore)
FX We thank Chris Greene, Jia Wang and Matt Grau for helpful discussions.
This work was funded by the National Science Foundation and the Marsico
Research Chair. R.W. Field acknowledges support from NSF Grant No.
1058709. H. Loh acknowledges support from A*STAR (Singapore).
NR 17
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U1 1
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 2012
VL 276
BP 49
EP 56
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2012.06.014
PG 8
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 990DX
UT WOS:000307612300008
ER
PT J
AU Kasianowicz, JJ
AF Kasianowicz, John J.
TI Bio-inspired nanopore-based sensors Comment on "Nanopores: A journey
towards DNA sequencing" by M. Wanunu
SO PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Protein ion channel; Nanopore; Nanopore-based sensing; DNA sequencing
ID MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION-CHANNEL; DYNAMICS
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, CMOS Reliabil & Adv Devices Grp, Bldg 225,Room B326, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1571-0645
J9 PHYS LIFE REV
JI Phys. Life Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 2
BP 170
EP 171
DI 10.1016/j.plrev.2012.05.012
PG 2
WC Biology; Biophysics
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics
GA 983PK
UT WOS:000307131000006
PM 22626932
ER
PT J
AU Van Houtan, KS
Kittinger, JN
Lawrence, AL
Yoshinaga, C
Born, VR
Fox, A
AF Van Houtan, Kyle S.
Kittinger, John N.
Lawrence, Amanda L.
Yoshinaga, Chad
Born, V. Ray
Fox, Adam
TI Hawksbill Sea Turtles in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE; ECOSYSTEMS; ABUNDANCE; IMPACTS; DECLINE; STATES;
REEFS
AB This study reports observations of Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, a remote and protected expanse of coral atolls considered outside the species range. Since no direct monitoring efforts exist, we synthesized records from historical accounts, opportunistic sightings, and internet crowdsourcing. We found 6 definitive hawksbill observations and 3 additional potential nesting records, documenting that hawksbills currently reside in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and suggesting that they occurred there in greater numbers historically.
C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.; Lawrence, Amanda L.; Yoshinaga, Chad] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Kittinger, John N.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Born, V. Ray] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
[Fox, Adam] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com
OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773
FU PIFSC
FX S. Pimm, T. Jones, J. Seminoff, K. Maison, I. Kelly; W. Seitz, F.
Parrish, C. King, S. Hargrove, and 3 anonymous reviewers provided
helpful comments on the manuscript. S. Loarie and K. Ueda direct the
iNaturalist web database and advised development of the crowdsourcing
project. A. Lawrence was supported through a fellowship with the PIFSC
Summer Internship Program.
NR 43
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 29
PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LUNENBURG
PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA
SN 1071-8443
J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI
JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 11
IS 1
BP 117
EP 121
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 975HF
UT WOS:000306500600014
ER
PT J
AU Lanci, AKJ
Roden, SE
Bowman, A
LaCasella, EL
Frey, A
Dutton, PH
AF Lanci, Amy K. J.
Roden, Suzanne E.
Bowman, Amanda
LaCasella, Erin L.
Frey, Amy
Dutton, Peter H.
TI Evaluating Buccal and Cloacal Swabs for Ease of Collection and Use in
Genetic Analyses of Marine Turtles
SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OBTAINING BLOOD; REPTILES; DNA
AB Buccal and cloacal swabs have been used for genetic sampling for a variety of reptiles but not for marine turtles to date. We evaluated whether this method offers a simple and quick way to sample cells from live marine turtles in the wild when it is not feasible to obtain blood or skin. Good-quality DNA was obtained for genetic analyses from both buccal and cloacal swabs. Although we recommend blood and skin sampling whenever possible to collect the highest quality DNA, buccal and cloacal swabs do represent a useful alternative for genetic sampling when these preferred methods are not feasible.
C1 [Lanci, Amy K. J.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA.
[Roden, Suzanne E.; Bowman, Amanda; LaCasella, Erin L.; Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Res Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Lanci, AKJ (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, 4007 N Abingdon St, Arlington, VA 22207 USA.
EM amy.lanci@noaa.gov
FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service
FX This work was funded by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. All
samples were collected under NMFS Research Permit #1591. We thank the
Marine Turtle Ecology and Assessment, Marine Turtle Genetics and Marine
Mammal Genetics Groups for their editorial support. In particular we
thank J. Seminoff, T. Eguchi, R. LeRoux, and G. Lemons for assistance
with obtaining buccal swabs and critical work with turtle capture
efforts in San Diego Bay. We thank G. Serra-Valente for sample
identification and M. Jensen, K. Robertson, B. Hancock-Hanser, and K.
Stewart for editorial input.
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LUNENBURG
PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA
SN 1071-8443
J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI
JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 11
IS 1
BP 144
EP 148
PG 5
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 975HF
UT WOS:000306500600020
ER
PT J
AU Klymak, JM
Legg, S
Alford, MH
Buijsman, M
Pinkel, R
Nash, JD
AF Klymak, Jody M.
Legg, Sonya
Alford, Matthew H.
Buijsman, Maarten
Pinkel, Robert
Nash, Jonathan D.
TI The Direct Breaking of Internal Waves at Steep Topography
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP-OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; TIDAL CONVERSION; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY;
HAWAIIAN RIDGE; KAENA RIDGE; ENERGY; TIDES; TURBULENCE; FLOW
AB Internal waves are often observed to break close to the seafloor topography that generates them, or from which they scatter. This breaking is often spectacular, with turbulent structures observed hundreds of meters above the seafloor, and driving turbulence dissipations and mixing up to 10,000 times open-ocean levels. This article provides an overview of efforts to observe and understand this turbulence, and to parameterize it near steep "supercritical" topography (i.e., topography that is steeper than internal wave energy characteristics). Using numerical models, we demonstrate that arrested lee waves are an important turbulence-producing phenomenon. Analogous to hydraulic jumps in water flowing over an obstacle in a stream, these waves are formed and then break during each tidal cycle. Similar lee waves are also observed in the atmosphere and in shallow fjords, but in those cases, their wavelengths are of similar scale to the topography, whereas in the ocean, they are small compared to the water depth and obstacle size. The simulations indicate that these nonlinear lee waves propagate against the generating flow (usually the tide) and are arrested because they have the same phase speed as the oncoming flow. This characteristic allows estimation of their size a priori and, using a linear model of internal tide generation, computation of how much energy they trap and turn into turbulence. This approach yields an accurate parameterization of mixing in numerical models, and these models are being used to guide a new generation of observations.
C1 [Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
[Legg, Sonya; Buijsman, Maarten] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Pinkel, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Nash, Jonathan D.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Klymak, JM (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
EM jklymak@uvic.ca
RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008
OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0376, N00014-08-1-1039,
N00014-09-1-021, N00014-09-1-0273, N00014-09-1-0281, N00014-10-1-0701,
N00014-09-1-0274]; NSF [OCE-0350543, OCE-0350647]
FX The observations presented here were part of the Hawaiian Ocean Mixing
Experiment (NSF), the Oregon Continental Slope Experiment (NSF), and the
Internal Waves in Straits Experiment (ONR). The modeling and
parameterization were supported by Office of Naval Research grants
N00014-08-1-0376 and N00014-08-1-1039. Oregon slope observations were
supported by NSF grants OCE-0350543 and OCE-0350647. Luzon Strait
observations were supported by the Office of Naval Research under grants
N00014-09-1-021, N00014-09-1-0273, N00014-09-1-0281, N00014-10-1-0701,
and N00014-09-1-0274. We thank Eric Kunze, Chris Garrett, Jennifer
MacKinnon, and Sam Kelly for many helpful discussions.
NR 48
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 20
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 2
BP 150
EP 159
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970WD
UT WOS:000306162100018
ER
PT J
AU Pinkel, R
Buijsman, M
Klymak, JM
AF Pinkel, Robert
Buijsman, Maarten
Klymak, Jody M.
TI Breaking Topographic Lee Waves in a Tidal Channel in Luzon Strait
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID KAENA RIDGE; HAWAII; OCEAN
AB Barotropic tides generate energetic internal tides, smaller-scale waves, and turbulence as they flow through Luzon Strait, between Taiwan and the Philippines. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of this process suggest that small-scale lee waves will form and break preferentially in "outflow channels," trough-like depressions that descend the strait's flanks. In the simulations, these sites are the locations of the most intense dissipation in the eastern strait. To investigate this numerical prediction, an 11-day cruise on R/V Roger Revelle was devoted to exploring an outflow channel on the eastern slope of the strait, north of Batan Island. Using a rapidly profiling conductivity-temperature-depth sensor and shipboard Doppler sonars, observations of velocity and density fields were made at four sites in the channel. At Site III, approximately 4 km offshore the crest, the generated lee wave was found to occupy much of the water column. It expanded upward from the seafloor as an irregular disturbance with a dominant vertical scale of 250 m. Sea-surface horizontal currents exceeded 1.5 m s(-1) and were sufficient to cause surface waves to break at 1,300 m above the local topography. Widespread internal wave breaking appeared initially at the seafloor and spread to much of the water column during the outflow phase of the tide. Breaking was also seen to a lesser extent on the inflow phase, as Pacific waters were advected westward toward the crest. The average dissipation rate at Site III, 8 W m(-2), exceeds typical wind energy input rates by four orders of magnitude.
C1 [Pinkel, Robert] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Buijsman, Maarten] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada.
RP Pinkel, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM rpinkel@ucsd.edu
RI Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008
OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600
FU Office of Naval Research
FX The authors thank Mike Goldin, Tony Aja, Mai Bui, and Tyler Hughen for
creation and operation of the instruments used. The captain and crew of
R/V Revelle handled the vessel with great skill during the strong
currents and crosswinds that characterized much of the experiment. This
work was funded by the Office of Naval Research.
NR 12
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 2
BP 160
EP 165
PG 6
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970WD
UT WOS:000306162100019
ER
PT J
AU Bernard, E
AF Bernard, Eddie
TI Tsunamis: Are We Underestimating the Risk?
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Bernard, E (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 2
BP 208
EP 218
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2012.60
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 970WD
UT WOS:000306162100024
ER
PT J
AU Martin, J
AF Martin, Joshua
TI Apparatus for the high temperature measurement of the Seebeck
coefficient in thermoelectric materials
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOPOWER MEASUREMENTS; GASEOUS HELIUM; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DISCREPANCY;
NITROGEN
AB The Seebeck coefficient is a physical parameter routinely measured to identify the potential thermoelectric performance of a material. However, researchers employ a variety of techniques, conditions, and probe arrangements to measure the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in conflicting materials data. To compare and evaluate these methodologies, and to identify optimal Seebeck coefficient measurement protocols, we have developed an improved experimental apparatus to measure the Seebeck coefficient under multiple conditions and probe arrangements (300 K-1200 K). This paper will describe in detail the apparatus design and instrumentation, including a discussion of its capabilities and accuracy as measured through representative diagnostics. In addition, this paper will emphasize the techniques required to effectively manage uncertainty in high temperature Seebeck coefficient measurements. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4723872]
C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.martin@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 30
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 6
AR 065101
DI 10.1063/1.4723872
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 966JE
UT WOS:000305833100049
PM 22755656
ER
PT J
AU Shaw, JH
Wright, JD
AF Shaw, Jiunn-Haur
Wright, John D.
TI Special Issue: Advances in Flow Measurement (Selected Papers from the
15th FLOMEKO Conference) Preface
SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Shaw, Jiunn-Haur] Ctr Measurement Stand CMS ITRI, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Wright, John D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Shaw, JH (reprint author), Ctr Measurement Stand CMS ITRI, Taipei, Taiwan.
EM jiunn-haur.shaw@itri.org.tw
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0955-5986
J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM
JI Flow Meas. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 25
SI SI
BP 1
EP 1
DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2012.05.004
PG 1
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 971LQ
UT WOS:000306205800001
ER
PT J
AU Wright, JD
Cobu, T
Berg, RF
Moldover, MR
AF Wright, John D.
Cobu, Thiago
Berg, Robert F.
Moldover, Michael R.
TI Calibration of laminar flow meters for process gases
SO FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Laminar flow meter; Calibration; Gas species; Gas properties; Rate of
rise; Dynamic flow standard; Gravimetric flow standard; Process gases
ID CAPILLARY
AB We calibrated three models of commercially-manufactured, laminar flow meters (LFMs) at four pressures (100, 200, 300, and 400 kPa) with five gases (N-2, Ar, He, CO2, and SF6) over a 10:1 flow range using NIST's primary flow standards as references. We combined three items: (1) the calibration data acquired with N-2, (2) gas-property data from NIST's database REFPROP 9.0, and (3) a physical model for each LFM that accounts for the effects of viscosity, entrance and exit effects, gas expansion, gas non-ideality, and slip. This combination predicted the calibrations for the flow of Ar, He, CO2, and SF6 with a maximum error of 0.8% for Reynolds numbers Re < 500. Under these conditions, the present LFM model allows prediction of calibration results for other gases with approximately three times more accuracy than conventional approaches that plot the flow coefficient as a function of the viscosity coefficient or Re. We represented the calibration data for SF6 in the range 500 < Re < 2000 by adding an empirical quadratic function to the model for one of the LFMs. Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Wright, John D.; Berg, Robert F.; Moldover, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cobu, Thiago] Inst Pesquisas Tecnol, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
RP Wright, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.wright@nist.gov; thiagoc@ipt.br; rberg@nist.gov;
Michael.moldover@nist.gov
RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0955-5986
J9 FLOW MEAS INSTRUM
JI Flow Meas. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 25
SI SI
BP 8
EP 14
DI 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.08.007
PG 7
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 971LQ
UT WOS:000306205800003
ER
PT J
AU Hu, R
Qian, Y
Wang, JZ
AF Hu, Rose
Qian, Yi
Wang, Jiangzhou
TI RECENT ADVANCES IN WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART GRID
SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Hu, Rose] RIM, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
[Hu, Rose] Nortel Networks, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
[Qian, Yi] UNL, Coll Engn, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Qian, Yi] UNL, Coll Engn, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA.
[Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Qian, Yi] Univ Kent, Broadband & Wireless Commun Grp, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England.
RP Hu, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM rosehu@ieee.org; yqian@ieee.org; j.z.wang@kent.ac.uk
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1536-1284
J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN
JI IEEE Wirel. Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 19
IS 3
BP 12
EP 13
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information
Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 971CS
UT WOS:000306181900001
ER
PT J
AU Penland, C
Sardeshmukh, PD
AF Penland, Cecile
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
TI Alternative interpretations of power-law distributions found in nature
SO CHAOS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
AB We investigate two inherently different classes of probability density functions (pdfs) that share the common property of power law tails: the a-stable Levy process and the linear Markov diffusion process with additive and multiplicative Gaussian noise. Dynamical processes described by these distributions cannot be uniquely identified as belonging to one or the other class either by diverging variance due to power-law tails in the pdf or by the possible existence of skew. However, there are distinguishing features that may be found in sufficiently well sampled time series. We examine these features and discuss how they may guide the development of proper approximations to equations of motion underlying dynamical systems. An additional result of this research was the identification of a variable describing the relative importance of the multiplicative and independent additive noise forcing in our linear Markov process. The distribution of this variable is generally skewed, depending on the level of correlation between the additive and multiplicative noise. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4706504]
C1 [Penland, Cecile] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
FX The authors are please to acknowledge useful conversations with Lev
Ostrovsky, Peter Imkeller, and Ilya Pavlyukevich. We are also grateful
to a reviewer for finding an algebraic error, which was corrected in
revision. This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) base funds.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1054-1500
J9 CHAOS
JI Chaos
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 2
AR 023119
DI 10.1063/1.4706504
PG 5
WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical
SC Mathematics; Physics
GA 966JM
UT WOS:000305833900019
PM 22757526
ER
PT J
AU Kiernan, JD
Moyle, PB
AF Kiernan, Joseph D.
Moyle, Peter B.
TI Flows, droughts, and aliens: factors affecting the fish assemblage in a
Sierra Nevada, California, stream
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE assemblage structure; community ecology; drought; fish conservation;
flow regime; introduced species; long-term data; Martis Creek;
persistence
ID BROWN TROUT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DESERT STREAM; LONG-TERM; STABILITY;
PERSISTENCE; DISTURBANCE; VARIABILITY; MACROINVERTEBRATES; PATTERNS
AB The fishes of Martis Creek, in the Sierra Nevada of California (USA), were sampled at four sites annually over 30 years, 1979-2008. This long-term data set was used to examine (1) the persistence and stability of the Martis Creek fish assemblage in the face of environmental stochasticity; (2) whether native and alien fishes responded differently to a natural hydrologic regime (e. g., timing and magnitude of high and low flows); and (3) the importance of various hydrologic and physical habitat variables in explaining the abundances of native and alien fish species through time. Our results showed that fish assemblages were persistent at all sample sites, but individual species exhibited marked interannual variability in density, biomass, and relative abundance. The density and biomass of native fishes generally declined over the period of study, whereas most alien species showed no significant long-term trends. Only alien rainbow trout increased in both density and biomass at all sites over time. Redundancy analysis identified three hydrologic variables (annual 7-day minimum discharge, maximum winter discharge, and number of distinct winter floods) and two habitat variables (percentage of pool habitat and percentage of gravel substrate) that each explained a significant portion of the annual variation in fish assemblage structure. For alien taxa, their proportional contribution to the total fish assemblage was inversely related to mean annual streamflow, one-day maximum discharge in both winter and spring, and the frequency of springtime floods. Results of this study highlight the need for continuous annual monitoring of streams with highly variable flow regimes to evaluate shifts in fish community structure. Apparent successes or failures in stream management may appear differently depending on the time series of available data.
C1 [Kiernan, Joseph D.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Kiernan, Joseph D.; Moyle, Peter B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Watershed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Kiernan, JD (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM joseph.kiernan@noaa.gov
FU California Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission
Instream Flow Assessment Program [IFAP-01]
FX Dozens of colleagues, students, and volunteers have helped during our
annual Martis Creek blitz over the years. We particularly acknowledge
Patrick Crain and Virginia Boucher for their many years of assistance.
We are grateful to Michael Johnson and Colin Cameron for statistical
advice. Susan M. Sogard, Brett N. Harvey, and three anonymous reviewers
provided valuable comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding
for the analysis was provided by the California Energy Resources
Conservation and Development Commission Instream Flow Assessment Program
(Grant No. IFAP-01).
NR 52
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 7
U2 57
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 4
BP 1146
EP 1161
PG 16
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 966KN
UT WOS:000305836600007
PM 22827124
ER
PT J
AU Jeong, T
Zhu, JG
Mao, SI
Pan, T
Tang, YJ
AF Jeong, Taehee
Zhu, Jian-Gang
Mao, Sining
Pan, Tao
Tang, Yun Jun
TI Thermal Characterization of SiC Amorphous Thin Films
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Amorphous thin film; Silicon carbide; Thermal boundary resistance;
Thermal conductivity; Transient Thermoreflectance method
ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUE; SILICON-CARBIDE; BOUNDARY
RESISTANCE; HEAT-FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; SOLIDS; TEMPERATURES; CONDUCTANCE;
INTERFACES; TRANSPORT
AB The cross-plane thermal conductivity of SiC amorphous films was measured employing the transient thermoreflectance technique. The SiC films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The thickness of the films was varied in the range from 100 nm to 2500 nm to analyze the size effect. The results found that the thermal conductivity of the SiC thin films is significantly smaller than that of the SiC material in bulk form. The small thermal conductivity stems from the structural disorder of the films, which was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the contribution of the thermal boundary resistance to the thermal conductivity of the films is discussed.
C1 [Jeong, Taehee; Zhu, Jian-Gang] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Mao, Sining; Pan, Tao; Tang, Yun Jun] Western Digital Corp, Fremont, CA 94539 USA.
RP Jeong, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tjeong@andrew.cmu.edu
FU NSF; Data Storage Systems Center at Carnegie Mellon University
FX This research was supported in part by the NSF and the Data Storage
Systems Center at Carnegie Mellon University.
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 24
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 6
BP 1000
EP 1012
DI 10.1007/s10765-012-1193-1
PG 13
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA 969PJ
UT WOS:000306067500006
ER
PT J
AU Nickels, JD
Curtis, JE
O'Neill, H
Sokolov, AP
AF Nickels, Jonathan D.
Curtis, Joseph E.
O'Neill, Hugh
Sokolov, Alexei P.
TI Role of methyl groups in dynamics and evolution of biomolecules
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Protein dynamics; RNA world; RNA dynamics; Nucleic acid dynamics
ID NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; HYDROPHOBIC CORE; LOW-TEMPERATURE;
TRANSFER-RNA; HYDRATION; ENZYME; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION; CATALYSIS
AB Recent studies have discovered strong differences between the dynamics of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and proteins, especially at low hydration and low temperatures. This difference is caused primarily by dynamics of methyl groups that are abundant in proteins, but are absent or very rare in RNA and DNA. In this paper, we present a hypothesis regarding the role of methyl groups as intrinsic plasticizers in proteins and their evolutionary selection to facilitate protein dynamics and activity. We demonstrate the profound effect methyl groups have on protein dynamics relative to nucleic acid dynamics, and note the apparent correlation of methyl group content in protein classes and their need for molecular flexibility. Moreover, we note the fastest methyl groups of some enzymes appear around dynamical centers such as hinges or active sites. Methyl groups are also of tremendous importance from a hydrophobicity/folding/entropy perspective. These significant roles, however, complement our hypothesis rather than preclude the recognition of methyl groups in the dynamics and evolution of biomolecules.
C1 [Nickels, Jonathan D.; Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Nickels, Jonathan D.; Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Energy & Environm Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Nickels, JD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM jnickels@alumni.nd.edu; sokolov@utk.edu
RI Nickels, Jonathan/I-1913-2012;
OI Nickels, Jonathan/0000-0001-8351-7846; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527
FU DOE support through the EPSCoR program [DE-FG02-08ER46528]; SNS through
UT-Battelle; Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB); Office of
Biological and Environmental Research under FWP [ERKP291]; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX JDN and APS acknowledge DOE support through the EPSCoR program (grant
DE-FG02-08ER46528) and support from SNS through UT-Battelle. HON
acknowledges support of the Center for Structural Molecular Biology
(CSMB) funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research
under FWP ERKP291, using facilities supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for
the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0092-0606
J9 J BIOL PHYS
JI J. Biol. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 3
BP 497
EP 505
DI 10.1007/s10867-012-9268-6
PG 9
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 968DQ
UT WOS:000305957600008
PM 23729910
ER
PT J
AU Brown, JD
Seo, DJ
Du, J
AF Brown, James D.
Seo, Dong-Jun
Du, Jun
TI Verification of Precipitation Forecasts from NCEP's Short-Range Ensemble
Forecast (SREF) System with Reference to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction
Using Lumped Hydrologic Models
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTION-PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES; DATA ASSIMILATION; ORIENTED
VERIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; ROC CURVES; PART II; SKILL; UNCERTAINTY;
CALIBRATION; MESOSCALE
AB Precipitation forecasts from the Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are verified for the period April 2006 August 2010. Verification is conducted for 10-20 hydrologic basins in each of the following: the middle Atlantic, the southern plains, the windward slopes of the Sierra Nevada, and the foothills of the Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest. Mean areal precipitation is verified conditionally upon forecast lead time, amount of precipitation, season, forecast valid time, and accumulation period. The stationary block bootstrap is used to quantify the sampling uncertainties of the verification metrics. In general, the forecasts are more skillful for moderate precipitation amounts than either light or heavy precipitation. This originates from a threshold-dependent conditional bias in the ensemble mean forecast. Specifically, the forecasts overestimate low observed precipitation and underestimate high precipitation (a type-II conditional bias). Also, the forecast probabilities are generally overconfident (a type-I conditional bias), except for basins in the southern plains, where forecasts of moderate to high precipitation are reliable. Depending on location, different types of bias correction may be needed. Overall, the northwest basins show the greatest potential for statistical postprocessing, particularly during the cool season, when the type-I conditional bias and correlations are both high. The basins of the middle Atlantic and southern plains show less potential for statistical postprocessing, as the type-II conditional bias is larger and the correlations are weaker. In the Sierra Nevada, the greatest benefits of statistical postprocessing should be expected for light precipitation, specifically during the warm season, when the type-I conditional bias is large and the correlations are strong.
C1 [Brown, James D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Brown, James D.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
[Du, Jun] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Brown, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM james.d.brown@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the
Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS); Climate Prediction
Program for the Americas (CPPA)
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service
(AHPS) and the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). We
thank Dingchen Hou of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction
(NCEP) for providing the Climatology-Calibrated Precipitation Analysis
(CCPA) dataset.
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 3
BP 808
EP 836
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-036.1
PG 29
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 965OH
UT WOS:000305776600003
ER
PT J
AU Mo, KC
Chen, LC
Shukla, S
Bohn, TJ
Lettenmaier, DP
AF Mo, Kingtse C.
Chen, Li-Chuan
Shukla, Shraddhanand
Bohn, Theodore J.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
TI Uncertainties in North American Land Data Assimilation Systems over the
Contiguous United States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DROUGHT INDEXES; SURFACE MODEL; NLDAS PROJECT; RADIATION; PRECIPITATION;
TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY
AB The Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the University of Washington (UW) run parallel drought monitoring systems over the continental United States based on the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). The NCEP system uses four land surface models (LSMs): Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), Noah, Mosaic, and Sacramento (SAC). The UW system uses VIC, SAC, Noah, and the Community Land Model (CLM). An assessment of differences in drought characteristics using both systems for the period 1979-2008 was performed. For soil moisture (SM) percentiles and runoff indices, differences are relatively small among different LSMs in the same system. However, the ensemble mean differences between the two systems are large over the western United States in some cases exceeding 20% for SM and runoff percentile differences. These differences are most apparent after 2002 when the NCEP system transitioned to use the real-time North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and its precipitation gauge station data. (The UW system went into real-time operation in 2005.) Experiments were performed to address the sources of uncertainties. Comparison of simulations using the two systems with different model forcings indicates that the precipitation forcing differences are the primary source of the SM and runoff differences. While temperature, shortwave and longwave radiation, and wind speed forcing differences are also large after 2002, their contributions to SM and runoff differences are much smaller than precipitation.
C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.] Climate Predict Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Chen, Li-Chuan] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shukla, Shraddhanand; Bohn, Theodore J.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Mo, KC (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov
RI Bohn, Theodore/K-4494-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011
OI Bohn, Theodore/0000-0002-1880-9129; lettenmaier,
dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office [J8R1RP7-P01]
FX This project is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office Grant
J8R1RP7-P01 to the University of Washington through its Climate Testbed
project.
NR 32
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 3
BP 996
EP 1009
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0132.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 965OH
UT WOS:000305776600013
ER
PT J
AU Wu, WR
Kitzmiller, D
Wu, SR
AF Wu, Wanru
Kitzmiller, David
Wu, Shaorong
TI Evaluation of Radar Precipitation Estimates from the National Mosaic and
Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System and the WSR-88D
Precipitation Processing System over the Conterminous United States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAINFALL; QPE
AB This study evaluated 24-, 6-, and 1-h radar precipitation estimated from the National Mosaic and Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System (NMQ) and the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Precipitation Processing System (PPS) over the conterminous United States (CONUS) for the warm season April September 2009 and the cool season October 2009 March 2010. Precipitation gauge observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) were used as the ground truth. Gridded StageIV multisensor precipitation estimates were applied for supplementary verification. The comparison of the two systems consisted of a series of analyses including the linear correlation coefficient (CC) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the radar precipitation estimates and the gauge observations, large precipitation amount detection categorical scores, and the reliability of precipitation amount distribution. Data stratified for the 12 CONUS River Forecast Centers (RFCs) and for the cold rains events with bright-band effects were analyzed additionally. Major results are 1) the linear CC of NMQ versus ASOS are generally higher than that of PPS versus ASOS over CON US, while the spatial variations stratified by the RFCs may switch with seasons; 2) compared to the precipitation distribution of ASOS, NMQ shows less deviation than PPS; 3) for the cold rains verified against ASOS, NMQ has higher CC and PPS has lower RMSE for 6-h and higher RMSE for 1-h cold rains; and 4) for the precipitation detection categorical scores, either NMQ or PPS can be superior, depending on the time interval and season. The verification against StageIV gridded precipitation estimates showed that NMQ consistently had higher correlations and lower biases than did PPS.
C1 [Wu, Wanru] NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Wu, Shaorong] TCAssociates Inc, Springfield, VA USA.
[Wu, Shaorong] NOAA, NSW, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Wu, WR (reprint author), NOAA, Hydrol Lab, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM wanru.wu@noaa.gov
FU Ohio River Forecast Center; West Gulf River Forecast Center; Advanced
Hydrologic Prediction Service program
FX We wish to thank NSSL staff including Kenneth Howard, Carrie Langston,
and Jian Zhang for advice and supplying the NMQ radar products. Brian
Nelson at NCDC supplied the warm-season mosaicked PPS products. Our
project sponsors (Jeffrey Myers and Thomas Adams, Ohio River Forecast
Center, and Greg Story, West Gulf River Forecast Center) gave valuable
advice on the conduct of the study. ASOS data archives were maintained
by the Meteorological Development Laboratory. Financial support was
granted by the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service program. We thank
the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, suggestions, and
advice that contributed to improving the manuscript.
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 3
BP 1080
EP 1093
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-064.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 965OH
UT WOS:000305776600019
ER
PT J
AU Kunkel, KE
Easterling, DR
Kristvich, DAR
Gleason, B
Stoecker, L
Smith, R
AF Kunkel, Kenneth E.
Easterling, David R.
Kristvich, David A. R.
Gleason, Byron
Stoecker, Leslie
Smith, Rebecca
TI Meteorological Causes of the Secular Variations in Observed Extreme
Precipitation Events for the Conterminous United States
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; REANALYSIS PROJECT; SYSTEMS; TRENDS
AB Daily extreme precipitation events, exceeding a threshold for a 1-in-5-yr occurrence, were identified from a network of 935 Cooperative Observer stations for the period of 1908-2009. Each event was assigned a meteorological cause, categorized as extratropical cyclone near a front (FRT), extratropical cyclone near center of low (ETC), tropical cyclone (TC), mesoscale convective system (MCS), air mass (isolated) convection (AMC), North American monsoon (NAM), and upslope flow (USF). The percentage of events ascribed to each cause were 54% for FRT, 24% for ETC, 13% for TC, 5% for MCS, 3% for NAM, 1% for AMC, and 0.1% for USF. On a national scale, there are upward trends in events associated with fronts and tropical cyclones, but no trends for other meteorological causes. On a regional scale, statistically significant upward trends in the frontal category are found in five of the nine regions. For ETCs, there are statistically significant upward trends in the Northeast and east north central. For the NAM category, the trend in the West is upward. The central region has seen an upward trend in events caused by TCs.
C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Easterling, David R.; Gleason, Byron] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites N Carolina, Asheville, NC USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Kristvich, David A. R.; Stoecker, Leslie; Smith, Rebecca] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM ken.kunkel@noaa.gov
RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015;
OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Kristovich,
David/0000-0001-9381-1053
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office
[NA07OAR4310063]
FX This work was partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Climate Program Office award NA07OAR4310063. We thank
Anthony Arguez for helpful discussions during project planning. Any
opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the institutions for which they
work.
NR 23
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 3
BP 1131
EP 1141
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-11-0108.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 965OH
UT WOS:000305776600023
ER
PT J
AU Assael, MJ
Koini, IA
Antoniadis, KD
Huber, ML
Abdulagatov, IM
Perkins, RA
AF Assael, M. J.
Koini, I. A.
Antoniadis, K. D.
Huber, M. L.
Abdulagatov, I. M.
Perkins, R. A.
TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Sulfur Hexafluoride
from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 150 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE critical phenomena; SF6; thermal conductivity; transport properties
ID CRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYATOMIC
GASES; PRESSURES; SF6; TEMPERATURES; FLUIDS; NITROGEN; BEHAVIOR
AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of SF6. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. Although there are a sufficiently large number of data at intermediate temperatures, data at very low or very high temperatures as well as near the critical region are scarce. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1000 K and pressures up to 150 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 150 MPa and temperatures less than 1000 K, to be less than 4%. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4708620]
C1 [Assael, M. J.; Koini, I. A.; Antoniadis, K. D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
[Huber, M. L.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
EM assael@auth.gr
RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012;
OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742
NR 41
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 2
AR 023104
DI 10.1063/1.4708620
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 966JS
UT WOS:000305834500004
ER
PT J
AU Assael, MJ
Mylona, SK
Huber, ML
Perkins, RA
AF Assael, M. J.
Mylona, S. K.
Huber, M. L.
Perkins, R. A.
TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Toluene from the
Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 1000 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE correlation; critical phenomena; thermal conductivity; toluene;
transport properties
ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; SATURATED LIQUID TOLUENE; NON-STEADY-STATE;
TEMPERATURE-RANGE; BINARY-MIXTURES; CRITICAL REGION; HEAT-CAPACITY;
TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSIVITY; PRESSURES
AB This paper contains new, representative equations for the thermal conductivity of toluene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. Although there are a sufficiently large number of data at normal temperatures, data at very low and very high temperatures as well as near the critical region are scarce. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1000 K and pressures up to 1000 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 700 MPa and temperatures less than 550 K, to be less than 3% for the liquid, while for the region 550 K <= T <= 700 K the uncertainty is estimated to be 4%. For the region T > 700 K and 500 MPa <= p <= 1000 MPa, the equations can safely be used with an uncertainty of the order of 10%. Finally, the uncertainty along the saturation line is estimated to be 2% with a coverage factor of two. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3700155]
C1 [Assael, M. J.; Mylona, S. K.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
[Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
EM assael@auth.gr
RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012;
OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742
FU IATP
FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of
the IATP. We thank our colleague Dr. Ilmutdin M. Abdulagatov for
assistance with the Russian literature.
NR 121
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 2
AR 023101
DI 10.1063/1.3700155
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 966JS
UT WOS:000305834500001
ER
PT J
AU Quinones-Cisneros, SE
Huber, ML
Deiters, UK
AF Quinones-Cisneros, Sergio E.
Huber, Marcia L.
Deiters, Ulrich K.
TI Correlation for the Viscosity of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) from the
Triple Point to 1000 K and Pressures to 50 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE generalized friction theory; sulfur hexafluoride; viscosity
ID QUASI-SPHERICAL MOLECULES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS;
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS;
GASEOUS-MIXTURES; POLYATOMIC GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DENSITY; VISCOMETER
AB A wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity surface of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been developed that incorporates generalized friction theory (GFT). The approach requires, as the core thermodynamic model, a reference-quality equation of state (EoS). Here the EoS of Guder and Wagner has been selected for that purpose. All available experimental data, to the extent of our knowledge, were considered in the development of the model. The correlation performs best in the low-pressure (less than 0.33 MPa) region from 300 K to 700 K where the estimated uncertainty (considered to be combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) is 0.3%. In the region from 300 K to 425 K for pressures less than 20 MPa, the estimated uncertainty is less than 1%. Where there were data available for validation at temperatures from 230 K to 575 K for pressures up to 50 MPa, the estimated uncertainty is 2%. The correlation extrapolates in a physically reasonable manner and may be used at pressures to 100 MPa and temperatures from the triple point to 1000 K. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3702441]
C1 [Quinones-Cisneros, Sergio E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Deiters, Ulrich K.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
RP Quinones-Cisneros, SE (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Mat, Apdo Postal 70-360, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
EM seqc@mac.com
RI Deiters, Ulrich/A-8691-2012
OI Deiters, Ulrich/0000-0001-7669-5847
NR 50
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 2
AR 023102
DI 10.1063/1.3702441
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 966JS
UT WOS:000305834500002
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, Y
Wu, JT
Lemmon, EW
AF Zhou, Yong
Wu, Jiangtao
Lemmon, Eric W.
TI Thermodynamic Properties of o-Xylene, m-Xylene, p-Xylene, and
Ethylbenzene
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE equation of state; ethylbenzene; m-xylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; xylene
isomers
ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; PLUS M-XYLENE; SATURATED
HEAT-CAPACITIES; 2ND VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS; GIBBS FREE-ENERGIES; 35
DEGREES-C; BINARY-MIXTURES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RELATIVE
PERMITTIVITIES
AB Equations of state for the xylene isomers (o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) and ethylbenzene have been developed with the use of the Helmholtz energy as the fundamental property with independent variables of density and temperature. The general uncertainties of the equations of state are 0.5% in vapor pressure above the normal boiling point, and increase as the temperature decreases due to a lack of experimental data. The uncertainties in density range from 0.1% in the liquid region to 1.0% elsewhere (the critical and vapor-phase regions). The uncertainties in properties related to energy (such as heat capacity and sound speed) are estimated to be 1.0%. In the critical region, the uncertainties are higher for all properties. The behavior of the equations of state is reasonable within the region of validity and at higher and lower temperatures and pressures. Detailed analyses between the equations and experimental data are reported. (C) 2012 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3703506]
C1 [Zhou, Yong; Lemmon, Eric W.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Zhou, Yong; Wu, Jiangtao] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM eric.lemmon@nist.gov
NR 160
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 32
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 2
AR 023103
DI 10.1063/1.3703506
PG 26
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 966JS
UT WOS:000305834500003
ER
PT J
AU Snellenburg, JJ
Laptenok, SP
Seger, R
Mullen, KM
van Stokkum, IHM
AF Snellenburg, Joris J.
Laptenok, Sergey P.
Seger, Ralf
Mullen, Katharine M.
van Stokkum, Ivo H. M.
TI Glotaran: A Java-Based Graphical User Interface for the R Package TIMP
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE Glotaran; TIMP; global analysis; target analysis; time-resolved
spectroscopy; Java
ID TARGET ANALYSIS
AB In this work the software application called Glotaran is introduced as a Java-based graphical user interface to the R package TIMP, a problem solving environment for fitting superposition models to multi-dimensional data. TIMP uses a command-line user interface for the interaction with data, the specification of models and viewing of analysis results. Instead, Glotaran provides a graphical user interface which features interactive and dynamic data inspection, easier assisted by the user interface model specification and interactive viewing of results. The interactivity component is especially helpful when working with large, multi-dimensional datasets as often result from time-resolved spectroscopy measurements, allowing the user to easily pre-select and manipulate data before analysis and to quickly zoom in to regions of interest in the analysis results. Glotaran has been developed on top of the NetBeans rich client platform and communicates with R through the Java-to-R interface R serve. The background and the functionality of the application are described here. In addition, the design, development and implementation process of Glotaran is documented in a generic way.
C1 [Snellenburg, Joris J.; van Stokkum, Ivo H. M.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Seger, Ralf] Univ Augsburg, Dept Comp Oriented Stat & Data Anal COSADA, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
[Mullen, Katharine M.] NIST, Struct Determinat Methods Grp, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Snellenburg, JJ (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
EM j.snellenburg@vu.nl; s.laptenok@vu.nl; ralfseger@googlemail.com;
mullenkate@gmail.com; ivo@few.vu.nl
RI van Stokkum, Ivo/E-7175-2015; Snellenburg, Joris/C-2814-2011;
OI van Stokkum, Ivo/0000-0002-6143-2021; Snellenburg,
Joris/0000-0002-1428-0221; Laptenok, Sergey/0000-0002-6468-3010
FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [635.000.014]
FX This research was funded by Computational Science grant #635.000.014
from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).
Catharina Hippius and Rene Williams provided the data modeled in Section
2. We acknowledge the constructive criticism of the anonymous reviewers.
NR 22
TC 189
Z9 189
U1 6
U2 50
PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
PI LOS ANGELES
PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES,
CA 90095-1554 USA
SN 1548-7660
J9 J STAT SOFTW
JI J. Stat. Softw.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 3
BP 1
EP 22
PG 22
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics &
Probability
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA 968NQ
UT WOS:000305989900001
ER
PT J
AU Koev, ST
Agrawal, A
Lezec, HJ
Aksyuk, VA
AF Koev, Stephan T.
Agrawal, Amit
Lezec, Henri J.
Aksyuk, Vladimir A.
TI An Efficient Large-Area Grating Coupler for Surface Plasmon Polaritons
SO PLASMONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Grating coupler; Surface plasmon; Optimization; Efficiency; Gold
ID LIGHT; EXCITATION; OPTIMIZATION
AB We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a periodic grating of shallow rectangular grooves in a metallic film with the goal of maximizing the coupling efficiency of an extended plane wave (PW) of visible or near-infrared light into a single surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode on a flat metal surface. A PW-to-SPP power conversion factor > 45% is demonstrated at a wavelength of 780 nm, which exceeds by an order of magnitude the experimental performance of SPP grating couplers reported to date at any wavelength. Conversion efficiency is maximized by matching the dissipative SPP losses along the grating surface to the local coupling strength. This critical coupling condition is experimentally achieved by tailoring the groove depth and width using a focused ion beam.
C1 [Koev, Stephan T.; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri J.; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Koev, Stephan T.; Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Agrawal, Amit] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
RP Aksyuk, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov
RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009;
OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722
FU NIST-CNST NanoFab; NIST Division 637 FIB-SEM; NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter
FX This work is supported by the NIST-CNST NanoFab, NIST Division 637
FIB-SEM, and the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement. We also
thank Prof. Igor Griva for the useful discussions.
NR 26
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1557-1955
J9 PLASMONICS
JI Plasmonics
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 2
BP 269
EP 277
DI 10.1007/s11468-011-9303-7
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 968MQ
UT WOS:000305986300012
ER
PT J
AU Gnaupel-Herold, T
AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas
TI A software for diffraction stress factor calculations for textured
materials
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 60th Denver X-ray Conference (DXC)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Colorado Springs, CO
DE diffraction; elastic constants; texture; strain; stress
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ELASTICITY CONSTANTS
AB A software for the calculation of diffraction elastic constants (DEC) for materials both with and without preferred orientation was developed. All grain-interaction models that can use the crystallite orientation distribution function (ODF) are incorporated, including Kroner, Hill, inverse Kroner, and Reuss. The functions of the software include: reading the ODF in common textual formats, pole figure calculation, calculation of DEC for different (hkl, phi, psi), calculation of anisotropic bulk constants from the ODF, calculation of macro-stress from lattice strain and vice versa, as well as mixture ratios of (hkl) of overlapped reflections in textured materials. (C) International Centre for Diffraction Data [doi:10.1017/S0885715612000267]
C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bldg 090,Room 2135, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM tg-h@nist.gov
OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
EI 1945-7413
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 2
SI SI
BP 114
EP 116
DI 10.1017/S0885715612000267
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 969AQ
UT WOS:000306028500011
ER
PT J
AU Feinholz, ME
Flora, SJ
Brown, SW
Zong, Y
Lykke, KR
Yarbrough, MA
Johnson, BC
Clark, DK
AF Feinholz, M. E.
Flora, S. J.
Brown, S. W.
Zong, Y.
Lykke, K. R.
Yarbrough, M. A.
Johnson, B. C.
Clark, D. K.
TI Stray light correction algorithm for multichannel hyperspectral
spectrographs
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; BANDS
AB An algorithm is presented that corrects a multichannel fiber-coupled spectrograph for stray or scattered light within the system. The efficacy of the algorithm is evaluated based on a series of validation measurements of sources with different spectral distributions. This is the first application of a scattered-light correction algorithm to a multichannel hyperspectral spectrograph. The algorithm, based on characterization measurements using a tunable laser system, can be extended to correct for finite point-spread response in imaging systems. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Feinholz, M. E.; Flora, S. J.; Yarbrough, M. A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Brown, S. W.; Zong, Y.; Lykke, K. R.; Johnson, B. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Clark, D. K.] Joint NIST USURF Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
RP Feinholz, ME (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM feinholz@mlml.calstate.edu
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NAO08NES440014,
NA10AANEG0253]; NIST under NIST/Utah State University [70NANB9H9120]
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) through order number NAO08NES440014 to Moss
Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University Research
Foundation, and through order number NA10AANEG0253 to NIST's Optical
Technology Division. DKC was supported by NIST through order number
70NANB9H9120 to Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah, under a joint
NIST/Utah State University program in optical sensor calibration.
NR 15
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 16
BP 3631
EP 3641
DI 10.1364/AO.51.003631
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 955JT
UT WOS:000305015300065
PM 22695603
ER
PT J
AU Ralph, FM
Dettinger, MD
AF Ralph, F. M.
Dettinger, M. D.
TI Historical and National Perspectives on Extreme West Coast Precipitation
Associated with Atmospheric Rivers during December 2010
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; SATELLITE;
RAINFALL
C1 [Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dettinger, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov
NR 23
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 3
U2 33
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 6
BP 783
EP 790
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00188.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 964VI
UT WOS:000305724400007
ER
PT J
AU Rasmussen, R
Baker, B
Kochendorfer, J
Meyers, T
Landolt, S
Fischer, AP
Black, J
Theriault, JM
Kucera, P
Gochis, D
Smith, C
Nitu, R
Hall, M
Ikeda, K
Gutmann, E
AF Rasmussen, Roy
Baker, Bruce
Kochendorfer, John
Meyers, Tilden
Landolt, Scott
Fischer, Alexandre P.
Black, Jenny
Theriault, Julie M.
Kucera, Paul
Gochis, David
Smith, Craig
Nitu, Rodica
Hall, Mark
Ikeda, Kyoko
Gutmann, Ethan
TI HOW WELL ARE WE MEASURING SNOW? The NOAA/FAA/NCAR Winter Precipitation
Test Bed
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; VISIBILITY; ACCURACY; COLORADO
C1 [Rasmussen, Roy; Landolt, Scott; Black, Jenny; Theriault, Julie M.; Kucera, Paul; Gochis, David; Ikeda, Kyoko; Gutmann, Ethan] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Baker, Bruce; Kochendorfer, John; Meyers, Tilden; Hall, Mark] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Fischer, Alexandre P.; Smith, Craig; Nitu, Rodica] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Rasmussen, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM rasmus@ucar.edu
RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Gutmann,
Ethan/I-5728-2012
OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Gutmann,
Ethan/0000-0003-4077-3430
FU National Science Foundation; Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation
Weather Research Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program; U.S.
Regional Climate Reference Network (USRCRN) program
FX This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation through
an interagency agreement in response to requirements and funding by the
Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Weather Research Program, the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate
Reference Network program administered at NOAA's National Climatic Data
Center (see www.ncdc.noaa.gov/crn), and the U.S. Regional Climate
Reference Network (USRCRN) program. The views expressed are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position
of the U.S. government. The authors also acknowledge the support of
Cheri Ward, program manager for the USRCRN and Jim Riley, the FAA
contract manager for the NCAR ground deicing research and development
effort. We also acknowledge the editing efforts by David L. Senn
regarding the aerial site photo.
NR 33
TC 85
Z9 85
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 6
BP 811
EP 829
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00052.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 964VI
UT WOS:000305724400010
ER
PT J
AU Barker, D
Huang, XY
Liu, ZQ
Auligne, T
Zhang, X
Rugg, S
Ajjaji, R
Bourgeois, A
Bray, J
Chen, YS
Demirtas, M
Guo, YR
Henderson, T
Huang, W
Lin, HC
Michalakes, J
Rizvi, S
Zhang, XY
AF Barker, Dale
Huang, Xiang-Yu
Liu, Zhiquan
Auligne, Tom
Zhang, Xin
Rugg, Steven
Ajjaji, Raji
Bourgeois, Al
Bray, John
Chen, Yongsheng
Demirtas, Meral
Guo, Yong-Run
Henderson, Tom
Huang, Wei
Lin, Hui-Chuan
Michalakes, John
Rizvi, Syed
Zhang, Xiaoyan
TI THE WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL'S COMMUNITY
VARIATIONAL/ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM WRFDA
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE PREDICTION SYSTEM; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; RADAR DATA
ASSIMILATION; SEVERE WIND EVENT; TYPHOON RUSA 2002; PART I; BIAS
CORRECTION; SATELLITE DATA; SCHEME; IMPACT
C1 [Huang, Xiang-Yu; Liu, Zhiquan; Auligne, Tom; Zhang, Xin; Bourgeois, Al; Guo, Yong-Run; Huang, Wei; Lin, Hui-Chuan; Rizvi, Syed; Zhang, Xiaoyan] NCAR, MMM Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Barker, Dale] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Rugg, Steven] USAF, Weather Agcy, Offutt AFB, NE USA.
[Ajjaji, Raji] AF & Air Def Meteorol Dept, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
[Chen, Yongsheng] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada.
[Demirtas, Meral] Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Ankara, Turkey.
[Henderson, Tom] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Michalakes, John] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Huang, XY (reprint author), NCAR, MMM Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM huangx@ucar.edu
RI Zhang, Xin/L-7141-2015; Demirtas, Meral/Q-8555-2016
OI Demirtas, Meral/0000-0002-3026-9276
NR 58
TC 90
Z9 98
U1 1
U2 24
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 6
BP 831
EP 843
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00167.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 964VI
UT WOS:000305724400011
ER
PT J
AU Gerber, EP
Butler, A
Calvo, N
Charlton-Perez, A
Giorgetta, M
Manzini, E
Perlwitz, J
Polvani, LM
Sassi, F
Scaife, AA
Shaw, TA
Son, SW
Watanabe, S
AF Gerber, Edwin P.
Butler, Amy
Calvo, Natalia
Charlton-Perez, Andrew
Giorgetta, Marco
Manzini, Elisa
Perlwitz, Judith
Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Sassi, Fabrizio
Scaife, Adam A.
Shaw, Tiffany A.
Son, Seok-Woo
Watanabe, Shingo
TI ASSESSING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF STRATOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND
VARIABILITY ON THE EARTH SYSTEM
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; RELATIVELY SIMPLE AGCM; POLAR OZONE
DEPLETION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SURFACE WEATHER; SIMPLIFIED GCM;
ANNULAR MODES
C1 [Gerber, Edwin P.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA.
[Butler, Amy] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Calvo, Natalia] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra 2, Madrid, Spain.
[Calvo, Natalia] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA.
[Charlton-Perez, Andrew] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Giorgetta, Marco; Manzini, Elisa] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Polvani, Lorenzo M.; Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
[Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA.
[Sassi, Fabrizio] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Scaife, Adam A.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
[Son, Seok-Woo] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Watanabe, Shingo] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
RP Gerber, EP (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA.
EM gerber@cims.nyu.edu
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011; Butler,
Amy/K-6190-2012; Son, Seok-Woo /A-8797-2013; Watanabe,
Shingo/L-9689-2014;
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925;
Watanabe, Shingo/0000-0002-2228-0088; CALVO FERNANDEZ,
NATALIA/0000-0001-6213-1864; Gerber, Edwin/0000-0002-6010-6638; Sassi,
Fabrizio/0000-0002-9492-7434; Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220
FU National Science Foundation through the Atmospheric and Geospace
Sciences program; Office of Naval Research through NRL's base 6.1 and
6.2 research programs; NOAA's Climate Program Office; COMBINE project of
the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme
FX We thank Dr. Ben Ruston of the Marine Meteorology Division of the Naval
Research Laboratory for permission to use the data in Fig. 2, and two
anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of the
manuscript. EPG gratefully acknowledges the support of the National
Science Foundation through the Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences
program. FS acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research
through NRL's base 6.1 and 6.2 research programs. JP's contribution is
supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office, and MG and EM acknowledge
the partial support of the COMBINE project of the European Commission's
Seventh Framework Programme.
NR 119
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 6
BP 845
EP 859
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00145.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 964VI
UT WOS:000305724400012
ER
PT J
AU Vogelmann, AM
McFarquhar, GM
Ogren, JA
Turner, DD
Comstock, JM
Feingold, G
Long, CN
Jonsson, HH
Bucholtz, A
Collins, DR
Diskin, GS
Gerber, H
Lawson, RP
Woods, RK
Andrews, E
Yang, HJ
Chiu, JC
Hartsock, D
Hubbe, JM
Lo, CM
Marshak, A
Monroe, JW
McFarlane, SA
Schmid, B
Tomlinson, JM
Toto, T
AF Vogelmann, Andrew M.
McFarquhar, Greg M.
Ogren, John A.
Turner, David D.
Comstock, Jennifer M.
Feingold, Graham
Long, Charles N.
Jonsson, Haflidi H.
Bucholtz, Anthony
Collins, Don R.
Diskin, Glenn S.
Gerber, Hermann
Lawson, R. Paul
Woods, Roy K.
Andrews, Elisabeth
Yang, Hee-Jung
Chiu, J. Christine
Hartsock, Daniel
Hubbe, John M.
Lo, Chaomei
Marshak, Alexander
Monroe, Justin W.
McFarlane, Sally A.
Schmid, Beat
Tomlinson, Jason M.
Toto, Tami
TI RACORO EXTENDED-TERM AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS OF BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUDS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUID WATER PATH; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; DIURNAL CYCLE; MICROWAVE
RADIOMETERS; CONVECTION OVERLAND; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; STRATIFORM
CLOUDS; INDIAN-OCEAN; ARM CART; IN-SITU
C1 [Vogelmann, Andrew M.; Toto, Tami] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[McFarquhar, Greg M.; Yang, Hee-Jung] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA.
[Ogren, John A.; Feingold, Graham; Andrews, Elisabeth] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Comstock, Jennifer M.; Long, Charles N.; Hubbe, John M.; Lo, Chaomei; McFarlane, Sally A.; Schmid, Beat; Tomlinson, Jason M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Jonsson, Haflidi H.; Woods, Roy K.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
[Bucholtz, Anthony] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Collins, Don R.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
[Diskin, Glenn S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Gerber, Hermann] Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA USA.
[Lawson, R. Paul] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Andrews, Elisabeth] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Chiu, J. Christine] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
[Hartsock, Daniel; Monroe, Justin W.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Marshak, Alexander] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Vogelmann, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM vogelmann@bnl.gov
RI Collins, Don/F-9617-2012; Tomlinson, Jason/C-6566-2009; Feingold,
Graham/B-6152-2009; Chiu, Christine/E-5649-2013; Marshak,
Alexander/D-5671-2012; Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014; Ogren,
John/M-8255-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Chiu, Christine/0000-0002-8951-6913; Vogelmann,
Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; McFarquhar,
Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric
System Research; Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project
[DE-AC06-76RLO 1,830, DE-FG02-05ER64062, DE-AI05-09OR23371,
DE-SC0000543, DE-AI-02-08ER64562, DE-FG02-08ER64563, DE-FG02-08ER54564];
Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the many contributions by Debbie Ronfeld (AAF
logistics point of contact), pilots Mike Hubbell and Chris McGuire,
copilot Dave McSwaggan, Jesse Barge (cabin instrument operations), and
Greg Cooper (CIRPAS aircraft operations) and the web and media support
by Sherman Beus and Lynne Roeder, respectively. We are delighted to
acknowledge the NASA King Air team for their collaborative participation
and excellent flight coordination (PIs Rich Ferrare, Chris Hostetler,
and Brian Cairns). Data used in this article are from the U.S.
Department of Energy AAF RACORO campaign and from the SGP ARM Climate
Research Facility. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy's Atmospheric Science Program Atmospheric System Research, an
Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research
program, under the following grants/contracts: DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the
Earth System Modeling Program via the FASTER Project (AMV, TT);
DE-SC0005008 (JAO, EA); DE-FG02-08ER64538 (DDT); DE-FG02-02ER63337 (GM,
HJY); DE-FG02-07ER64378 (GM, HJY); DE-FG02-09ER64770 (GM, HJY);
DE-SC0001279 (GM, HJY); DE-SC0005507 (GM, HJY); DE-SC0002037 (GF);
DE-AC06-76RLO 1,830 (CNL, SAM); DE-FG02-05ER64062 (DH, JWM);
DE-AI05-09OR23371 (AB); DE-SC0000543 (GSD); DE-AI-02-08ER64562 (AM);
DE-FG02-08ER64563 (AM, JCC); and DE-FG02-08ER54564 (AM).
NR 56
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U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 6
BP 861
EP 878
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00189.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 964VI
UT WOS:000305724400013
ER
PT J
AU Essington, TE
Melnychuk, MC
Branch, TA
Heppell, SS
Jensen, OP
Link, JS
Martell, SJD
Parma, AM
Pope, JG
Smith, ADM
AF Essington, Timothy E.
Melnychuk, Michael C.
Branch, Trevor A.
Heppell, Selina S.
Jensen, Olaf P.
Link, Jason S.
Martell, Steven J. D.
Parma, Ana M.
Pope, John G.
Smith, Anthony D. M.
TI Catch shares, fisheries, and ecological stewardship: a comparative
analysis of resource responses to a rights-based policy instrument
SO CONSERVATION LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Catch shares; fisheries; marine conservation; market-based approaches;
policy evaluation; property-rights
ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL FISHERIES;
PROPERTY-RIGHTS; MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; DEFORESTATION; INCENTIVES;
COUNTRIES; SYSTEMS
AB Rights-based approaches are potentially promising tools to meet conservation objectives in natural resource management. Here, we evaluated how population status and fishery production respond to catch shares, a rights-based policy instrument in fisheries whereby participants are granted a right to harvest a fraction of the allowable catch. By analyzing time series of landings, exploitation rate, and population biomass for >150 fisheries, we find that catch shares tended to dampen variance in fishery landings and exploitation rate, that they had no effect on population biomass, and that the responses were unrelated to population status prior to catch shares. Variance dampening was strongest when harvesting rights were durable and secure but was absent otherwise. Reductions in exploitation rate were strongest in multispecies fisheries with high levels of at-sea observers. Although benefits are not guaranteed, successful catch share programs share common elements that can be incorporated in the design of future programs.
C1 [Essington, Timothy E.; Melnychuk, Michael C.; Branch, Trevor A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Jensen, Olaf P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Martell, Steven J. D.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
[Pope, John G.] NRC Europe Ltd, Old Rectory, Beccles, Suffolk, England.
[Smith, Anthony D. M.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
RP Essington, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM essing@uw.edu
RI Melnychuk, Michael/A-4680-2013; Smith, Tony/A-4017-2012
FU Lenfest Ocean Program
FX We thank the many local experts who contributed stock assessments to the
RAM legacy database and who participated in interviews to characterize
attributes of fisheries and catch share programs. We thank the editor
and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the
manuscript. This work was funded by the Lenfest Ocean Program.
NR 37
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U1 2
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1755-263X
J9 CONSERV LETT
JI Conserv. Lett.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 3
BP 186
EP 195
DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00226.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation
SC Biodiversity & Conservation
GA 959AQ
UT WOS:000305282500004
ER
PT J
AU Holland, DS
Jannot, JE
AF Holland, Daniel S.
Jannot, Jason E.
TI Bycatch risk pools for the US West Coast Groundfish Fishery
SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fisheries; Risk; Uncertainty; Incidental catch; Bycatch; Individual
quota; Risk pools
ID MORAL HAZARD; INSURANCE; MODELS
AB Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in multispecies fisheries create incentives for fishermen to avoid bycatch of species for which quota is scarce. However, when bycatch is highly uncertain, individual quota demand and prices may be volatile creating substantial financial risk for fishermen. The US Pacific Groundfish fishery recently introduced an ITQ system with low quotas for several overfished species with highly uncertain bycatch rates. Some fishery participants formed risk pools where bycatch quota is pooled and available to all pool members. Risk pools can reduce financial risk and transactions costs for individuals, but they also create moral hazard and adverse selection problems. We present an empirical analysis of bycatch risk that informs several issues of risk pool design including which bycatch species to include, pools size, and how to evaluate and mitigate adverse selection and moral hazard problems. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Holland, Daniel S.; Jannot, Jason E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Dan.holland@noaa.gov
OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X
NR 18
TC 19
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U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8009
J9 ECOL ECON
JI Ecol. Econ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 78
BP 132
EP 147
DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.04.010
PG 16
WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics
GA 964CQ
UT WOS:000305671700015
ER
PT J
AU Gharavi, H
Xu, C
AF Gharavi, Hamid
Xu, Chong
TI Traffic Scheduling Technique for Smart Grid Advanced Metering
Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Traffic scheduling; smart grid; mesh network; back pressure; IEEE
802.11s
ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; RANDOM-ACCESS; THROUGHPUT; STABILITY; SYSTEMS
AB In this paper, we present a multi-gate mesh network architecture that has been developed to ensure high performance and reliability under emergency conditions when a system expects to receive power outage notifications and exchanges. In order to handle the metering traffic, under time varying outage conditions we introduce a multi-gate and single-class back-pressure based scheduling algorithm, which takes into account both the hop-count, as well as the queue length of each mesh node. An important requirement of this algorithm is that all the meter nodes should always maintain a separate path to each gateway. We first quantify the stability region of the network when our novel algorithm is applied to schedule the packets. We then present a numeric analysis to prove that the overall network delay is reduced as a result of employing the proposed scheduling algorithm. Moreover, we also theoretically prove that the network is always able to remain stable as long as the arrival rate vector lies inside the stability region provided by our scheduling algorithm. Finally, we derive a distributed objective function that is adopted by the practical implementation of the packet-scheduling scheme. The simulation results indicate that under the context of the multi-gate network, our packet-scheduling scheme can indeed significantly improve the network's reliability and delay performance, which are important factors under outage conditions.
C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hamid.gharavi@nist.gov; chong.xu@nist.gov
NR 37
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Z9 11
U1 0
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0090-6778
J9 IEEE T COMMUN
JI IEEE Trans. Commun.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 60
IS 6
BP 1646
EP 1658
DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2012.12.100620
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 962WT
UT WOS:000305579500020
ER
PT J
AU Alford, MH
Cronin, MF
Klymak, JM
AF Alford, Matthew H.
Cronin, Meghan F.
Klymak, Jody M.
TI Annual Cycle and Depth Penetration of Wind-Generated Near-Inertial
Internal Waves at Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVENUMBER-FREQUENCY-SPECTRUM; SURFACE MIXED-LAYER; ENERGY FLUX; STRONG
STORM; DEEP-OCEAN; MENDOCINO ESCARPMENT; VELOCITY PROFILES; GEOSTROPHIC
FLOW; KINETIC-ENERGY; ALTIMETER DATA
AB The downward propagation of near-inertial internal waves following winter storms is examined in the context of a 2-yr record of velocity in the upper 800 m at Ocean Station Papa. The long time series allow accurate estimation of wave frequency, whereas the continuous data in depth allow separation into upward- and downward-propagating components. Near-inertial kinetic energy (KEin) dominates the record. At all measured depths, energy in downgoing motions exceeds that of upward-propagating motions by factors of 3-7, whereas KEin is elevated by a factor of 3-5 in winter relative to summer. The two successive winters are qualitatively similar but show important differences in timing and depth penetration. Energy is seen radiating downward in a finite number of wave groups, which are tagged and catalogued to determine the vertical group velocity c, which has a mean of about 1.5 x 10(-4) m s(-1) (13 m day(-1)). Case studies of three of these are presented in detail. Downward energy flux is estimated as c(gz) X KEin (i) by summing over the set of events, (ii) from time series near the bottom of the record, and (iii) from the wavenumber-frequency spectrum and the dispersion relationship. These estimates are compared to the work done on near-inertial motions in the mixed layer by the wind, which is directly estimated from mixed layer near-inertial currents and winds measured from a surface buoy 10 km away. All three methods yield similar values, indicating that 12%-33% of the energy input into the mixed layer transits 800 m toward the deep sea. This simple picture neglects lateral energy flux carried by the first few vertical modes, which was not measured. The substantial deep penetration implies that near-inertial motions may play a role in mixing the deep ocean, but the strong observed variability calls for a need to better understand the role of lateral mesoscale structures in modulating the vertical propagation.
C1 [Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Alford, Matthew H.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Klymak, Jody M.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada.
RP Alford, MH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM malford@apl.washington.edu
RI Klymak, Jody/A-3041-2008
OI Klymak, Jody/0000-0003-4612-8600
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0401]; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant
N00014-09-1-0401 and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). We are grateful to the captain, Murray McGregor,
and the crew of RN Tully and to the line P personnel for their
assistance in coordinating the trips to station Papa. We thank Patrick
A'Hearn, Robert Kamphaus, Michael Craig, Keith Ronnholm, and John
Mickett for their assistance in preparing, deploying, and recovering the
moored instrumentation and hardware. We thank the reviewers for valuable
comments that greatly improved the submitted manuscript.
NR 63
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U1 3
U2 27
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 42
IS 6
BP 889
EP 909
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-092.1
PG 21
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 966NW
UT WOS:000305845700001
ER
PT J
AU Defne, Z
Haas, KA
Fritz, HM
Jiang, LD
French, SP
Shi, X
Smith, BT
Neary, VS
Stewart, KM
AF Defne, Zafer
Haas, Kevin A.
Fritz, Hermann M.
Jiang, Lide
French, Steven P.
Shi, Xuan
Smith, Brennan T.
Neary, Vincent S.
Stewart, Kevin M.
TI National geodatabase of tidal stream power resource in USA
SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE Tidal energy; Tidal currents; Resource mapping; Numerical modeling; GIS
ID GEORGIA
AB A geodatabase of tidal constituents is developed to present the regional assessment of tidal stream power resource in the USA. Tidal currents are numerically modeled with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and calibrated with the available measurements of tidal current speeds and water level surfaces. The performance of the numerical model in predicting the tidal currents and water levels is assessed by an independent validation. The geodatabase is published on a public domain via a spatial database engine with interactive tools to select, query and download the data. Regions with the maximum average kinetic power density exceeding 500 W/m(2) (corresponding to a current speed of 1 m/s), total surface area larger than 0.5 km(2) and depth greater than 5 m are defined as hotspots and documented. The regional assessment indicates that the state of Alaska (AK) has the largest number of locations with considerably high kinetic power density, followed by, Maine (ME), Washington (WA), Oregon (OR), California (CA), New Hampshire (NH), Massachusetts (MA), New York (NY), New Jersey (NJ), North and South Carolina (NC, SC), Georgia (GA). and Florida (FL). (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Defne, Zafer; Haas, Kevin A.; Fritz, Hermann M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Savannah, GA 31407 USA.
[Jiang, Lide] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[French, Steven P.; Shi, Xuan] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Smith, Brennan T.; Neary, Vincent S.; Stewart, Kevin M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Defne, Z (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 210 Technol Circle, Savannah, GA 31407 USA.
EM zafer.defne@gatech.edu; khaas@gatech.edu; fritz@gatech.edu;
lide.jiang@noaa.gov; steve.french@coa.gatech.edu;
xuan.shi@coa.gatech.edu; smithbt@ornl.gov; nearyvs@ornl.gov;
stewartkm@ornl.gov
RI Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; Fritz, Hermann/H-5618-2013;
OI Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; Fritz, Hermann/0000-0002-6798-5401;
Defne, Zafer/0000-0003-4544-4310
FU Department of Energy, Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program
[DE-FG36-08GO18174]
FX This study was supported by the Department of Energy, Wind and
Hydropower Technologies Program award number DE-FG36-08GO18174. Any
opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein
are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of
the Department of Energy.
NR 35
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U1 0
U2 33
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-0321
J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV
JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 16
IS 5
BP 3326
EP 3338
DI 10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.061
PG 13
WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels
GA 959YN
UT WOS:000305354200087
ER
PT J
AU Masumoto, Y
Miyazawa, Y
Tsumune, D
Tsubono, T
Kobayashi, T
Kawamura, H
Estournel, C
Marsaleix, P
Lanerolle, L
Mehra, A
Garraffos, ZD
AF Masumoto, Yukio
Miyazawa, Yasumasa
Tsumune, Daisuke
Tsubono, Takaki
Kobayashi, Takuya
Kawamura, Hideyuki
Estournel, Claude
Marsaleix, Patrick
Lanerolle, Lyon
Mehra, Avichal
Garraffos, Zulema D.
TI Oceanic Dispersion Simulations of Cs-137 Released from the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
SO ELEMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE oceanic dispersion simulation; radionuclides; Cs-137; Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear power plant; regional ocean simulation; mesoscale eddy
ID SURFACE; MODEL; REANALYSIS; SEA
AB Five models have been used to estimate the oceanic dispersion of Cs-137 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant during March and April 2011, following the accident on March 11, 2011. The total discharged activity of Cs-137 is estimated to be 2 to 15 petabequerels. A weak southward current along the Fukushima coast was responsible for the initial transport direction, while mesoscale eddy-like structures and surface-current systems contributed to dispersion in areas beyond the continental shelf. Most of the discrepancies among the models in April are caused by differences in how the mesoscale current structures off the Ibaraki coast are represented.
C1 [Masumoto, Yukio; Miyazawa, Yasumasa] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
[Tsumune, Daisuke; Tsubono, Takaki] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Environm Sci Res Lab, Abiko, Chiba 2701194, Japan.
[Kobayashi, Takuya; Kawamura, Hideyuki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Estournel, Claude; Marsaleix, Patrick] Toulouse Univ, CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Lanerolle, Lyon] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA.
[Lanerolle, Lyon] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Mehra, Avichal] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Garraffos, Zulema D.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Masumoto, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
EM masumoto@jamstec.go.jp
RI marsaleix, patrick/C-2758-2013; Miyazawa, Yasumasa/J-3196-2014;
MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014
OI marsaleix, patrick/0000-0002-4506-5209; Miyazawa,
Yasumasa/0000-0002-0107-6272;
NR 14
TC 49
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 29
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 1811-5209
J9 ELEMENTS
JI Elements
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 3
BP 207
EP 212
DI 10.2113/gselements.8.3.207
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA 961XR
UT WOS:000305503300018
ER
PT J
AU Mueller, CJ
Cannella, WJ
Bruno, TJ
Bunting, B
Dettman, HD
Franz, JA
Huber, ML
Natarajan, M
Pitz, WJ
Ratcliff, MA
Wright, K
AF Mueller, Charles J.
Cannella, William J.
Bruno, Thomas J.
Bunting, Bruce
Dettman, Heather D.
Franz, James A.
Huber, Marcia L.
Natarajan, Mani
Pitz, William J.
Ratcliff, Matthew A.
Wright, Ken
TI Methodology for Formulating Diesel Surrogate Fuels with Accurate
Compositional, Ignition-Quality, and Volatility Characteristics
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; OXYGENATE
ADDITIVES; PHYSICOCHEMICAL AUTHENTICITY; MIXTURE MODEL; TEMPERATURE;
COMBUSTION; KEROSENE; IMPROVEMENTS; ENTHALPY
AB In this study, a novel approach was developed to formulate surrogate fuels having characteristics that are representative of diesel fuels produced from real-world refinery streams. Because diesel fuels typically consist of hundreds of compounds, it is difficult to conclusively determine the effects of fuel composition on combustion properties. Surrogate fuels, being simpler representations of these practical fuels, are of interest because they can provide a better understanding of fundamental fuel-composition and property effects on combustion and emissions-formation processes in internal-combustion engines. In addition, the application of surrogate fuels in numerical simulations with accurate vaporization, mixing, and combustion models could revolutionize future engine designs by enabling computational optimization for evolving real fuels. Dependable computational design would not only improve engine function, it would do so at significant cost savings relative to current optimization strategies that rely on physical testing of hardware prototypes. The approach in this study utilized the state-of-the-art techniques of C-13 and H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the advanced distillation curve to characterize fuel composition and volatility, respectively. The ignition quality was quantified by the derived cetane number. Two well-characterized, ultra-low-sulfur #2 diesel reference fuels produced from refinery streams were used as target fuels: a 2007 emissions certification fuel and a Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) diesel fuel. A surrogate was created for each target fuel by blending eight pure compounds. The known carbon bond types within the pure compounds, as well as models for the ignition qualities and volatilities of their mixtures, were used in a multiproperty regression algorithm to determine optimal surrogate formulations. The predicted and measured surrogate-fuel properties were quantitatively compared to the measured target-fuel properties, and good agreement was found.
C1 [Mueller, Charles J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Cannella, William J.] Chevron Corp, Richmond, CA 94802 USA.
[Bruno, Thomas J.; Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bunting, Bruce] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Dettman, Heather D.] Nat Resources Canada CanmetENERGY, Devon, AB T9G 1A6, Canada.
[Franz, James A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Natarajan, Mani] Marathon Petr Co, Findlay, OH 45840 USA.
[Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Ratcliff, Matthew A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Wright, Ken] Phillips 66 Co, Bartlesville, OK 74003 USA.
RP Mueller, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM cjmuell@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies;
Coordinating Research Council (CRC); U.S. DOE's National Nuclear
Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. DOE at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. DOE
[DE-AC36-08GO28308]; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Program for
Energy Research and Development; ecoEnergy Technology Initiative
FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of our friend and colleague Jim
Franz. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of
Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Vehicle Technologies, and by the
Coordinating Research Council (CRC) and the companies that employ the
CRC members. The study was conducted under the auspices of CRC. The
authors thank U.S. DOE program manager Kevin Stork for supporting the
participation of the U.S. national laboratories in this study. C.J.M.'s
portion of the research was conducted at the Combustion Research
Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California. Sandia is
a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security
Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. W.J.P.'s portion of the
research was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. M.A.R.'s
portion of the research was conducted at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL). The valuable technical assistance of NREL colleague
Jon Luecke with surrogate treating, blending, and measurement of the
ignition properties is gratefully acknowledged. NREL is operated by the
Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract
DE-AC36-08GO28308. Rafal Gieleciak and Darcy Hager at the Natural
Resources Canada (CanmetENERGY) Laboratory in Devon, Alberta, were
responsible for the gas-chromatographic analyses of the fuels, palette
compounds, and palette-compound mixtures, while Sara Salmon ran the
proton and carbon NMR analyses. Elemental analyses were performed by the
CanmetENERGY Analytical Group. The participation of CanmetENERGY in this
project was funded by Natural Resources Canada through partial funding
from the Canadian Program for Energy Research and Development and from
the ecoEnergy Technology Initiative.
NR 88
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U2 56
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 6
BP 3284
EP 3303
DI 10.1021/ef300303e
PG 20
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 961DP
UT WOS:000305444400020
ER
PT J
AU Burger, JL
Bruno, TJ
AF Burger, Jessica L.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Application of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method to the Variability
of Jet Fuels
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL;
IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; ENTHALPY; S-8; CUT
AB In this paper, we report the application of the advanced distillation-curve (ADC) approach to the gas turbine fuels Jet-A, JP-8, and JP-5, in order to obtain information about the variability of these gas turbine fuels. The measurements of the ADC derived temperatures T-k and T-h provide volatility information as an approximation of the vapor-liquid equilibrium, VLE. The composition channel of the advanced distillation curve provides access to more detailed insight into the fluid behavior. Finally, we have shown how the composition channel allows the combination of thermochemical data with the temperature data of the distillation curve. The variability in distillation curves and calculated heat of combustion between jet fuels is significant. Understanding of this variability is critical information for a more effective and reliable thermophysical property modeling system.
C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [MIPR-F1ATA091146004-000-000]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Air Force Office
of Scientific Research (MIPR-F1ATA091146004-000-000). J.L.B.
acknowledges the National Academy of Science/National Research Council
postdoctoral associateship program.
NR 39
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Z9 22
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
EI 1520-5029
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 6
BP 3661
EP 3671
DI 10.1021/ef3006178
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 961DP
UT WOS:000305444400059
ER
PT J
AU Pirkl, RJ
Remley, KA
Patane, CSL
AF Pirkl, Ryan J.
Remley, Kate A.
Patane, Christian S. Lotback
TI Reverberation Chamber Measurement Correlation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Correlation; entropy; measurement correlation; measurement efficiency;
reverberation chamber
ID ERROR RATE MEASUREMENTS; INDEPENDENT SAMPLES; SPATIAL DEGREES; NUMBER;
EFFICIENCY; DIVERSITY; CAPACITY; RAYLEIGH; FREEDOM
AB This contribution evaluates the utility of several different metrics for studying correlation between reverberation chamber measurements collected at different stirrer positions. Metrics considered are the autocovariance, the correlation matrix, and two metrics based upon the entropy of the data correlation matrix: 1) the effective number of uncorrelated measurements and 2) the measurement efficiency. The different metrics are shown to be useful for different correlation analyses. Application of these metrics reveals that the correlation between reverberation chamber measurements is strongly affected by stirring methodology, loading configuration, and measurement frequency.
C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Patane, Christian S. Lotback] Bluetest AB, SE-41755 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, RF Fields Grp, 325 Broadway St,MS 818-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ryan.pirkl@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov; c.lotback@gmail.com
NR 44
TC 22
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U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 54
IS 3
BP 533
EP 545
DI 10.1109/TEMC.2011.2166964
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 962VG
UT WOS:000305574300004
ER
PT J
AU Smith, SR
Bourassa, MA
Jackson, DL
AF Smith, Shawn R.
Bourassa, Mark A.
Jackson, Darren L.
TI Supporting Satellite Research With Data Collected by Vessels Automated
Meteorological Sampling From SAMOS Project Gathers Data Required to Test
Satellite Algorithms, Validate Products
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Smith, Shawn R.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Smith, SR (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM smith@coaps.fsu.edu
RI Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015
OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866
FU NOAA Climate Observation Division through Mississippi State University
[NA11OAR4320199]; NSF [0947784]
FX The SAMOS DAC is supported by NOAA Climate Observation Division through
Mississippi State University under the terms of agreement No.
NA11OAR4320199 and NSF Grant No. 0947784.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 53
IS 6
BP 21
EP 24
PG 4
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 961UV
UT WOS:000305495900004
ER
PT J
AU Jones, TA
Stensrud, DJ
AF Jones, Thomas A.
Stensrud, David J.
TI Assimilating AIRS Temperature and Mixing Ratio Profiles Using an
Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for Convective-Scale Forecasts
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; SSI ANALYSIS
SYSTEM; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; MODEL; IMPACT; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; RADIANCES;
CLOUD
AB One satellite data product that has received great interest in the numerical weather prediction community is the temperature and mixing ratio profiles derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board the Aqua satellite. This research assesses the impact of assimilating AIRS profiles on high-resolution ensemble forecasts of southern plains severe weather events occurring on 26 May 2009 and 10 May 2010 by comparing two ensemble forecasts. In one ensemble, the 1830 and 2000 UTC level 2 AIRS temperature and dewpoint profiles are assimilated with all other routine observations into a 36-member, 15-km Weather and Research Forecast Model (WRF) ensemble using a Kalman filter approach. The other ensemble is identical, except that only routine observations are assimilated. In addition, 3-km one-way nested-grid ensemble forecasts are produced during the periods of convection. Results indicate that over the contiguous United States, the AIRS profiles do not measurably improve the ensemble mean forecasts of midtropospheric temperature and dewpoint. However, the ensemble mean dewpoint profiles in the region of severe convective development are improved by the AIRS assimilation. Comparisons of the forecast ensemble radar reflectivity probabilities between the 1- and 4-h forecast times with nearby Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) observations show that AIRS-enhanced ensembles consistently generate more skillful forecasts of the convective features at these times.
C1 [Jones, Thomas A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Jones, Thomas A.; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM thomas.jones@noaa.gov
FU FRDD team; NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research under the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]
FX This research would not have been possible without the support of the
entire FRDD team. In particular, we would like to thank Nusrat Yussouf
for processing the KTLX WSR-88D radar data used in Fig. 9. AIRS L2 data
were acquired from the NASA data server (http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/).
Mobile radiosonde data collected by the VORTEX2 experiment were made
available by Mike Coniglio. We also appreciate the detailed comments
provided by the anonymous reviewers that provided a basis for several
significant improvements in the presentation of this study. This
research was supported by the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite,
Data, and Information Service. Partial funding for this research was
also provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, under the
U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 60
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U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 541
EP 564
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00090.1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100001
ER
PT J
AU Novak, DR
Colle, BA
AF Novak, David R.
Colle, Brian A.
TI Diagnosing Snowband Predictability Using a Multimodel Ensemble System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHEAST US CYCLONES; CONVECTION-PARAMETERIZING ENSEMBLES; POTENTIAL
VORTICITY INVERSION; MESOSCALE BAND FORMATION; CLOUD-RESOLVING MODELS;
MOIST BAROCLINIC WAVES; ERROR GROWTH DYNAMICS; FORECAST SYSTEM;
UNITED-STATES; PART I
AB The forecast uncertainty of mesoscale snowband formation and evolution is compared using predictions from a 16-member multimodel ensemble at 12-km grid spacing for the 25 December 2002, 12 February 2006, and 14 February 2007 northeast U.S. snowstorms. Using these predictions, the case-to-case variability in the predictability of band formation and evolution is demonstrated. Feature-based uncertainty information is also presented as an example of what may be operationally feasible from postprocessing information from future short-range ensemble forecast systems. Additionally, the initial condition sensitivity of band location in each case is explored by contrasting the forecast evolutions of initial condition members with large differences in snowband positions. Considerable uncertainty in the occurrence, and especially timing and location, of band formation and subsequent evolution was found, even at forecast projections < 24 h. The ensemble provided quantitative mesoscale band uncertainty information, and differentiated between high-predictability (14 February 2007) and low-predictability (12 February 2006) cases. Among the three cases, large (small) initial differences in the upper-level PV distribution and surface mean sea level pressure of the incipient cyclone were associated with large (small) differences in forecast snowband locations, suggesting that case-to-case differences in predictability may be related to the quality of the initial conditions. The complexity of the initial flow may also be a discriminator. Error growth was evident in each case, consistent with previous mesoscale predictability research, but predictability differences were not correlated to the degree of convection. Discussion of these results and future extensions of the work are presented.
C1 [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Rm 410,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM david.novak@noaa.gov
FU UCAR-COMET [S07-66814]; NOAA-CSTAR [NA10NWS4680003]
FX The second author was supported in part by UCAR-COMET (Grant S07-66814)
and NOAA-CSTAR (NA10NWS4680003). Martin Baxter provided insightful
comments that improved the manuscript. Jun Du provided the archived NCEP
SREF perturbations necessary to run the ensemble. Three anonymous
reviewers provided constructive comments leading to improvements in the
presentation of this work.
NR 64
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U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 565
EP 585
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00047.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100002
ER
PT J
AU Wen, M
Yang, S
Vintzileos, A
Higgins, W
Zhang, RH
AF Wen, Min
Yang, Song
Vintzileos, Augustin
Higgins, Wayne
Zhang, Renhe
TI Impacts of Model Resolutions and Initial Conditions on Predictions of
the Asian Summer Monsoon by the NCEP Climate Forecast System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; SEASONAL PREDICTION;
TROPICAL WESTERN; INDIAN MONSOON; EAST-ASIA; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY;
RAINFALL; ENSO
AB A series of 60-day hindcasts by the Climate Forecast System (CFS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is analyzed to understand the impacts of atmospheric model resolutions and initial conditions on predictions of the Asian summer monsoon. The experiments, for the time period 2002-06 and with 14 ensemble members, are conducted at resolutions of T62, T126, and T254. They are initialized every 5 days from May to August, using the operational global atmospheric data assimilation system and operational global ocean data assimilation. It is found that, in predicting the magnitude and the timing of monsoon rainfall over lands, high model resolutions overall perform better than lower model resolutions. The increase in prediction skills with model resolution is more apparent over South Asia than over Southeast Asia. The largest improvement is seen over the Tibetan Plateau, at least for precipitation. However, the increase in model resolution does not enhance the skill of the predictions over oceans. Overall, model resolution has larger impacts than do the initial conditions on predicting the development of the Asian summer monsoon in the early season. However, higher model resolutions such as T382 may be needed for the CFS to simulate and predict many features of the monsoon more realistically.
C1 [Yang, Song; Vintzileos, Augustin; Higgins, Wayne] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Wen, Min; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Rm 605,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM song.yang@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; Basic Scientific
Research and Operation Foundation of the CAMS [2010Z003]; NOAA-China
Meteorological Administration
FX The authors thank the editor, Prof. Da-Lin Zhang, and three anonymous
reviewers who provided constructive comments that improved the overall
quality of the paper. This study was partially supported by the
International S&T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and
Technology of China (Grant 2009DFA21430), the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant 40921003), the Basic Scientific Research and
Operation Foundation of the CAMS (Grant 2010Z003), and the NOAA-China
Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program.
NR 53
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U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 629
EP 646
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00128.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100005
ER
PT J
AU Gopalakrishnan, SG
Goldenberg, S
Quirino, T
Zhang, XJ
Marks, F
Yeh, KS
Atlas, R
Tallapragada, V
AF Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.
Goldenberg, Stanley
Quirino, Thiago
Zhang, Xuejin
Marks, Frank, Jr.
Yeh, Kao-San
Atlas, Robert
Tallapragada, Vijay
TI Toward Improving High-Resolution Numerical Hurricane Forecasting:
Influence of Model Horizontal Grid Resolution, Initialization, and
Physics
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID CYCLONE RAPID INTENSIFICATION; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; INNER-CORE
STRUCTURES; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; ANDREW 1992; TROPICAL CYCLONES;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; ATLANTIC
AB This paper provides an account of the performance of an experimental version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting system (HWRFX) for 87 cases of Atlantic tropical cyclones during the 2005, 2007, and 2009 hurricane seasons. The HWRFX system was used to study the influence of model grid resolution, initial conditions, and physics. For each case, the model was run to produce 126 h of forecast with two versions of horizontal resolution, namely, (i) a parent domain at a resolution of about 27 km with a 9-km moving nest (27:9) and (ii) a parent domain at a resolution of 9 km with a 3-km moving nest (9:3). The former was selected to be consistent with the current operational resolution, while the latter is the first step in testing the impact of finer resolutions for future versions of the operational model. The two configurations were run with initial conditions for tropical cyclones obtained from the operational Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and HWRF models. Sensitivity experiments were also conducted with the physical parameterization scheme. The study shows that the 9:3 HWRFX system using the GFDL initial conditions and a system of physics similar to the operational version (HWRF) provides the best results in terms of both track and intensity prediction. Use of the HWRF initial conditions in the HWRFX model provides reasonable skill, particularly when used in cases with initially strong storms (hurricane strength). However, initially weak storms (below hurricane strength) posed special challenges for the models. For the weaker storm cases, none of the predictions from the HWRFX runs or the operational GFDL forecasts provided any consistent improvement when compared to the operational Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme with an inland decay component (DSHIPS).
C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Goldenberg, Stanley; Quirino, Thiago; Marks, Frank, Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Zhang, Xuejin; Yeh, Kao-San] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
RP Gopalakrishnan, SG (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Sundararaman.G.Gopalakrishnan@noaa.gov
RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013;
Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Goldenberg,
Stanley/C-5965-2014; Quirino, Thiago/H-4903-2014
OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman
/0000-0003-1384-7860; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Zhang,
Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819;
Quirino, Thiago/0000-0001-8966-2542
FU NOAA
FX The authors acknowledge funding from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project that supported this work. The model was primarily
developed at NCEP. The first author wishes to acknowledge several of the
scientists at NCEP for their help during the development of this
modeling system. The authors wish to thank Gail Derr, Lisa Bucci, Drs.
Robert Rogers, and Tomislava Vukicevic, as well as the two anonymous
reviewers (who provided very detailed reviews), for providing useful
comments on improving the original version of this manuscript.
NR 61
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Z9 45
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 647
EP 666
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00055.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100006
ER
PT J
AU Coniglio, MC
AF Coniglio, Michael C.
TI Verification of RUC 0-1-h Forecasts and SPC Mesoscale Analyses Using
VORTEX2 Soundings
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID RAPID UPDATE CYCLE; SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; WEATHER PREDICTION;
DATA ASSIMILATION; SUPERCELL; IMPACT; MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY;
PARAMETERS
AB This study uses radiosonde observations obtained during the second phase of the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) to verify base-state variables and severe-weather-related parameters calculated from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) analyses and 1-h forecasts, as well as those calculated from the operational surface objective analysis system used at the Storm Prediction Center (the SFCOA). The rapid growth in temperature, humidity, and wind errors from 0 to 1 h seen at all levels in a past RUC verification study by Benjamin et al. is not seen in the present study. This could be because the verification observations are also assimilated into the RUC in the Benjamin et al. study, whereas the verification observations in the present study are not. In the upper troposphere, the present study shows large errors in relative humidity, mostly related to a large moist bias. The planetary boundary layer tends to be too shallow in the RUC analyses and 1-h forecasts. Wind speeds tend to be too fast in the lowest 1 km and too slow in the 2-4-km layer. RUC and SECOA 1-h forecast errors for many important severe weather parameters are large relative to their potential impact on convective evolution. However, the SFCOA significantly improves upon the biases seen in most of the 1-h RUC forecasts for the base-state surface variables and most of the other severe-weather-related parameters, indicating that the SECOA has a more significant impact in reducing the biases in the 1-h RUC forecasts than on the root-mean-squared errors.
C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Coniglio, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Rm 2234,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM michael.coniglio@noaa.gov
FU NOAA; National Science Foundation
FX The author thanks Phillip Bothwell and John Hart of the SPC, who
provided the SFCOA gridded data and helpful comments. We also thank the
science support ataff of the SPC, particularly Andy Dean and Jay Liang.
I also want to acknowledge the VORTEX2 sounding teams whose hard work at
home and in the field allowed for this study to be made (the teams were
led by Dr. George Bryan and Dr. Matt Parker). Finally, the author
greatly appreciates the financial support for VORTEX2 provided by NOAA
and the National Science Foundation.
NR 53
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 667
EP 683
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00096.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100007
ER
PT J
AU Yan, BH
Weng, FZ
AF Yan, Banghua
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Assimilation of F-16 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder Data in the
NCEP Global Forecast System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; EMISSION MODEL; SATELLITE; SNOW;
RETRIEVALS; RADIANCES; IMAGER; IMPACT
AB The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-16 satellite is the first conically scanning sounding instrument that provides information on atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles. The SSMIS data were preprocessed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) using its Unified Preprocessor Package (UPP) and then distributed to the numerical weather prediction centers by the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC). This dataset was assimilated into the Global Forecast System (GFS) using gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI). The initial assimilation of the SSMIS data into the GFS did not improve the medium-range (5-7 days) forecast skill. The SSMIS bias (O-B) still changes with location and time after the GSI bias-correction scheme is implemented. This bias characteristic is related to residual calibration errors in the correction of the SSMIS antenna emission and warm target contamination. The large O-B standard deviation is probably due to the large instrument noise in the SSMIS UPP data. The large O-B and its standard deviation for several surface sensitive channels are also caused by uncertainty in surface emissivity. In this study, a new scheme is developed to remove regionally dependent bias using a weekly composite O-B. The SSMIS noise is reduced through a Gaussian function filter. A new emissivity database for snow and sea ice is developed for the SSMIS surface sensitive channels. After applying these algorithms, the quality of the SSMIS low-atmospheric sounding (LAS) data is improved; the surface-sensitive channels can be effectively assimilated, and the impacts of SSMIS LAS data on the medium-range forecast in the GFS are positive and similar to those from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) data.
C1 [Yan, Banghua] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite & Prod Operat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Yan, BH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Satellite & Prod Operat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 510, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM banghua.yan@noaa.gov
RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Joint Center
for Satellite Data Assimilation
FX This research is jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and
Technology Project 2010CB951600 and the Joint Center for Satellite Data
Assimilation Program. The authors thank Drs. Russ Treadon and John
Derber for their help in running the NCEP GFS and GSI experiments.
Thanks also go to Gregory S. Krasowski for his help in preparing for the
UPP data. The views expressed in this publication are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 700
EP 714
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00062.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100009
ER
PT J
AU Trahan, S
Sparling, L
AF Trahan, Sam
Sparling, Lynn
TI An Analysis of NCEP Tropical Cyclone Vitals and Potential Effects on
Forecasting Models
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE
AB This study analyzes the Tropical Cyclone Vitals Database (TCVitals), which contains cyclone location, intensity, and structure information, generated in real time by forecasters. These data are used to initialize cyclones in several NCEP operational forecasting models via bogusing and vortex relocation methods. In many situations, time is of the essence and the TCVitals database represents the best real-time estimate of the cyclone state possible in real time, given the limitations of available data and time constraints inherent in real-time forecasting. NCEP and other users of TCVitals have a responsibility to work around the inevitable limitations of what forecasters can do for TCVitals in real time. With ensemble systems becoming available, a way to do that will soon be available. However, the TCVitals' limitations must first be quantitatively understood so that model developers can take them into account. That is the motivation for the present study, which compares the TCVitals storm location and intensity to postseason reanalysis values found in the best-track database and statistically compares the TCVitals storm depth to 946 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) overpasses. All storms of tropical depression strength or stronger in all basins are analyzed, with a special focus on National Hurricane Center TCVitals for the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins, the main areas of responsibility for NCEP. In addition, the sensitivity to TCVitals on the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model is examined by rerunning the 2011 HWRF for the 2010 North Atlantic season twice: once with TCVitals input and once with best-track input.
C1 [Trahan, Sam] NOAA, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Trahan, Sam; Sparling, Lynn] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Trahan, S (reprint author), NOAA, EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM samtrahan@samtrahan.com
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 744
EP 756
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00063.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100012
ER
PT J
AU Bikos, D
Lindsey, DT
Otkin, J
Sieglaff, J
Grasso, L
Siewert, C
Correia, J
Coniglio, M
Rabin, R
Kain, JS
Dembek, S
AF Bikos, Dan
Lindsey, Daniel T.
Otkin, Jason
Sieglaff, Justin
Grasso, Louie
Siewert, Chris
Correia, James, Jr.
Coniglio, Michael
Rabin, Robert
Kain, John S.
Dembek, Scott
TI Synthetic Satellite Imagery for Real-Time High-Resolution Model
Evaluation
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; CLOUDS; FIELDS; SPACE;
PARAMETERIZATION; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION
AB Output from a real-time high-resolution numerical model is used to generate synthetic infrared satellite imagery. It is shown that this imagery helps to characterize model-simulated large-scale precursors to the formation of deep-convective storms as well as the subsequent development of storm systems. A strategy for using this imagery in the forecasting of severe convective weather is presented. This strategy involves comparing model-simulated precursors to their observed counterparts to help anticipate model errors in the timing and location of storm formation, while using the simulated storm evolution as guidance.
C1 [Bikos, Dan; Grasso, Louie] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA.
[Otkin, Jason; Sieglaff, Justin; Rabin, Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
[Siewert, Chris; Correia, James, Jr.; Dembek, Scott] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Coniglio, Michael; Rabin, Robert; Kain, John S.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Bikos, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM bikos@cira.colostate.edu
RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012; Correia, Jr, James/A-9455-2010; Lindsey,
Dan/F-5607-2010
OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845; Correia, Jr,
James/0000-0003-1092-8999; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA090AR4320074,
NA10NES4400013]
FX This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration under Grants NA090AR4320074 and
NA10NES4400013. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are
those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA and
or U.S. government position, policy, or decision.
NR 37
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 784
EP 795
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00130.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100015
ER
PT J
AU Gallo, K
Smith, T
Jungbluth, K
Schumacher, P
AF Gallo, Kevin
Smith, Travis
Jungbluth, Karl
Schumacher, Philip
TI Hail Swaths Observed from Satellite Data and Their Relation to Radar and
Surface-Based Observations: A Case Study from Iowa in 2009
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID DAMAGE TRACKS; STORM
AB Several storms produced extensive hail damage over Iowa on 9 August 2009. The hail associated with these supercells was observed with radar data, reported by surface observers, and the resulting hail swaths were identified within satellite data. This study includes an initial assessment of cross validation of several radar-derived products and surface observations with satellite data for this storm event. Satellite-derived vegetation index data appear to be a useful product for cross validation of surface-based reports and radar-derived products associated with severe hail damage events. Satellite imagery acquired after the storm event indicated that decreased vegetation index values corresponded to locations of surface reported damage. The areal extent of decreased vegetation index values also corresponded to the spatial extent of the storms as characterized by analysis of radar data. While additional analyses are required and encouraged, these initial results suggest that satellite data of vegetated land surfaces are useful for cross validation of surface and radar-based observations of hail swaths and associated severe weather.
C1 [Gallo, Kevin] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Smith, Travis] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Smith, Travis] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK USA.
[Jungbluth, Karl] NOAA, NWS, Des Moines Weather Forecast Off, Johnston, IA USA.
[Schumacher, Philip] NOAA, NWS, Sioux Falls Weather Forecast Off, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
RP Gallo, K (reprint author), USGS EROS Ctr, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.
EM kevin.p.gallo@noaa.gov
RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010
FU NOAA GOES-R
FX This study was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R program. The
manuscript's contents do not constitute a statement of policy, decision,
or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government.
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 796
EP 802
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00118.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 960IV
UT WOS:000305382100016
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, MM
AF Phillips, Melissa M.
TI Analytical approaches to determination of total choline in foods and
dietary supplements
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
DE Choline; Food; Dietary supplement
ID INFANT FORMULA; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MILK; PRODUCTS; BIOSENSOR; PHOSPHOLIPIDS;
QUANTITATION; DETECTOR
AB Choline is a quaternary amine that is synthesized in the body or consumed through the diet. Choline is critical for cell membrane structure and function and in synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Although the human body produces this micronutrient, dietary supplementation of choline is necessary for good health. The major challenge in the analysis of choline in foods and dietary supplements is in the extraction and/or hydrolysis approach. In many products, choline is present as choline esters, which can be quantitated individually or treated with acid, base, or enzymes in order to release choline ions for analysis. A critical review of approaches based on extraction and quantitation of each choline ester as well as hydrolysis-based methods for determination of total choline in foods and dietary supplements is presented.
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Phillips, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM melissa.phillips@nist.gov
RI Phillips, Melissa/E-8030-2013
NR 38
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 45
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
EI 1618-2650
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 403
IS 8
BP 2103
EP 2112
DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5652-5
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 956ZD
UT WOS:000305127200005
PM 22286077
ER
PT J
AU Schiel, JE
Au, J
He, HJ
Phinney, KW
AF Schiel, John E.
Au, Jennifer
He, Hua-Jun
Phinney, Karen W.
TI LC-MS/MS biopharmaceutical glycoanalysis: identification of desirable
reference material characteristics
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Biopharmaceutical; Glycoprotein; Glycan; Mass spectrometry; Standards;
Reference material
ID N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED
FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRUCTURAL
ASSIGNMENT; NONSPECIFIC PROTEASES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; GLYCOPEPTIDES;
GLYCOMICS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES
AB Glycosylation, the enzymatic addition of carbohydrates to a protein, is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications found in nature. There is variability in the number, location, and identity of glycans attached. As a result, a glycoprotein consists of a number of glycoforms with different combinations of glycans, potentially resulting in different stability, toxicity, and activity. This is especially important in the biopharmaceutical industry where product consistency and safety are vital. Glycoprotein analysis involves numerous mass spectrometry based techniques, each of which provides various aspects of characterization. The current paper describes two commonly used analytical techniques for glycoprotein characterization. In one experiment, nonspecific proteolysis is combined with a two-tiered mass spectrometry approach (MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS) to gain glycosylation site and glycan identity. In a second approach, glycans were enzymatically released, labeled with a fluorescent dye, and analyzed using LC-Fluorescence-MS/MS to give glycan identification and relative quantification. The type and degree of information yielded by each method is assessed in an effort to identify desired reference material characteristics for improving biopharmaceutical glycoanalysis.
C1 [Schiel, John E.; Au, Jennifer; He, Hua-Jun; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Schiel, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.schiel@nist.gov
NR 40
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 403
IS 8
BP 2279
EP 2289
DI 10.1007/s00216-012-5749-5
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 956ZD
UT WOS:000305127200019
PM 22354569
ER
PT J
AU Hicken, M
Challis, P
Kirshner, RP
Rest, A
Cramer, CE
Wood-Vasey, WM
Bakos, G
Berlind, P
Brown, WR
Caldwell, N
Calkins, M
Currie, T
de Kleer, K
Esquerdo, G
Everett, M
Falco, E
Fernandez, J
Friedman, AS
Groner, T
Hartman, J
Holman, MJ
Hutchins, R
Keys, S
Kipping, D
Latham, D
Marion, GH
Narayan, G
Pahre, M
Pal, A
Peters, W
Perumpilly, G
Ripman, B
Sipocz, B
Szentgyorgyi, A
Tang, SM
Torres, MAP
Vaz, A
Wolk, S
Zezas, A
AF Hicken, Malcolm
Challis, Peter
Kirshner, Robert P.
Rest, Armin
Cramer, Claire E.
Wood-Vasey, W. Michael
Bakos, Gaspar
Berlind, Perry
Brown, Warren R.
Caldwell, Nelson
Calkins, Mike
Currie, Thayne
de Kleer, Kathy
Esquerdo, Gil
Everett, Mark
Falco, Emilio
Fernandez, Jose
Friedman, Andrew S.
Groner, Ted
Hartman, Joel
Holman, Matthew J.
Hutchins, Robert
Keys, Sonia
Kipping, David
Latham, Dave
Marion, George H.
Narayan, Gautham
Pahre, Michael
Pal, Andras
Peters, Wayne
Perumpilly, Gopakumar
Ripman, Ben
Sipocz, Brigitta
Szentgyorgyi, Andrew
Tang, Sumin
Torres, Manuel A. P.
Vaz, Amali
Wolk, Scott
Zezas, Andreas
TI CfA4: LIGHT CURVES FOR 94 TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE supernovae: general
ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DARK-ENERGY CONSTRAINTS; PHOTOMETRY DATA
RELEASE; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; LUMINOSITY INDICATORS; IMAGE SUBTRACTION;
HOST GALAXIES; CONSTANT; MAGNITUDES; UNIVERSE
AB We present multi-band optical photometry of 94 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the redshift range 0.0055-0.073, obtained between 2006 and 2011. There are a total of 5522 light-curve points. We show that our natural-system SN photometry has a precision of less than or similar to 0.03 mag in BV r'i', less than or similar to 0.06 mag in u', and less than or similar to 0.07 mag in U for points brighter than 17.5 mag and estimate that it has a systematic uncertainty of 0.014, 0.010, 0.012, 0.014, 0.046, and 0.073 mag in BV r'i'u'U, respectively. Comparisons of our standard-system photometry with published SN Ia light curves and comparison stars reveal mean agreement across samples in the range of similar to 0.00-0.03 mag. We discuss the recent measurements of our telescope-plus-detector throughput by direct monochromatic illumination by Cramer et al. This technique measures the whole optical path through the telescope, auxiliary optics, filters, and detector under the same conditions used to make SN measurements. Extremely well characterized natural-system passbands (both in wavelength and over time) are crucial for the next generation of SN Ia photometry to reach the 0.01 mag accuracy level. The current sample of low-z SNe Ia is now sufficiently large to remove most of the statistical sampling error from the dark-energy error budget. But pursuing the dark-energy systematic errors by determining highly accurate detector passbands, combining optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry and spectra, using the nearby sample to illuminate the population properties of SNe Ia, and measuring the local departures from the Hubble flow will benefit from larger, carefully measured nearby samples.
C1 [Hicken, Malcolm; Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.; Bakos, Gaspar; Berlind, Perry; Brown, Warren R.; Caldwell, Nelson; Calkins, Mike; Falco, Emilio; Fernandez, Jose; Friedman, Andrew S.; Groner, Ted; Hartman, Joel; Holman, Matthew J.; Hutchins, Robert; Keys, Sonia; Kipping, David; Latham, Dave; Marion, George H.; Narayan, Gautham; Pahre, Michael; Pal, Andras; Peters, Wayne; Ripman, Ben; Sipocz, Brigitta; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Tang, Sumin; Torres, Manuel A. P.; Wolk, Scott; Zezas, Andreas] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Rest, Armin] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Cramer, Claire E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wood-Vasey, W. Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Bakos, Gaspar; Hartman, Joel] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Currie, Thayne] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[de Kleer, Kathy] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Esquerdo, Gil; Everett, Mark] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Perumpilly, Gopakumar] Univ S Dakota, Dept Phys, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.
[Vaz, Amali] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Hicken, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM mhicken@cfa.harvard.edu
RI Friedman, Andrew/I-4691-2013; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011;
OI Friedman, Andrew/0000-0003-1334-039X; Zezas,
Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Narayan,
Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166
FU NSF [AST0606772, AST0907903]
FX We thank the staff at FLWO for their dedicated work in maintaining the
1.2 m telescope and instruments. We also thank M. Stritzinger, W. Li,
and M. Ganeshalingam for help in comparing the CfA4 sample with the CSP2
and LOSS samples. Finally, we appreciate discussions with K. Mandel.
This work has been supported, in part, by NSF grants AST0606772 and
AST0907903 to Harvard University.
NR 72
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 200
IS 2
AR 12
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/200/2/12
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 956KH
UT WOS:000305088000002
ER
PT J
AU Mendelssohn, IA
Andersen, GL
Baltz, DM
Caffey, RH
Carman, KR
Fleeger, JW
Joye, SB
Lin, QX
Maltby, E
Overton, EB
Rozas, LP
AF Mendelssohn, Irving A.
Andersen, Gary L.
Baltz, Donald M.
Caffey, Rex H.
Carman, Kevin R.
Fleeger, John W.
Joye, Samantha B.
Lin, Qianxin
Maltby, Edward
Overton, Edward B.
Rozas, Lawrence P.
TI Oil Impacts on Coastal Wetlands: Implications for the Mississippi River
Delta Ecosystem after the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
SO BIOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE wetlands; environmental science; ecology; coastal ecosystems;
microbiology
ID LOUISIANA BRACKISH MARSH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; CRUDE-OIL;
HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; VEGETATION;
PETROLEUM; RECOVERY; CONSEQUENCES
AB On 20 April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon explosion, which released a US government estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico, was responsible for the death of 11 oil workers and, possibly, for an environmental disaster unparalleled in US history. For 87 consecutive days, the Macondo well continuously released crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Many kilometers of shoreline in the northern Gulf of Mexico were affected, including the fragile and ecologically important wetlands of Louisiana's Mississippi River Delta ecosystem. These wetlands are responsible for a third of the nation's fish production and, ironically, help to protect an energy infrastructure that provides a third of the nation's oil and gas supply. Here, we provide a basic overview of the chemistry and biology of oil spills in coastal wetlands and an assessment of the potential and realized effects on the ecological condition of the Mississippi River Delta and its associated flora and fauna.
C1 [Mendelssohn, Irving A.; Baltz, Donald M.; Lin, Qianxin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Caffey, Rex H.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Carman, Kevin R.; Fleeger, John W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Joye, Samantha B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Maltby, Edward] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.
[Overton, Edward B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Rozas, Lawrence P.] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA.
[Rozas, Lawrence P.] Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA.
RP Mendelssohn, IA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM imendel@lsu.edu
RI Fleeger, John/A-6215-2013; Baltz, Donald/A-9374-2009; Andersen,
Gary/G-2792-2015;
OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Joye, Samantha/0000-0003-1610-451X
FU Gulf Research Initiative; Northern Gulf Institute; Louisiana Sea Grant
Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program; National Science
Foundation; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231];
US Department of Energy
FX This review was made possible through support from the Gulf Research
Initiative to Louisiana State University (to IAM, QL, KRC, and JWF);
from the Northern Gulf Institute (to IAM and QL); from the Louisiana Sea
Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the US
Department of Commerce (to IAM, QL, and EM, who is a Sea Grant Laborde
Endowed Chair); from the National Science Foundation (to SBJ); and from
the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract
DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the US Department of Energy (to GLA). The
findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the views of NOAA or any other federal, state,
or private agency.
NR 65
TC 71
Z9 72
U1 12
U2 177
PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0006-3568
J9 BIOSCIENCE
JI Bioscience
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 6
BP 562
EP 574
DI 10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.7
PG 13
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 958TB
UT WOS:000305262500007
ER
PT J
AU Benson, JD
Kearsley, AJ
Higgins, AZ
AF Benson, James D.
Kearsley, Anthony J.
Higgins, Adam Z.
TI Mathematical optimization of procedures for cryoprotectant equilibration
using a toxicity cost function
SO CRYOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cryopreservation; Vitrification; Optimization; Cryoprotectant; Toxicity;
Oocyte
ID OSMOTICALLY INACTIVE VOLUME; HUMAN OOCYTES; MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY;
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; CRYOPRESERVATION;
VITRIFICATION; GLYCEROL; EMBRYOS; REPLACEMENT
AB Cryopreservation nearly universally depends on the equilibration of cells and tissues with high concentrations of permeating chemicals known as cryoprotective agents, or CPAs. Despite their protective properties, CPAs can cause damage as a result of osmotically-driven cell volume changes, as well as chemical toxicity. In this study, we have used previously published data to determine a toxicity cost function, a quantity that represents the cumulative damage caused by toxicity. We then used this cost function to define and numerically solve the optimal control problem for CPA equilibration, using human oocytes as representative cell type with high clinical relevance. The resulting toxicity-optimal procedures are predicted to yield significantly less toxicity than conventional stepwise procedures. In particular, our results show that toxicity is minimized during CPA addition by inducing the cell to swell to its maximum tolerable volume and then loading it with CPA while in the swollen state. This counterintuitive result is considerably different from the conventional stepwise strategy, which involves exposure to successively higher CPA concentrations in order to avoid excessive shrinkage. The procedures identified in the present study have the potential to significantly reduce damage due to toxicity and warrant further investigation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Higgins, Adam Z.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Benson, James D.; Kearsley, Anthony J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Higgins, AZ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, 102 Gleeson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM adam.higgins@oregonstate.edu
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology National Research Council
FX J.D. Benson was supported by a National Institute of Standards and
Technology National Research Council postdoctoral associateship.
NR 38
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 17
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0011-2240
J9 CRYOBIOLOGY
JI Cryobiology
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 64
IS 3
BP 144
EP 151
DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.01.001
PG 8
WC Biology; Physiology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology
GA 957MP
UT WOS:000305167400002
PM 22248796
ER
PT J
AU Lass, EA
AF Lass, Eric A.
TI Hydrogen storage in rapidly solidified and crystallized Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd
alloys
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mg-based alloy; Hydrogen storage; Metal hydride; Nanocrystalline
material; Metallic glass
ID MAGNESIUM; HYDRIDE
AB Amorphous-crystalline composite ribbons of quaternary Mg-Ni-(Y,La)-Pd alloys are produced via rapidly solidification and used as precursors for creating nanocrystalline hydrogen storage materials. The resulting materials demonstrate relatively high hydrogen capacity of around 4.5 mass% H and excellent absorption/desorption kinetics at 573 K. Additionally, the alloys demonstrate reversible hydrogen storage at 473 K. A composition of Mg85Ni10Y2.5Pd2.5 fully absorbs and desorbs 4.6 mass% H in 90 min. The cyclability of the quaternary alloys demonstrates good stability, with little loss in maximum capacity through 8-10 cycles. This has been attributed to the improved stability of the nanocrystalline structure attained via the Y and La additions. Thermodynamically, the enthalpy of the hydrogen absorption reaction is reduced by 5 kJ/mol in the quaternary alloys, compared to Mg-MgH2; while the entropy of reaction is also reduced. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA.
RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8555, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA.
EM eric.lass@nist.gov
RI Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014
FU National Research Council under the NIST/NRC
FX The author would like to thank the National Research Council for support
under the NIST/NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program.
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 47
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 12
BP 9716
EP 9721
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.096
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 956RH
UT WOS:000305106300029
ER
PT J
AU Wolfe, JP
Snider, JR
AF Wolfe, Jonathan P.
Snider, Jefferson R.
TI A Relationship between Reflectivity and Snow Rate for a High-Altitude
S-Band Radar
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEGATIVE ELEVATION ANGLES; MOUNTAINTOP WSR-88DS; PRECIPITATION GAUGE;
SIZE SPECTRA; ICE; CLOUD; STORMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; ACCUMULATION;
AGGREGATION
AB An important application of radar reflectivity measurements is their interpretation as precipitation intensity. Empirical relationships exist for converting microwave backscatter retrieved from precipitation particles (represented by an equivalent reflectivity factor Z(e)) to precipitation intensity. The reflectivity-snow-rate relationship has the form Z(e) = alpha S-beta, where S is a liquid-equivalent snow rate and alpha and beta are fitted coefficients. Substantial uncertainty exists in radar-derived values of snow rate because the reflectivity and intensity associated with snow tend to be smaller than those for rain and because of snow-particle drift between radar and surface detection. Uncertainty in radar-derived snow rate is especially evident at the few available high-altitude sites for which a relationship between reflectivity and snow rate has been developed. Using a new type of precipitation sensor and a National Weather Service radar, this work investigates the Z(e)-S relationship at a high-altitude site (Cheyenne, Wyoming). The S measurements were made 25 km northwest of the radar on the eastern flank of the Rocky Mountains; vertical separation between the radar range gate and the ground was Less than 700 m. A meteorological feature of the snowstorms was northeasterly upslope flow of humid air at low levels. The Z(e)-S data pairs were fitted with beta = 2. The finding of this study for Cheyenne, alpha = 110 mm(4) h(2) m(-3), is bounded by previous determinations made at other high-altitude National Weather Service sites. Also investigated was the temperature dependence of alpha. A positive alpha-T relationship is evident and is hypothesized to result from ice crystals produced by heterogeneous ice nucleation, at cloud top, followed by diffusional crystal growth during sedimentation.
C1 [Snider, Jefferson R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Dept 3038, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Wolfe, Jonathan P.] Natl Weather Serv, Portland, OR USA.
RP Snider, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Dept 3038, 1000 E Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
EM jsnider@uwyo.edu
RI Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016
OI Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343
FU Wyoming Water Development Commission [WWDC49564]; U.S. Department of
Interior [DOIUSGS43613PRE]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0650609]
FX We are indebted to Sam Haimov and Bart Geerts for the benefit of several
discussions and especially for their assistance with our analysis of the
WSR dataset. The advice of David Leon and two anonymous reviewers helped
to sharpen the presentation; we appreciate their persistence. Our field
measurements would not have been possible without the expert technical
assistance provided by Matt Burkhart. Support from Grants WWDC49564
(Wyoming Water Development Commission) and DOIUSGS43613PRE (U.S.
Department of Interior) is gratefully acknowledged. Also, J. Snider's
involvement in the analysis phase of the project was supported by the
National Science Foundation through Grant ATM-0650609.
NR 50
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 6
BP 1111
EP 1128
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0112.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 959KA
UT WOS:000305310100009
ER
PT J
AU Heidinger, AK
Evan, AT
Foster, MJ
Walther, A
AF Heidinger, Andrew K.
Evan, Amato T.
Foster, Michael J.
Walther, Andi
TI A Naive Bayesian Cloud-Detection Scheme Derived from CALIPSO and Applied
within PATMOS-x
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL; PART I; MODIS; RADIANCES; MASK
AB The naive Bayesian methodology has been applied to the challenging problem of cloud detection with NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). An analysis of collocated NOAA-18/AVHRR and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations was used to automatically and globally derive the Bayesian classifiers. The resulting algorithm used six Bayesian classifiers computed separately for seven surface types. Relative to CALIPSO, the final results show a probability of correct detection of roughly 90% over water, deserts, and snow-free land; 82% over the Arctic; and below 80% over the Antarctic. This technique is applied within the NOAA Pathfinder Atmosphere's Extended (PATMOS-x) climate dataset and the Clouds from AVHRR Extended (CLAVR-x) real-time product generation system. Comparisons of the PATMOS-x results with those from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) indicate close agreement with zonal mean differences in cloud amount being less than 5% over most zones. Most areas of difference coincided with regions where the Bayesian cloud mask reported elevated uncertainties. The ability to report uncertainties is a critical component of this approach.
C1 [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Evan, Amato T.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
[Foster, Michael J.; Walther, Andi] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA.
RP Heidinger, AK (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM andrew.heidinger@noaa.gov
RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
NR 19
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 6
BP 1129
EP 1144
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-02.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 959KA
UT WOS:000305310100010
ER
PT J
AU Baum, BA
Menzel, WP
Frey, RA
Tobin, DC
Holz, RE
Ackerman, SA
Heidinger, AK
Yang, P
AF Baum, Bryan A.
Menzel, W. Paul
Frey, Richard A.
Tobin, David C.
Holz, Robert E.
Ackerman, Steve A.
Heidinger, Andrew K.
Yang, Ping
TI MODIS Cloud-Top Property Refinements for Collection 6
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PART I; PHASE; INFORMATION; RETRIEVALS; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS;
AIRS/AMSU/HSB; TEMPERATURE; IMPROVEMENT
AB This paper summarizes the Collection-6 refinements in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MOD'S) operational cloud-top properties algorithm. The focus is on calibration improvements and on cloud macrophysical properties including cloud-top pressure-temperature-height and cloud thermodynamic phase. The cloud phase is based solely on infrared band measurements. In addition, new parameters will be provided in Collection 6, including cloud-top height and a flag for clouds near the tropopause. The cloud parameters are improved primarily through 1) improved knowledge of the spectral response functions for the MODIS 15-mu m carbon dioxide bands gleaned from comparison of coincident MODIS and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance measurements and 2) continual comparison of global MODIS and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) instantaneous cloud products throughout the course of algorithm refinement. Whereas the cloud-top macrophysical parameters were provided through Collection 5 solely at 5-km spatial resolution, these parameters will be available additionally at 1-km spatial resolution in Collection 6.
C1 [Baum, Bryan A.; Menzel, W. Paul; Frey, Richard A.; Tobin, David C.; Holz, Robert E.; Ackerman, Steve A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA.
[Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Baum, BA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum,
Bryan/B-7670-2011; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Heidinger,
Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767;
Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Heidinger,
Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
FU NASA [NNX11AH62G]
FX This work is funded through NASA Grant NNX11AH62G. The team at the
Atmosphere PEATE was instrumental in providing computational and
logistical support; we are grateful for their contributions. We thank
Fred Nagle for developing the software to collocate data between the
various A-Train sensors. The authors also acknowledge the three
reviewers who provided invaluable comments that helped us improve the
manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report
are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government
position, policy, or decision.
NR 35
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
EI 1558-8432
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 6
BP 1145
EP 1163
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0203.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 959KA
UT WOS:000305310100011
ER
PT J
AU Lei, L
Zhang, GF
Doviak, RJ
Palmer, R
Cheong, BL
Xue, M
Cao, Q
Li, YG
AF Lei, Lei
Zhang, Guifu
Doviak, Richard J.
Palmer, Robert
Cheong, Boon Leng
Xue, Ming
Cao, Qing
Li, Yinguang
TI Multilag Correlation Estimators for Polarimetric Radar Measurements in
the Presence of Noise
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; DOPPLER
SPECTRA; PART I; WSR-88D; MODEL
AB The quality of polarimetric radar data degrades as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases. This substantially limits the usage of collected polarimetric radar data to high SNR regions. To improve data quality at low SNRs, multilag correlation estimators are introduced. The performance of the multilag estimators for spectral moments and polarimetric parameters is examined through a theoretical analysis and by the use of simulated data. The biases and standard deviations of the estimates are calculated and compared with those estimates obtained using the conventional method.
C1 [Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Palmer, Robert; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Doviak, Richard J.; Palmer, Robert; Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert; Cheong, Boon Leng; Cao, Qing; Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Suite 5900,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM guzhang1@ou.edu
RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014;
OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815; Cao,
Qing/0000-0001-6660-3566
FU NOAA [NA08OAR4320904]; NSF [AGS-1046171]
FX The work was supported by NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320904 and NSF Grant
AGS-1046171. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful
reviews and suggestive comments.
NR 29
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 6
BP 772
EP 795
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00010.1
PG 24
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 958WQ
UT WOS:000305272100002
ER
PT J
AU Torres, SM
Curtis, CD
AF Torres, Sebastian M.
Curtis, Christopher D.
TI The Impact of Signal Processing on the Range-Weighting Function for
Weather Radars
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID REFLECTIVITY GRADIENTS; SPECTRAL MOMENT; SIMULATION
AB The range-weighting function (RWF) determines how individual scatterer contributions are weighted as a function of range to produce the meteorological data associated with a single resolution volume. The RWF is commonly defined in terms of the transmitter pulse envelope and the receiver filter impulse response, and it determines the radar range resolution. However, the effective RWF also depends on the range-time processing involved in producing estimates of meteorological variables. This is a third contributor to the RWF that has become more significant in recent years as advanced range-time processing techniques have become feasible for real-time implementation on modern radar systems. In this work, a new formulation of the RWF for weather radars that incorporates the impact of signal processing is proposed. Following the derivation based on a general signal processing model, typical scenarios are used to illustrate the variety of RWFs that can result from different range-time signal processing techniques. Finally, the RWF is used to measure range resolution and the range correlation of meteorological data.
C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]
FX The authors thank Dick Doviak, Dusan Zrnic, Igor Ivic, and three
anonymous reviewers for providing very useful comments that helped
improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic
and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 6
BP 796
EP 806
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00135.1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 958WQ
UT WOS:000305272100003
ER
PT J
AU DiNapoli, SM
Bourassa, MA
Powell, MD
AF DiNapoli, Steven M.
Bourassa, Mark A.
Powell, Mark D.
TI Uncertainty and Intercalibration Analysis of H*Wind
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HURRICANE ANDREW LANDFALL; DOPPLER RADAR DATA; SOUTH FLORIDA; SURFACE
WINDS; PART II; PROFILES; FIELDS; MODEL; INITIALIZATION; DROPWINDSONDE
AB The Hurricane Research Division (HRD) Real-time Hurricane Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) is a software application used by NOAA's HRD to create a gridded tropical cyclone wind analysis based on a wide range of observations. These analyses are used in both forecasting and research applications. Although mean bias and RMS errors are listed, H*Wind lacks robust uncertainty information that considers the contributions of random observation errors, relative biases between observation types, temporal drift resulting from combining nonsimultaneous measurements into a single analysis, and smoothing and interpolation errors introduced by the H*Wind analysis. This investigation seeks to estimate the total contributions of these sources, and thereby provide an overall uncertainty estimate for the H*Wind product.
A series of statistical analyses show that in general, the total uncertainty in the H*Wind product in hurricanes is approximately 6% near the storm center, increasing to nearly 13% near the tropical storm force wind radius. The H*Wind analysis algorithm is found to introduce a positive bias to the wind speeds near the storm center, where the analyzed wind speeds are enhanced to match the highest observations. In addition, spectral analyses are performed to ensure that the filter wavelength of the final analysis product matches user specifications. With increased knowledge of bias and uncertainty sources and their effects, researchers will have a better understanding of the uncertainty in the H*Wind product and can then judge the suitability of H*Wind for various research applications.
C1 [DiNapoli, Steven M.; Bourassa, Mark A.; Powell, Mark D.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[DiNapoli, Steven M.; Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
RP DiNapoli, SM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,200 RM Johnson Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM sdinapoli@coaps.fsu.edu
RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013
OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945
FU NASA OVWST
FX We thank Drs. Eric Uhlhorn and Bradley Klotz from NOAA/AOML's Hurricane
Research Division for taking time to talk with us and share their
knowledge of common observational biases, as well as Shirley Murillo,
Sonia Otero, and Bachir Annane for assistance with H*Wind. We would also
like to acknowledge funding support through the NASA OVWST.
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 6
BP 822
EP 833
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00165.1
PG 12
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 958WQ
UT WOS:000305272100005
ER
PT J
AU Morrissey, ML
Diamond, HJ
McPhaden, MJ
Freitag, HP
Greene, JS
AF Morrissey, Mark L.
Diamond, Howard J.
McPhaden, Michael J.
Freitag, H. Paul
Greene, J. Scott
TI An Investigation of the Consistency of TAO-TRITON Buoy-Mounted
Capacitance Rain Gauges
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GROUND-VALIDATION; SATELLITE; TROPICS; ERROR
AB The common use of remotely located, buoy-mounted capacitance rain gauges in the tropical oceans for satellite rainfall verification studies provides motivation for an in situ gauge bias assessment. A comparison of the biases in rainfall catchment between Pacific island tipping-bucket rain gauges and capacitance rain gauges mounted on moored buoys in the tropical Pacific is conducted using the relationship between the fractional time in rain and monthly rainfall. This study utilizes the widespread spatial homogeneity of this relationship in the tropics to assess the rain catchment of both types of gauges at given values for the fractional time in rain. The results indicate that the capacitance gauges are not statistically significantly biased relative to the island-based tipping-bucket gauges. In addition, given the relatively small error bounds about the bias estimates any real bias differences among all the tested gauges are likely to be quite small compared to monthly rainfall totals. Underestimates resulting from wind biases, which may be substantial, are not documented in this paper.
C1 [Morrissey, Mark L.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Diamond, Howard J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[McPhaden, Michael J.; Freitag, H. Paul] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Greene, J. Scott] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog & Environm Sustainabil, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Morrissey, ML (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
EM mmorriss@ou.edu
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA's Climate Observations & Monitoring
Program Grant [105-140500]
FX The authors would like thank Mr. Reginald White, Director of the Majuro,
U. S. NWS WSO for providing important information on the tipping-bucket
gauge located in Majuro. The tropical moored buoy arrays, as well as the
work of MJM and HPF, are supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office.
This work was funded by NOAA's Climate Observations & Monitoring Program
Grant 105-140500.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 6
BP 834
EP 845
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00171.1
PG 12
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 958WQ
UT WOS:000305272100006
ER
PT J
AU Popp, JR
Roberts, JJ
Gallagher, DV
Anseth, KS
Bryant, SJ
Quinn, TP
AF Popp, Jenni R.
Roberts, Justine J.
Gallagher, Doug V.
Anseth, Kristi S.
Bryant, Stephanie J.
Quinn, Timothy P.
TI An Instrumented Bioreactor for Mechanical Stimulation and Real-Time,
Nondestructive Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage Tissue
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
DE ultrasound; glycosaminoglycan; compression; tissue engineering
ID BOVINE ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; IN-VITRO; ULTRASOUND INDENTATION;
COMPRESSIVE STRAINS; PEG HYDROGELS; DEGRADATION; AGAROSE; QUANTITATION;
ATTENUATION; METABOLISM
AB Mechanical stimulation is essential for chondrocyte metabolism and cartilage matrix deposition. Traditional methods for evaluating developing tissue in vitro are destructive, time consuming, and expensive. Nondestructive evaluation of engineered tissue is promising for the development of replacement tissues. Here we present a novel instrumented bioreactor for dynamic mechanical stimulation and nondestructive evaluation of tissue mechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) content. The bioreactor is instrumented with a video microscope and load cells in each well to measure tissue stiffness and an ultrasonic transducer for evaluating ECM content. Chondrocyte-laden hydrogel constructs were placed in the bioreactor and subjected to dynamic intermittent compression at 1 Hz and 10% strain for 1 h, twice per day for 7 days. Compressive modulus of the constructs, measured online in the bioreactor and offline on a mechanical testing machine, did not significantly change over time. Deposition of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) increased significantly after 7 days, independent of loading. Furthermore, the relative reflection amplitude of the loaded constructs decreased significantly after 7 days, consistent with an increase in sGAG content. This preliminary work with our novel bioreactor demonstrates its capabilities for dynamic culture and nondestructive evaluation. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4006546]
C1 [Popp, Jenni R.; Gallagher, Doug V.; Quinn, Timothy P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Roberts, Justine J.; Anseth, Kristi S.; Bryant, Stephanie J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Popp, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jenni.popp@nist.gov
NR 36
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 16
PU ASME
PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 1932-6181
J9 J MED DEVICES
JI J. Med. Devices
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 6
IS 2
AR UNSP 021006
DI 10.1115/1.4006546
PG 7
WC Engineering, Biomedical
SC Engineering
GA 958VZ
UT WOS:000305270300006
ER
PT J
AU Feifel, KM
Moore, SK
Horner, RA
AF Feifel, Kirsten M.
Moore, Stephanie K.
Horner, Rita A.
TI An Alexandrium Spp. Cyst Record from Sequim Bay, Washington State, USA,
and its Relation to Past Climate Variability
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alexandrium; climate change; dinoflagellate cysts; Puget Sound; sea
surface temperature; Sequim Bay
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH;
PUGET-SOUND; RESTING CYSTS; DINOPHYCEAE; SEDIMENTS; TOXINS;
ACCUMULATION; CATENELLA
AB Since the 1970s, Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, has experienced an increase in detections of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish due to blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium. Natural patterns of climate variability, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and changes in local environmental factors, such as sea surface temperature (SST) and air temperature, have been linked to the observed increase in PSTs. However, the lack of observations of PSTs in shellfish prior to the 1950s has inhibited statistical assessments of longer-term trends in climate and environmental conditions on Alexandrium blooms. After a bloom, Alexandrium cells can enter a dormant cyst stage, which settles on the seafloor and then becomes entrained into the sedimentary record. In this study, we created a record of Alexandrium spp. cysts from a sediment core obtained from Sequim Bay, Puget Sound. Cyst abundances ranged from 0 to 400 cysts . cm-3 and were detected down-core to a depth of 100 cm, indicating that Alexandrium has been present in Sequim Bay since at least the late 1800s. The cyst record allowed us to statistically examine relationships with available environmental parameters over the past century. Local air temperature and sea surface temperature were positively and significantly correlated with cyst abundances from the late 1800s to 2005; no significant relationship was found between PDO and cyst abundances. This finding suggests that local environmental variations more strongly influence Alexandrium population dynamics in Puget Sound when compared to large-scale changes.
C1 [Feifel, Kirsten M.; Horner, Rita A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Feifel, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM kfei04@uw.edu
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NOS4780273]; West
Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the NOAA Oceans and
Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH [39]
FX This research project was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Coastal Ocean Program under award number #NA04NOS4780273
to the University of Washington. We thank the crew of the R/V Thomas G.
Thompson for helping to collect the piston core, J. Postel for helping
to section the core, J. Masura for helping with cyst identification, C.
Nittrouer for the use of his lab for 210Pb analysis, N. Adams
for his cartography skills, and N. Mantua for advice on climate data and
the geoduck clam data set. Shellfish toxicity data are used courtesy of
the Washington State Department of Health. This publication was also
supported in part by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health
as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH
publication no. 39. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries
Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. This
is ECOHAB publication 320.
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 3
BP 550
EP 558
DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01175.x
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 952RP
UT WOS:000304810200006
PM 27011070
ER
PT J
AU Bouchet, F
Venaille, A
AF Bouchet, Freddy
Venaille, Antoine
TI Statistical mechanics of two-dimensional and geophysical flows
SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Review
DE 2D Euler equations; Large scales of turbulent flows; 2D turbulence;
Quasi-geostrophic equations; Geophysical turbulence; Statistical
mechanics; Long range interactions; Kinetic theory; Jupiter's
troposphere; Great Red Spot; Ocean jets; Ocean rings
ID GREAT RED SPOT; 2D EULER-EQUATION; LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS; PERFECT
FLUID-DYNAMICS; NEGATIVE-TEMPERATURE STATES; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS;
GUIDING-CENTER PLASMA; LARGE-SCALE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY
AB The theoretical study of the self-organization of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulent flows is addressed based on statistical mechanics methods. This review is a self-contained presentation of classical and recent works on this subject; from the statistical mechanics basis of the theory up to applications to Jupiter's troposphere and ocean vortices and jets. Emphasize has been placed on examples with available analytical treatment in order to favor better understanding of the physics and dynamics.
After a brief presentation of the 2D Euler and quasi-geostrophic equations, the specificity of two-dimensional and geophysical turbulence is emphasized. The equilibrium microcanonical measure is built from the Liouville theorem. Important statistical mechanics concepts (large deviations and mean field approach) and thermodynamic concepts (ensemble inequivalence and negative heat capacity) are briefly explained and described.
On this theoretical basis, we predict the output of the long time evolution of complex turbulent flows as statistical equilibria. This is applied to make quantitative models of two-dimensional turbulence, the Great Red Spot and other Jovian vortices, ocean jets like the Gulf-Stream, and ocean vortices. A detailed comparison between these statistical equilibria and real flow observations is provided.
We also present recent results for non-equilibrium situations, for the studies of either the relaxation towards equilibrium or non-equilibrium steady states. In this last case, forces and dissipation are in a statistical balance; fluxes of conserved quantity characterize the system and microcanonical or other equilibrium measures no longer describe the system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Bouchet, Freddy] Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lab Phys Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, F-69364 Lyon 07, France.
[Venaille, Antoine] GFDL AOS Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Bouchet, F (reprint author), Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Lab Phys Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CNRS, 46 Allee Italie, F-69364 Lyon 07, France.
EM Freddy.Bouchet@ens-lyon.fr
FU ANR program STATFLOW [ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01]; ANR program STATOCEAN
[ANR-09-SYSC-014]
FX This work was supported through the ANR program STATFLOW
(ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01) and through the ANR program STATOCEAN
(ANR-09-SYSC-014).
NR 205
TC 69
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0370-1573
EI 1873-6270
J9 PHYS REP
JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 515
IS 5
BP 227
EP 295
DI 10.1016/j.physrep.2012.02.001
PG 69
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 960HF
UT WOS:000305377900001
ER
PT J
AU Gitelson, AA
Peng, Y
Masek, JG
Rundquist, DC
Verma, S
Suyker, A
Baker, JM
Hatfield, JL
Meyers, T
AF Gitelson, Anatoly A.
Peng, Yi
Masek, Jeffery G.
Rundquist, Donald C.
Verma, Shashi
Suyker, Andrew
Baker, John M.
Hatfield, Jerry L.
Meyers, Tilden
TI Remote estimation of crop gross primary production with Landsat data
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Gross primary production; Landsat; Chlorophyll content; Vegetation
index; Potential incident photosynthetically active radiation
ID CANOPY CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; LIGHT-USE-EFFICIENCY; LEAF-AREA INDEX;
RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; INTERANNUAL VARIATION;
VEGETATION INDEXES; TERRESTRIAL GROSS; MAIZE; CARBON
AB An accurate and synoptic quantification of gross primary production (GPP) in crops is essential for studies of carbon budgets at regional and global scales. In this study, we tested a model, relating crop GPP to a product of total canopy chlorophyll (Chl) content and potential incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR(potential)). The approach is based on remotely sensed data; specifically, vegetation indices (VI) that are proxies for total Chl content and PAR(potential), which is incident PAR under a condition of minimal atmospheric aerosol loading. Using VI retrieved from surface reflectance Landsat data, we found that the model is capable of accurately estimating GPP in maize, with coefficient of variation (CV) below 23%, and in soybean with CV below 30%. The algorithms established and calibrated over three Mead, Nebraska AmeriFlux sites were able to estimate maize and soybean GPP at tower flux sites in Minnesota, Iowa and Illinois with acceptable accuracy. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gitelson, Anatoly A.; Peng, Yi; Rundquist, Donald C.; Verma, Shashi; Suyker, Andrew] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Masek, Jeffery G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Baker, John M.] USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA.
[Meyers, Tilden] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Gitelson, AA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
EM agitelson2@unl.edu
RI Gitelson, Anatoly/G-3452-2012; Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; Meyers,
Tilden/C-6633-2016
FU NASA NACP [NNX08AI75G]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-00ER45827];
Office of Science (BER) [DE-FG03-00ER62996]; Center for Advanced Land
Management Information Technologies (CALMIT); University of
Nebraska-Lincoln
FX This research was supported by NASA NACP grant no. NNX08AI75G and
partially by the U.S. Department of Energy: (a) EPSCoR program, grant
no. DE-FG-02-00ER45827 and (b) Office of Science (BER), grant no.
DE-FG03-00ER62996. We sincerely appreciate the support and the use of
facilities and equipment provided by the Center for Advanced Land
Management Information Technologies (CALMIT) and Carbon Sequestration
Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
NR 63
TC 59
Z9 64
U1 6
U2 77
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 121
BP 404
EP 414
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.017
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 955WN
UT WOS:000305051700034
ER
PT J
AU Elban, WL
Howarter, JA
Richardson, MC
Stutzman, PE
Forster, AM
Nolte, AJ
Holmes, GA
AF Elban, Wayne L.
Howarter, John A.
Richardson, Mickey C.
Stutzman, Paul E.
Forster, Aaron M.
Nolte, Adam J.
Holmes, Gale A.
TI Influence of solvent washing on interlayer structure of alkylammonium
montmorillonites
SO APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanocomposite; Montmorillonite; Surfactant; Organo-clays
ID MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER
MELT INTERCALATION; EPOXY-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; CHARGE HOMOGENEITY;
THERMAL-STABILITY; SURFACE-TENSION; EXFOLIATION; MAGADIITE; HYBRID
AB Powdered samples of montmorillonite were functionalized with alkylammonium ions of various chain lengths and subjected to two different constant volume washing procedures: water only or sequential ethanol-water. The alkylammonium montmorillonites were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry to obtain insights into the effect of washing procedure. The ethanol-water procedure greatly reduced the amount of surfactant present that was not bound by cation exchange, and in some instances affected the crystallinity of the surfactant. Additionally, contact angle measurements on the compacted alkylammonium montmorillonites were obtained to assess the effect of functionalization and washing on the wettability of two common epoxides used in clay-epoxy nanocomposites. Regardless of surfactant treatment, the alkylammonium montmorillonites with ethanol-water washing exhibited lower contact angles for the epoxides, which is consistent with lower final surfactant content. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Elban, Wayne L.; Howarter, John A.; Richardson, Mickey C.; Nolte, Adam J.; Holmes, Gale A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stutzman, Paul E.; Forster, Aaron M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Elban, Wayne L.] Loyola Univ Maryland, Dept Engn, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA.
[Howarter, John A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Howarter, John A.] Purdue Univ, Div Environm & Ecol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Nolte, Adam J.] Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA.
RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gale.holmes@nist.gov
NR 43
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 41
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-1317
J9 APPL CLAY SCI
JI Appl. Clay Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 61
BP 29
EP 36
DI 10.1016/j.clay.2012.03.001
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Mineralogy
GA 953DA
UT WOS:000304845900005
ER
PT J
AU Schindler, DE
Carter, JL
Francis, TB
Lisi, PJ
Askey, PJ
Sebastian, DC
AF Schindler, Daniel E.
Carter, Jackie L.
Francis, Tessa B.
Lisi, Peter J.
Askey, Paul J.
Sebastian, Dale C.
TI Mysis in the Okanagan Lake food web: a time-series analysis of
interaction strengths in an invaded plankton community
SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mysis diluviana; MAR; Time-series analysis; Food web analysis; Plankton
community; Introduced species; Interaction strength
ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; ZOOPLANKTON; RELICTA; NITROGEN; CARBON; SHRIMP
AB Mysis introductions to the lakes of western North America have shown they are important predators on zooplankton, especially daphnids, and intercept energy flows that would otherwise be available to pelagic fishes. However, understanding of the ecological roles of Mysis within invaded communities following their establishment remains weak. We analyzed zooplankton and phytoplankton data collected from Okanagan Lake, British Columbia, within a time-series framework to evaluate the strength of ecological interactions between Mysis and the other dominant plankton. Top-down effects of Mysis in the plankton community were only detected on cyclopoid copepods and cyanophytes. Mysis dynamics were mostly driven by bottom-up effects from diatoms and from small cladocerans whose dynamics were driven primarily by the abundance of edible phytoplankton. This result supports the growing appreciation of the importance of omnivory in mysids and was consistent between the two main basins of the lake. We also analyzed published stable C and N isotope data from the plankton of Okanagan Lake with an isotope mixing model to estimate the relative importance of various potential energy sources to Mysis. This analysis supported the time-series results suggesting the importance of diatoms and small zooplankton to Mysis. However, the isotopes also suggested important resource flows from Daphnia to Mysis, an interaction not detected in the time-series analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that Mysis is a strong interactor in the Okanagan Lake food web, relying in part on energy flow through Daphnia. However, subsidies from diatoms likely decouple seasonal Mysis population dynamics from the seasonal population dynamics of Daphnia.
C1 [Schindler, Daniel E.; Carter, Jackie L.; Lisi, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Francis, Tessa B.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Res Council, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Askey, Paul J.] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Penticton, BC, Canada.
[Sebastian, Dale C.] British Columbia Minist Forests Lands & Nat Resou, Victoria, BC, Canada.
RP Schindler, DE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM deschind@uw.edu
RI Francis, Tessa/B-6965-2012
OI Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392
FU British Columbia Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation
FX This work was supported by the British Columbia Habitat Conservation
Trust Foundation. We thank Steve Viscidio for help in implementing the
MAR analyses.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 43
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-2588
J9 AQUAT ECOL
JI Aquat. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 2
BP 215
EP 227
DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9393-0
PG 13
WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 951AU
UT WOS:000304693800006
ER
PT J
AU Hoy, M
Boese, BL
Taylor, L
Reusser, D
Rodriguez, R
AF Hoy, Marshal
Boese, Bruce L.
Taylor, Louise
Reusser, Deborah
Rodriguez, Rusty
TI Salinity adaptation of the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus
antipodarum) in the Columbia River estuary (Pacific Northwest, USA):
physiological and molecular studies
SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gastropod; Invasive species; Columbia River; Salinity; Mitochondrial DNA
ID FRESH-WATER SNAIL; HYDROBIIDAE; TOXICITY; PARTHENOGENESIS; ACCLIMATION;
TOLERANCE; MOLLUSCA; SUCCESS; LAKES; GRAY
AB In this study, we examine salinity stress tolerances of two populations of the invasive species New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, one population from a high salinity environment in the Columbia River estuary and the other from a fresh water lake. In 1996, New Zealand mud snails were discovered in the tidal reaches of the Columbia River estuary that is routinely exposed to salinity at near full seawater concentrations. In contrast, in their native habitat and throughout its spread in the western US, New Zealand mud snails are found only in fresh water ecosystems. Our aim was to determine whether the Columbia River snails have become salt water adapted. Using a modification of the standard amphipod sediment toxicity test, salinity tolerance was tested using a range of concentrations up to undiluted seawater, and the snails were sampled for mortality at daily time points. Our results show that the Columbia River snails were more tolerant of acute salinity stress with the LC50 values averaging 38 and 22 Practical Salinity Units for the Columbia River and freshwater snails, respectively. DNA sequence analysis and morphological comparisons of individuals representing each population indicate that they were all P. antipodarum. These results suggest that this species is salt water adaptable and in addition, this investigation helps elucidate the potential of this aquatic invasive organism to adapt to adverse environmental conditions.
C1 [Hoy, Marshal; Rodriguez, Rusty] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Taylor, Louise] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Reusser, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Newport Duty Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Reusser, Deborah] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Rodriguez, Rusty] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Hoy, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM mhoy@usgs.gov
FU US Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by the US Geological Survey. The use of trade,
firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information
and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official
endorsement or approval by the US Department of Interior or the US
Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others
that may be suitable.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 6
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1386-2588
J9 AQUAT ECOL
JI Aquat. Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 2
BP 249
EP 260
DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9396-x
PG 12
WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 951AU
UT WOS:000304693800009
ER
PT J
AU Solazzo, E
Bianconi, R
Vautard, R
Appel, KW
Moran, MD
Hogrefe, C
Bessagnet, B
Brandt, J
Christensen, JH
Chemel, C
Coll, I
van der Gon, HD
Ferreira, J
Forkel, R
Francis, XV
Grell, G
Grossi, P
Hansen, AB
Jericevic, A
Kraljevic, L
Miranda, AI
Nopmongcol, U
Pirovano, G
Prank, M
Riccio, A
Sartelet, KN
Schaap, M
Silver, JD
Sokhi, RS
Vira, J
Werhahn, J
Wolke, R
Yarwood, G
Zhang, JH
Rao, ST
Galmarini, S
AF Solazzo, Efisio
Bianconi, Roberto
Vautard, Robert
Appel, K. Wyat
Moran, Michael D.
Hogrefe, Christian
Bessagnet, Bertrand
Brandt, Jorgen
Christensen, Jesper H.
Chemel, Charles
Coll, Isabelle
van der Gon, Hugo Denier
Ferreira, Joana
Forkel, Renate
Francis, Xavier V.
Grell, George
Grossi, Paola
Hansen, Ayoe B.
Jericevic, Amela
Kraljevic, Luksa
Miranda, Ana Isabel
Nopmongcol, Uarporn
Pirovano, Guido
Prank, Marje
Riccio, Angelo
Sartelet, Karine N.
Schaap, Martijn
Silver, Jeremy D.
Sokhi, Ranjeet S.
Vira, Julius
Werhahn, Johannes
Wolke, Ralf
Yarwood, Greg
Zhang, Junhua
Rao, S. Trivikrama
Galmarini, Stefano
TI Model evaluation and ensemble modelling of surface-level ozone in Europe
and North America in the context of AQMEII
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE AQMEII; Clustering; Error minimization; Multi-model ensemble; Ozone;
Model evaluation
ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE AQMEII; UNITED-STATES;
BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; WESTERN-EUROPE; DISPERSION; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS;
SCALE; RADIONUCLIDES
AB More than ten state-of-the-art regional air quality models have been applied as part of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). These models were run by twenty independent groups in Europe and North America. Standardised modelling outputs over a full year (2006) from each group have been shared on the web-distributed ENSEMBLE system, which allows for statistical and ensemble analyses to be performed by each group. The estimated ground-level ozone mixing ratios from the models are collectively examined in an ensemble fashion and evaluated against a large set of observations from both continents. The scale of the exercise is unprecedented and offers a unique opportunity to investigate methodologies for generating skilful ensembles of regional air quality models outputs. Despite the remarkable progress of ensemble air quality modelling over the past decade, there are still outstanding questions regarding this technique. Among them, what is the best and most beneficial way to build an ensemble of members? And how should the optimum size of the ensemble be determined in order to capture data variability as well as keeping the error low? These questions are addressed here by looking at optimal ensemble size and quality of the members. The analysis carried out is based on systematic minimization of the model error and is important for performing diagnostic/probabilistic model evaluation. It is shown that the most commonly used multi-model approach, namely the average over all available members, can be outperformed by subsets of members optimally selected in terms of bias, error, and correlation. More importantly, this result does not strictly depend on the skill of the individual members, but may require the inclusion of low-ranking skill-score members. A clustering methodology is applied to discern among members and to build a skilful ensemble based on model association and data clustering, which makes no use of priori knowledge of model skill. Results show that, while the methodology needs further refinement, by optimally selecting the cluster distance and association criteria, this approach can be useful for model applications beyond those strictly related to model evaluation, such as air quality forecasting. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Solazzo, Efisio; Galmarini, Stefano] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
[Bianconi, Roberto; Grossi, Paola] Enviroware Srl, Concorezzo, MB, Italy.
[Vautard, Robert] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE Lab, Paris, France.
[Nopmongcol, Uarporn; Yarwood, Greg] Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA USA.
[Sartelet, Karine N.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, Paris, France.
[Bessagnet, Bertrand; Pirovano, Guido] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France.
[Pirovano, Guido] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy.
[Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal.
[Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal.
[Appel, K. Wyat; Hogrefe, Christian; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modelling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
[Chemel, Charles] Univ Hertfordshire, NCAS, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
[Chemel, Charles; Francis, Xavier V.; Sokhi, Ranjeet S.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
[Wolke, Ralf] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Moran, Michael D.; Zhang, Junhua] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR 7583, IPSL LISA, Paris, France.
[Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
[Brandt, Jorgen; Christensen, Jesper H.; Hansen, Ayoe B.; Silver, Jeremy D.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[Jericevic, Amela; Kraljevic, Luksa] Meteorol & Hydrol Serv, Zagreb, Croatia.
[Grell, George] NOAA, CIRES, ESRL, GSD, Boulder, CO USA.
[Prank, Marje; Vira, Julius] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[van der Gon, Hugo Denier; Schaap, Martijn] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Riccio, Angelo] Univ Naples Parthenope, Dept Appl Sci, Naples, Italy.
RP Solazzo, E (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
EM efisio.solazzo@jrc.ec.europa.eu
RI Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; Ferreira, Joana/A-8277-2012; Christensen,
Jesper /E-9524-2011; Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Forkel,
Renate/A-8743-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Riccio,
Angelo/F-7795-2012; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; CESAM,
UA/M-3762-2015
OI solazzo, efisio/0000-0002-6333-1101; Ferreira,
Joana/0000-0002-9438-4185; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839;
Miranda, Ana/0000-0001-5807-5820; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X;
Silver, Jeremy David/0000-0003-1502-6249; grell,
georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Riccio, Angelo/0000-0001-7775-5565;
Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681;
FU Danish Strategic Research Program [2104-06-0027 (CEEH)]
FX The work carried out with the DEHM model was supported by The Danish
Strategic Research Program under contract no 2104-06-0027 (CEEH).
Homepage: www.ceeh.dk.
NR 56
TC 79
Z9 79
U1 2
U2 31
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 53
SI SI
BP 60
EP 74
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.003
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953CZ
UT WOS:000304845800006
ER
PT J
AU Solazzo, E
Bianconi, R
Pirovano, G
Matthias, V
Vautard, R
Moran, MD
Appel, KW
Bessagnet, B
Brandt, J
Christensen, JH
Chemel, C
Coll, I
Ferreira, J
Forkel, R
Francis, XV
Grell, G
Grossi, P
Hansen, AB
Miranda, AI
Nopmongcol, U
Prank, M
Sartelet, KN
Schaap, M
Silver, JD
Sokhi, RS
Vira, J
Werhahn, J
Wolke, R
Yarwood, G
Zhang, JH
Rao, ST
Galmarini, S
AF Solazzo, Efisio
Bianconi, Roberto
Pirovano, Guido
Matthias, Volker
Vautard, Robert
Moran, Michael D.
Appel, K. Wyat
Bessagnet, Bertrand
Brandt, Jorgen
Christensen, Jesper H.
Chemel, Charles
Coll, Isabelle
Ferreira, Joana
Forkel, Renate
Francis, Xavier V.
Grell, Georg
Grossi, Paola
Hansen, Ayoe B.
Miranda, Ana Isabel
Nopmongcol, Uarporn
Prank, Marje
Sartelet, Karine N.
Schaap, Martijn
Silver, Jeremy D.
Sokhi, Ranjeet S.
Vira, Julius
Werhahn, Johannes
Wolke, Ralf
Yarwood, Greg
Zhang, Junhua
Rao, S. Trivikrama
Galmarini, Stefano
TI Operational model evaluation for particulate matter in Europe and North
America in the context of AQMEII
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE AQMEII; Regional air quality model; Particulate matter; Model
evaluation; PM2.5 speciation
ID QUALITY CMAQ MODEL; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY;
UNITED-STATES; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; SYSTEM;
PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; ENSEMBLE
AB Ten state-of-the-science regional air quality (AQ) modeling systems have been applied to continental-scale domains in North America and Europe for full-year simulations of 2006 in the context of Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII), whose main goals are model intercomparison and evaluation. Standardised modeling outputs from each group have been shared on the web-distributed ENSEMBLE system, which allows statistical and ensemble analyses to be performed. In this study, the one-year model simulations are inter-compared and evaluated with a large set of observations for ground-level particulate matter (PK10 and PM2.5) and its chemical components. Modeled concentrations of gaseous PM precursors, SO2 and NO2, have also been evaluated against observational data for both continents. Furthermore, modeled deposition (dry and wet) and emissions of several species relevant to PM are also inter-compared. The unprecedented scale of the exercise (two continents, one full year, fifteen modeling groups) allows for a detailed description of AQ model skill and uncertainty with respect to PM.
Analyses of PM10 yearly time series and mean diurnal cycle show a large underestimation throughout the year for the AQ models included in AQMEII. The possible causes of PM bias, including errors in the emissions and meteorological inputs (e.g., wind speed and precipitation), and the calculated deposition are investigated. Further analysis of the coarse PM components, PM2.5 and its major components (SO4, NH4, NO3, elemental carbon), have also been performed, and the model performance for each component evaluated against measurements. Finally, the ability of the models to capture high PM concentrations has been evaluated by examining two separate PM2.5 episodes in Europe and North America. A large variability among models in predicting emissions, deposition, and concentration of PM and its precursors during the episodes has been found. Major challenges still remain with regards to identifying and eliminating the sources of PM bias in the models. Although PM2.5 was found to be much better estimated by the models than PM10, no model was found to consistently match the observations for all locations throughout the entire year. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Solazzo, Efisio; Galmarini, Stefano] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
[Bianconi, Roberto; Grossi, Paola] Enviroware Srl, Concorezzo, MB, Italy.
[Vautard, Robert] CEA CNRS UVSQ, IPSL LSCE Lab, Paris, France.
[Nopmongcol, Uarporn; Yarwood, Greg] Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA USA.
[Sartelet, Karine N.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, Paris, France.
[Pirovano, Guido; Bessagnet, Bertrand] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, INERIS, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France.
[Pirovano, Guido] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy.
[Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, CESAM, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal.
[Ferreira, Joana; Miranda, Ana Isabel] Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, P-3800 Aveiro, Portugal.
[Appel, K. Wyat; Rao, S. Trivikrama] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
[Forkel, Renate; Werhahn, Johannes] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Chemel, Charles] Univ Hertfordshire, NCAS, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
[Chemel, Charles; Francis, Xavier V.; Sokhi, Ranjeet S.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
[Wolke, Ralf] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Moran, Michael D.; Zhang, Junhua] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, UMR 7583, IPSL LISA, Paris, France.
[Coll, Isabelle] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
[Brandt, Jorgen; Christensen, Jesper H.; Hansen, Ayoe B.; Silver, Jeremy D.] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[Matthias, Volker] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany.
[Grell, Georg] NOAA, ESRL, GSD, Boulder, CO USA.
[Prank, Marje; Vira, Julius] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Schaap, Martijn] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands.
RP Solazzo, E (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy.
EM efisio.solazzo@jrc.ec.europa.eu
RI Ferreira, Joana/A-8277-2012; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Brandt,
Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; Garmisch-Pa,
Ifu/H-9902-2014; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015;
Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; grell,
georg/B-6234-2015;
OI Ferreira, Joana/0000-0002-9438-4185; Christensen, Jesper
/0000-0002-6741-5839; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Bessagnet,
Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Miranda, Ana/0000-0001-5807-5820; Silver,
Jeremy David/0000-0003-1502-6249; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742;
solazzo, efisio/0000-0002-6333-1101
FU Danish Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy [2104-06-0027
(CEEH)]; RSE; Italian Ministry of Economic Development
FX The work carried out with the DEHM model was supported by The Danish
Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy under contract no
2104-06-0027 (CEEH). Homepage: www.ceeh.dk. The RSE contribution to this
work has been partially financed by the Research Fund for the Italian
Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE and the
Italian Ministry of Economic Development (Decree of March 19th, 2009).
NR 91
TC 74
Z9 78
U1 5
U2 44
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 53
SI SI
BP 75
EP 92
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.045
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953CZ
UT WOS:000304845800007
ER
PT J
AU Forkel, R
Werhahn, J
Hansen, AB
McKeen, S
Peckham, S
Grell, G
Suppan, P
AF Forkel, Renate
Werhahn, Johannes
Hansen, Ayoe Buus
McKeen, Stuart
Peckham, Steven
Grell, Georg
Suppan, Peter
TI Effect of aerosol-radiation feedback on regional air quality - A case
study with WRF/Chem
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE WRF/Chem; Online coupled model; Feedback; Aerosol; Semi-direct effect;
Indirect effect
ID NORTH-AMERICA; WRF-CHEM; MODEL EVALUATION; GOCART MODEL; IMPACT;
CHEMISTRY; EUROPE; AQMEII; SYSTEM; SCALE
AB Numerical simulations were performed in order to investigate the impact of the direct effect of aerosol particles on radiation and the indirect aerosol effect on meteorological variables and subsequent distributions of near surface ozone and PM10 over Europe. The fully coupled meteorology-chemistry community model WRF/Chem has been applied for June and July 2006 for a baseline case without any aerosol feedback on meteorology, a simulation with the direct effect included, and a simulation including the direct as well as the indirect aerosol effect. The impact of the subsequent changes in temperature, boundary layer height, and clouds that were triggered by the direct effect of aerosol on radiation ("semi-direct effect") was found to dominate the direct effect of aerosol particles on solar radiation. Over Central Europe the mean reduction of global radiation alone was mostly 3-7 W m(-2), but changes in cloud cover due to semi-direct effects resulted in monthly mean changes between +/-50 W m(-2). The inclusion of the indirect aerosol effect resulted in a pronounced decrease of cloud water content by up to 70% and a significantly higher mean rain water content over the North Atlantic. Although generally plausible, the effect appears to be too strong due to too low simulated aerosol particle numbers in this area. Regional changes in precipitation between -100% and 100% were simulated over the European continent. For the simulation including only the direct aerosol effect these changes are almost entirely due to semi-direct effects. Mean ozone mixing ratios over Europe in July were modified by up to 4 ppb or 10% over continental Europe, mostly related to changes in cloud cover. For PM10 the inclusion of the direct effect resulted for the considered episode in a mean decrease by 20-50% due to an increased atmospheric boundary layer height except for the regions with high PM10 concentrations. When the indirect aerosol effect was additionally taken into account an increase of the monthly PM10 concentration by 1-3 mu g M-3 was found for July 2006 over large parts of continental Europe. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Forkel, Renate; Werhahn, Johannes; Suppan, Peter] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
[Hansen, Ayoe Buus] Aarhus Univ, Dept Atmospher Environm, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[McKeen, Stuart; Peckham, Steven; Grell, Georg] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Forkel, R (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, IMK IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany.
EM renate.forkel@kit.edu
RI Suppan, Peter/A-7178-2013; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; McKeen,
Stuart/H-9516-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; grell,
georg/B-6234-2015
OI Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742
FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF); Danish
Strategic Research Program on Sustainable Energy [2104-06-0027]
FX The present study was partly financed by the German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research (BMBF) and by the Danish Strategic Research
Program on Sustainable Energy under contract no 2104-06-0027.
NR 29
TC 42
Z9 45
U1 5
U2 62
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 53
SI SI
BP 202
EP 211
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.009
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953CZ
UT WOS:000304845800015
ER
PT J
AU Clarke, ML
Lee, JY
Samarov, DV
Allen, DW
Litorja, M
Nossal, R
Hwang, J
AF Clarke, Matthew L.
Lee, Ji Youn
Samarov, Daniel V.
Allen, David W.
Litorja, Maritoni
Nossal, Ralph
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Designing microarray phantoms for hyperspectral imaging validation
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN-SATURATION; ABSORPTION
AB The design and fabrication of custom-tailored microarrays for use as phantoms in the characterization of hyperspectral imaging systems is described. Corresponding analysis methods for biologically relevant samples are also discussed. An image-based phantom design was used to program a microarrayer robot to print prescribed mixtures of dyes onto microscope slides. The resulting arrays were imaged by a hyperspectral imaging microscope. The shape of the spots results in significant scattering signals, which can be used to test image analysis algorithms. Separation of the scattering signals allowed elucidation of individual dye spectra. In addition, spectral fitting of the absorbance spectra of complex dye mixtures was performed in order to determine local dye concentrations. Such microarray phantoms provide a robust testing platform for comparisons of hyperspectral imaging acquisition and analysis methods. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Clarke, Matthew L.; Lee, Ji Youn; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Nossal, Ralph] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Clarke, ML (reprint author), Natl Gallery Art, Washington, DC 20565 USA.
EM jeeseong.hwang@nist.gov
FU NIST; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development, NIH
FX This research was supported by the NIST Innovative Measurement Science
Program on optical medical imaging. Dr. Ralph Nossal was supported by
intramural funds of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, NIH.
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1291
EP 1299
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 954RY
UT WOS:000304965700014
PM 22741076
ER
PT J
AU Samarov, DV
Clarke, ML
Lee, JY
Allen, DW
Litorja, M
Hwang, J
AF Samarov, Daniel V.
Clarke, Matthew L.
Lee, Ji Youn
Allen, David W.
Litorja, Maritoni
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Algorithm validation using multicolor phantoms
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID REGRESSION; SELECTION; SYSTEM
AB We present a framework for hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis validation, specifically abundance fraction estimation based on HSI measurements of water soluble dye mixtures printed on microarray chips. In our work we focus on the performance of two algorithms, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and the Spatial LASSO (SPLASSO). The LASSO is a well known statistical method for simultaneously performing model estimation and variable selection. In the context of estimating abundance fractions in a HSI scene, the "sparse" representations provided by the LASSO are appropriate as not every pixel will be expected to contain every endmember. The SPLASSO is a novel approach we introduce here for HSI analysis which takes the framework of the LASSO algorithm a step further and incorporates the rich spatial information which is available in HSI to further improve the estimates of abundance. In our work here we introduce the dye mixture platform as a new benchmark data set for hyperspectral biomedical image processing and show our algorithm's improvement over the standard LASSO. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Clarke, Matthew L.; Lee, Ji Youn; Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Mol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Samarov, DV (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.samarov@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Antonio Possolo, Eric Shirley, and
Kimberly Briggman for useful discussions and support. This work was
supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Innovative Measurement Program on optical medical imaging.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1300
EP 1311
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 954RY
UT WOS:000304965700015
PM 22741077
ER
PT J
AU Kang, H
Clarke, ML
Lacerda, SHD
Karim, A
Pease, LF
Hwang, J
AF Kang, HyeongGon
Clarke, Matthew L.
Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli
Karim, Alamgir
Pease, Leonard F., III
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Multimodal optical studies of single and clustered colloidal quantum
dots for the long-term optical property evaluation of quantum dot-based
molecular imaging phantoms
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID DYNAMIC FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS;
SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; CELLS; CDSE; TIME
AB Understanding the optical properties of clustered quantum dots (QDs) is essential to the design of QD-based optical phantoms for molecular imaging. Single and clustered core/shell colloidal QDs of dimers, trimers, and tetramers are self-assembled, separated, and preferentially collected using electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) with electrostatic deposition. Multimodal optical characterization and analysis of their dynamical photoluminescence (PL) properties enables the long-term evaluation of the physicochemical and optical properties of QDs in a single or a clustered state. A multimodal time-correlated spectroscopic confocal microscope capable of simultaneously measuring the time evolution of PL intensity fluctuation, PL lifetime, and emission spectra reveals the long-term dynamic optical properties of interacting QDs in individual dimeric clusters of QDs. This new method will benefit research into the quantitative interpretation of fluorescence intensity and lifetime results in QD-based molecular imaging techniques. The process of photooxidation leads to coupling of the QDs in a dimer, leading to unique optical properties when compared to an isolated QD. These results guide the design and evaluation of QD-based phantom materials for the validation of the PL measurements for quantitative molecular imaging of biological samples labeled with QD probes. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Kang, HyeongGon; Clarke, Matthew L.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Kang, H (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jch@nist.gov
FU NIST; Chemical Engineering Department
FX Authors thank Drs. Garnett Bryant, Jack Douglas, Rajasekhar Anumolu for
helpful discussions. J. H. was supported by the NIST Innovative
Measurement Science program on optical medical imaging and L. P. was
supported by startup funds from the Chemical Engineering Department.
Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified
in this manuscript are to foster understanding. Such identification does
not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or
equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
The findings and conclusions in this article have not been formally
disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be
construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 22
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1312
EP 1325
PG 14
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 954RY
UT WOS:000304965700016
PM 22741078
ER
PT J
AU Chang, RC
Johnson, P
Stafford, CM
Hwang, J
AF Chang, Robert C.
Johnson, Peter
Stafford, Christopher M.
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Fabrication and characterization of a multilayered optical tissue model
with embedded scattering microspheres in polymeric materials
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
AB We report on a novel fabrication approach to build multilayered optical tissue phantoms that serve as independently validated test targets for axial resolution and contrast in scattering measurements by depth-resolving optical coherent tomography (OCT) with general applicability to a variety of three-dimensional optical sectioning platforms. We implement a combinatorial bottom-up approach to prepare monolayers of light-scattering microspheres with interspersed layers of transparent polymer. A dense monolayer assembly of monodispersed microspheres is achieved via a combined methodology of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for particle-substrate binding and convective particle flux for two-dimensional crystal array formation on a glass substrate. Modifications of key parameters in the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition approach are applied to optimize particle monolayer transfer from a glass substrate into an elastomer while preserving the relative axial positioning in the particle monolayer. Varying the dimensions of the scattering microspheres and the thickness of the intervening transparent polymer layers enables different spatial frequencies to be realized in the transverse dimension of the solid phantoms. Step-wise determination of the phantom dimensions is performed independently of the optical system under test to enable precise spatial calibration, independent validation, and quantitative dimensional measurements. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Chang, Robert C.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Johnson, Peter; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chang, RC (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jch@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; NRC
FX We thank Drs. Eric Shirley and Kimberly Briggman for helpful discussions
and support. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. John Lesoine for his
help with OCT image analysis. This project is supported by National
Institute of Standards and Technology Innovative Measurement Science
program on optical medical imaging. R.C.C. and P J. were supported by an
NRC Research Associateship. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not
subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials
are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental
details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor
does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1326
EP 1339
PG 14
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 954RY
UT WOS:000304965700017
PM 22741079
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, J
Ramella-Roman, JC
Nordstrom, R
AF Hwang, Jeeseong
Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.
Nordstrom, Robert
TI Introduction: Feature Issue on Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation
and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; LIGHT DOSIMETRY; CONTRAST
AGENTS; TURBID MEDIA; TISSUES; BRAIN; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; IMAGES
AB The editors introduce the Biomedical Optics Express feature issue on "Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices." This topic was the focus of a technical workshop that was held on November 7-8, 2011, in Washington, D.C. The feature issue includes 13 contributions from workshop attendees. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ramella-Roman, Jessica C.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biomed Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
[Nordstrom, Robert] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nordstrr@mail.nih.gov
NR 48
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1399
EP 1403
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 954RY
UT WOS:000304965700022
PM 22741084
ER
PT J
AU Xu, RX
Allen, DW
Huang, JW
Gnyawali, S
Melvin, J
Elgharably, H
Gordillo, G
Huang, K
Bergdall, V
Litorja, M
Rice, JP
Hwang, J
Sen, CK
AF Xu, Ronald X.
Allen, David W.
Huang, Jiwei
Gnyawali, Surya
Melvin, James
Elgharably, Haytham
Gordillo, Gayle
Huang, Kun
Bergdall, Valerie
Litorja, Maritoni
Rice, Joseph P.
Hwang, Jeeseong
Sen, Chandan K.
TI Developing digital tissue phantoms for hyperspectral imaging of ischemic
wounds
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; SKIN WOUNDS; REFLECTANCE; OXYGEN
AB Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to achieve high spatial resolution and high functional sensitivity for non-invasive assessment of tissue oxygenation. However, clinical acceptance of hyperspectral imaging in ischemic wound assessment is hampered by its poor reproducibility, low accuracy, and misinterpreted biology. These limitations are partially caused by the lack of a traceable calibration standard. We proposed a digital tissue phantom (DTP) platform for quantitative calibration and performance evaluation of spectral wound imaging devices. The technical feasibility of such a DTP platform was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro DTPs were developed based on a liquid blood phantom model. The in vivo DTPs were developed based on a porcine ischemic skin flap model. The DTPs were projected by a Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) with high fidelity. A wide-gap 2nd derivative oxygenation algorithm was developed to reconstruct tissue functional parameters from hyperspectral measurements. In this study, we have demonstrated not only the technical feasibility of using DTPs for quantitative calibration, evaluation, and optimization of spectral imaging devices but also its potential for ischemic wound assessment in clinical practice. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Xu, Ronald X.; Huang, Jiwei; Melvin, James] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Gnyawali, Surya; Elgharably, Haytham; Gordillo, Gayle; Sen, Chandan K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Huang, Kun] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Bergdall, Valerie] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni; Rice, Joseph P.; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, RX (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM xu.202@osu.edu
RI Gordillo, Gayle/E-3136-2011; Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013; Huang,
Kun/E-3272-2011
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB10D184]; U.S. Army
Medical Research Acquisition Act [W81XWH-11-20142]; National Institutes
of Health [GM077185, GM069589, CA159077]; NIST
FX This project is sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (60NANB10D184), the U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition
Act (W81XWH-11-20142), and the National Institutes of Health (GM077185,
GM069589, and CA159077). We thank Drs. Eric Shirley and Kimberly
Briggman at NIST for helpful discussions and support. The authors are
also grateful for the helpful inputs from Dr. Roy Sashwati at OSU
Department of Surgery and the technical assistance from Joseph Agoston
and Thoma Shives (OSU Circulation Technology Division), Joseph Ewing
(OSU Mechanical Engineering), as well as Jennifer Dickerson, Lori
Mattox, and Jeannie Green (OSU ULAR). D. A., M. L., and J. H. were
supported by NIST Innovative Measurement Science program on optical
medical imaging. References are made to certain commercially available
products in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedures
involved. Such identification does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor
does it imply that these products are the best for the purpose
specified.
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 6
BP 1433
EP 1445
PG 13
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 954RY
UT WOS:000304965700026
PM 22741088
ER
PT J
AU Babushok, VI
Andriamaharavo, NR
AF Babushok, V. I.
Andriamaharavo, N. R.
TI Use of Large Retention Index Database for Filtering of GC-MS False
Positive Identifications of Compounds
SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Kovats indices; Retention
indices; Linear retention indices; Identification; Data filtering;
Ylang-ylang essential oil
ID ODORATA HOOK-FIL; YLANG-YLANG OIL; FORMA-GENUINA; RELIABLE
IDENTIFICATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; ET-THOMSON;
COMPONENTS; PROFILES; LIBRARY
AB The use of the large retention index database for identification and filtering of false positive hits in GC-MS analysis of the ylang-ylang essential oil is illustrated. Differences between experimental retention indices and database values of retention indices of candidate compounds provide additional constraints on the list of candidates for a target compound. Over 100 components of ylang-ylang essential oil (total grade) were identified. The main components, with concentrations more than 4 %, are beta-caryophyllene, germacrene D, benzyl benzoate, linalool, geranyl acetate, alpha-(E,E)-farnesene and isobornyl acetate.
C1 [Babushok, V. I.; Andriamaharavo, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vbabushok@nist.gov
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 29
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0009-5893
J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA
JI Chromatographia
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 75
IS 11-12
BP 685
EP 692
DI 10.1007/s10337-012-2231-7
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 949DV
UT WOS:000304557300014
ER
PT J
AU Wang, JD
Wang, WQ
Fu, XH
Seo, KH
AF Wang, Jiande
Wang, Wanqiu
Fu, Xiouhua
Seo, Kyong-Hwan
TI Tropical intraseasonal rainfall variability in the CFSR
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; CUMULUS
PARAMETERIZATION; MJO; MODELS; CONVECTION; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSES;
PREDICTABILITY; RESOLUTION
AB While large-scale circulation fields from atmospheric reanalyses have been widely used to study the tropical intraseasonal variability, rainfall variations from the reanalyses are less focused. Because of the sparseness of in situ observations available in the tropics and strong coupling between convection and large-scale circulation, the accuracy of tropical rainfall from the reanalyses not only measures the quality of reanalysis rainfall but is also to some extent indicative of the accuracy of the circulations fields. This study analyzes tropical intraseasonal rainfall variability in the recently completed NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and its comparison with the widely used NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (R1) and NCEP/DOE reanalysis (R2). The R1 produces too weak rainfall variability while the R2 generates too strong westward propagation. Compared with the R1 and R2, the CFSR produces greatly improved tropical intraseasonal rainfall variability with the dominance of eastward propagation and more realistic amplitude. An analysis of the relationship between rainfall and large-scale fields using composites based on Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events shows that, in all three NCEP reanalyses, the moisture convergence leading the rainfall maximum is near the surface in the western Pacific but is above 925 hPa in the eastern Indian Ocean. However, the CFSR produces the strongest large-scale convergence and the rainfall from CFSR lags the column integrated precipitable water by 1 or 2 days while R1 and R2 rainfall tends to lead the respective precipitable water. Diabatic heating related to the MJO variability in the CFSR is analyzed and compared with that derived from large-scale fields. It is found that the amplitude of CFSR-produced total heating anomalies is smaller than that of the derived. Rainfall variability from the other two recently produced reanalyses, the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERAI), and the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), is also analyzed. It is shown that both the ERAI and MERRA generate stronger rainfall spectra than the R1 and more realistic dominance of eastward propagating variance than R2. The intraseasonal variability in the MERRA is stronger than that in the ERAI but weaker than that in the CFSR and CMORPH.
C1 [Wang, Jiande] NOAA NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA NCEP CPC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Fu, Xiouhua] Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Seo, Kyong-Hwan] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea.
RP Wang, JD (reprint author), NOAA NCEP EMC, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA.
EM jiande.wang@noaa.gov
FU JAMSTEC; NOAA; NASA through IPRC; Korea Meteorological Administration
[CATER 2007-4208]
FX Leigh Zhang helped offload and prepare MERRA data. We greatly appreciate
the constructive internal reviews by Huug van den Dool and FangLin Yang.
XH Fu is supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA, and NASA through the IPRC, whose
contribution is as IPRC No. 780 and SOEST No. 8143. KH Seo was funded by
the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program
under Grant CATER 2007-4208.
NR 46
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 11-12
BP 2191
EP 2207
DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1087-0
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 951BS
UT WOS:000304696300004
ER
PT J
AU Shu, Q
Qiao, FL
Song, ZY
Wang, CZ
AF Shu, Qi
Qiao, Fangli
Song, Zhenya
Wang, Chunzai
TI Sea ice trends in the Antarctic and their relationship to surface air
temperature during 1979-2009
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Surface air temperature (SAT) from four reanalysis/analysis datasets are analyzed and compared with the observed SAT from 11 stations in the Antarctic. It is found that the SAT variation from Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) is the best to represent the observed SAT. Then we use the sea ice concentration (SIC) data from satellite measurements, the SAT data from the GISS dataset and station observations to examine the trends and variations of sea ice and SAT in the Antarctic during 1979-2009. The Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) shows an increased trend during 1979-2009, with a trend rate of 1.36 +/- A 0.43% per decade. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition analysis shows that the rate of the increased trend has been accelerating in the past decade. Antarctic SIE trend depends on the season, with the maximum increase occurring in autumn. If the relationship between SIC and GISS SAT trends is examined regionally, Antarctic SIC trends agree well with the local SAT trends in the most Antarctic regions. That is, Antarctic SIC and SAT show an inverse relationship: a cooling (warming) SAT trend is associated with an upward (downward) SIC trend. It is also concluded that the relationship between sea ice and SAT trends in the Antarctic should be examined regionally rather than integrally.
C1 [Shu, Qi; Qiao, Fangli; Song, Zhenya] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China.
[Shu, Qi; Qiao, Fangli; Song, Zhenya] State Ocean Adm, Key Lab Marine Sci & Numer Modeling, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Qiao, FL (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China.
EM qiaofl@fio.org.cn
RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009;
OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Song, Zhenya/0000-0002-8098-5529
FU 973 Project [2010CB950301, 2010CB950502]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [40730842]
FX SIC data is provided by http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html, GISS SAT
data is available from http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/, NCEP/NCAR
reanalysis SAT data is from
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html,
COREs SAT data is provided by
http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/mom4/COREv2.html, and ECMWF SAT
data is available from http://data.ecmwf.int/data/, 11 stations SAT data
are download from http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/gjma/. The authors
thank the above data providers. This study is supported by 973 Project
(No. 2010CB950301; No. 2010CB950502) and the Key Project of National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40730842).
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 11-12
BP 2355
EP 2363
DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1143-9
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 951BS
UT WOS:000304696300014
ER
PT J
AU Paulter, NG
Larson, DR
AF Paulter, Nicholas G.
Larson, Donald R.
TI Pulse Metrology - Part 2 Part 39 in a series of tutorials on
instrumentation and measurement
SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Transmission line measurements; Pulse measurements; Tutorials;
Uncertainty; Measurement uncertainty; Semiconductor device measurement;
Metrology
ID SAMPLER CALIBRATION METHOD; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; OSCILLOSCOPES;
CIRCUITS; NPL
C1 [Paulter, Nicholas G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Paulter, Nicholas G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Paulter, Nicholas G.; Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Law Enforcement Stand Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Paulter, Nicholas G.; Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Larson, Donald R.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA.
EM paulter@nist.gov
NR 36
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 9
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1094-6969
J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG
JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 15
IS 3
BP 43
EP 47
DI 10.1109/MIM.2012.6204873
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 953XF
UT WOS:000304906400008
ER
PT J
AU Medvigy, D
Walko, RL
Avissar, R
AF Medvigy, David
Walko, Robert L.
Avissar, Roni
TI Simulated Links between Deforestation and Extreme Cold Events in South
America
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL DEFORESTATION; AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION; GENERALIZED FROSTS; AIR
INCURSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORM TRACKS; TIME-SERIES; MODEL;
CIRCULATION; SCALE
AB Many modeling studies have indicated that deforestation will increase the average annual temperature in the Amazon. However, few studies have investigated the potential for deforestation to change the frequency and intensity of extreme events. This problem is addressed here using a variable-resolution GCM. The characteristic length scale (CLS) of the model's grid mesh over South America is 25 km, comparable to that used by limited-area models. For computational efficiency, the CLS increases to 200 km over the rest of the world. It is found that deforestation induces large changes in the frequency of wintertime extreme cold events. Large increases in cold event frequency and intensity occur in the western Amazon and, surprisingly, in parts of southern South America, far from the actual deforested area. One possible mechanism for these remote effects involves changes in the position of the subtropical jet, caused by temperature changes in the Amazon. Increased understanding of these potential changes in extreme events will be important for local agriculture, natural ecosystems, and the human population.
C1 [Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Walko, Robert L.; Avissar, Roni] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Medvigy, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, 418B Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM dmedvigy@princeton.edu
FU NSF [0902197]; PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center;
Visualization Laboratory at Princeton University
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NSF Award 0902197. We
also thank Marcos Longo and Gabriela Muller and three anonymous
reviewers for their insightful comments. NCEP reanalysis 2 data were
provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web
site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Some of the simulations presented
in this article were performed on computational resources supported by
the PICSciE-OIT High Performance Computing Center and Visualization
Laboratory at Princeton University.
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 11
BP 3851
EP 3866
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00259.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 951RC
UT WOS:000304736700011
ER
PT J
AU Parson, LE
Swafford, R
AF Parson, Larry E.
Swafford, Russell
TI Beneficial Use of Sediments from Dredging Activities in the Gulf of
Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB Parson, L.E. and Swafford, R., 2012. Beneficial use of sediments from dredging activities in the Gulf of Mexico. In: Khalil, S.M., Parson, L.E., and Waters, J.P. (eds.), Technical Framework for the Gulf Regional Sediment Management Master Plan (GRSMMP), Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 60, 45-50.
Dredging activities are a potential source of sediment and should be considered in any conservation and restoration planning process. Wise use of sediment resources from dredging is integral to accomplishing the conservation and restoration initiatives and objectives being recommended under the Gulf of Mexico Alliance. Keeping dredged sediments within the natural system or using it in the construction of restoration projects can improve environmental conditions, provide storm damage protection, and contribute to habitat creation and restoration goals. Hundreds of millions of cubic yards of sediments are dredged each year from Gulf ports, harbors, and waterways, much of which could be used beneficially. Currently it is estimated that about 30% of all material dredged from federal channels in the Gulf states is used beneficially and very little of the privately funded dredging is used for beneficial purposes. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) conducts dredging under its navigation maintenance program and much of the dredging conducted is typically done on a scheduled and routine basis. Successful planning of beneficial-use projects utilizing USACE dredging necessitates the early coordination and work of multidisciplinary interagency teams on a regular basis. There is also a need to improve data access and management for dredging activities for use by project managers and planners.
C1 [Parson, Larry E.] USA, Corps Engineers, Mobile, AL 36602 USA.
[Swafford, Russell] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
RP Parson, LE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Mobile, AL 36602 USA.
EM larry.e.parson@usace.army.mil
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 16
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD SUM
PY 2012
SI 60
BP 45
EP 50
DI 10.2112/SI_60_5
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA 950XH
UT WOS:000304684700006
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CD
Near, TJ
AF Jones, C. D.
Near, T. J.
TI The reproductive behaviour of Pogonophryne scotti confirms widespread
egg-guarding parental care among Antarctic notothenioids
SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctic fish nesting; artedidraconidae
ID HARPAGIFER-BISPINIS; NESTING-BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; GENE-SEQUENCES;
ROSS SEA; ICEFISH; PISCES; FISHES; MITOCHONDRIAL; PERCIFORMES
AB In this paper, the first documentation of egg-guarding behaviour in an artedidraconid species, Pogonophryne scotti, through in situ photographic imagery obtained during video transects is provided. The male specimen was observed closely guarding a well-defined multi-layered egg mass deposited on the sea floor at 240 m on the southern South Orkney Islands shelf in the northern Weddell Sea. Egg-guarding parental care is present in species that are distributed among all of the major lineages of Antarctic notothenioids; however, lack of information on egg-deposition behaviours in Bovichtidae and Pseudaphritis prevents assessment of whether parental care originated prior to the origin of the Antarctic notothenioid radiation.
C1 [Jones, C. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Near, T. J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Near, T. J.] Yale Univ, Peabody Museum Nat Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM chris.d.jones@noaa.gov
RI Near, Thomas/K-1204-2012
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ANT-0839007]
FX We greatly appreciate the hard work and skill of the captain and crew of
the R.V. Yuzhmorgeologiya during the 2009 U.S. AMLR field season. We are
also grateful to our skilled underwater camera technicians, A. Hoek and
A. Cossio. The U.S. National Science Foundation (ANT-0839007) provided
additional support.
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0022-1112
J9 J FISH BIOL
JI J. Fish Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 80
IS 7
BP 2629
EP 2635
DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03282.x
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 952QX
UT WOS:000304808400016
PM 22650438
ER
PT J
AU Ryan, DJ
Sepulveda, MS
Nalepa, TF
Hook, TO
AF Ryan, Daniel J.
Sepulveda, Maria S.
Nalepa, Thomas F.
Hoeoek, Tomas O.
TI Spatial variation in RNA:DNA ratios of Diporeia spp. in the Great Lakes
region
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Diporeia spp.; RNA:DNA; Condition; Abundance; Dreissenids
ID RNA-DNA RATIOS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; LIPID-CONTENT;
NUCLEIC-ACID; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS; FOOD
AVAILABILITY; ACARTIA-BIFILOSA; HERRING LARVAE
AB Over the past two decades, Diporeia in all of the Laurentian Great Lakes, except Superior, have declined dramatically. These declines have seemingly coincided with expansion of invasive Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis, however the exact mechanisms underlying decreasing Diporeia densities are obscure. We explored the use of RNA:DNA (RID) ratios as a conditional index for Diporeia by experimentally demonstrating that Diporeia RID responds to periods of starvation. Moreover, during 2008-2009 we collected Diporeia from throughout the Great Lakes and Cayuga Lake (New York, USA), and used R/D ratios to index condition of these in situ collected animals. We evaluated spatial and temporal variation of nucleic acid indices using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis with a suite of environmental variables included as potential predictors. Diporeia R/D of in situ collected specimens exhibited pronounced spatial and temporal variation, but multiple CART models described only a small amount of this variation. While we observed some variation in Diporeia R/D among lakes, nucleic acid ratios appeared to respond weakly to Diporeia population characteristics and local environmental conditions. Specifically, CART analyses revealed that Diporeia R/D was particularly low at extreme depths, and interestingly, Diporeia nucleic acids were not strongly associated with the presence of dreissenids. In summary, while a limited amount of variation in Diporeia RID was attributable to environmental conditions, the majority of Diporeia R/D variation was unaccounted for. Hence, the causative factors underlying spatio-temporal variation of Diporeia R/D and the mechanistic reasons for Diporeia declines in the Great Lakes remain largely unknown. (C) 2012 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ryan, Daniel J.; Sepulveda, Maria S.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 715 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM thook@purdue.edu
RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014
FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2008.886]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the captains and crews of
the R/V Lake Guardian and RN Laurentian for assisting with Diporeia
collections. We would also like to thank Jim Watkins for assisting with
Diporeia collections in Cayuga Lake, and Dave Fanslow for leading
collections in Batchawanna Bay, lake Superior. Without the help of these
individuals, this project would not have been possible. Equally, we
would like to extend our grateful appreciation to numerous persons that
have assisted us during this project, including: Carolyn Foley, Suman
Maity, Steve Hensler, Greg Jacobs, Julie Mida, Kyung Seo Park, Anna
Varian, S. Grace McCalla, Hui-Yu Wang and several lab technicians.
Funding for this project was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust
(Grant# 2008.886). This is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1619.
NR 75
TC 4
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U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 2
BP 187
EP 195
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.01.007
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 953BK
UT WOS:000304841700001
ER
PT J
AU Vanderploeg, HA
Pothoven, SA
Fahnenstiel, GL
Cavaletto, JF
Liebig, JR
Stow, CA
Nalepa, TF
Madenjian, CP
Bunnell, DB
AF Vanderploeg, Henry A.
Pothoven, Steven A.
Fahnenstiel, Gary L.
Cavaletto, Joann F.
Liebig, James R.
Stow, Craig A.
Nalepa, Thomas F.
Madenjian, Charles P.
Bunnell, David B.
TI Seasonal zooplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan: Disentangling impacts of
resource limitation, ecosystem engineering, and predation during a
critical ecosystem transition
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Zooplankton; Planktivory; Food limitation; Tipping point; Climate
ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LAURENTIAN
GREAT-LAKES; LIFE-CYCLE STRATEGY; BYTHOTREPHES-CEDERSTROEMI; CRUSTACEAN
ZOOPLANKTON; LIMNOCALANUS-MACRURUS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CALANOID
COPEPODS; PLANKTON DYNAMICS
AB We examined seasonal dynamics of zooplankton at an offshore station in Lake Michigan from 1994 to 2003 and 2007 to 2008. This period saw variable weather, declines in planktivorous fish abundance, the introduction and expansion of dreissenid mussels, and a slow decline in total phosphorus concentrations. After the major expansion of mussels into deep water (2007-2008), chlorophyll in spring declined sharply, Secchi depth increased markedly in all seasons, and planktivorous fish biomass declined to record-low levels. Overlaying these dramatic ecosystem-level changes, the zooplankton community exhibited complex seasonal dynamics between 1994-2003 and 2007-2008. Phenology of the zooplankton maximum was affected by onset of thermal stratification, but there was no other discernable effect due to temperature. Interannual variability in zooplankton biomass during 1994 and 2003 was strongly driven by planktivorous fish abundance, particularly age-0 and age-1 alewives. In 2007-2008, there were large decreases in Diacyclops thomasi and Daphnia mendotae possibly caused by food limitation as well as increased predation and indirect negative effects from increases in Bythotrephes longimanus abundance and in foraging efficiency associated with increased light penetration. The Bythotrephes increase was likely driven in part by decreased predation from yearling and older alewife. While there was a major decrease in epilimnetic-metalimnetic herbivorous cladocerans in 2007-2008, there was an increase in large omnivorous and predacious calanoid copepods, especially those in the hypolimnion. Thus, changes to the zooplankton community are the result of cascading, synergistic interactions, including a shift from vertebrate to invertebrate planktivory and mussel ecosystem impacts on light climate and chlorophyll. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research.
C1 [Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Cavaletto, Joann F.; Liebig, James R.; Stow, Craig A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Pothoven, Steven A.; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP Vanderploeg, HA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM henry.vanderploeg@noaa.gov; steve.pothoven@noaa.gov;
gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov; joann.cavaletto@noaa.gov;
jim.liebig@noaa.gov; craig.stow@noaa.gov; tom.nalepa@noaa.gov;
cmadenjian@usgs.gov; dbunnell@usgs.gov
OI Liebig, James/0000-0002-0433-9066; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855;
Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747
FU NOAA; Great Lakes Fishery Commission
FX We thank R. Pichlova-Ptacnikova and the captains and crews of the R/V
Shenehon and R/V Laurentian, namely D. Donahue, J. Workman, and A.
Yagiella, for help in field collections. H. Carrick made helpful
comments on an early version of this manuscript. Partial support for
funding came from NOAA Coastal Ocean Program and the Great Lakes Fishery
Commission. This is GLERL Contribution No. 1620 and U.S. Geological
Survey Great lakes Science Center Contribution No. 1684.
NR 91
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U1 5
U2 99
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 2
BP 336
EP 352
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.02.005
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 953BK
UT WOS:000304841700017
ER
PT J
AU Stentiford, GD
Neil, DM
Peeler, EJ
Shields, JD
Small, HJ
Flegel, TW
Vlak, JM
Jones, B
Morado, F
Moss, S
Lotz, J
Bartholomay, L
Behringer, DC
Hauton, C
Lightner, DV
AF Stentiford, G. D.
Neil, D. M.
Peeler, E. J.
Shields, J. D.
Small, H. J.
Flegel, T. W.
Vlak, J. M.
Jones, B.
Morado, F.
Moss, S.
Lotz, J.
Bartholomay, L.
Behringer, D. C.
Hauton, C.
Lightner, D. V.
TI Disease will limit future food supply from the global crustacean fishery
and aquaculture sectors
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Food security; Decapod; Shrimp; Crab; Lobster; Virus; Therapeutics;
Biosecurity; Trade; Commodity
ID SPOT-SYNDROME VIRUS; CRAB CANCER-PAGURUS; INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS;
LOBSTERS HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; SHRIMP PENAEUS-MONODON; YELLOW HEAD VIRUS;
CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; NUTRITION TRANSITION; HEMATODINIUM-PEREZI;
NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS
AB Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. A general separation of net producing and net consuming nations for crustacean seafood has created a truly globalised food industry. Projections for increasing global demand for seafood in the face of level or declining fisheries requires continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture while ensuring best utilisation of captured stocks. Furthermore, continued pressure from consuming nations to ensure safe products for human consumption are being augmented by additional legislative requirements for animals (and their products) to be of low disease status. As a consequence, increasing emphasis is being placed on enforcement of regulations and better governance of the sector; currently this is a challenge in light of a fragmented industry and less stringent regulations associated with animal disease within producer nations. Current estimates predict that up to 40% of tropical shrimp production (>$3bn) is lost annually, mainly due to viral pathogens for which standard preventative measures (e.g. such as vaccination) are not feasible. In light of this problem, new approaches are urgently required to enhance yield by improving broodstock and larval sourcing, promoting best management practices by farmer outreach and supporting cutting-edge research that aims to harness the natural abilities of invertebrates to mitigate assault from pathogens (e.g. the use of RNA interference therapeutics). In terms of fisheries losses associated with disease, key issues are centred on mortality and quality degradation in the post-capture phase, largely due to poor grading and handling by fishers and the industry chain. Occurrence of disease in wild crustaceans is also widely reported, with some indications that climatic changes may be increasing susceptibility to important pathogens (e.g. the parasite Hematodinium). However, despite improvements in field and laboratory diagnostics, defining population-level effects of disease in these fisheries remains elusive. Coordination of disease specialists with fisheries scientists will be required to understand current and future impacts of existing and emergent diseases on wild stocks. Overall, the increasing demand for crustacean seafood in light of these issues signals a clear warning for the future sustainability of this global industry. The linking together of global experts in the culture, capture and trading of crustaceans with pathologists, epidemiologists, ecologists, therapeutics specialists and policy makers in the field of food security will allow these issues to be better identified and addressed. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stentiford, G. D.; Peeler, E. J.] Cefas, Weymouth Lab, European Union Reference Lab Crustacean Dis, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England.
[Neil, D. M.] Univ Glasgow, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Shields, J. D.; Small, H. J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Flegel, T. W.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Centex Shrimp, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
[Vlak, J. M.] Wageningen Univ, Virol Lab, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Jones, B.] Dept Fisheries, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.
[Morado, F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Engn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Moss, S.] Ocean Inst, US Marine Shrimp Farming Program, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA.
[Lotz, J.] Univ So, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS USA.
[Bartholomay, L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Behringer, D. C.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Behringer, D. C.] Univ Florida, Emerging Pathogens Inst, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA.
[Hauton, C.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
[Lightner, D. V.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Stentiford, GD (reprint author), Cefas, Weymouth Lab, European Union Reference Lab Crustacean Dis, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England.
EM grant.stentiford@cefas.co.uk
OI Stentiford, Grant/0000-0001-6597-5413; Hauton, Chris/0000-0002-2313-4226
FU European Commission (Cefas) [C5202]; UK Department for Environment, Food
and Rural Affairs (Defra) (Cefas) [FB002]
FX GDS would like to thank the Co-operative Research Programme (CRP) of the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for
supporting the Symposium 'Disease in aquatic crustaceans: problems and
solutions for global food security'. Furthermore, to DG SANCO of the
European Commission (Cefas Contract #C5202) and the UK Department for
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (Cefas Contract FB002) for
financial support associated with the development of this review.
NR 127
TC 59
Z9 64
U1 12
U2 119
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2011
EI 1096-0805
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 110
IS 2
SI SI
BP 141
EP 157
DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.013
PG 17
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 951RU
UT WOS:000304738500002
PM 22434002
ER
PT J
AU Morado, JF
Siddeek, MSM
Mullowney, DR
Dawe, EG
AF Morado, J. Frank
Siddeek, M. S. M.
Mullowney, Darrell R.
Dawe, Earl G.
TI Protistan parasites as mortality drivers in cold water crab fisheries
SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE Coldwater crabs; Disease; Environment; Host; Pathogen; Humans;
Epizootiology
ID CLIMATE REGIME SHIFT; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; DUNGENESS
CRAB; SNOW CRAB; CANCER-MAGISTER; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION;
CONTINENTAL-SHELF; GEOGRAPHIC RANGE; KING CRABS
AB From a historical perspective, several protistan taxa, including the recently re-aligned Microsporidia, have been associated with or identified as causes of mortalities in crustacean populations. Depending upon the host species, associated protistan prevalences could be as low as 5% or approach 100%. It has generally been assumed that reported prevalences translated directly into significant mortalities that could impact the distribution and abundance of affected populations. However, this assumption may be incorrect especially when the dynamics of host-pathogen-environment interactions are not entirely understood. We will discuss the presumed impact of several protistan pathogens on temperate and cold water commercial crab species. By using selected examples such as a ciliate in the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and Hematodinium sp. infections in North Pacific crabs, we will attempt to contrast differences between prevalence and mortality, acute and chronic infections/mortalities, age or size selectivity of affected population, and geographically restricted and widespread epizootics. We will also briefly discuss the potential impact of environmental changes such as climate change and ocean acidification on both host and protistan pathogen. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Morado, J. Frank] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Siddeek, M. S. M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
[Mullowney, Darrell R.; Dawe, Earl G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sci Branch, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada.
RP Morado, JF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM frank.morado@noaa.gov
FU Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
FX The author would like to thank the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development for sponsorship and Dr. Grant Stentiford for organizing
the special symposium entitled, "Disease in aquatic crustaceans:
problems and solutions for global food security" at the 2011 Society for
Invertebrate Pathology meeting. Ms. Christie Shavey provided technical
assistance. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent views of the National Marine
Fisheries Service.
NR 70
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U1 2
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PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2011
EI 1096-0805
J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL
JI J. Invertebr. Pathol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 110
IS 2
SI SI
BP 201
EP 210
DI 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.008
PG 10
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 951RU
UT WOS:000304738500009
ER
PT J
AU Couet, A
Motta, AT
Comstock, RJ
Paul, RL
AF Couet, Adrien
Motta, Arthur T.
Comstock, Robert J.
Paul, Rick L.
TI Cold neutron prompt gamma activation analysis, a non-destructive
technique for hydrogen level assessment in zirconium alloys
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER; NIST
AB We propose a novel use of a non-destructive technique to quantitatively assess hydrogen concentration in zirconium alloys. The technique, called Cold Neutron Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (CNPGAA), is based on measuring prompt gamma rays following the absorption of cold neutrons, and comparing the rate of detection of characteristic hydrogen gamma rays to that of gamma rays from matrix atoms. Because the emission is prompt, this method has to be performed in close proximity to a neutron source such as the one at the National Institute of Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research. Determination shown here to be simple and accurate, matching the results given by usual destructive techniques such as Vacuum Hot Extraction (VHE), with a precision of +/- 2 mg kg(-1) (or wt ppm). Very low levels of hydrogen (as low as 5 mg kg(-1) (wt ppm)) can be detected. Also, it is demonstrated that CNPGAA can be applied sequentially on an individual corrosion coupon during autoclave testing, to measure a gradually increasing hydrogen concentration. Thus, this technique can replace destructive techniques performed on "sister" samples thereby reducing experimental uncertainties. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Couet, Adrien; Motta, Arthur T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Comstock, Robert J.] Westinghouse Elect Co, Res & Technol Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA.
[Paul, Rick L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Couet, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM axc1019@psu.edu
NR 27
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-3115
J9 J NUCL MATER
JI J. Nucl. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 425
IS 1-3
BP 211
EP 217
DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.044
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 952LC
UT WOS:000304793000031
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SS
AF Lee, Seoung Soo
TI Effect of Aerosol on Circulations and Precipitation in Deep Convective
Clouds
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRAL BIN MICROPHYSICS; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; TROPICAL CONVECTION;
DENSITY CURRENTS; RESOLVING MODEL; PART II; PARAMETERIZATION; STORMS;
SIMULATIONS; RADIATION
AB This study examines the effect of a mesoscale perturbation of aerosol on a larger-scale cloud system driven by deep convective clouds. An aerosol-perturbed domain of size 120 km is prescribed in the middle of the larger-scale domain of size 1100 km. Aerosol perturbations in the mesoscale domain result in an intensification of convection in a mesoscale convective system (MCS). This leads to an intensification of the larger-scale circulations, which in turn leads to an intensification of the larger-scale subsidence. While the invigorated convection enhances precipitation in the MCS, the intensified larger-scale subsidence acts to increase the larger-scale stability and thus to suppress convection and precipitation in the larger-scale domain. The suppression of precipitation in the larger-scale domain outweighs the enhancement of precipitation in the mesoscale domain, leading to suppressed precipitation over the entire domain. The ramifications of aerosol perturbations therefore need to be considered on scales much larger than the scale of the perturbation.
C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo] Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Lee, Seoung Soo] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
RP Lee, SS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
EM seoung.soo.lee@noaa.gov
RI Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA
FX The author thanks NOAA's Climate Goal Program for supporting this work
and the HPCC for computing support. He also thanks Graham Feingold for
review.
NR 68
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Z9 12
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 6
BP 1957
EP 1974
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0111.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 951RA
UT WOS:000304736500013
ER
PT J
AU Kumjian, MR
Ryzhkov, AV
AF Kumjian, Matthew R.
Ryzhkov, Alexander V.
TI The Impact of Size Sorting on the Polarimetric Radar Variables
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MULTIMOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; STORM-SCALE
ANALYSES; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; TORNADIC
THUNDERSTORMS; DISTRIBUTION RETRIEVAL; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; VIDEO
DISDROMETER
AB Differential sedimentation of precipitation occurs because heavier hydrometeors fall faster than lighter ones. Updrafts and vertical wind shear can maintain this otherwise transient size sorting, resulting in prolonged regions of ongoing particle sorting in storms. This study quantifies the impact of size sorting on the S-band polarimetric radar variables (radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization Z(H), differential reflectivity Z(DR), specific differential phase K-DP, and the copolar cross-correlation coefficient rho(hv)). These variables are calculated from output of two idealized bin models: a one-dimensional model of pure raindrop fallout and a two-dimensional rain shaft encountering vertical wind shear. Additionally, errors in the radar variables as simulated by single-, double-, and triple-moment bulk microphysics parameterizations are quantified for the same size sorting scenarios.
Size sorting produces regions of sparsely concentrated large drops with a lack of smaller drops, causing Z(DR) enhancements as large as 1 dB in areas of decreased Z(H), often along a Z(H) gradient. Such areas of enhanced Z(DR) are offset from those of high Z(H) and K-DP. Illustrative examples of polarimetric radar observations in a variety of precipitation regimes demonstrate the widespread occurrence of size sorting and are consistent with the bin model simulations. Single-moment schemes are incapable of size sorting, leading to large underestimations in Z(DR) (>2 dB) compared to the bin model solution. Double-moment schemes with a fixed spectral shape parameter produce excessive size sorting by incorrectly increasing the number of large raindrops, overestimating Z(DR) by 2-3 dB. Three-moment schemes with variable shape parameters better capture the narrowing drop size distribution resulting from size sorting but can underestimate Z(DR) and overestimate K-DP by as much as 20%. Implications for polarimetric radar data assimilation into storm-scale numerical weather prediction models are discussed.
C1 NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Kumjian, MR (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM matthew.kumjian@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Transregional Research
Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions"
[TR32]
FX Research-grade polarimetric radar data from KOUN are possible because of
the tireless efforts of CIMMS/NSSL engineers and scientists who
maintained and operated the radar, and for this we are grateful. Partial
funding from this work comes from the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative
Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The first author
would like to thank the members of his doctoral committee for feedback
on portions of this work: Drs. Howie "Cb" Bluestein, Guifu Zhang, Alan
Shapiro, Eric Abraham (all at OU), and Dusan ZrniC (NSSL). We thank Dr.
Edward "Ted" Mansell (NSSL) for reviewing an early draft of the
manuscript, as well as Alex Schenkman (OU) for useful discussions and
suggestions about data assimilation. Constructive comments and
suggestions by Dr. Dan Dawson (NSSL) and two additional anonymous
reviewers significantly improved the paper. Data from the BOXPOL radar
are courtesy of the Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn,
where the first author held a Doctoral Fellowship funded by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the Transregional Research
Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions"
(TR32).
NR 71
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 6
BP 2042
EP 2060
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0125.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 951RA
UT WOS:000304736500018
ER
PT J
AU Zeng, ZH
Chen, LS
Bao, JW
AF Zeng Zhi-hua
Chen Lian-shou
Bao Jian-wen
TI IMPACT OF SEA SPRAY ON TROPICAL CYCLONE STRUCTURE AND INTENSITY CHANGE
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE sea spray; tropical cyclone; structure and intensity change; numerical
simulation
ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL DESCRIPTION; TURBULENT FLUXES; MOVABLE
MESH; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; CLOUDS
AB In this paper, the effects of sea spray on tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity variation are evaluated through numerical simulations using an advanced sea-spray parameterization from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), which is incorporated in the idealized Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW) model. The effect of sea spray on TC boundary-layer structure is also analyzed. The results show that there is a significant increase in TC intensity when its boundary-layer wind includes the radial and tangential winds, their structure change, and the total surface wind speed change. Diagnosis of the vorticity budget shows that an increase of convergence in TC boundary layer enhances TC vorticity due to the dynamic effect of sea spay. The main kinematic effect of the friction velocity reduction by sea spray produces an increment of large-scale convergence in the TC boundary layer, while the radial and tangential winds significantly increase with an increment of the horizontal gradient maximum of the radial wind, resulting in a final increase in the simulated TC intensity. The surface enthalpy flux enlarges TC intensity and reduces storm structure change to some degree, which results in a secondary thermodynamic impact on TC intensification. Implications of the new interpretation of sea-spray effects on TC intensification are also discussed.
C1 [Zeng Zhi-hua] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Zeng Zhi-hua] Shanghai Typhoon Inst, China Meteorol Adm, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Chen Lian-shou] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Bao Jian-wen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Zeng, ZH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM zengzh@mail.typhoon.gov.cn
FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB421500];
Natural Science Foundation of China [40875039, 40730948, 40921160381];
Projects for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China [GYHY201006008]
FX Foundation item: National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)
(2009CB421500); Natural Science Foundation of China (40875039, 40730948,
40921160381); Projects for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China
(GYHY201006008)
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS
PI GUANGZHOU
PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-8775
J9 J TROP METEOROL
JI J. Trop. Meteorol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 2
BP 135
EP 145
DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2012.02.004
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953SZ
UT WOS:000304894800004
ER
PT J
AU DeMaria, M
DeMaria, RT
Knaff, JA
Molenar, D
AF DeMaria, Mark
DeMaria, Robert T.
Knaff, John A.
Molenar, Debra
TI Tropical Cyclone Lightning and Rapid Intensity Change
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; LOCATION NETWORK WWLLN; NORTH PACIFIC
BASINS; SFERIC ARRAY LASA; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; VERTICAL MOTIONS;
PART I; HURRICANE; ATLANTIC; ICE
AB A large sample of Atlantic and eastern North Pacific tropical cyclone cases (2005-10) is used to investigate the relationships between lightning activity and intensity changes for storms over water. The lightning data are obtained from the ground-based World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The results generally confirm those from previous studies: the average lightning density (strikes per unit area and time) decreases with radius from the storm center; tropical storms tend to have more lightning than hurricanes; intensifying storms tend to have greater lightning density than weakening cyclones; and the lightning density for individual cyclones is very episodic. Results also show that Atlantic tropical cyclones tend to have greater lightning density than east Pacific storms. The largest lightning density values are associated with sheared cyclones that do not intensify very much. The results also show that when the lightning density is compared with intensity change in the subsequent 24 h, Atlantic cyclones that rapidly weaken have a larger inner-core (0-100 km) lightning density than those that rapidly intensify. Thus, large inner-core lightning outbreaks are sometimes a signal that an intensification period is coming to an end. Conversely, the lightning density in the rainband regions (200-300 km) is higher for those cyclones that rapidly intensified in the following 24 h in both the Atlantic and east Pacific. When lightning density parameters are used as input to a discriminant analysis technique, results show that lightning information has the potential to improve the short-term prediction of tropical cyclone rapid intensity changes.
C1 [DeMaria, Mark] CIRA, NESDIS, STAR, CSU,NOAA, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[DeMaria, Robert T.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), CIRA, NESDIS, STAR, CSU,NOAA, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
EM demaria@cira.colostate.edu
RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Molenar, Debra/F-5615-2010; Knaff, John
/F-5599-2010
OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409
FU GOES-R Risk Reduction Program
FX This research was partially supported by the GOES-R Risk Reduction
Program. Many valuable comments were obtained from Alexandre Fierro and
an anonymous reviewer that improved the quality of this paper. The
views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the
authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 55
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 6
BP 1828
EP 1842
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00236.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953BC
UT WOS:000304840900007
ER
PT J
AU Aksoy, A
Lorsolo, S
Vukicevic, T
Sellwood, KJ
Aberson, SD
Zhang, FQ
AF Aksoy, Altug
Lorsolo, Sylvie
Vukicevic, Tomislava
Sellwood, Kathryn J.
Aberson, Sim D.
Zhang, Fuqing
TI The HWRF Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) for
High-Resolution Data: The Impact of Airborne Doppler Radar Observations
in an OSSE
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; CYCLONE RAPID INTENSIFICATION; KALMAN
FILTER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VORTEX RESILIENCY; MODEL; PREDICTION;
INTENSITY; LANDFALL; WIND
AB Within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory has developed the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) to assimilate hurricane inner-core observations for high-resolution vortex initialization. HEDAS is based on a serial implementation of the square root ensemble Kalman filter. HWRF is configured with a horizontal grid spacing of 9/3 km on the outer/inner domains. In this preliminary study, airborne Doppler radar radial wind observations are simulated from a higher-resolution (4.5/1.5 km) version of the same model with other modifications that resulted in appreciable model error.
A 24-h nature run simulation of Hurricane Paloma was initialized at 1200 UTC 7 November 2008 and produced a realistic, category-2-strength hurricane vortex. The impact of assimilating Doppler wind observations is assessed in observation space as well as in model space. It is observed that while the assimilation of Doppler wind observations results in significant improvements in the overall vortex structure, a general bias in the average error statistics persists because of the underestimation of overall intensity. A general deficiency in ensemble spread is also evident. While covariance inflation/relaxation and observation thinning result in improved ensemble spread, these do not translate into improvements in overall error statistics. These results strongly suggest a need to include in the ensemble a representation of forecast error growth from other sources such as model error.
C1 [Aksoy, Altug] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Aksoy, Altug; Lorsolo, Sylvie; Vukicevic, Tomislava; Sellwood, Kathryn J.; Aberson, Sim D.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
[Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Aksoy, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, Rosenstiel Sch, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM aaksoy@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009; Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Aberson,
Sim/C-4891-2013; Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Sellwood,
Kathryn/H-6500-2014
OI Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710; Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985;
Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Sellwood, Kathryn/0000-0001-7978-9101
FU NOAA; CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and NOAA
[NA67RJ0149]
FX The authors acknowledge funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project that supported this work. This research was carried
out (in part) under the auspices of CIMAS, a joint institute of the
University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0149. HRD
Director Dr. Frank Mark's guidance and leadership have been instrumental
in the success of the HEDAS project. Dr. Zhiyong Meng and Dr. Yonghui
Weng's inputs were very helpful in the early development of the EnKF
code in HEDAS. We are also grateful for the amazing support from the HRD
modeling group, especially from Dr. Xuejin Zhang and Mr. Thiago Quirino.
Dr. Jeff Whitaker of NOAA/ESRL has kindly provided the GFS/EnKF data.
HRD scientists Dr. Rob Rogers and Dr. Paul Reasor provided very useful
criticism that enhanced the manuscript. Constructive comments from two
anonymous reviewers were very helpful in improving the manuscript and
bringing it to its final form. Additionally, the first author wishes to
acknowledge insightful discussions with Dr. Chris Snyder and Dr. Jeff
Anderson throughout the HEDAS development and testing phase.
NR 53
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 6
BP 1843
EP 1862
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00212.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953BC
UT WOS:000304840900008
ER
PT J
AU Kim, ST
Yu, JY
Kumar, A
Wang, H
AF Kim, Seon Tae
Yu, Jin-Yi
Kumar, Arun
Wang, Hui
TI Examination of the Two Types of ENSO in the NCEP CFS Model and Its
Extratropical Associations
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SEASONAL FOOTPRINTING MECHANISM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS;
OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TONGUE EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC;
EASTERN-PACIFIC; COUPLED GCM; WARM POOL; VARIABILITY; MODULATION
AB Two types of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) model are examined. The model is found to produce both the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of ENSO with spatial patterns and temporal evolutions similar to the observed. The simulated ENSO intensity is comparable to the observed for the EP type, but weaker than the observed for the CP type. Further analyses reveal that the generation of the simulated CP ENSO is linked to extratropical forcing associated with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and that the model is capable of simulating the coupled air-sea processes in the subtropical Pacific that slowly spreads the NPO-induced SST variability into the tropics, as shown in the observations. The simulated NPO, however, does not extend as far into the deep tropics as it does in the observations and the coupling in the model is not sustained as long as it is in the observations. As a result, the extratropical forcing of tropical central Pacific SST variability in the CFS model is weaker than in the observations. An additional analysis with the Bjerknes stability index indicates that the weaker CP ENSO in the CFS model is also partially due to unrealistically weak zonal advective feedback in the equatorial Pacific. These model deficiencies appear to be related to an underestimation in the amount of the marine stratus clouds off the North American coasts inducing an ocean surface warm bias in the eastern Pacific. This study suggests that a realistic simulation of these marine stratus clouds can be important for the CP ENSO simulation.
C1 [Kim, Seon Tae; Yu, Jin-Yi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92620 USA.
[Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Yu, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92620 USA.
EM jyyu@uci.edu
RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Kim, Seon Tae/G-6361-2011; Yu, Jin-Yi/G-3413-2011
OI Kim, Seon Tae/0000-0003-2628-0904; Yu, Jin-Yi/0000-0001-6156-7623
FU NSF [ATM-0925396]; NOAA-MAPP [NA11OAR4310102]
FX This research was supported by NSF Grant ATM-0925396 and NOAA-MAPP Grant
NA11OAR4310102.
NR 47
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 6
BP 1908
EP 1923
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00300.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953BC
UT WOS:000304840900012
ER
PT J
AU Lorsolo, S
Aksoy, A
AF Lorsolo, Sylvie
Aksoy, Altug
TI Wavenumber Analysis of Azimuthally Distributed Data: Assessing Maximum
Allowable Gap Size
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; HURRICANE ISABEL 2003; INNER-CORE; PART II;
KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; VORTEX STRUCTURE; INTENSE
STORMS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION
AB Performing wavenumber decomposition on azimuthally distributed data such as those in tropical cyclones can be challenging when data gaps exist in the signal. In the literature, ad hoc approaches are found to determine maximum gap size beyond which not to perform Fourier decomposition. The goal of the present study is to provide a more objective and systematic method to choose the maximum gap size allowed to perform a Fourier analysis on observational data. A Monte Carlo-type experiment is conducted where signals of various wavenumber configurations are generated with gaps of varying size, then a simple interpolation scheme is applied and Fourier decomposition is performed. The wavenumber decomposition is evaluated in a way that requires retrieval of at least 80% of the original amplitude with less than 20 degrees phase shift. Maximum allowable gap size is then retrieved for wavenumbers 0-2. When prior assessment of signal configuration is available, the authors believe that the present study can provide valuable guidance for gap size beyond which Fourier decomposition is not advisable.
C1 [Lorsolo, Sylvie; Aksoy, Altug] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Lorsolo, Sylvie; Aksoy, Altug] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA.
RP Lorsolo, S (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM sylvie.lorsolo@noaa.gov
RI Aksoy, Altug/A-3508-2009
OI Aksoy, Altug/0000-0002-2335-7710
FU NOAA; CIMAS, a joint institute of the University of Miami and NOAA
[NA67RJ0149]
FX The authors acknowledge funding from the NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project that supported this work. This research was carried
out (in part) under the auspices of CIMAS, a joint institute of the
University of Miami and NOAA, Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0149. The
authors thank Dr. Paul Reasor, Dr. John Gamache, and the anonymous
reviewers for their insightful input.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 6
BP 1945
EP 1956
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00219.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953BC
UT WOS:000304840900014
ER
PT J
AU Stouffer, RJ
AF Stouffer, Ronald J.
TI OCEANOGRAPHY Future impact of today's choices
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY
C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Stouffer, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM ronald.stouffer@noaa.gov
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 2
IS 6
BP 397
EP 398
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 955WM
UT WOS:000305051600013
ER
PT J
AU Sun, DL
Yu, YY
Zhang, R
Li, SM
Goldberg, MD
AF Sun, Donglian
Yu, Yunyue
Zhang, Rui
Li, Sanmei
Goldberg, Mitchell D.
TI Towards Operational Automatic Flood Detection Using EOS/MODIS Data
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID LAND-COVER; VEGETATION; AVHRR; CLASSIFICATION; SATELLITE; BANGLADESH;
REGRESSION; WATER; AREA
AB This study investigates how to derive water fraction and flood map from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) using a Regression Tree (RT) approach, which can integrate all predictors. The New Orleans, Louisiana floods in August 2005 were selected as a case study. MODIS surface reflectance with matched water fraction data were used for training. The tree-based regression models were obtained automatically through learning process. The tree structure reveals that near-infrared reflectance is more important than the difference and ratio between near-infrared and visible channels for water fraction estimate. Flood distributions were generated using the differences in water fraction values between after and before the flooding. The derived water fractions were evaluated against 30 in Thematic Mapper (TM) data from Landsat observations. Water fractions derived from the MODIS and TM data agree well (R-2 = 0.94, bias = 0.38 percent, and RMSE = 4.35 percent). The results show that the RT approach in dynamic monitoring of floods is acceptable.
C1 [Sun, Donglian; Zhang, Rui; Li, Sanmei] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Sun, DL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM dsun@gmu.edu
RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010
FU GOES-R Algorithm Working Group
FX The authors thank the editor for his responsible help and the reviewers
for their constructive comments. This study was supported by the GOES-R
program through the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. The manuscript
contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a
statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US
Government.
NR 48
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 78
IS 6
BP 637
EP 646
PG 10
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 952KK
UT WOS:000304791200008
ER
PT J
AU Zeller, W
Mayle, M
Bonato, T
Reinelt, G
Schmelcher, P
AF Zeller, Wolfgang
Mayle, Michael
Bonato, Thorsten
Reinelt, Gerhard
Schmelcher, Peter
TI Spectra and ground states of one- and two-dimensional laser-driven
lattices of ultracold Rydberg atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; BLOCKADE
AB We investigate static properties of laser-driven ultracold Rydberg atoms confined to one- and two-dimensional uniform lattices in the limit of vanishing laser coupling. The spectral structure of square lattices is compared to those of linear chains, and similarities as well as differences are pointed out. Furthermore, we employ a method based on elements of graph theory to numerically determine the laser-detuning-dependent ground states of various lattice geometries. Ground states for chains as well as square and rectangular lattices are provided and are discussed.
C1 [Zeller, Wolfgang; Schmelcher, Peter] Univ Hamburg, Zent Opti Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
[Mayle, Michael] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mayle, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bonato, Thorsten; Reinelt, Gerhard] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Comp Sci, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Zeller, W (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Zent Opti Quantentechnol, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
EM peter.schmelcher@physnet.uni-hamburg.de
RI Mayle, Michael/A-2423-2009; Schmelcher, Peter/D-9592-2014
OI Schmelcher, Peter/0000-0002-2637-0937
FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Initial Training Network
COHERENCE (Marie-Curie Actions) of the European Union
FX M.M. acknowledges financial support from a fellowship within the
postdoctorate programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
P.S. acknowledges financial support from the Initial Training Network
COHERENCE (Marie-Curie Actions) of the Program FP7 of the European
Union.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 6
AR 063603
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.063603
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 951AE
UT WOS:000304692200010
ER
PT J
AU Burton, BP
van de Walle, A
AF Burton, Benjamin Paul
van de Walle, Axel
TI First principles phase diagram calculations for the
octahedral-interstitial system HfOX, 0 <= X <= 1/2
SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE HfOX; Hf suboxides; Devil's staircase; Long-period superstructures;
First principles phase diagram calculation
ID ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM-OXYGEN ALLOYS;
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ALPHA-ZIRCONIUM; HAFNIUM; METALS; MODEL
AB First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the hexagonal closest packed octahedral-interstitial solid solution system alpha HfOx ( alpha Hf[ ](1-X)O-X = vacancy; 0 <= X <= 1/2). The cluster expansion method was used to do a ground state analysis, and to calculate the phase diagram. The predicted diagram has four ordered ground-states in the range 0 <= X <= 1/2, but one of these, at X = 5/12, is predicted to disproportionate at T approximate to 220 K. At X approximate to 1/3 (Hf3O) and X approximate to 1/2 (Hf2O), order-parameter vs. temperature plots evince cascades of closely related ordered structures that are suggestive of Devil's Staircases. Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Burton, Benjamin Paul] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[van de Walle, Axel] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov; avdw@alum.mit.edu
RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013
OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494
FU NSF [DMR050013N]; ONR [N00014-11-1-0261]
FX This research was supported by NSF through TeraGrid and/or Xsede
resources provided by NCSA and TACC under grant DMR050013N and by ONR
under grant N00014-11-1-0261.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0364-5916
J9 CALPHAD
JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 37
BP 151
EP 157
DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2011.12.011
PG 7
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
GA 948LP
UT WOS:000304505000021
ER
PT J
AU Millar, RB
McKechnie, S
Jordan, CE
AF Millar, Russell B.
McKechnie, Sam
Jordan, Chris E.
TI Simple estimators of salmonid escapement and its variance using a new
area-under-the-curve method
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SPAWNING ESCAPEMENTS; COHO SALMON; STREAMS; COUNTS; REDDS; TIME
AB If observed numbers of spawning salmon are plotted against sampling date, then the area under the curve (AUC) gives an estimate of spawner-days. Dividing AUC by spawner lifetime and adjusting for observer efficiency gives an estimate of spawner escapement. In particular, the trapezoidal form of AUC estimator has been widely used over the last two decades, despite the absence of a direct method for calculating its variance. For this reason, an alternative estimator of escapement was developed using a maximum likelihood (ML) model of spawner arrivals. However, this alternative has not been widely used, perhaps because of its complexity and concerns over validity of assumptions. Here, a simpler ML approach is used to estimate AUC by fitting a model directly to spawner numbers. It can be fitted using existing generalized linear modeling software and provides an explicit variance estimator for AUC and escapement. Simulations show that it has consistently higher coverage than the existing ML estimator. However, the trapezoidal AUC estimator was generally a slightly more precise estimator of escapement than either of the ML approaches.
C1 [Millar, Russell B.; McKechnie, Sam] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
[Jordan, Chris E.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Millar, RB (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
EM millar@stat.auckland.ac.nz
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA) of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; US National Research
Council
FX Russell Millar was partially supported on this work by the Northwest
Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, Washington, USA) of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and by the US National Research
Council's Senior Research Fellowship program.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 7
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 6
BP 1002
EP 1015
DI 10.1139/F2012-034
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 948WM
UT WOS:000304533800002
ER
PT J
AU Rupp, DE
Wainwright, TC
Lawson, PW
AF Rupp, David E.
Wainwright, Thomas C.
Lawson, Peter W.
TI Effect of forecast skill on management of the Oregon coast coho salmon
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) fishery
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MAXIMUM REPRODUCTIVE RATE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE SURVIVAL;
PERFORMANCE; NERKA; UNCERTAINTIES; METAANALYSIS; VARIABILITY
AB Better fisheries management is often given as one justification for research on improving forecasts of fish survival. However, the value gained from expected improvements in forecast skill in terms of achieving management goals is rarely quantified as part of research objectives. Using Monte Carlo simulations of population dynamics, we assessed the effect of forecast skill under two strategies for managing Oregon coast natural (OCN) coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The first, or status quo, strategy is currently being used to rebuild threatened OCN coho populations. This strategy determines harvest based on both a forecasted marine survival rate and parental spawner abundance. The second strategy relies on a forecast of preharvest adult abundance to achieve a constant spawner escapement target. Performance of the status quo strategy was largely insensitive to forecast skill, while the second strategy showed sensitivity that varied with escapement target and specific performance metric. The results imply that effort towards improving forecasts is not justifiable solely on the basis of improved management under the status quo strategy, though it may be were the management strategy altered.
C1 [Rupp, David E.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR USA.
[Wainwright, Thomas C.; Lawson, Peter W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA.
RP Rupp, DE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Oregon Climate Change Res Inst, 326 Strand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM David.Rupp@oregonstate.edu
RI Wainwright, Thomas/F-4550-2010; Rupp, David/G-8171-2014
OI Wainwright, Thomas/0000-0001-5147-479X;
FU NOAA [09-10]
FX We thank Erik Suring (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife) for
providing salmon data from the Life Cycle Monitoring Sites and Mark
Scheuerell, Andi Stephens, Heather Stout, and three anonymous reviewers
for providing comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This work
was supported by NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program
(project No. 09-10).
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 6
BP 1016
EP 1032
DI 10.1139/F2012-040
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 948WM
UT WOS:000304533800003
ER
PT J
AU Hogg, CR
Mullen, K
Levin, I
AF Hogg, Charles R., III
Mullen, Katharine
Levin, Igor
TI A Bayesian approach for denoising one-dimensional data
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID POISSON NOISE; IMAGES; ERRORS
AB A Bayesian technique to correct for Poisson noise in one-dimensional data, such as X-ray/neutron scattering curves, is presented. This 'denoising' method calculates a probability for any given curve to be the true underlying signal and generates the curves having the highest probabilities. Gaussian processes with a nonstationary squared-exponential covariance function are used to obtain smooth curves without needing to assume a particular functional form. Two benchmark denoising methods, adaptive weights smoothing and wavelet shrinkage, formed a basis for comparison. All three methods were tested on different types of X-ray scattering data. Besides producing quantitative uncertainty estimates, which the benchmarks lacked, the Bayesian technique met or exceeded their fidelity to the true signal, as measured by mean-square residuals. A free software implementation of the methods described in this paper has been developed.
C1 [Hogg, Charles R., III; Mullen, Katharine; Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hogg, Charles R., III] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Hogg, CR (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM charles.hogg@nist.gov
FU National Institute for Standards and Technology through the University
of Maryland [70NANB10H026]
FX The authors are grateful to Victor Krayzmann and Adam Pintar for helpful
comments on previous versions of this manuscript, and to Antonio Possolo
for introducing us to Gaussian processes. CRH acknowledges support under
the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship
Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland.
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 45
BP 471
EP 481
DI 10.1107/S0021889812015154
PN 3
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 947BV
UT WOS:000304402500012
ER
PT J
AU Krycka, K
Chen, WC
Borchers, J
Maranville, B
Watson, S
AF Krycka, Kathryn
Chen, Wangchun
Borchers, Julie
Maranville, Brian
Watson, Shannon
TI Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering. I. Polarized data
reduction using Pol-Corr
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPIN FILTERS; HE-3; SANS; INVERSION
AB Pol-Corr is a free computer program that corrects for the neutron polarization inefficiencies that are characteristic of polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering experiments, namely those inefficiencies associated with a static neutron polarizer, a neutron spin flipper, beam depolarization and a time-varying neutron spin analyzer. The software is designed to interface directly with small-angle neutron scattering data acquired at the NIST Center for Neutron Research, but the algorithms are generally applicable and can be readily adapted for other data formats. The explicit neutron measurements required to characterize each polarizing element are derived, and these become the input parameters for Pol-Corr.
C1 [Krycka, Kathryn; Chen, Wangchun; Borchers, Julie; Maranville, Brian; Watson, Shannon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, Wangchun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Krycka, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov
FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Yumi Ijiri, Liv Dedon, Cindi Dennis,
Andrew Jackson, Sami El Khatib and Mike Fitzsimmons for their vigorous
software testing. We also thank Sara Majetich, Ryan Booth, Josep Nogues,
Rob Ivkov and Chris Leighton for providing a variety of magnetic systems
on which to develop our software, Cosmin Blaga for his aid in setting up
the LabVIEW framework, and Cedric Gagnon for his efforts in making the
PASANS experiments successful. This work utilized facilities supported
in part by the US National Science Foundation under agreement No.
DMR-0944772. The development of the 3He spin filters was
supported in part by the US Department of Energy.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 45
BP 546
EP 553
DI 10.1107/S0021889812003445
PN 3
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 947BV
UT WOS:000304402500022
ER
PT J
AU Krycka, K
Borchers, J
Ijiri, Y
Booth, R
Majetich, S
AF Krycka, Kathryn
Borchers, Julie
Ijiri, Yumi
Booth, Ryan
Majetich, Sara
TI Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering. II. Mathematical
angular analysis
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC SCATTERING; SLOW-NEUTRONS; SPIN FILTERS; HE-3; REDUCTION; SANS
AB Polarization-analyzed small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful tool for the study of magnetic morphology with directional sensitivity. Building upon polarized scattering theory, this article presents simplified procedures for the reduction of longitudinally polarized SANS into terms of the three mutually orthogonal magnetic scattering contributions plus a structural contribution. Special emphasis is given to the treatment of anisotropic systems. The meaning and significance of scattering interferences between nuclear and magnetic scattering and between the scattering from magnetic moments projected onto distinct orthogonal axes are discussed in detail. Concise tables summarize the algorithms derived for the most commonly encountered conditions. These tables are designed to be used as a reference in the challenging task of extracting the full wealth of information available from polarization-analyzed SANS.
C1 [Krycka, Kathryn; Borchers, Julie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ijiri, Yumi] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA.
[Booth, Ryan; Majetich, Sara] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Krycka, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov
RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015
OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672, DMR-0704178, DMR-0944772,
DMR-0804779, DMR-1104489]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER40481]
FX We gratefully acknowledge Chuck Majkrzak for his reduction of the
Halpern-Johnson vector notation into intuitive terms depending only upon
scattering angles and for discussions regarding chirality. This work
utilized facilities supported in part by National Science Foundation
grants DMR-0454672, DMR-0704178, DMR-0944772, DMR-0804779 and
DMR-1104489 and Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-08ER40481.
NR 33
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 45
BP 554
EP 565
DI 10.1107/S0021889812010114
PN 3
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 947BV
UT WOS:000304402500023
ER
PT J
AU Gnaupel-Herold, T
AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas
TI ISODEC: software for calculating diffraction elastic constants
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Software Review
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL
AB A program is introduced that calculates diffraction elastic constants for the Reuss, modified Voigt, Hill, Kroner and inverse Kroner models. For materials with preferred orientation it uses the orientation distribution function (ODF) to calculate the anisotropic stress factors. The ODF is read in text format as output from the freely available texture programs popLA and MTEX. The software also calculates the orientation-dependent mixing ratios of intensities of overlapped reflections, anisotropic bulk constants, and stress from lattice strain and vice versa.
C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Bldg 090,Room 2135, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM tg-h@nist.gov
OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 45
BP 573
EP 574
DI 10.1107/S0021889812014252
PN 3
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 947BV
UT WOS:000304402500026
ER
PT J
AU Bedner, M
Phinney, KW
AF Bedner, Mary
Phinney, Karen W.
TI Development and comparison of three liquid chromatography-atmospheric
pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry methods for determining
vitamin D metabolites in human serum
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE LC-MS; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-2; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-3;
3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D-3; Standard Reference Material; Human serum
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-2; HUMAN PLASMA; C-3
EPIMERS; INFANTS; ADULTS; HPLC
AB Liquid chromatographic methods with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry were developed for the determination of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D-2 (25(OH)D-2). 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 (25(OH)D-3), and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin-D-3 (3-epi-25(OH)D-3) in the four Levels of SRM 972, Vitamin Din Human Serum. One method utilized a C18 column, which separates 25(OH)D-2 and 25(OH)D-3, and one method utilized a CN column that also resolves the diastereomers 25(OH)D-3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D-3. Both methods utilized stable isotope labeled internal standards for quantitation of 25(OH)D-2 and 25(OH)D-3. These methods were subsequently used to evaluate SRM 909c Human Serum, and 25(OH)D-3 was the only vitamin D metabolite detected in this material. However, SRM 909c samples contained matrix peaks that interfered with the determination of the [H-2(6)]-25(OH)D-3 peak area. The chromatographic conditions for the C18 column were modified to remove this interference, but conditions that separated the matrix peaks from [H-2(6)]-25(OH)D-3 on the CN column could not be identified. The alternate internal standard [H-2(3)]-25(OH)D-3 did not suffer from matrix interferences and was used for quantitation of 25(OH)D-3 in SRM 909c. During the evaluation of SRM 909c samples, a third method was developed using a pentafluorophenylpropyl column that also separates the diastereomers 25(OH)D-3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D-3. The 25(OH)D-3 was measured in SRM 909c using all three methods, and the results were compared. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Bedner, Mary; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bedner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mary.bedner@nist.gov
FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary
FX Partial funding for this work was provided by the National Institutes of
Health, Office of Dietary Supplements.
NR 27
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 33
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 1240
BP 132
EP 139
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.091
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 948GN
UT WOS:000304491700015
PM 22533908
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, ALH
Armitage, PJ
AF Hughes, Anna L. H.
Armitage, Philip J.
TI Global variation of the dust-to-gas ratio in evolving protoplanetary
discs
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion discs; planets and satellites: formation;
protoplanetary discs; stars: pre-main-sequence; stars: variables: T
Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
ID PLANETESIMAL FORMATION; SOLAR NEBULA; FORMING PLANETESIMALS;
CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ACCRETION DISKS; SOLID PARTICLES; GROWTH PEBBLES;
DEBRIS DISKS; GRAIN-GROWTH; TAURI DISKS
AB Recent theories suggest planetesimal formation via streaming and/or gravitational instabilities may be triggered by localized enhancements in the dust-to-gas ratio, and one hypothesis is that sufficient enhancements may be produced in the pile-up of small solid particles inspiralling under aerodynamic drag from the large mass reservoir in the outer disc. Studies of particle pile-up in static gas discs have provided partial support for this hypothesis. Here, we study the radial and temporal evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio in turbulent discs that evolve under the action of viscosity and photoevaporation. We find that particle pile-ups do not generically occur within evolving discs, particularly if the introduction of large grains is restricted to the inner, dense regions of a disc. Instead, radial drift results in depletion of solids from the outer disc, while the inner disc maintains a dust-to-gas ratio that is within a factor of similar to 2 of the initial value. We attribute this result to the short time-scales for turbulent diffusion and radial advection (with the mean gas flow) in the inner disc. We show that the qualitative evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio depends only weakly upon the parameters of the disc model (the disc mass, size, viscosity and value of the Schmidt number), and discuss the implications for planetesimal formation via collective instabilities. Our results suggest that in discs where there is a significant level of midplane turbulence and accretion, planetesimal formation would need to be possible in the absence of large-scale enhancements. Instead, trapping and concentration of particles within local turbulent structures may be required as a first stage of planetesimal formation.
C1 [Hughes, Anna L. H.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hughes, Anna L. H.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hughes, Anna L. H.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Hughes, ALH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM anna.haugsjaa@colorado.edu; pja@jilau1.colorado.edu
FU NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; National Science Foundation (NSF)
[AST-0807471]
FX We would like to thank Til Birnstiel and an anonymous reviewer for
comments which led to a much clearer and generally improved manuscript.
Our work was supported by NASA, under award NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G
from the Origins of Solar Systems and Astrophysics Theory programmes,
and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award AST-0807471.
NR 61
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 423
IS 1
BP 389
EP 405
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20892.x
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 949TP
UT WOS:000304599100029
ER
PT J
AU Constantino, PJ
Lee, JJW
Gerbig, Y
Hartstone-Rose, A
Talebi, M
Lawn, BR
Lucas, PW
AF Constantino, Paul J.
Lee, James J. -W.
Gerbig, Yvonne
Hartstone-Rose, Adam
Talebi, Mauricio
Lawn, Brian R.
Lucas, Peter W.
TI The role of tooth enamel mechanical properties in primate dietary
adaptation
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dental ecology; elastic modulus; hardness; nanoindentation; diet
ID SYMPATRIC LOWLAND GORILLAS; RANOMAFANA NATIONAL-PARK; ELASTIC-MODULUS;
LOPE RESERVE; MOLAR ENAMEL; MOUNTAIN BABOONS; LAYER STRUCTURES; FALLBACK
FOODS; DENTAL CROWNS; PAPIO-URSINUS
AB Primate teeth adapt to the physical properties of foods in a variety of ways including changes in occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and overall size. We conducted a comparative study of extant primates to examine whether their teeth also adapt to foods through variation in the mechanical properties of the enamel. Nanoindentation techniques were used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across tooth sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer enamel surface in a broad sample of primates including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs. The measured data profiles feature considerable overlap among species, indicating a high degree of commonality in mechanical properties. These results suggest that differences in the load-bearing capacity of primate molar teeth are more a function of morphologyparticularly tooth size and enamel thicknessthan of underlying mechanical properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:171177, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Constantino, Paul J.; Lawn, Brian R.] Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA.
[Lee, James J. -W.; Gerbig, Yvonne; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hartstone-Rose, Adam] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Altoona, PA USA.
[Talebi, Mauricio] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Diadema, Brazil.
[Lawn, Brian R.; Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA.
[Lucas, Peter W.] Kuwait Univ, Fac Dent, Dept Bioclin Sci, Kuwait, Kuwait.
RP Constantino, PJ (reprint author), Marshall Univ, Dept Biol, Huntington, WV 25755 USA.
EM paulconstantino@gmail.com
RI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/I-3503-2016;
OI Hartstone-Rose, Adam/0000-0001-5307-5573; Talebi , Mauricio
/0000-0001-6783-2715
FU National Science Foundation; National Research Council; George
Washington University
FX Grant sponsors: National Science Foundation, National Research Council,
George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund.
NR 60
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-9483
J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL
JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 148
IS 2
BP 171
EP 177
DI 10.1002/ajpa.21576
PG 7
WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 945CF
UT WOS:000304249700003
PM 22610893
ER
PT J
AU Hoffmayer, ER
Hendon, JM
Parsons, GR
AF Hoffmayer, Eric R.
Hendon, Jill M.
Parsons, Glenn R.
TI Seasonal modulation in the secondary stress response of a carcharhinid
shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE
PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Physiological Stress Response in Elasmobranch Fishes/26th
Annual Meeting of the American-Elasmobranch-Society
CY JUL 10-11, 2010
CL Providence, RI
SP Amer Elasmobranch Soc
DE Glucose; Hematocrit; Lactate; Osmolality; Seasonal; Shark; Stress
ID ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK; GILL-NET CAPTURE; GULF-OF-MEXICO;
RAINBOW-TROUT; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS;
POSTRELEASE SURVIVORSHIP; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS;
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
AB Some animals have the ability to modulate their stress response depending on the type and duration of the stressor. Modulations can initiate behavioral changes that increase fitness during the stressful period. The goal of this study was to determine if Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, exhibit seasonal modulations in their secondary stress parameters. Mature, male Atlantic sharpnose sharks were acutely stressed and serially sampled for one-hour, during spring, summer, and fall. An elevated stress response was observed for plasma glucose, lactate and osmolality during summer compared to spring and fall. Glucose also exhibited elevated initial concentrations, followed by a linear response during summer; varying from the asymptotic response during spring and fall. Hematocrit did not show differences over time or season; however, the power of the analysis was low due to the small sample size. When an additional 120 samples were included in the analysis, significantly higher initial hematocrit values were found during summer. Based on these results we suggest that summer is a demanding time for Atlantic sharpnose sharks. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Parsons, Glenn R.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, University, MS 38677 USA.
[Hendon, Jill M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
RP Hoffmayer, ER (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA.
EM eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov
NR 71
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1095-6433
EI 1531-4332
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 162
IS 2
BP 81
EP 87
DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.002
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology
GA 946ED
UT WOS:000304333400003
PM 21596154
ER
PT J
AU Nanninga, NE
Levy, YS
Drexler, ES
Condon, RT
Stevenson, AE
Slifka, AJ
AF Nanninga, N. E.
Levy, Y. S.
Drexler, E. S.
Condon, R. T.
Stevenson, A. E.
Slifka, A. J.
TI Comparison of hydrogen embrittlement in three pipeline steels in high
pressure gaseous hydrogen environments
SO CORROSION SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Steel; Hydrogen embrittlement
ID CRACKING; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRESS; X52
AB The tensile properties of X52, X65, and X100 pipeline steels have been measured in a high-pressure (13.8 MPa) hydrogen gas environment. Significant decreases in elongation at failure and reduction of area were observed when testing in hydrogen as compared with air, and those changes were accompanied by noticeable changes in fracture morphology. In addition to baseline characterization of the effects of strength and microstructure on the X52, X65, and X100 alloys, the influence of strain rate and hydrogen gas pressure was studied for only the X100 alloy. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Nanninga, N. E.; Levy, Y. S.; Drexler, E. S.; Condon, R. T.; Stevenson, A. E.; Slifka, A. J.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), 325 Broadway,M-S 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Andrew.slifka@nist.gov
FU Department of Transportation [DTPH56-09-T-00005]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge funding for this program from the
Department of Transportation, DTPH56-09-T-00005.
NR 30
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 20
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0010-938X
J9 CORROS SCI
JI Corrosion Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 59
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.01.028
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 946FU
UT WOS:000304337700001
ER
PT J
AU Wu, H
Zhou, W
Pinkerton, FE
Udovic, TJ
Yildirim, T
Rush, JJ
AF Wu, Hui
Zhou, Wei
Pinkerton, Frederick E.
Udovic, Terrence J.
Yildirim, Taner
Rush, John J.
TI Metal hydrazinoborane LiN2H3BH3 and LiN2H3BH3 center dot 2N(2)H(4)BH(3):
crystal structures and high-extent dehydrogenation
SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID AMMONIA-BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; AMIDOBORANES;
RELEASE; LITHIUM
AB The first example of metal hydrazinoborane, LiN2H3BH3, and its hydrazine borane adduct LiN2H3BH3 center dot 2N(2)H(4)BH(3) were synthesized with their crystal structures successfully determined. The metal hydrazinoboranes exhibit dramatically improved dehydrogenation over the pristine hydrazine borane (N2H4BH3) with nearly complete dehydrogenation in a mild temperature range (50-225 degrees C) and high purity of H-2 release.
C1 [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Yildirim, Taner; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pinkerton, Frederick E.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA.
[Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Wu, H (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM huiwu@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617;
FU DOE-EERE [DE-EE0002978]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]
FX This work is partially supported by the DOE-EERE grant no. DE-EE0002978
(T.J.U.) and DOE-BES grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (T.Y.).
NR 24
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U1 2
U2 36
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1754-5692
J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI
JI Energy Environ. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 6
BP 7531
EP 7535
DI 10.1039/c2ee21508j
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical;
Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 946MD
UT WOS:000304354900022
ER
PT J
AU Keller, JM
Ngai, L
McNeill, JB
Wood, LD
Stewart, KR
O'Connell, SG
Kucklick, JR
AF Keller, Jennifer M.
Ngai, Lily
McNeill, Joanne Braun
Wood, Lawrence D.
Stewart, Kelly R.
O'Connell, Steven G.
Kucklick, John R.
TI Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in plasma of five sea turtle species:
Comparisons in concentration and potential health risks
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine turtles; Reptiles; Environmental pollutants; Trophic
magnification; Persistent organic pollutants
ID POTASSIUM PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE K+PFOS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS;
LACTATIONAL EXPOSURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARETTA-CARETTA; UNITED-STATES;
FOOD-WEB; SULFONATE; RAT; LOGGERHEAD
AB The authors compared blood plasma concentrations of 13 perfluoroalkyl contaminants (PFCs) in five sea turtle species with differing trophic levels. Wild sea turtles were blood sampled from the southeastern region of the United States, and plasma was analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the predominant PFC, increased with trophic level from herbivorous greens (2.41?ng/g), jellyfish-eating leatherbacks (3.95?ng/g), omnivorous loggerheads (6.47?ng/g), to crab-eating Kemp's ridleys (15.7?ng/g). However, spongivorous hawksbills had surprisingly high concentrations of PFOS (11.9?ng/g) and other PFCs based on their trophic level. These baseline concentrations of biomagnifying PFCs demonstrate interesting species and geographical differences. The measured PFOS concentrations were compared with concentrations known to cause toxic effects in laboratory animals, and estimated margins of safety (EMOS) were calculated. Small EMOS (<100), suggestive of potential risk of adverse health effects, were observed for all five sea turtle species for immunosuppression. Estimated margins of safety less than 100 were also observed for liver, thyroid, and neurobehavorial effects for the more highly exposed species. These baseline concentrations and the preliminary EMOS exercise provide a better understanding of the potential health risks of PFCs for conservation managers to protect these threatened and endangered species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:12231230. (c) 2012 SETAC
C1 [Keller, Jennifer M.; O'Connell, Steven G.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Ngai, Lily; O'Connell, Steven G.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA.
[McNeill, Joanne Braun] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Wood, Lawrence D.] Loggerhead Marinelife Ctr, Juno Beach, FL USA.
[Stewart, Kelly R.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM Jennifer.Keller@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0552828]; Department of Defense ASSURE
FX This paper was based on work supported by the National Science
Foundation Award DBI-0552828 and the Department of Defense ASSURE
Program. We thank L. Avens for helping with sample collection. Certain
commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
article to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available
for the purpose.
NR 33
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Z9 7
U1 3
U2 47
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 31
IS 6
BP 1223
EP 1230
DI 10.1002/etc.1818
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 943UL
UT WOS:000304150700008
PM 22447337
ER
PT J
AU Deroba, JJ
Bence, JR
AF Deroba, Jonathan J.
Bence, James R.
TI Evaluating harvest control rules for lake whitefish in the Great Lakes:
Accounting for variable life-history traits
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Simulation; Control rules; Management strategy evaluation; Lake
whitefish; Great Lakes
ID MANAGEMENT REFERENCE POINTS; COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS;
FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; MICHIGAN; POLICIES; STOCKS; FISH;
POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE
AB Few studies have evaluated the performance of harvest control rules while considering uncertainties in life history traits and the management process. We conducted such a study using an age-structured simulation based on lake whitefish in the Great Lakes. The control rules compared were a constant fishing mortality (constantF), conditional constant catch (CCC), biomass-based (BB), and constantF and BB with a 15% limit on the interannual change in the target catch (constantF-lim, BB-lim, respectively). Our application of the CCC and BB rules was conditioned on having reliable estimates of some reference point (e.g., unfished biomass). With appropriate policy parameters, the BB and constantF rules attained higher average yield and spawning stock biomass than other control rules. At yields that could be achieved by all rules, the CCC, constantF-lim, and BB-lim rules had the lowest yearly variability in yield, but at the cost of more frequent low biomass. The relative performance of the control rules was generally consistent with previous research that did not include the variation in life history traits unique to our simulations, which suggested that these variable traits did not affect relative control rule performance. The BB rule achieved more yield and less risk of low biomass than the constantF rule currently used for lake whitefish, with only a modest increase in yield variability. Given that the BB rule requires a stock-specific estimate of unfished biomass, and the constantF rule does not, this result suggests that reliable estimates of unfished biomass could provide substantial value. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Deroba, Jonathan J.; Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Deroba, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jonathan.deroba@noaa.gov; bence@msu.edu
RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017
OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X
FU MDNR; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F80-R, Study 230713]
FX We are grateful to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
and Chippewa-Ottawa Resource Authority personnel who collected and
provided data for this project. We thank the Modeling Subcommittee of
1836 Treaty Waters and personnel at the Quantitative Fisheries Center
and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Michigan State University
for commenting on presentations related to this research. We would
especially like to thank Mark Ebener for his insights on characteristics
of lake whitefish and the associated fishery. Ty Wagner, Gretchen
Hansen, Melissa Mata, Brian Linton, Jean Tsao, Mike Jones, Bill Taylor,
and Brian Irwin provided discussions and advice that aided this
research. Members of the Appleknockers Fish and Game Club were early
inspirations for this work. Funding for this project was provided by the
MDNR and by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under Federal Aid in
Sport Fish Restoration Program (F80-R, Study 230713). This manuscript is
publication 2012-01 of the Quantitative Fisheries Center at Michigan
State University.
NR 44
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U1 1
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 121
BP 88
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.01.015
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 944RY
UT WOS:000304222700010
ER
PT J
AU Farrell, SL
Kurtz, N
Connor, LN
Elder, BC
Leuschen, C
Markus, T
McAdoo, DC
Panzer, B
Richter-Menge, J
Sonntag, JG
AF Farrell, Sinead Louise
Kurtz, Nathan
Connor, Laurence N.
Elder, Bruce C.
Leuschen, Carlton
Markus, Thorsten
McAdoo, David C.
Panzer, Ben
Richter-Menge, Jacqueline
Sonntag, John G.
TI A First Assessment of IceBridge Snow and Ice Thickness Data Over Arctic
Sea Ice
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Altimetry; geophysical measurement techniques; remote sensing; sea ice;
snow
ID LASER ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE LASER; RADAR MEASUREMENTS; DEPTH;
VARIABILITY; VALIDATION; CAMPAIGN; SHEBA
AB We present a first assessment of airborne laser and radar altimeter data over snow-covered sea ice, gathered during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Operation IceBridge Mission. We describe a new technique designed to process radar echograms fromthe University of Kansas snow radar to estimate snow depth. We combine IceBridge laser altimetry with radar-derived snow depths to determine sea ice thickness. Results are validated through comparison with direct measurements of snow and ice thickness collected in situ at the Danish GreenArc 2009 sea ice camp located on fast ice north of Greenland. The IceBridge instrument suite provides accurate measurements of snow and ice thickness, particularly over level ice. Mean IceBridge snow and ice thickness agree with in situ measurements to within similar to 0.01 and similar to 0.05 m, respectively, while modal snow and ice thickness estimates agree to within 0.02 and 0.10 m, respectively. IceBridge snow depths were correlated with in situ measurements (R = 0.7, for an averaging length of 55 m). The uncertainty associated with the derived IceBridge sea ice thickness estimates is 0.40 m. The results demonstrate the retrieval of both first-year and multiyear ice thickness from IceBridge data. The airborne data were however compromised in heavily ridged ice where snow depth, and hence ice thickness, could not be measured. Techniques developed as part of this study will be used for routine processing of IceBridge retrievals over Arctic sea ice. The limitations of the GreenArc study are discussed, and recommendations for future validation of airborne measurements via field activities are provided.
C1 [Farrell, Sinead Louise] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Kurtz, Nathan] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Kurtz, Nathan; Markus, Thorsten] NASA, Hydrospher & Biospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Connor, Laurence N.; McAdoo, David C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Satellite Oceanog & Climatol Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Elder, Bruce C.; Richter-Menge, Jacqueline] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Leuschen, Carlton; Panzer, Ben] Univ Kansas, Ctr Remote Sensing Ice Sheets, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Sonntag, John G.] URS Corp, NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA.
RP Farrell, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM sineadf@umd.edu; nathan.t.kurtz@nasa.gov; laurence.connor@noaa.gov;
Bruce.C.Elder@usace.army.mil; leuschen@cresis.ku.edu;
thorsten.markus@nasa.gov; dave.mcadoo@noaa.gov; bpanzer@ku.edu;
Jacqueline.A.Richter-Menge@usace.army.mil; john.g.sonntag@nasa.gov
RI Connor, Laurence/E-7930-2011; Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; McAdoo,
Dave/F-5612-2010
OI Connor, Laurence/0000-0002-5276-6257; Farrell,
Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564
FU NOAA; NASA
FX This work was supported by NOAA, and the NASA Cryospheric Sciences
Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are
those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position,
policy, or decision.
NR 34
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U1 4
U2 34
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 6
BP 2098
EP 2111
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2170843
PG 14
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 945AZ
UT WOS:000304246500002
ER
PT J
AU Gladkova, I
Grossberg, MD
Shahriar, F
Bonev, G
Romanov, P
AF Gladkova, Irina
Grossberg, Michael D.
Shahriar, Fazlul
Bonev, George
Romanov, Peter
TI Quantitative Restoration for MODIS Band 6 on Aqua
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Aqua; band 6; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS);
restoration; stripping
ID FIELDS
AB Due to the harsh conditions of space, the detectors within satellite-based multispectral imagers are always at risk of damage or failure. In particular, 15 out of the 20 detectors that produce the 1.6-mu m band 6 of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua are either dead or noisy. In this paper, we describe a quantitative image restoration (QIR) algorithm that is able to accurately estimate and restore the data lost due to multiple-detector failure. The small number of functioning detectors is used to train a restoration function that is based on a multivariate regression using the information in a spatial-spectral window around each restored pixel. The information from other spectral bands allows QIR to perform well even when standard image interpolation breaks down due to large contiguous sections of the image being missing, as is the case for MODIS band 6 on Aqua. We present a comprehensive evaluation of the QIR algorithm by simulating the Aqua damage using the working 1.6-mu m band of MODIS on Terra and then comparing the QIR restoration to the original (unbroken) Terra image. We also compare our results with other researchers' prior work that has been based on the assumption that band 6 could be approximated well solely as a function of the related band 7. We present empirical evidence that there is information in the other 500- and 250-m bands, excluding bands 6 and 7, that can inform the estimation of missing band 6 data. We demonstrate superior performance of QIR over previous algorithms as reflected by a reduced root-mean-square-error evaluation. The QIR algorithm may also be adapted to other cases and provides a powerful and general algorithm to mitigate the risks of detector damage in multispectral remote sensing.
C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Grossberg, Michael D.; Romanov, Peter] CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Shahriar, Fazlul; Bonev, George] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA.
RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu; grossberg@cs.ccny.cuny.edu;
fshahriar@gc.cuny.edu; gbonev@gc.cuny.edu; Peter.Romanov@noaa.gov
RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010
OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307
FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration [DG133E07CQ0077]
FX This work was supported in part by the Center for Satellite Applications
and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under Grant
DG133E07CQ0077. The views, opinions, and findings in this paper are
those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA
and/or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 13
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U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 6
BP 2409
EP 2416
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2173499
PG 8
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 945AZ
UT WOS:000304246500025
ER
PT J
AU Swanson, CA
Zimmermann, MB
Skeaff, S
Pearce, EN
Dwyer, JT
Trumbo, PR
Zehaluk, C
Andrews, KW
Carriquiry, A
Caldwel, KL
Egan, SK
Long, SE
Bailey, RL
Sullivan, KM
Holden, JM
Betz, JM
Phinney, KW
Brooks, SPJ
Johnson, CL
Haggans, CJ
AF Swanson, Christine A.
Zimmermann, Michael B.
Skeaff, Sheila
Pearce, Elizabeth N.
Dwyer, Johanna T.
Trumbo, Paula R.
Zehaluk, Christina
Andrews, Karen W.
Carriquiry, Alicia
Caldwel, Kathleen L.
Egan, S. Kathleen
Long, Stephen E.
Bailey, Regan Lucas
Sullivan, Kevin M.
Holden, Joanne M.
Betz, Joseph M.
Phinney, Karen W.
Brooks, Stephen P. J.
Johnson, Clifford L.
Haggans, Carol J.
TI Summary of an NIH Workshop to Identify Research Needs to Improve the
Monitoring of Iodine Status in the United States and to Inform the DRI
SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
ID URINARY IODINE; THYROID-FUNCTION; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PREGNANT-WOMEN;
IODIZED SALT; BREAST-MILK; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DOUBLE-BLIND; DEFICIENCY;
NUTRITION
AB The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the NIH sponsored a workshop on May 12-13, 2011, to bring together representatives from various NIH institutes and centers as a first step in developing an NIH iodine research initiative. The workshop also provided an opportunity to identify research needs that would inform the dietary reference intakes for iodine, which were last revised in 2001. Iodine is required throughout the life cycle, but pregnant women and infants are the populations most at risk of deficiency, because iodine is required for normal brain development and growth. The CDC monitors iodine status of the population on a regular basis, but the status of the most vulnerable populations remains uncertain. The NIH funds very little investigator-initiated research relevant to iodine and human nutrition, but the ODS has worked for several years with a number of other U.S. government agencies to develop many of the resources needed to conduct iodine research of high quality (e.g., validated analytical methods and reference materials for multiple types of samples). Iodine experts, scientists from several U.S. government agencies, and NIH representatives met for 2 d to identify iodine research needs appropriate to the NIH mission. J. Nutr. 142: 1175S-1185S, 2012.
C1 [Swanson, Christine A.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Bailey, Regan Lucas; Betz, Joseph M.; Haggans, Carol J.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Zimmermann, Michael B.] ETH, Inst Food & Nutr, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Skeaff, Sheila] Univ Otago, Dept Human Nutr, Dunedin, New Zealand.
[Pearce, Elizabeth N.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Evans Ctr Interdisciplinary Biomed Res, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
[Trumbo, Paula R.; Egan, S. Kathleen] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA.
[Zehaluk, Christina; Brooks, Stephen P. J.] Hlth Canada, Bur Nutr Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
[Andrews, Karen W.; Holden, Joanne M.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Carriquiry, Alicia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA.
[Caldwel, Kathleen L.; Sullivan, Kevin M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
[Long, Stephen E.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Johnson, Clifford L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
RP Swanson, CA (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM swansonc@od.nih.gov
RI Zimmermann, Michael/C-3062-2016;
OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769
FU NIH Office of Dietary Supplements
FX Published in a supplement to The Journal of Nutrition. Presented at the
Office of Dietary Supplements Iodine Workshop, held in Rockville,
Maryland, May 12-13, 2011. The workshop was organized and sponsored by
the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Its contents are solely the
responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
official views of the NIH or other government agencies. The views
expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the Supplement
Coordinator or Guest Editors. The Supplement Coordinator for this
supplement was Christine A. Swanson, Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH.
Supplement Coordinator disclosures: Christine A. Swanson had no
conflicts to disclose. This supplement is the responsibility of the
Guest Editor to whom the Editor of The Journal of Nutrition has
delegated supervision of both technical conformity to the published
regulations of The Journal of Nutrition and general oversight of the
scientific merit of each article. The Guest Editor for this supplement
was A. Catharine Ross, Guest Editor disclosure: A. Catharine Ross had no
conflicts to disclose. Publication costs for this supplement were
defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This publication must
therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 USC
section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The opinions expressed in
this publication are those of the authors and are not attributable to
the sponsors or the publisher, Editor, or Editorial Board of The Journal
of Nutrition.
NR 92
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U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-3166
J9 J NUTR
JI J. Nutr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 142
IS 6
BP 1175S
EP 1185S
DI 10.3945/jn.111.156448
PG 11
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 946EY
UT WOS:000304335500030
PM 22551802
ER
PT J
AU Jordan, SP
Lee, KSM
Preskill, J
AF Jordan, Stephen P.
Lee, Keith S. M.
Preskill, John
TI Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Field Theories
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MATRIX MULTIPLICATION; SCATTERING MATRIX; OPTICAL LATTICES; TRAPPED
IONS; MODELS; SIMULATIONS; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS; PHYSICS; MASS
AB Quantum field theory reconciles quantum mechanics and special relativity, and plays a central role in many areas of physics. We developed a quantum algorithm to compute relativistic scattering probabilities in a massive quantum field theory with quartic self-interactions (phi(4) theory) in spacetime of four and fewer dimensions. Its run time is polynomial in the number of particles, their energy, and the desired precision, and applies at both weak and strong coupling. In the strong-coupling and high-precision regimes, our quantum algorithm achieves exponential speedup over the fastest known classical algorithm.
C1 [Jordan, Stephen P.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Keith S. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Preskill, John] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stephen.jordan@nist.gov
FU NSF [PHY-0803371, PHY-0854782]; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-FG03-92-ER40701]; NSA/Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0442];
Sherman Fairchild Foundation
FX We thank A. Gorshkov for helpful discussions. Supported by NSF grant
PHY-0803371, U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and
NSA/Army Research Office grant W911NF-09-1-0442. Much of this work was
done while S.P.J. was at the Institute for Quantum Information (IQI),
Caltech, supported by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation. K. S. M. L. was
supported in part by NSF grant PHY-0854782. He is grateful for the
hospitality of the IQI, Caltech, during parts of this work.
NR 38
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 336
IS 6085
BP 1130
EP 1133
DI 10.1126/science.1217069
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 950KK
UT WOS:000304647900041
PM 22654052
ER
PT J
AU Nadon, MO
Baum, JK
Williams, ID
McPherson, JM
Zgliczynski, BJ
Richards, BL
Schroeder, RE
Brainard, RE
AF Nadon, Marc O.
Baum, Julia K.
Williams, Ivor D.
McPherson, Jana M.
Zgliczynski, Brian J.
Richards, Benjamin L.
Schroeder, Robert E.
Brainard, Russell E.
TI Re-Creating Missing Population Baselines for Pacific Reef Sharks
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE coral reefs; hierarchical model; marine macroecology; predators; species
distribution modeling
ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; CORAL-REEFS; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FISHERY;
MOVEMENT; PATTERNS; DECLINES; COLLAPSE; ATLANTIC
AB Sharks and other large predators are scarce on most coral reefs, but studies of their historical ecology provide qualitative evidence that predators were once numerous in these ecosystems. Quantifying density of sharks in the absence of humans (baseline) is, however, hindered by a paucity of pertinent time-series data. Recently researchers have used underwater visual surveys, primarily of limited spatial extent or nonstandard design, to infer negative associations between reef shark abundance and human populations. We analyzed data from 1607 towed-diver surveys (>1 ha transects surveyed by observers towed behind a boat) conducted at 46 reefs in the central-western Pacific Ocean, reefs that included some of the world's most pristine coral reefs. Estimates of shark density from towed-diver surveys were substantially lower (<10%) than published estimates from surveys along small transects (<0.02 ha), which is not consistent with inverted biomass pyramids (predator biomass greater than prey biomass) reported by other researchers for pristine reefs. We examined the relation between the density of reef sharks observed in towed-diver surveys and human population in models that accounted for the influence of oceanic primary productivity, sea surface temperature, reef area, and reef physical complexity. We used these models to estimate the density of sharks in the absence of humans. Densities of gray reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos), whitetip reef sharks (Triaenodon obesus), and the group all reef sharks increased substantially as human population decreased and as primary productivity and minimum sea surface temperature (or reef area, which was highly correlated with temperature) increased. Simulated baseline densities of reef sharks under the absence of humans were 1.12.4/ha for the main Hawaiian Islands, 1.22.4/ha for inhabited islands of American Samoa, and 0.92.1/ha for inhabited islands in the Mariana Archipelago, which suggests that density of reef sharks has declined to 310% of baseline levels in these areas.
C1 [Nadon, Marc O.; Williams, Ivor D.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Nadon, Marc O.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Nadon, Marc O.; Williams, Ivor D.; Richards, Benjamin L.; Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Baum, Julia K.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, NCEAS, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
[McPherson, Jana M.] Calgary Zool Soc, Ctr Conservat Res, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada.
[McPherson, Jana M.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Zgliczynski, Brian J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Schroeder, Robert E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Nadon, MO (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM marc.nadon@noaa.gov
FU University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric
Research; NOAA; NOAA/National Science Foundation [OCE 10-41712]; NSERC
(Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council); Smith Conservation
Research Fellowship; Schmidt Ocean Institute Fellowship; Lenfest Ocean
Program
FX This work was part of an interdisciplinary effort by the NOAA (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Pacific Islands Fisheries
Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division. Substantial support was
provided by scientists of the University of Hawaii Joint Institute for
Marine and Atmospheric Research. We thank J. Laughlin, S. Holzwarth, S.
Charette, K. Lino, M. Ferguson, B. DeJoseph, and others who assisted
with data gathering. We also thank the officers and crews of the NOAA
ships Hi'ialakai and Oscar Elton Sette for logistic support and field
assistance. Funding for surveys (as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment
and Monitoring Program [RAMP]) was provided by NOAA's Coral Reef
Conservation Program. Further funding was provided by the NOAA/National
Science Foundation CAMEO project (OCE 10-41712), NSERC (Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council) postdoctoral fellowships to J.K.B. and
J.M.M., a Smith Conservation Research Fellowship and a Schmidt Ocean
Institute Fellowship to J.K.B., and a Lenfest Ocean Program grant to
J.M.M. J. Helyer, W. Harford, E. Babcock, S. Smith, J. Ault, A. MacNeil,
T. McClanahan, E. Fleishman, and 3 anonymous referees provided many
helpful comments.
NR 44
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U1 4
U2 78
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 3
BP 493
EP 503
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01835.x
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 943PA
UT WOS:000304135300013
PM 22536842
ER
PT J
AU Patel, VM
Wu, T
Biswas, S
Phillips, PJ
Chellappa, R
AF Patel, Vishal M.
Wu, Tao
Biswas, Soma
Phillips, P. Jonathon
Chellappa, Rama
TI Dictionary-Based Face Recognition Under Variable Lighting and Pose
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Biometrics; dictionary learning; face recognition; illumination
variation; outlier rejection
ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION; ILLUMINATION; EIGENFACES; MODELS; IMAGE
AB We present a face recognition algorithm based on simultaneous sparse approximations under varying illumination and pose. A dictionary is learned for each class based on given training examples which minimizes the representation error with a sparseness constraint. A novel test image is projected onto the span of the atoms in each learned dictionary. The resulting residual vectors are then used for classification. To handle variations in lighting conditions and pose, an image relighting technique based on pose-robust albedo estimation is used to generate multiple frontal images of the same person with variable lighting. As a result, the proposed algorithm has the ability to recognize human faces with high accuracy even when only a single or a very few images per person are provided for training. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated using publicly available databases and it is shown that this method is efficient and can perform significantly better than many competitive face recognition algorithms.
C1 [Patel, Vishal M.; Wu, Tao; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Patel, Vishal M.; Wu, Tao; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Ctr Automat Res, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Biswas, Soma] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Patel, VM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu; taowu@umiacs.umd.edu; sbiswas@nd.edu;
jonathon@nist.gov; rama@umiacs.umd.edu
FU NIST [70NANB11H023]; MURI from the Office of Naval Research
[N00014-1-08-0638]; Federal Bureau of Investigation
FX The work of V. M. Patel, T. Wu, and R. Chellappa was supported in part
by a Cooperative Agreement 70NANB11H023 from NIST and a MURI grant from
the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-1-08-0638. The work of
P. J. Phillips was supported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The
associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and
approving it for publication was Dr. Fabio Scotti.
NR 49
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U1 1
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1556-6013
J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC
JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 3
BP 954
EP 965
DI 10.1109/TIFS.2012.2189205
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 943AA
UT WOS:000304091600009
ER
PT J
AU Whitney, NM
Robbins, WD
Schultz, JK
Bowen, BW
Holland, KN
AF Whitney, Nicholas M.
Robbins, William D.
Schultz, Jennifer K.
Bowen, Brian W.
Holland, Kim N.
TI Oceanic dispersal in a sedentary reef shark (Triaenodon obesus): genetic
evidence for extensive connectivity without a pelagic larval stage
SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Control region; dispersal; East Pacific Barrier; elasmobranch;
Indo-Pacific Barrier; marine biogeography; marine fish; mtDNA;
phylogeography
ID INDO-WEST PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY;
GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA;
RHINCODON-TYPUS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; TISSUE SAMPLES; BLACKTIP SHARK
AB Aim Most reef fishes are site-attached, but can maintain a broad distribution through their highly dispersive larval stage. The whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) is site-attached, yet maintains the largest Indo-Pacific distribution of any reef shark while lacking the larval stage of bony (teleost) fishes. Here we use mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to evaluate the enigma of the sedentary reef shark that maintains a distribution across two-thirds of the planet. Location Tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods We analysed 1025 base pairs of the mtDNA control region in 310 individuals from 25 locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses were used to reveal the dispersal and recent evolutionary history of the species. Results We resolved 15 mtDNA control region haplotypes, but two comprised 87% of the specimens and were detected at nearly every location. Similar to other sharks, genetic diversity was low (h = 0.550 +/- 0.0254 and p = 0.00213 +/- 0.00131). Spatial analyses of genetic variation demonstrated strong isolation across the Indo-Pacific Barrier and between western and central Pacific locations. Pairwise FST comparisons indicated high connectivity among archipelagos of the central Pacific but isolation across short distances of contiguous habitat (Great Barrier Reef) and intermittent habitat (Hawaiian Archipelago). In the eastern Pacific only a single haplotype (the most common one in the central Pacific) was observed, indicating recent dispersal (or colonization) across the East Pacific Barrier. Main conclusions The shallow haplotype network indicates recent expansion of modern populations within the last half million years from a common ancestor. Based on the distribution of mtDNA diversity, this began with an Indo-West Pacific centre of origin, with subsequent dispersal to the Central Pacific and East Pacific. Genetic differences between Indian and Pacific Ocean populations are consistent with Pleistocene closures of the Indo-Pacific Barrier associated with glacial cycles. Pairwise population comparisons reveal weak but significant isolation by distance, and notably do not indicate the high coastal connectivity observed in other shark species. The finding of population structure among semi-contiguous habitats, but population connectivity among archipelagos, may indicate a previously unsuspected oceanic dispersal behaviour in whitetip reef sharks.
C1 [Whitney, Nicholas M.; Schultz, Jennifer K.; Bowen, Brian W.; Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA.
[Whitney, Nicholas M.; Schultz, Jennifer K.; Bowen, Brian W.; Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA.
[Robbins, William D.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Robbins, William D.] Wildlife Marine, Perth, WA 6020, Australia.
[Schultz, Jennifer K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Whitney, NM (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34203 USA.
EM nwhitney@mote.org
OI Robbins, William/0000-0003-1106-1733
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0453167, OCE-0929031]; University
of Hawaii [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-04-42]; Budweiser/National Fish and
Wildlife Conservation; Professional Association of Dive Instructors
(PADI); American Museum of Natural History; University of Hawaii Arts
and Sciences Advisory Council; Pritzker Foundation; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [R/FM-16PD]; University of Hawaii Sea
Grant College; SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of
Commerce [NA09OAR4170060]; Australian Academy of Science; Australian
Coral Reef Society; Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; CRC Reef
FX We are grateful to those who helped with sample collection, particularly
H. Whitney, M. Rivera, L. Schutt, M. Silver and N. Silver, J. Trotta, D.
Kushner, J. O'Malley, J. Mahon, A. Schwanke, P. Fienne, S. Foulger, J.
Young and V. Young, R. Kosaki, C. Meyer, T. TinHan, M. Burns, J. Dale,
Y. Papastamatiou and numerous others. T. S. Daly-Engel, J. D. DiBattista
and J. A. Eble provided valuable comments on earlier versions of the
manuscript. We also thank D. Bellwood and three anonymous referees for
comments that greatly improved the manuscript. B. Groark generously
provided the shark image used in Fig. 1. This project was funded by a
National Science Foundation (NSF) predoctoral fellowship to N.M.W. and
additional NSF funding to B.W.B. (OCE-0453167 and OCE-0929031), the
University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program (UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-04-42),
Budweiser/National Fish and Wildlife Conservation Scholarship program,
Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI) Project AWARE,
American Museum of Natural History Lerner-Gray grant, the University of
Hawaii Arts and Sciences Advisory Council, and the Pritzker Foundation.
This work was also funded in part by a grant/cooperative agreement from
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Project
R/FM-16PD, which is sponsored by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant
College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No. NA09OAR4170060
from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. The views
expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Funding to W. D. R.
was provided by the Australian Academy of Science, the Australian Coral
Reef Society, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and CRC Reef.
This is contribution no. 1472 from the Hawaii Institute of Marine
Biology, no. 8510 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and
Technology and no. JC-04-42 from the University of Hawaii Sea Grant
Program.
NR 83
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U1 2
U2 71
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0305-0270
J9 J BIOGEOGR
JI J. Biogeogr.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 6
BP 1144
EP 1156
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02660.x
PG 13
WC Ecology; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 943QG
UT WOS:000304139100012
ER
PT J
AU Fellmuth, B
Wolber, L
Head, DI
Hermier, Y
Hill, KD
Nakano, T
Pavese, F
Peruzzi, A
Rusby, RL
Shkraba, V
Steele, AG
Steur, PPM
Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A
Tew, WL
Wang, L
White, DR
AF Fellmuth, B.
Wolber, L.
Head, D. I.
Hermier, Y.
Hill, K. D.
Nakano, T.
Pavese, F.
Peruzzi, A.
Rusby, R. L.
Shkraba, V.
Steele, A. G.
Steur, P. P. M.
Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.
Tew, W. L.
Wang, L.
White, D. R.
TI Investigation of low-temperature fixed points by an international star
intercomparison of sealed triple-point cells
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; REALIZATION; ITS-90; NEON
AB An overview of the results of an international star intercomparison of low-temperature fixed points is given. Between 1997 and 2005, 68 sealed triple-point cells (STPCs) of the twelve laboratories represented by the authors were investigated at PTB. The STPCs are used to realize the triple points of hydrogen, neon, oxygen and argon as defining fixed points of the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90. The melting curves (MCs) of all STPCs have been measured on the same experimental equipment, adhering strictly to a single measurement program. This protocol enables separation of the effects influencing the MCs and direct comparison of the thermal behaviour of the STPCs, which are quite different with respect to design, age, gas source and filling technology. In the paper, special emphasis is given to the spread of the liquidus-point temperatures and to the uncertainty of their determination. Connections between the star intercomparison and completed and ongoing international activities are also discussed.
C1 [Fellmuth, B.; Wolber, L.] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[Head, D. I.; Rusby, R. L.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England.
[Hermier, Y.] CNAM, INM, LNE, Paris, France.
[Hill, K. D.; Steele, A. G.] NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Nakano, T.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Pavese, F.; Steur, P. P. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy.
[Peruzzi, A.] VSL, Delft, Netherlands.
[Shkraba, V.] VNIIFTRI, Mendeleyevsk, Moscow Region, Russia.
[Szmyrka-Grzebyk, A.] Polish Acad Sci, INTiBS, Wroclaw, Poland.
[Tew, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, L.] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[White, D. R.] MSL, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
RP Fellmuth, B (reprint author), PTB, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
OI Pavese, Franco/0000-0001-9261-6862
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 3
BP 257
EP 265
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/257
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 941CY
UT WOS:000303941900012
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CM
Jan, HN
Iyer, HK
AF Wang, C. M.
Jan Hannig
Iyer, Hari K.
TI Pivotal methods in the propagation of distributions
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
AB We propose a method for assigning a probability distribution to an input quantity. The distribution is used in a Monte Carlo method described in Supplement 1 to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement for uncertainty evaluation. The proposed method provides an alternative to other methods, such as the principle of maximum entropy and Bayesian procedure that were used in Supplement 1 for the same purpose. The method is based on an exact or approximate pivotal quantity and is easily applied. We use several examples from commonly known models to illustrate the implementation of the proposed approach.
C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jan Hannig] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Wang, CM (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [0707037, 1007543]
FX Hannig and Iyer's research was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under Grant No 0707037 and 1007543. This work is a
contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and
is not subject to copyright in the United States.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 3
BP 382
EP 389
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/382
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 941CY
UT WOS:000303941900026
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, NF
AF Zhang, Nien Fan
TI Statistical analysis for interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends
in multiple loops
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID KEY COMPARISONS
AB A statistical analysis for interlaboratory comparisons with linear trends in multiple loops is proposed. This approach can be applied to comparisons with multiple artefacts in multiple loops. The uncertainties for the comparison reference values and the degrees of equivalence are also provided. As an example, the approach is applied to the SIM.EM-S2 Energy Comparison.
C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zhang, NF (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 3
BP 390
EP 394
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/49/3/390
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 941CY
UT WOS:000303941900027
ER
PT J
AU Huckstadt, LA
Koch, PL
McDonald, BI
Goebel, ME
Crocker, DE
Costa, DP
AF Hueckstaedt, L. A.
Koch, P. L.
McDonald, B. I.
Goebel, M. E.
Crocker, D. E.
Costa, D. P.
TI Stable isotope analyses reveal individual variability in the trophic
ecology of a top marine predator, the southern elephant seal
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Mirounga leonina; Foraging strategies; delta C-13; delta N-15; Telemetry
ID ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; FORAGING STRATEGIES; JUVENILE
SOUTHERN; KERGUELEN ISLANDS; DIET; CARBON; OCEAN; SPECIALIZATION;
NITROGEN
AB Identifying individuals' foraging strategies is critical to understanding the ecology of a species, and can provide the means to predict possible ecological responses to environmental change. Our study combines stable isotope analysis and satellite telemetry to study the variability in individual foraging strategies of adult female southern elephant seals (). Our hypothesis is that female elephant seals from the Western Antarctica Peninsula (WAP) display individual specialization in their diets. We captured adult female elephant seals ( = 56, 2005-2009) at Livingston Island (Antarctica), and instrumented them with SMRU-CTD satellite tags. We collected blood, fur, and vibrissae samples for delta C-13 and delta N-15 analyses. The mean values for all vibrissae were -21.0 +/- A 0.7aEuro degrees for delta C-13, and 10.4 +/- A 0.8aEuro degrees, for delta N-15. The individual variability of delta C-13 (60%) was more important than the within-individual variability (40%) in explaining the total variance observed in our data. For delta N-15, the results showed the opposite trend, with the within-individual variability (64%) contributing more to the total variance than the individual variability (36%), likely associated with the effect that the fasting periods have on delta N-15 values. Most individuals were specialists, as inferred from the low intra-individual variability of delta C-13 values with respect to the population variability, with half the individuals utilizing 31% or less of their available niche. We found eight different foraging strategies for these animals. Female elephant seals from the WAP are a diverse group of predators with individuals utilizing only a small portion of the total available niche, with the consequent potential to expand their foraging habits to exploit other resources or environments in the Southern Ocean.
C1 [Hueckstaedt, L. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Koch, P. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[McDonald, B. I.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Goebel, M. E.] NOAA, Antarctica Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Crocker, D. E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
[Costa, D. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Huckstadt, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM lahuckst@ucsc.edu
RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010
FU NSF [ANT-0840375, ANT-0440687, ANT-0523332, ANT-0838937]; NOPP
[N00014-05-1-0645]; Marine Mammal Commission; Friends of Long Marine
Lab; CDELSI-UCSC; Fulbright-CONICYT (Chile)
FX We thank S. Simmons, K. Goetz, B. Nickel, B. Walker, J. Lehman, L.
Roland, S. Kim, D. Andreasen, A-L. Harrison, N. Teutschel, S. Peterson
and Cape Shirreff field crews (2005-2009) for assisting with collection
and analysis of the data. US-AMLR program, NSF, USAP, and Raytheon Polar
Services provided logistic support. Funding was provided by NSF
(ANT-0840375, ANT-0440687, ANT-0523332 and ANT-0838937), NOPP
(N00014-05-1-0645), Marine Mammal Commission, Friends of Long Marine
Lab, and CDELSI-UCSC. L.A.H.'s doctoral studies were supported by
Fulbright-CONICYT (Chile).
NR 53
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 52
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 169
IS 2
BP 395
EP 406
DI 10.1007/s00442-011-2202-y
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 943ZJ
UT WOS:000304166600011
PM 22139429
ER
PT J
AU McCraney, WT
Saski, CA
Guyon, JR
AF McCraney, W. Tyler
Saski, Christopher A.
Guyon, Jeffrey R.
TI Isolation and characterization of 12 microsatellites for the
commercially important sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Anoplopoma fimbria; Erilepis zonifer; Microsatellites;
Sablefish; Skilfish
AB Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, are long-lived, highly migratory, bathydemersal, commercially important fishes that inhabit continental slope waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we describe 12 microsatellite loci developed for sablefish, and cross-species amplification in skilfish, Erilepis zonifer. Microsatellites were developed from one sablefish and characterized using 55 juveniles collected in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 27 per locus, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.074 to 0.964. There was no significant evidence for linkage disequilibrium or departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Ten of the 12 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified in skilfish. These new microsatellites were developed for use in sablefish fishery management and conservation applications including selecting broodstock for aquaculture operations and defining population boundaries for stock assessments.
C1 [McCraney, W. Tyler; Guyon, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Saski, Christopher A.] Clemson Univ, Genom Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP McCraney, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Tyler.McCraney@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's Aquaculture and Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment (MESA)
FX Funding was provided by NOAA's Aquaculture and Marine Ecology and Stock
Assessment (MESA) programs. We thank Hanhvan Nguyen for assisting with
DNA extractions and crews of the R/V Medeia and F/V Ocean Prowler for
samples. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National
Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 2
BP 415
EP 417
DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9563-8
PG 3
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 935QZ
UT WOS:000303536400050
ER
PT J
AU Lavretsky, P
Truong, TM
McGowin, AE
Balazs, GH
Peters, JL
AF Lavretsky, Philip
Truong, Triet M.
McGowin, Audrey E.
Balazs, George H.
Peters, Jeffrey L.
TI New primers reveal the presence of a duplicate histone H3 in the marine
turtle leech Ozobranchus branchiatus
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozobranchus branchiatus; Fibropapillomatosis; Histone H3; Primers; Gene
duplication; Chelonia mydas
ID PHYLOGENY; VARIANTS; MOLLUSCA; VECTOR; GENES
AB Marine leeches, specific to sea turtles, have been implicated as potential vector organisms in the spread of fibropapillomatosis (FP), a pandemic neoplastic disease with Chelonia mydas having the highest affliction rate. Polymerase chain reaction identified two independent, seemingly functional histone H3 loci for marine turtle leeches Ozobranchus branchiatus collected from C. mydas in Florida and Hawaii. Primers were developed to amplify each product separately. Among the two loci, sequence differentiation (I broken vertical bar (ST) ) ranged from 0.161 to 0.182 with identical amino acid translations among the 22 samples. A maximum parsimony tree of GenBank histone H3 sequences from annelids indicated the gene duplication occurred within the Ozobranchidae family. Geographically separated populations yielded I broken vertical bar (ST) values of 0.004-0.005 but were phylogenetically distinctive. These novel markers will be useful in identifying ectoparasites in FP research, evaluating other histone variants, and chromatin dynamics regulation studies.
C1 [Lavretsky, Philip; Peters, Jeffrey L.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
[Truong, Triet M.; McGowin, Audrey E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
[Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP McGowin, AE (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
EM audrey.mcgowin@wright.edu
RI Peters, Jeffrey/I-5116-2012
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 2
BP 487
EP 490
DI 10.1007/s12686-011-9581-6
PG 4
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 935QZ
UT WOS:000303536400067
ER
PT J
AU Weir, MD
Moreau, JL
Levine, ED
Strassler, HE
Chow, LC
Xu, HHK
AF Weir, Michael D.
Moreau, Jennifer L.
Levine, Eric D.
Strassler, Howard E.
Chow, Laurence C.
Xu, Hockin H. K.
TI Nanocomposite containing CaF2 nanoparticles: Thermal cycling, wear and
long-term water-aging
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dental nanocomposite; CaF2 nanoparticles; Mechanical properties; Thermal
cycling; Three-body wear; Water-aging
ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; FLUORIDE RELEASE; RESIN-COMPOSITES; RESTORATIVE
MATERIALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENTAL APPLICATIONS; CALCIUM-FLUORIDE;
SHRINKAGE-STRESS; CARIES FORMATION; STRENGTH
AB Objectives. Fluoride (F) releasing dental restoratives are promising to promote remineralization and combat caries. The objectives of this study were to develop nanocomposite containing calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF(2)), and to investigate the long-term mechanical durability including wear, thermal-cycling and long-term water-aging behavior.
Methods. Two types of fillers were used: nCaF(2) with a diameter of 53 nm, and glass particles of 1.4 mu m. Four composites were fabricated with fillers of: (1) 0% nCaF(2) + 65% glass; (2) 10% nCaF(2) + 55% glass; (3) 20% nCaF(2) + 45% glass; (4) 30% nCaF(2) + 35% glass. Three commercial materials were also tested. Specimens were subjected to thermal-cycling between 5 degrees C and 60 degrees C for 10(5) cycles, three-body wear for 4 x 10(5) cycles, and water-aging for 2 years.
Results. After thermal-cycling, the nCaF(2) nanocomposites had flexural strengths in the range of 100-150 MPa, five times higher than the 20-30 MPa for resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). The wear scar depth showed an increasing trend with increasing nCaF(2) filler level. Wear of nCaF(2) nanocomposites was within the range of wear for commercial controls. Water-aging decreased the strength of all materials. At 2 years, flexural strength was 94 MPa for nanocomposite with 10% nCaF(2), 60 MPa with 20% nCaF(2), and 48 MPa with 30% nCaF(2). They are 3-6 fold higher than the 15 MPa for RMGI (p < 0.05). SEM revealed air bubbles and cracks in a RMGI, while composite control and nCaF(2) nanocomposites appeared dense and solid.
Significance. Combining nCaF(2) with glass particles yielded nanocomposites with long-term mechanical properties that were comparable to those of a commercial composite with little F release, and much better than those of RMGI controls. These strong long-term properties, together with their F release being comparable to RMGI as previously reported, indicate that the nCaF(2) nanocomposites are promising for load-bearing and caries-inhibiting restorations. (c) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Weir, Michael D.; Moreau, Jennifer L.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM hxu@umaryland.edu
RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013
OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787
FU NIH [R01DE14190, R01DE17974]; University of Maryland School of Dentistry
FX We gratefully thank Dr. L. Sun, Dr. G. E. Schumacker, Kathleen Hoffman,
and A. A. Giuseppetti of the American Dental Association Foundation for
discussions and experimental assistance. We acknowledge the technical
support of the Core Imaging Facility of the University of Maryland
Baltimore. We are grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA) and Dr. Sibel
Antonson at Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY) for donating the materials.
This study was supported by NIH R01DE14190 and R01DE17974 (HX) and the
University of Maryland School of Dentistry.
NR 51
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 6
BP 642
EP 652
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.007
PG 11
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 937OG
UT WOS:000303667200009
PM 22429937
ER
PT J
AU Suh, S
Lippiatt, BC
AF Suh, Sangwon
Lippiatt, Barbara C.
TI Framework for hybrid life cycle inventory databases: a case study on the
Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) database
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE BEES; Building industry; Hybrid; Input-output; LCI database
ID RED MEAT PRODUCTION; MODEL; COMMODITIES; IMPACTS
AB In an effort to develop a whole building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is transforming new bottom-up Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability (BEES) data into a hybrid database in which the strengths of both bottom-up and top-down approaches can be combined. The objective of this paper is to describe the framework and the process under which the hybrid BEES database is being built, with an emphasis on its accounting structure. This paper can support other efforts to build hybrid Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases.
The BEES hybridization utilizes the most detailed supply and use tables (SUTs)-known as item-level data-focusing particularly on the construction sectors. First, the partial SUTs at the item level are constructed and connected to standard SUTs that describe the rest of the economy, which is then followed by balancing and "redefinition." Second, item-level environmental data are compiled and then also balanced and redefined, which completes the compilation of the bi-resolution SUTs with environmental data. Third, the bi-resolution SUTs are integrated with the BEES data that have been converted into matrix form. Because the completely rolled out BEES technology matrix involves a significant number of products, the integration prioritizes the product groups that are potentially the most significant contributors to the LCIA results for buildings.
This step-by-step procedure will enable the creation of a hybridized BEES database, combining the strengths of both the bottom-up, process-based data and the top-down, input-output data with enhanced resolution. The benefit of hybridization at the database level-as opposed to at the individual LCA study level-is that whole-building LCA users can adopt the hybrid BEES approach, with its benefit of a more complete system definition, without the training or effort that would be required to construct a hybrid system from scratch. In addition, reformulation of new BEES data into a matrix structure better facilitates the parametric LCA application that is central to NIST's vision to develop a tool for assessing the sustainability performance of energy technologies and systems in an integrated building design context.
There are currently a number of initiatives being organized to implement a hybrid approach at the LCI database level. In laying out the methodological framework for efficiently transforming an existing LCI database into a hybrid database, this paper can support future development of hybrid LCI databases.
C1 [Suh, Sangwon] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Lippiatt, Barbara C.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Suh, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, 3422 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM suh@bren.ucsb.edu
RI Suh, Sangwon/E-2019-2011
OI Suh, Sangwon/0000-0001-8290-6276
NR 39
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 20
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0948-3349
J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS
JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 17
IS 5
BP 604
EP 612
DI 10.1007/s11367-012-0393-z
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 940KA
UT WOS:000303887200008
ER
PT J
AU Torres, JJ
Grigsby, MD
Clarke, ME
AF Torres, Joseph J.
Grigsby, Michelle D.
Clarke, M. Elizabeth
TI Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in oxygen minimum layer fishes: the
role of alcohol dehydrogenase
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE oxygen minimum; mesopelagic fishes; enzyme activity; alcohol
dehydrogenase
ID ANTARCTIC MESOPELAGIC FISHES; PENINSULA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; MYSID
GNATHOPHAUSIA-INGENS; ARABIAN-SEA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MIDWATER
FISHES; LACTATE METABOLISM; ENERGY-METABOLISM; SCORPAENID FISHES;
PREDATION IMPACT
AB Zones of minimum oxygen form at intermediate depth in all the world's oceans as a result of global circulation patterns that keep the water at oceanic mid-depths out of contact with the atmosphere for hundreds of years. In areas where primary production is very high, the microbial oxidation of sinking organic matter results in very low oxygen concentrations at mid-depths. Such is the case with the Arabian Sea, with O-2 concentrations reaching zero at 200 m and remaining very low (<0.1 ml O(2)l(-1)) for hundreds of meters below this depth, and in the California borderland, where oxygen levels reach 0.2 ml O(2)l(-1) at 700 m with severely hypoxic (<1.0 ml O(2)l(-1)) waters at depths 300 m above and below that. Despite the very low oxygen, mesopelagic fishes (primarily lanternfishes: Mytophidae) inhabiting the Arabian Sea and California borderland perform a daily vertical migration into the low-oxygen layer, spending daylight hours in the oxygen minimum zone and migrating upward into normoxic waters at night. To find out how fishes were able to survive their daily sojourns into the minimum zone, we tested the activity of four enzymes, one (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) that served as a proxy for anaerobic glycolysis with a conventional lactate endpoint, a second (citrate synthase, CS) that is indicative of aerobic metabolism, a third (malate dehydrogenase) that functions in the Krebs' cycle and as a bridge linking mitochondrion and cytosol, and a fourth (alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH) that catalyzes the final reaction in a pathway where pyruvate is reduced to ethanol. Ethanol is a metabolic product easily excreted by fish, preventing lactate accumulation. The ADH pathway is rarely very active in vertebrate muscle; activity has previously been seen only in goldfish and other cyprinids capable of prolonged anaerobiosis. Activity of the enzyme suite in Arabian Sea and California fishes was compared with that of ecological analogs in the same family and with the same lifestyle but living in systems with much higher oxygen concentrations: the Gulf of Mexico and the Southern Ocean. ADH activities in the Arabian Sea fishes were similar to those of goldfish, far higher than those of confamilials from the less severe minimum in the Gulf of Mexico, suggesting that the Arabian Sea fishes are capable of exploiting the novel ethanol endpoint to become competent anaerobes. In turn, the fishes of California exhibited a higher ADH activity than their Antarctic relatives. It was concluded that ADH activity is more widespread in fishes than previously believed and that it may play a role in allowing vertically migrating fishes to exploit the safe haven afforded by severe oxygen minima.
C1 [Torres, Joseph J.; Grigsby, Michelle D.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Clarke, M. Elizabeth] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Torres, JJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM jjtorres@usf.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OPP 9910100, OCE 0727883]
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation [grant
number OPP 9910100 and OCE 0727883 to J.J.T.].
NR 68
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 36
PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL,
CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-0949
J9 J EXP BIOL
JI J. Exp. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 215
IS 11
BP 1905
EP 1914
DI 10.1242/jeb.060236
PG 10
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 939RP
UT WOS:000303831800021
PM 22573769
ER
PT J
AU Dobbs, M
Aubin, F
de Haan, T
Hanany, S
Harrington, N
Holzapfel, W
Hubmayr, J
Lee, A
Lueker, M
Macdermid, K
Smecher, G
AF Dobbs, M.
Aubin, F.
de Haan, T.
Hanany, S.
Harrington, N.
Holzapfel, W.
Hubmayr, J.
Lee, A.
Lueker, M.
Macdermid, K.
Smecher, G.
TI Digital Frequency Multiplexer for TES Detectors-Path to Flight
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Readout multiplexing; Transition edge sensor; Space astronomy
ID READOUT; ARRAYS
AB Frequency-domain multiplexing has been used for reading out similar to 1000 detectors on the APEX-SZ and South Pole Telescope receiver for half a decade and produced many high-impact science papers. A new digital FPGA-based backend reduces the power consumption and system-size by an order of magnitude. This Digital Frequency-domain Multiplexer (DfMUX) was operated successfully in a space-like environment during the stratospheric balloon test-flight of the EBEX polarimeter, saw first light on the POLARBEAR experiment in 2010, and will be deployed for the South Pole Telescope polarimeter and ASTE sub-mm continuum camera. We are presently developing a new generation DfMUX targeting a factor 5 lower power consumption and robustness for satellite platforms. The system will incorporate new technology for identifying and correcting radiation induced errors in the FPGA logic, higher bandwidth to accommodate a multiplexing factor of 64, and Digital Active Nulling (DAN) feedback. DAN linearizes the SQUID system response while dramatically reducing its input impedance.
C1 [Dobbs, M.; Aubin, F.; de Haan, T.; Macdermid, K.; Smecher, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Hanany, S.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Lueker, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hubmayr, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lueker, M.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Smecher, G.] Three Speed Log, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
RP Dobbs, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
EM Matt.Dobbs@McGill.ca
RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015
FU Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Canadian Foundation
for Innovation; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Canada Research
Chairs program; National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612,
AST-0618398]; NASA [NNX08AG40G, NNX07AP36H]
FX The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Canadian Space Agency,
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canadian Institute
for Advanced Research, and Canadian Foundation for Innovation. M. D.
acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship and
Canada Research Chairs program. The South Pole Telescope is a National
Science Foundation funded project through grants ANT-0638937 and
ANT-0130612. EBEX is a NASA supported mission through grant numbers
NNX08AG40G and NNX07AP36H. The Polarbear project is funded by the
National Science Foundation under grant AST-0618398.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 568
EP 574
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0470-5
PN 2
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600002
ER
PT J
AU Alpert, BK
Doriese, WB
Fowler, JW
Ullom, JN
AF Alpert, Bradley K.
Doriese, W. Bertrand
Fowler, Joseph W.
Ullom, Joel N.
TI Predicted Energy Resolution of a Running-Sum Algorithm for
Microcalorimeters
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Filter algorithms; High-rate processing; Microcalorimeter; Uncertainty
AB The energy resolution of a high-pulse-rate filtering algorithm recently introduced by Hui Tan et al., based on running sums of TES microcalorimeter output streams, is predicted from average pulse shape and noise autocovariance. We compare with empirical resolution, and with optimal filtering predicted and empirical resolution, for a Fe-55 source measured by multiplexed 2x4, 2x8, and 2x12 arrays of microcalorimeters.
C1 [Alpert, Bradley K.; Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, Joseph W.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Alpert, BK (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM alpert@boulder.nist.gov
NR 5
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 582
EP 587
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0441-2
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600004
ER
PT J
AU Irwin, KD
Cho, HM
Doriese, WB
Fowler, JW
Hilton, GC
Niemack, MD
Reintsema, CD
Schmidt, DR
Ullom, JN
Vale, LR
AF Irwin, K. D.
Cho, H. M.
Doriese, W. B.
Fowler, J. W.
Hilton, G. C.
Niemack, M. D.
Reintsema, C. D.
Schmidt, D. R.
Ullom, J. N.
Vale, L. R.
TI Advanced Code-Division Multiplexers for Superconducting Detector Arrays
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Superconducting transition-edge sensors; SQUID multiplexers
ID SENSORS
AB Multiplexers based on the modulation of superconducting quantum interference devices are now regularly used in multi-kilopixel arrays of superconducting detectors for astrophysics, cosmology, and materials analysis. Over the next decade, much larger arrays will be needed. These larger arrays require new modulation techniques and compact multiplexer elements that fit within each pixel. We present a new in-focal-plane code-division multiplexer that provides multiplexing elements with the required scalability. This code-division multiplexer uses compact lithographic modulation elements that simultaneously multiplex both signal outputs and superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) detector bias voltages. It eliminates the shunt resistor used to voltage bias TES detectors, greatly reduces power dissipation, allows different dc bias voltages for each TES, and makes all elements sufficiently compact to fit inside the detector pixel area. These in-focal plane code-division multiplexers can be combined with multi-GHz readout based on superconducting microresonators to scale to even larger arrays.
C1 [Irwin, K. D.; Cho, H. M.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Niemack, M. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J. W.; Niemack, M. D.; Schmidt, D. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Irwin, KD (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM irwin@nist.gov
FU NASA [NNG09WF27I]
FX We acknowledge support from NASA under grant NNG09WF27I.
NR 12
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 588
EP 594
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0586-7
PN 2
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600005
ER
PT J
AU Doriese, WB
Alpert, BK
Fowler, JW
Hilton, GC
Hojem, AS
Irwin, KD
Reintsema, CD
Schmidt, DR
Stiehl, GM
Swetz, DS
Ullom, JN
Vale, LR
AF Doriese, W. B.
Alpert, B. K.
Fowler, J. W.
Hilton, G. C.
Hojem, A. S.
Irwin, K. D.
Reintsema, C. D.
Schmidt, D. R.
Stiehl, G. M.
Swetz, D. S.
Ullom, J. N.
Vale, L. R.
TI Optimization of the TES-Bias Circuit for a Multiplexed Microcalorimeter
Array
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE SQUID multiplexer; Transition-edge sensor; X-ray microcalorimeter
AB A transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter's shunt resistor (R (sh)) and thermal conductance to the cryogenic bath (G) are often considered to be interchangeable knobs with which to control detector speed. Indeed, for otherwise-identical TES-parameter models, there are many combinations of R (sh) and G that give the same decay time-constant (tau (crit)). However, our previous work showed that with time- or code-division-multiplexed readout, the distribution of signal-to-noise ratio with frequency, which depends strongly on R (sh) and G, is just as important as tau (crit). Here, we present a set of calculations to select the optimal values of R (sh) and G, given a linear TES model and count-rate and energy-resolution requirements. Lower G and lower R (sh) make multiplexing easier. Our calculations also determine the allowed combination of SQUID-readout noise (S (I broken vertical bar) ) and multiplexer row-period (t (row)) and row-count (N (rows)). Recent improvements to S (I broken vertical bar) and t (row) in the NIST time-division-multiplexing architecture have allowed a NIST eight-pixel TES array to be read out with 2.70 eV (full-width at half-maximum) average energy resolution at 6 keV. The improvements make the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer co-proposed by NASA and NIST for ESA's Athena X-ray observatory straightforwardly achievable, including engineering margin, with N (rows)=16.
C1 [Doriese, W. B.; Alpert, B. K.; Fowler, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Hojem, A. S.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Stiehl, G. M.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Doriese, WB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM doriese@boulder.nist.gov
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 595
EP 601
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0509-7
PN 2
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600006
ER
PT J
AU Mates, JAB
Irwin, KD
Vale, LR
Hilton, GC
Gao, J
Lehnert, KW
AF Mates, J. A. B.
Irwin, K. D.
Vale, L. R.
Hilton, G. C.
Gao, J.
Lehnert, K. W.
TI Flux-Ramp Modulation for SQUID Multiplexing
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Flux-ramp modulation; Linearity; SQUID; Two-level systems
AB SQUIDs are typically operated in a flux-locked loop to linearize their response to input flux. However, a flux-locked loop is not possible with a microwave SQUID multiplexer. We describe an alternative technique called flux-ramp modulation and report its successful implementation.
C1 [Mates, J. A. B.; Irwin, K. D.; Vale, L. R.; Hilton, G. C.; Gao, J.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Mates, JAB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mates@colorado.edu
RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009
OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649
FU NASA [NNH05AB771]
FX We acknowledge support from NASA under Contract No. NNH05AB771.
NR 7
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 707
EP 712
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0518-6
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600023
ER
PT J
AU Fowler, JW
Doriese, WB
Hilton, G
Irwin, K
Schmidt, D
Stiehl, G
Swetz, D
Ullom, JN
Vale, L
AF Fowler, J. W.
Doriese, W. B.
Hilton, G.
Irwin, K.
Schmidt, D.
Stiehl, G.
Swetz, D.
Ullom, J. N.
Vale, L.
TI Optimization and Analysis of Code-Division Multiplexed TES
Microcalorimeters
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE SQUID multiplexers; Transition edge sensors
ID SENSORS; ARRAYS
AB We are developing code-division multiplexing (CDM) systems for TES arrays with the goal of reaching multiplexing factors in the hundreds. We report on x-ray measurements made with a four-channel prototype CDM system that employs a flux-summing architecture, emphasizing data-analysis issues. We describe an empirical method to determine the demodulation matrix that minimizes cross-talk. This CDM system achieves energy resolutions of between 2.3 eV and 3.0 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV.
C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Schmidt, D.; Stiehl, G.; Swetz, D.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L.] NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM joe.fowler@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 713
EP 720
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0463-4
PN 2
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600024
ER
PT J
AU Bleem, L
Ade, P
Aird, K
Austermann, J
Beall, J
Becker, D
Benson, B
Britton, J
Carlstrom, J
Chang, CL
Cho, H
de Haan, T
Crawford, T
Crites, A
Datesman, A
Dobbs, M
Everett, W
Ewall-Wice, A
George, E
Halverson, N
Harrington, N
Henning, J
Hilton, G
Holzapfel, W
Hoover, S
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, K
Keisler, R
Kennedy, J
Lee, A
Leitch, E
Li, D
Lueker, M
Marrone, DP
McMahon, J
Mehl, J
Meyer, S
Montgomery, J
Montroy, T
Natoli, T
Nibarger, J
Niemack, M
Novosad, V
Padin, S
Pryke, C
Reichardt, C
Ruhl, J
Saliwanchik, B
Sayre, J
Schafer, K
Shirokoff, E
Story, K
Vanderlinde, K
Vieira, J
Wang, G
Williamson, R
Yefremenko, V
Yoon, KW
Young, E
AF Bleem, L.
Ade, P.
Aird, K.
Austermann, J.
Beall, J.
Becker, D.
Benson, B.
Britton, J.
Carlstrom, J.
Chang, C. L.
Cho, H.
de Haan, T.
Crawford, T.
Crites, A.
Datesman, A.
Dobbs, M.
Everett, W.
Ewall-Wice, A.
George, E.
Halverson, N.
Harrington, N.
Henning, J.
Hilton, G.
Holzapfel, W.
Hoover, S.
Hubmayr, J.
Irwin, K.
Keisler, R.
Kennedy, J.
Lee, A.
Leitch, E.
Li, D.
Lueker, M.
Marrone, D. P.
McMahon, J.
Mehl, J.
Meyer, S.
Montgomery, J.
Montroy, T.
Natoli, T.
Nibarger, J.
Niemack, M.
Novosad, V.
Padin, S.
Pryke, C.
Reichardt, C.
Ruhl, J.
Saliwanchik, B.
Sayre, J.
Schafer, K.
Shirokoff, E.
Story, K.
Vanderlinde, K.
Vieira, J.
Wang, G.
Williamson, R.
Yefremenko, V.
Yoon, K. W.
Young, E.
TI An Overview of the SPTpol Experiment
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Polarimetry; Transition-edge sensors; Bolometers; Cosmic microwave
background; Cosmology
ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; GALAXY CLUSTERS; POLARIZATION
AB In 2012 the South Pole Telescope (SPT) will begin a 625 deg(2) survey to measure the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Observations of the CMB B-mode angular power spectrum will be used to search for the large angular scale signal induced by inflationary gravitational waves. Additionally, the B-mode spectrum will enable a measurement of the neutrino mass through the gravitational lensing of the CMB. The new 780 pixel polarization-sensitive camera is composed of two different detector architectures and will map the sky at two frequencies. At 150 GHz, the camera consists of arrays of corrugated feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeters fabricated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). At 90 GHz, we use individually packaged dual-polarization absorber-coupled polarimeters developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Each 90 GHz pixel couples to the telescope through machined contoured feedhorns. The entire focal plane is read out using a digital frequency-domain multiplexer system. We discuss the design and goals of this experiment and provide a description of the detectors.
C1 [Bleem, L.; Aird, K.; Benson, B.; Carlstrom, J.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T.; Crites, A.; Everett, W.; Ewall-Wice, A.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
[Austermann, J.; Halverson, N.; Henning, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Carlstrom, J.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[George, E.; Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Reichardt, C.; Young, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Montroy, T.; Ruhl, J.; Saliwanchik, B.; Sayre, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Schafer, K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA.
[Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Bleem, L (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM bleeml@uchicago.edu
RI Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Williamson,
Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015
OI Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347;
Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt,
Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; /0000-0002-0086-7363; Williamson,
Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975;
FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937, ANT-0130612]; NSF Physics
Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada; Quebec Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies;
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NIST; Office of Science and
Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DEAC02-06CH11357]
FX The South Pole Telescope is supported by the National Science Foundation
through grants ANT-0638937 and ANT-0130612. Partial support is also
provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the
Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago,
the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The
McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Quebec Fonds de recherche
sur la nature et les technologies, and the Canadian Institute for
Advanced Research. Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in
Measurement Science program. The work at Argonne National Laboratory,
including the use of facility at the Center for Nanoscale Materials
(CNM), was supported by Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy
Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No.
DEAC02-06CH11357. Technical support from Nanofabrication Group at the
CNM, Argonne National Laboratory, under User Proposal #164 and #467, is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 859
EP 864
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0505-y
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600046
ER
PT J
AU Chang, CL
Ade, P
Aird, K
Austermann, J
Beall, J
Becker, D
Benson, B
Bleem, L
Britton, J
Carlstrom, J
Cho, H
de Haan, T
Crawford, T
Crites, A
Datesman, A
Dobbs, M
Everett, W
Ewall-Wice, A
George, E
Halverson, N
Harrington, N
Henning, J
Hilton, G
Holzapfel, W
Hoover, S
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, K
Keisler, R
Kennedy, J
Lee, A
Leitch, E
Li, D
Lueker, M
Marrone, DP
Mcmahon, J
Mehl, J
Meyer, S
Montgomery, J
Montroy, T
Natoli, T
Nibarger, J
Niemack, M
Novosad, V
Padin, S
Pryke, C
Reichardt, C
Ruhl, J
Saliwanchik, B
Sayre, J
Schafer, K
Shirokoff, E
Story, K
Vanderlinde, K
Vieira, J
Wang, G
Williamson, R
Yefremenko, V
Yoon, KW
Young, E
AF Chang, C. L.
Ade, P.
Aird, K.
Austermann, J.
Beall, J.
Becker, D.
Benson, B.
Bleem, L.
Britton, J.
Carlstrom, J.
Cho, H.
de Haan, T.
Crawford, T.
Crites, A.
Datesman, A.
Dobbs, M.
Everett, W.
Ewall-Wice, A.
George, E.
Halverson, N.
Harrington, N.
Henning, J.
Hilton, G.
Holzapfel, W.
Hoover, S.
Hubmayr, J.
Irwin, K.
Keisler, R.
Kennedy, J.
Lee, A.
Leitch, E.
Li, D.
Lueker, M.
Marrone, D. P.
Mcmahon, J.
Mehl, J.
Meyer, S.
Montgomery, J.
Montroy, T.
Natoli, T.
Nibarger, J.
Niemack, M.
Novosad, V.
Padin, S.
Pryke, C.
Reichardt, C.
Ruhl, J.
Saliwanchik, B.
Sayre, J.
Schafer, K.
Shirokoff, E.
Story, K.
Vanderlinde, K.
Vieira, J.
Wang, G.
Williamson, R.
Yefremenko, V.
Yoon, K. W.
Young, E.
TI Optical and Thermal Properties of ANL/KICP Polarization Sensitive
Bolometers for SPTpol
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Transition edge sensors; Bolometers; CMB
ID ARGONNE/KICP DETECTORS; CMB POLARIZATION; DESIGN; HORN
AB We present recent optical and thermal characterizations of polarization sensitive mm-wave bolometers fabricated at Argonne National Lab. The devices are designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background and consist of a Mo/Au TES suspended on SiN with a Pd-Au dipole absorber. The detector performance is excellent with > 85% co-polar coupling, < 1% cross-polar leakage, 36 GHz optical bandwidth, electrothermal loop gains of approximately 10, and NEP a parts per thousand integral 50 aW Hz(-1/2).
C1 [Chang, C. L.; Aird, K.; Benson, B.; Bleem, L.; Carlstrom, J.; Crawford, T.; Crites, A.; Everett, W.; Ewall-Wice, A.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S.; Montgomery, J.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Chang, C. L.; Carlstrom, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ade, P.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
[Austermann, J.; Halverson, N.; Henning, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Britton, J.; Cho, H.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Datesman, A.; Novosad, V.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[George, E.; Harrington, N.; Holzapfel, W.; Lee, A.; Reichardt, C.; Young, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Mcmahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Montroy, T.; Ruhl, J.; Saliwanchik, B.; Sayre, J.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Schafer, K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA.
[Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM clchang@kicp.uchicago.edu
RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel,
William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015;
OI Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975;
Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347;
Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; /0000-0002-0086-7363
FU NSF [ANT-0638937, PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation; Office of Science (Basic Energy Sciences and High Energy
Physics) of the US Department of Energy
FX Work at the University of Chicago is supported by grants from the NSF
(awards ANT-0638937 and PHY-0114422), the Kavli Foundation, and the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The work at Argonne National
Laboratory, including the use of facility at the Center for Nanoscale
Materials (CNM), was supported by the Office of Science (Basic Energy
Sciences and High Energy Physics) of the US Department of Energy.
Technical support from Nanofabrication Group at the CNM, Argonne
National Laboratory, is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 7
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 12
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 865
EP 871
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0491-0
PN 2
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600047
ER
PT J
AU McMahon, J
Beall, J
Becker, D
Cho, HM
Datta, R
Fox, A
Halverson, N
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, K
Nibarger, J
Niemack, M
Smith, H
AF McMahon, J.
Beall, J.
Becker, D.
Cho, H. M.
Datta, R.
Fox, A.
Halverson, N.
Hubmayr, J.
Irwin, K.
Nibarger, J.
Niemack, M.
Smith, H.
TI Multi-chroic Feed-Horn Coupled TES Polarimeters
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE mm/sub-mm wave bolometers for astronomy; THz applications
ID ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRA; 2003 FLIGHT;
MICROWAVE; GHZ; TEMPERATURE; BOOMERANG
AB Multi-chroic polarization sensitive detectors offer an avenue to increase both the spectral coverage and sensitivity of instruments optimized for observations of the cosmic-microwave background (CMB) or sub-mm sky. We report on an effort to adapt the Truce Collaboration horn coupled bolometric polarimeters for operation over octave bandwidth. Development is focused on detectors operating in both the 90 and 150 GHz bands which offer the highest CMB polarization to foreground ratio. We plan to deploy an array of 256 multi-chroic 90/150 GHz polarimeters with 1024 TES detectors on ACTPol in 2013, and there are proposals to use this technology for balloon-borne instruments. The combination of excellent control of beam systematics and sensitivity make this technology ideal for future ground, ballon, and space missions.
C1 [McMahon, J.; Datta, R.; Smith, H.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Nibarger, J.; Niemack, M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Becker, D.; Fox, A.; Halverson, N.; Hubmayr, J.; Nibarger, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP McMahon, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM jeffmcm@umich.edu
NR 25
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 879
EP 884
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0612-9
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600049
ER
PT J
AU Hubmayr, J
Appel, JW
Austermann, JE
Beall, JA
Becker, D
Benson, BA
Bleem, LE
Carlstrom, JE
Chang, CL
Cho, HM
Crites, AT
Essinger-Hileman, T
Fox, A
George, EM
Halverson, NW
Harrington, NL
Henning, JW
Hilton, GC
Holzapfel, WL
Irwin, KD
Lee, AT
Li, D
McMahon, J
Mehl, J
Natoli, T
Niemack, MD
Newburgh, LB
Nibarger, JP
Parker, LP
Schmitt, BL
Staggs, ST
Van Lanen, J
Wollack, EJ
Yoon, KW
AF Hubmayr, J.
Appel, J. W.
Austermann, J. E.
Beall, J. A.
Becker, D.
Benson, B. A.
Bleem, L. E.
Carlstrom, J. E.
Chang, C. L.
Cho, H. M.
Crites, A. T.
Essinger-Hileman, T.
Fox, A.
George, E. M.
Halverson, N. W.
Harrington, N. L.
Henning, J. W.
Hilton, G. C.
Holzapfel, W. L.
Irwin, K. D.
Lee, A. T.
Li, D.
McMahon, J.
Mehl, J.
Natoli, T.
Niemack, M. D.
Newburgh, L. B.
Nibarger, J. P.
Parker, L. P.
Schmitt, B. L.
Staggs, S. T.
Van Lanen, J.
Wollack, E. J.
Yoon, K. W.
TI An All Silicon Feedhorn-Coupled Focal Plane for Cosmic Microwave
Background Polarimetry
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cosmic microwave background; Polarimeter; Transition edge sensor
ID TES POLARIMETERS; CMB POLARIMETRY
AB Upcoming experiments aim to produce high fidelity polarization maps of the cosmic microwave background. To achieve the required sensitivity, we are developing monolithic, feedhorn-coupled transition edge sensor polarimeter arrays operating at 150 GHz. We describe this focal plane architecture and the current status of this technology, focusing on single-pixel polarimeters being deployed on the Atacama B-mode Search (ABS) and an 84-pixel demonstration feedhorn array backed by four 10-pixel polarimeter arrays. The feedhorn array exhibits symmetric beams, cross-polar response <-23 dB and excellent uniformity across the array. Monolithic polarimeter arrays, including arrays of silicon feedhorns, will be used in the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol) and the South Pole Telescope Polarimeter (SPTpol) and have been proposed for upcoming balloon-borne instruments.
C1 [Hubmayr, J.; Beall, J. A.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Li, D.; Niemack, M. D.; Nibarger, J. P.; Van Lanen, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Newburgh, L. B.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Austermann, J. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crites, A. T.; Mehl, J.; Natoli, T.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[George, E. M.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Schmitt, B. L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard, MD USA.
[Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
RP Hubmayr, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM hubmayr@nist.gov; beckerd@boulder.nist.gov; bleeml@uchicago.edu;
anna.fox@nist.gov; genehilton@gmail.com; irwin@nist.gov;
jeffmcm@umich.edu; niemack@nist.gov; newburgh@princeton.edu;
john.nibarger@nist.gov; bschm@physics.upenn.edu; staggs@princeton.edu;
kiwon@stanford.edu
RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012
OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451
FU NIST; NSF [ANT-0638937, PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty
Moore Foundation; NSF GRFP; NASA NSTRF
FX Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science
program. The University of Chicago is supported by grants from the NSF
(awards ANT-0638937 and PHY-0114422), the Kavli Foundation, and the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. B.L. Schmidt acknowledges support
from NSF GRFP and NASA NSTRF fellowships.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 904
EP 910
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0420-7
PN 2
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600053
ER
PT J
AU Niemack, MD
Beall, J
Becker, D
Cho, HM
Fox, A
Hilton, G
Hubmayr, J
Irwin, K
Li, D
McMahon, J
Nibarger, J
Van Lanen, J
AF Niemack, M. D.
Beall, J.
Becker, D.
Cho, H. -M.
Fox, A.
Hilton, G.
Hubmayr, J.
Irwin, K.
Li, D.
McMahon, J.
Nibarger, J.
Van Lanen, J.
TI Optimizing Feedhorn-Coupled TES Polarimeters for Balloon and Space-Based
CMB Observations
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Balloon; Cosmic microwave background; Feedhorn; Low-frequency noise;
Polarization; Satellite; Transition-Edge Sensor
AB Maximizing the sensitivity of balloon-based and space-based observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) requires detectors with substantially lower saturation power and background noise than ground-based observations, because of reduced atmospheric loading and lower photon noise. We have fabricated and tested prototype transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers that have architecture identical to that used in feedhorn-coupled TES polarimeter arrays developed for ground-based CMB observations, but have saturation power appropriate for balloon-based or space-based observations (0.5 pW-7 pW). The operating resistance of these bolometers (similar to 3 m Omega) is appropriate for readout with time-division or gigahertz frequency-division SQUID multiplexers. Dark bolometer measurements show that the noise levels are near the expected thermal-fluctuation-noise background (< 10(-17) W/Hz(1/2)), that the thermal response times are faster than the observation requirements, and that low-frequency 1/f noise can be strongly suppressed to < 10 mHz by pair differencing. We report on the performance of the prototype devices and progress towards optimizing them for balloon-based and spaced-based observations.
C1 [Niemack, M. D.; Beall, J.; Becker, D.; Cho, H. -M.; Fox, A.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.; Van Lanen, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Niemack, M. D.; Becker, D.; Fox, A.; Hubmayr, J.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Niemack, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM niemack@nist.gov; beckerd@boulder.nist.gov; anna.fox@nist.gov;
genehilton@gmail.com; hubmayr@nist.gov; irwin@nist.gov;
jeffmcm@umich.edu; john.nibarger@nist.gov
FU National Research Council
FX We thank NIST, NASA, and members and supporters of the TRUCE
collaboration. Niemack was supported in part by a National Research
Council Postdoctoral Fellowship.
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 917
EP 922
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0554-2
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600055
ER
PT J
AU Croce, M
Bacrania, M
Bond, E
Dry, D
Moody, WA
Rabin, M
Bennett, D
Hilton, G
Horansky, R
Kotsubo, V
Schmidt, D
Ullom, J
Vale, L
Cantor, R
AF Croce, M.
Bacrania, M.
Bond, E.
Dry, D.
Moody, W. A.
Rabin, M.
Bennett, D.
Hilton, G.
Horansky, R.
Kotsubo, V.
Schmidt, D.
Ullom, J.
Vale, L.
Cantor, R.
TI Ultra-high Resolution Alpha Particle Spectrometry with Transition-Edge
Sensor Microcalorimeters
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Alpha spectrometry; Transition-edge sensor; Microcalorimeter; Nuclear
forensics
AB Alpha particle spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool for nuclear forensics and environmental monitoring. Microcalorimeter detectors have been shown to yield nearly an order of magnitude better energy resolution (1.06 keV FWHM at 5.3 MeV) than current state-of-the-art silicon detectors (8-10 keV FWHM at 5.3 MeV). This superior resolution allows isotopic analysis with a single non-consumptive measurement of samples that contain multiple radioisotopes with overlapping alpha energies. Measurement of such a sample with a silicon detector would require expensive and time-consuming radiochemical separations. We are developing two alpha spectrometer systems with superconducting transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The first system has eight independent detector channels that measure eight different alpha sources, and is optimized for detector development experiments. The second system incorporates a prototype cryogenic load lock that allows for rapid exchange of alpha samples. This paper will present results from these two systems.
C1 [Croce, M.; Bacrania, M.; Bond, E.; Dry, D.; Moody, W. A.; Rabin, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Bennett, D.; Hilton, G.; Horansky, R.; Kotsubo, V.; Schmidt, D.; Ullom, J.; Vale, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cantor, R.] STAR Cryoelect, Santa Fe, NM USA.
RP Croce, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM mpcroce@lanl.gov; rabin@lanl.gov; douglas.bennett@nist.gov;
genehilton@gmail.com; horansky@nist.gov; dan@danschmidt.com;
ullom@boulder.nist.gov; vale@boulder.nist.gov; rcantor@starcryo.com
RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012;
OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Bond, Evelyn/0000-0001-7335-4086
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 11
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 955
EP 960
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0419-0
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600061
ER
PT J
AU Al Kenany, S
Rolla, JA
Godfrey, G
Brink, PL
Seitz, DN
Figueroa-Feliciano, E
Huber, ME
Hines, BA
Irwin, KD
AF Al Kenany, S.
Rolla, Julie A.
Godfrey, Gary
Brink, Paul L.
Seitz, Dennis N.
Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali
Huber, Martin E.
Hines, Bruce A.
Irwin, Kent D.
TI SuperCDMS Cold Hardware Design
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE SuperCDMS; Dark mater; Low temperature detectors; Cold hardware;
Cosmology; Particle astrophysics; LTD-14; Sadoulet group; UC Berkeley;
Cryogenic; Soudan; SNOLab; Phonon; WIMP; Galaxy
AB We discuss the current design of the cold hardware and cold electronics to be used in the upcoming SuperCDMS Soudan deployment. Engineering challenges associated with such concerns as thermal isolation, microphonics, radiopurity, and power dissipation are discussed, along with identifying the design changes necessary for SuperCDMS SNOLAB. The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) employs ultrapure 1-inch thick, 3-inch diameter germanium crystals operating below 50 mK in a dilution cryostat. These detectors give an ionization and phonon signal, which gives us rejection capabilities regarding background events versus dark matter signals.
C1 [Al Kenany, S.; Rolla, Julie A.; Seitz, Dennis N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Godfrey, Gary] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Brink, Paul L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Huber, Martin E.; Hines, Bruce A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Irwin, Kent D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Al Kenany, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM alkenany@berkeley.edu
RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011
FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515,
DC-AC02-07CH11359]; National Science Foundation [0705052, 0902182,
1004714, 0802575]
FX This work is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy grant
DE-AC02-76SF00515, contract No. DC-AC02-07CH11359 and the National
Science Foundation under awards 0705052, 0902182, 1004714, and 0802575.
We give thanks to their ongoing support.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 5-6
BP 1167
EP 1172
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0584-9
PN 2
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 934QY
UT WOS:000303461600093
ER
PT J
AU Stan, G
King, SW
Cook, RF
AF Stan, Gheorghe
King, Sean W.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Nanoscale mapping of contact stiffness and damping by contact resonance
atomic force microscopy
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-MODULUS; FREQUENCY; CANTILEVERS; NANOWIRES;
FILMS
AB In this work, a new procedure is demonstrated to retrieve the conservative and dissipative contributions to contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) measurements from the contact resonance frequency and resonance amplitude. By simultaneously tracking the CR-AFM frequency and amplitude during contact AFM scanning, the contact stiffness and damping were mapped with nanoscale resolution on copper (Cu) interconnects and low-k dielectric materials. A detailed surface mechanical characterization of the two materials and their interfaces was performed in terms of elastic moduli and contact damping coefficients by considering the system dynamics and included contact mechanics. Using Cu as a reference material, the CR-AFM measurements on the patterned structures showed a significant increase in the elastic modulus of the low-k dielectric material compared with that of a blanket pristine film. Such an increase in the elastic modulus suggests an enhancement in the densification of low-k dielectric films during patterning. In addition, the subsurface response of the materials was investigated in load-dependent CR-AFM point measurements and in this way a depth dimension was added to the common CR-AFM surface characterization. With the new proposed measurement procedure and analysis, the present investigation provides new insights into characterization of surface and subsurface mechanical responses of nanoscale structures and the integrity of their interfaces.
C1 [Stan, Gheorghe; Cook, Robert F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[King, Sean W.] Intel Corp, Portland Technol Dev, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA.
RP Stan, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov
NR 37
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 6
U2 34
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 21
AR 215703
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/21/215703
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 939LO
UT WOS:000303812500016
PM 22551825
ER
PT J
AU Alexanderian, A
Winokur, J
Sraj, I
Srinivasan, A
Iskandarani, M
Thacker, WC
Knio, OM
AF Alexanderian, Alen
Winokur, Justin
Sraj, Ihab
Srinivasan, Ashwanth
Iskandarani, Mohamed
Thacker, William C.
Knio, Omar M.
TI Global sensitivity analysis in an ocean general circulation model: a
sparse spectral projection approach
SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ocean circulation model; Parametric uncertainty; Sensitivity analysis;
Polynomial chaos; Sparse quadrature
ID POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS;
VERTICAL COORDINATE; CHEMICAL-SYSTEMS; FLOW SIMULATIONS; SMOLYAK
CUBATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MOMENTUM FLUX; HYCOM
AB Polynomial chaos (PC) expansions are used to propagate parametric uncertainties in ocean global circulation model. The computations focus on short-time, high-resolution simulations of the Gulf of Mexico, using the hybrid coordinate ocean model, with wind stresses corresponding to hurricane Ivan. A sparse quadrature approach is used to determine the PC coefficients which provides a detailed representation of the stochastic model response. The quality of the PC representation is first examined through a systematic refinement of the number of resolution levels. The PC representation of the stochastic model response is then utilized to compute distributions of quantities of interest (QoIs) and to analyze the local and global sensitivity of these QoIs to uncertain parameters. Conclusions are finally drawn regarding limitations of local perturbations and variance-based assessment and concerning potential application of the present methodology to inverse problems and to uncertainty management.
C1 [Knio, Omar M.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Alexanderian, Alen; Winokur, Justin; Sraj, Ihab; Knio, Omar M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Srinivasan, Ashwanth; Iskandarani, Mohamed] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Srinivasan, Ashwanth] Univ Miami, Ctr Computat Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Thacker, William C.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Thacker, William C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Knio, OM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
EM omar.knio@duke.edu
RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013; alexanderian, alen/L-2124-2014;
OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826; Sraj, Ihab/0000-0002-6158-472X
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-101-0498]
FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Award
N00014-101-0498.
NR 50
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1420-0597
EI 1573-1499
J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 16
IS 3
BP 757
EP 778
DI 10.1007/s10596-012-9286-2
PG 22
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 936IJ
UT WOS:000303583800015
ER
PT J
AU Williams, DE
Miller, MW
AF Williams, D. E.
Miller, M. W.
TI Attributing mortality among drivers of population decline in Acropora
palmata in the Florida Keys (USA)
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bleaching; Coral disease; Damselfish; Corallivory; Hurricane damage;
Coralliophila
ID THREATENED CARIBBEAN CORAL; WHITE-BAND DISEASE;
CORALLIOPHILA-ABBREVIATA; CORALLIVOROUS GASTROPOD; REEF COMMUNITIES;
VIRGIN-ISLANDS; ST-CROIX; HURRICANES; CERVICORNIS; RECRUITMENT
AB Acropora palmata populations have experienced steep declines over the past 30 years. Although numerous culprits are recognized, their relative contributions to the decline are poorly quantified, making it difficult to prioritize effective conservation measures. In 2004, a demographic monitoring program was implemented in the Florida Keys (USA), aimed at determining the relative importance of various stressors affecting A. palmata. A subset of randomly selected A. palmata colonies within 15 fore-reef plots was tagged and surveyed three to four times per year over 7 years. Colony size, live tissue, prevalence of disease, snail (Coralliophila abbreviata) predation, physical damage and other conditions were assessed at each survey. The estimated effect of each condition causing recent mortality was ranked, and together, these parameters were used to attribute the population-level tissue loss associated with each condition. In addition, all new colonies in the study plots were counted and assessed annually in order to track trends in total colony count and live tissue abundance. Between 2004 and 2010, the study population has shown more than 50% decline in live area from three main conditions: fragmentation, disease and snail predation. Approximately half of this decline occurred during the catastrophic 2005 hurricane season from which recovery has been minimal. Meanwhile, colony abundance has shown gradual decline throughout the study. Snail predation was the most prevalent condition. However, it ranked third in attributed tissue loss, behind breakage that occurred during the 2005 hurricane season, and disease. Thermal bleaching of A. palmata was not observed during this study. Because mortality continues to outpace recruitment and growth, intervention to ameliorate losses to the more manageable threats including predation and breakage could result in substantial conservation of live tissue, buying time for the abatement of less tractable threats to A. palmata recovery such as climate change and disease.
C1 [Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Williams, D. E.; Miller, M. W.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM dana.williams@noaa.gov
OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359
FU National Undersea Research Center; NOAA; NOAA Fisheries' Southeast
Regional Office, Protected Resources Division
FX This work was funded by National Undersea Research Center (2004-2006),
NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program (2006-2010) and NOAA Fisheries'
Southeast Regional Office, Protected Resources Division and permitted by
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Field assistance from A. Bright,
K. Erickson, C. Fasano, L. Johnston, K. L. Kramer, B. Mason and R.
Wilborn is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Caroline Rogers, Kate Semon
and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this work.
NR 59
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 5
U2 61
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 31
IS 2
BP 369
EP 382
DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0847-y
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 934ND
UT WOS:000303450100007
ER
PT J
AU Mazzola, M
Stone, RS
Herber, A
Tomasi, C
Lupi, A
Vitale, V
Lanconelli, C
Toledano, C
Cachorro, VE
O'Neill, NT
Shiobara, M
Aaltonen, V
Stebel, K
Zielinski, T
Petelski, T
de Galisteo, JPO
Torres, B
Berjon, A
Goloub, P
Li, Z
Blarel, L
Abboud, I
Cuevas, E
Stock, M
Schulz, KH
Virkkula, A
AF Mazzola, M.
Stone, R. S.
Herber, A.
Tomasi, C.
Lupi, A.
Vitale, V.
Lanconelli, C.
Toledano, C.
Cachorro, V. E.
O'Neill, N. T.
Shiobara, M.
Aaltonen, V.
Stebel, K.
Zielinski, T.
Petelski, T.
Ortiz de Galisteo, J. P.
Torres, B.
Berjon, A.
Goloub, P.
Li, Z.
Blarel, L.
Abboud, I.
Cuevas, E.
Stock, M.
Schulz, K. -H.
Virkkula, A.
TI Evaluation of sun photometer capabilities for retrievals of aerosol
optical depth at high latitudes: The POLAR-AOD intercomparison campaigns
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerosol; Polar regions; Sun photometry; Optical depth; Intercomparison;
Calibration
ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; NETWORK; ALGORITHM; AERONET; RADIOMETERS; FIELD
AB Accuracy requirements for aerosol optical depth (ADD) in polar regions are much more stringent than those usually encountered in established sun photometer networks, while comparability of data from different archive centres is a further important issue. Therefore, two intercomparison campaigns were held during spring 2006 at Ny-Alesund (Svalbard) and autumn 2008 at Izana (Tenerife) within the framework of the IPY POLAR-AOD project, with the participation of various research institutions routinely employing different instrument models at Arctic and Antarctic stations. As reported here, a common algorithm was used for data analysis with the aim of minimizing a large part of the discrepancies affecting the previous studies. During the Ny-Alesund campaign, spectral values of AOD derived from measurements taken with different instruments were found to agree, presenting at both 500 nm and 870 nm wavelengths average values of root mean square difference (RMSD) and standard deviation of the difference (SDD) equal to 0.003. Correspondingly, the mean bias difference (MBD) varied mainly between -0.003 and +0.003 at 500 nm, and between -0.004 and +0.003 at 870 nm. During the Izana campaign, which was also intended as an intercalibration opportunity. RMSD and SDD values were estimated to be equal to 0.002 for both channels on average, with MBD ranging between -0.004 and +0.004 at 500 nm and between -0.002 and +0.003 at 870 nm. RMSD and SDD values for Angstrom exponent a were estimated equal to 0.06 during the Ny-Alesund campaign and 0.39 at Izana. The results confirmed that sun photometry is a valid technique for aerosol monitoring in the pristine atmospheric turbidity conditions usually observed at high latitudes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mazzola, M.; Tomasi, C.; Lupi, A.; Vitale, V.; Lanconelli, C.] CNR, ISAC, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Stone, R. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stone, R. S.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Herber, A.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Toledano, C.; Cachorro, V. E.; Ortiz de Galisteo, J. P.; Torres, B.; Berjon, A.] Univ Valladolid, Grp Atmospher Opt, Valladolid, Spain.
[O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, Ctr Applicat & Rech Teledetect, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Shiobara, M.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan.
[Aaltonen, V.; Virkkula, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Stebel, K.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Polar Environm Ctr, Tromso, Norway.
[Zielinski, T.; Petelski, T.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland.
[Ortiz de Galisteo, J. P.] Spanish Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Valladolid, Spain.
[Goloub, P.; Li, Z.; Blarel, L.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, LOA, Lille, France.
[Abboud, I.] Environm Canada, Expt Studies Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Cuevas, E.] Spanish Meteorol Agcy AEMET, Izana Observ, Tenerife, Spain.
[Stock, M.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany.
[Schulz, K. -H.] Dr Schulz & Partner GmbH, Buckow, Germany.
[Virkkula, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland.
RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), CNR, ISAC, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
EM m.mazzola@isac.cnr.it
RI Ortiz-de-Galisteo, Jose Pablo/O-4607-2014; li, zhengqiang/C-5678-2013;
Berjon, Alberto/M-4203-2015; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; Mazzola,
Mauro/K-9376-2016; Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Virkkula,
Aki/B-8575-2014; Stebel, Kerstin/F-6465-2013;
OI Ortiz-de-Galisteo, Jose Pablo/0000-0001-6649-8970; li,
zhengqiang/0000-0002-7795-3630; Berjon, Alberto/0000-0002-4508-7037;
Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292;
Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Stebel,
Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564; Lanconelli, Christian/0000-0002-9545-1255;
Cachorro, Victoria/0000-0002-4627-9444
FU Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) [2006/6.01]; MICINN
[CGL2008-05939-C01/CLI, CGL2009-09740, CGL2009-09480-E]; CANDAC
(Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change); CFCAS
(Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences); CFI
(Canadian Foundation for Innovation); NSERC (National Sciences and
Engineering Research Council); IPY (NSERC); POLAR-AOD
FX The Italian research activity was supported by the Programma Nazionale
di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) and developed as a part of Subproject
2006/6.01: "POLAR-ADD: a network to characterize the means, variability
and trends of the climate-forcing properties of aerosols in polar
regions". The GOA-UVA group was funded by MICINN under projects
CGL2008-05939-C01/CLI, CGL2009-09740 and CGL2009-09480-E. The Canadian
research activity was supported by CANDAC (Canadian Network for the
Detection of Atmospheric Change) and their funding organizations: CFCAS
(Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, CFI (Canadian
Foundation for Innovation), NSERC (National Sciences and Engineering
Research Council) and the IPY (NSERC administered) fund. Polish efforts
were made within a framework of the POLAR-AOD National Grant.
NR 34
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 20
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 52
SI SI
BP 4
EP 17
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.042
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 929XH
UT WOS:000303098500002
ER
PT J
AU Tomasi, C
Lupi, A
Mazzola, M
Stone, RS
Dutton, EG
Herber, A
Radionov, VF
Holben, BN
Sorokin, MG
Sakerin, SM
Terpugova, SA
Sobolewski, PS
Lanconelli, C
Petkov, BH
Busetto, M
Vitale, V
AF Tomasi, Claudio
Lupi, Angelo
Mazzola, Mauro
Stone, Robert S.
Dutton, Ellsworth G.
Herber, Andreas
Radionov, Vladimir F.
Holben, Brent N.
Sorokin, Mikhail G.
Sakerin, Sergey M.
Terpugova, Svetlana A.
Sobolewski, Piotr S.
Lanconelli, Christian
Petkov, Boyan H.
Busetto, Maurizio
Vitale, Vito
TI An update on polar aerosol optical properties using POLAR-AOD and other
measurements performed during the International Polar Year
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Polar aerosol optical depth; Long-term AOD variations; Angstrom exponent
variations; Polar aerosol chemical composition; Polar aerosol radiative
parameters; Arctic haze; Volcanic aerosol effects
ID LONG-TERM DECREASE; ARCTIC HAZE; SOUTH-POLE; BLACK CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC
TURBIDITY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTARCTIC AEROSOL;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; BARROW
AB An updated set of time series of derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom's exponent alpha from a number of Arctic and Antarctic stations was analyzed to determine the long-term variations of these two parameters. The Arctic measurements were performed at Ny-Alesund (1991-2010), Barrow (1977-2010) and some Siberian sites (1981-1991). The data were integrated with Level 2.0 AERONET sun-photometer measurements recorded at Hornsund, Svalbard, and Barrow for recent years, and at Tiksi for the summer 2010. The Antarctic data-set comprises sun-photometer measurements performed at Mirny (1982-2009), Neumayer (1991-2004), and Terra Nova Bay (1987-2005), and at South Pole (1977-2010). Analyses of daily mean AOD were made in the Arctic by (i) adjusting values to eliminate volcanic effects due to the El Chichon, Pinatubo, Kasatochi and Sarychev eruptions, and (ii) selecting the summer background aerosol data from those affected by forest fire smoke. Nearly null values of the long-term variation of summer background AOD were obtained at Ny-Alesund (1991-2010) and at Barrow (1977-2010). No evidence of important variations in AOD was found when comparing the monthly mean values of AOD measured at Tiksi in summer 2010 with those derived from multi-filter actinometer measurements performed in the late 1980s at some Siberian sites. The long-term variations of seasonal mean AOD for Arctic Haze (AH) conditions and AH episode seasonal frequency were also evaluated, finding that these parameters underwent large fluctuations over the 35-year period at Ny-Alesund and Barrow, without presenting well-defined long-term variations. A characterization of chemical composition, complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of ground-level aerosol polydispersions in summer and winter-spring is also presented, based on results mainly found in the literature.
The long-term variation in Antarctic AOD was estimated to be stable, within +/- 0.10% per year, at the three coastal sites, and nearly null at South Pole, where a weak increase was only recently observed, associated with an appreciable decrease in alpha, plausibly due to the formation of thin stratospheric layers of ageing volcanic particles. The main characteristics of chemical composition, complex refractive index and single scattering albedo of Antarctic aerosols are also presented for coastal particles sampled at Neumayer and Terra Nova Bay, and continental particles at South Pole. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tomasi, Claudio; Lupi, Angelo; Mazzola, Mauro; Lanconelli, Christian; Petkov, Boyan H.; Busetto, Maurizio; Vitale, Vito] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
[Stone, Robert S.; Dutton, Ellsworth G.] NOAA, GMD, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Herber, Andreas] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Climate Syst Div, Bremerhaven, Germany.
[Radionov, Vladimir F.] AARI, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Sorokin, Mikhail G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Sigma Space Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Sakerin, Sergey M.; Terpugova, Svetlana A.] RAS, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch IAO SB, Tomsk, Russia.
[Sobolewski, Piotr S.] PAS, Inst Geophys, Warsaw, Poland.
RP Tomasi, C (reprint author), CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
EM c.tomasi@isac.cnr.it
RI Mazzola, Mauro/K-9376-2016;
OI Mazzola, Mauro/0000-0002-8394-2292; Lanconelli,
Christian/0000-0002-9545-1255; busetto, maurizio/0000-0003-1115-6564
FU Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) [2006/6.01];
International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy)
FX The research activity was supported by the Programma Nazionale di
Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) and developed as a part of Subproject
2006/6.01: "POLAR-AOD: a network to characterize the means, variability
and trends of the climate-forcing properties of aerosols in polar
regions". The authors thank R. Wagener, Principal Investigator of the
Barrow AERONET site, for his effort in establishing and maintaining the
activities at this important station of the Arctic region. The
International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy) is
gratefully acknowledged for its support of the participation of B.
Petkov in the framework of the Programme for Training and Research in
Italian Laboratories.
NR 93
TC 23
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 52
SI SI
BP 29
EP 47
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.055
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 929XH
UT WOS:000303098500004
ER
PT J
AU Hoffmann, A
Osterloh, L
Stone, R
Lampert, A
Ritter, C
Stock, M
Tunved, P
Hennig, T
Bockmann, C
Li, SM
Eleftheriadis, K
Maturilli, M
Orgis, T
Herber, A
Neuber, R
Dethloff, K
AF Hoffmann, Anne
Osterloh, Lukas
Stone, Robert
Lampert, Astrid
Ritter, Christoph
Stock, Maria
Tunved, Peter
Hennig, Tabea
Boeckmann, Christine
Li, Shao-Meng
Eleftheriadis, Kostas
Maturilli, Marion
Orgis, Thomas
Herber, Andreas
Neuber, Roland
Dethloff, Klaus
TI Remote sensing and in-situ measurements of tropospheric aerosol, a
PAMARCMiP case study
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic; Aerosols; Lidar; Arctic haze
ID ARCTIC HAZE; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION;
RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; LIDAR; POLLUTION; TRENDS
AB In this work, a closure experiment for tropospheric aerosol is presented. Aerosol size distributions and single scattering albedo from remote sensing data are compared to those measured in-situ. An aerosol pollution event on 4 April 2009 was observed by ground based and airborne lidar and photometer in and around Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, as well as by DMPS, nephelometer and particle soot absorption photometer at the nearby Zeppelin Mountain Research Station.
The presented measurements were conducted in an area of 40 x 20 km around Ny-Alesund as part of the 2009 Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project (PAMARCMiP). Aerosol mainly in the accumulation mode was found in the lower troposphere, however, enhanced backscattering was observed up to the tropopause altitude. A comparison of meteorological data available at different locations reveals a stable multi-layer-structure of the lower troposphere. It is followed by the retrieval of optical and microphysical aerosol parameters. Extinction values have been derived using two different methods, and it was found that extinction (especially in the UV) derived from Raman lidar data significantly surpasses the extinction derived from photometer AOD profiles. Airborne lidar data shows volume depolarization values to be less than 2.5% between 500 m and 2.5 km altitude, hence, particles in this range can be assumed to be of spherical shape. In-situ particle number concentrations measured at the Zeppelin Mountain Research Station at 474 m altitude peak at about 0.18 mu m diameter, which was also found for the microphysical inversion calculations performed at 850 m and 1500 m altitude. Number concentrations depend on the assumed extinction values, and slightly decrease with altitude as well as the effective particle diameter. A low imaginary part in the derived refractive index suggests weakly absorbing aerosols, which is confirmed by low black carbon concentrations, measured at the Zeppelin Mountain as well as on board the Polar 5 aircraft. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hoffmann, Anne; Lampert, Astrid; Ritter, Christoph; Stock, Maria; Maturilli, Marion; Orgis, Thomas; Neuber, Roland; Dethloff, Klaus] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany.
[Osterloh, Lukas; Boeckmann, Christine] Univ Potsdam, Inst Math IMP, Potsdam, Germany.
[Stone, Robert] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Tunved, Peter; Hennig, Tabea] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Li, Shao-Meng] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Eleftheriadis, Kostas] Demokritos Natl Ctr Sci Res, ERL, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, GR-15310 Athens, Greece.
[Herber, Andreas] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany.
RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Telegrafenberg A45, Potsdam, Germany.
EM anne.hoffmann@awi.de; lukas.osterloh@googlemail.com;
robert.stone@noaa.gov; astrid.lampert@tu-bs.de; peter.tunved@itm.su.se;
shao-meng.li@ec.gc.ca; elefther@ipta.demokritos.gr;
andreas.herber@awi.de
RI Pfuller, Anne/I-1273-2012; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos/G-2814-2011;
Maturilli, Marion/A-4344-2017; Dethloff, Klaus/B-4879-2014; Neuber,
Roland/B-4923-2014
OI Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos/0000-0003-2265-4905; Maturilli,
Marion/0000-0001-6818-7383; Neuber, Roland/0000-0001-7382-7832
NR 36
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 32
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 52
SI SI
BP 56
EP 66
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.027
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 929XH
UT WOS:000303098500006
ER
PT J
AU Saha, A
O'Neill, NT
Stone, RS
Liu, PS
Herber, AB
AF Saha, Auromeet
O'Neill, Norman T.
Stone, Robert S.
Liu, Peter S.
Herber, Andreas B.
TI Analysis of sub-micron parameters derived from multi-altitude and
multi-spectral AOD measurements acquired during the 2009 PAM-ARCMIP
airborne campaign
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Airborne sunphotometry; Aerosol optical depth; Fine Mode effective
radius; PAM-ARCMIP campaign; Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer
(UHSAS)
ID OPTICAL DEPTH; AEROSOL; LIDAR
AB A series of Arctic sunphotometry flights were analyzed in terms of their multi-altitude, sub-micron (fine mode) information content. A spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) and a fine mode curvature algorithm (FMC) were applied to extract fine mode and coarse mode optical depth as well as the effective radius of the fine mode as a function of altitude. The fine mode optical depth was differentiated as a function of altitude to retrieve vertical profiles of fine mode extinction coefficient. These optical results were compared with volumetric altitude profiles of fine mode particle size distribution acquired by a UHSAS (Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer).
The results showed that layer-averaged extinction cross sections derived from the ratio of fine mode optical depth to integrated UHSAS number density were significantly larger than extinction cross sections derived from the application of Mie theory to the UHSAS particle size distributions. Vertical profiles of extinction coefficients derived from altitude derivatives of the fine mode optical depth profiles showed some correlation with the UHSAS extinction coefficients. Profiles of the fine mode effective radius retrieved from the sunphotometry data were generally of similar magnitude to columnar averages of the UHSAS radii but no significant trend with altitude could be detected. An example was given of a high altitude smoke plume whose presence eliminated any hope of correlating the volumetric sampling information with the sunphotometer profiles. This is simply a statement of the obvious: that the atmospheric state must be stable in order to make such comparisons. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Saha, Auromeet; O'Neill, Norman T.] Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
[Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stone, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Liu, Peter S.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Herber, Andreas B.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany.
RP Saha, A (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, CARTEL, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada.
EM Auromeet.Saha@usherbrooke.ca
OI Saha, Auromeet/0000-0002-0731-6193
FU NSERC (National Sciences and Engineering Research Council); CFCAS
(Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences); CFI
(Canadian Foundation for Innovation); FQRNT (Fonds de recherche sur la
nature et les technologies, Quebec)
FX The authors would like to thank four Canadian funding agencies, NSERC
(National Sciences and Engineering Research Council), CFCAS (Canadian
Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences), CFI (Canadian
Foundation for Innovation) and FQRNT (Fonds de recherche sur la nature
et les technologies, Quebec) for their financial support. Valuable
support was also provided by Environment Canada and NASA's AERONET
project. Useful exchanges with Graeme Nott and Jeff Pierce of Dalhousie
University were also very much appreciated.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 52
SI SI
BP 67
EP 81
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.037
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 929XH
UT WOS:000303098500007
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, G
Waters, MS
Farooque, TM
Young, MF
Simon, CG
AF Kumar, Girish
Waters, Michael S.
Farooque, Tanya M.
Young, Marian F.
Simon, Carl G., Jr.
TI Freeform fabricated scaffolds with roughened struts that enhance both
stem cell proliferation and differentiation by controlling cell shape
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cell proliferation; Cell spreading; Osteogenesis; Scaffold; Topography;
Stem cell
ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; BONE REGENERATION; ARCHITECTURE; INTERFACE; BACTERIA
AB We demonstrate that freeform fabricated (FFF) scaffolds with a roughened surface topography can support hBMSC proliferation, while also inducing osteogenic differentiation, for maximized generation of calcified, bone-like tissue. Previously, hBMSCs rapidly proliferated, without osteogenic differentiation, during culture in FFF scaffolds. In contrast, hBMSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation, with slow proliferation, during culture in nanofiber scaffolds. Analysis of cell morphology showed that the topography presented by the nanofiber scaffolds drove hBMSC differentiation by guiding them into a morphology that induced osteogenic differentiation. Herein, we hypothesized that using the high-surface area architecture of FFF scaffolds to present a surface roughness that drives hBMSCs into a morphology that induces osteogenic differentiation would yield a maximum amount differentiated hBMSCs and bone-like tissue. Thus, a solvent etching method was developed that imparted a 5-fold increase in roughness to the surface of the struts of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) FFF scaffolds. The etched scaffolds induced osteogenic differentiation of the hBMSCs while un-etched scaffolds did not. The etched scaffolds also supported the same high levels of hBMSC proliferation that un-etched scaffolds supported. Finally, hBMSCs on un-etched scaffolds had a large spread area, while hBMSCs on etched scaffolds has a smaller area and were more rounded, indicating that the surface roughness from the etched scaffolds dictated the morphology of the hBMSCs. The results demonstrate that FFF scaffolds with surface roughness can support hBMSC proliferation, while also inducing osteogenic differentiation, to maximize generation of calcified tissue. This work validates a rational approach to scaffold fabrication where the structure of the scaffold was designed to optimize stem cell function by controlling cell morphology. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kumar, Girish; Waters, Michael S.; Farooque, Tanya M.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kumar, Girish; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Kumar, Girish] US FDA, Div Biol, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM carl.simon@nist.gov
FU NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC; NIST-ARRA NRC; NIST; NIH/NIDCR (National Institute
of Dental and Craniofacial Research); Tulane Center for Gene Therapy
through NCRR of the NIH [P40RR017447]
FX G.K., M.S.W. and T.M.F. were supported by postdoctoral fellowships from
NIH-NIBIB/NIST NRC, NIST-ARRA NRC and NIST-ARRA NRC, respectively. This
work was supported by NIST and the Intramural Program of the NIH/NIDCR
(National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research). The hBMSCs
employed in this work were provided by the Tulane Center for Gene
Therapy through a grant from NCRR of the NIH P40RR017447. The "standard
deviation" (S.D.) is the same as the "combined standard uncertainty of
the mean" for the purposes of this work. The content is solely the
responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the
official views of NIH, NIBIB, NIDCR or NIST. This article, a
contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment
and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately
specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply
recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily
the best available for the purpose.
NR 33
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 2
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 16
BP 4022
EP 4030
DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.048
PG 9
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 929WL
UT WOS:000303096300002
PM 22417619
ER
PT J
AU Barbau, R
Krima, S
Rachuri, S
Narayanan, A
Fiorentini, X
Foufou, S
Sriram, RD
AF Barbau, Raphael
Krima, Sylvere
Rachuri, Sudarsan
Narayanan, Anantha
Fiorentini, Xenia
Foufou, Sebti
Sriram, Ram D.
TI OntoSTEP: Enriching product model data using ontologies
SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
DE Product modeling; Semantic; STEP; EXPRESS; OWL; Automated model
transcription; Meta-model; Product lifecycle information
AB The representation and management of product lifecycle information is critical to any manufacturing organization. Different modeling languages are used at different lifecycle stages, for example STEP's EXPRESS may be used at a detailed design stage, while UML may be used for initial design stages. It is necessary to consolidate product information created using these different languages to build a coherent knowledge base. In this paper, we present an approach to enable the translation of STEP schema and its instances to Ontology Web Language (OWL). This gives a model - which we call OntoSTEP - that can easily be integrated with any OWL ontologies to create a semantically rich model. As an example, we combine geometry information represented in STEP with non-geometry information, such as function and behavior, represented using the NIST's Core Product Model (CPM). A plug-in for Prot g is developed to automate the different steps of the translation. As additional benefits, reasoning, inference procedures, and queries can be performed on enriched legacy CAD models. We describe the rules for the translation from EXPRESS to OWL and illustrate the benefits of OWL translation with an example. We will also describe how these mapping rules can be implemented through meta-model based transformations, which can be used to map other languages to OWL. Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Barbau, Raphael; Krima, Sylvere; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Narayanan, Anantha] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Barbau, Raphael; Krima, Sylvere; Foufou, Sebti] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, F-21078 Dijon, France.
[Fiorentini, Xenia] Engisis Srl, Rome, Italy.
[Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, CENG, CSE Dept, Doha, Qatar.
[Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Doha, Qatar.
RP Barbau, R (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raphael.barbau@nist.gov; sylvere.krima@nist.gov;
rachuri.sudarsan@nist.gov; anantha.narayanan@nist.gov;
xenia.fiorentini@gmail.com; sebti.foufou@u-bourgogne.fr;
ram.sriram@nist.gov
RI Foufou, Sebti/E-2081-2015
OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125
NR 30
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0010-4485
J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN
JI Comput.-Aided Des.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 44
IS 6
BP 575
EP 590
DI 10.1016/j.cad.2012.01.008
PG 16
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 932KT
UT WOS:000303290700006
ER
PT J
AU Gruenthal, KM
Drawbridge, MA
AF Gruenthal, Kristen M.
Drawbridge, Mark A.
TI Toward responsible stock enhancement: broadcast spawning dynamics and
adaptive genetic management in white seabass aquaculture
SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE aquaculture; captive populations; conservation genetics; fisheries;
management; population genetics - empirical
ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;
ATRACTOSCION-NOBILIS; SPERM COMPETITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MULTIPLE
PATERNITY; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PACIFIC SALMON; ATLANTIC COD
AB The evolutionary effects captive-bred individuals that can have on wild conspecifics are necessary considerations for stock enhancement programs, but breeding protocols are often developed without the knowledge of realized reproductive behavior. To help fill that gap, parentage was assigned to offspring produced by a freely mating group of 50 white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis), a representative broadcast spawning marine finfish cultured for conservation. Similar to the well-known and closely related red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), A. nobilis exhibited large variation in reproductive success. More males contributed and contributed more equally than females within and among spawns in a mating system best described as lottery polygyny. Two females produced 27% of the seasonal offspring pool and female breeding effective size averaged 1.85 per spawn and 12.38 seasonally, whereas male breeding effective size was higher (6.42 and 20.87, respectively), with every male contributing 17% of offspring. Further, females batch spawned every 15 weeks, while males displayed continuous reproductive readiness. Sex-specific mating strategies resulted in multiple successful mate pairings and a breeding effective to census size ratio of =0.62. Understanding a depleted species mating system allowed management to more effectively utilize parental genetic variability for culture, but the fitness consequences of long-term stocking can be difficult to address.
C1 [Gruenthal, Kristen M.; Drawbridge, Mark A.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA.
RP Gruenthal, KM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM kgruenthal@hswri.org
FU California Department of Fish and Game [P07001]; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration [NA06NMF4720233, NA09NMF4720396]
FX Sample collection was funded by the California Department of Fish and
Game's Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program under award
P07001. Genetic work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration under Awards NA06NMF4720233 and NA09NMF4720396. Staff at
the Leon Raymond Hubbard, Jr., Marine Fish Hatchery in Carlsbad, CA,
provided support for sample collection and organization, and we would
like to thank Director of Operations Mike Gafford, Hatchery Manager Eric
McIntire, and Database Manager Karen McClune for their oversight. Dr.
Ronald Burton at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA,
kindly allowed the use of his laboratory for initial testing and marker
optimization and provided commentary on the early manuscript. Drs. John
Hyde and Russ Vetter at the NOAA NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center
in La Jolla, CA, graciously allowed the use of their laboratory and
equipment for all molecular work, and Dr. Vetter also provided
commentary on the early manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr.
Robin Waples and three anonymous reviewers for extremely valuable
commentary on this manuscript.
NR 63
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1752-4571
J9 EVOL APPL
JI Evol. Appl.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 4
BP 405
EP 417
DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00234.x
PG 13
WC Evolutionary Biology
SC Evolutionary Biology
GA 930QS
UT WOS:000303154800007
PM 25568060
ER
PT J
AU Gustafson, RG
Ford, MJ
Adams, PB
Drake, JS
Emmett, RL
Fresh, KL
Rowse, M
Spangler, EAK
Spangler, RE
Teel, DJ
Wilson, MT
AF Gustafson, Richard G.
Ford, Michael J.
Adams, Peter B.
Drake, Jonathan S.
Emmett, Robert L.
Fresh, Kurt L.
Rowse, Mindy
Spangler, Elizabeth A. K.
Spangler, Robert E.
Teel, David J.
Wilson, Matthew T.
TI Conservation status of eulachon in the California Current
SO FISH AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Endangered Species Act; forage fish; osmerid smelt;
Thaleichthys pacificus
ID THALEICHTHYS-PACIFICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRAWL FISHERY; NORTH-AMERICA; OCEAN; MORTALITY; MARINE;
TEMPERATURE
AB Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), an anadromous smelt in the Northeast Pacific Ocean was examined for listing under the USAs Endangered Species Act (ESA). A southern Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of eulachon that occurs in the California Current and is composed of numerous subpopulations that spawn in rivers from northern California to northern British Columbia was identified on the basis of ecological and environmental characteristics, and to a lesser extent, genetic and life history variation. Although the northern terrestrial boundary of this DPS remains uncertain, our consensus opinion was that this northern boundary occurs south of the Nass River and that the DPS was discrete from more northern eulachon, as well as significant to the biological species as a whole and thus is a species under the ESA. Eulachon have been nearly absent in northern California for over two decades, have declined in the Fraser River by over 97% in the past 10 years, and are at historically low levels in other British Columbia rivers in the DPS, and nearly so in the Columbia River. Major threats to southern eulachon include climate change impacts on ocean and freshwater habitat, by-catch in offshore shrimp trawl fisheries, changes in downstream flow timing and intensity owing to dams and water diversions, and predation. These threats, together with large declines in abundance, indicate that the southern DPS of eulachon is at moderate risk of extinction throughout all of its range. The southern DPS was listed as threatened under the ESA in May 2010 the first marine forage fish to be afforded these statutory protections, which apply only to waters under U.S. jurisdiction.
C1 [Gustafson, Richard G.; Ford, Michael J.; Drake, Jonathan S.; Fresh, Kurt L.; Rowse, Mindy; Teel, David J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Adams, Peter B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Emmett, Robert L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Spangler, Elizabeth A. K.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dept Interior, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Spangler, Robert E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA.
[Wilson, Matthew T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Rick.Gustafson@noaa.gov
FU Northwest Region of NMFS
FX Numerous individual fishery scientists and managers provided information
that aided in preparation of this document and deserve special thanks.
We particularly thank Dr. Doug Hay, Nearshore Consulting, Nanaimo,
British Columbia (Scientist Emeritus, Pacific Biological Station,
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada); Brad James, Greg Bargmann,
and Olaf Langness, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; and Tom
Rien, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. We also thank Megan Moody,
Nuxalk Nation, Bella Coola, British Columbia; Andy Lecuyer,
Environmental Advisor, Rio Tinto Alcan Inc., Kemano, British Columbia;
Michael R. Gordon, M. R. Gordon & Associates Ltd., North Vancouver,
British Columbia; and Irene Martin, Skamokawa, Washington, for providing
documents or steering us towards those who could. Additional thanks go
to Jeff Cowen for assistance with the figures; Laurie Weitkamp, Thomas
Good, Jeff Hard, Doug Hay (external reviewer), and one anonymous
reviewer for providing valuable comments on earlier versions of the
manuscript; and five anonymous scientists whose reviews of an early
draft of the status review substantially improved the quality of our
final product. The Northwest Region of NMFS provided partial funding in
support of this investigation.
NR 89
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1467-2960
J9 FISH FISH
JI Fish. Fish.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 13
IS 2
BP 121
EP 138
DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00418.x
PG 18
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 923HM
UT WOS:000302610400001
ER
PT J
AU Awan, IA
Burgess, DR
Tsang, W
Manion, JA
AF Awan, Iftikhar A.
Burgess, Donald R., Jr.
Tsang, Wing
Manion, Jeffrey A.
TI Standard reactions for comparative rate studies: Experiments on the
dehydrochlorination reactions of 2-chloropropane, chlorocyclopentane,
and chlorocyclohexane
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; POWERED HOMOGENEOUS PYROLYSIS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION;
UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ALKYL HALIDES; GAS-PHASE; KINETICS; CHLORIDE;
4-VINYLCYCLOHEXENE; WAVES
AB Single pulse shock tube studies of the thermal dehydrochlorination reactions (chlorocyclopentane -> cyclopentene + HCl) and (chlorocyclohexane -> cyclohexene + HCl) at temperatures of 8431021 K and pressures of 1.4-2.4 bar have been carried out using the comparative rate technique. Rate constants have been measured relative to (2-chloropropane -> propene + HCl) and the decyclization reactions of cyclohexene, 4-methylcyclohexene, and 4-vinylcyclohexene. Absolute rate constants have been derived using k(cyclohexene -> ethene + butadiene) = 1.4 x 1015 exp(-33,500/T) s-1. These data provide a self-consistent temperature scale of use in the comparison of chemical systems studied with different temperature standards. A combined analysis of the present results with the literature data from lower temperature static studies leads to k(2-chloropropane) = 10((13.98 +/- 0.08)) exp(-26, 225 +/- 130) K/T) s-1; 590-1020 K; 1-3 bar k(chlorocylopentane) = 10((13.65 +/- 0.10)) exp(-24,570 +/- 160) K/T) s-1; 590-1020 K; 1-3 bar k(chlorocylohexane) = 10((14.33 +/- 0.10)) exp(-25,950 +/- 180) K/T) s-1; 590-1020 K; 1-3 bar Including systematic uncertainties, expanded standard uncertainties are estimated to be about 15% near 600 K rising to about 25% at 1000 K. At 2 bar and 1000 K, the reactions are only slightly under their high-pressure limits, but falloff effects rapidly become significant at higher temperatures. On the basis of computational studies and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)/Master Equation modeling of these and reference dehydrochlorination reactions, reported in more detail in an accompanying article, the following high-pressure limits have been derived: k infinity (2-chloropropane) = 5.74 x 10(9)T(1.37) exp(-25,680/T) s(-1); 600-1600 K k infinity (chlorocylopentane) = 7.65 x 10(7)T(1.75) exp(-23,320/T) s(-1) ; 600-1600 K k infinity (chlorocylohexane) = 8.25 x 10(9)T(1.34) exp(-25,010/T) s(-1); 600-1600 K (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 351368, 2012
C1 [Awan, Iftikhar A.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Tsang, Wing; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research
FX This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of
the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD (http://biowulf.nih.gov). The authors thank the Air Force
Office of Scientific Research, Julian M. Tishkoff, Program Manager, for
support.
NR 50
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 44
IS 6
BP 351
EP 368
DI 10.1002/kin.20566
PG 18
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 929DY
UT WOS:000303042600001
ER
PT J
AU Burgess, DR
Manion, JA
AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr.
Manion, Jeffrey A.
TI Ab initio calculations and RRKM/Master Equation modeling of
chloroalkanes -> alkenes + HCl reactions for use in comparative rate
studies
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL-RING COMPOUNDS; N-PROPYL CHLORIDE; PULSE SHOCK-TUBE; ION-PAIR
MODEL; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE;
VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; ALKYL HALIDES
AB This paper reports computations that were done in conjunction with an experimental study, reported in an accompanying paper, involving single pulse shock tube measurements of the thermal decomposition of 2-chloropropane, chlorocyclopentane, and chorocyclohexane. The overall aim of the combined work is to provide a well-defined, self-consistent, and reliable set of rate constants for those species over an extended temperature range for use as reference reactions in comparative rate studies. To provide additional validation of the results for the compounds of direct interest, the dehydrochlorination reactions of the related compounds chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, and 2-chlorobutane are also considered. The present work reviews and summarizes the literature information regarding the molecular properties, thermochemistry, and chemical kinetic data for the above six alkyl chlorides. Quantum chemical methods are used to compute the structure and energies of reactants, products, and transition states and the fundamental nature of these types of reaction (four-centered semi-ion pair transition states) is discussed. The experimental and theoretical results are compared in detail, and uncertainties are assessed. The computations are used, in conjunction with experimentally determined rate constants, to develop RiceRamspergerKasselMarcus (RRKM)/Master Equation models and thereby allow extrapolation of the experimental data over an extended range of temperatures. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 369385, 2012
C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Manion, JA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov
NR 77
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 44
IS 6
BP 369
EP 385
DI 10.1002/kin.20565
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 929DY
UT WOS:000303042600002
ER
PT J
AU Williams, EH
Davydov, AV
Motayed, A
Sundaresan, SG
Bocchini, P
Richter, LJ
Stan, G
Steffens, K
Zangmeister, R
Schreifels, JA
Rao, MV
AF Williams, Elissa H.
Davydov, Albert V.
Motayed, Abhishek
Sundaresan, Siddarth G.
Bocchini, Peter
Richter, Lee J.
Stan, Gheorghe
Steffens, Kristen
Zangmeister, Rebecca
Schreifels, John A.
Rao, Mulpuri V.
TI Immobilization of streptavidin on 4H-SiC for biosensor development
SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE 4H-SiC; 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane; Biotin; Streptavidin;
Bioconjugation; Surface functionalization
ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;
SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION;
ORGANIC FILMS; PROTEINS; INTERFACE; 3-AMINOPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE;
SEMICONDUCTOR
AB A sequential layer formation chemistry is demonstrated for the functionalization of silicon carbide (SiC) appropriate to biosensing applications. (0 0 0 1) 4H-SiC was functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and subsequently biotinylated for the selective immobilization of streptavidin. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, fluorescence microscopy, and contact angle measurements were utilized to determine the structure, thickness, wettability, and reactivity of the resulting surface after each functionalization step. Optimization of the APTES layer was found to be critical to the success of the subsequent steps; multilayer, polymeric films resulted in irreproducible behavior. It was shown that there was significant non-specific (electrostatic) binding of streptavidin to APTES functionalized SiC, thus revealing the importance of a uniform biotinylation step prior to streptavidin attachment. The experimental results demonstrate that the APTES functionalized and biotinylated SiC surface has the potential to be employed as a biosensing platform for the selective detection of streptavidin molecules. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Williams, Elissa H.; Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Williams, Elissa H.; Davydov, Albert V.; Motayed, Abhishek; Sundaresan, Siddarth G.; Bocchini, Peter; Richter, Lee J.; Stan, Gheorghe; Steffens, Kristen; Zangmeister, Rebecca] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Williams, Elissa H.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Sundaresan, Siddarth G.] GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA.
[Bocchini, Peter] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Williams, EH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Room 343,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM ehwill@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; Zangmeister,
Rebecca/D-6641-2017
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724;
Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240
FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712]
FX The authors acknowledge with gratitude the financial support of the
National Science Foundation (Grant # ECCS-0901712).
NR 40
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 35
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-4332
EI 1873-5584
J9 APPL SURF SCI
JI Appl. Surf. Sci.
PD JUN 1
PY 2012
VL 258
IS 16
BP 6056
EP 6063
DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.02.137
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics,
Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA 925TK
UT WOS:000302784200023
ER
PT J
AU Guha, S
Wayment, JR
Tarlov, MJ
Zachariah, MR
AF Guha, Suvajyoti
Wayment, Joshua R.
Tarlov, Michael J.
Zachariah, Michael R.
TI Electrospray-differential mobility analysis as an orthogonal tool to
size-exclusion chromatography for characterization of protein aggregates
SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE immunoglobulins; electrospray-differential mobility analysis;
size-exclusion chromatography; protein formulation; protein aggregation;
biopharmaceutics; physical characterization; protein size;
biotechnology; stability
ID ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULINS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS;
DENATURATION; STABILITY; IGG; HEAT; MILK; NANOPARTICLES; QUANTITATION
AB The biopharmaceutical industry characterizes and quantifies aggregation of protein therapeutics using multiple analytical techniques to cross-validate results. Here, we demonstrate the use of electrospraydifferential mobility analysis (ESDMA), a gas-phase and atmospheric pressure ion-mobility method for characterizing protein aggregates. Two immunoglobulin Gs are systematically heat treated to induce aggregation and characterized using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ESDMA. Although ESDMA is a gas-phase characterization method, we find that aggregation kinetic rate constants determined by ESDMA is in good agreement with those determined by SEC. ESDMA appears to have a higher resolution and lower limit of detection as compared with SEC. Thus, ESDMA can potentially become an important orthogonal tool for characterization of nascent protein aggregates in the biopharmaceutical industry. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 101:19851994, 2012
C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Wayment, Joshua R.; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mrz@umd.edu
OI Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 20
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3549
J9 J PHARM SCI-US
JI J. Pharm. Sci.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 101
IS 6
BP 1985
EP 1994
DI 10.1002/jps.23097
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology &
Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry
GA 925ZE
UT WOS:000302800300004
PM 22411567
ER
PT J
AU Dong, JR
Ni-Meister, W
AF Dong, Jiarui
Ni-Meister, Wenge
TI Analysis of diurnal boundary layer development in boreal forests:
measurements and simulations
SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE BOREAS; transilient turbulence theory; lake effects; initial patterns;
surface fluxes
ID TRANSILIENT TURBULENCE THEORY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LAND-SURFACE
PROCESSES; SOIL-MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; TOWER; DYNAMICS;
EXCHANGE; CARBON
AB Combining field data analysis and modeling, this study investigates factors influencing the diurnal boundary layer (BL) development in boreal forest.
Field data analysis used both air sounding and surface flux measurements collected during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study field campaigns in central Canada. Model study applied a non-local transilient turbulence theory (TTT) to simulate the impact of the heterogeneous boundary conditions together with initial conditions on the BL development at the Candle Lake and Thompson release sites over boreal forests. Boundary conditions were characterized by the integrated surface flux measurements from different forest stands. The lake effect was included in constructing the surface fluxes at Candle Lake release site.
Analyses of serial upper air sounding data and tower flux data indicate strong linear impacts of surface sensible heat forcing on the diurnal BL development above boreal forests. The regression slopes on the relationship between the BL development and the surface fluxes reflect the influences of initial boundary conditions to the BL developments. Both the modeled and the measured diurnal BLs show that lakes reduce sensible heat flux, leading to a shallower boundary in Candle Lake than in Thompson. Comparison of the model results and field measurements on the BL profiles indicates that the TTT model has the capability to simulate the BL development above boreal forests for sunny, rainfall or cloudy days. This study demonstrates the importance of lake on surface fluxes and BL development. The modeling effort shows the potential to couple the transilient theory with a land surface process model to study land surface and atmosphere interaction in boreal forest.
C1 [Dong, Jiarui] NOAA NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Dong, Jiarui] IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Ni-Meister, Wenge] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Geog, New York, NY 10065 USA.
RP Dong, JR (reprint author), NOAA NCEP EMC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Jiarui.Dong@noaa.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG05GE01G]
FX The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (NNG05GE01G).
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1752-9921
J9 J PLANT ECOL-UK
JI J. Plant Ecol.
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 2
BP 191
EP 205
DI 10.1093/jpe/rtr001
PG 15
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 926CI
UT WOS:000302808500008
ER
PT J
AU Lupton, JE
Arculus, RJ
Resing, J
Massoth, GJ
Greene, RR
Evans, LJ
Buck, N
AF Lupton, J. E.
Arculus, R. J.
Resing, J.
Massoth, G. J.
Greene, R. R.
Evans, L. J.
Buck, N.
TI Hydrothermal activity in the Northwest Lau Backarc Basin: Evidence from
water column measurements
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lau Basin; back arc; helium; hydrothermal
ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; EAST PACIFIC RISE;
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; SPREADING CENTERS; MANTLE COMPONENTS;
SAMOAN LAVAS; PLUMES; ARC; HELIUM
AB The Northwest Lau Backarc Basin, consisting of the Northwest Lau Spreading Center (NWLSC) and the Rochambeau Rifts (RR), is unique in having elevated He-3/He-4 ratios (up to 28 R-a) in the erupted lavas, clearly indicating a hot spot or ocean island basalt (OIB)-type signature. This OIB-type helium signature does not appear in any other part of the Lau Basin. Water column plume surveys conducted in 2008 and 2010 identified several sites of active hydrothermal discharge along the NWLSC-RR and showed that the incidence of hydrothermal activity is high, consistent with the high spreading rate of similar to 100 mm/year. Hydrocasts into the Central Caldera and Southern Caldera of the NWLSC detected elevated He-3/He-4 (delta He-3 = 55% and 100%, respectively), trace metals (TMn, TFe), and suspended particles, indicating localized hydrothermal venting at these two sites. Hydrocasts along the northern rift zone of the NWLSC also had excess delta He-3, TMn, and suspended particles suggesting additional sites of hydrothermal activity. The RR are dominated by Lobster Caldera, a large volcano with four radiating rift zones. Hydrocasts into Lobster Caldera in 2008 detected high delta He-3 (up to 239%) and suspended particle and TMn signals, indicating active venting within the caldera. A repeat survey of Lobster in 2010 confirmed the site was still active two years later. Plumes at Lobster Caldera and Central Caldera have end-member He-3/He-4 ratios of 19 R-a and 11 R-a, respectively, confirming that hot spot-type helium is also present in the hydrothermal fluids.
C1 [Lupton, J. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Arculus, R. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[Resing, J.; Buck, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Massoth, G. J.] Mass Ex3 Consulting, Renton, WA 98056 USA.
[Greene, R. R.; Evans, L. J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Lupton, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX We thank the Australian Marine National Facility for granting us
ship-time to conduct the SS07/2008 research voyage. The captain and crew
of the R/V Southern Surveyor and scientific technical support staff
rendered outstanding support during this voyage. We are grateful to the
governments of Fiji and Tonga for their permission to conduct scientific
research in their waters. We thank Tim McConachy and Bluewater Metals
(South Pacific) Ltd. for collecting samples aboard the Dorado Discovery
and for making the CTD data available. We thank Shannon Johns for
drawing trace metal samples during voyage SS07, and Chris Yeats and the
staff at CSIRO for archiving these samples and making them available to
us. Susan Merle helped with the graphics. Dave Butterfield, Cornel de
Ronde, and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews of this
paper. This work was support by the NOAA Vents Program. This is PMEL
Contribution 3754.
NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD MAY 31
PY 2012
VL 13
AR Q0AF04
DI 10.1029/2011GC003891
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 952DD
UT WOS:000304769400001
ER
PT J
AU Sato, K
Inoue, J
Kodama, YM
Overland, JE
AF Sato, Kazutoshi
Inoue, Jun
Kodama, Yasu-Masa
Overland, James E.
TI Impact of Arctic sea-ice retreat on the recent change in cloud-base
height during autumn
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Cloud-base observations over the ice-free Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in autumn were conducted using a shipboard ceilometer and radiosondes during the 1999-2010 cruises of the Japanese R/V Mirai. In comparison with cloud-base heights in an ice-covered case (the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean project in 1998), our ice-free results showed a 30% decrease (increase) in the frequency of low clouds with a ceiling below (above) 500 m. Temperature profiles revealed that the boundary layer was well developed over the ice-free ocean in the 2000s, whereas a stable layer dominated during the ice-covered period in 1998. The change in surface boundary conditions likely resulted in the difference in cloud-base height, although it had little impact on air temperatures in the mid-and upper troposphere. Data from the 2010 R/V Mirai cruise were investigated in detail in terms of air-sea temperature difference. Stratus clouds near the sea surface were predominant under a warm advection situation, whereas stratocumulus clouds with a cloud-free layer were significant under a cold advection situation. The threshold temperature difference between sea surface and air temperatures for distinguishing the dominant cloud types was 3 K. Anomalous upward turbulent heat fluxes associated with the sea-ice retreat have likely contributed to warming of the lower troposphere. Citation: Sato, K., J. Inoue, Y.-M. Kodama, and J. E. Overland (2012), Impact of Arctic sea-ice retreat on the recent change in cloud-base height during autumn, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10503, doi:10.1029/2012GL051850.
C1 [Sato, Kazutoshi; Kodama, Yasu-Masa] Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan.
[Sato, Kazutoshi; Inoue, Jun] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
[Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Sato, K (reprint author), Hirosaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 3 Bunkyo Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan.
EM h11gs403@stu.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
FU [KAKENHI(A)24241009]
FX We are greatly indebted to S. Okumura, S. Sueyoshi, N. Nagahama, A. Doi,
and W. Tokunaga for conducting the radiosonde observations. We also
thank the crews of the R/V Mirai, and are grateful for the data
collected during the SHEBA project and by the NP drifting stations. We
also thank M. E. Hori and two anonymous reviewers for their useful
comments. This work was partly supported by KAKENHI(A)24241009. PMEL
contribution #3857.
NR 18
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 31
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L10503
DI 10.1029/2012GL051850
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 952EB
UT WOS:000304772100003
ER
PT J
AU Young, PJ
Emmons, LK
Roberts, JM
Lamarque, JF
Wiedinmyer, C
Veres, P
VandenBoer, TC
AF Young, Paul J.
Emmons, Louisa K.
Roberts, James M.
Lamarque, Jean-Francois
Wiedinmyer, Christine
Veres, Patrick
VandenBoer, Trevor C.
TI Isocyanic acid in a global chemistry transport model: Tropospheric
distribution, budget, and identification of regions with potential
health impacts
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; NI-PT-CIMS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HNCO;
PHOTODISSOCIATION; POLLUTION; OZONE; MOZART-4; EXHAUST; GASES
AB This study uses a global chemical transport model to estimate the distribution of isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO is toxic, and concentrations exceeding 1 ppbv have been suggested to have negative health effects. Based on fire studies, HNCO emissions were scaled to those of hydrogen cyanide (30%), resulting in yearly total emissions of 1.5 Tg for 2008, from both anthropogenic and biomass burning sources. Loss processes included heterogeneous uptake (pH dependent), dry deposition (like formic acid), and reaction with the OH radical (k = 1 x 10(-15) molecule(-1) cm(3) s(-1)). Annual mean surface HNCO concentrations were highest over parts of China (maximum of 470 pptv), but episodic fire emissions gave much higher levels, exceeding 4 ppbv in tropical Africa and the Amazon, and exceeding 10 ppbv in Southeast Asia and Siberia. This suggests that large biomass burning events could result in deleterious health effects for populations in these regions. For the tropospheric budget, using the model-calculated pH the HNCO lifetime was 37 days, with the split between dry deposition and heterogeneous loss being 95%:5%. Fixing the heterogeneous loss rate at pH = 7 meant that this process dominated, accounting for similar to 70% of the total loss, giving a lifetime of 6 days, and resulting in upper tropospheric concentrations that were essentially zero. However, changing the pH does not notably impact the high concentrations found in biomass burning regions. More observational data is needed to evaluate the model, as well as a better representation of the likely underestimated biofuel emissions, which could mean more populations exposed to elevated HNCO concentrations.
C1 [Young, Paul J.; Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Young, Paul J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Emmons, Louisa K.; Lamarque, Jean-Francois; Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Veres, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
RP Young, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paul.j.young@noaa.gov
RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Veres,
Patrick/E-7441-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887;
Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Emmons,
Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X;
VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237;
FU NOAA; National Science Foundation
FX We thank John Orlando for helpful comments on the manuscript and
throughout the study, as well as the reviewers for their constructive
comments. We acknowledge the use of the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory
(BAO), and Daniel Wolfe and Bruce Bartram of the NOAA/ESRL Physical
Sciences Division, and William Dube and Nicholas Wagner of NOAA/ESRL
Chemical Sciences Division and CIRES, for their excellent help in
conducting the measurements at the BAO. This work was supported in part
by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, and Health of the
Atmosphere Programs. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is
operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under
sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.
NR 38
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 31
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D10308
DI 10.1029/2011JD017393
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 952CK
UT WOS:000304767100001
ER
PT J
AU Oxford, GAE
Chaka, AM
AF Oxford, Gloria A. E.
Chaka, Anne M.
TI Structure and Stability of Hydrated beta-MnO2 Surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ION COORDINATION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; 1ST-PRINCIPLES
CALCULATIONS; PHASE-STABILITY; WATER; MANGANESE; ADSORPTION; PYROLUSITE;
INTERFACE; CRYSTAL
AB Hydration of the beta-MnO2 (110), (100), and (101) surfaces is investigated using a combination of periodic density functional theory and ab initio thermodynamics. Fully hydrated surfaces are found to be significantly more stable than the stoichiometric ones up to temperatures in the range of 650 to 730 K at ambient oxygen and water partial pressures. A mixture of molecular and dissociative water adsorption is predicted to occur on the (110) and (101) surfaces, while the (100) surface does not dissociate water. Changes in surface reactivity upon water adsorption are explored via partial density of states analysis. Differences in surface relaxations and vibrational spectra are discussed and can be used to identify the type of adsorption mode.
C1 [Oxford, Gloria A. E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Oxford, GAE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gloria.oxford@nist.gov
FU National Research Council
FX G.A.E.O. was supported by the National Research Council. This work
utilized high-performance computing resources of the Raritan cluster at
the National Institute of Standards and Technology and of the Arctic
Region Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. We
would like to thank Professors Sara Mason and Tom Trainor and Drs. Peter
Eng and Joanne Stubbs for useful discussions.
NR 69
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 44
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD MAY 31
PY 2012
VL 116
IS 21
BP 11589
EP 11605
DI 10.1021/jp302268m
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 949KG
UT WOS:000304574500020
ER
PT J
AU Okoro, CA
Obeng, YS
AF Okoro, Chukwudi A.
Obeng, Yaw S.
TI A case study on the impact of local material chemistry on the mechanical
reliability of packaged integrated circuits: Correlation of the
packaging fallout to the chemistry of passivation dielectrics
SO THIN SOLID FILMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Integrated circuits; Reliability; Chemistry; Mechanical; Passivation;
Dielectrics
ID DEPOSITION; SIO2
AB In this paper, we use a variety of analytical techniques to examine the impact of local chemistry, and the mechanical properties, of the encapsulation dielectric films on the post-packaging device rejection rate of integrated circuit devices. A strong dependence of lot rejection rate (LRR) on the effective Young's modulus of the encapsulating dielectric stack is demonstrated; specifically, the device fall out rate increases with increasing Young's modulus. The increase in LRR with increasing stiffness of the encapsulating layer is attributed to the increase in thermal stress in the encapsulation dielectric stack layer and in the metal lines due to their increased constraint. This stems from the strong adhesion of the encapsulating dielectric material to the metal, thus fixing the loci of the surface planes of the metal, which could result in mechanical damage through voiding, cracking or delamination.
It is also found that the increase in the local SiOH concentration leads to a decrease in the Young's modulus of the encapsulating SiO2. Thus, the engineering and optimization of the chemistry of the encapsulating dielectric are essential for improved post-packaging burn-in yields. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi A.; Obeng, Yaw S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Obeng, YS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yaw.obeng@nist.gov
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0040-6090
J9 THIN SOLID FILMS
JI Thin Solid Films
PD MAY 31
PY 2012
VL 520
IS 15
BP 5060
EP 5063
DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.02.089
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings &
Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 949HW
UT WOS:000304568300042
ER
PT J
AU Sun, CH
Yang, S
AF Sun, Chenghu
Yang, Song
TI Persistent severe drought in southern China during winter-spring 2011:
Large-scale circulation patterns and possible impacting factors
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EAST-ASIA; TIBETAN
PLATEAU; EL-NINO; ARCTIC-OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL AMPLIFICATION;
SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE ANOMALIES; WAVE-ACTIVITY
AB Severe drought persisted in southern China from January to May in 2011. In this study, a statistical analysis is carried out to discuss the multiple possible impacting factors including La Nina, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the thermal condition of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The La Nina event in 2010-11 excited a lower-tropospheric anomalous cyclone over the northwestern Pacific, weakening the northwestern Pacific subtropical high and caused an eastward shift of the high. As a result, transportation of wet and warm moisture from tropical oceans to southern China decreased. The La Nina event also strengthened the upper-tropospheric East Asian jet stream and deepened the East Asian trough, favoring a southward intrusion of dry northerly flow from the Siberia. The La Nina condition in the previous two seasons also seemed to provide precursory signals for the drought. Moreover, in January-May 2011, the NAO was in a positive phase and it tended to excite stationary Rossby waves that were distributed along the sub-polar and subtropical waveguides, respectively. The sub-polar one induced an anomalous anticyclone over the Siberia, favoring a southward intrusion of high-latitude northerly flow to southern China. The subtropical one, associated possibly with the enhanced convection over the broad region from the Mediterranean to Sahara, was favorable for an influence of upper-tropospheric flow on southern China. The TP might also exert an influence on the drought by weakening the westerly flow to the southern flank of TP and reducing water vapor transport from the Bay of Bengal to southern China.
C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Sun, Chenghu] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM song.yang@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB955901,
2010CB950501, 2010CB950404]; National Science and Technology Support
Program of China [2009BAC51B05, 2007BAC29B04]
FX The authors thank Peiqun Zhang of the CMA National Climate center, the
two anonymous reviewers, and the Editor whose constructive comments are
helpful for improving the overall quality of the paper. This research
was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of
China (973 Program) (2012CB955901, 2010CB950501, and 2010CB950404) and
the National Science and Technology Support Program of China
(2009BAC51B05 and 2007BAC29B04).
NR 73
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D10112
DI 10.1029/2012JD017500
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 952CI
UT WOS:000304766900005
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, CF
Xie, SC
Klein, SA
Protat, A
Shupe, MD
McFarlane, SA
Comstock, JM
Delanoe, J
Deng, M
Dunn, M
Hogan, RJ
Huang, D
Jensen, MP
Mace, GG
McCoy, R
O'Connor, EJ
Turner, DD
Wang, Z
AF Zhao, Chuanfeng
Xie, Shaocheng
Klein, Stephen A.
Protat, Alain
Shupe, Matthew D.
McFarlane, Sally A.
Comstock, Jennifer M.
Delanoe, Julien
Deng, Min
Dunn, Maureen
Hogan, Robin J.
Huang, Dong
Jensen, Michael P.
Mace, Gerald G.
McCoy, Renata
O'Connor, Ewan J.
Turner, David D.
Wang, Zhien
TI Toward understanding of differences in current cloud retrievals of ARM
ground-based measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUID WATER PATH; RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; BIMODAL SIZE SPECTRA;
MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; MICROWAVE
RADIOMETER; STRATUS CLOUD; ICE CLOUDS; RADAR MEASUREMENTS
AB Accurate observations of cloud microphysical properties are needed for evaluating and improving the representation of cloud processes in climate models and better estimate of the Earth radiative budget. However, large differences are found in current cloud products retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements using various retrieval algorithms. Understanding the differences is an important step to address uncertainties in the cloud retrievals. In this study, an in-depth analysis of nine existing ground-based cloud retrievals using ARM remote sensing measurements is carried out. We place emphasis on boundary layer overcast clouds and high level ice clouds, which are the focus of many current retrieval development efforts due to their radiative importance and relatively simple structure. Large systematic discrepancies in cloud microphysical properties are found in these two types of clouds among the nine cloud retrieval products, particularly for the cloud liquid and ice particle effective radius. Note that the differences among some retrieval products are even larger than the prescribed uncertainties reported by the retrieval algorithm developers. It is shown that most of these large differences have their roots in the retrieval theoretical bases, assumptions, as well as input and constraint parameters. This study suggests the need to further validate current retrieval theories and assumptions and even the development of new retrieval algorithms with more observations under different cloud regimes.
C1 [Zhao, Chuanfeng; Xie, Shaocheng; Klein, Stephen A.; McCoy, Renata] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Protat, Alain; Delanoe, Julien] Lab Atmosphere, Guyancourt, France.
[Protat, Alain] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[McFarlane, Sally A.; Comstock, Jennifer M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Deng, Min; Wang, Zhien] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Dunn, Maureen; Huang, Dong; Jensen, Michael P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Hogan, Robin J.; O'Connor, Ewan J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Mace, Gerald G.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[O'Connor, Ewan J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Zhao, CF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM zhao6@llnl.gov
RI Hogan, Robin/M-6549-2016; Zhao, Chuanfeng/G-8546-2013; Wang,
Zhien/F-4857-2011; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014;
Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016
OI Hogan, Robin/0000-0002-3180-5157; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145;
Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982;
Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X
FU DOE ARM [DE-FG02-06ER64167]; DOE ASR [DE-SC0006974]; DOE, Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE, Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; DOE, Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Brookhaven
National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE [DE-FG02-05ER63965,
DE-FG0398ER62571]; European Union [EVK2-2000-00065]; NERC [NE/C519697/1]
FX This study is supported by the DOE ARM and ASR programs. Work at LLNL,
PNNL and BNL was performed under the auspices of the DOE, Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research by Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, by
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830,
and by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886,
respectively. The contribution of M. D. Shupe is performed under the
support by DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER63965. The Cloudnet project was funded
by the European Union from grant EVK2-2000-00065. The development of the
VARCLOUD retrieval was funded by NERC grant NE/C519697/1. The
contribution of G. G. Mace is performed under the support by DOE grant
DE-FG0398ER62571. The contribution of D. D. Turner is performed under
the support by DOE grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the ARM program.
The contribution of Z. Wang is performed under the support by DOE grant
DE-SC0006974 as part of the ASR program. The three reviewers of this
paper are gratefully acknowledged for their constructive comments.
NR 81
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D10206
DI 10.1029/2011JD016792
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 952CI
UT WOS:000304766900003
ER
PT J
AU Weidner, T
Dubey, M
Breen, NF
Ash, J
Baio, JE
Jaye, C
Fischer, DA
Drobny, GP
Castner, DG
AF Weidner, Tobias
Dubey, Manish
Breen, Nicholas F.
Ash, Jason
Baio, J. E.
Jaye, Cherno
Fischer, Daniel A.
Drobny, Gary P.
Castner, David G.
TI Direct Observation of Phenylalanine Orientations in Statherin Bound to
Hydroxyapatite Surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUM-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; SOLID-STATE NMR; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;
QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; INNER-SHELL EXCITATION; ION
MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BASIC-AMINO-ACIDS; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY;
MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; IN-SITU
AB Extracellular biomineralization proteins such as salivary statherin control the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the principal component of teeth and bones. Despite the important role that statherin plays in the regulation of hard tissue formation in humans, the surface recognition mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The protein surface interaction likely involves very specific contacts between the surface atoms and the key protein side chains. This study demonstrates for the first time the power of combining near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy with element labeling to quantify the orientation of individual side chains. In this work, the 15 amino acid N-terminal binding domain of statherin has been adsorbed onto HAP surfaces, and the orientations of phenylalanine rings F7 and F14 have been determined using NEXAFS analysis and fluorine labels at individual phenylalanine sites. The NEXAFS-derived phenylalanine tilt angles have been verified with sum frequency generation spectroscopy.
C1 [Weidner, Tobias; Dubey, Manish; Baio, J. E.; Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Breen, Nicholas F.; Ash, Jason; Drobny, Gary P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Weidner, Tobias; Dubey, Manish; Baio, J. E.; Castner, David G.] Univ Washington, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Weidner, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Mainz, Germany.
EM weidner@mpip-mainz.mpg.de; castner@uw.edu
RI Weidner, Tobias/F-8725-2012
OI Weidner, Tobias/0000-0002-7083-7004
FU NIH [DE-012554, EB-002027]; German Research Foundation [We 4478/1-1];
U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of
Chemical Sciences
FX This work was funded in part by NIH grants DE-012554 and EB-002027
(NESAC/BIO). T.W. thanks the German Research Foundation for a research
fellowship (We 4478/1-1). NEXAFS studies were performed at the NSLS,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science and Division of
Chemical Sciences.
NR 60
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 76
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 21
BP 8750
EP 8753
DI 10.1021/ja301711w
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 949IU
UT WOS:000304570700006
PM 22563672
ER
PT J
AU Bose, R
Sridharan, D
Kim, H
Solomon, GS
Waks, E
AF Bose, Ranojoy
Sridharan, Deepak
Kim, Hyochul
Solomon, Glenn S.
Waks, Edo
TI Low-Photon-Number Optical Switching with a Single Quantum Dot Coupled to
a Photonic Crystal Cavity
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE-GUIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCAVITY; SYSTEM
AB We demonstrate fast nonlinear optical switching between two laser pulses with as few as 140 photons of pulse energy by utilizing strong coupling between a single quantum dot (QD) and a photonic crystal cavity. The cavity-QD coupling is modified by a detuned pump pulse, resulting in a modulation of the scattered and transmitted amplitude of a time synchronized probe pulse that is resonant with the QD. The temporal switching response is measured to be as fast as 120 ps, demonstrating the ability to perform optical switching on picosecond timescales.
C1 [Bose, Ranojoy; Sridharan, Deepak; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bose, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM edowaks@umd.edu
OI Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426
FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; Physics Frontier Center at
the Joint Quantum Institute; Office of Naval Research Applied
Electromagnetics Center; Army Research Office MURI on hybrid quantum
interactions [W911NF09104]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0846494]
FX D. Sridharan and R. Bose contributed equally to this work. The authors
would like to acknowledge support from a DARPA Defense Science Office
grant (Grant No. W31P4Q0910013), the Physics Frontier Center at the
Joint Quantum Institute, the Office of Naval Research Applied
Electromagnetics Center, the Army Research Office MURI on hybrid quantum
interactions (Grant No. W911NF09104), and a National Science Foundation
CAREER grant (Grant No. ECCS-0846494).
NR 30
TC 94
Z9 94
U1 5
U2 52
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 22
AR 227402
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.227402
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 950NK
UT WOS:000304655800015
PM 23003653
ER
PT J
AU Chaouch, N
Temimi, M
Hagen, S
Weishampel, J
Medeiros, S
Khanbilvardi, R
AF Chaouch, Naira
Temimi, Marouane
Hagen, Scott
Weishampel, John
Medeiros, Stephen
Khanbilvardi, Reza
TI A synergetic use of satellite imagery from SAR and optical sensors to
improve coastal flood mapping in the Gulf of Mexico
SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
LA English
DT Article
DE intertidal flood mapping; multisensor; Radarsat; Landsat; image
classification
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SOUTH FLORIDA WETLANDS; ERS-1 SAR; AMAZON
FLOODPLAIN; FUSION; CLASSIFICATION; BACKSCATTERING; DELINEATION;
INUNDATION; VEGETATION
AB This work proposes a method for detecting inundation between semi-diurnal low and high water conditions in the northern Gulf of Mexico using high-resolution satellite imagery. Radarsat 1, Landsat imagery and aerial photography from the Apalachicola region in Florida were used to demonstrate and validate the algorithm. A change detection approach was implemented through the analysis of red, green and blue (RGB) false colour composites image to emphasise differences in high and low tide inundation patterns. To alleviate the effect of inherent speckle in the SAR images, we also applied ancillary optical data. The flood-prone area for the site was delineated a priori through the determination of lower and higher water contour lines with Landsat images combined with a high-resolution digital elevation model. This masking technique improved the performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to detection techniques using the entire Radarsat scene. The resulting inundation maps agreed well with historical aerial photography as the probability of detection reached 83%. The combination of SAR data and optical images, when coupled with a high-resolution digital elevation model, was shown to be useful for inundation mapping and have a great potential for evaluating wetting/drying algorithms of inland and coastal hydrodynamic models. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Chaouch, Naira] CUNY, NOAA, CREST, City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Hagen, Scott; Weishampel, John; Medeiros, Stephen] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
RP Chaouch, N (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, City Coll, Steinman Hall, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM nchaouch@ccny.cuny.edu
NR 42
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1099-1085
J9 HYDROL PROCESS
JI Hydrol. Process.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 11
BP 1617
EP 1628
DI 10.1002/hyp.8268
PG 12
WC Water Resources
SC Water Resources
GA 946KI
UT WOS:000304350100004
ER
PT J
AU Iadicola, MA
Gnaupel-Herold, TH
AF Iadicola, Mark A.
Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas H.
TI Effective X-ray elastic constant measurement for in situ stress
measurement of biaxially strained AA5754-O
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE X-ray diffraction; Aluminum alloys; Sheet forming; Plasticity; Residual
stresses; Neutron diffraction; Intergranular strain
ID CURVES
AB Accurate measurement of stresses by X-ray diffraction requires accurate X-ray elastic constants. Calibration experiments are one method to determine these for a specific material in a specific condition. In this paper, uniaxial tension experiments are used to investigate the variation of these constants after uniaxial and equal-biaxial plastic deformation for an aluminum alloy (AA5754-O) of interest to the automotive industry. These data are critical for accurate measurement of the biaxial mechanical properties of the material using a recent experimental method combining specialized sheet metal forming equipment with portable X-ray diffraction equipment. The measured effective X-ray elastic constants show some minor variation with increased plastic deformation, and this behavior was found to be consistent for both uniaxially and equal-biaxially strained samples. The use of two average values for effective X-ray elastic constants, one in the rolling direction and one transverse to the rolling direction of the sheet material, is shown to be of sufficient accuracy for the combined tests of interest. Comparison of uniaxial data measured using X-ray diffraction and standard methods show good agreement, and biaxial stress-strain results show good repeatability. Additionally, the calibration data show some non-linear behavior, which is analyzed in regards to crystallographic texture and intergranular stress effects. The non-linear behavior is found to be the result of intergranular stresses based on comparison with additional measurements using other X-ray diffraction equipment and neutron diffraction. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Iadicola, Mark A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark.iadicola@nist.gov; gnaeupel@nist.gov
OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091
NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
EI 1873-4936
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 545
BP 168
EP 175
DI 10.1016/j.msea.2012.02.100
PG 8
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA 939EZ
UT WOS:000303791700024
ER
PT J
AU Mann, JL
Vocke, RD
Kelly, WR
AF Mann, Jacqueline L.
Vocke, Robert D., Jr.
Kelly, W. Robert
TI Determination of low-level (sub-microgram) sulfur concentrations by
isotope dilution multi-collector inductively couple plasma mass
spectrometry using a 33S spike and internal normalization for mass bias
correction
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MC-ICP-MS; FOSSIL-FUELS; DIESEL FUEL; DELTA-S-34; YEAST
AB RATIONALE: The certification of sulfur (S) in Standard Reference Materials T by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been exclusively performed using isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS). The ID-TIMS measurement method is limited in its capability for low concentration measurements (< 1 mu g/g) due to the blank associated with the chemical reduction procedure (approximate to 0.2 S mg). Newly developed materials and applications, such as biofuels made from soy and nanomedicine, pose a challenge to the ID-TIMS technique because of their very low concentrations (<<1 mu g/g) of S. As described here, a measurement technique with low S blanks is essential for low-level S measurements.
METHODS: An isotope dilution (ID) multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) method combined with an internal normalization approach for mass bias correction has been used to determine lowlevel S concentrations in synthetically prepared mixtures using a S-33-enriched spike material. Dilute sulfur solutions (1 mu g S/g) were prepared from NIST SRM 3154 (Sulfate Spectrometric Solution) to test the capability of this technique for measuring very low-level S concentrations.
RESULTS: The concentration results for each solution were 0.983 +/- 0.004 mg/g (95% CI, n = 2, k = 2), 1.006 +/- 0.005 mu g/g (95% CI, n = 2, k = 2), and 0.999 +/- 0.003 mu g/g (95% CI, n = 2, k = 2), in excellent agreement with the gravimetric determination, deviating less than 0.35% and suggesting the technique can yield unbiased and accurate results. The blanks averaged 13 +/- 0.0017 ng S (1s).
CONCLUSIONS: The data results provide a clear indication that the ID-MC-ICP-MS method for the determination of low-level S concentrations is feasible. The more than one order of magnitude reduction of the blanks suggests that it is a better alternative to the ID-TIMS method for very low S materials such as are encountered in biofuels and some biochemical species. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
C1 [Mann, Jacqueline L.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Vocke, Robert D., Jr.; Kelly, W. Robert] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mann, JL (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jmann@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0951-4198
EI 1097-0231
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PD MAY 30
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 10
BP 1175
EP 1180
DI 10.1002/rcm.6214
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 926AJ
UT WOS:000302803400002
PM 22499192
ER
PT J
AU Seminoff, JA
Benson, SR
Arthur, KE
Eguchi, T
Dutton, PH
Tapilatu, RF
Popp, BN
AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Benson, Scott R.
Arthur, Karen E.
Eguchi, Tomoharu
Dutton, Peter H.
Tapilatu, Ricardo F.
Popp, Brian N.
TI Stable Isotope Tracking of Endangered Sea Turtles: Validation with
Satellite Telemetry and delta N-15 Analysis of Amino Acids
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA;
NITROGEN ISOTOPES; TROPHIC POSITION; FORAGING AREAS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN;
CARBON; ECOLOGY; ZOOPLANKTON
AB Effective conservation strategies for highly migratory species must incorporate information about long-distance movements and locations of high-use foraging areas. However, the inherent challenges of directly monitoring these factors call for creative research approaches and innovative application of existing tools. Highly migratory marine species, such as marine turtles, regularly travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers between breeding and feeding areas, but identification of migratory routes and habitat use patterns remains elusive. Here we use satellite telemetry in combination with compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids to confirm that insights from bulk tissue stable isotope analysis can reveal divergent migratory strategies and within-population segregation of foraging groups of critically endangered leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) across the Pacific Ocean. Among the 78 turtles studied, we found a distinct dichotomy in delta N-15 values of bulk skin, with distinct "low delta N-15" and "high delta N-15" groups. delta N-15 analysis of amino acids confirmed that this disparity resulted from isotopic differences at the base of the food chain and not from differences in trophic position between the two groups. Satellite tracking of 13 individuals indicated that their bulk skin delta N-15 value was linked to the particular foraging region of each turtle. These findings confirm that prevailing marine isoscapes of foraging areas can be reflected in the isotopic compositions of marine turtle body tissues sampled at nesting beaches. We use a Bayesian mixture model to show that between 82 and 100% of the 78 skin-sampled turtles could be assigned with confidence to either the eastern Pacific or western Pacific, with 33 to 66% of all turtles foraging in the eastern Pacific. Our forensic approach validates the use of stable isotopes to depict leatherback turtle movements over broad spatial ranges and is timely for establishing wise conservation efforts in light of this species' imminent risk of extinction in the Pacific.
C1 [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Benson, Scott R.; Eguchi, Tomoharu; Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Arthur, Karen E.; Popp, Brian N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Tapilatu, Ricardo F.] State Univ Papua, Marine Lab, Manokwari, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia.
[Tapilatu, Ricardo F.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
EM jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov
FU U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service; University of Hawai'i
FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. National Marine
Fisheries Service and the University of Hawai'i. The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 71
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 3
U2 74
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 29
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e37403
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037403
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959WT
UT WOS:000305349600014
PM 22666354
ER
PT J
AU Dyckovsky, AM
Olmschenk, S
AF Dyckovsky, A. M.
Olmschenk, S.
TI Analysis of photon-mediated entanglement between distinguishable matter
qubits
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-PHOTON; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; YB-II; CAVITY;
INTERFERENCE; TIME; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; DISTANCE
AB We theoretically evaluate establishing remote entanglement between distinguishable matter qubits through interference and detection of two emitted photons. The fidelity of the entanglement operation is analyzed as a function of the temporal- and frequency-mode matching between the photons emitted from each quantum memory. With a general analysis, we define limits on the absolute magnitudes of temporal- and frequency-mode mismatches in order to maintain entanglement fidelities greater than 99% with two-photon detection efficiencies greater than 90%. We apply our analysis to several selected systems of quantum memories. Results indicate that high fidelities may be achieved in each system using current experimental techniques, while maintaining acceptable rates of entanglement. Thus, it might be possible to use two-photon-mediated entanglement operations between distinguishable quantum memories to establish a network for quantum communication and distributed quantum computation.
C1 [Dyckovsky, A. M.; Olmschenk, S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Dyckovsky, A. M.; Olmschenk, S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Dyckovsky, A. M.] Loudoun Cty Publ Sch Acad Sci, Sterling, VA 20164 USA.
RP Dyckovsky, AM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM aridyckovsky@gmail.com
RI Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011
OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714
FU National Research Council (NRC)
FX We thank D. Englund and D. Budker for helpful discussions concerning the
cavity coupling of NV centers and J. V. Porto for useful comments on
this manuscript. A. M. D. acknowledges the faculty at the Loudoun County
Public Schools Academy of Science. S.O. acknowledges support from the
National Research Council (NRC) Research Associateship program.
NR 57
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 29
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 5
AR 052322
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052322
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 948TB
UT WOS:000304524400004
ER
PT J
AU Dissanayake, SE
Chan, C
Ji, S
Lee, J
Qiu, Y
Rule, KC
Lake, B
Green, M
Hagihala, M
Zheng, XG
Ng, TK
Lee, SH
AF Dissanayake, S. E.
Chan, C.
Ji, S.
Lee, J.
Qiu, Y.
Rule, K. C.
Lake, B.
Green, M.
Hagihala, M.
Zheng, X. G.
Ng, T. K.
Lee, S. -H.
TI Magnetic-field-induced instability of the cooperative paramagnetic state
in ZnxCo4-x(OD)(6)Cl-2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANTIFERROMAGNET
AB Using elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques with and without application of an external magnetic field H, the magnetic ground states of ZnxCo4-x(OD)(6)Cl-2 (x = 0,1) were studied. Our results show that for x = 0, the ground state is a magnetic long-range ordered (LRO) state where each tetrahedron forms an "umbrella"-type structure. On the other hand, for x = 1, no static ordering was observed down to 1.5 K, which resembles the behavior found in the isostructural quantum system ZnxCu4-x(OD)(6)Cl-2. When H field is applied, however, the x = 1 system develops the same LRO state as x = 0. This indicates that the x = 1 disordered state is in the vicinity of the x = 0 ordered state.
C1 [Dissanayake, S. E.; Ji, S.; Lee, J.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Chan, C.; Ng, T. K.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Qiu, Y.; Green, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.; Green, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Rule, K. C.; Lake, B.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Hagihala, M.; Zheng, X. G.] Saga Univ, Dept Phys, Saga 8408502, Japan.
RP Dissanayake, SE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RI Lee, Jooseop/A-5631-2016; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010;
OI Lee, Jooseop/0000-0002-4413-5412; Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103;
Dissanayake, Sachith/0000-0002-4703-6516; Lake,
Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46384]; HKRGC through
GRF [603410]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX We thank M.-H. Whangbo and H.-J. Koo for helpful discussions. Research
at UVA was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under
Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46384. T.K.N. and C. C. acknowledge support from
HKRGC through GRF Grant No. 603410. The work at NIST was supported in
part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 29
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 17
AR 174435
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.174435
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 948TH
UT WOS:000304525000003
ER
PT J
AU Jimenez-Garcia, K
LeBlanc, LJ
Williams, RA
Beeler, MC
Perry, AR
Spielman, IB
AF Jimenez-Garcia, K.
LeBlanc, L. J.
Williams, R. A.
Beeler, M. C.
Perry, A. R.
Spielman, I. B.
TI Peierls Substitution in an Engineered Lattice Potential
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; NEUTRAL ATOMS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; WAVE
AB Artificial gauge fields open the possibility to realize quantum many-body systems with ultracold atoms, by engineering Hamiltonians usually associated with electronic systems. In the presence of a periodic potential, artificial gauge fields may bring ultracold atoms closer to the quantum Hall regime. Here, we describe a one-dimensional lattice derived purely from effective Zeeman shifts resulting from a combination of Raman coupling and radio-frequency magnetic fields. In this lattice, the tunneling matrix element is generally complex. We control both the amplitude and the phase of this tunneling parameter, experimentally realizing the Peierls substitution for ultracold neutral atoms.
C1 [Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Perry, A. R.; Spielman, I. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jimenez-Garcia, K.; LeBlanc, L. J.; Williams, R. A.; Beeler, M. C.; Perry, A. R.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jimenez-Garcia, K.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Dept Fis, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07360, DF, Mexico.
RP Jimenez-Garcia, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ian.spielman@nist.gov
RI Williams, Ross/C-3429-2012;
OI Williams, Ross/0000-0001-9347-0922
FU ARO; DARPA's OLE; Atomtronics-MURI; NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier
Center
FX We appreciate enlightening conversations with G. Juzeliunas, N. R.
Cooper, and W. D. Phillips. This work was partially supported by the ARO
with funding from DARPA's OLE program and the Atomtronics-MURI, and the
NSF through the JQI Physics Frontier Center. K.J.-G. thanks CONACYT,
L.J.L. thanks NSERC, and M.C.B. thanks the NIST-ARRA program.
NR 20
TC 134
Z9 134
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 29
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 21
AR 225303
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.225303
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 948VO
UT WOS:000304531100015
PM 23003612
ER
PT J
AU Liu, YY
Lee, SK
Muhling, BA
Lamkin, JT
Enfield, DB
AF Liu, Yanyun
Lee, Sang-Ki
Muhling, Barbara A.
Lamkin, John T.
Enfield, David B.
TI Significant reduction of the Loop Current in the 21st century and its
impact on the Gulf of Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; MODEL;
TRANSPORT; CYCLE
AB This study examines the potential impact of future anthropogenic global warming on the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) by using a downscaled high-resolution ocean model constrained with the surface forcing fields and initial and boundary conditions obtained from the IPCC-AR4 model simulations under A1B scenario. The simulated volume transport by the Loop Current (LC) is reduced considerably by 20-25% during the 21st century, consistent with a similar rate of reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The effect of the LC in the present climate is to warm the GoM, therefore the reduced LC and the associated weakening of the warm LC eddy have a cooling impact in the GoM, particularly in the northern basin. Due to this cooling influence, the northern GoM is characterized as the region of minimal warming. Low-resolution models, such as the IPCC-AR4 models, underestimate the reduction of the LC and its cooling effect, thus fail to simulate the reduced warming feature in the northern GoM. The potential implications of the reduced warming in the northern GoM on pelagic fish species and their spawning patterns are also discussed.
C1 [Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Liu, Yanyun; Lee, Sang-Ki; Muhling, Barbara A.; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Muhling, Barbara A.; Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Liu, YY (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM yanyun.liu@noaa.gov
RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Liu,
Yanyun/A-5785-2011
OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079;
Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fishery and The
Environment (FATE); National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX We would like to thank Eric Des Barton and two anonymous reviewers for
their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a significant
improvement of the paper. This work was supported by a grant from the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fishery and The
Environment (FATE) program and a grant from the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
NR 20
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 26
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C05039
DI 10.1029/2011JC007555
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 949HN
UT WOS:000304567400002
ER
PT J
AU Allen, JH
Clark, CA
Denig, WF
Wilkinson, DC
AF Allen, J. H.
Clark, C. A.
Denig, W. F.
Wilkinson, D. C.
TI Historical Upper Atmosphere Geophysics Reports Now Available Online
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Clark, C. A.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Solar & Terr Phys Div, Indices & Solar Images Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM Joe.H.Allen@noaa.gov; craig.a.clark@noaa.gov; William.Denig@noaa.gov;
daniel.c.wilkinson@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1539-4956
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD MAY 26
PY 2012
VL 10
AR S05007
DI 10.1029/2012SW000802
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 949CT
UT WOS:000304554200001
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, PR
Blume, D
Yin, XY
Flynn, WF
Tiesinga, E
AF Johnson, P. R.
Blume, D.
Yin, X. Y.
Flynn, W. F.
Tiesinga, E.
TI Effective renormalized multi-body interactions of harmonically confined
ultracold neutral bosons
SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; COLD ATOMS; MEAN-FIELD; RECOMBINATION;
COLLISIONS; GASES; UNIVERSALITY; PHYSICS; SYSTEM; STATES
AB We calculate the renormalized effective two-, three- and four-body interactions for N neutral ultracold bosons in the ground state of an isotropic harmonic trap, assuming two-body interactions modeled with the combination of a zero-range and energy-dependent pseudopotential. We work to third-order in the scattering length a(t)(0) defined at zero collision energy, which is necessary to obtain both the leading-order effective four-body interaction and consistently include corrections for realistic two-body interactions. The leading-order, effective three-and four-body interaction energies are U-3 (omega) = -(0.85576...)[a(t)(0)/sigma(omega)](2) + 2.7921(1)[a(t)(0)/sigma(omega)](3) + O(a(t)(4)) and U-4(omega) = +(2.43317...)[a(t)(0)/sigma(omega)](3) + O(a(t)(4)), where omega and sigma(omega) are the harmonic oscillator frequency and length, respectively, and energies are in units of h omega. The one-standard deviation error +/- 0.0001 for the third-order coefficient in U-3(omega) is due to numerical uncertainty in estimating a slowly converging sum; the other two coefficients are either analytically or numerically exact. The effective three-and four-body interactions can play an important role in the dynamics of tightly confined and strongly correlated systems. We also performed numerical simulations for a finite-range (FR) boson-boson potential, and it was comparison to the zero-range predictions which revealed that finite-range effects must be taken into account for a realistic third-order treatment. In particular, we show that the energy-dependent pseudopotential accurately captures, through third order, the finite-range physics, and in combination with the multi-body effective interactions gives excellent agreement with the numerical simulations, validating our theoretical analysis and predictions.
C1 [Johnson, P. R.; Flynn, W. F.] American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Blume, D.; Yin, X. Y.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Tiesinga, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Johnson, PR (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
EM pjohnson@american.edu
FU US Army Research Office [60661PH]; NSF Physical Frontier Center; NSF
[PHY-0855332]
FX PRJ and ET acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office under
contract/grant 60661PH. PRJ acknowledges additional support from the
Research Corporation for Science Advancement and computing resources
provided by the American University High Performance Computing System.
ET acknowledges support from a NSF Physical Frontier Center. DB and XYY
gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Kevin Daily and support
by the NSF through grant PHY-0855332. PRJ thanks Nathan Harshman for
numerous helpful conversations.
NR 69
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1367-2630
J9 NEW J PHYS
JI New J. Phys.
PD MAY 25
PY 2012
VL 14
AR 053037
DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053037
PG 36
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 953OM
UT WOS:000304879000003
ER
PT J
AU Maddy, ES
DeSouza-Machado, SG
Nalli, NR
Barnet, CD
Strow, LL
Wolf, WW
Xie, H
Gambacorta, A
King, TS
Joseph, E
Morris, V
Hannon, SE
Schou, P
AF Maddy, E. S.
DeSouza-Machado, S. G.
Nalli, N. R.
Barnet, C. D.
Strow, L. L.
Wolf, W. W.
Xie, H.
Gambacorta, A.
King, T. S.
Joseph, E.
Morris, V.
Hannon, S. E.
Schou, P.
TI On the effect of dust aerosols on AIRS and IASI operational level 2
products
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE; RETRIEVALS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; MODEL
AB Satellite retrievals of environmental parameters can enable a global scale understanding of various atmospheric phenomena. Validation of these retrievals using in situ and other correlative measurements is critical to the success of our accurate interpretation of such phenomena. In this paper, we analyze the effect of dust on AIRS and IASI operational level 2 profiles using data obtained from the 2009-2011 AEROSE campaigns. We find that the presence of dust in the AIRS and IASI measurements biases the cloud-cleared radiances by as much as 4 K. In addition, we find that the temperature and surface temperature retrievals resultant from these cloud-cleared radiances show 2 to 3 K spurious oscillations throughout the troposphere.
C1 [Maddy, E. S.; Gambacorta, A.; King, T. S.] Riverside Technol Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20706 USA.
[DeSouza-Machado, S. G.; Strow, L. L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[DeSouza-Machado, S. G.; Hannon, S. E.; Schou, P.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Nalli, N. R.; Xie, H.] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Barnet, C. D.; Wolf, W. W.] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Joseph, E.; Morris, V.] Howard Univ, NCAS, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
RP Maddy, ES (reprint author), Riverside Technol Inc, 5012 Auth Rd,Ste 20, Camp Springs, MD 20706 USA.
EM eric.maddy@noaa.gov
RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Wolf,
Walter/E-7935-2011; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011; Maddy,
Eric/G-3683-2010
OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833;
Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X
FU NASA Research Announcement (NRA) [NNH09ZDA001N]; Research Opportunities
in Space and Earth Science (ROSES); Science of Terra and Aqua; NOAA
Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Office (NJO); GOES-R Algorithm
Working Group; STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division
(SMCD); NOAA [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623]; NOAA for Atmospheric Science
(NCAS) at Howard University
FX This research was supported in part by NASA Research Announcement (NRA)
NNH09ZDA001N, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES-
2009), Program Element A. 41: The Science of Terra and Aqua, the NOAA
Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Office (NJO), the GOES-R Algorithm
Working Group, and the STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology
Division (SMCD) (M. D. Goldberg, SMCD Division Chief). AEROSE is
supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program grant NA17AE1625,
NOAA grant NA17AE1623 to establish the NOAA Center for Atmospheric
Science (NCAS) at Howard University; we also wish to acknowledge A.
Flores and M. Oyola (Howard University), and A. Smirnov (NASA/GSFC), for
their assistance with AEROSE Microtops measurements. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors
and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 28
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 25
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L10809
DI 10.1029/2012GL052070
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 949FD
UT WOS:000304561100005
ER
PT J
AU Mayle, M
Rittenhouse, ST
Schmelcher, P
Sadeghpour, HR
AF Mayle, M.
Rittenhouse, S. T.
Schmelcher, P.
Sadeghpour, H. R.
TI Electric field control in ultralong-range triatomic polar Rydberg
molecules
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID DIPOLE-MOMENT; BLOCKADE; ATOMS; GAS
AB We theoretically explore the external electric field control of a species of ultralong-range molecules that emerge from the interaction of a ground-state polar molecule with a Rydberg atom. The external field mixes the Rydberg electronic states and, therefore, strongly alters the electric field seen by the polar diatomic molecule due to the Rydberg electron. As a consequence, the adiabatic potential energy curves responsible for the molecular binding can be tuned in such a way that an intersection with neighboring curves occurs. The latter leads to admixture of s-wave character in the Rydberg wave function and will substantially facilitate the experimental preparation and realization of this particular class of Rydberg molecule species.
C1 [Mayle, M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Mayle, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rittenhouse, S. T.; Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Schmelcher, P.] Univ Hamburg, Zentrum Opt Quantentechnol, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
RP Mayle, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Mayle, Michael/A-2423-2009; Schmelcher, Peter/D-9592-2014
OI Schmelcher, Peter/0000-0002-2637-0937
FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); NSF through ITAMP at Harvard
University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
FX M.M. acknowledges financial support by a fellowship within the
postdoc-programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). S.T.R.
and H.R.S. acknowledge financial support from the NSF through ITAMP at
Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
NR 24
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 24
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 5
AR 052511
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052511
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 946XR
UT WOS:000304391300005
ER
PT J
AU Sawyer, BC
Britton, JW
Keith, AC
Wang, CCJ
Freericks, JK
Uys, H
Biercuk, MJ
Bollinger, JJ
AF Sawyer, Brian C.
Britton, Joseph W.
Keith, Adam C.
Wang, C-C. Joseph
Freericks, James K.
Uys, Hermann
Biercuk, Michael J.
Bollinger, John J.
TI Spectroscopy and Thermometry of Drumhead Modes in a Mesoscopic
Trapped-Ion Crystal Using Entanglement
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-ORDER MODES; PENNING-TRAP; ELECTROSTATIC MODES; QUANTUM SIMULATION;
NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; LIQUIDS; SPINS; STATE; ATOM
AB We demonstrate spectroscopy and thermometry of individual motional modes in a mesoscopic 2D ion array using entanglement-induced decoherence as a method of transduction. Our system is a similar to 400 mu m-diameter planar crystal of several hundred Be-9(+) ions exhibiting complex drumhead modes in the confining potential of a Penning trap. Exploiting precise control over the Be-9(+) valence electron spins, we apply a homogeneous spin-dependent optical dipole force to excite arbitrary transverse modes with an effective wavelength approaching the interparticle spacing (similar to 20 mu m). Center-of-mass displacements below 1 nm are detected via the entanglement of spin and motional degrees of freedom.
C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.; Britton, Joseph W.; Bollinger, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Keith, Adam C.; Wang, C-C. Joseph; Freericks, James K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
[Uys, Hermann] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Biercuk, Michael J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM brian.sawyer@boulder.nist.gov
RI Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010; Freericks, James/D-7502-2011;
OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165
FU ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems [CE110001013];
NSF [DMR-1004268]; Georgetown University; DARPA-OLE; NIST
FX This work was supported by the DARPA-OLE program and NIST. M. J. Biercuk
and J. J. Bollinger acknowledge partial support from the ARC Centre of
Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, CE110001013. A. C. Keith was
supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1004268. J. K. Freericks was
supported by the McDevitt endowment bequest at Georgetown University. We
thank D. H. E. Dubin, D. Porras, K.-K. Ni, D. Slichter, and S. Manmana
for comments on the manuscript. This manuscript is a contribution of
NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright.
NR 38
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 24
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 21
AR 213003
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.213003
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 947CT
UT WOS:000304405000005
PM 23003249
ER
PT J
AU Tomillo, PS
Saba, VS
Blanco, GS
Stock, CA
Paladino, FV
Spotila, JR
AF Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian
Saba, Vincent S.
Blanco, Gabriela S.
Stock, Charles A.
Paladino, Frank V.
Spotila, James R.
TI Climate Driven Egg and Hatchling Mortality Threatens Survival of Eastern
Pacific Leatherback Turtles
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINO-LAS-BAULAS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; EL-NINO; COSTA-RICA;
INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; SEX DETERMINATION; SAND TEMPERATURE;
CARETTA-CARETTA; EMERGENCE; FREQUENCY
AB Egg-burying reptiles need relatively stable temperature and humidity in the substrate surrounding their eggs for successful development and hatchling emergence. Here we show that egg and hatchling mortality of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in northwest Costa Rica were affected by climatic variability (precipitation and air temperature) driven by the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Drier and warmer conditions associated with El Nino increased egg and hatchling mortality. The fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projects a warming and drying in Central America and other regions of the World, under the SRES A2 development scenario. Using projections from an ensemble of global climate models contributed to the IPCC report, we project that egg and hatchling survival will rapidly decline in the region over the next 100 years by similar to 50-60%, due to warming and drying in northwestern Costa Rica, threatening the survival of leatherback turtles. Warming and drying trends may also threaten the survival of sea turtles in other areas affected by similar climate changes.
C1 [Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian; Blanco, Gabriela S.; Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Tomillo, Pilar Santidrian] Leatherback Trust, Goldring Marine Biol Stn, Playa Grande, Costa Rica.
[Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Stock, Charles A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN USA.
RP Tomillo, PS (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM ms454@drexel.edu
RI Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/N-5406-2014;
OI Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/0000-0002-6895-7218; Stock,
Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013
FU Leatherback Trust; Betz Chair Endowment of Drexel University; Earthwatch
Institute
FX Financial support was provided by The Leatherback Trust
(www.leatherback.org), the Betz Chair Endowment of Drexel University and
the Earthwatch Institute (www.earthwatch.org). The funders had no role
in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 45
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 7
U2 112
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 23
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e37602
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0037602
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959TH
UT WOS:000305335800063
PM 22649544
ER
PT J
AU Cao, HL
Tian, JF
Miotkowski, I
Shen, T
Hu, JN
Qiao, S
Chen, YP
AF Cao, Helin
Tian, Jifa
Miotkowski, Ireneusz
Shen, Tian
Hu, Jiuning
Qiao, Shan
Chen, Yong P.
TI Quantized Hall Effect and Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in Highly Doped
Bi2Se3: Evidence for Layered Transport of Bulk Carriers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE DIRAC CONE; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; SURFACE-STATES; FIELD;
NANORIBBONS
AB Bi2Se3 is an important semiconductor thermoelectric material and a prototype topological insulator. Here we report observation of Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations accompanied by quantized Hall resistances (R-xy) in highly doped n-type Bi2Se3 with bulk carrier concentrations of few 10(19) cm(-3). Measurements under tilted magnetic fields show that the magnetotransport is 2D-like, where only the c-axis component of the magnetic field controls the Landau level formation. The quantized step size in 1/R-xy is found to scale with the sample thickness, and average similar to e(2)/h per quintuple layer. We show that the observed magnetotransport features do not come from the sample surface, but arise from the bulk of the sample acting as many parallel 2D electron systems to give a multilayered quantum Hall effect. In addition to revealing a new electronic property of Bi2Se3, our finding also has important implications for electronic transport studies of topological insulator materials.
C1 [Cao, Helin; Tian, Jifa; Miotkowski, Ireneusz; Shen, Tian; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Cao, Helin; Tian, Jifa; Hu, Jiuning; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Shen, Tian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hu, Jiuning; Chen, Yong P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Qiao, Shan] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
RP Chen, YP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM yongchen@purdue.edu
RI Cao, Helin/G-5521-2012; Chen, Yong/K-7017-2012; Cao, Helin/B-5908-2013;
Tian, Jifa/C-4047-2013
OI Chen, Yong/0000-0002-7356-4179; Tian, Jifa/0000-0003-2921-470X
FU National Science Foundation [DMR0654118]; State of Florida; Purdue
Birck/MIND Center; Intel; DARPA
FX We acknowledge partial support from a Purdue Birck/MIND Center seed
grant, Intel, and DARPA during various stages of the study. The
magnetotransport measurements were performed at the National High
Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), which is jointly supported by the
National Science Foundation (DMR0654118) and the State of Florida. We
thank E. Palm, L. Engel, and Z. Jiang for experimental help. We also
acknowledge discussions with J. P. Hu, Z. Fang, and L. Balicas.
NR 34
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 5
U2 75
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 23
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 21
AR 216803
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.216803
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 947CQ
UT WOS:000304404700022
PM 23003290
ER
PT J
AU Cahill, JTS
Blewett, DT
Nguyen, NV
Xu, K
Kirillov, OA
Lawrence, SJ
Denevi, BW
Coman, EI
AF Cahill, Joshua T. S.
Blewett, David T.
Nguyen, N. V.
Xu, Kun
Kirillov, Oleg A.
Lawrence, Samuel J.
Denevi, Brett W.
Coman, Ecaterina I.
TI Determination of iron metal optical constants: Implications for
ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared remote sensing of airless bodies
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; MERCURY; SURFACE; FE; NI; CO; TI; PD
AB Iron metal is an opaque phase common in planetary materials both as an igneous mineral and as a space-weathering by-product. In either form, iron metal has a large influence on the interpretation of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectra of planetary surfaces obtained from Earth- or space-based observatories. Therefore, the optical properties of iron are a critical input necessary for accurate theoretical radiative-transfer mixing models for inversion of maturity and mineral proportions from reflectance spectra. Here we report new measurements of the optical constants of iron in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (similar to 160 to 1700 nm). These values are determined from an iron metal film vapor-deposited onto a fused silica prism. Optical constant determination is carried out using an ellipsometer that performs the measurement within the prism, sensing the side of the metal film unexposed to the ambient atmosphere. The data we report have important implications for modeling planetary spectra and for comparison of laboratory measurements of extraterrestrial samples with remotely sensed data sets. Citation: Cahill, J. T. S., D. T. Blewett, N. V. Nguyen, K. Xu, O. A. Kirillov, S. J. Lawrence, B. W. Denevi, and E. I. Coman (2012), Determination of iron metal optical constants: Implications for ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared remote sensing of airless bodies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10204, doi:10.1029/2012GL051630.
C1 [Cahill, Joshua T. S.; Blewett, David T.; Denevi, Brett W.; Coman, Ecaterina I.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Nguyen, N. V.; Xu, Kun; Kirillov, Oleg A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Xu, Kun] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Lawrence, Samuel J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Coman, Ecaterina I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Cahill, JTS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM joshua.cahill@jhuapl.edu
RI Cahill, Joshua/I-3656-2012; Denevi, Brett/I-6502-2012; Blewett,
David/I-4904-2012
OI Cahill, Joshua/0000-0001-6874-5533; Denevi, Brett/0000-0001-7837-6663;
Blewett, David/0000-0002-9241-6358
FU NASA [NNX09AN33G, NNX10AC60G]
FX The authors thank Ed Cloutis and Bruce Hapke for their constructive
reviews. This work is supported by NASA grants to D. T. Blewett
(Planetary Mission Data Analysis Program grant NNX09AN33G and Lunar
Advanced Science and Exploration Research grant NNX10AC60G).
NR 28
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 23
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L10204
DI 10.1029/2012GL051630
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 949EY
UT WOS:000304560600001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, JY
Fuhrer, T
Fu, WJ
Ge, JC
Bearden, DW
Dallas, J
Duchamp, J
Walker, K
Champion, H
Azurmendi, H
Harich, K
Dorn, HC
AF Zhang, Jianyuan
Fuhrer, Tim
Fu, Wujun
Ge, Jiechao
Bearden, Daniel W.
Dallas, Jerry
Duchamp, James
Walker, Kenneth
Champion, Hunter
Azurmendi, Hugo
Harich, Kim
Dorn, Harry C.
TI Nanoscale Fullerene Compression of an Yttrium Carbide Cluster
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENDOHEDRAL METALLOFULLERENE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; CARBON CAGE;
Y2C3; STABILIZATION; SC2C2-AT-C-82; PRESSURE; METALS; ISOMER; FAMILY
AB The nanoscale parameters of metal clusters and lattices have a crucial influence on the macroscopic properties of materials. Herein, we provide a detailed study on the size and shape of isolated yttrium carbide clusters in different fullerene cages. A family of diyttrium endohedral metallofullerenes with the general formula of Y2C2n (n = 40-59) are reported. The high field C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) methods are employed to examine this yttrium carbide cluster in certain family members, Y2C2@D-5(450)-C-100, Y2C2@D-3(85)-C-92, Y2C2@C-84, Y2C2@C-3v(8)-C-82, and Y2C2@C-5(6)-C-82. The results of this study suggest that decreasing the size of a fullerene cage with the same (Y2C2)(4+) cluster results in nanoscale fullerene compression (NFC) from a nearly linear stretched geometry to a constrained "butterfly" structure. The C-13 NMR chemical shift and scalar (1)J(YC) coupling parameters provide a very sensitive measure of this NFC effect for the (Y2C2)(4+) cluster. The crystal structural parameters of a previously reported metal carbide, Y2C3 are directly compared to the (Y2C2)(4+) cluster in the current metallofullerene study.
C1 [Zhang, Jianyuan; Fuhrer, Tim; Fu, Wujun; Ge, Jiechao; Duchamp, James; Champion, Hunter; Azurmendi, Hugo; Harich, Kim; Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Bearden, Daniel W.; Dallas, Jerry] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Walker, Kenneth] Luna Innovat Inc, NanoWorks Div, Danville, VA 24541 USA.
[Dorn, Harry C.] Virginia Tech, Caril Res Inst, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA.
RP Dorn, HC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
EM hdorn@vt.edu
RI Dorn, Harry/K-6830-2013; Zhang, Jianyuan/I-4996-2014
NR 35
TC 39
Z9 41
U1 4
U2 65
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 23
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 20
BP 8487
EP 8493
DI 10.1021/ja300134x
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 945OK
UT WOS:000304285700045
PM 22497289
ER
PT J
AU Kwon, EY
Hain, MP
Sigman, DM
Galbraith, ED
Sarmiento, JL
Toggweiler, JR
AF Kwon, Eun Young
Hain, Mathis P.
Sigman, Daniel M.
Galbraith, Eric D.
Sarmiento, Jorge L.
Toggweiler, J. R.
TI North Atlantic ventilation of "southern-sourced" deep water in the
glacial ocean
SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERGLACIAL CO2 VARIATIONS; ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LAST
DEGLACIATION; CARBON-CYCLE; HIGH-LATITUDE; GLOBAL OCEAN; CIRCULATION;
STRATIFICATION; EXCHANGE
AB One potential mechanism for lowering atmospheric CO2 during glacial times is an increase in the fraction of the global ocean ventilated by the North Atlantic, which produces deep water with a low concentration of unused nutrients and thus drives the ocean's biological pump to a high efficiency. However, the data indicate that during glacial times, a water mass low in C-13/C-12 and C-14/C occupied the deep Atlantic, apparently at the expense of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). This water is commonly referred to as "southern-sourced" because of its apparent entry into the Atlantic basin from the South, prompting the inference that it was ventilated at the Southern Ocean surface. Here, we propose that this deep Atlantic water mass actually included a large fraction of North Atlantic-ventilated water, the chemical characteristics of which were altered by recirculation in the deep Southern and Indo-Pacific oceans. In an ocean model sensitivity experiment that reduces Antarctic Bottom Water formation and weakens its overturning circulation, we find that a much greater fraction of NADW is transported into the Southern Ocean without contacting the surface and is entrained and mixed into the southern-sourced deep water that spreads into the global abyssal ocean. Thus, North Atlantic ventilation takes over more of the ocean interior, lowering atmospheric CO2, and yet the abyssal Atlantic is filled from the South with old water low in C-13/C-12 and C-14/C, consistent with glacial data.
C1 [Kwon, Eun Young] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Hain, Mathis P.; Sigman, Daniel M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
[Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Toggweiler, J. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,7127 Math Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM ekwon@atmos.ucla.edu
RI Hain, Mathis/I-5252-2012; Sigman, Daniel/A-2649-2008; Galbraith,
Eric/F-9469-2014
OI Hain, Mathis/0000-0002-8478-1857; Sigman, Daniel/0000-0002-7923-1973;
Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232
FU U.S. NSF; German DFG; Humboldt Foundation; MacArthur Foundation; Siebel
Energy Grand Challenge and Walbridge Fund Award at Princeton; NSF
[ANT-1040957]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310096]
FX We thank Jess Adkins for the invaluable and constructive discussions
while preparing this manuscript. We also thank Joellen Russell and Anand
Gnanadesikan for useful comments. Comments from anonymous reviewers and
the editor, Christopher Charles, also helped improve this manuscript.
M.P.H and D.M.S. acknowledge support by the U.S. NSF, the German DFG,
the Humboldt and MacArthur Foundations, and the Siebel Energy Grand
Challenge and Walbridge Fund Award at Princeton E.Y.K. and J.L.S.
acknowledge award ANT-1040957 from NSF and award NA07OAR4310096 from
NOAA. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U. S. Department
of Commerce.
NR 88
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 40
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0883-8305
J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
JI Paleoceanography
PD MAY 23
PY 2012
VL 27
AR PA2208
DI 10.1029/2011PA002211
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology
SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology
GA 949PI
UT WOS:000304587700001
ER
PT J
AU Kim, SW
Barth, MC
Trainer, M
AF Kim, S. -W.
Barth, M. C.
Trainer, M.
TI Influence of fair-weather cumulus clouds on isoprene chemistry
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ORGANIC AEROSOL
FORMATION; SHALLOW CUMULUS; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT;
TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; DIURNAL
CYCLE
AB Fair-weather cumulus clouds are not resolved in regional- and global-scale atmospheric chemistry models because their horizontal extent is less than the horizontal resolution of the model. A Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) model, with finer grid resolution, can resolve the energy containing turbulent eddies and fair-weather cumulus clouds. Isoprene, which is mainly emitted from deciduous forests and plays a significant role in producing ozone, has a chemical lifetime similar to the boundary layer turbulence turnover time, indicating that turbulent transport, cloud processes, and chemistry are all potentially important for the prediction of ambient isoprene concentrations. The LES model coupled with chemistry developed in this study is an ideal tool to examine the influence of fair-weather cumulus clouds on isoprene chemistry. With a LES model that includes a moderately complex gas-phase chemical mechanism of isoprene oxidation, we find enhancement of isoprene, methacrolein, and methylvinyl ketone in the cloud layer while changes in these chemical species' mixing ratios in the subcloud layer relative to the cloud-free case vary depending on the chemical lifetimes. We demonstrate that nitrogen oxides put into the system can modulate the chemical lifetimes of isoprene and related chemical species, which in turn changes the vertical distribution of the chemical species. For high NOx conditions, ozone in the subcloud layer for the cloudy case is similar to 5 ppbv lower than that for the cloud-free case, suggesting potential positive ozone bias in large-scale models that do not include fair-weather cumulus cloud processes.
C1 [Kim, S. -W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kim, S. -W.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Barth, M. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM siwan.kim@noaa.gov
RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X;
FU EPA STAR [R825379]; National Science Foundation; NOAA's Health of the
Atmosphere
FX Our thanks go to Kenneth Davis, Chin-Hoh Moeng, Peter Sullivan, and Ned
Patton for initiation of the study and the development of NCAR LES
model. Authors thank Alex Guenther and Christine Wiedinmyer for
radiation data used to calculate the cloud shade effect. Authors thank
Sungsu Park for a reference about cloud atlas. Helpful reviews by Don
Lenschow and anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. A part of this
work was supported by the EPA STAR grant R825379. The National Center
for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science
Foundation. The authors acknowledge support from NOAA's Health of the
Atmosphere.
NR 68
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 24
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 22
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D10302
DI 10.1029/2011JD017099
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 949FP
UT WOS:000304562400001
ER
PT J
AU Alin, SR
Feely, RA
Dickson, AG
Hernandez-Ayon, JM
Juranek, LW
Ohman, MD
Goericke, R
AF Alin, Simone R.
Feely, Richard A.
Dickson, Andrew G.
Martin Hernandez-Ayon, J.
Juranek, Lauren W.
Ohman, Mark D.
Goericke, Ralf
TI Robust empirical relationships for estimating the carbonate system in
the southern California Current System and application to CalCOFI
hydrographic cruise data (2005-2011)
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; INORGANIC CARBON; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; UPWELLING
SYSTEM; MARINE; ECOSYSTEM; CO2; VARIABILITY; SHELF; ALKALINITY
AB The California Current System (CCS) is expected to experience the ecological impacts of ocean acidification (OA) earlier than most other ocean regions because coastal upwelling brings old, CO2-rich water relatively close to the surface ocean. Historical inorganic carbon measurements are scarce, so the progression of OA in the CCS is unknown. We used a multiple linear regression approach to generate empirical models using oxygen (O-2), temperature (T), salinity (S), and sigma theta (sigma(theta)) as proxy variables to reconstruct pH, carbonate saturation states, carbonate ion concentration ([CO32-]), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration, and total alkalinity (TA) in the southern CCS. The calibration data included high-quality measurements of carbon, oxygen, and other hydrographic variables, collected during a cruise from British Columbia to Baja California in May-June 2007. All resulting empirical relationships were robust, with r(2) values >0.92 and low root mean square errors. Estimated and measured carbon chemistry matched very well for independent data sets from the CalCOFI and IMECOCAL programs. Reconstructed CCS pH and saturation states for 2005-2011 reveal a pronounced seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability in the upper water column. Deeper in the water column, conditions are stable throughout the annual cycle, with perennially low pH and saturation states. Over sub-decadal time scales, these empirical models provide a valuable tool for reconstructing carbonate chemistry related to ocean acidification where direct observations are limited. However, progressive increases in anthropogenic CO2 content of southern CCS water masses must be carefully addressed to apply the models over longer time scales.
C1 [Alin, Simone R.; Feely, Richard A.; Juranek, Lauren W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Dickson, Andrew G.; Ohman, Mark D.; Goericke, Ralf] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Martin Hernandez-Ayon, J.] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Inst Invest Oceanol, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
[Juranek, Lauren W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Alin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM simone.r.alin@noaa.gov
OI Hernandez-Ayon, Jose Martin/0000-0001-6869-6225
FU CONACyT [25339, 23804, 2008-99252]; NOAA; NSF; Joint Institute for the
Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148]
FX We thank the scientists and crew of the 2007 West Coast Cruise for
generating a high-quality calibration data set and the scientists and
crew of the CalCOFI and IMECOCAL programs (IMECOCAL funded by CONACyT
25339, 23804, 2008-99252) for making their hydrographic time series
available. This work was supported by the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle and
Ocean Acidification Programs and a contribution from the California
Current Ecosystem LTER site, supported by NSF. This publication was
partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere
and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. This
is PMEL contribution 3743 and JISAO contribution 2022.
NR 59
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 43
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 22
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C05033
DI 10.1029/2011JC007511
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 949HB
UT WOS:000304566200002
ER
PT J
AU Prabhu, VM
Kang, SH
Sha, J
Bonnesen, PV
Satija, S
Wu, WL
Ober, CK
AF Prabhu, Vivek M.
Kang, Shuhui
Sha, Jing
Bonnesen, Peter V.
Satija, Sushil
Wu, Wen-li
Ober, Christopher K.
TI Neutron Reflectivity Characterization of the Photoacid
Reaction-Diffusion Latent and Developed Images of Molecular Resists for
Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; LINE EDGE
ROUGHNESS; POLYMER THIN-FILMS; REACTION-KINETICS; SPATIAL EXTENT;
REACTION FRONT; DISSOLUTION; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY
AB Lithographic feature size requirements have approached a few radius of gyration of photoresist polymers used in thin-film patterning. Furthermore, the feature dimensions are commensurate with the photoacid diffusion length that defines the underlying latent image. Smaller imaging building blocks may enable reduced feature sizes; however, resolution limits are also dependent upon the spatial extent of the photoacid-catalyzed reaction diffusion front and subsequent dissolution mechanism. The reaction-diffusion front was characterized by neutron reflectivity for ccc stereoisomer-purified, deuterium-labeled tert-butoxycarbonyloxy calix[4]resorcinarene molecular resists. The spatial extent of the reaction front exceeds the size of the molecular resist with an effective diffusion constant of (0.13 +/- 0.06) nm(2)/s for reaction times longer than 60 s, with the maximum at shorter times. Comparison to a mean-field reaction-diffusion model shows that a photoacid trapping process provides bounds to the spatial and extent of reaction via a reaction-limited mechanism whereas the ratio of the reaction rate to trapping rate constants recovers the effective diffusion peak. Under the ideal step-exposure conditions, surface roughness was observed after either positive- or negative-tone development. However, negative-tone development follows a surfacere-structuring mechanism rather than etch-like dissolution in positive-tone development.
C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.; Kang, Shuhui; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Satija, Sushil] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sha, Jing; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Bonnesen, Peter V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM vprabhu@nist.gov
RI Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016
OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281
FU Intel Corporation [CRADA 1893]; NIST [CRADA 1893]; Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR- 0518785]
FX This work was supported by a cooperative research and development
agreement between Intel Corporation and NIST (CRADA 1893). A portion of
this research was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences under user proposal 2008-286 and was
sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The Cornell Nanoscale
Science and Technology Facility (CNF), the Cornell Center for Materials
Research (CCMR), and a grant from the National Science Foundation (DMR-
0518785) are acknowledged for the partial support of this work.
NR 73
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 32
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAY 22
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 20
BP 7665
EP 7678
DI 10.1021/la301311m
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 944UO
UT WOS:000304229500011
PM 22577835
ER
PT J
AU Rykaczewski, K
AF Rykaczewski, Konrad
TI Microdroplet Growth Mechanism during Water Condensation on
Superhydrophobic Surfaces
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID DROPWISE CONDENSATION; BREATH FIGURES; HEAT-TRANSFER; ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC
SURFACES; DROPLET; COALESCENCE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; WETTABILITY;
TRANSITIONS
AB By promoting dropwise condensation of water, nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings have the potential to dramatically increase the heat transfer rate during this phase change process. As a consequence, these coatings may be a facile method of enhancing the efficiency of power generation and water desalination systems. However, the microdroplet growth mechanism on surfaces which evince superhydrophobic characteristics during condensation is not well understood. In this work, the sub-10 pm dynamics of droplet formation on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces are studied experimentally and theoretically. A quantitative model for droplet growth in the constant base (CB) area mode is developed. The model is validated using optimized environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging of microdroplet growth on a superhydrophobic surface consisting of immobilized alumina nanoparticles modified with a hydrophobic promoter. The optimized ESEM imaging procedure increases the image acquisition rate by a factor of 10-50 as compared to previous research. With the improved imaging temporal resolution, it is demonstrated that nucleating nanodroplets coalesce to create a wetted flat spot with a diameter of a few micrometers from which the microdroplet emerges in purely CB mode. After the droplet reaches a contact angle of 130-150 degrees, its base diameter increases in a discrete steplike fashion. The droplet height does not change appreciably during this steplike base diameter increase, leading to a small decrease of the contact angle. Subsequently, the drop grows in CB mode until it again reaches the maximum contact angle and increases its base diameter in a steplike fashion. This microscopic stick-and-slip motion can occur up to four times prior to the droplet coalescence with neighboring drops. Lastly, the constant contact angle (CCA) and the CB growth models are used to show that modeling formation of a droplet with a 150 degrees contact angle in the CCA mode rather than in the CB mode severely underpredicts both the drop formation time and the average heat transfer rate through the drop.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov
FU National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC
ARRA)
FX This research was performed while I held a National Research Council
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship
Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in
Gaithersburg, MD. I kindly acknowledge Dr. Jeff Chinn from Integrated
Surface Technologies for providing the superhydrophobic sample, Dr.
William A. Osborn from NIST for the AFM surface characterization, Dr.
Marlon L. Walker from NIST for silicon wafer surface modification, and
Mr. David M. Anderson, Dr. Andrei G. Fedorov, and Dr. Peter A. Kottke
from Georgia Tech for insightful conversations and comments.
NR 78
TC 76
Z9 79
U1 14
U2 141
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAY 22
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 20
BP 7720
EP 7729
DI 10.1021/la301618h
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 944UO
UT WOS:000304229500016
PM 22548441
ER
PT J
AU Dimitriou, MD
Martinelli, E
Fischer, DA
Galli, G
Kramer, EJ
AF Dimitriou, Michael D.
Martinelli, Elisa
Fischer, Daniel A.
Galli, Giancarlo
Kramer, Edward J.
TI Surface Organization of a Perfluorocarbon-Functionalized Polystyrene
Homopolymer
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID FOULING-RELEASE PROPERTIES; AMPHIPHILIC SIDE-CHAINS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS;
MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; THIN-FILMS; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS;
LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE; POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY
AB We use the perfluorocarbon-functionalized polymer, poly(4-((1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)-oxycarbonyl)styrene) [PPFOCS], as a model system with both surface molecular segregation and molecular orientation to test the capabilities of a near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy analysis scheme for polymer surfaces. Both NEXAFS spectroscopy and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show segregation of the -(CF2)(7)CF3 chain to the air/polymer interface with the styrenic portion underneath. Postedge analysis of the NEXAFS spectra indicates a low carbon atom density surface layer, of thickness 1.0-1.4 nm, due to the overlayer of perfluorocarbon chains. An analysis of the NEXAFS C is -> pi(C=C)* and C 1s -> sigma(C-F)* transitions accounting for the different depth distributions of the phenyl rings and fluorocarbon helices reveals strong orientational ordering with the orientational order parameter S-C=C for the phenyl ring equal to -0.27 and for the C-F bonds in the fluorocarbon helix SC-F equal to -0.13. The S-C=C and SC-F determined for the polymer with the ester-linked side chain are considerably higher than those reported previously (-0.039 and 0, respectively) for a polymer [poly(4-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl)oxymethylstyrene)] with an identical side chain that was ether linked to the styrene phenyl ring.(1) We tentatively attribute the high orientation in the PPFOCS to the partial conjugation between the ester group and the phenyl ring providing a relatively stiff linkage between the perfluorocarbon helix and the phenyl ring.
C1 [Martinelli, Elisa; Galli, Giancarlo] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
[Dimitriou, Michael D.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Dimitriou, Michael D.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Galli, G (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
EM gallig@dcci.unipi.it; edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu
FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014*02-1-0170]; NSF [DMR-0704539];
NSF-MRSEC (UCSB MRL) [DMR-1121053]; Italian MiUR
FX This work was primarily supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR)
through Award No. N00014*02-1-0170. M.D.D. and E.J.K. acknowledge
partial support from the NSF Polymers Program (DMR-0704539) as well as
the use of facilities funded by the NSF-MRSEC program (UCSB MRL,
DMR-1121053). E.M. and G.G. thank the Italian MiUR (fondi PRIN) for
partial support of the work.
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD MAY 22
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 10
BP 4295
EP 4302
DI 10.1021/ma300069e
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 944SS
UT WOS:000304224700031
ER
PT J
AU Yablon, DG
Gannepalli, A
Proksch, R
Killgore, J
Hurley, DC
Grabowski, J
Tsou, AH
AF Yablon, Dalia G.
Gannepalli, Anil
Proksch, Roger
Killgore, Jason
Hurley, Donna C.
Grabowski, Jean
Tsou, Andy H.
TI Quantitative Viscoelastic Mapping of Polyolefin Blends with Contact
Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MODULATION;
TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; FILMS
AB The storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E '') of polyolefin blends have been mapped on the nanoscale with contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-FM), a dynamic contact mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Modulus values measured on various components within a blend of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene compared favorably with expected moduli of individual pure components at the contact resonance frequency that were calculated from bulk dynamic,mechanical analysis (DMA) measurement results. Absolute storage modulus values were in good agreement with DMA results, while the loss modulus values obtained from CR-FM were consistently lower than those acquired from DMA Application of CR-FM to an elastomer-containing blend resulted in moduli map artifacts due to the elastomer's high adhesion and low storage modulus, illustrating its limitation in quantifying viscoelastic properties of soft elastomers. In spite of this current limitation, the results presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of contact resonance methods for quantifying nanoscale viscoelastic properties of certain thermoplastic polymers.
C1 [Yablon, Dalia G.; Grabowski, Jean; Tsou, Andy H.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA.
[Gannepalli, Anil; Proksch, Roger] Asylum Res, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA.
[Killgore, Jason; Hurley, Donna C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Yablon, DG (reprint author), ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA.
EM dalia.g.yablon@exxonmobil.com
FU NRC at NIST
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Majia Amin (ExxonMobil Chemical Co.)
for DMA data. This research was performed while JPK held an NRC Research
Associateship Award at NIST. This work is a partial contribution of
NIST, an agency of the US government. Mention of commercial equipment,
instruments, or materials provides useful information, but does not
imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST.
NR 48
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 6
U2 74
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD MAY 22
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 10
BP 4363
EP 4370
DI 10.1021/ma2028038
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 944SS
UT WOS:000304224700039
ER
PT J
AU Rhyne, AL
Tlusty, MF
Schofield, PJ
Kaufman, L
Morris, JA
Bruckner, AW
AF Rhyne, Andrew L.
Tlusty, Michael F.
Schofield, Pamela J.
Kaufman, Les
Morris, James A., Jr.
Bruckner, Andrew W.
TI Revealing the Appetite of the Marine Aquarium Fish Trade: The Volume and
Biodiversity of Fish Imported into the United States
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CARDINALFISH PTERAPOGON-KAUDERNI; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; WILDLIFE TRADE;
REEF FISHES; INVASIONS; RISKS
AB The aquarium trade and other wildlife consumers are at a crossroads forced by threats from global climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that have weakened coastal ecosystems. While the wildlife trade may put additional stress on coral reefs, it brings income into impoverished parts of the world and may stimulate interest in marine conservation. To better understand the influence of the trade, we must first be able to quantify coral reef fauna moving through it. Herein, we discuss the lack of a data system for monitoring the wildlife aquarium trade and analyze problems that arise when trying to monitor the trade using a system not specifically designed for this purpose. To do this, we examined an entire year of import records of marine tropical fish entering the United States in detail, and discuss the relationship between trade volume, biodiversity and introduction of non-native marine fishes. Our analyses showed that biodiversity levels are higher than previous estimates. Additionally, more than half of government importation forms have numerical or other reporting discrepancies resulting in the overestimation of trade volumes by 27%. While some commonly imported species have been introduced into the coastal waters of the USA (as expected), we also found that some uncommon species in the trade have also been introduced. This is the first study of aquarium trade imports to compare commercial invoices to government forms and provides a means to, routinely and in real time, examine the biodiversity of the trade in coral reef wildlife species.
C1 [Rhyne, Andrew L.; Tlusty, Michael F.; Kaufman, Les] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA USA.
[Rhyne, Andrew L.] Roger Williams Univ, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Bristol, RI 02809 USA.
[Schofield, Pamela J.] United States Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston Univ Marine Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Kaufman, Les] Conservat Int, Arlington, VA USA.
[Morris, James A., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled Bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD USA.
RP Rhyne, AL (reprint author), New England Aquarium, Res Dept, Boston, MA USA.
EM arhyne@rwu.edu
OI Rhyne, Andrew/0000-0001-7252-3431
FU Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) as part of the International Marine
Conservation Congress workshop "International Trade in Coral Reef
Species"; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral
Reef Conservation Program [NA09NMF4000385]; EDF; NOAA
FX Seed funds to initiate this work were from the Environmental Defense
Fund (EDF) as part of the 2009 International Marine Conservation
Congress workshop "International Trade in Coral Reef Species." A
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef
Conservation Program NA09NMF4000385 to Rhyne provided funding for the
project. Two authors of this work are employees of the United States
Government, but neither they nor their respective offices had a role in
the funding of the research beyond provision of salary. The funder EDF
had no role in the study's design, data acquisition, data collection,
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The
funder NOAA Office of Habitat Conservation provided the data used in the
study but had no role in the analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 49
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 7
U2 96
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e35808
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0035808
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959VD
UT WOS:000305343100003
PM 22629303
ER
PT J
AU Glorieux, Q
Clark, JB
Marino, AM
Zhou, ZF
Lett, PD
AF Glorieux, Quentin
Clark, Jeremy B.
Marino, Alberto M.
Zhou, Zhifan
Lett, Paul D.
TI Temporally multiplexed storage of images in a gradient echo memory
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID HOLOGRAPHIC MOTION-PICTURE; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; QUANTUM MEMORY; ATOMIC
ENSEMBLES; SPIN RELAXATION
AB We study the storage and retrieval of images in a hot atomic vapor using the gradient echo memory protocol. We demonstrate that this technique allows for the storage of multiple spatial modes. We study both spatial and temporal multiplexing by storing a sequence of two different images in the atomic vapor. The effect of atomic diffusion on the spatial resolution is discussed and characterized experimentally. For short storage time a normalized spatial cross-correlation between a retrieved image and its input of 88 % is reported. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Glorieux, Quentin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Glorieux, Q (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM quentin.glorieux@nist.gov
RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012; Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013
OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233;
FU AFOSR
FX This work was supported by the AFOSR. Q.G. and P.D.L. thank Ping Koy Lam
and Ben Buchler of the Quantum Optics Group at ANU for hosting a visit
by Q.G. Q.G. thanks all the members of this group for fruitful
discussions.
NR 29
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 11
BP 12350
EP 12358
DI 10.1364/OE.20.012350
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 947CB
UT WOS:000304403100079
PM 22714222
ER
PT J
AU Knabe, K
Williams, PA
Giorgetta, FR
Armacost, CM
Crivello, S
Radunsky, MB
Newbury, NR
AF Knabe, Kevin
Williams, Paul A.
Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.
Armacost, Chris M.
Crivello, Sam
Radunsky, Michael B.
Newbury, Nathan R.
TI Frequency characterization of a swept- and fixed-wavelength
external-cavity quantum cascade laser by use of a frequency comb
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NOISE
AB The instantaneous optical frequency of an external-cavity quantum cascade laser (QCL) is characterized by comparison to a near-infrared frequency comb. Fluctuations in the instantaneous optical frequency are analyzed to determine the frequency-noise power spectral density for the external-cavity QCL both during fixed-wavelength and swept-wavelength operation. The noise performance of a near-infrared external-cavity diode laser is measured for comparison. In addition to providing basic frequency metrology of external-cavity QCLs, this comb-calibrated swept QCL system can be applied to rapid, precise broadband spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectral region. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Knabe, Kevin; Williams, Paul A.; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Newbury, Nathan R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Armacost, Chris M.; Crivello, Sam; Radunsky, Michael B.] Daylight Solut, San Diego, CA 92128 USA.
RP Knabe, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kevin.knabe@nist.gov
RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014
OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 29
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 20
IS 11
BP 12432
EP 12442
DI 10.1364/OE.20.012432
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 947CB
UT WOS:000304403100087
PM 22714230
ER
PT J
AU Dudowicz, J
Freed, KF
Douglas, JF
AF Dudowicz, Jacek
Freed, Karl F.
Douglas, Jack F.
TI Lattice cluster theory of associating telechelic polymers. III. Order
parameter and average degree of self-assembly, transition temperature,
and specific heat
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BASIC THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION;
EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; MODEL
AB The lattice cluster theory of strongly interacting, structured polymer fluids is applied to determine the thermodynamic properties of solutions of telechelic polymers that may associate through bifunctional end groups. Hence, this model represents a significant albeit natural extension of a diverse array of prior popular equilibrium polymerization models in which structureless "bead" monomers associate into chain-like clusters under equilibrium conditions. In particular, the thermodynamic description of the self-assembly of linear telechelic chains in small molecule solvents (initiated in Paper II) is systematically extended through calculations of the order parameter Phi and average degree < N > of self-assembly, the self-assembly transition temperature T-p, and the specific heat C-v of solutions of telechelic molecules. Special focus is placed on examining how molecular and thermodynamic parameters, such as the solution composition phi, temperature T, microscopic interaction energies (epsilon(s) and epsilon), and length M of individual telechelic chains, influence the computed thermodynamic quantities that are commonly used to characterize self-assembling systems. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714562]
C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu
FU NSF [CHE-1111918]
FX This research is supported, in part, by NSF (Grant No. CHE-1111918).
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 136
IS 19
AR 194902
DI 10.1063/1.4714562
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 945VC
UT WOS:000304303500039
ER
PT J
AU Dudowicz, J
Freed, KF
Douglas, JF
AF Dudowicz, Jacek
Freed, Karl F.
Douglas, Jack F.
TI Lattice cluster theory of associating polymers. IV. Phase behavior of
telechelic polymer solutions
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUILIBRIUM POLYMERIZATION; BLENDS; MODEL; MISCIBILITY; WATER
AB The newly developed lattice cluster theory (in Paper I) for the thermodynamics of solutions of telechelic polymers is used to examine the phase behavior of these complex fluids when effective polymer-solvent interactions are unfavorable. The telechelics are modeled as linear, fully flexible, polymer chains with mono-functional stickers at the two chain ends, and these chains are assumed to self-assemble upon cooling. Phase separation is generated through the interplay of self-assembly and polymer/solvent interactions that leads to an upper critical solution temperature phase separation. The variations of the boundaries for phase stability and the critical temperature and composition are analyzed in detail as functions of the number M of united atom groups in a telechelic chain and the microscopic nearest neighbor interaction energy epsilon(s) driving the self-assembly. The coupling between self-assembly and unfavorable polymer/solvent interactions produces a wide variety of nontrivial patterns of phase behavior, including an enhancement of miscibility accompanying the increase of the molar mass of the telechelics under certain circumstances. Special attention is devoted to understanding this unusual trend in miscibility. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714563]
C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM dudowicz@jfi.uchicago.edu
FU NSF [CHE-1111918]
FX The research is supported, in part, by NSF (Grant No. CHE-1111918).
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 136
IS 19
AR 194903
DI 10.1063/1.4714563
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 945VC
UT WOS:000304303500040
ER
PT J
AU Long, DA
Cygan, A
van Zee, RD
Okumura, M
Miller, CE
Lisak, D
Hodges, JT
AF Long, D. A.
Cygan, A.
van Zee, R. D.
Okumura, M.
Miller, C. E.
Lisak, D.
Hodges, J. T.
TI Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID O-2 A-BAND; ELEMENTARY CHEMICAL PROCESSES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; COMB
SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM; NOBEL LECTURE; WATER-VAPOR; SPECTROMETER;
INTENSITIES; PRESSURE
AB We describe frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS), an ultraprecise refinement of conventional CRDS. We review the technique and highlight some recent studies that have utilized FS-CRDS to perform precision measurements of molecular transitions in the near-infrared. We describe system enhancements that are currently under implementation, including Pound-Drever-Hall locking and optical frequency comb-stabilization, which have the potential to reduce the uncertainty in both the absorption and frequency axes of our spectra by more than an order of magnitude. Finally, we describe high impact applications of this capability that can exploit frequency axis uncertainty at the 10 kHz level and signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 200000:1. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Long, D. A.; van Zee, R. D.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cygan, A.; Lisak, D.] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
[Okumura, M.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM David.Long@nist.gov; mo@caltech.edu; jhodges@nist.gov
RI Cygan, Agata/E-1393-2014; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Okumura,
Mitchio/I-3326-2013
OI Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD;
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GD88G,
NNX09AE21G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0957490]; NASA
Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) [104127-04.02.02];
Foundation for Polish Science TEAM; EU; Polish NCN [N N202 2392 40];
National Science Centre [DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491]
FX We acknowledge continual support from the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, including the NIST
Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Climate Research Program, which made
much of the work described herein possible. Part of the research
described in this Letter was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was
provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth
System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric
Research Program Grants NNG06GD88G and NNX09AE21G; National Science
Foundation (NSF) Grant CHE-0957490, and the NASA Atmospheric Carbon
Observations from Space (ACOS) Grant 104127-04.02.02. The research was
partially supported by the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project
co-financed by the EU European Regional Development Fund and is part of
the program of the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. A. Cygan
is supported by the Polish NCN Project No. N N202 2392 40. The research
was also supported by the National Science Centre, Project No.
DEC-2011/01/B/ST2/00491.
NR 68
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 6
U2 57
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
EI 1873-4448
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 536
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.035
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 937MA
UT WOS:000303661400001
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, LF
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Phillips, Leon F.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI The surface of liquid gallium
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; VAPOR INTERFACE; SCATTERING; METAL; COLLISIONS;
ENERGY; CRYSTALLIZATION; DYNAMICS; ALLOY
AB Data for liquid metals is reinterpreted in terms of a model in which the surface is solid in the direction normal to the surface but is disordered in directions parallel to the surface. Thermal motions previously termed capillary waves become vibrations along the normal axis and therefore lack viscous damping. The model, which applies to liquids with surface-induced layering, avoids problems that arise when such a surface is analyzed as a simple liquid, notably (i) negative dilatational viscosity, (ii) unexpectedly large surface tension, and (iii) the need to restrict surface waves to low k-values to ensure normal-mode excitations. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Phillips, Leon F.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Phillips, LF (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
EM leon.phillips@canterbury.ac.nz
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation;
National Institute for Standards and Technology
FX This work has been supported by funding from the Air Force Office of
Scientific Research, with additional support from the National Science
Foundation. LFP gratefully acknowledges the National Institute for
Standards and Technology for the award of a JILA Visiting Fellowship. We
also thank the anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments, and for
making us think more deeply about the implications of the model.
NR 36
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 21
PY 2012
VL 536
BP 61
EP 64
DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.079
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 937MA
UT WOS:000303661400012
ER
PT J
AU Reese, ED
Mroczkowski, T
Menanteau, F
Hilton, M
Sievers, J
Aguirre, P
Appel, JW
Baker, AJ
Bond, JR
Das, S
Devlin, MJ
Dicker, SR
Dunner, R
Essinger-Hileman, T
Fowler, JW
Hajian, A
Halpern, M
Hasselfield, M
Hill, JC
Hincks, AD
Huffenberger, KM
Hughes, JP
Irwin, KD
Klein, J
Kosowsky, A
Lin, YT
Marriage, TA
Marsden, D
Moodley, K
Niemack, MD
Nolta, MR
Page, LA
Parker, L
Partridge, B
Rojas, F
Sehgal, N
Sifon, C
Spergel, DN
Staggs, ST
Swetz, DS
Switzer, ER
Thornton, R
Trac, H
Wollack, EJ
AF Reese, Erik D.
Mroczkowski, Tony
Menanteau, Felipe
Hilton, Matt
Sievers, Jonathan
Aguirre, Paula
Appel, John William
Baker, Andrew J.
Bond, J. Richard
Das, Sudeep
Devlin, Mark J.
Dicker, Simon R.
Duenner, Rolando
Essinger-Hileman, Thomas
Fowler, Joseph W.
Hajian, Amir
Halpern, Mark
Hasselfield, Matthew
Hill, J. Colin
Hincks, Adam D.
Huffenberger, Kevin M.
Hughes, John P.
Irwin, Kent D.
Klein, Jeff
Kosowsky, Arthur
Lin, Yen-Ting
Marriage, Tobias A.
Marsden, Danica
Moodley, Kavilan
Niemack, Michael D.
Nolta, Michael R.
Page, Lyman A.
Parker, Lucas
Partridge, Bruce
Rojas, Felipe
Sehgal, Neelima
Sifon, Cristobal
Spergel, David N.
Staggs, Suzanne T.
Swetz, Daniel S.
Switzer, Eric R.
Thornton, Robert
Trac, Hy
Wollack, Edward J.
TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: HIGH-RESOLUTION SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH
ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF ACT SZE-SELECTED CLUSTERS FROM THE EQUATORIAL
STRIP
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies:
clusters: general; techniques: interferometric; X-rays: galaxies:
clusters
ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM;
WEAK-LENSING MEASUREMENTS; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY;
RADIO-SOURCES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; DARK ENERGY; 148 GHZ
AB We present follow-up observations with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) of optically confirmed galaxy clusters found in the equatorial survey region of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT): ACT-CL J0022-0036, ACT-CL J2051+0057, and ACT-CL J2337+0016. ACT-CL J0022-0036 is a newly discovered, massive (similar or equal to 10(15) M-circle dot), high-redshift (z = 0.81) cluster revealed by ACT through the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE). Deep, targeted observations with the SZA allow us to probe a broader range of cluster spatial scales, better disentangle cluster decrements from radio point-source emission, and derive more robust integrated SZE flux and mass estimates than we can with ACT data alone. For the two clusters we detect with the SZA we compute integrated SZE signal and derive masses from the SZA data only. ACT-CL J2337+ 0016, also known as A2631, has archival Chandra data that allow an additional X-ray-based mass estimate. Optical richness is also used to estimate cluster masses and shows good agreement with the SZE and X-ray-based estimates. Based on the point sources detected by the SZA in these three cluster fields and an extrapolation to ACT's frequency, we estimate that point sources could be contaminating the SZE decrement at the less than or similar to 20% level for some fraction of clusters.
C1 [Reese, Erik D.; Mroczkowski, Tony; Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Klein, Jeff; Marsden, Danica; Swetz, Daniel S.; Switzer, Eric R.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Menanteau, Felipe; Baker, Andrew J.; Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
[Sievers, Jonathan; Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Nolta, Michael R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.
[Aguirre, Paula; Duenner, Rolando; Rojas, Felipe; Sifon, Cristobal] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile.
[Appel, John William; Das, Sudeep; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Das, Sudeep; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hill, J. Colin; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Fowler, Joseph W.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
[Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
[Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa.
[Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA.
[Sehgal, Neelima] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Switzer, Eric R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA.
[Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Reese, ED (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew
James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012;
OI Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352; Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861;
Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger,
Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534;
Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Mroczkowski,
Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [PF0-110077]; U.S.
National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731,
PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada
Foundation for Innovation under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario;
University of Toronto; Programa de Astronomia de la Comision Nacional de
Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); Alfred P.
Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho;
Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England;
American Museum of Natural History; Astrophysical Institute Potsdam;
University of Basel; University of Cambridge; Case Western Reserve
University; Drexel University; Fermilab; Institute for Advanced Study;
Japan Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Joint Institute for
Nuclear Astrophysics; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and
Cosmology; Korean Scientist Group; Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST);
Los Alamos National Laboratory; Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy
(MPIA); Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA); New Mexico State
University; Ohio State University; University of Pittsburgh; University
of Portsmouth; United States Naval Observatory; University of
Washington; NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership; National Science
Foundation; University of Chicago
FX We are grateful to John Carpenter for guidance on CARMA observing, the
queue, and a crash-course in Miriad. We thank the CARMA collaboration,
especially Tom Plagge, for many discussions of the nitty-gritty details
of the data. Support for T.M. was provided by NASA through the Einstein
Fellowship Program, grant PF0-110077. The CARMA 3.5 m observations
presented here were awarded in proposals c0563 and c0619.; This work was
supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards
AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, and
PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton University and the
University of Pennsylvania. The PIRE program made possible exchanges
between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that enabled this
research program. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer
at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation
for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of
Ontario, Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University
of Toronto. A.C.T. operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in
northern Chile under the auspices of Programa de Astronomia de la
Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile
(CONICYT).; Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National
Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the
Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for
England. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium
for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are
the American Museum of Natural History, Astrophysical Institute Potsdam,
University of Basel, University of Cambridge, Case Western Reserve
University, University of Chicago, Drexel University, Fermilab, the
Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, Johns
Hopkins University, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, the
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, the Korean
Scientist Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST), Los Alamos
National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the
Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State
University, Ohio State University, University of Pittsburgh, University
of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the United States Naval
Observatory, and the University of Washington.; This work made use of
observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope,
which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium and
observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by
the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a
cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership.
NR 104
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 20
PY 2012
VL 751
IS 1
AR 12
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/12
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 939MF
UT WOS:000303814600012
ER
PT J
AU Lenton, A
Metzl, N
Takahashi, T
Kuchinke, M
Matear, RJ
Roy, T
Sutherland, SC
Sweeney, C
Tilbrook, B
AF Lenton, Andrew
Metzl, Nicolas
Takahashi, Taro
Kuchinke, Mareva
Matear, Richard J.
Roy, Tilla
Sutherland, Stewart C.
Sweeney, Colm
Tilbrook, Bronte
TI The observed evolution of oceanic pCO(2) and its drivers over the last
two decades
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CO2 SINK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SURFACE
WATERS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC
AB We use a database of more than 4.4 million observations of ocean pCO(2) to investigate oceanic pCO(2) growth rates. We use pCO(2) measurements, with corresponding sea surface temperature and salinity measurements, to reconstruct alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon to understand what is driving these growth rates in different ocean regions. If the oceanic pCO(2) growth rate is faster (slower) than the atmospheric CO2 growth rate, the region can be interpreted as having a decreasing (increasing) atmospheric CO2 uptake. Only the Western subpolar and subtropical North Pacific, and the Southern Ocean are found to have sufficient spatial and temporal observations to calculate the growth rates of oceanic pCO(2) in different seasons. Based on these regions, we find the strength of the ocean carbon sink has declined over the last two decades due to a combination of regional drivers (physical and biological). In the subpolar North Pacific reduced atmospheric CO2 uptake in the summer is associated with changes in the biological production, while in the subtropical North Pacific enhanced uptake in winter is associated with enhanced biological production. In the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean a reduced winter atmospheric CO2 uptake is associated with a positive SAM response. Conversely in the more stratified Atlantic Ocean sector enhanced summer uptake is associated with increased biological production and reduced vertical supply. We are not able to separate climate variability and change as the calculated growth rates are at the limit of detection and are associated with large uncertainties. Ongoing sustained observations of global oceanic pCO(2) and its drivers, including dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity, are key to detecting and understanding how the ocean carbon sink will evolve in future and what processes are driving this change.
C1 [Lenton, Andrew; Kuchinke, Mareva; Matear, Richard J.; Tilbrook, Bronte] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia.
[Metzl, Nicolas; Roy, Tilla] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France.
[Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA.
[Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lenton, A (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia.
EM andrew.lenton@csiro.au
RI Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; matear, richard/C-5133-2011; Tilbrook,
Bronte/A-1522-2012
OI Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827
FU European FP6 project CarboOcean [511176 GOCE]; European FP7 project
CarboChange [264879]; Australian Climate Change Science Project; United
States NOAA [NA080AR43207]; NSF [ANT06-36879]; Pacific Climate Change
Science Program
FX A. L., B. T. and R. J. M. acknowledge support from the Australian
Climate Change Science Project. N.M., T. R. and A. L. acknowledge
support from the European FP6 and FP7 projects CarboOcean (contract
511176 GOCE) and CarboChange (contract 264879). N.M. also acknowledges
the French national program LEFE a component of SOLAS-France. T. T and
S. C. S. acknowledge support from United States NOAA grant NA080AR43207
and NSF grant ANT06-36879. M. K. acknowledges support from Pacific
Climate Change Science Program.
NR 63
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 2
U2 38
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD MAY 19
PY 2012
VL 26
AR GB2021
DI 10.1029/2011GB004095
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 945HJ
UT WOS:000304263400001
ER
PT J
AU Koffi, B
Schulz, M
Breon, FM
Griesfeller, J
Winker, D
Balkanski, Y
Bauer, S
Berntsen, T
Chin, MA
Collins, WD
Dentener, F
Diehl, T
Easter, R
Ghan, S
Ginoux, P
Gong, SL
Horowitz, LW
Iversen, T
Kirkevag, A
Koch, D
Krol, M
Myhre, G
Stier, P
Takemura, T
AF Koffi, Brigitte
Schulz, Michael
Breon, Francois-Marie
Griesfeller, Jan
Winker, David
Balkanski, Yves
Bauer, Susanne
Berntsen, Terje
Chin, Mian
Collins, William D.
Dentener, Frank
Diehl, Thomas
Easter, Richard
Ghan, Steven
Ginoux, Paul
Gong, Sunling
Horowitz, Larry W.
Iversen, Trond
Kirkevag, Alf
Koch, Dorothy
Krol, Maarten
Myhre, Gunnar
Stier, Philip
Takemura, Toshihiko
TI Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical
distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I
results
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; GODDARD-INSTITUTE;
NORTH-ATLANTIC; CALIPSO LIDAR; GOCART MODEL; MINERAL DUST; EMISSION
INVENTORIES
AB The CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) layer product is used for a multimodel evaluation of the vertical distribution of aerosols. Annual and seasonal aerosol extinction profiles are analyzed over 13 sub-continental regions representative of industrial, dust, and biomass burning pollution, from CALIOP 2007-2009 observations and from AeroCom (Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models) 2000 simulations. An extinction mean height diagnostic (Z(alpha)) is defined to quantitatively assess the models' performance. It is calculated over the 0-6 km and 0-10 km altitude ranges by weighting the altitude of each 100 m altitude layer by its aerosol extinction coefficient. The mean extinction profiles derived from CALIOP layer products provide consistent regional and seasonal specificities and a low inter-annual variability. While the outputs from most models are significantly correlated with the observed Z(alpha) climatologies, some do better than others, and 2 of the 12 models perform particularly well in all seasons. Over industrial and maritime regions, most models show higher Z(alpha) than observed by CALIOP, whereas over the African and Chinese dust source regions, Za is underestimated during Northern Hemisphere Spring and Summer. The positive model bias in Z(alpha) is mainly due to an overestimate of the extinction above 6 km. Potential CALIOP and model limitations, and methodological factors that might contribute to the differences are discussed.
C1 [Koffi, Brigitte; Schulz, Michael; Breon, Francois-Marie; Griesfeller, Jan; Balkanski, Yves] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Schulz, Michael; Griesfeller, Jan; Iversen, Trond; Kirkevag, Alf] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Winker, David] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Bauer, Susanne] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY USA.
[Berntsen, Terje; Iversen, Trond] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway.
[Berntsen, Terje; Myhre, Gunnar] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
[Chin, Mian; Diehl, Thomas] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dentener, Frank] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
[Diehl, Thomas] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA.
[Easter, Richard; Ghan, Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Ginoux, Paul; Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Gong, Sunling] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Koch, Dorothy] US DOE, Climate & Environm Sci Div, Washington, DC USA.
[Krol, Maarten] Wageningen Univ, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Krol, Maarten] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Stier, Philip] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England.
[Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan.
RP Koffi, B (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Orme Merisiers Bat 712,Point Courrier 132, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM brigitte.koffi@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Breon, Francois-Marie/M-4639-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Takemura,
Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Krol,
Maarten/E-3414-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Balkanski,
Yves/A-6616-2011; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Bauer,
Susanne/P-3082-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008;
Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID,
Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011
OI Breon, Francois-Marie/0000-0003-2128-739X; Stier,
Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067;
Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Balkanski,
Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Ginoux,
Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Schulz,
Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699
FU French space agency CNES (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales);
Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modeling
(IS-ENES) European Union [228203]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX The authors would like to thank the three reviewers for their valuable
comments and suggestions that allowed significantly improving the
quality of the manuscript. We thank the ICARE Data and Services Center
for providing access to the CALIOP CNES/NASA data used in this study and
for providing computing access and support. We also would like to thank
Stefan Kinne (MPIM, Germany) and Christiane Textor (previously at LSCE,
France) for their important contribution to the development and the
maintenance of the AeroCom tool and website
(http://aerocom.met.no/cgi-bin/aerocom/lidar_annualrs.pl). We are
grateful to Oyvind Seland, who was a central developer of the UIO-GCM
model. We also acknowledge Cecilia Garrec for the English revision and
her general comments on the text. This work was supported by the French
space agency CNES (Centre National des Etudes Spatiales) and by the
Infrastructure for the European Network for Earth System Modeling
(IS-ENES) European Union project (agreement 228203). S. Ghan and R.
Easter were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. The
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle
Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 127
TC 73
Z9 75
U1 3
U2 45
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 19
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D10201
DI 10.1029/2011JD016858
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 945GE
UT WOS:000304260300001
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, HD
Cheng, JG
Hallas, AM
Wiebe, CR
Li, G
Balicas, L
Zhou, JS
Goodenough, JB
Gardner, JS
Choi, ES
AF Zhou, H. D.
Cheng, J. G.
Hallas, A. M.
Wiebe, C. R.
Li, G.
Balicas, L.
Zhou, J. S.
Goodenough, J. B.
Gardner, J. S.
Choi, E. S.
TI Chemical Pressure Effects on Pyrochlore Spin Ice
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MONOPOLES; HO2TI2O7; LIQUID
AB A comparison among the two sets of studied pyrochlore spin ices, Ho2Sn2O7, Ho2Ti2O7, and Ho2Ge2O7 with Ho3+ spins and Dy2Sn2O7, Dy2Ti2O7, and Dy2Ge2O7 with Dy3+ spins, shows that the application of chemical pressure through each set drives the system toward the antiferromagnetic phase boundary from the spin ice region, which agrees with the prediction of the "dipolar spin ice" model of den Hertog and Gingras. Among all the studied pyrochlore spin ices, Dy2Ge2O7 has the smallest ratio of J(nn)/D-nn = -0.73.
C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Li, G.; Balicas, L.; Choi, E. S.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Cheng, J. G.; Zhou, J. S.; Goodenough, J. B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Hallas, A. M.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
[Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
[Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM zhou@magnet.fsu.edu
RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Cheng, Jinguang/A-8342-2012; Li,
Gang/E-3033-2015; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016;
OI Goodenough, John Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034
FU NSF through the Cooperative Agreement [DMR-0654118]; State of Florida;
NSERC; CFI; ACS Petroleum Fund; NSF [DMR-0904282, DMR-1122603]; Robert
A. Welch Foundation [F-1066]; DOE-BES [DE-SC0002613]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF through the
Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. C. R. W.
acknowledges support through NSERC, CFI and the ACS Petroleum Fund. J.
S. Z. and J. B. G. are grateful for financial support from NSF
DMR-0904282 and DMR-1122603 and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (No.
F-1066). L. B. is supported by DOE-BES through Grant No. DE-SC0002613.
NR 33
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 3
U2 61
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 18
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 20
AR 207206
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.207206
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 982TP
UT WOS:000307068600013
PM 23003185
ER
PT J
AU Hong, JR
Talapatra, S
Katz, J
Tester, PA
Waggett, RJ
Place, AR
AF Hong, Jiarong
Talapatra, Siddharth
Katz, Joseph
Tester, Patricia A.
Waggett, Rebecca J.
Place, Allen R.
TI Algal Toxins Alter Copepod Feeding Behavior
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID DINOFLAGELLATE KARLODINIUM-VENEFICUM; ACARTIA-TONSA; CALANOID COPEPODS;
KARENIA-BREVIS; PREY-SELECTION; BLOOMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DINOPHYCEAE;
HOLOGRAPHY; RESISTANCE
AB Using digital holographic cinematography, we quantify and compare the feeding behavior of free-swimming copepods, Acartia tonsa, on nutritional prey (Storeatula major) to that occurring during exposure to toxic and non-toxic strains of Karenia brevis and Karlodinium veneficum. These two harmful algal species produce polyketide toxins with different modes of action and potency. We distinguish between two different beating modes of the copepod's feeding appendages-a "sampling beating" that has short durations (<100 ms) and involves little fluid entrainment and a longer duration "grazing beating" that persists up to 1200 ms and generates feeding currents. The durations of both beating modes have log-normal distributions. Without prey, A. tonsa only samples the environment at low frequency. Upon introduction of non-toxic food, it increases its sampling time moderately and the grazing period substantially. On mono algal diets for either of the toxic dinoflagellates, sampling time fraction is high but the grazing is very limited. A. tonsa demonstrates aversion to both toxic algal species. In mixtures of S. major and the neurotoxin producing K. brevis, sampling and grazing diminish rapidly, presumably due to neurological effects of consuming brevetoxins while trying to feed on S. major. In contrast, on mixtures of cytotoxin producing K. veneficum, both behavioral modes persist, indicating that intake of karlotoxins does not immediately inhibit the copepod's grazing behavior. These findings add critical insight into how these algal toxins may influence the copepod's feeding behavior, and suggest how some harmful algal species may alter top-down control exerted by grazers like copepods.
C1 [Hong, Jiarong; Talapatra, Siddharth; Katz, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Tester, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Waggett, Rebecca J.] Univ Tampa, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33606 USA.
[Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Hong, JR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM katz@jhu.edu
RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013; Katz, Joseph/A-7624-2010
OI Katz, Joseph/0000-0001-9067-2473
FU National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; National Research
Council (NRC); Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research
(CCFHR); National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) of the
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
FX Support for the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) group has been provided
in part by National Science Foundation, and in part by the Office of
Naval Research, National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP).
Support for RJW was from National Research Council (NRC) Research
Associateship Program (RAP) funded by the Center for Coastal Fisheries
and Habitat Research (CCFHR) and National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science (NCCOS) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). This is contribution #4649 from the University of
Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, contribution #12-231 from
the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology and contribution
#685 from the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB)
program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 51
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 37
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 18
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e36845
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036845
PG 10
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959VG
UT WOS:000305343500031
PM 22629336
ER
PT J
AU Klinck, H
Mellinger, DK
Klinck, K
Bogue, NM
Luby, JC
Jump, WA
Shilling, GB
Litchendorf, T
Wood, AS
Schorr, GS
Baird, RW
AF Klinck, Holger
Mellinger, David K.
Klinck, Karolin
Bogue, Neil M.
Luby, James C.
Jump, William A.
Shilling, Geoffrey B.
Litchendorf, Trina
Wood, Angela S.
Schorr, Gregory S.
Baird, Robin W.
TI Near-Real-Time Acoustic Monitoring of Beaked Whales and Other Cetaceans
Using a Seaglider (TM)
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CUVIERS ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; DIVING BEHAVIOR;
CROSS-SEAMOUNT; KILLER WHALES; SITE FIDELITY; HAWAII; PATTERNS;
MOVEMENTS; GLIDERS
AB In most areas, estimating the presence and distribution of cryptic marine mammal species, such as beaked whales, is extremely difficult using traditional observational techniques such as ship-based visual line transect surveys. Because acoustic methods permit detection of animals underwater, at night, and in poor weather conditions, passive acoustic observation has been used increasingly often over the last decade to study marine mammal distribution, abundance, and movements, as well as for mitigation of potentially harmful anthropogenic effects. However, there is demand for new, cost-effective tools that allow scientists to monitor areas of interest autonomously with high temporal and spatial resolution in near-real time. Here we describe an autonomous underwater vehicle - a glider - equipped with an acoustic sensor and onboard data processing capabilities to passively scan an area for marine mammals in near-real time. The glider was tested extensively off the west coast of the Island of Hawai'i, USA. The instrument covered approximately 390 km during three weeks at sea and collected a total of 194 h of acoustic data. Detections of beaked whales were successfully reported to shore in near-real time. Manual analysis of the recorded data revealed a high number of vocalizations of delphinids and sperm whales. Furthermore, the glider collected vocalizations of unknown origin very similar to those made by known species of beaked whales. The instrument developed here can be used to cost-effectively screen areas of interest for marine mammals for several months at a time. The near-real-time detection and reporting capabilities of the glider can help to protect marine mammals during potentially harmful anthropogenic activities such as seismic exploration for sub-sea fossil fuels or naval sonar exercises. Furthermore, the glider is capable of under-ice operation, allowing investigation of otherwise inaccessible polar environments that are critical habitats for many endangered marine mammal species.
C1 [Klinck, Holger; Mellinger, David K.; Klinck, Karolin] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Bogue, Neil M.; Luby, James C.; Jump, William A.; Shilling, Geoffrey B.; Litchendorf, Trina; Wood, Angela S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Schorr, Gregory S.; Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA.
RP Klinck, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM Holger.Klinck@oregonstate.edu
FU Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) [N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079,
N00244-10-1-0047]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0309,
N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387, N00014-08-1-1198]; U.S. Navy (N45)
through the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/SWFSC); Wild Whale
Research Foundation (WWRF)
FX This work was supported by Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) grants
N00244-08-1-0029, N00244-09-1-0079, and N00244-10-1-0047, and Office of
Naval Research (ONR) grants N00014-08-1-0309, N00014-08-1-1082,
N00014-10-1-0387, and N00014-08-1-1198. Cascadia Research Collective
satellite tagging work was supported by the U.S. Navy (N45) through the
Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA/SWFSC) and by the Wild Whale
Research Foundation (WWRF). NPS: http://www.nps.edu ONR:
http://www.onr.navy.mil N45: http://www.navy.mil/local/n45 NOAA/SWFSC:
http://swfsc.noaa.gov WWRF: http://www.wildwhaleresearch.org. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 30
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 68
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 18
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e36128
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036128
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959VG
UT WOS:000305343500010
PM 22629309
ER
PT J
AU Levitus, S
Antonov, JI
Boyer, TP
Baranova, OK
Garcia, HE
Locarnini, RA
Mishonov, AV
Reagan, JR
Seidov, D
Yarosh, ES
Zweng, MM
AF Levitus, S.
Antonov, J. I.
Boyer, T. P.
Baranova, O. K.
Garcia, H. E.
Locarnini, R. A.
Mishonov, A. V.
Reagan, J. R.
Seidov, D.
Yarosh, E. S.
Zweng, M. M.
TI World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m),
1955-2010
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RISE
AB We provide updated estimates of the change of ocean heat content and the thermosteric component of sea level change of the 0-700 and 0-2000 m layers of the World Ocean for 1955-2010. Our estimates are based on historical data not previously available, additional modern data, and bathythermograph data corrected for instrumental biases. We have also used Argo data corrected by the Argo DAC if available and used uncorrected Argo data if no corrections were available at the time we downloaded the Argo data. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0-2000 m layer increased by 24.0 +/- 1.9 x 10(22) J (+/-2S.E.) corresponding to a rate of 0.39 W m(-2) (per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.09 degrees C. This warming corresponds to a rate of 0.27 W m(-2) per unit area of earth's surface. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0-700 m layer increased by 16.7 +/- 1.6 x 10(22) J corresponding to a rate of 0.27 W m(-2) (per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.18 degrees C. The World Ocean accounts for approximately 93% of the warming of the earth system that has occurred since 1955. The 700-2000 m ocean layer accounted for approximately one-third of the warming of the 0-2000 m layer of the World Ocean. The thermosteric component of sea level trend was 0.54 +/- .05 mm yr(-1) for the 0-2000 m layer and 0.41 +/- .04 mm yr(-1) for the 0-700 m layer of the World Ocean for 1955-2010. Citation: Levitus, S., et al. (2012), World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10603, doi:10.1029/2012GL051106.
C1 [Levitus, S.; Boyer, T. P.; Baranova, O. K.; Garcia, H. E.; Locarnini, R. A.; Mishonov, A. V.; Reagan, J. R.; Seidov, D.; Yarosh, E. S.; Zweng, M. M.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Antonov, J. I.] Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, UCAR Project, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Levitus, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, E OC5,1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM sydney.levitus@noaa.gov
OI Zweng, Melissa/0000-0002-1237-4750
FU NOAA Climate Program Office
FX This work was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office. We thank the
scientists, technicians, data center staff, and data managers for their
contributions of data to the IOC/IODE and ICSU/World Data Center system
which has allowed us to compile the database used in this work. We also
thank our colleagues at NODC for data processing work and our colleagues
at the NODC Ocean Climate Laboratory for their work in constructing the
World Ocean Database which made this work possible. We appreciate review
of our manuscript by Charles Sun and anonymous reviewers. The Argo
profiling float data used in this study were made freely available by
the International Argo Project and the national initiatives that
contribute to it (http://www.argo.net). Argo is a pilot programme of the
Global Ocean Observing System. The views, opinions, and findings
contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be
construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or
decision.
NR 26
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 17
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L10603
DI 10.1029/2012GL051106
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 945GS
UT WOS:000304261700001
ER
PT J
AU Bailey, H
Fossette, S
Bograd, SJ
Shillinger, GL
Swithenbank, AM
Georges, JY
Gaspar, P
Stromberg, KHP
Paladino, FV
Spotila, JR
Block, BA
Hays, GC
AF Bailey, Helen
Fossette, Sabrina
Bograd, Steven J.
Shillinger, George L.
Swithenbank, Alan M.
Georges, Jean-Yves
Gaspar, Philippe
Stromberg, K. H. Patrik
Paladino, Frank V.
Spotila, James R.
Block, Barbara A.
Hays, Graeme C.
TI Movement Patterns for a Critically Endangered Species, the Leatherback
Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), Linked to Foraging Success and Population
Status
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; MARINE PREDATOR; PACIFIC;
ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; OCEAN; HABITATS; CONSERVATION; LOGGERHEAD
AB Foraging success for pelagic vertebrates may be revealed by horizontal and vertical movement patterns. We show markedly different patterns for leatherback turtles in the North Atlantic versus Eastern Pacific, which feed on gelatinous zooplankton that are only occasionally found in high densities. In the Atlantic, travel speed was characterized by two modes, indicative of high foraging success at low speeds (<15 km d(-1)) and transit at high speeds (20-45 km d(-1)). Only a single mode was evident in the Pacific, which occurred at speeds of 21 km d(-1) indicative of transit. The mean dive depth was more variable in relation to latitude but closer to the mean annual depth of the thermocline and nutricline for North Atlantic than Eastern Pacific turtles. The most parsimonious explanation for these findings is that Eastern Pacific turtles rarely achieve high foraging success. This is the first support for foraging behaviour differences between populations of this critically endangered species and suggests that longer periods searching for prey may be hindering population recovery in the Pacific while aiding population maintenance in the Atlantic.
C1 [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
[Fossette, Sabrina; Hays, Graeme C.] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Coll Sci, Swansea, W Glam, Wales.
[Shillinger, George L.] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA USA.
[Shillinger, George L.; Swithenbank, Alan M.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Georges, Jean-Yves] Univ Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France.
[Georges, Jean-Yves] CNRS, UMR7178, F-67037 Strasbourg, France.
[Gaspar, Philippe] Collecte Localisat Satellites, Dept Marine Ecosyst, Satellite Oceanog Div, Ramonville St Agne, France.
[Stromberg, K. H. Patrik] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden.
[Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN USA.
[Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Bailey, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
EM hbailey@umces.edu
RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010
OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687;
FU Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the Census of Marine Life;
Lenfest Ocean Program; Cinco Hermanos Fund; European Union; 'Programme
Amazonie' held by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique;
Conservation of Migrating Species; WWF as part of the 'Trans-Atlantic
Leatherback Conservation Initiative; AXA; NERC
FX Support was provided by the Tagging of Pacific Predators program of the
Census of Marine Life, the Lenfest Ocean Program, and the Cinco Hermanos
Fund. Funding was also provided by the European Union FEDER Program, the
'Programme Amazonie' held by Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, and the Conservation of Migrating Species and the WWF as
part of the 'Trans-Atlantic Leatherback Conservation Initiative. S.F.
was supported by an AXA "Young Talents" post-doctoral fellowship, and
grant funding was also provided to G.C.H. by NERC. The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish,
or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 55
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U1 1
U2 57
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 16
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
SI 1
AR e36401
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036401
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959UR
UT WOS:000305341300016
PM 22615767
ER
PT J
AU Gierach, MM
Lee, T
Turk, D
McPhaden, MJ
AF Gierach, Michelle M.
Lee, Tong
Turk, Daniela
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Nino events in the
equatorial Pacific Ocean
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; ENSO; VARIABILITY; WINTER
AB Changes in the physical environment associated with eastern Pacific (EP)-El Nino and central Pacific (CP)-El Nino events affect the biological response in the equatorial Pacific Ocean differently. However, such responses have not been adequately investigated, especially in terms of the relevant physical processes. This paper addresses the mechanistic differences in the biological response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the strongest CP- and EP-El Nino to date (i.e., 1997-98 EP-El Nino and 2009-10 CP-El Nino) using satellite data and water mass pathway analysis based on an ocean reanalysis product. The 1997-98 EP-El Nino was associated with a larger reduction of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) and the 2009-10 CP-El Nino was associated with a larger reduction of chl-a in the central equatorial Pacific (CEP). These biological responses were dependent on the strength and extent of westerly wind anomalies and their impact on horizontal and vertical processes. Horizontal advection was the primary contributor to differences in chl-a between the two El Nino events in the CEP, whereas vertical advection and mixing were the dominant processes in the EEP. Citation: Gierach, M. M., T. Lee, D. Turk, and M. J. McPhaden (2012), Biological response to the 1997-98 and 2009-10 El Nino events in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10602, doi:10.1029/2012GL051103.
C1 [Gierach, Michelle M.; Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Turk, Daniela] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Turk, Daniela] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA.
[McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Gierach, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 300-323, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM michelle.gierach@jpl.nasa.gov
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016;
OI Gierach, Michelle/0000-0002-8161-4121
FU NASA; NOAA
FX The research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a
contract with NASA. The authors would like to thank Peter Strutton and
the reviewers for all their helpful comments and suggestions. MJM was
supported by NOAA. PMEL contribution 3789. LDEO contribution 7542 and
partial support from CERC in Ocean and Technology, Canada.
NR 30
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PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 16
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L10602
DI 10.1029/2012GL051103
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 945GQ
UT WOS:000304261500001
ER
PT J
AU Turner, DD
Mlawer, EJ
Bianchini, G
Cadeddu, MP
Crewell, S
Delamere, JS
Knuteson, RO
Maschwitz, G
Mlynzcak, M
Paine, S
Palchetti, L
Tobin, DC
AF Turner, D. D.
Mlawer, E. J.
Bianchini, G.
Cadeddu, M. P.
Crewell, S.
Delamere, J. S.
Knuteson, R. O.
Maschwitz, G.
Mlynzcak, M.
Paine, S.
Palchetti, L.
Tobin, D. C.
TI Ground-based high spectral resolution observations of the entire
terrestrial spectrum under extremely dry conditions
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; WATER-VAPOR; RADIANCE; INSTRUMENT
AB A field experiment was conducted in northern Chile at an altitude of 5.3 km to evaluate the accuracy of line-by-line radiative transfer models in regions of the spectrum that are typically opaque at sea level due to strong water vapor absorption. A suite of spectrally resolved radiance instruments collected simultaneous observations that, for the first time ever, spanned the entire terrestrial thermal spectrum (i.e., from 10 to 3000 cm(-1), or 1000 to 3.3 mu m). These radiance observations, together with collocated water vapor and temperature profiles, are used to provide an initial evaluation of the accuracy of water vapor absorption in the far-infrared of two line-by-line radiative transfer models. These initial results suggest that the more recent of the two models is more accurate in the strongly absorbing water vapor pure rotation band. This result supports the validity of the Turner et al. (2012) study that demonstrated that the use of the more recent water vapor absorption model in climate simulations resulted in significant radiative and dynamical changes in the simulation relative to the older water vapor model. Citation: Turner, D. D., et al. (2012), Ground-based high spectral resolution observations of the entire terrestrial spectrum under extremely dry conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L10801, doi:10.1029/2012GL051542.
C1 [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Mlawer, E. J.; Delamere, J. S.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA.
[Bianchini, G.; Palchetti, L.] CNR, Ist Fis Applicata Nello Carrara, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
[Cadeddu, M. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Crewell, S.; Maschwitz, G.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany.
[Knuteson, R. O.; Tobin, D. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Mlynzcak, M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Paine, S.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA USA.
RP Turner, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM dave.turner@noaa.gov
RI Crewell, Susanne/O-1640-2013; PALCHETTI, LUCA/O-1270-2015;
OI Crewell, Susanne/0000-0003-1251-5805; PALCHETTI,
LUCA/0000-0003-4022-8125; Paine, Scott/0000-0003-4622-5857
FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NASA; Italian National
Research Council; Smithsonian Institution; German Science Foundation
(DFG)
FX The RHUBC-II campaign was organized as part of the U. S. Department of
Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program, which is
sponsored by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division.
RHUBC-II was also supported in part by NASA, the Italian National
Research Council, the Smithsonian Institution, and the German Science
Foundation (DFG). We would like to thank the many scientists and
engineers who helped make the collection of this dataset possible,
including Alex Carrizo and operations staff at AstroNorte, Kim Nitschke,
Jim Mather, Charles Brinkmann, Troy Culgan, Mike Ryzcek, Rich Cageao,
Glenn Farnsworth, Mike Wojcik, Jason Swasey, Joe Lee, Erik Syrstad, Dave
Johnson, Julio Marin, Arlette Chacon, Toufic Hawat, Huabai Li, Marcos
Diaz, Francesco Castagnoli, Denny Hackel, Ray Garcia, Hank Revercomb,
Rich Coulter, and Tim Wagner. Additional information on the RHUBC-II
experiment can be found at http://acrf-campaign.arm.gov/rhubc/. RHUBC-II
data are available from the ARM data archive as an IOP dataset at
http://www.archive.arm.gov.
NR 20
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 16
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L10801
DI 10.1029/2012GL051542
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 945GQ
UT WOS:000304261500003
ER
PT J
AU Robinson, PW
Costa, DP
Crocker, DE
Gallo-Reynoso, JP
Champagne, CD
Fowler, MA
Goetsch, C
Goetz, KT
Hassrick, JL
Huckstadt, LA
Kuhn, CE
Maresh, JL
Maxwell, SM
McDonald, BI
Peterson, SH
Simmons, SE
Teutschel, NM
Villegas-Amtmann, S
Yoda, K
AF Robinson, Patrick W.
Costa, Daniel P.
Crocker, Daniel E.
Pablo Gallo-Reynoso, Juan
Champagne, Cory D.
Fowler, Melinda A.
Goetsch, Chandra
Goetz, Kimberly T.
Hassrick, Jason L.
Hueckstaedt, Luis A.
Kuhn, Carey E.
Maresh, Jennifer L.
Maxwell, Sara M.
McDonald, Birgitte I.
Peterson, Sarah H.
Simmons, Samantha E.
Teutschel, Nicole M.
Villegas-Amtmann, Stella
Yoda, Ken
TI Foraging Behavior and Success of a Mesopelagic Predator in the Northeast
Pacific Ocean: Insights from a Data-Rich Species, the Northern Elephant
Seal
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TOP PREDATOR; OCEANOGRAPHIC
CONDITIONS; MARINE PREDATOR; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MIGRATION; TRACKING;
HABITAT; CONSEQUENCES
AB The mesopelagic zone of the northeast Pacific Ocean is an important foraging habitat for many predators, yet few studies have addressed the factors driving basin-scale predator distributions or inter-annual variability in foraging and breeding success. Understanding these processes is critical to reveal how conditions at sea cascade to population-level effects. To begin addressing these challenging questions, we collected diving, tracking, foraging success, and natality data for 297 adult female northern elephant seal migrations from 2004 to 2010. During the longer post-molting migration, individual energy gain rates were significant predictors of pregnancy. At sea, seals focused their foraging effort along a narrow band corresponding to the boundary between the sub-arctic and sub-tropical gyres. In contrast to shallow-diving predators, elephant seals target the gyre-gyre boundary throughout the year rather than follow the southward winter migration of surface features, such as the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front. We also assessed the impact of added transit costs by studying seals at a colony near the southern extent of the species' range, 1,150 km to the south. A much larger proportion of seals foraged locally, implying plasticity in foraging strategies and possibly prey type. While these findings are derived from a single species, the results may provide insight to the foraging patterns of many other meso-pelagic predators in the northeast Pacific Ocean.
C1 [Robinson, Patrick W.; Costa, Daniel P.; Champagne, Cory D.; Fowler, Melinda A.; Goetsch, Chandra; Goetz, Kimberly T.; Hassrick, Jason L.; Hueckstaedt, Luis A.; Maresh, Jennifer L.; Maxwell, Sara M.; Peterson, Sarah H.; Teutschel, Nicole M.; Villegas-Amtmann, Stella] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
[Pablo Gallo-Reynoso, Juan] Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo AC, Unidad Guaymas, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico.
[Kuhn, Carey E.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA.
[McDonald, Birgitte I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Simmons, Samantha E.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Simmons, Samantha E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Yoda, Ken] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
RP Robinson, PW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM robinson@biology.ucsc.edu
OI Maxwell, Sara/0000-0002-4425-9378; Peterson, Sarah/0000-0003-2773-3901
FU National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-02-1-1012]; Office of Naval
Research [N00014-00-10880, N00014-03-1-0651, N00014-08-1-1195,
N00014-10-1-0356]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ANT-0838937];
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean (NOAA);
International Association of Oil and Gas Producers [JIP2207-23];
California Sea Grant program; University of California Natural Reserve
System; Moore Foundation; Packard Foundation; Sloan Foundation; Ida
Benson Lynn Endowed Chair in Ocean Health; Steve Blank; Myers
Oceanographic Trust; Friends of the Long Marine Lab; Sooy Graduate
Fellowship
FX This research was conducted as part of the Tagging of Pacific Predators
(TOPP) program and was supported in part by the National Ocean
Partnership Program (N00014-02-1-1012); the Office of Naval Research
(N00014-00-10880, N00014-03-1-0651, N00014-08-1-1195, and
N00014-10-1-0356); the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar
Programs grant ANT-0838937; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Ocean (NOAA) Exploration Program; the E&P Sound and
Marine Life Joint Industry Project of the International Association of
Oil and Gas Producers (JIP2207-23); California Sea Grant program; NSF
pre-doctoral fellowships to BM, CG, JH, and SM; the University of
California Natural Reserve System Mildred E. Mathias Fellowship; the
Moore, Packard, and Sloan Foundations; the Ida Benson Lynn Endowed Chair
in Ocean Health; Steve Blank; The Myers Oceanographic Trust; Friends of
the Long Marine Lab; and the Sooy Graduate Fellowship. The findings and
conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National
Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 59
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U1 3
U2 67
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e36728
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036728
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959TM
UT WOS:000305336300031
PM 22615801
ER
PT J
AU Raven, PA
Sakhrani, D
Beckman, B
Neregard, L
Sundstrom, LF
Bjornsson, BT
Devlin, RH
AF Raven, P. A.
Sakhrani, D.
Beckman, B.
Neregard, L.
Sundstroem, L. F.
Bjornsson, B. Th
Devlin, R. H.
TI Growth and endocrine effects of recombinant bovine growth hormone
treatment in non-transgenic and growth hormone transgenic coho salmon
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Growth hormone; GH; Transgenic; IGF-1; Coho salmon
ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; BODY-COMPOSITION; IGF-I;
ATLANTIC SALMON; MESSENGER-RNA; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR;
PLACENTAL-LACTOGEN; HEPATIC RECEPTOR; CHANNEL CATFISH
AB To examine the relative growth, endocrine, and gene expression effects of growth hormone (GH) transgenesis vs. GH protein treatment, wild-type non-transgenic and GH transgenic coho salmon were treated with a sustained-release formulation of recombinant bovine GH (bGH; Posilac(TM)). Fish size, specific growth rate (SGR), and condition factor (CF) were monitored for 14 weeks, after which endocrine parameters were measured. Transgenic fish had much higher growth, SGR and CF than non-transgenic fish, and bGH injection significantly increased weight and SGR in non-transgenic but not transgenic fish. Plasma salmon GH concentrations decreased with bGH treatment in non-transgenic but not in transgenic fish where levels were similar to controls. Higher GH mRNA levels were detected in transgenic muscle and liver but no differences were observed in GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels. In non-transgenic pituitary. GH and GHR mRNA levels per mg pituitary decreased with bGH dose to levels seen in transgenic salmon. Plasma IGF-I was elevated with bGH dose only in non-transgenic fish, while transgenic fish maintained an elevated level of IGF-I with or without bGH treatment. A similar trend was seen for liver IGF-I mRNA levels. Thus, bGH treatment increased fish growth and influenced feedback on endocrine parameters in non-transgenic but not in transgenic fish. A lack of further growth stimulation of GH transgenic fish suggests that these fish are experiencing maximal growth stimulation via GH pathways. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Raven, P. A.; Sakhrani, D.; Sundstroem, L. F.; Devlin, R. H.] Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada.
[Beckman, B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Neregard, L.; Bjornsson, B. Th] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fish Endocrinol Lab, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Ctr Aquaculture & Environm Res, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada.
EM Robert.Devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
OI Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756; Sundstrom,
Fredrik/0000-0002-3157-7289
FU Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology
FX The authors wish to thank Kathy Cooper for performing the plasma GH
assays. Funding to RHD from the Canadian Regulatory System for
Biotechnology is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 69
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Z9 14
U1 2
U2 33
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 177
IS 1
BP 143
EP 152
DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.03.002
PG 10
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 948OC
UT WOS:000304511500018
PM 22433940
ER
PT J
AU Afonso, PV
Janka-Junttila, M
Lee, YJ
McCann, CP
Oliver, CM
Aamer, KA
Losert, W
Cicerone, MT
Parent, CA
AF Afonso, Philippe V.
Janka-Junttila, Mirkka
Lee, Young Jong
McCann, Colin P.
Oliver, Charlotte M.
Aamer, Khaled A.
Losert, Wolfgang
Cicerone, Marcus T.
Parent, Carole A.
TI LTB4 Is a Signal-Relay Molecule during Neutrophil Chemotaxis
SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
LA English
DT Article
ID INFL AMMATORY ARTHRITIS; LEUKOTRIENE B-4; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES;
ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; MIGRATION; RECEPTORS; 5-LIPOXYGENASE; ACTIVATION;
FMLP; ADHESION
AB Neutrophil recruitment to inflammation sites purportedly depends on sequential waves of chemoattractants. Current models propose that leukotriene B-4 (LTB4), a secondary chemoattractant secreted by neutrophils in response to primary chemoattractants such as formyl peptides, is important in initiating the inflammation process. In this study we demonstrate that LTB4 plays a central role in neutrophil activation and migration to formyl peptides. We show that LTB4 production dramatically amplifies formyl peptide-mediated neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis by regulating specific signaling pathways acting upstream of actin polymerization and Myoll phosphorylation. Importantly, by analyzing the migration of neutrophils isolated from wildtype mice and mice lacking the formyl peptide receptor 1, we demonstrate that LTB4 acts as a signal to relay information from cell to cell over long distances. Together, our findings imply that LTB4 is a signal-relay molecule that exquisitely regulates neutrophil chemotaxis to formyl peptides, which are produced at the core of inflammation sites.
C1 [Afonso, Philippe V.; Janka-Junttila, Mirkka; McCann, Colin P.; Oliver, Charlotte M.; Parent, Carole A.] NCI, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Lee, Young Jong; Aamer, Khaled A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[McCann, Colin P.; Losert, Wolfgang] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Parent, CA (reprint author), NCI, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bldg 37, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM parentc@mail.nih.gov
RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008; Afonso, Philippe/D-2234-2014
OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Afonso,
Philippe/0000-0002-4828-3797
FU Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health Center
for Cancer Research
FX We thank Amy Melpolder and the NIH Blood Bank for providing human blood
from healthy volunteers. We are grateful to Dr. Philip Murphy for
providing fpr1-/- mice and, in particular, to Dr. Jiliang Gao
for his help with the mice. We wish to thank Drs. Ronald Germain and Tim
Lammermann for providing the blt1-/- mice. We also thank the
C.A.P. laboratory members for excellent discussions and suggestions and
for valuable input on the manuscript. W.L. participated in this work
while on sabbatical at the LCMB, CCR. This research was supported by the
Intramural Research Program of the Center for Cancer Research, NCI,
National Institutes of Health. Official contribution of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the
United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials
are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental
procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply
recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment
identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 67
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Z9 67
U1 2
U2 12
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 1534-5807
J9 DEV CELL
JI Dev. Cell
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 5
BP 1079
EP 1091
DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.003
PG 13
WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
GA 945QS
UT WOS:000304291700019
PM 22542839
ER
PT J
AU Alishaev, MG
Abdulagatov, IM
Abdulagatova, ZZ
AF Alishaev, M. G.
Abdulagatov, I. M.
Abdulagatova, Z. Z.
TI Effective thermal conductivity of fluid-saturated rocks Experiment and
modeling
SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Density; Heat capacity; Heat transfer; Porous rocks; Thermal
conductivity; Sandstone
ID HEAT-FLOW; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ; HIGH-PRESSURES;
POROUS-MEDIA; FUSED QUARTZ; DEPENDENCE; MANTLE; CAPACITY; BASIN
AB Effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of dry, gas-, oil-, and water-saturated rocks with various porosities has been measured over a temperature range from 273 K to 523 K at atmospheric pressure with a steady-state guarded parallel-plate apparatus. The expanded uncertainty of thermal conductivity and temperature measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 were estimated to be 4% and 30 mK, respectively. This uncertainty in ETC measurement does not include the uncertainty due to contact thermal resistance and radiative conductivity. The temperature coefficients, (partial derivative ln lambda/partial derivative T)(P), for fluid-saturated rocks were calculated by using the measured ETC. We interpreted measured ETC data for fluid-saturated rocks using various theoretical models in order to check their accuracy, predictive capability, and applicability. The effect of saturating fluids, structure (size, shape, and distribution of the pores), porosity, and mineralogical composition on temperature and porosity dependences of the ETC of fluid-saturated rocks was discussed. A new simple equation for ETC of fluid-saturated rocks which takes into account structure of porous media has been proposed. Using the Hofmiester model and measured thermal conductivities of dry rock materials, the values of thermodynamic properties (density, thermal expansion coefficient, enthalpy, and heat capacity) were predicted. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Alishaev, M. G.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Abdulagatova, Z. Z.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia.
RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov
NR 79
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U1 3
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0013-7952
J9 ENG GEOL
JI Eng. Geol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 135
BP 24
EP 39
DI 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.03.001
PG 16
WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Geology
GA 945QA
UT WOS:000304289900003
ER
PT J
AU Wang, JS
Seidel, DJ
Free, M
AF Wang, James S.
Seidel, Dian J.
Free, Melissa
TI How well do we know recent climate trends at the tropical tropopause?
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURE DATA;
ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; TIME-SERIES; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; DECADAL
CHANGES; DEHYDRATION; RECORDS; HEIGHT; ROBUST
AB The tropical tropopause is a transition layer between the troposphere and stratosphere that influences global climate and atmospheric chemistry. Several studies have reported multidecadal tropical tropopause cooling and have suggested a correlation between observed tropopause temperature and stratospheric water vapor. Our more rigorous examination of the observations shows tropopause trends have greater uncertainty than previously suggested and the cooling may not be statistically significant. We used two approaches to remove time-varying bias effects from cold-point tropopause trends estimated from radiosonde observations. Our results are consistent with expectations from a conceptual model of tropopause changes and could resolve discrepancies between complex climate models and observations.
C1 [Wang, James S.; Seidel, Dian J.; Free, Melissa] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21228 USA.
EM james.wang@stanfordalumni.org
FU NOAA Air Resources Laboratory through a National Research Council
Research Associateship
FX J.S.W. was supported by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory through a
National Research Council Research Associateship. We thank Yehui (Ally)
Zhang for computer code; Elizabeth Jung for helping carry out the
initial stages of the project; Leo Haimberger for providing RICH data;
and Julian Wang, John Kochendorfer, Bill Randel, Leo Haimberger, and an
anonymous reviewer for comments on the manuscript.
NR 44
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D09118
DI 10.1029/2012JD017444
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 945FY
UT WOS:000304259700003
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, RM
Kucklick, JR
Balmer, BC
Wells, RS
Chanton, JP
Nowacek, DP
AF Wilson, Rachel Marie
Kucklick, John R.
Balmer, Brian C.
Wells, Randall S.
Chanton, Jeffrey P.
Nowacek, Douglas P.
TI Spatial distribution of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
inferred from stable isotopes and priority organic pollutants
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); Priority organic pollutant;
Stable isotope analysis; Florida Gulf Coast
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; PACIFIC KILLER WHALES;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; COASTAL WATERSHEDS; TROPHIC
POSITION; ATLANTIC COAST; SARASOTA BAY; FLORIDA; ESTUARIES
AB Differences in priority organic pollutants (POPs), analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and stable isotope ratios (delta C-13, delta S-34, and delta N-15; analyzed by isotope ratio-mass spectrometry), divide 77 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Florida Gulf Coast into three distinct groups. POP levels reflect human population and historical contamination along the coast. In the least disturbed site, concentrations of Sigma POP in male dolphins were 18,000 ng g(-1) +/- 6000 (95% confidence interval here and throughout); in the intermediate bay, males had Sigma POP concentrations of 19,000 ng g(-1) +/- 10,000. St Andrews Bay was home to dolphins with the highest Sigma POP concentrations: 44,000 ng g(-1) +/- 10,300. delta S-34 and delta N-15, differed significantly between St. George Sound dolphins and those frequenting each of the other two bays, but not between St. Andrews and St. Joseph Bays. IPOP concentrations were statistically higher in dolphins frequenting St. Andrews Bay, but were not significantly different between dolphins occupying St. Joseph Bay and St. George Sound. Thus, using either POP or isotope values alone, we would only be able to identify two dolphin groups, but when POP and isotope data are viewed cumulatively, the results clearly define three distinct communities occupying this region. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wilson, Rachel Marie; Chanton, Jeffrey P.] Florida State Univ, Dept EOAS Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Pratt Sch Engn, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept EOAS Oceanog, 117 N Woodward Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM ryounge@ocean.fsu.edu
RI Wilson, Rachel /F-2723-2013
FU Harbor Branch Protect Wild Dolphins Project; Chicago Zoological Society;
NOAA Fisheries; The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration via
the Northern Gulf Institute; The Florida State University Graduate
School
FX Funding for sample collection was provided by the Harbor Branch Protect
Wild Dolphins Project, the Chicago Zoological Society, and NOAA
Fisheries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration via the
Northern Gulf Institute funded data analysis. The Florida State
University Graduate School provided support to RMW via a University
Fellowship. No funding agency was involved in study design, collection,
analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report or the
decision to submit for publication. J. Yordy provided analytical
assistance as well as a thoughtful review of the manuscript that
contributed significantly to the quality of the final product. The
authors wish to extend a special thank you to A. Guichard and D.
Zdankiewicz Ellisor, for analytical assistance and to R. Tyson for
creating the map. Three anonymous reviewers contributed significantly to
the clarity of this manuscript.
NR 62
TC 13
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U1 4
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 425
BP 223
EP 230
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.030
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 944OR
UT WOS:000304214200026
PM 22464275
ER
PT J
AU Gomez-Gutierrez, J
Struder-Kypke, MC
Lynn, DH
Shaw, TC
Aguilar-Mendez, MJ
Lopez-Cortes, A
Martinez-Gomez, S
Robinson, CJ
AF Gomez-Gutierrez, J.
Strueder-Kypke, M. C.
Lynn, D. H.
Shaw, T. C.
Aguilar-Mendez, M. J.
Lopez-Cortes, A.
Martinez-Gomez, S.
Robinson, C. J.
TI Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp nov (Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a
parasitoid ciliate infecting the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Euphausiids; Ciliates; Apostomatidae; Collinia; cox1; SSU rRNA; Mexico
ID MARINE SNOW; N-SP; GYMNODINIOIDES-PACIFICA; PROTOZOAN CILIOPHORA;
NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC; HYALOPHYSA-CHATTONI; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS;
BAJA-CALIFORNIA; FINE-STRUCTURE; WEST-COAST
AB A novel parasitoid ciliate, Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp. nov. was discovered infecting the subtropical sac-spawning euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex off both coasts of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. We used microscopic, and genetic information to describe this species throughout most of its life cycle. Pseudocollinia is distinguished from other Colliniidae genera because it exclusively infects euphausiids, has a polymorphic life cycle, and has a small cone-shaped oral cavity whose left wall has a field of ciliated kinetosomes and whose opening is surrounded on the left and right by 2 'oral' kineties (or ciliary rows) that terminate at its anterior border. Two related species that infect different euphausiid species from higher latitudes in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, Collinia beringensis Capriulo and Small, 1986, briefly redescribed herein, and Collinia oregonensis Gomez-Gutierrez, Peterson, and Morado, 2006, are transferred to the genus Pseudocollinia. P. brintoni has between 12 and 18 somatic kineties, and its oral cavity has only 2 oral kineties, while P. beringensis comb. nov. has more somatic kineties, including 3 oral kineties. P. oregonensis comb. nov. has an intermediate number of somatic kineties. P. beringensis comb. nov. also infects Thysanoessa raschi (a new host species). SSU rRNA and cox1 gene sequences demonstrated that Pseudocollinia ciliates are apostome ciliates and that P. brintoni is different from P. beringensis comb. nov. High densities of rod-shaped bacteria (1.7 mu m length, 0.2 to 0.5 mu m diameter) were associated with P. brintoni. After euphausiid rupture, high concentrations of P. brintoni and bacteria cluster to form 3 to 6 cm long filaments where tomites encyst and transform to the phoront stage; this is a novel place for encystation. P. brintoni may complete its life cycle when the euphausiids feed on these filaments.
C1 [Gomez-Gutierrez, J.; Martinez-Gomez, S.] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, La Paz 23096, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
[Strueder-Kypke, M. C.; Lynn, D. H.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Shaw, T. C.] Cooperat Inst Marine Resources, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Shaw, T. C.] NOAA, NMFS, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Aguilar-Mendez, M. J.; Lopez-Cortes, A.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste CIBNOR, La Paz 23090, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
[Robinson, C. J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Lab Ecol Pesquerias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
RP Gomez-Gutierrez, J (reprint author), Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Dept Plancton & Ecol Marina, Av IPN S-N,AP 592, La Paz 23096, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico.
EM jagomezg@ipn.mx
FU Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas from Instituto Politecnico
Nacional (IPN-CGPI); SAGARPA-CONACyT [S007-2005-1-11717]; Universidad
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [PAPIIT IN219502, IN210622]; NSERC Canada;
CIBNOR [PC4.2]; SEP-CONACYT [45914/A-1]; SNI; COFAA-IPN; EDI-IPN;
[CONACyT-2004-C01-00144]
FX J.G.G. dedicates this publication to Professor E. Brinton for his
invaluable friendship, guidance, and mentoring from 1990 until his
death. Professor Brinton maintained an excellent quality in euphausiid
investigations worldwide, and he was an outstanding example of
endurance, a kind person, and a dearest friend. We will never forget his
words, "We will never fully understand the variability of life in the
oceans. But please don't fault us for trying". We thank A. Arturo
Cruz-Villacorta (CIBNOR, Mexico) for his SEM assistance. We are in debt
to the RV 'El Puma' crew (UNAM) for their co-operation at sea. We are
grateful to D. Tikhonenkov for translations of Russian research. This
research was partially supported by the Centro Interdisciplinario de
Ciencias Marinas from Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN-CGPI
2004-2011), CONACyT-2004-C01-00144, SAGARPA-CONACyT S007-2005-1-11717,
and the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (PAPIIT IN219502 and
IN210622). M. C. S. K. and D. H. L. were supported by a NSERC Canada
Discovery Grant. M.J.A.M. and A. L. C. were supported by CIBNOR PC4.2,
SEP-CONACYT 45914/A-1 grants. J.G.G., A. L. C., and C.J.R. are supported
by an SNI fellowship, and J.G.G. was supported by COFAA-IPN and EDI-IPN
grants.
NR 63
TC 11
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U1 1
U2 10
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 99
IS 1
BP 57
EP 78
DI 10.3354/dao02450
PG 22
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 942MU
UT WOS:000304049000007
PM 22585303
ER
PT J
AU Day, RD
Roseneau, DG
Berail, S
Hobson, KA
Donard, OFX
Vander Pol, SS
Pugh, RS
Moors, AJ
Long, SE
Beckert, PR
AF Day, Rusty D.
Roseneau, David G.
Berail, Sylvain
Hobson, Keith A.
Donard, Olivier F. X.
Vander Pol, Stacy S.
Pugh, Rebecca S.
Moors, Amanda J.
Long, Stephen E.
Beckert, Paul R.
TI Mercury Stable Isotopes in Seabird Eggs Reflect a Gradient from
Terrestrial Geogenic to Oceanic Mercury Reservoirs
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-CARBON INPUTS; SEA-ICE; RATIO
MEASUREMENTS; NORTON SOUND; YUKON RIVER; BERING-SEA; HG; METHYLMERCURY;
FRACTIONATION
AB Elevated mercury concentrations ([Hg]) were found in Alaskan murre (Uria spp.) eggs from the coastal embayment of Norton Sound relative to insular colonies in the northern Bering Sea-Bering Strait region. Stable isotopes of Hg, carbon, and nitrogen were measured in the eggs to investigate the source of this enrichment. Lower (delta C-13 values in Norton Sound eggs (-23.3 parts per thousand to -20.0 parts per thousand) relative to eggs from more oceanic colonies (-20.9 parts per thousand to 18.7 parts per thousand) indicated that a significant terrestrial carbon source was associated with the elevated [Hg] in Norton Sound, implicating the Yukon River and smaller Seward Peninsula watersheds as the likely Hg source. The increasing [Hg] gradient extending inshore was accompanied by strong decreasing gradients of delta Hg-202 and.Delta Hg-199 in eggs, indicating lower degrees of mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent Hg fractionation (MIF) (respectively) in the Norton Sound food web. Negative or zero MDF and MIF signatures are typical of geological Hg sources, which suggests murres in Norton Sound integrated Hg from a more recent geological origin that has experienced a relatively limited extent of aquatic fractionation relative to more oceanic colonies. The association of low delta Hg-202 and Delta Hg-199 with elevated [Hg] and suggested that Hg stable isotopes in murre eggs effectively differentiated terrestrial/geogenic Hg sources from oceanic reservoirs. terrestrial delta C-13 values
C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Vander Pol, Stacy S.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Moors, Amanda J.; Beckert, Paul R.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Roseneau, David G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
[Day, Rusty D.; Berail, Sylvain; Donard, Olivier F. X.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, Equipe Chim Analyt BioInorgan & Environm, CNRS UMR 5254, F-64053 Pau, France.
[Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
[Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Day, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM russell.day@nist.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [0822-322]; Alaska Maritime National
Wildlife Refuge
FX We thank Eric (Bill) Trigg, Special Projects Assistant, Kawerak Inc.,
Nome, for coordinating the Norton Sound - Bering Strait egg collecting
efforts, and receiving, storing, and shipping the eggs to Homer. We also
thank the following people for collecting the murre and gull eggs during
the 2008-2009 nesting seasons: Archie Adam (Brevig Mission), Arthur
Ahkinga (Diomede), Austin Ahmasuk (Nome), Jack Fager-strom (Golovin),
Andrew Foxie Sr. (Stebbins), Dylan Iya (Savoonga), Clyde Jackson
(Shaktoolik), Dwayne Johnson Sr. (Unalakleet), Elijah Lane (Point Hope),
Eric Larsen (Nome), Nick Lekanof (St. George), Peter Lekanof (St.
George), Gary Merculief (St. George), Leslie Slater (AMNWR Homer),
Stanley Tocktoo (Shishmaref), Greg Thomson (AMNWR Homer), and Lily
Tuzroyluke (Point Hope). This study was funded by the North Pacific
Research Board (NPRB Publication No. 0822-322) and the Alaska Maritime
National Wildlife Refuge provided additional support for the work.
Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment or instruments are identified
in this paper to adequately specify the experimental procedures. Such
identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that
the equipment or instruments are the best available for the purpose.
Thank you to John Warzybok for the photograph of the murre with egg.
NR 51
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 10
BP 5327
EP 5335
DI 10.1021/es2047156
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 941LM
UT WOS:000303964700013
PM 22519440
ER
PT J
AU Juranek, LW
Quay, PD
Feely, RA
Lockwood, D
Karl, DM
Church, MJ
AF Juranek, L. W.
Quay, P. D.
Feely, R. A.
Lockwood, D.
Karl, D. M.
Church, M. J.
TI Biological production in the NE Pacific and its influence on air-sea CO2
flux: Evidence from dissolved oxygen isotopes and O-2/Ar
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NOTE CONSISTENT CALCULATION; AQUATIC GROSS
PRODUCTION; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; NORTH
PACIFIC; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; OPEN-OCEAN; ECOSYSTEM
DYNAMICS
AB We determine rates of gross photosynthetic O-2 production (GOP) and net community O-2 production (NCP) using the triple oxygen isotope and O-2/Ar approach on two spring and two late summer meridional transects of the NE Pacific. Observed GOP and NCP in the subtropical (89 +/- 9 and 8.3 +/- 1.3 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1), respectively) and subarctic (193 +/- 16 and 16.3 +/- 3.8 mmol O-2 m(-2) d(-1)) were in agreement with rates previously determined at time series stations in each region, validating the regional representativeness of these sites. At the transition zone chlorophyll front (TZCF), which migrates seasonally from 32 degrees N in spring to 40 degrees N in summer, GOP and NCP were elevated by 2-4x compared to adjacent areas. Coincident with the TZCF, increases in surface nitrate concentration and extensive changes in phytoplankton community composition were observed. HPLC pigment data indicated substantial increases in a prymnesiophyte (e. g., coccolithophore) biomarker at the TZCF on a spring and summer cruise, and a diatom biomarker on the spring cruise. Increases in remotely sensed surface particulate inorganic carbon concentration were also observed at the TZCF on all four cruises, indicating that coccolithophore production may contribute to increased productivity at the TZCF. Meridional trends in observed air-sea CO2 flux on each cruise resembled those of the biologically induced CO2 flux (NCP), but with an overprinting of the response of air-sea CO2 exchange to summer warming. A simple carbon budget based on regional CO2 flux climatology demonstrates the importance of NCP for net annual air-sea CO2 uptake, although slow air-sea equilibration and seasonal solubility effects obscure this term.
C1 [Juranek, L. W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Quay, P. D.; Lockwood, D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Karl, D. M.; Church, M. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Juranek, LW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM laurie.juranek@noaa.gov
FU NASA ESS; NOAA GCC [NA10OAR4310090]; National Science Foundation
[EF-0424599]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Joint Institute for the
Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232,
NA10OAR4320148]; NOAA PMEL
FX The authors thank the many scientists and ships' crew who supported this
work with collection and processing of ancillary chemical, biological,
and hydrographic data in the field. D. Wilbur, J. Stutsman, and M.
Haught provided invaluable help with the isotopic analyses. We also
thank the NASA Ocean Color Working Group for making gridded estimates of
remotely sensed chl and PIC freely available. This work was supported by
a NASA ESS Graduate Fellowship and NOAA GCC NA10OAR4310090 (LWJ) and was
funded in part by National Science Foundation grant EF-0424599 and the
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (DMK). This work was also partially
funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean
(JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreements NA17RJ1232 and NA10OAR4320148,
contribution 1878, and NOAA PMEL contribution 3726.
NR 99
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 5
U2 31
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C05022
DI 10.1029/2011JC007450
PG 23
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 945CO
UT WOS:000304250600001
ER
PT J
AU Lauw, Y
Horne, MD
Rodopoulos, T
Lockett, V
Akgun, B
Hamilton, WA
Nelson, ARJ
AF Lauw, Yansen
Horne, Michael D.
Rodopoulos, Theo
Lockett, Vera
Akgun, Bulent
Hamilton, William A.
Nelson, Andrew R. J.
TI Structure of [C(4)mpyr][NTf2] Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid at Charged
Gold Interfaces
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SUM-FREQUENCY
GENERATION; DIFFERENTIAL CAPACITANCE; RAY REFLECTIVITY; SURFACE;
ADSORPTION; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER
AB The structure of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C(4)mpyr][NTf2]) room-temperature ionic liquid at an electrified gold interface was studied using neutron reflectometry, cyclic voltammetry, and differential capacitance measurements. Subtle differences were observed between the reflectivity data collected on a gold electrode at three different applied potentials. Detailed analysis of the fitted reflectivity data reveals an excess of [C(4)mpyr] at the interface, with the amount decreasing at increasingly positive potentials. A cation rich interface was found even at a positively charged electrode, which indicates a nonelectrostatic (specific) adsorption of [C(4)mpyr] onto the gold electrode.
C1 [Lauw, Yansen; Hamilton, William A.; Nelson, Andrew R. J.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia.
[Lauw, Yansen; Horne, Michael D.; Rodopoulos, Theo] CSIRO Proc Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia.
[Lockett, Vera] Univ S Australia, Ian Wark Res Inst, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
[Akgun, Bulent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Nelson, ARJ (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia.
EM Andrew.Nelson@ansto.gov.au
RI Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Horne,
Mike/A-9586-2011
OI Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558; Horne, Mike/0000-0002-0218-7249
FU CSIRO; ANSTO; NIST; Australian Government [08/09-N-22]
FX We thank Dr. B. Follink, Dr. G.A. Snook, Dr. NAS Webster (CSIRO); Dr. R.
Knott (ANSTO); Dr. N. Maliszewskyj and Dr. A. Jackson (NIST) for their
support in this work. Y. Lauw would like to acknowledge financial
support from the Access to Major Research Facilities Programme (ref
08/09-N-22), which is a component of the International Science Linkages
Programme established under the Australian Government's innovation
statement, "Backing Australia's Ability". Some preliminary NR
measurements were conducted at the NIST Center for Neutron Research
using the NG7 reflectometer, under Proposal Number R23-13. The main NR
data were collected using Platypus instrument at ANSTO, under Proposal
ID P1071 and IC831.
NR 63
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 2
U2 70
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 19
BP 7374
EP 7381
DI 10.1021/la3005757
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 941ND
UT WOS:000303969000008
PM 22515304
ER
PT J
AU Rubbo, CP
Satija, II
Reinhardt, WP
Balakrishnan, R
Rey, AM
Manmana, SR
AF Rubbo, Chester P.
Satija, Indubala I.
Reinhardt, William P.
Balakrishnan, Radha
Rey, Ana Maria
Manmana, Salvatore R.
TI Quantum dynamics of solitons in strongly interacting systems on optical
lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-INDUCED GAP; DIMENSIONAL S=1/2 ANTIFERROMAGNET; BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE; MANY-BODY SYSTEMS; CU BENZOATE; RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS;
SUPERFLUID HE-4; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DARK SOLITONS; SPIN CHAIN
AB Mean-field dynamics of strongly interacting bosons described by hard-core bosons with nearest-neighbor attraction has been shown to support two species of solitons: one of Gross-Pitaevskii type (GP type) where the condensate fraction remains dark, and a non-Gross-Pitaevskii type (non-GP type) characterized by brightening of the condensate fraction. Here we study the effects of quantum fluctuations on these solitons using the adaptive time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method, which takes into account the effect of strong correlations. We use local observables as the density, condensate density, and correlation functions as well as the entanglement entropy to characterize the stability of the initial states. We find both species of solitons to be stable under quantum evolution for a finite duration, their tolerance to quantum fluctuations being enhanced as the width of the soliton increases. We describe possible experimental realizations in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, polarized degenerate Fermi gases, and in systems of polar molecules on optical lattices.
C1 [Rubbo, Chester P.; Rey, Ana Maria; Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rubbo, Chester P.; Rey, Ana Maria; Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Satija, Indubala I.; Reinhardt, William P.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Satija, Indubala I.; Reinhardt, William P.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Reinhardt, William P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Balakrishnan, Radha] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
RP Rubbo, CP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011
OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576
FU ONR [N00014-09-1-1025A]; NIST [70NANB7H6138 Am 001]; NSF [PHYS 07-03278,
PFC, PIF-0904017, DMR-0955707]; AFOSR; ARO (DARPA-OLE); Department of
Science and Technology, India
FX We acknowledge financial support by ONR Grant No. N00014-09-1-1025A,
Grant No. 70NANB7H6138 Am 001 by NIST, by NSF (PHYS 07-03278, PFC,
PIF-0904017, and DMR-0955707), the AFOSR, and the ARO (DARPA-OLE). R. B.
thanks the Department of Science and Technology, India, for financial
support.
NR 80
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 5
AR 053617
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.053617
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 942SX
UT WOS:000304068400008
ER
PT J
AU Li, Q
Hoogeboom-Pot, K
Nardi, D
Murnane, MM
Kapteyn, HC
Siemens, ME
Anderson, EH
Hellwig, O
Dobisz, E
Gurney, B
Yang, RG
Nelson, KA
AF Li, Qing
Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen
Nardi, Damiano
Murnane, Margaret M.
Kapteyn, Henry C.
Siemens, Mark E.
Anderson, Erik H.
Hellwig, Olav
Dobisz, Elizabeth
Gurney, Bruce
Yang, Ronggui
Nelson, Keith A.
TI Generation and control of ultrashort-wavelength two-dimensional surface
acoustic waves at nanoscale interfaces
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS
AB In this work, we generate and probe the shortest wavelength surface acoustic waves to date, at 45 nm, by diffracting coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from a suboptical phononic crystal. The short acoustic wavelengths correspond to penetration depths of approximately 10 nm. We also measure the acoustic dispersion in two-dimensional nanostructured phononic crystals down to this wavelength for the first time, showing that it is strongly influenced by the ultrashort acoustic penetration depth, and that advanced finite-element analysis is required to model the dispersion. Finally, we use pulse sequences to control surface acoustic wave generation in one-dimensional nanostructured gratings, to preferentially enhance higher-order surface waves, while suppressing lower frequency waves. This allows us to reduce the generated surface acoustic wavelength by a factor of two for a defined nanostructure period.
C1 [Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Li, Qing; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen; Nardi, Damiano; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA.
[Siemens, Mark E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO USA.
[Anderson, Erik H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hellwig, Olav; Dobisz, Elizabeth; Gurney, Bruce] HGST, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA USA.
[Yang, Ronggui] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Li, Q (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011
OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF
Engineering Research Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and
Technology; NSF
FX We thank Alex Maznev for valuable discussions. The JILA group
acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, and the NSF Engineering Research Center for Extreme
Ultraviolet Science and Technology. R.Y. acknowledges his CAREER Award
from NSF.
NR 26
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 39
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 19
AR 195431
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.195431
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 942WI
UT WOS:000304081600007
ER
PT J
AU Turner, DB
Wen, P
Arias, DH
Nelson, KA
Li, HB
Moody, G
Siemens, ME
Cundiff, ST
AF Turner, Daniel B.
Wen, Patrick
Arias, Dylan H.
Nelson, Keith A.
Li, Hebin
Moody, Galan
Siemens, Mark E.
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Persistent exciton-type many-body interactions in GaAs quantum wells
measured using two-dimensional optical spectroscopy
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; COHERENT SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS;
POLARIZATION; PHASE; EMISSION; BEATS; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; ENERGY
AB Studies have shown that many-body interactions among semiconductor excitons can produce distinct features in two-dimensional optical spectra. However, to the best of our knowledge, the dynamics of many-body interactions have not been measured in two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy studies. Here we measure 2D spectra of GaAs quantum wells at many different "waiting" times and study the time dependence of the spectral features. Characteristic signatures of exciton polarization correlations manifest in the diagonal peaks decay at the exciton dephasing rate, consistent with theoretical predictions. Other many-body interactions manifest in off-diagonal features decay much more slowly. These persistent off-diagonal features must be due to many-body interactions involving exciton populations, and their persistence cannot be predicted by theoretical descriptions restricted to the coherent limit.
C1 [Turner, Daniel B.; Wen, Patrick; Arias, Dylan H.; Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Turner, DB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
EM kanelson@mit.edu
RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody,
Galan/J-5811-2014
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483
FU NDSEG; NSF [CHE-0616939, CHE-1111557]; DOE BES-EFRC [DE-SC0001088];
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office
of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, US Department of Energy
FX D.B. T. was financially supported by NDSEG and NSF. P. W. was supported
as part of the DOE BES-EFRC Award No. DE-SC0001088. The work at MIT was
supported in part by NSF Grants No. CHE-0616939 and No. CHE-1111557. The
work at JILA was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of
Science, US Department of Energy and the NSF.
NR 56
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 15
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 20
AR 201303
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.201303
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 942WN
UT WOS:000304082100002
ER
PT J
AU Gaowei, M
Muller, EM
Rumaiz, AK
Weiland, C
Cockayne, E
Jordan-Sweet, J
Smedley, J
Woicik, JC
AF Gaowei, M.
Muller, E. M.
Rumaiz, A. K.
Weiland, C.
Cockayne, E.
Jordan-Sweet, J.
Smedley, J.
Woicik, J. C.
TI Annealing dependence of diamond-metal Schottky barrier heights probed by
hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; RADIATION DETECTORS; CARBON FILMS; SURFACES;
TRANSMISSION; COMPONENTS; GRAPHITE; BEAMLINE
AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied to investigate the diamond-metal Schottky barrier heights for several metals and diamond surface terminations. The position of the diamond valence-band maximum was determined by theoretically calculating the diamond density of states and applying cross section corrections. The diamond-platinum Schottky barrier height was lowered by 0.2 eV after thermal annealing, indicating annealing may increase carrier injection in diamond devices leading to photoconductive gain. The platinum contacts on oxygen-terminated diamond was found to provide a higher Schottky barrier and therefore a better blocking contact than that of the silver contact in diamond-based electronic devices. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4718028]
C1 [Gaowei, M.; Muller, E. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Rumaiz, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Weiland, C.; Cockayne, E.; Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jordan-Sweet, J.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
[Smedley, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Gaowei, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM smedley@bnl.gov
RI Muller, Erik/A-9790-2008; Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012; Weiland,
Conan/K-4840-2012
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy
[KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013, DE-FG02-12ER41837]
FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source and Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work is supported
by U.S. Department of Energy under Grants KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013 and
DE-FG02-12ER41837.
NR 24
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 34
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 14
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 20
AR 201606
DI 10.1063/1.4718028
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 945HZ
UT WOS:000304265000021
ER
PT J
AU Safronova, MS
Porsev, SG
Kozlov, MG
Clark, CW
AF Safronova, M. S.
Porsev, S. G.
Kozlov, M. G.
Clark, Charles W.
TI Polarizabilities of Si2+: A benchmark test of theory and experiment
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECISION CALCULATIONS; CONSTANTS; BARIUM; CLOCKS; ATOMS
AB We have calculated electric dipole polarizabilities of the 3s(2) S-1(0), 3s3p P-3(0), and 3s3p P-1(1) states of the Si2+ ion using the recently developed configuration interaction + all-order method. A detailed evaluation of the uncertainties of the final results is carried out. Our value for the ground-state electric dipole polarizability 11.670(13) a.u. is in excellent agreement with the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy value 11.669(9) a.u. [Komara et al., J. Phys. B 38, 87 (2005); Mitroy, Phys. Rev. A 78, 052515 (2008)]. This paper represents a benchmark test of theory and experiment in divalent atoms. The near cancellation of the ns(2) S-1(0) ground state and the lowest nsnp P-3(0) polarizabilities previously observed in B+, Al+, In+, Tl+, and Pb2+ is also found in the Si2+ ion.
C1 [Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg 188300, Russia.
[Kozlov, M. G.] St Petersburg Electrotechn Univ LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia.
[Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009
OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885
FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and
Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center
[PHY-0822671]; US NSF [PHY-1068699, PHY-0758088]; RFBR [11-02-00943]
FX We thank J. Mitroy for bringing our attention to this problem. This
research was performed, in part, under the sponsorship of the US
Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology
and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics
Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671. The work of S. G. P. was
supported, in part, by US NSF Grants No. PHY-1068699 and No.
PHY-0758088. The work of M. G. K. was supported, in part, by RFBR Grant
No. 11-02-00943.
NR 41
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD MAY 14
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 5
AR 052506
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052506
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 942SW
UT WOS:000304068300004
ER
PT J
AU Matsuo, T
Fedrizzi, M
Fuller-Rowell, TJ
Codrescu, MV
AF Matsuo, Tomoko
Fedrizzi, Mariangel
Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.
Codrescu, Mihail V.
TI Data assimilation of thermospheric mass density
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; ELECTRODYNAMICS; CHAMP; VARIABILITY; REGION
AB \Accurate modeling of thermospheric mass density variation is of foremost importance to low Earth orbital prediction. The accuracy of empirical neutral density models based on global indices for solar and geomagnetic activity is inherently limited by the resolution of these indices. Assimilative modeling is appealing, as it provides a means to systematically identify and correct the inconsistencies between model specification and observations. In this paper we present a practical assimilative mass density specification methodology that optimally combines the mass density prediction by the Coupled-Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Plasmasphere-electrodynamics (CTIPe) model with in-situ observations of neutral mass density by research satellites such as Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). The methodology yields an analysis of the global density according to Bayes's rule under the assumption of Gaussian prior and observation error distribution (namely, by using the Optimal Interpolation or Kalman Filter update formula). To make best use of under-sampled global neutral mass density observations, the background (prior) error covariance is built on the principal component analysis to represent the long-distance correlation effectively, with an adaptive capability by using the maximum-likelihood method. The neutral mass density specification at 400 km can be improved up to 50% beyond what has been attained by the CTIPe by assimilating CHAMP and GRACE density observations.
C1 [Matsuo, Tomoko; Codrescu, Mihail V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Matsuo, Tomoko; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Matsuo, T (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway W-NP9, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tomoko.matsuo@colorado.edu
RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University
Research Initiative [FA9550-07-1-0565]
FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific
Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative award
FA9550-07-1-0565.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD MAY 12
PY 2012
VL 10
AR S05002
DI 10.1029/2012SW000773
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 942AS
UT WOS:000304012400001
ER
PT J
AU Galal, WC
Pan, M
Kelman, Z
Hurwitz, J
AF Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz
Pan, Miao
Kelman, Zvi
Hurwitz, Jerard
TI Characterization of DNA Primase Complex Isolated from the Archaeon,
Thermococcus kodakaraensis
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HETERODIMERIC
PRIMASE; REPLICATION FORK; RNA; POLYMERASES; IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN
AB In most organisms, DNA replication is initiated by DNA primases, which synthesize primers that are elongated by DNA polymerases. In this study, we describe the isolation and biochemical characterization of the DNA primase complex and its subunits from the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. The T. kodakaraensis DNA primase complex is a heterodimer containing stoichiometric levels of the p41 and p46 subunits. The catalytic activity of the complex resides within the p41 subunit. We show that the complex supports both DNA and RNA synthesis, whereas the p41 subunit alone marginally produces RNA and synthesizes DNA chains that are longer than those formed by the complex. We report that the T. kodakaraensis primase complex preferentially interacts with dNTP rather than ribonucleoside triphosphates and initiates RNA as well as DNA chains de novo. The latter findings indicate that the archaeal primase complex, in contrast to the eukaryote homolog, can initiate DNA chain synthesis in the absence of ribonucleoside triphosphates. DNA primers formed by the archaeal complex can be elongated extensively by the T. kodakaraensis DNA polymerase (Pol) B, whereas DNA primers formed by the p41 catalytic subunit alone were not. Supplementation of reactions containing the p41 subunit with the p46 subunit leads to PolB-catalyzed DNA synthesis. We also established a rolling circle reaction using a primed 200-nucleotide circle as the substrate. In the presence of the T. kodakaraensis minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 3'-> 35' DNA helicase, PolB, replication factor C, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, long leading strands (>10 kb) are produced. Supplementation of such reactions with the DNA primase complex supported lagging strand formation as well.
C1 [Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz; Hurwitz, Jerard] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA.
[Pan, Miao; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Kelman, Zvi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Hurwitz, J (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA.
EM j-hurwitz@ski.mskcc.org
RI Pan, Miao/E-7346-2012
FU National Institutes of Health [GH034559]; National Science Foundation
[MCB-0815646]
FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of
Health Grant GH034559 (to J. H.). This work was also supported by
National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0815646 (to Z. K.).
NR 28
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD MAY 11
PY 2012
VL 287
IS 20
BP 16209
EP 16219
DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.338145
PG 11
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 942GB
UT WOS:000304030900013
ER
PT J
AU Galal, WC
Pan, M
Giulian, G
Yuan, W
Li, SW
Edwards, JL
Marino, JP
Kelman, Z
Hurwitz, J
AF Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz
Pan, Miao
Giulian, Gary
Yuan, Wei
Li, Shuwei
Edwards, James L.
Marino, John P.
Kelman, Zvi
Hurwitz, Jerard
TI Formation of dAMP-glycerol and dAMP-Tris Derivatives by Thermococcus
kodakaraensis DNA Primase
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID HETERODIMERIC PRIMASE; EUKARYOTIC PRIMASE; PRIMER SYNTHESIS; P58
SUBUNIT; INITIATION; DOMAIN; TRANSFERASE; POLYMERASE; MECHANISM; COMPLEX
AB In the presence of dATP, glycerol, and Tris buffer, the DNA primase isolated from Thermococcus kodakaraensis catalyzed the formation of dAMP and two products that were identified as dAMP-glycerol and dAMP-Tris. These products were formed by the T. kodakaraensis p41 catalytic subunit alone and the T. kodakaraensis p41-p46 complex in the absence of a DNA template. They were not formed with preparations containing the catalytically inactive p41 subunit. Similar glycerol and Tris derivatives as well as dNMPs were also formed with dGTP, dCTP, or dTTP. The mechanism contributing to the formation of these products and its implications in the initiation reaction catalyzed by the T. kodakaraensis primase are discussed.
C1 [Galal, Wiebke Chemnitz; Hurwitz, Jerard] 5 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY USA.
[Pan, Miao; Giulian, Gary; Yuan, Wei; Li, Shuwei; Edwards, James L.; Marino, John P.; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Marino, John P.; Kelman, Zvi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Hurwitz, J (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA.
EM j-hurwitz@ski.mskcc.org
RI Pan, Miao/E-7346-2012; Yuan, Wei/C-4938-2012
FU National Institutes of Health [GM034559]; National Science Foundation
[MCB-0815646]
FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of
Health Grant GM034559 (to J. H.). This work was also supported by
National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0815646 (to Z. K.).
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD MAY 11
PY 2012
VL 287
IS 20
BP 16220
EP 16229
DI 10.1074/jbc.M111.338160
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 942GB
UT WOS:000304030900014
ER
PT J
AU Neuman, JA
Aikin, KC
Atlas, EL
Blake, DR
Holloway, JS
Meinardi, S
Nowak, JB
Parrish, DD
Peischl, J
Perring, AE
Pollack, IB
Roberts, JM
Ryerson, TB
Trainer, M
AF Neuman, J. A.
Aikin, K. C.
Atlas, E. L.
Blake, D. R.
Holloway, J. S.
Meinardi, S.
Nowak, J. B.
Parrish, D. D.
Peischl, J.
Perring, A. E.
Pollack, I. B.
Roberts, J. M.
Ryerson, T. B.
Trainer, M.
TI Ozone and alkyl nitrate formation from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
atmospheric emissions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; NOX-AIR
PHOTOOXIDATIONS; BIFUNCTIONAL NITRATES; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; REACTIVE
NITROGEN; UNITED-STATES; N-ALKANES; LIFETIMES; OUTFLOW
AB Ozone (O-3), alkyl nitrates (RONO2), and other photochemical products were formed in the atmosphere downwind from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill by photochemical reactions of evaporating hydrocarbons with NOx (= NO + NO2) emissions from spill response activities. Reactive nitrogen species and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured from an instrumented aircraft during daytime flights in the marine boundary layer downwind from the area of surfacing oil. A unique VOC mixture, where alkanes dominated the hydroxyl radical (OH) loss rate, was emitted into a clean marine environment, enabling a focused examination of O-3 and RONO2 formation processes. In the atmospheric plume from DWH, the OH loss rate, an indicator of potential O-3 formation, was large and dominated by alkanes with between 5 and 10 carbons per molecule (C-5-C-10). Observations showed that NOx was oxidized very rapidly with a 0.8 h lifetime, producing primarily C-6-C-10 RONO2 that accounted for 78% of the reactive nitrogen enhancements in the atmospheric plume 2.5 h downwind from DWH. Both observations and calculations of RONO2 and O-3 production rates show that alkane oxidation dominated O-3 formation chemistry in the plume. Rapid and nearly complete oxidation of NOx to RONO2 effectively terminated O-3 production, with O-3 formation yields of 6.0 +/- 0.5 ppbv O-3 per ppbv of NOx oxidized. VOC mixing ratios were in large excess of NOx, and additional NOx would have formed additional O-3 in this plume. Analysis of measurements of VOCs, O-3, and reactive nitrogen species and calculations of O-3 and RONO2 production rates demonstrate that NOx-VOC chemistry in the DWH plume is explained by known mechanisms.
C1 [Neuman, J. A.; Aikin, K. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Neuman, J. A.; Aikin, K. C.; Holloway, J. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Perring, A. E.; Pollack, I. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Blake, D. R.; Meinardi, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
RP Neuman, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM andy.neuman@noaa.gov
RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Trainer,
Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Aikin,
Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas,
Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Peischl,
Jeff/E-7454-2010; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Parrish,
David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Roberts,
James/A-1082-2009
OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807;
Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101;
Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594;
Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172
FU NOAA
FX We thank the NOAA Climate Change, Health of the Atmosphere Program for
support and the NOAA Aircraft Operation Center staff for accomplishing
the Gulf flights.
NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 32
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 11
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D09305
DI 10.1029/2011JD017150
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 941ZP
UT WOS:000304009200001
ER
PT J
AU Tonry, JL
Stubbs, CW
Lykke, KR
Doherty, P
Shivvers, IS
Burgett, WS
Chambers, KC
Hodapp, KW
Kaiser, N
Kudritzki, RP
Magnier, EA
Morgan, JS
Price, PA
Wainscoat, RJ
AF Tonry, J. L.
Stubbs, C. W.
Lykke, K. R.
Doherty, P.
Shivvers, I. S.
Burgett, W. S.
Chambers, K. C.
Hodapp, K. W.
Kaiser, N.
Kudritzki, R. -P.
Magnier, E. A.
Morgan, J. S.
Price, P. A.
Wainscoat, R. J.
TI THE Pan-STARRS1 PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric effects; instrumentation: photometers; surveys; techniques:
photometric
ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION; STELLAR LOCUS; CALIBRATION;
TELESCOPES; HIPPARCOS; PASSBANDS; STANDARDS; PANSTARRS; IMAGER
AB The Pan-STARRS1 survey is collecting multi-epoch, multi-color observations of the sky north of declination -30 degrees to unprecedented depths. These data are being photometrically and astrometrically calibrated and will serve as a reference for many other purposes. In this paper, we present our determination of the Pan-STARRS1 photometric system: g(P1), r(P1), i(P1), z(P1), y(P1), and w(P1). The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system is fundamentally based on the Hubble Space Telescope Calspec spectrophotometric observations, which in turn are fundamentally based on models of white dwarf atmospheres. We define the Pan-STARRS1 magnitude system and describe in detail our measurement of the system passbands, including both the instrumental sensitivity and atmospheric transmission functions. By-products, including transformations to other photometric systems, Galactic extinction, and stellar locus, are also provided. We close with a discussion of remaining systematic errors.
C1 [Tonry, J. L.; Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Hodapp, K. W.; Kaiser, N.; Kudritzki, R. -P.; Magnier, E. A.; Morgan, J. S.; Wainscoat, R. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Stubbs, C. W.; Shivvers, I. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Stubbs, C. W.; Doherty, P.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Lykke, K. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shivvers, I. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Price, P. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Tonry, JL (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012;
OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Shivvers,
Isaac/0000-0003-3373-8047; Chambers, Kenneth /0000-0001-6965-7789
FU National Science Foundation [AST-1009749]; National Aeronautics and
Space Administration [NNX08AR22G]
FX Support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation grant
AST-1009749. The PS1 Surveys have been made possible through
contributions of the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii,
the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its
participating institutes, the Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy,
Heidelberg and the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics,
Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the
University of Edinburgh, Queen'sUniversity Belfast, the
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory
Global Telescope Network, Incorporated, the National Central University
of Taiwan, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under
grant no. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of
the NASA Science Mission Directorate.
NR 41
TC 195
Z9 196
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 10
PY 2012
VL 750
IS 2
AR 99
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/99
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 934LT
UT WOS:000303446500013
ER
PT J
AU France, K
Linsky, JL
Tian, F
Froning, CS
Roberge, A
AF France, Kevin
Linsky, Jeffrey L.
Tian, Feng
Froning, Cynthia S.
Roberge, Aki
TI TIME-RESOLVED ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY OF THE M-DWARF GJ 876
EXOPLANETARY SYSTEM
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE planetary systems; stars: activity; stars: individual (GJ 876); stars:
low-mass; ultraviolet: stars
ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY;
EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; TRANSITION REGION; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY;
EMISSION-LINES; AU-MICROSCOPII; HARPS SEARCH
AB Extrasolar planets orbiting M-stars may represent our best chance to discover habitable worlds in the coming decade. The ultraviolet spectrum incident upon both Earth-like and Jovian planets is critically important for proper modeling of their atmospheric heating and chemistry. In order to provide more realistic inputs for atmospheric models of planets orbiting low-mass stars, we present new near- and far-ultraviolet (NUV and FUV) spectroscopy of the M-dwarf exoplanet host GJ 876 (M4V). Using the COS and STIS spectrographs on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we have measured the 1150-3140 angstrom spectrum of GJ 876. We have reconstructed the stellar H I Ly alpha emission line profile, and find that the integrated Ly alpha flux is roughly equal to the rest of the integrated flux (1150-1210 angstrom + 1220-3140 angstrom) in the entire ultraviolet bandpass (F(Ly alpha)/F(FUV+NUV) approximate to 0.7). This ratio is similar to 2500x greater than the solar value. We describe the ultraviolet line spectrum and report surprisingly strong fluorescent emission from hot H-2 (T(H-2) > 2000 K). We show the light curve of a chromospheric + transition region flare observed in several far-UV emission lines, with flare/quiescent flux ratios >= 10. The strong FUV radiation field of an M-star (and specifically Ly alpha) is important for determining the abundance of O-2-and the formation of biomarkers-in the lower atmospheres of Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of low-mass stars.
C1 [France, Kevin; Froning, Cynthia S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Tian, Feng] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Roberge, Aki] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kevin.france@colorado.edu
RI Roberge, Aki/D-2782-2012; Tian, Feng/C-1344-2015
OI Roberge, Aki/0000-0002-2989-3725; Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9607-560X
FU NASA [NAS 5-26555, NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043]; HST Guest Observing program
[12464]
FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,
obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute.
STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in
Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.; K.F. thanks Sarah
LeVine for graphic support of Project MUSCLES. We acknowledge enjoyable
discussions with John Stocke, Hao Yang, and Brian Wolven. These data
were obtained as part of the HST Guest Observing program No. 12464. This
work was supported by NASA grants NNX08AC146 and NAS5-98043 to the
University of Colorado at Boulder.
NR 49
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 9
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 2041-8205
J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT
JI Astrophys. J. Lett.
PD MAY 10
PY 2012
VL 750
IS 2
AR L32
DI 10.1088/2041-8205/750/2/L32
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 934MP
UT WOS:000303448700006
ER
PT J
AU Huntzinger, DN
Post, WM
Wei, Y
Michalak, AM
West, TO
Jacobson, AR
Baker, IT
Chen, JM
Davis, KJ
Hayes, DJ
Hoffman, FM
Jain, AK
Liu, S
McGuire, AD
Neilson, RP
Potter, C
Poulter, B
Price, D
Raczka, BM
Tian, HQ
Thornton, P
Tomelleri, E
Viovy, N
Xiao, J
Yuan, W
Zeng, N
Zhao, M
Cook, R
AF Huntzinger, D. N.
Post, W. M.
Wei, Y.
Michalak, A. M.
West, T. O.
Jacobson, A. R.
Baker, I. T.
Chen, J. M.
Davis, K. J.
Hayes, D. J.
Hoffman, F. M.
Jain, A. K.
Liu, S.
McGuire, A. D.
Neilson, R. P.
Potter, Chris
Poulter, B.
Price, David
Raczka, B. M.
Tian, H. Q.
Thornton, P.
Tomelleri, E.
Viovy, N.
Xiao, J.
Yuan, W.
Zeng, N.
Zhao, M.
Cook, R.
TI North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis:
Terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Terrestrial biospheric models; Intercomparison; Carbon fluxes; North
American Carbon Program; Regional
ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY NPP; COMPARING
GLOBAL-MODELS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER;
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODELS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CONTINENTAL-SCALE;
ANALYSIS PROJECT
AB Understanding of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere can be improved through direct observations and experiments, as well as through modeling activities. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding to much larger terrestrial regions. Although models vary in their specific goals and approaches, their central role within carbon cycle science is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms currently controlling carbon exchange. Recently, the North American Carbon Program (NACP) organized several interim-synthesis activities to evaluate and inter-compare models and observations at local to continental scales for the years 2000-2005. Here, we compare the results from the TBMs collected as part of the regional and continental interim-synthesis (RCIS) activities. The primary objective of this work is to synthesize and compare the 19 participating TBMs to assess current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle in North America. Thus, the RCIS focuses on model simulations available from analyses that have been completed by ongoing NACP projects and other recently published studies. The TBM flux estimates are compared and evaluated over different spatial (1 degrees X 1 degrees and spatially aggregated to different regions) and temporal (monthly and annually) scales. The range in model estimates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for North America is much narrower than estimates of productivity or respiration, with estimates of NEP varying between 0.7 and 2.2 PgC yr(-1), while gross primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration vary between 12.2 and 32.9 PgCyr(-1) and 5.6 and 13.2 PgC yr(-1), respectively. The range in estimates from the models appears to be driven by a combination of factors, including the representation of photosynthesis, the source and of environmental driver data and the temporal variability of those data, as well as whether nutrient limitation is considered in soil carbon decomposition. The disagreement in current estimates of carbon flux across North America, including whether North America is a net biospheric carbon source or sink, highlights the need for further analysis through the use of model runs following a common simulation protocol, in order to isolate the influences of model formulation, structure, and assumptions on flux estimates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huntzinger, D. N.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Post, W. M.; Wei, Y.; Hayes, D. J.; Hoffman, F. M.; Thornton, P.; Cook, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Michalak, A. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA.
[West, T. O.] Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA.
[Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Jacobson, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Baker, I. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Program Planning, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Davis, K. J.; Raczka, B. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Liu, S.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr EROS, Sioux Falls, SD USA.
[McGuire, A. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Neilson, R. P.] Univ Utah, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Potter, Chris] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Price, David] Nat Resources Canada, No Forestry Ctr, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Tian, H. Q.] Auburn Univ, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Tomelleri, E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Xiao, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Yuan, W.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zhao, M.] Univ Montana, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
RP Huntzinger, DN (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, POB 5964, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
EM deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu
RI Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Zhao,
Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Hayes,
Daniel/B-8968-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Wei, Yaxing/K-1507-2013;
Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Vuichard,
Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012
OI Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600;
Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; West,
Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Wei, Yaxing/0000-0001-6924-0078; Zeng,
Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Hoffman,
Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX06AE84G,
NNH06AE47I]
FX The interim-synthesis activity represents a grass-roots effort by the
carbon cycle community, conducted largely on a volunteer basis. We would
particularly like to thank all of the modeling teams that participated
in the synthesis activities, sharing results from their ongoing work,
and providing feedback during the workshops. We also thank MAST-DC at
Oak Ridge National Laboratory for data management support; MAST-DC
(Project NNH06AE47I) is a Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group Project
funded by NASA's Terrestrial Ecology Program. Funding was also provided
by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant
No. NNX06AE84G "Constraining North American Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide and
Inferring their Spatiotemporal Covariances through Assimilation of
Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Data in a Geostatistical Framework"
issued through the ROSES A.6 North American Carbon Program.
NR 88
TC 92
Z9 93
U1 2
U2 82
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD MAY 10
PY 2012
VL 232
BP 144
EP 157
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.004
PG 14
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 934EA
UT WOS:000303424900013
ER
PT J
AU Espinal, L
Wong-Ng, W
Kaduk, JA
Allen, AJ
Snyder, CR
Chiu, C
Siderius, DW
Li, L
Cockayne, E
Espinal, AE
Suib, SL
AF Espinal, Laura
Wong-Ng, Winnie
Kaduk, James A.
Allen, Andrew J.
Snyder, Chad R.
Chiu, Chun
Siderius, Daniel W.
Li, Lan
Cockayne, Eric
Espinal, Anais E.
Suib, Steven L.
TI Time-Dependent CO2 Sorption Hysteresis in a One-Dimensional Microporous
Octahedral Molecular Sieve
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION;
LOW PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; HYDROGEN; POROSITY; ZEOLITE;
FLUIDS
AB The development of sorbents for next-generation CO2 mitigation technologies will require better understanding of CO2/sorbent interactions. Among the sorbents under consideration are shape-selective microporous molecular sieves with hierarchical pore morphologies of reduced dimensionality. We have characterized the non-equilibrium CO2 sorption of OMS-2, a well-known one-dimensional microporous octahedral molecular sieve with manganese oxide framework. Remarkably, we find that the degree of CO2 sorption hysteresis increases when the gas/sorbent system is allowed to equilibrate for longer times at each pressure step. Density functional theory calculations indicate a "gate-keeping" role of the cation in the tunnel, only allowing CO2 molecules to enter fully into the tunnel via a highly unstable transient state when CO2 loadings exceed 0.75 mmol/g. The energy barrier associated with the gate-keeping effect suggests an adsorption mechanism in which kinetic trapping of CO2 is responsible for the observed hysteretic behavior.
C1 [Espinal, Laura; Wong-Ng, Winnie; Allen, Andrew J.; Snyder, Chad R.; Chiu, Chun; Siderius, Daniel W.; Li, Lan; Cockayne, Eric] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kaduk, James A.] IIT, BCS Chem Div, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
[Espinal, Anais E.; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Espinal, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM laura.espinal@nist.gov
RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809;
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical, Geochemical, and Biological Sciences; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy
[CHE-0535644]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX L.E. thanks Alex Neimark for helpful discussions early in the early
stages of this work. A.E.E. and S.L.S. acknowledge the support of the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical, Geochemical, and Biological Sciences. Dr. M. R. Suchomel at
the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory) is acknowledged
for assistance with the high resolution XRD data acquisition, Dr. J.
Ilavsky (Argonne's X-ray Science Division) for assistance with the USAXS
measurements, and Dr. S. R. Kline (NCNR) for assistance with the SANS
measurements. The use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National
Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no.
DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS, APS sector 15, is principally supported
by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant no.
CHE-0535644. This work also utilized neutron scattering facilities
supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
DMR-0454672.
NR 45
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 59
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 9
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 18
BP 7944
EP 7951
DI 10.1021/ja3014133
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 937XC
UT WOS:000303696200057
PM 22482879
ER
PT J
AU Godin, OA
AF Godin, Oleg A.
TI Incompressible Wave Motion of Compressible Fluids
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We consider linear waves in compressible fluids in a uniform potential field, such as a gravity field, and demonstrate that a particular type of wave motion, in which pressure remains constant in each fluid parcel, is supported by inhomogeneous fluids occupying bounded or unbounded domains. We present elementary, exact solutions of linearized hydrodynamics equations, which describe the new type of waves in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. The solutions provide an extension of surface gravity waves in an incompressible fluid half-space with a free boundary to waves in compressible, three-dimensionally inhomogeneous, rotating fluids.
C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov
RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011
OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149
FU U.S. Navy under STTR [N06-T002]
FX Stimulating discussions with I. M. Fuks, L. A. Ostrovsky, and B.
Cornuelle are gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported
in part by the U.S. Navy under STTR Contract No. N06-T002.
NR 17
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 9
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 19
AR 194501
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.194501
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 939GH
UT WOS:000303796700008
PM 23003046
ER
PT J
AU Holmstrom, ED
Fiore, JL
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Holmstrom, Erik D.
Fiore, Julie L.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Thermodynamic Origins of Monovalent Facilitated RNA Folding
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE FRET; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA RIBOZYME;
TETRALOOP-RECEPTOR COMPLEX; HEAT-CAPACITY CHANGES; TERTIARY STRUCTURE;
GAAA TETRALOOP; TRANSITION-STATE; COUNTERION CONDENSATION;
RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BASE STACKING
AB Cations have long been associated with formation of native RNA structure and are commonly thought to stabilize the formation of tertiary contacts by favorably interacting with the electrostatic potential of the RNA, giving rise to an "ion atmosphere". A significant amount of information regarding the thermodynamics of structural transitions in the presence of an ion atmosphere has accumulated and suggests stabilization is dominated by entropic terms, This work provides an analysis of how RNA-cation interactions affect the entropy and enthalpy associated with an RNA tertiary transition. Specifically, temperature-dependent single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies have been exploited to determine the free energy (Delta G degrees), enthalpy (Delta H degrees), and entropy (Delta S degrees) of folding for an isolated tetraloop-receptor tertiary interaction as a function of Na+ concentration. Somewhat unexpectedly, increasing the Na+ concentration changes the folding enthalpy from a strongly exothermic process [e.g., Delta H degrees = 26(2) kcal/mol at 180 mM] to a weakly exothermic process [e.g., Delta H degrees = 4(1) kcal/mol at 630 mM]. As a direct corollary, it is the strong increase in folding entropy [A(AS) > 0] that compensates for this loss of exothermicity for the achievement of more favorable folding [Delta(Delta S degrees) < 0] at higher Na+ concentrations. In conjunction with corresponding measurements of the thermodynamics of the transition state barrier, these data provide a detailed description of the folding pathway associated with the GAAA tetraloop-receptor interaction as a function of Na+ concentration. The results support a potentially universal mechanism for monovalent facilitated RNA folding, whereby an increasing monovalent concentration stabilizes tertiary structure by reducing the entropic penalty for folding.
C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and
Technology; W.M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the
University of Colorado, Boulder; National Institutes of Health [T32
GM-065103]
FX Funds for this work have been provided by the National Science
Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the
W.M. Keck Foundation initiative in RNA sciences at the University of
Colorado, Boulder, with predoctoral fellowship support (E.D.H.) from the
National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Program (T32
GM-065103).
NR 67
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 18
BP 3732
EP 3743
DI 10.1021/bi201420a
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 936ZG
UT WOS:000303628200005
PM 22448852
ER
PT J
AU Lin, YL
Donner, LJ
Petch, J
Bechtold, P
Boyle, J
Klein, SA
Komori, T
Wapler, K
Willett, M
Xie, X
Zhao, M
Xie, S
McFarlane, SA
Schumacher, C
AF Lin, Yanluan
Donner, L. J.
Petch, J.
Bechtold, P.
Boyle, J.
Klein, S. A.
Komori, T.
Wapler, K.
Willett, M.
Xie, X.
Zhao, M.
Xie, S.
McFarlane, S. A.
Schumacher, C.
TI TWP-ICE global atmospheric model intercomparison: Convection
responsiveness and resolution impact
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LARGE-SCALE
MODELS; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; GREAT-PLAINS SITE;
DIURNAL CYCLE; PART I; CUMULUS CONVECTION; MOIST CONVECTION
AB Results are presented from an intercomparison of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations of tropical convection during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). The distinct cloud properties, precipitation, radiation, and vertical diabatic heating profiles associated with three different monsoon regimes (wet, dry, and break) from available observations are used to evaluate 9 AGCM forecasts initialized daily from realistic global analyses. All models captured well the evolution of large-scale circulation and thermodynamic fields, but cloud properties differed substantially among models. Compared with the relatively well simulated top-heavy heating structures during the wet and break period, most models had difficulty in depicting the bottom-heavy heating profiles associated with cumulus congestus during the dry period. The best performing models during this period were the ones whose convection scheme was most responsive to the free tropospheric humidity. Compared with the large impact of cloud and convective parameterizations on model cloud and precipitation characteristics, resolution has relatively minor impact on simulated cloud properties. However, one feature that was influenced by resolution in several models was the diurnal cycle of precipitation. Peaking at a different time from convective precipitation, large-scale precipitation generally increases in high resolution forecasts and modulates the total precipitation diurnal cycle. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for convection parameterizations that are more responsive to environmental conditions as well as the substantial diversity among large-scale cloud and precipitation schemes in current AGCMs. This experiment has demonstrated itself to be a very useful test bed for those developing cloud and convection schemes for AGCMs.
C1 [Lin, Yanluan; Donner, L. J.; Zhao, M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Lin, Yanluan; Zhao, M.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Petch, J.; Willett, M.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Bechtold, P.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Boyle, J.; Klein, S. A.; Xie, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Komori, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan.
[Wapler, K.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany.
[Xie, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[McFarlane, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Schumacher, C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Lin, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM yanluan.lin@noaa.gov
RI Schumacher, Courtney/B-8968-2011; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Zhao,
Ming/C-6928-2014; lin, yanluan/A-6333-2015; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016;
OI Schumacher, Courtney/0000-0003-3612-485X; Xie,
Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X;
Jones, Todd/0000-0002-7669-1499
FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy; DOE Office of
Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental
Science Division; Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy;
U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX The authors thank the three anonymous referees for their constructive
comments that helped to clarify and improve the paper. This research is
supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy
(Lin). TWP-ICE data were obtained from the ARM Program archive,
sponsored by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Environmental Science Division. The ECMWF
analyses were provided to the ACRF data archive under a site license
agreement. Support for J. Boyle, S. A. Klein and S. Xie was provided by
the Atmospheric System Research and Regional and Global Climate Modeling
Programs of the Office of Science at the U. S. Department of Energy.
Their contribution to this work was performed under the auspices of the
U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 73
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D09111
DI 10.1029/2011JD017018
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 941ZJ
UT WOS:000304008300002
ER
PT J
AU Rengifo, HR
Grigoras, C
Dach, BI
Li, X
Turro, NJ
Lee, HJ
Wu, WL
Koberstein, JT
AF Rengifo, Hernan R.
Grigoras, Cristian
Dach, Benjamin I.
Li, Xia
Turro, Nicholas J.
Lee, Hae-Jeong
Wu, Wen-Li
Koberstein, Jeffrey T.
TI Solid Phase Synthesis of Polymacromer and Copolymacromer Brushes
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CLICK CHEMISTRY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; RADICAL
POLYMERIZATION; SURFACE FUNCTIONALITY; POLYSTYRENE LAYERS; PEPTIDE;
POLYMERS; IMMOBILIZATION; PERSPECTIVES
AB We report a novel solid phase method for the sequential coupling of heterobifunctional macromonomers to form a new class of polymeric materials that we refer to as polymacromers. Starting from an azide functional substrate, alpha-azido, omega-protected-alkyne macromonomers are added sequentially by thermally initiated click reactions to form polymacromer brushes wherein macromonomers are linked via triazole groups. After each addition step, the terminal alkyne group can be deprotected to allow addition of the next macromonomer. The use of highly chemoselective click chemistry for the coupling reactions allows virtually any macromonomer to be employed, regardless of its chemical nature. The method is illustrated by formation of two different homopolymacromer brushes: one made by sequentially coupling four polystyrene macromonomers and another by sequentially coupling eight poly(tert-butyl acrylate) macromonomers. Two different types of copolymacromer brushes are also prepared: one by alternating sequential coupling of polystyrene macromonomers with poly(methyl methacrylate) macromonomers and another by alternating sequential coupling of polystyrene macromonomers with poly(tert-butyl acrylate) macromonomers. The polymacromer brushes are characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectivity measurements. In all cases the coupling reactions are found to be highly efficient. Analysis of thickness data for the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) homopolymacromer brushes indicates that a conversion within the range of 97.5-100% is achieved for each cycle. This solid phase synthesis method is extremely versatile because it can be used to prepare complex sequenced block copolymers from almost any polymers and because the brushes formed can be made to span the entire region of brush behavior between the "grafting from" and grafting to" limits by varying the macromonomer molecular weight.
C1 [Rengifo, Hernan R.; Grigoras, Cristian; Dach, Benjamin I.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wu, Wen-Li; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Dach, Benjamin I.; Li, Xia; Turro, Nicholas J.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Rengifo, Hernan R.; Grigoras, Cristian; Dach, Benjamin I.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Wu, Wen-Li; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Koberstein, JT (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 500 W 120th St,MC4721, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM jk1191@columbia.edu
FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office
[W911NF-04-1-0282, W911NF-10-1-0184, W911NF-11-1-0372]; National Science
Foundation [DMR-0704054]; Columbia University Center of Excellence in
Genomic Science under NIH [P50 HG002806]
FX This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S.
Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under
contract/grant numbers W911NF-04-1-0282, W911NF-10-1-0184, and
W911NF-11-1-0372 and by grant DMR-0704054 from the National Science
Foundation. H.R.R. acknowledges fellowship support from the Columbia
University Center of Excellence in Genomic Science under NIH award P50
HG002806.
NR 53
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 45
IS 9
BP 3866
EP 3873
DI 10.1021/ma3004168
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 936ZJ
UT WOS:000303628500024
ER
PT J
AU Clark, PU
Shakun, JD
Baker, PA
Bartlein, PJ
Brewer, S
Brook, E
Carlson, AE
Cheng, H
Kaufman, DS
Liu, ZY
Marchitto, TM
Mix, AC
Morrill, C
Otto-Bliesner, BL
Pahnke, K
Russell, JM
Whitlock, C
Adkins, JF
Blois, JL
Clark, J
Colman, SM
Curry, WB
Flower, BP
He, F
Johnson, TC
Lynch-Stieglitz, J
Markgraf, V
McManus, J
Mitrovica, JX
Moreno, PI
Williams, JW
AF Clark, Peter U.
Shakun, Jeremy D.
Baker, Paul A.
Bartlein, Patrick J.
Brewer, Simon
Brook, Ed
Carlson, Anders E.
Cheng, Hai
Kaufman, Darrell S.
Liu, Zhengyu
Marchitto, Thomas M.
Mix, Alan C.
Morrill, Carrie
Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.
Pahnke, Katharina
Russell, James M.
Whitlock, Cathy
Adkins, Jess F.
Blois, Jessica L.
Clark, Jorie
Colman, Steven M.
Curry, William B.
Flower, Ben P.
He, Feng
Johnson, Thomas C.
Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean
Markgraf, Vera
McManus, Jerry
Mitrovica, Jerry X.
Moreno, Patricio I.
Williams, John W.
TI Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PAST 25,000 YEARS;
GLACIAL MAXIMUM; YOUNGER DRYAS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LATE-QUATERNARY;
THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ICE-AGE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN
AB Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth's climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Our synthesis indicates that the super-position of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
C1 [Clark, Peter U.; Brook, Ed; Mix, Alan C.; Clark, Jorie] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Shakun, Jeremy D.; Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Baker, Paul A.] Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Bartlein, Patrick J.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Brewer, Simon] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Carlson, Anders E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Carlson, Anders E.; Liu, Zhengyu; Blois, Jessica L.; He, Feng] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Cheng, Hai] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Global Environm Change, Xian 710049, Peoples R China.
[Cheng, Hai] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Kaufman, Darrell S.; Markgraf, Vera] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Marchitto, Thomas M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Pahnke, Katharina] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Russell, James M.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Whitlock, Cathy] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Adkins, Jess F.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Blois, Jessica L.; Williams, John W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Colman, Steven M.; Johnson, Thomas C.] Univ Minnesota, Large Lakes Observ, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
[Colman, Steven M.; Johnson, Thomas C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol Sci, Duluth, MN 55812 USA.
[Curry, William B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Flower, Ben P.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[McManus, Jerry] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Moreno, Patricio I.] Univ Chile, Inst Ecol & Biodivers, Santiago 1058, Chile.
[Moreno, Patricio I.] Univ Chile, Dept Ecol Sci, Santiago 1058, Chile.
RP Clark, PU (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM clarkp@onid.orst.edu; shakun@fas.harvard.edu
RI Moreno, Patricio/D-2317-2012; Bartlein, Patrick/E-4643-2011; Kaufman,
Darrell/A-2471-2008; Blois, Jessica/G-5893-2011; He, Feng/B-3583-2008;
OI Moreno, Patricio/0000-0002-1333-6238; Bartlein,
Patrick/0000-0001-7657-5685; Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414;
Blois, Jessica/0000-0003-4048-177X; He, Feng/0000-0002-3355-6406;
Brewer, Simon/0000-0002-6810-1911; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469;
Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean/0000-0002-9353-1972; Pahnke,
Katharina/0000-0001-9114-8411
FU National Science Foundation; Past Global Changes program
FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Paleoclimatology program for data archiving, and the many scientists who
generously contributed datasets used in our analyses. We also thank the
National Science Foundation Paleoclimate Program and the Past Global
Changes program for supporting the workshops that led to this synthesis.
NR 170
TC 89
Z9 91
U1 12
U2 265
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 109
IS 19
BP E1134
EP E1142
DI 10.1073/pnas.1116619109
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 942ZQ
UT WOS:000304090600003
PM 22331892
ER
PT J
AU Demer, DA
Zwolinski, JP
AF Demer, David A.
Zwolinski, Juan P.
TI Reply to MacCall et al.: Acoustic-trawl survey results provide unique
insight to sardine stock decline
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Letter
ID MANAGEMENT; REGIME
C1 [Demer, David A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Zwolinski, Juan P.] Ocean Associates, Arlington, VA 22207 USA.
RP Demer, DA (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM David.demer@noaa.gov
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 109
IS 19
BP E1132
EP E1133
DI 10.1073/pnas.1203758109
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 942ZQ
UT WOS:000304090600002
ER
PT J
AU MacCall, AD
Hill, KT
Crone, P
Emmett, R
AF MacCall, Alec D.
Hill, Kevin T.
Crone, Paul
Emmett, Robert
TI Weak evidence for sardine collapse
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [MacCall, Alec D.; Hill, Kevin T.; Crone, Paul] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Emmett, Robert] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
RP MacCall, AD (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM Alec.MacCall@noaa.gov
NR 4
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 10
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 109
IS 19
BP E1131
EP E1131
DI 10.1073/pnas.1203526109
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 942ZQ
UT WOS:000304090600001
PM 22511724
ER
PT J
AU Kim, KW
Seo, SM
Ryu, J
Lee, KJ
Lee, HW
AF Kim, Kyoung-Whan
Seo, Soo-Man
Ryu, Jisu
Lee, Kyung-Jin
Lee, Hyun-Woo
TI Magnetization dynamics induced by in-plane currents in ultrathin
magnetic nanostructures with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; TRANSFER TORQUE; DRIVEN; FERROMAGNETS; WAVES; LAYER
AB Recent experiments on ultrathin magnetic layers with broken inversion symmetry reported anomalous current-driven magnetization dynamics. We show that the spin-transfer torque can be significantly modified by Rashba spin-orbit coupling and the modified spin-transfer torque can explain the anomalous magnetization dynamics. This work will be valuable for the development of next generation spintronic devices based on ultrathin magnetic systems.
C1 [Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Theoret Phys PCTP, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
[Kim, Kyoung-Whan; Ryu, Jisu; Lee, Hyun-Woo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
[Seo, Soo-Man; Lee, Kyung-Jin] Korea Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
[Lee, Kyung-Jin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Kyung-Jin] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kim, KW (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Theoret Phys PCTP, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
EM kj_lee@korea.ac.kr; hwl@postech.ac.kr
RI Lee, Kyung-Jin/B-4431-2010; Lee, Hyun-Woo/B-8995-2008; Kim,
Kyoung-Whan/E-5582-2015
OI Lee, Kyung-Jin/0000-0001-6269-2266; Lee, Hyun-Woo/0000-0002-1648-8093;
Kim, Kyoung-Whan/0000-0002-1382-7088
FU NRF [2010-0014109, 2010-0023798, 2011-0030784, 2011-0028163,
2011-0009278]; BK21; University of Maryland; National Institute of
Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology
through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]
FX We gratefully acknowledge M. D. Stiles, R. McMichael, and W. Rippard for
valuable comments. This work was financially supported by the NRF
(2010-0014109, 2010-0023798, 2011-0030784, 2011-0028163) and BK21. K. W.
K. acknowledges financial support by the NRF (2011-0009278). K. J. L.
acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between
the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No.
70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland.
NR 45
TC 124
Z9 124
U1 9
U2 45
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 8
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 18
AR 180404
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.180404
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 938TI
UT WOS:000303755500003
ER
PT J
AU Siderius, DW
Krekelberg, WP
Roberts, CJ
Shen, VK
AF Siderius, Daniel W.
Krekelberg, William P.
Roberts, Christopher J.
Shen, Vincent K.
TI Osmotic virial coefficients for model protein and colloidal solutions:
Importance of ensemble constraints in the analysis of light scattering
data
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEDIMENTATION EQUILIBRIUM EXPERIMENTS; SELF-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; HARD-SPHERE MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC NONIDEALITY;
CONCENTRATED-SOLUTIONS; PARTICLE MODEL; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; PHASE-BEHAVIOR;
CRYSTALLIZATION
AB Protein-protein interactions in solution may be quantified by the osmotic second virial coefficient (OSVC), which can be measured by various experimental techniques including light scattering. Analysis of Rayleigh light scattering measurements from such experiments requires identification of a scattering volume and the thermodynamic constraints imposed on that volume, i.e., the statistical mechanical ensemble in which light scattering occurs. Depending on the set of constraints imposed on the scattering volume, one can obtain either an apparent OSVC, A(2,app), or the true thermodynamic OSVC, B-22(osm), that is rigorously defined in solution theory [M. A. Blanco, E. Sahin, Y. Li, and C. J. Roberts, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 225103 (2011)]. However, it is unclear to what extent A(2,app) and B-22(osm) differ, which may have implications on the physical interpretation of OSVC measurements from light scattering experiments. In this paper, we use the multicomponent hard-sphere model and a well-known equation of state to directly compare A(2,app) and B-22(osm). Our results from the hard-sphere equation of state indicate that A(2,app) underestimates B-22(osm), but in a systematic manner that may be explained using fundamental thermodynamic expressions for the two OSVCs. The difference between A(2,app) and B-22(osm) may be quantitatively significant, but may also be obscured in experimental application by statistical uncertainty or non-steric interactions. Consequently, the two OSVCs that arise in the analysis of light scattering measurements do formally differ, but in a manner that may not be detectable in actual application. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4709613]
C1 [Siderius, Daniel W.; Krekelberg, William P.; Shen, Vincent K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Mol & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Roberts, Christopher J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Siderius, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.siderius@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [CBET0931173]; National Research Council
FX This work was supported in part (CJR) by the National Science Foundation
(CBET0931173). The National Institute of Standards and Technology is
graciously acknowledged for hosting CJR during his sabbatical leave.
D.W.S. and W.P.K. acknowledge the financial support from National
Research Council postdoctoral research associateships at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 74
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 30
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 7
PY 2012
VL 136
IS 17
AR 175102
DI 10.1063/1.4709613
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 941BB
UT WOS:000303935700065
PM 22583267
ER
PT J
AU Dai, XC
Richter, M
Li, HB
Bristow, AD
Falvo, C
Mukamel, S
Cundiff, ST
AF Dai, Xingcan
Richter, Marten
Li, Hebin
Bristow, Alan D.
Falvo, Cyril
Mukamel, Shaul
Cundiff, Steven T.
TI Two-Dimensional Double-Quantum Spectra Reveal Collective Resonances in
an Atomic Vapor
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT
AB We report the observation of double-quantum coherence signals in a gas of potassium atoms at twice the frequency of the one-quantum coherences. Since a single atom does not have a state at the corresponding energy, this observation must be attributed to a collective resonance involving multiple atoms. These resonances are induced by weak interatomic dipole-dipole interactions, which means that the atoms cannot be treated in isolation, even at a low density of 10(12) cm(-3).
C1 [Dai, Xingcan; Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dai, Xingcan; Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Richter, Marten; Falvo, Cyril; Mukamel, Shaul] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Dai, XC (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Richter,
Marten/B-7790-2008; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Richter,
Marten/0000-0003-4160-1008;
FU NIST; NSF Physics Frontier Center; NSF Chemistry Division; DARPA;
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
FX We thank T. Asnicar and H. Green for technical assistance. The work at
JILA was supported by NIST and the NSF Physics Frontier Center program.
The work at UC-Irvine was supported by the NSF Chemistry Division and
DARPA. M. R. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation through the Feodor Lynen Program.
NR 29
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 5
U2 29
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 7
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 19
AR 193201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.193201
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 937ML
UT WOS:000303662500004
PM 23003037
ER
PT J
AU Foster, JH
Brooks, BA
Wang, DL
Carter, GS
Merrifield, MA
AF Foster, James H.
Brooks, Benjamin A.
Wang, Dailin
Carter, Glenn S.
Merrifield, Mark A.
TI Improving tsunami warning using commercial ships
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GPS; TIME; EARTHQUAKE; SYSTEMS
AB Accurate and rapid detection and assessment of tsunamis is critical for effective mitigation. We show here that a modest similar to 10 cm tsunami from the M8.8 27 Feb 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake was detected by kinematic Global Positions System (GPS) solutions from a ship underway in the open ocean - the first time shipboard tsunami detection has been achieved. Our results illustrate how the commercial shipping fleet represents a vast infrastructure of potential open ocean GPS platforms on shipping lanes that provide extremely good spatial coverage around most tsunamigenic source regions. Given the affordability of geodetic GPS systems, and ever-improving satellite communications, it would be possible to equip a significant portion of the shipping fleet with real-time-streamed GPS systems and create a cost-effective tsunami monitoring network with denser and more distributed coverage. We project that such a system would have detected the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in less than an hour. Citation: Foster, J. H., B. A. Brooks, D. Wang, G. S. Carter, and M. A. Merrifield (2012), Improving tsunami warning using commercial ships, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09603, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051367.
C1 [Foster, James H.; Brooks, Benjamin A.; Carter, Glenn S.; Merrifield, Mark A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Wang, Dailin] NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, NWS, Ewa Beach, HI USA.
RP Foster, JH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM jfoster@soest.hawaii.edu
RI Foster, James/G-7942-2012
OI Foster, James/0000-0003-2052-5798
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 5
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L09603
DI 10.1029/2012GL051367
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 937RY
UT WOS:000303677300003
ER
PT J
AU Yong, B
Hong, Y
Ren, LL
Gourley, JJ
Huffman, GJ
Chen, X
Wang, W
Khan, SI
AF Yong, Bin
Hong, Yang
Ren, Li-Liang
Gourley, Jonathan J.
Huffman, George J.
Chen, Xi
Wang, Wen
Khan, Sadiq I.
TI Assessment of evolving TRMM-based multisatellite real-time precipitation
estimation methods and their impacts on hydrologic prediction in a high
latitude basin
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE;
TROPICAL RAINFALL; LAND-SURFACE; ANALYSIS TMPA; SATELLITE; PRODUCTS;
RESOLUTION; SYSTEM
AB The real-time availability of satellite-derived precipitation estimates provides hydrologists an opportunity to improve current hydrologic prediction capability for medium to large river basins. Due to the availability of new satellite data and upgrades to the precipitation algorithms, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis real-time estimates (TMPA-RT) have been undergoing several important revisions over the past ten years. In this study, the changes of the relative accuracy and hydrologic potential of TMPA-RT estimates over its three major evolving periods were evaluated and inter-compared at daily, monthly and seasonal scales in the high-latitude Laohahe basin in China. Assessment results show that the performance of TMPA-RT in terms of precipitation estimation and streamflow simulation was significantly improved after 3 February 2005. Overestimation during winter months was noteworthy and consistent, which is suggested to be a consequence from interference of snow cover to the passive microwave retrievals. Rainfall estimated by the new version 6 of TMPA-RT starting from 1 October 2008 to present has higher correlations with independent gauge observations and tends to perform better in detecting rain compared to the prior periods, although it suffers larger mean error and relative bias. After a simple bias correction, this latest data set of TMPA-RT exhibited the best capability in capturing hydrologic response among the three tested periods. In summary, this study demonstrated that there is an increasing potential in the use of TMPA-RT in hydrologic streamflow simulations over its three algorithm upgrade periods, but still with significant challenges during the winter snowing events.
C1 [Yong, Bin; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq I.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Yong, Bin; Ren, Li-Liang; Chen, Xi; Wang, Wen] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Huffman, George J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Huffman, George J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM yanghong@ou.edu
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014; Huffman,
George/F-4494-2014; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement,
Global/C-4698-2015
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091; Huffman,
George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755;
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51190090]; 111 Project
[B08048]; National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China
[40901017]; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering
[sklhse-2011-A-01]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources
and Hydraulic Engineering [2009585412, 2009586512]
FX This work was financially supported by the Major Program of National
Natural Science Foundation of China (51190090) and the 111 Project
(B08048). Also this work is partially sponsored by the National Science
Foundation for Young Scientists of China (40901017), the Open Fund of
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering (sklhse-2011-A-01),
and the Innovative Research Team and Independent Innovation Project of
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic
Engineering (2009585412, 2009586512). The first author acknowledges the
computational facility provided by Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing
Laboratory and Atmospheric Radar Research Center at University of
Oklahoma Research Campus. Additionally, the authors would like to thank
three anonymous reviewers who helped to improve the earlier version of
this paper. Last but not least, we wish to extend our appreciation to
the helpful suggestions of Fengge Su and Jiahu Wang for the use of
VIC-3L model. The TMPA data used in this study were provided by the
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's laboratory for Atmospheres and PPS,
which develop and compute the TMPA as a contribution to TRMM.
NR 55
TC 53
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 39
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 5
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D09108
DI 10.1029/2011JD017069
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 937SL
UT WOS:000303678800002
ER
PT J
AU Portmann, RW
Daniel, JS
Ravishankara, AR
AF Portmann, R. W.
Daniel, J. S.
Ravishankara, A. R.
TI Stratospheric ozone depletion due to nitrous oxide: influences of other
gases
SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE nitrous oxide; stratospheric ozone; carbon dioxide; methane; halocarbon;
ozone depletion potential
ID FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS; RECOVERY; PERTURBATIONS; 21ST-CENTURY;
DESTRUCTION; CHLORINE; METHANE; CLIMATE; IMPACT; SINK
AB The effects of anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and the halocarbons on stratospheric ozone (O-3) over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries are isolated using a chemical model of the stratosphere. The future evolution of ozone will depend on each of these gases, with N2O and CO2 probably playing the dominant roles as halocarbons return towards pre-industrial levels. There are nonlinear interactions between these gases that preclude unambiguously separating their effect on ozone. For example, the CH4 increase during the twentieth century reduced the ozone losses owing to halocarbon increases, and the N2O chemical destruction of O-3 is buffered by CO2 thermal effects in the middle stratosphere (by approx. 20% for the IPCC A1B/WMO A1 scenario over the time period 1900-2100). Nonetheless, N2O is expected to continue to be the largest anthropogenic emission of an O-3-destroying compound in the foreseeable future. Reductions in anthropogenic N2O emissions provide a larger opportunity for reduction in future O-3 depletion than any of the remaining uncontrolled halocarbon emissions. It is also shown that 1980 levels of O-3 were affected by halocarbons, N2O, CO2 and CH4, and thus may not be a good choice of a benchmark of O-3 recovery.
C1 [Portmann, R. W.; Daniel, J. S.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Portmann, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM robert.w.portmann@noaa.gov
RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Ravishankara,
Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087;
NR 28
TC 52
Z9 55
U1 3
U2 92
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8436
J9 PHILOS T R SOC B
JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD MAY 5
PY 2012
VL 367
IS 1593
BP 1256
EP 1264
DI 10.1098/rstb.2011.0377
PG 9
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 916TF
UT WOS:000302125400011
PM 22451111
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, JS
Huang, BH
Marx, L
Kinter, JL
Balmaseda, MA
Zhang, RH
Hu, ZZ
AF Zhu, Jieshun
Huang, Bohua
Marx, Lawrence
Kinter, James L., III
Balmaseda, Magdalena A.
Zhang, Rong-Hua
Hu, Zeng-Zhen
TI Ensemble ENSO hindcasts initialized from multiple ocean analyses
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; EL-NINO; SEASONAL CLIMATE; COUPLED MODEL; PART
II; PREDICTION; NCEP; PREDICTABILITY; ASSIMILATION; SIMULATION
AB In this study, the impact of ocean initial conditions (OIC) on the prediction skill in the tropical Pacific Ocean is examined. Four sets of OIC are used to initialize the 12-month hindcasts of the tropical climate from 1979 to 2007, using the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), the current operational climate prediction model at the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP). These OICs are chosen from four ocean analyses produced by the NCEP and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). For each hindcast starting from a given OIC, four ensemble members are generated with different atmosphere and land initial states. The predictive skill in the tropical Pacific Ocean is assessed based on the ensemble mean hindcasts from each individual as well as multiple oceanic analyses. To reduce the climate drift from various oceanic analyses, an anomaly initialization strategy is used for all hindcasts. The results indicate that there exists a substantial spread in the sea surface temperature (SST) prediction skill with different ocean analyses. Specifically, the ENSO prediction skill in terms of the anomaly correlation of Nino-3.4 index can differ by as much as 0.1-0.2 at lead times longer than 2 months. The ensemble mean of the predictions initialized from all four ocean analyses gives prediction skill equivalent to the best one derived from the individual ocean analysis. It is suggested that more accurate OIC can improve the ENSO prediction skill and an ensemble ocean initialization has the potential of enhancing the skill at the present stage. Citation: Zhu, J., B. Huang, L. Marx, J. L. Kinter III, M. A. Balmaseda, R.-H. Zhang, and Z.-Z. Hu (2012), Ensemble ENSO hindcasts initialized from multiple ocean analyses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09602, doi: 10.1029/2012GL051503.
C1 [Zhu, Jieshun; Huang, Bohua; Marx, Lawrence; Kinter, James L., III] Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
[Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Balmaseda, Magdalena A.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Zhang, Rong-Hua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), Inst Global Environm & Soc, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Ste 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
EM jieshun@cola.iges.org
RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015;
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559;
Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808
FU NSF [ATM-0830068, AGS-1061998]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058, NA08OAR4310885];
NASA [NNX09AN50G]
FX Funding for this study is provided by grants from NSF (ATM-0830068),
NOAA (NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). Zhang is supported by an
NSF grant (AGS-1061998) and an NOAA grant (NA08OAR4310885). The authors
would like to thank J. Shukla for his guidance and support of this
project. We are grateful to D. Straus and T. Tozuka for their
suggestions and comments. We thank ECMWF and NCEP for providing their
ocean data assimilation analysis datasets, which made this project
possible. The authors gratefully acknowledge NCEP for the CFS v2 model
made available to COLA. We also acknowledge NCEP's assistance in porting
the code to the computing platforms at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing
(NAS) division. We particularly wish to thank Y. Hou, S. Moorthi and S.
Saha for technical assistance and necessary data sets and W. Lapenta and
L. Uccellini for enabling the collaborative activities. Computing
resources provided by NAS are also gratefully acknowledged.
NR 33
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L09602
DI 10.1029/2012GL051503
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 937RV
UT WOS:000303676900003
ER
PT J
AU Nakatsuji, S
Kuga, K
Kimura, K
Satake, R
Katayama, N
Nishibori, E
Sawa, H
Ishii, R
Hagiwara, M
Bridges, F
Ito, TU
Higemoto, W
Karaki, Y
Halim, M
Nugroho, AA
Rodriguez-Rivera, JA
Green, MA
Broholm, C
AF Nakatsuji, S.
Kuga, K.
Kimura, K.
Satake, R.
Katayama, N.
Nishibori, E.
Sawa, H.
Ishii, R.
Hagiwara, M.
Bridges, F.
Ito, T. U.
Higemoto, W.
Karaki, Y.
Halim, M.
Nugroho, A. A.
Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.
Green, M. A.
Broholm, C.
TI Spin-Orbital Short-Range Order on a Honeycomb-Based Lattice
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRUSTRATED MAGNETS; QUANTUM; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FLUCTUATIONS;
LIQUIDS; STATES
AB Frustrated magnetic materials, in which local conditions for energy minimization are incompatible because of the lattice structure, can remain disordered to the lowest temperatures. Such is the case for Ba3CuSb2O9, which is magnetically anisotropic at the atomic scale but curiously isotropic on mesoscopic length and time scales. We find that the frustration of Wannier's Ising model on the triangular lattice is imprinted in a nanostructured honeycomb lattice of Cu2+ ions that resists a coherent static Jahn-Teller distortion. The resulting two-dimensional random-bond spin-1/2 system on the honeycomb lattice has a broad spectrum of spin-dimer-like excitations and low-energy spin degrees of freedom that retain overall hexagonal symmetry.
C1 [Nakatsuji, S.; Kuga, K.; Kimura, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
[Satake, R.; Katayama, N.; Nishibori, E.; Sawa, H.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
[Ishii, R.; Hagiwara, M.] Osaka Univ, KYOKUGEN, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan.
[Bridges, F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Ito, T. U.; Higemoto, W.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Karaki, Y.] Univ Ryukyus, Fac Educ, Nishihara, Okinawa 9030213, Japan.
[Halim, M.; Nugroho, A. A.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Fac Math & Nat Sci, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
[Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Green, M. A.; Broholm, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, IQM, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Nakatsuji, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
EM satoru@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp
RI Nugroho, Agustinus Agung/E-5977-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011;
Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Kimura, Kenta/F-4267-2017;
OI Nugroho, Agustinus Agung/0000-0002-1785-4008; Broholm,
Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314;
Ito, Takashi/0000-0003-1971-4313
FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20340089, 21684019,
23244074]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and
Technology (MEXT) [19051010, 19051015, 19052003]; MEXT; Toray Science
and Technology grant; U.S.-Japan, ISSP; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and
Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NSF [DMR-0944772]; DOE
FX We thank Y. Uesu, J. Kaneshiro, and H. Yokota for scanning SHG
microscope measurements; Y. Kiuchi for ICP analysis; T. Nakano and Y.
Nozue for X-band ESR measurements; and V. Thampy for assistance in
neutron-scattering data analysis. We are also grateful for fruitful
discussions with N. Drichko, Z. Hao, D. Hamane, S. Ishihara, M. Isobe,
T. M. McQueen, T. Mizokawa, Y. Nakanishi, N. Nagaosa, S. Onoda, K.
Takada, O. Tchernyshyov, Y. Wakabayashi, and J. Yamaura. This work is
partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (nos. 20340089, 21684019,
and 23244074) and from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science,
and Technology (MEXT) on Priority Areas (nos. 19051010, 19051015, and
19052003), by Global Centers of Excellence (COE) programs "the Physical
Sciences Frontier" and "Core Research and Engineering Science of
Advanced Materials" MEXT, by a Toray Science and Technology grant, and
by the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program, ISSP. Work at IQM was supported
by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under award
DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work used facilities supported in part by the
NSF (no. DMR-0944772). Part of this work was conducted while C.B. was a
JSPS fellow at ISSP. The x-ray diffraction experiments were carried out
at SPring-8 (Super Photon ring-8 GeV). The EXAFS experiments were
carried out at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, supported by
DOE. Muon spin relaxation experiments were performed at TRIUMF (Canada's
national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics).
NR 29
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U2 87
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 4
PY 2012
VL 336
IS 6081
BP 559
EP 563
DI 10.1126/science.1212154
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 935DJ
UT WOS:000303498800038
PM 22556246
ER
PT J
AU Aluri, GS
Motayed, A
Davydov, AV
Oleshko, VP
Bertness, KA
Sanford, NA
Mulpuri, RV
AF Aluri, Geetha S.
Motayed, Abhishek
Davydov, Albert V.
Oleshko, Vladimir P.
Bertness, Kris A.
Sanford, Norman A.
Mulpuri, Rao V.
TI Methanol, ethanol and hydrogen sensing using metal oxide and metal
(TiO2-Pt) composite nanoclusters on GaN nanowires: a new route towards
tailoring the selectivity of nanowire/nanocluster chemical sensors
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; FAST-RESPONSE;
THIN-FILMS; DOPED TIO2; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE
AB We demonstrate a new method for tailoring the selectivity of chemical sensors using semiconductor nanowires (NWs) decorated with metal and metal oxide multicomponent nanoclusters (NCs). Here we present the change of selectivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocluster-coated gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire sensor devices on the addition of platinum (Pt) nanoclusters. The hybrid sensor devices were developed by fabricating two-terminal devices using individual GaN NWs followed by the deposition of TiO2 and/or Pt nanoclusters (NCs) using the sputtering technique. This paper present the sensing characteristics of GaN/(TiO2-Pt) nanowire-nanocluster (NWNC) hybrids and GaN/(Pt) NWNC hybrids, and compare their selectivity with that of the previously reported GaN/TiO2 sensors. The GaN/TiO2 NWNC hybrids showed remarkable selectivity to benzene and related aromatic compounds, with no measurable response for other analytes. Addition of Pt NCs to GaN/TiO2 sensors dramatically altered their sensing behavior, making them sensitive only to methanol, ethanol and hydrogen, but not to any other chemicals we tested. The GaN/(TiO2-Pt) hybrids were able to detect ethanol and methanol concentrations as low as 100 nmol mol(-1) (ppb) in air in approximately 100 s, and hydrogen concentrations from 1 mu mol mol(-1) (ppm) to 1% in nitrogen in less than 60 s. However, GaN/Pt NWNC hybrids showed limited sensitivity only towards hydrogen and not towards any alcohols. All these hybrid sensors worked at room temperature and are photomodulated, i.e. they responded to analytes only in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. We propose a qualitative explanation based on the heat of adsorption, ionization energy and solvent polarity to explain the observed selectivity of the different hybrids. These results are significant from the standpoint of applications requiringroom-temperature hydrogen sensing and sensitive alcohol monitoring. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential for tailoring the selectivity of the hybrid nanosensors for a multitude of environmental and industrial sensing applications.
C1 [Aluri, Geetha S.; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Aluri, Geetha S.; Mulpuri, Rao V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Aluri, GS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM amotayed@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Aluri, Geetha/D-3959-2012; Oleshko,
Vladimir/A-6250-2014
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Oleshko,
Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354
FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712]; Defense Threat Reduction
Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0107]; NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]
FX The George Mason University portion of this work was supported by the
National Science Foundation under ECCS-0901712 grant. The University of
Maryland portion of the work was partially supported by the Defense
Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award no. HDTRA1-10-1-0107, to
the University of Maryland. VPO gratefully acknowledges the support from
the NIST (contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814). We thank Dr Kurt
Benkstein of NIST for sharing his design for the gas sensing set-up. We
thank Dr Sergiy Krylyuk of NIST for his assistance in assembling the gas
sensing setup. The nanowire devices were fabricated at the Nanofab clean
room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
NR 62
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD MAY 4
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 17
AR 175501
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/17/175501
PG 12
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 925TS
UT WOS:000302785100006
PM 22481611
ER
PT J
AU van der Avoird, A
Scribano, Y
Faure, A
Weida, MJ
Fair, JR
Nesbitt, DJ
AF van der Avoird, Ad
Scribano, Yohann
Faure, Alexandre
Weida, Miles J.
Fair, Joanna R.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Intermolecular potential and rovibrational states of the H2O-D-2 complex
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Intermolecular potential; Hydrogen bonding; H2O; Water; H-2;
Rovibrational states; Infrared spectrum
ID ROTATION-TUNNELING STATES; COUPLED 6-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS; GRID
HAMILTONIAN METHOD; AB-INITIO TREATMENT; WATER DIMER; HYDROGEN
MOLECULES; AMORPHOUS ICE; VIBRATION; EIGENVALUES; EXCITATION
AB A five-dimensional intermolecular potential for H2O-D-2 was obtained from the full nine-dimensional ab initio potential surface of Valiron et al. [P. Valiron, M. Wernli, A. Faure, L. Wiesenfeld, C. Rist, S. Kedzuch, J. Noga, J. Chem. Phys. 129 (2008) 134306] by averaging over the ground state vibrational wave functions of H2O and D-2. On this five-dimensional potential with a well depth D-e of 232.12 cm (1) we calculated the bound rovibrational levels of H2O-D-2 for total angular momentum J = 0-3. The method used to compute the rovibrational levels is similar to a scattering approach-it involves a basis of coupled free rotor wave functions for the hindered internal rotations and the overall rotation of the dimer-while it uses a discrete variable representation of the intermolecular distance coordinate R. The basis was adapted to the permutation symmetry associated with the para/ortho (p/o) nature of both H2O and D-2, as well as to inversion symmetry. As expected, the H2O-D-2 dimer is more strongly bound than its H2O-H-2 isotopologue [cf. A. van der Avoird, D. J. Nesbitt, J. Chem. Phys. 134 (2011) 044314], with dissociation energies D-0 of 46.10, 50.59, 67.43, and 73.53 cm (1) for pH(2)O-oD(2), oH(2)O-oD(2), pH(2)O-pD(2), and oH(2)O-pD(2). A rotationally resolved infrared spectrum of H2O-D2 was measured in the frequency region of the H2O bend mode. The ab initio calculated values of the rotational and distortion constants agree well with the values extracted from this spectrum. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [van der Avoird, Ad] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.
[Scribano, Yohann] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, UMR 5209, F-21078 Dijon, France.
[Faure, Alexandre] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, IPAG, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
[Weida, Miles J.] Daylight Solut, San Diego, CA 92128 USA.
[Fair, Joanna R.] 1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Radiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP van der Avoird, A (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.
EM A.vanderAvoird@theochem.ru.nl
FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy
FX This work has been supported in part (DJN) by funds from the National
Science Foundation and the Department of Energy. AvdA and DJN also
acknowledge additional assistance through the Senior Alexander von
Humboldt Award program for providing the opportunity to work together.
NR 44
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U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-0104
J9 CHEM PHYS
JI Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 3
PY 2012
VL 399
BP 28
EP 38
DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.06.008
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 944JK
UT WOS:000304196100005
ER
PT J
AU McPhaden, MJ
AF McPhaden, Michael J.
TI A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST and warm water
volume anomalies
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY; TEMPERATURE;
CLIMATE; IMPACT
AB This paper documents changes in the relationship between warm water volume (WWV), which is an index for upper ocean heat content, and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST anomalies during the period 1980-2010. Upper ocean heat content represents a major source of predictability for ENSO, with WWV integrated along the equator leading ENSO SST anomalies by 2-3 seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. For the first decade of the 21st century however, WWV variations decreased and lead time was reduced to only one season, mainly due to the diminished persistence of WWV anomalies early in the calendar year. These changes are linked to a shift towards more central Pacific (CP) versus eastern Pacific (EP) El Ninos in the past decade. The results are consistent with a reduced impact of thermocline feedbacks on ENSO SST development and potentially imply reduced seasonal time scale predictability during periods dominated by CP El Ninos. Citation: McPhaden, M. J. (2012), A 21st century shift in the relationship between ENSO SST and warm water volume anomalies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09706, doi:10.1029/2012GL051826.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
NR 22
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U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD MAY 3
PY 2012
VL 39
AR L09706
DI 10.1029/2012GL051826
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 937RS
UT WOS:000303676600004
ER
PT J
AU Helber, RW
Kara, AB
Richman, JG
Carnes, MR
Barron, CN
Hurlburt, HE
Boyer, T
AF Helber, Robert W.
Kara, A. Birol
Richman, James G.
Carnes, Michael R.
Barron, Charlie N.
Hurlburt, Harley E.
Boyer, Timothy
TI Temperature versus salinity gradients below the ocean mixed layer
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE-LAYER; BARRIER LAYER; VARIABILITY;
DEPTHS; HEAT; SEA; STRATUS; BURSTS
AB We characterize the global ocean seasonal variability of the temperature versus salinity gradients in the transition layer just below the mixed layer using observations of conductivity temperature and depth and profiling float data from the National Ocean Data Center's World Ocean Data set. The balance of these gradients determines the temperature versus salinity control at the mixed layer depth (MLD). We define the MLD as the shallowest of the isothermal, isohaline, and isopycnal layer depths (ITLD, IHLD, and IPLD), each with a shared dependence on a 0.2 degrees C temperature offset. Data are gridded monthly using a variational technique that minimizes the squared analysis slope and data misfit. Surface layers of vertically uniform temperature, salinity, and density have substantially different characteristics. By examining differences between IPLD, ITLD, and IHLD, we determine the annual evolution of temperature or salinity or both temperature and salinity vertical gradients responsible for the observed MLD. We find ITLD determines MLD for 63% and IHLD for 14% of the global ocean. The remaining 23% of the ocean has both ITLD and IHLD nearly identical. It is found that temperature tends to control MLD where surface heat fluxes are large and precipitation is small. Conversely, salinity controls MLD where precipitation is large and surface heat fluxes are small. In the tropical ocean, salinity controls MLD where surface heat fluxes can be moderate but precipitation is very large and dominant.
C1 [Helber, Robert W.; Kara, A. Birol; Richman, James G.; Carnes, Michael R.; Barron, Charlie N.; Hurlburt, Harley E.] USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Boyer, Timothy] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Helber, RW (reprint author), USN, Div Oceanog, Res Lab, 1009 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
EM robert.helber@nrlssc.navy.mil
RI Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008
FU Office of Naval Research under Naval Research Laboratory
FX This research is funded by the Office of Naval Research under two Naval
Research Laboratory projects. The first is the 6.1 program element
61153N The Impact of Spice on Ocean circulation. The second is the 6.2
program element 62435N Full Column Mixing for Numerical Ocean Models.
The authors would like to thank three reviewers for helpful comments and
J. Dastugue for help with figure graphics. With sadness, the authors
report that A. Birol Kara passed away on 14 September 2009. Early work
related to this publication was done by Kara and subsequent research has
been inspired by his legacy. This paper is contribution
NRL/JA/7320-11-0695 and has been approved for public release.
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD MAY 3
PY 2012
VL 117
AR C05006
DI 10.1029/2011JC007382
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 937PI
UT WOS:000303670000002
ER
PT J
AU Dutton, SE
Kumar, M
Mourigal, M
Soos, ZG
Wen, JJ
Broholm, CL
Andersen, NH
Huang, Q
Zbiri, M
Toft-Petersen, R
Cava, RJ
AF Dutton, S. E.
Kumar, M.
Mourigal, M.
Soos, Z. G.
Wen, J. -J.
Broholm, C. L.
Andersen, N. H.
Huang, Q.
Zbiri, M.
Toft-Petersen, R.
Cava, R. J.
TI Quantum Spin Liquid in Frustrated One-Dimensional LiCuSbO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROUND-STATE; S=1/2 ANTIFERROMAGNET; CHAINS; LICUVO4
AB A quantum magnet, LiCuSbO4, with chains of edge-sharing spin-1/2 CuO6 octahedra is reported. While short-range order is observed for T < 10 K, no zero-field phase transition or spin freezing occurs down to 100 mK. Specific heat indicates a distinct high-field phase near the 12 T saturation field. Neutron scattering shows incommensurate spin correlations with q = (0.47 +/- 0.01) pi/a and places an upper limit of 70 mu eV on any spin gap. Exact diagonalization of 16-spin easy-plane spin-1/2 chains with competing ferro-and antiferromagnetic interactions (J(1) = -75 K, J(2) = 34 K) accounts for the T > 2 K data.
C1 [Dutton, S. E.; Kumar, M.; Soos, Z. G.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mourigal, M.; Wen, J. -J.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Mourigal, M.; Wen, J. -J.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Mourigal, M.; Zbiri, M.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Andersen, N. H.; Toft-Petersen, R.; Cava, R. J.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Phys, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
[Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dutton, SE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM sed33@cam.ac.uk
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Wen, Jiajia/C-5370-2013; Andersen,
Niels/A-3872-2012; Mourigal, Martin/F-4495-2010;
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Wen, Jiajia/0000-0002-1651-3578;
Mourigal, Martin/0000-0003-2772-8440; Dutton, S E/0000-0003-0984-5504
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-8ER46544]
FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of C. Pacheco during the electron
paramagnetic resonance measurements. R. J. C. acknowledges support from
the Velux Visiting Professor Program during his visit to Riso DTU. The
Institut Laue-Langevin facility is acknowledged for providing beam time
on the IN6 spectrometer. This research was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-8ER46544.
NR 37
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U1 4
U2 61
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 3
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 18
AR 187206
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.187206
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 937MF
UT WOS:000303661900025
PM 22681114
ER
PT J
AU Wi, S
Dominguez, F
Durcik, M
Valdes, J
Diaz, HF
Castro, CL
AF Wi, Sungwook
Dominguez, Francina
Durcik, Matej
Valdes, Juan
Diaz, Henry F.
Castro, Christopher L.
TI Climate change projection of snowfall in the Colorado River Basin using
dynamical downscaling
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER-RESOURCES; MODELING SYSTEM; NORTH-AMERICA;
TRENDS; SNOWPACK; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY
AB Recent observations show a decrease in the fraction of precipitation falling as snowfall in the western United States. In this work we evaluate a historical and future climate simulation over the Colorado River Basin using a 35 km continuous 111 year simulation (1969-2079) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model with boundary forcing from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research/Met Office's HadCM3 model with A2 emission scenario. The focus of this work is to (1) evaluate the simulated spatiotemporal variability of snowfall in the historical period when compared to observations and (2) project changes in snowfall and the fraction of precipitation that falls as snow during the 21st century. We find that the spatial variability in modeled snowfall in the historical period (1981-2005) is realistically represented when compared to observations. The trends of modeled snowfall are similar to the observed trends except at higher elevations. Examining the continuous 111 year simulation, we find the future projections show statistically significant increases in temperature with larger increases in the northern part of the basin. There are statistically insignificant increases in precipitation, while snowfall shows a statistically significant decrease throughout the period in all but the highest elevations and latitudes. The fraction of total precipitation falling as snow shows statistically significant declines in all regions. The strongest decrease in snowfall is seen at high elevations in the southern part of the basin and low elevations in the northern part of the basin. The regions of most intense decreases in snow experience a decline of approximately 50% in snowfall throughout the 111 year simulation period. The regions of strongest declines in snowfall roughly correspond to the region of migration of the zero degree Celsius line and emphasize snowfall dependence on both altitude and latitude.
C1 [Wi, Sungwook; Valdes, Juan] Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Dominguez, Francina; Castro, Christopher L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Dominguez, Francina; Durcik, Matej; Valdes, Juan] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Wi, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, 1209 E 2nd St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM francina@hwr.arizona.edu
RI Durcik, Matej/F-2266-2010; Dominguez, Francina/D-4412-2012
OI Durcik, Matej/0000-0002-7064-961X;
FU DOE [DE-SC0001172]
FX Francina Dominguez's work is supported by DOE (DE-SC0001172). We
acknowledge Richard Jones and Wilfran Moufouma-Okia from the UK Met
Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change for providing the HadCM3 forcing
data for the WRF simulation. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the
Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the
WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) for their roles in
making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. This work has been
partially founded by SAHRA (Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid
Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National
Science Foundation, Agreement EAR-9876800.
NR 53
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 48
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
EI 1944-7973
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD MAY 3
PY 2012
VL 48
AR W05504
DI 10.1029/2011WR010674
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 937RH
UT WOS:000303675400002
ER
PT J
AU Desrosiers, MF
Forney, AM
Puhl, JM
AF Desrosiers, M. F.
Forney, A. M.
Puhl, J. M.
TI A Comparison of Harwell & FWT Alanine Temperature Coefficients from 25
degrees C to 80 degrees C
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alanine; dosimeter; dosimetry; gamma ray; irradiation temperature;
temperature coefficient
ID EPR DOSIMETRY SYSTEM; IRRADIATION TEMPERATURE; ACCURACY; ADVANCEMENTS;
DEPENDENCE
AB The dosimeters used to monitor industrial irradiation processing commonly experience significant temperature rises that must be considered in the dose analysis stage. The irradiation-temperature coefficient for a dosimetry system is derived from the dosimeter's radiation response to the absorbed dose and the irradiation temperature. This temperature coefficient is typically expressed in percent change per degree. The temperature rise in dosimeters irradiated with high-intensity ionizing radiation sources can be appreciable. This is especially true for electron-beam processing in which dosimeter temperatures can approach 80 degrees C. A recent National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) study revealed modest (0.5 % to 1.0 %) deviations from the predicted value at temperatures above 70 degrees C for absorbed doses of 1 kGy and 20 kGy. However, these data were inconsistent with a concurrent manuscript published by National Physical Laboratory (NPL) researchers that found a significant dose-dependent non-linear alanine response but used dosimeters from a different manufacturer and a different experimental design. The current work was undertaken to reconcile the two studies. Alanine dosimeters from each manufacturer used by NIST and NPL were co-irradiated over a wide range of absorbed dose and irradiation temperature. It was found that though there was a slight variation in the temperature coefficient between the two alanine dosimeter sources both systems were linear with irradiation temperature up to 70 degrees C and the NPL observations of non-linearity were not reproduced. These data confirmed that there is no fundamental difference in the two commercial alanine dosimeter sources and that temperature corrections could be made on industrial irradiations at the extremes of irradiation temperature and absorbed dose.
C1 [Desrosiers, M. F.; Forney, A. M.; Puhl, J. M.] US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Desrosiers, MF (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, NIST Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM marc.desrosiers@nist.gov; anne.forney@nist.gov; james.puhl@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 143
EP 153
DI 10.6028/jres.117.007
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 018YY
UT WOS:000309705300001
PM 26900519
ER
PT J
AU Martin, J
AF Martin, Joshua
TI Computational Seebeck Coefficient Measurement Simulations
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Finite element analysis; Seebeck coefficient; thermoelectric
ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS
AB We have employed finite element analysis to develop computational Seebeck coefficient metrology simulations. This approach enables a unique exploration of multiple probe arrangements and measurement techniques within the same temporal domain. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, we have performed these Seebeck coefficient measurement simulations to quantitatively explore perturbations to voltage and temperature correspondence, by comparing simultaneous and staggered data acquisition techniques under the quasi-steady-state condition. The results indicate significant distortions to the Seebeck coefficient and a strong dependence on the time delay, the acquisition sequence, and the probe arrangement.
C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Measurements Stand & Data Energy Convers Mat Proj, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Measurements Stand & Data Energy Convers Mat Proj, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.martin@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 168
EP 175
DI 10.6028/jres.117.009
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 988VT
UT WOS:000307519500001
PM 26900521
ER
PT J
AU Pernstich, KP
AF Pernstich, K. P.
TI Instrument Control (iC) - An Open-Source Software to Automate Test
Equipment
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Automation; data acquisition; GPIB; Java; open-source; test equipment
AB It has become common practice to automate data acquisition from programmable instrumentation, and a range of different software solutions fulfill this task. Many routine measurements require sequential processing of certain tasks, for instance to adjust the temperature of a sample stage, take a measurement, and repeat that cycle for other temperatures. This paper introduces an open-source Java program that processes a series of text-based commands that define the measurement sequence. These commands are in an intuitive format which provides great flexibility and allows quick and easy adaptation to various measurement needs. For each of these commands, the iC-framework calls a corresponding Java method that addresses the specified instrument to perform the desired task. The functionality of iC can be extended with minimal programming effort in Java or Python, and new measurement equipment can be addressed by defining new commands in a text file without any programming.
C1 [Pernstich, K. P.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pernstich, K. P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Pernstich, KP (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM pernstich@alumni.ethz.ch
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; NIST; National Institute for
Standards and Technology through the University of Maryland
[70NANB10H026]
FX The author is grateful for the all-time support of D. J. Gundlach and C.
A. Richter. Special thanks to J. Campbell for his idea for generic
instruments and to L. Richter for suggesting to include Python. The
author acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science
Foundation, from NIST, and from the National Institute for Standards and
Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science
and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the
University of Maryland.
NR 5
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
VL 117
BP 176
EP 184
DI 10.6028/jres.117.010
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 988VT
UT WOS:000307519500002
PM 26900522
ER
PT J
AU Lefebvre, KA
Frame, ER
Gulland, F
Hansen, JD
Kendrick, PS
Beyer, RP
Bammler, TK
Farin, FM
Hiolski, EM
Smith, DR
Marcinek, DJ
AF Lefebvre, Kathi A.
Frame, Elizabeth R.
Gulland, Frances
Hansen, John D.
Kendrick, Preston S.
Beyer, Richard P.
Bammler, Theo K.
Farin, Frederico M.
Hiolski, Emma M.
Smith, Donald R.
Marcinek, David J.
TI A Novel Antibody-Based Biomarker for Chronic Algal Toxin Exposure and
Sub-Acute Neurotoxicity
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; DOMOIC ACID TOXICOSIS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS;
CLINICAL SIGNS; HAPTEN; SPECIFICITY; MORTALITY; SHELLFISH; TOXICITY;
HEALTH
AB The neurotoxic amino acid, domoic acid (DA), is naturally produced by marine phytoplankton and presents a significant threat to the health of marine mammals, seabirds and humans via transfer of the toxin through the foodweb. In humans, acute exposure causes a neurotoxic illness known as amnesic shellfish poisoning characterized by seizures, memory loss, coma and death. Regular monitoring for high DA levels in edible shellfish tissues has been effective in protecting human consumers from acute DA exposure. However, chronic low-level DA exposure remains a concern, particularly in coastal and tribal communities that subsistence harvest shellfish known to contain low levels of the toxin. Domoic acid exposure via consumption of planktivorous fish also has a profound health impact on California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) affecting hundreds of animals yearly. Due to increasing algal toxin exposure threats globally, there is a critical need for reliable diagnostic tests for assessing chronic DA exposure in humans and wildlife. Here we report the discovery of a novel DA-specific antibody response that is a signature of chronic low-level exposure identified initially in a zebrafish exposure model and confirmed in naturally exposed wild sea lions. Additionally, we found that chronic exposure in zebrafish caused increased neurologic sensitivity to DA, revealing that repetitive exposure to DA well below the threshold for acute behavioral toxicity has underlying neurotoxic consequences. The discovery that chronic exposure to low levels of a small, water-soluble single amino acid triggers a detectable antibody response is surprising and has profound implications for the development of diagnostic tests for exposure to other pervasive environmental toxins.
C1 [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Frame, Elizabeth R.; Kendrick, Preston S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Gulland, Frances] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA.
[Hansen, John D.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Beyer, Richard P.; Bammler, Theo K.; Farin, Frederico M.] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Hiolski, Emma M.; Smith, Donald R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Microbiol & Environm Toxicol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Marcinek, David J.] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Lefebvre, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov
OI Marcinek, David/0000-0001-5187-2149
FU NOAA-ECOHAB program; UW NIEHS [P30ES07033]; NIH [AG036606]
FX Funding for this research was provided by the NOAA-ECOHAB program. This
work was also supported in part by the UW NIEHS sponsored Center for
Ecogenetics & Environmental Health (P30ES07033) and NIH AG036606. The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 27
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
VL 7
IS 5
AR e36213
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0036213
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 959US
UT WOS:000305341500059
PM 22567140
ER
PT J
AU Bianchi, D
Dunne, JP
Sarmiento, JL
Galbraith, ED
AF Bianchi, Daniele
Dunne, John P.
Sarmiento, Jorge L.
Galbraith, Eric D.
TI Data-based estimates of suboxia, denitrification, and N2O production in
the ocean and their sensitivities to dissolved O-2
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ZONE; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN;
ARABIAN SEA; FIXED-NITROGEN; MINIMUM ZONE; VARIABILITY; MODEL; CYCLE;
FLUX
AB Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are major sites of fixed nitrogen removal from the open ocean. However, commonly used gridded data sets such as the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) tend to overestimate the concentration of O-2 compared to measurements in grids where O-2 falls in the suboxic range (O-2 < 2-10 mmol m(-3)), thereby underestimating the extent of O-2 depletion in OMZs. We evaluate the distribution of the OMZs by (1) mapping high-quality oxygen measurements from the WOCE program, and (2) by applying an empirical correction to the gridded WOA based on in situ observations. The resulting suboxic volumes are a factor 3 larger than in the uncorrected gridded WOA. We combine the new oxygen data sets with estimates of global export and simple models of remineralization to estimate global denitrification and N2O production. We obtain a removal of fixed nitrogen of 70 +/- 50 Tg year(-1) in the open ocean and 198 +/- 64 Tg year(-1) in the sediments, and a global N2O production of 6.2 +/- 3.2 Tg year(-1). Our results (1) reconcile water column denitrification rates based on global oxygen distributions with previous estimates based on nitrogen isotopes, (2) revise existing estimates of sediment denitrification down by 1/3(d) through the use of spatially explicit fluxes, and (3) provide independent evidence supporting the idea of a historically balanced oceanic nitrogen cycle. These estimates are most sensitive to uncertainties in the global export production, the oxygen threshold for suboxic processes, and the efficiency of particle respiration under suboxic conditions. Ocean deoxygenation, an expected response to anthropogenic climate change, could increase denitrification by 14 Tg year(-1) of nitrogen per 1 mmol m(-3) of oxygen reduction if uniformly distributed, while leaving N2O production relatively unchanged.
C1 [Bianchi, Daniele; Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada.
[Bianchi, Daniele; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Bianchi, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3450 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada.
EM daniele.bianchi@mail.mcgill.ca
RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014
OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232
NR 60
TC 49
Z9 51
U1 4
U2 56
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
EI 1944-9224
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
VL 26
AR GB2009
DI 10.1029/2011GB004209
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 937SA
UT WOS:000303677500003
ER
PT J
AU Jackel, BJ
McKiernan, B
Singer, HJ
AF Jackel, Brian J.
McKiernan, Breege
Singer, Howard J.
TI Geostationary magnetic field response to solar wind pressure variations:
Time delay and local time variation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PROPAGATION DELAY; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; DYNAMIC PRESSURE; ULF WAVES
AB The relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure changes and geosynchronous magnetic field response is studied using 15 years of OMNI2 and GOES data at 1-minute resolution. Significant magnetospheric response to solar wind-forcing is found to be most frequent near noon (30% of all intervals), and virtually absent on the night-side. The strongest response occurs when IMF B-z is strongly northward and the effect of reducing IMF B-z is most pronounced in the dusk sector. Approximately 25% of dayside B-z variance for related intervals can be attributed to direct response from solar wind dynamic pressure forcing. Time lag between changes in the solar wind at the bow shock nose and similar fluctuations in the magnetosphere at geosynchronous orbit (6.6 Re) is typically 2 to 4 minutes, with responses occurring first in the post-noon sector and approximately 2 minutes later near dawn. The OMNI2 HRO time-shifting algorithm appears to be quite effective, with a slight (2 minute) systematic increase in lag and no increased scatter for the most distant upstream solar wind satellite location.
C1 [Jackel, Brian J.; McKiernan, Breege] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Singer, Howard J.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Jackel, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
EM bjackel@ucalgary.ca
FU Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
FX B. McKiernan was supported by funds from the Canadian Natural Sciences
and Engineering Research Council (NSERC). GOES magnetometer data were
produced by NOAA/SWPC and obtained from CDAWeb. OMNI2 data were provided
by the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) and National Space Science
Data Center (NSSDC), based on solar wind and magnetic field observations
from the Geotail, Wind, and ACE spacecraft. We thank Joseph King for
valuable feedback.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
VL 117
AR A05203
DI 10.1029/2011JA017210
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 937PY
UT WOS:000303671600002
ER
PT J
AU Munroe, TA
AF Munroe, Thomas A.
TI The spotted flounder, Azygopus flemingi Nielsen 1961 (Pisces:
Pleuronectiformes: Rhombosoleidae), from deep waters off New Zealand: a
second valid species of Azygopus Norman 1926, with notes on
distribution, size, maturity, and ecology
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE rhombosoleid flatfish; taxonomy; New Zealand endemic fishes; deep-sea
flatfish; species re-description; squamation; scale morphology; Azygopus
pinnifasciatus; sexual dimorphism
ID DEMERSAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES
AB Since its description, Azyygopus Norman, 1926 was considered by subsequent authors to be a monotypic genus in the Order Pleuronectiformes comprised only of A. pinnifasciatus Norman, 1926, known from deep waters (90-900 m, usually 200-600 m) off the southern and southeastern coasts of Australia. In 1961, a subspecies, A. pinnifasciatus flemingi Nielsen, was described based on three specimens collected at 610 m in the Tasman Sea off the South Island, New Zealand. From its description to contemporary literature evaluating its status, recognition of A. p. flemingi as a distinct taxon has been rejected by all but two studies reporting on Azygopus from New Zealand waters. Until the late 20th century, specimens of Azygopus had been rarely collected off New Zealand and little was known about these fishes. Over the past 25 years, collecting by scientific expeditions and expanding deep-sea fisheries have captured over 195 specimens of Azygopus from a variety of deep-sea locations around New Zealand. Recently-captured specimens of Azygopus collected around New Zealand and deposited in fish collections have been identified as either A. pinnifasciatus Norman or A. flemingi Nielsen, suggesting the possibility that two species of Azygopus occur in New Zealand waters. This study examined the holotype, a paratype, and 25 non-type specimens of A. pinnifasciatus collected off Australia, and the most comprehensive series of specimens of Azygopus collected from New Zealand waters. These specimens included the holotype and two paratypes of A. p. flemingi and 191 other specimens collected from throughout the entire depth range (153-942 m) and representing wide coverage of geographic areas around New Zealand where Azygopus have been collected. Comparisons of these specimens indicate that a second species, A. flemingi Nielsen, should be recognized in the genus Azygopus, and that this species is the only member of this genus occurring in New Zealand waters. Azygopus flemingi is readily distinguished from A. pinnifasciatus by conspicuous differences in ocular-and blind-side color patterns, in numbers of ocular-side pelvic-fin rays, total vertebrae, lateral-line scales, and gillrakers on the first gill arch, morphology of blind-side scales and squamation patterns, length of blind-side pectoral fins, presence/absence of scales between upper jaw and ventral margin of lower eye, and pigment patterns on dorsal and anal fins of adults. Adult A. flemingi and A. pinnifasciatus are sexually dimorphic in several features. Data on maximum size and size at maturity, and depth of occurrence are summarized for A. flemingi.
C1 NMFS NOAA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Munroe, TA (reprint author), NMFS NOAA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Systemat Lab, NHB, POB 37012,WC 57,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
EM munroet@si.edu
FU NMNZ Te Papa; NZ Foundation for Research Science and Technology through
the Te Papa Biosystematics of NZ EEZ Fishes within NIWA's Marine
Biodiversity and Biosecurity OBI [C01X0502]
FX I thank members of the fish group at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa
for their kind hospitality and assistance during my visits to the fish
collection. C. Struthers and A. Stewart located data and references and
retrieved catalogue information for specimens of A. flemingi curated at
NMNZ; R. Crec'hriou (formerly NMNZ) and J. Barker (NMNZ) provided
radiographs. The author also extends his gratitude to the following
individuals for their assistance with obtaining data and other
information that greatly improved the scope of this study: M. McGrouther
and A. Hay (AMS) assisted with information on type specimens, provided
the photograph and radiograph of the holotype of A. pinnifasciatus, and
also arranged for loan of specimens from the fish collection at AMS; D.
Bray (NMV) arranged for loan of specimens of A. pinnifasciatus; M.
Lockett (AMS) examined color details and provided counts and
measurements of the holotype of A. pinnifasciatus; P. Moller (ZMUC)
provided counts, measurements, radiograph, and photograph of the
holotype of A. flemingi; G. Shinohara (NSMT) provided catalogue
information and radiographs of specimens curated at NSMT; J. Nielsen
(ZMUC) provided comments regarding taxonomic decisions made in the
original description of A. pinnifasciatus flemingi; T. Trinski provided
catalogue information for specimens curated at the Auckland Museum fish
collection. Color photographs of fishes used in this study were kindly
provided by C. Struthers (NMNZ Te Papa), M. Allen and M. McGrouther
(AMS). M. Freeborn (NMNZ) provided illustrations used in the manuscript.
C. Struthers and M. Nizinski (NMFS/National Systematics Laboratory)
assisted with preparation of figures. C. Struthers prepared the
distribution map. M. Francis, NIWA, provided information on abundance
from the Ministry of Fisheries research trawl database. K. Graham,
Research Associate, AMS, provided information on A. pinnifasciatus
distribution and abundance off southeastern Australia. A. Stewart
provided helpful comments in his review of a preliminary draft of the
manuscript. The author extends his appreciation to C. Roberts, NMNZ Te
Papa, for his continued support and for kindly arranging funding to help
support this study which was conducted at the Museum of New Zealand Te
Papa. Partial financial support for this work was provided by the NZ
Foundation for Research Science and Technology through the Te Papa
Biosystematics of NZ EEZ Fishes subcontract within NIWA's Marine
Biodiversity and Biosecurity OBI program (contract C01X0502). Thanks to
all investigators who retained specimens during their survey work.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD MAY 2
PY 2012
IS 3297
BP 1
EP 33
PG 33
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 940JE
UT WOS:000303885000001
ER
PT J
AU Hoef, JMV
AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver
TI Who Invented the Delta Method?
SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN
LA English
DT Article
DE Approximate variance; Bias correction; Limiting distribution; Taylor
expansion
AB Many statisticians and other scientists use what is commonly called the "delta method." However, few people know who proposed it. The earliest article was found in an obscure journal, and the author is rarely cited for his contribution. This article briefly reviews three modern versions of the delta method and how they are used. Then, some history on the author and the journal of the first known article on the delta method is given. The original author's specific contribution is reproduced, along with a discussion on possible reasons that it has been overlooked.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov
OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895
FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service
FX This project received financial support from the NOAA's National Marine
Fisheries Service to the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Reference to
trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries
Service, NOAA.
NR 10
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA
SN 0003-1305
J9 AM STAT
JI Am. Stat.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 66
IS 2
BP 124
EP 127
DI 10.1080/00031305.2012.687494
PG 4
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 998ZG
UT WOS:000308278300008
ER
PT J
AU Charnotskii, M
AF Charnotskii, Mikhail
TI Common omissions and misconceptions of wave propagation in turbulence:
discussion
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND
VISION
LA English
DT Article
ID BEAM SCINTILLATIONS
AB This review paper addresses typical mistakes and omissions that involve theoretical research and modeling of optical propagation through atmospheric turbulence. We discuss the disregard of some general properties of narrow-angle propagation in refractive random media, the careless use of simplified models of turbulence, and omissions in the calculations of the second moment of the propagating wave. We also review some misconceptions regarding short-exposure imaging, propagation of polarized waves, and calculations of the scintillation index of the beam waves. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA.
[Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R PSD 99, Boulder, CO USA.
EM Mikhail.charnotskii@noaa.gov
RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013
OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254
NR 24
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 6
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1084-7529
EI 1520-8532
J9 J OPT SOC AM A
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 5
BP 711
EP 721
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 016UK
UT WOS:000309544800008
PM 22561929
ER
PT J
AU Yeo, DH
Jones, NP
AF Yeo, DongHun
Jones, Nicholas P.
TI Aerodynamic forces induced by vertically oscillating incoming flow on a
yawed horizontal circular cylinder
SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Aerodynamic force; Detached eddy simulation; Oscillating incoming flow;
Yawed circular cylinder
ID WIND-INDUCED VIBRATION; CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES; OBLIQUE
AB Large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges are an aeroelastic phenomenon caused by an interaction between wind and motion of the cables that is not yet fully explained. Understanding how flow around and the associated forces on an oscillating cable in the across-flow direction are developed interactively is essential to describe the mechanism of cable vibrations. This can ultimately lead to effective mitigation strategies for the large-amplitude vibrations. In this numerical study, using three-dimensional detached eddy simulation (DES), we considered vertically oscillating incoming flow over a stationary, yawed horizontal circular cylinder to investigate the effects of oscillation frequency on flow around and forces on the cylinder. The flow patterns and forces indicate that the incoming and around-cylinder oscillating flows interact significantly. Results showed that the flow around a yawed cylinder develops in different ways depending on the frequency of the incoming flow oscillation, resulting in changed characteristics of flow-induced forces. When incoming flow oscillated at frequencies similar to those of forces generated on the cylinder under uniform incoming flow, along-span flow that generated the low-frequency forces was intensified, i.e., the associated forces were strengthened while preserving their low frequency. However, when the incoming flow oscillated at a frequency close to that of Karman vortex shedding, the along-span flow was suppressed while the Karman vortex shedding phenomenon was strengthened over the whole cylinder length. This study suggests that when an oblique cable oscillates at a low frequency due to oblique wind-induced aerodynamic forces, those forces play an important role in initiating and increasing the vibration at the low frequency. A fluid-structure interaction analysis is planned that will shed more light on the phenomenon studied in this work by considering only the fluid motion. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jones, Nicholas P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, GWC Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Yeo, DH (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6105
J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD
JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.
PD MAY-JUL
PY 2012
VL 104
SI SI
BP 188
EP 195
DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.02.032
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mechanics
GA 990CS
UT WOS:000307609200020
ER
PT J
AU Lombardo, FT
AF Lombardo, Franklin T.
TI Improved extreme wind speed estimation for wind engineering applications
SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Extreme value estimation; Extreme wind speeds; Synoptic storms;
Thunderstorms; Wind climate
AB The description of the extreme wind climate is an important step in the process of determining wind loads on structures. Factors that affect the estimation of extreme wind speeds include spatiotemporal data resolution, micrometeorological characterization, and extreme value statistics. Accounting for these factors inadequately can result in estimation differences that can exceed 50%. Issues associated with these factors are explained in detail and improvements in current estimation practice are outlined. Research presented in this paper shows that recent and ongoing progress makes it possible to produce significantly improved extreme wind speed estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lombardo, FT (reprint author), NIST, MS 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM franklin.lombardo@nist.gov
NR 33
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6105
J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD
JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.
PD MAY-JUL
PY 2012
VL 104
SI SI
BP 278
EP 284
DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.02.025
PG 7
WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mechanics
GA 990CS
UT WOS:000307609200029
ER
PT J
AU Chen, C
Lakhankar, T
Romanov, P
Helfrich, S
Powell, A
Khanbilvardi, R
AF Chen, Christine
Lakhankar, Tarendra
Romanov, Peter
Helfrich, Sean
Powell, Al
Khanbilvardi, Reza
TI Validation of NOAA-Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System
(IMS) by Comparison with Ground-Based Measurements over Continental
United States
SO REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE snow; IMS; NOAA; NCDC; AVHRR
ID MODIS DATA; COVER; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; BASIN
AB In this study, daily maps of snow cover distribution and sea ice extent produced by NOAA's interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system (IMS) were validated using in situ snow depth data from observing stations obtained from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) for calendar years 2006 to 2010. IMS provides daily maps of snow and sea ice extent within the Northern Hemisphere using data from combination of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites in visible, infrared and microwave spectrums. Statistical correspondence between the IMS and in situ point measurements has been evaluated assuming that ground measurements are discrete and continuously distributed over a 4 km IMS snow cover maps. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) land and snow classification data are supplemental datasets used in the further analysis of correspondence between the IMS product and in situ measurements. The comparison of IMS maps with in situ snow observations conducted over a period of four years has demonstrated a good correspondence of the data sets. The daily rate of agreement between the products mostly ranges between 80% and 90% during the Northern Hemisphere through the winter seasons when about a quarter to one third of the territory of continental US is covered with snow. Further, better agreement was observed for stations recording higher snow depth. The uncertainties in validation of IMS snow product with stationed NCDC data were discussed.
C1 [Chen, Christine; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Romanov, Peter; Khanbilvardi, Reza] NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing & Technol Ctr NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Chen, Christine] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Helfrich, Sean] NOAA, Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC 20395 USA.
[Powell, Al] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20395 USA.
RP Lakhankar, T (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing & Technol Ctr NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM cchen18@ccny.cuny.edu; tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu; peter.romanov@noaa.gov;
Sean.Helfrich@noaa.gov; Al.Powell@noaa.gov; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu
RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Lakhankar,
Tarendra/F-9490-2011
OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307;
Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST
[NA11SEC4810004]
FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST Grant #NA11SEC4810004. The
statements contained within the manuscript/research article are not the
opinions of the funding agency or the US Government, but reflect the
authors' opinions. The authors are grateful to Glen Liston from CIRA,
Colorado State University for providing snow classification data and
useful detailed discussion regarding this project. We wish to thanks
NSIDC and NOAA for providing the valuable data.
NR 14
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 20
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2072-4292
J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL
JI Remote Sens.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 5
BP 1134
EP 1145
DI 10.3390/rs4051134
PG 12
WC Remote Sensing
SC Remote Sensing
GA 978PR
UT WOS:000306757800002
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JY
Clarke, ML
Tokumasu, F
Lesoine, JF
Allen, DW
Chang, R
Litorja, M
Hwang, J
AF Lee, Ji Youn
Clarke, Matthew L.
Tokumasu, Fuyuki
Lesoine, John F.
Allen, David W.
Chang, Robert
Litorja, Maritoni
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Absorption-Based Hyperspectral Imaging and Analysis of Single
Erythrocytes
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Absorption spectra of hemoglobin; endmember analysis; erythrocyte (red
blood cell); hyperspectral imaging; label-free molecular imaging;
scattering signature; sequential maximum angle convex cone (SMACC)
algorithm; spectral light engine
ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA PIGMENT; HEMOZOIN; SYSTEM
AB We report an absorption-based hyperspectral imaging and analysis technique to resolve unique physicochemical characteristics of subcellular substances in single erythrocytes. We constructed a microscope system installed with a spectral light engine capable of controlling the spectral shape of the illumination light by a digital micromirror device. The hyperspectral imaging system and the sequential maximum angle convex cone algorithm allow us to extract unique spectral signatures (i.e., endmembers) for different types of hemoglobin, such as oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and hemozoin, and scatter from cell membrane in single erythrocytes. Further statistical endmember analysis, conducted on the hyperspectral image data, provides the abundances of specific endmembers, which can be used to build intracellular maps of the distribution of substances of interest. In addition, we perform modeling based on Mie theory to explain the scattering signatures as a function of scattering angle. The developed imaging and analysis technique enables label-free molecular imaging of endogenous biomarkers in single erythrocytes in order to build oxymetric standards on a cellular level and ultimately for in vivo as well.
C1 [Lee, Ji Youn; Clarke, Matthew L.; Lesoine, John F.; Allen, David W.; Chang, Robert; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tokumasu, Fuyuki] NIH, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Lee, JY (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jiyoun.lee@nist.gov; matthew.clarke@nist.gov; ftokumasu@niaid.nih.gov;
john.lesoine@nist.gov; david.allen@nist.gov; robert.chang@nist.gov;
maritoni.litorja@nist.gov; jch@nist.gov
OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071
FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Program on Optical Medical
Imaging; Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH; National
Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIH (NIBIB)/NIST;
National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST
FX This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science
Program on Optical Medical Imaging and by the Intramural Research
Program of the NIAID, NIH. J. Y. Lee and M. L. Clarke contributed
equally to this work.; The authors would like to thank Dr. D. Samarov,
Dr. A. Possolo, Dr. E. Shirley, Dr. Y. J. Lee, and Dr. K. Briggman for
useful discussions and valuable comments on this manuscript. This
research was performed while J. Y. Lee held a National Research Council
Research Associateship Award at NIH (NIBIB)/NIST, and J. F. Lesoine and
R. Chang held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award
at NIST.
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 16
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1077-260X
EI 1558-4542
J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 3
BP 1130
EP 1139
DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2164239
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 975PW
UT WOS:000306524300011
ER
PT J
AU Barton, A
Hales, B
Waldbusser, GG
Langdon, C
Feely, RA
AF Barton, Alan
Hales, Burke
Waldbusser, George G.
Langdon, Chris
Feely, Richard A.
TI The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to
naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term
ocean acidification effects
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; WASHINGTON-STATE; EASTERN OYSTER;
LARVAL SHELL; WILLAPA BAY; SEAWATER; CALCIFICATION; ECOSYSTEM; FUTURE
AB We report results from an oyster hatchery on the Oregon coast, where intake waters experienced variable carbonate chemistry (aragonite saturation state < 0.8 to > 3.2; pH < 7.6 to > 8.2) in the early summer of 2009. Both larval production and midstage growth (similar to 120 to similar to 150 mu m) of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were significantly negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state of waters in which larval oysters were spawned and reared for the first 48 h of life. The effects of the initial spawning conditions did not have a significant effect on early-stage growth (growth from D-hinge stage to similar to 120 mm), suggesting a delayed effect of water chemistry on larval development.
C1 [Hales, Burke; Waldbusser, George G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Barton, Alan] Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Assoc, Emerald Isle, NC USA.
[Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries, Newport, OR USA.
[Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Wildlife & Coastal Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR USA.
[Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hales, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM bhales@coas.oregonstate.edu
OI Waldbusser, George/0000-0002-8334-580X
FU Pacific Shellfish Institute; Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers
Association; National Science Foundation [OCE-1041267]
FX We thank Sue Cudd and Mark Wiegert, owners and operators of the Whiskey
Creek Hatchery, for their assistance with developing a sampling program
at the hatchery and for sharing their operational and production data
with us. This work was supported by the Pacific Shellfish Institute,
through efforts led by Andrew Suhrbier, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish
Growers Association, through efforts led by Robin Downey. Conversations
with Alan Trimble were greatly instructive in building our understanding
of the local shellfish environment and ecology. National Science
Foundation grant OCE-1041267 supported G.G.W., and the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acidification Program supported R.
A. F. in preparation of this manuscript. Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory contribution number 3720. Two anonymous reviewers provided
thoughtful comments that greatly improved the final manuscript.
NR 57
TC 149
Z9 154
U1 14
U2 167
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY
PI WACO
PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 57
IS 3
BP 698
EP 710
DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698
PG 13
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 971XJ
UT WOS:000306239300003
ER
PT J
AU Chapman, IT
Liu, YQ
Asunta, O
Graves, JP
Johnson, T
Jucker, M
AF Chapman, I. T.
Liu, Y. Q.
Asunta, O.
Graves, J. P.
Johnson, T.
Jucker, M.
TI Kinetic damping of resistive wall modes in ITER
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMA ROTATION; DIII-D; STABILIZATION; TOKAMAK; KINK; OPERATION
AB Full drift kinetic modelling including finite orbit width effects has been used to assess the passive stabilisation of the resistive wall mode (RWM) that can be expected in the ITER advanced scenario. At realistic plasma rotation frequency, the thermal ions have a stabilising effect on the RWM, but the stability limit remains below the target plasma pressure to achieve Q = 5. However, the inclusion of damping arising from the fusion-born alpha particles, the NBI ions, and ICRH fast ions extends the RWM stability limit above the target beta for the advanced scenario. The fast ion damping arises primarily from finite orbit width effects and is not due to resonance between the particle frequencies and the instability. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714877]
C1 [Chapman, I. T.; Liu, Y. Q.] EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
[Asunta, O.] Aalto Univ, Assoc EURATOM Tekes, Dept Appl Phys, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
[Graves, J. P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Johnson, T.] KTH, EES, EURATOM VR Assoc, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Jucker, M.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Chapman, IT (reprint author), EURATOM CCFE Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
RI Jucker, Martin/C-3914-2014
OI Jucker, Martin/0000-0002-4227-315X
FU RCUK [EP/I501045]; European Communities
FX This work was partly funded by the RCUK Energy Programme under Grant
EP/I501045 and the European Communities under the contract of
Association between EURATOM and CCFE. The views and opinions expressed
herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.
Simulations by M.J. have been performed on the Monte Rosa Cray XE6
supercomputer at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) in
Manno, Switzerland.
NR 63
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 19
IS 5
AR 052502
DI 10.1063/1.4714877
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 952YB
UT WOS:000304831100017
ER
PT J
AU Zingone, A
Berdalet, E
Bienfang, P
Enevoldsen, H
Evans, J
Kudela, R
Tester, P
AF Zingone, Adriana
Berdalet, Elisa
Bienfang, Paul
Enevoldsen, Henrik
Evans, Jacqueline
Kudela, Raphael
Tester, Patricia
TI Harmful algae in benthic systems: A GEOHAB core research program
SO CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOLOGIE
LA English
DT Article
DE GEOHAB; HABs; harmful algae; Ostreopsis; Gambierdiscus; ecology
ID GAMBIERDISCUS; OSTREOPSIS; DINOPHYCEAE; TAXONOMY
AB Harmful events caused by benthic microalgae have recently garnered a high level of attention in temperate areas, upon reports of Ostreopsis species causing fauna damage, food intoxication and respiratory illness. A resurgence of interest has also occurred in ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), a syndrome associated with the consumption of reef fish contaminated by ciguatoxins produced by the dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus in tropical and subtropical areas. To foster research on events caused by benthic microalgae, the SCOR-IOC Global Ecology and Oceanography on Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) program started a Core Research Project on Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs). During an Open Science Meeting (OSM) in 2010, scientists studying benthic and planktonic microalgae identified the main gaps of knowledge and the research, technology and infrastructure needs in the field of the ecology and oceanography of BHABs. The issues addressed during the OSM covered the state of taxonomy, sampling methods, biogeography, genetic diversity, ecology and ecophysiology of BHABs, along with the identification of research priorities and approaches to be taken in order to improve understanding and prediction of BHABs.
C1 [Zingone, Adriana] Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy.
[Berdalet, Elisa] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Mar, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
[Bienfang, Paul] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Enevoldsen, Henrik] IOC Sci & Commun Ctr Harmful Algae, Copenhaguen, Denmark.
[Kudela, Raphael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Tester, Patricia] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Zingone, A (reprint author), Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy.
EM adriana.zingone@szn.it
RI Zingone, Adriana/E-4518-2010; BERDALET, ELISA/K-6956-2014
OI Zingone, Adriana/0000-0001-5946-6532; BERDALET,
ELISA/0000-0003-1123-9706
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 16
PU ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE
PI PARIS
PA 12 RUE DE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 0181-1568
J9 CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOL
JI Cryptogam. Algol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 2
BP 225
EP 230
PG 6
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 969GG
UT WOS:000306043100020
ER
PT J
AU Van Dolan, FM
Fire, SE
Leighfield, TA
Mikulski, CM
Doucette, GJ
AF Van Dolan, Frances M.
Fire, Spencer E.
Leighfield, Tod A.
Mikulski, Christina M.
Doucette, Gregory J.
TI Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Shellfish by Receptor
Binding Assay: Collaborative Study
SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
ID POISONING TOXINS; MOUSE BIOASSAY; VALIDATION
AB A collaborative study was conducted on a microplate format receptor binding assay (RBA) for paralytic shellfish toxins (PST). The assay quantifies the composite PST toxicity in shellfish samples based on the ability of sample extracts to compete with H-3 saxitoxin (STX) diHCl for binding to voltage-gated sodium channels in a rat brain membrane preparation. Quantification of binding can be carried out using either a microplate or traditional scintillation counter; both end points were included in this study. Nine laboratories from six countries completed the study. One laboratory analyzed the samples using the precolumn oxidation HPLC method (AOAC Method 2005.06) to determine the STX congener composition. Three laboratories performed the mouse bioassay (AOAC Method 959.08). The study focused on the ability of the assay to measure the PST toxicity of samples below, near, or slightly above the regulatory limit of 800 (mu g STX diHCl equiv./kg). A total of 21 shellfish homogenates were extracted in 0.1 M HCl, and the extracts were analyzed by RBA in three assays on separate days. Samples included naturally contaminated shellfish samples of different species collected from several geographic regions, which contained varying STX congener profiles due to their exposure to different PST-producing dinoflagellate species or differences in toxin metabolism: blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) from the U.S. east and west coasts, California mussel (Mytilus califomianus) from the U.S. west coast, chorito mussel (Mytilus chiliensis) from Chile, green mussel (Perna canaliculus) from New Zealand, Atlantic surf clam (Spisula solidissima) from the U.S. east coast, butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) from the west coast of the United States, almeja clam (Venus antique) from Chile, and Atlantic sea scallop (Plactopecten magellanicus) from the U.S. east coast. All samples were provided as whole animal homogenates, except Atlantic sea scallop and green mussel, from which only the hepatopancreas was homogenized. Among the naturally contaminated samples, five were blind duplicates used for calculation of RSDr. The interlaboratory RSDR of the assay for 21 samples tested in nine laboratories was 33.1%, yielding a HorRat value of 2.0. Removal of results for one laboratory that reported systematically low values resulted in an average RSDR of 28.7% and average HorRat value of 1.8. Intralaboratory RSDr, based on five blind duplicate samples tested in separate assays, was 25.1%. RSDr obtained by individual laboratories ranged from 11.8 to 34.9%. Laboratories that are routine users of the assay performed better than nonroutine users, with an average RSDr of 17.1%. Recovery of STX from spiked shellfish homogenates was 88.1-93.3%. Correlation with the mouse bioassay yielded a slope of 1.64 and correlation coefficient (r(2)) of 0.84, while correlation with the precolumn oxidation HPLC method yielded a slope of 1.20 and an r(2) of 0.92. When samples were sorted according to increasing toxin concentration (mu g STX diHCl equiv./kg) as assessed by the mouse bioassay, the RBA returned no false negatives relative to the 800 mu g STX diHCl equiv./kg regulatory limit for shellfish. Currently, no validated methods other than the mouse bioassay directly measure a composite toxic potency for PST in shellfish. The results of this interlaboratory study demonstrate that the RBA is suitable for the routine determination of PST in shellfish in appropriately equipped laboratories.
C1 [Van Dolan, Frances M.; Fire, Spencer E.; Leighfield, Tod A.; Mikulski, Christina M.; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Van Dolan, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM Fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014
OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X
FU International Atomic Energy Agency Interregional Project [INT7017 9001];
NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program [02E0017]
FX This project was funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency
Interregional Project INT7017 9001 and NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program
Project 02E0017. FDA saxitoxin diHCl used for tritiation by IICH and SIX
diHCl reference standard (NIST RM 8642) were provided by Sherwood Hall,
FDA Office of Seafoods.
NR 14
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 25
PU AOAC INT
PI GAITHERSBURG
PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA
SN 1060-3271
EI 1944-7922
J9 J AOAC INT
JI J. AOAC Int.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 95
IS 3
BP 795
EP 812
DI 10.5740/jaoacint.CS2011_27
PG 18
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA 960CW
UT WOS:000305366600027
PM 22816272
ER
PT J
AU Forcada, J
Trathan, PN
Boveng, PL
Boyd, IL
Burns, JM
Costa, DP
Fedak, M
Rogers, TL
Southwell, CJ
AF Forcada, Jaume
Trathan, Philip N.
Boveng, Peter L.
Boyd, Ian L.
Burns, Jennifer M.
Costa, Daniel P.
Fedak, Michael
Rogers, Tracey L.
Southwell, Colin J.
TI Responses of Antarctic pack-ice seals to environmental change and
increasing krill fishing
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctic pack-ice seals; Climate change; Fisheries management; Habitat
change; Krill; Uncertainty
ID CRAB-EATER SEALS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; EAST ANTARCTICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
SCOTIA SEA; POPULATION-CHANGES; HYDRURGA-LEPTONYX; HABITAT SELECTION;
EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR
AB The compound effects of changing habitats, ecosystem interactions, and fishing practices have implications for the management of Antarctic krill and conservation of its predators. For Antarctic pack-ice seals, an important group of krill predators, we estimate the density and krill consumption in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP)-Western Weddell Sea area, the main fishery region; and we consider long-term changes in suitable pack-ice habitat, increased fishing pressure and potential krill declines based upon predictions from declines in sea ice cover. More than 3 million crabeater seals consumed over 12 million tonnes of krill each year. This was approximately 17% of the krill standing stock. The highest densities of pack ice seals where found in the WAP, including in its small-scale fishery management areas, where apparently suitable seal habitat has declined by 21-28% over a 30 year period, where krill density is likely to have declined, and fishing has increased. The highest seal density was found in the Marguerite Bay area which is a source of krill for the Antarctic Peninsula and elsewhere. Significant sea-ice loss since 1979 has already occurred, leading to open water and possible expansion for the fishery in the future. These factors may combine to potentially reduce food for pack ice seals. Therefore, high uncertainty in krill and seal stock trends and in their environmental drivers call for a precautionary management of the krill fishery, in the absence of survey data to support management based on specific conservation objectives for pack-ice seals. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Forcada, Jaume; Trathan, Philip N.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Boveng, Peter L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Boyd, Ian L.; Fedak, Michael] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
[Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Rogers, Tracey L.] Univ New S Wales, Evolut & Ecol Res Ctr, Sch BEES, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
[Southwell, Colin J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm Water Heritage & Arts, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.
RP Forcada, J (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
EM jfor@bas.ac.uk
RI Fedak, Michael/B-3987-2009; Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013
OI Fedak, Michael/0000-0002-9569-1128; Rogers, Tracey/0000-0002-7141-4177;
FU Natural Environment Research Council; BAS core science programme; US
National Science Foundation [OPP-9815961]; National Science Foundation
[ANT-0440687, ANT-0840375, ANT-0838937]
FX We thank a large number of people who participated or assisted in the
preparation and development of the survey and data collation. We thank
Dr. Lesley Thompson and the pilots of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS)
air unit for their work. The Natural Environment Research Council funded
the survey, and this analysis was funded as part of the BAS core science
programme. Crabeater seal instrumentation was carried out under permits
of the Commonwealth of Australia Antarctic Seals Conservation
Regulations and was approved by the Antarctic Animal Ethics Committee.
Leopard seal handling was authorized and endorsed by the Australian
Antarctic Science Animal Care and Ethics Committee No. 1144. This work
was partly supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant
OPP-9815961, and additional work in the Antarctic Peninsula was
supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants ANT-0440687,
ANT-0840375, ANT-0838937, and ANT-0440687. This manuscript is
contribution No. 716 to the US GLOBEC programme.
NR 73
TC 27
Z9 29
U1 19
U2 152
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 149
IS 1
BP 40
EP 50
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.002
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 964UY
UT WOS:000305723400006
ER
PT J
AU Ablett, JM
Wilson, CJ
Phuong, NM
Koike, J
Tokei, Z
Sterbinsky, GE
Woicik, JC
AF Ablett, James M.
Wilson, Christopher J.
Nguyen Mai Phuong
Koike, Junichi
Tokei, Zsolt
Sterbinsky, George E.
Woicik, Joseph C.
TI Characterization of Chemically Vapor Deposited Manganese Barrier Layers
Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Chemical vapor deposition of manganese (CVD-Mn) on silicon dielectrics allows the growth of manganese silicate/oxide for use as an effective barrier material for Cu interconnects and is currently under intense evaluation for integration into future sub-22 nm technology. Employing fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, we explore the chemical and structural makeup of the barrier layer formation on both SiO2 and low-k dielectrics. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
C1 [Ablett, James M.] Synchrotron Soleil, Lorme Merisiers, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Wilson, Christopher J.; Tokei, Zsolt] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium.
[Nguyen Mai Phuong; Koike, Junichi] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan.
[Sterbinsky, George E.; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Synchrotron Soleil, Lorme Merisiers, BP 48, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM james.ablett@synchrotron-soleil.fr
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
DE-AC02-98CH10886. Additional support was provided by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 6
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 29
PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS
PI TOKYO
PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO,
102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0021-4922
J9 JPN J APPL PHYS
JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 5
SI SI
AR 05EB01
DI 10.1143/JJAP.51.05EB01
PN 2
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 965WJ
UT WOS:000305797900007
ER
PT J
AU Phelps, AV
Clementson, J
AF Phelps, A. V.
Clementson, J.
TI Interpretation of EUV emissions observed by Mills et al.
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRINO CONTINUUM TRANSITIONS; 10.1 NM; CUTOFFS; DISCHARGE; SPECTRUM;
IONS
AB An explanation of the so-called hydrino continuum emissions proposed by Mills and Lu, most recently in [Eur. Phys. J. D 64, 65 (2011)], is presented using conventional atomic, plasma, and discharge physics. It is argued that the observed EUV emissions during their pulsed discharges originate from transitions in ions sputtered or evaporated from the electrodes. Such an interpretation removes their justification for the introduction of hydrino particles.
C1 [Phelps, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Clementson, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Phelps, AV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM avp@jila.colorado.edu
FU JILA; United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA-27344]
FX The work of A. V. P. was supported in part by JILA. The work of J.C. was
preformed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy
by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
DE-AC52-07NA-27344. A. V. P. thanks B. W. Bach, B. W. Bach Jr., P.
Beiersdorfer, S. Fuelling, and E. Wilkinson for helpful discussions of
the properties of EUV spectrometers. He also thanks A. Gallagher for
helpful discussions and reviewing the manuscript.
NR 21
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1434-6060
J9 EUR PHYS J D
JI Eur. Phys. J. D
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 66
IS 5
AR 120
DI 10.1140/epjd/e2012-30114-5
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 958NJ
UT WOS:000305245400029
ER
PT J
AU Weilnboeck, F
Kumar, N
Oehrlein, GS
Chung, TY
Graves, D
Li, M
Hudson, EA
Benck, EC
AF Weilnboeck, F.
Kumar, N.
Oehrlein, G. S.
Chung, T. -Y.
Graves, D.
Li, M.
Hudson, E. A.
Benck, E. C.
TI Real-time measurements of plasma photoresist modifications: The role of
plasma vacuum ultraviolet radiation and ions
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID 193 NM PHOTORESIST; SURFACE INTERACTIONS; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; C4F8/AR
DISCHARGES; POLYMERS; DEGRADATION; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; DEPENDENCE
AB Plasma-induced roughness development of photoresist (PR) can be due to synergistic interactions of surface modifications introduced by ions, bulk material modifications by ultraviolet (UV)/vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation, and increased temperature. While previous work identified the individual contributions of energetic ions and UV/VUV radiation, the dynamics of the concurrent modifications remained unclear. The authors studied the interactions of plasma radiation and ions with 193 nm PR and 248 nm PR in Ar plasma by in situ ellipsometry. Ellipsometry provides valuable information on changes in film thickness and material optical properties in real-time during plasma processing. MgF2, sapphire, and glass optical filters were used to reduce the plasma-material interactions to the radiation component of a selected wavelength range in the UV/VUV spectral region. Ar plasma radiation and its transmission through different optical filters were characterized by VUV spectroscopy. This characterization allowed for the identification of the relative contribution of specific wavelength ranges to the overall material modification in direct plasmas. Exposure of 193 nm PR to plasma UV/VUV radiation led to film thickness reduction and an increase in the refractive index ((N) over tilde) which was enhanced for shorter wavelengths. For direct plasma exposure at low maximum ion energy (E-ion <= 25 eV), radiation effects dominated and bulk material modifications saturated after approximate to 30 s. By comparison, for 248 nm PR film thickness reduction and increase of (N) over tilde were modest and were only seen for UV/VUV exposure with wavelength lower than 142 nm. Both material surfaces remained relatively smooth during 60 s exposure to plasma radiation (0.3-0.6 nm RMS roughness) independent of radiation wavelengths used. For direct Ar plasma exposure involving energetic ion bombardment (E-ion <= 125 eV), a graphitic surface layer was established within 3-5 s. During this time period approximate to 30% of the saturation UV/VUV modification in the material bulk of 193 nm PR were reached, which corresponds to a 60 nm thick soft layer underneath the ion crust. For 248 nm PR less than 20% of the bulk material modification that were established in 60 s were reached during formation of the ion-crust. This corresponds to a approximate to 4 nm thick hard layer underneath the ion-modified surface. This shows that for 193 nm PR, bulk material modifications by plasma UV/VUV radiation were fast and contributed significantly to the overall material modification in the first seconds of plasma exposure, whereas UV/VUV modifications of 248 nm PR were slow and small. This material specific difference in the dynamics of material modification was in good agreement with 193 nm PR developing much higher surface roughness (approximate to 6.0 nm) than 248 nm PR (approximate to 1.6 nm) during 60 s exposure to plasma exposures involving both UV/VUV radiation and energetic ion bombardment. (C) 2012 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3697752]
C1 [Weilnboeck, F.; Kumar, N.; Oehrlein, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Weilnboeck, F.; Kumar, N.; Oehrlein, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Chung, T. -Y.; Graves, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Li, M.] Dow Elect Mat, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA.
[Hudson, E. A.] Lam Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA.
[Benck, E. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Weilnboeck, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0705953]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by
the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR-0705953. The authors
thank R.L. Bruce, M.-S. Kuo, E. Bartis, N. Fox-Lyon, D. Metzler, and S.
Shachar for helpful discussions and support of the project.
NR 51
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 16
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 30
IS 3
AR 031807
DI 10.1116/1.3697752
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 955SU
UT WOS:000305042000037
ER
PT J
AU Gentile, TR
Bales, M
Arp, U
Dong, B
Farrell, R
AF Gentile, T. R.
Bales, M.
Arp, U.
Dong, B.
Farrell, R.
TI Response of large area avalanche photodiodes to low energy x rays
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; PHOTON DETECTION; SURF-III; PERFORMANCE;
NEUTRON
AB For an experiment to study neutron radiative beta-decay, we operated large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) near liquid nitrogen temperature to detect x rays with energies between 0.2 keV and 20 keV. Whereas there are numerous reports of x ray spectrometry using APDs at energies above 1 keV, operation near liquid nitrogen temperature allowed us to reach a nominal threshold of 0.1 keV. However, due to the short penetration depth of x rays below 1 keV, the pulse height spectrum of the APD become complex. We studied the response using monochromatic x ray beams and employed phenomenological fits of the pulse height spectrum to model the measurement of a continuum spectrum from a synchrotron. In addition, the measured pulse height spectrum was modelled using a profile for the variation in efficiency of collection of photoelectrons with depth into the APD. The best results are obtained with the collection efficiency model. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4714348]
C1 [Gentile, T. R.; Arp, U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bales, M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA.
[Dong, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sotera Def Solut Inc, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Farrell, R.] RMD Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA.
RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), NIST, Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX We thank P. Shaw, A. Farrell, and the entire SURF III staff for
calculations of the SURF spectra and assistance with the measurements,
K. Moy for assistance with the U3C measurements, Lee Richter for
determination of the oxide layer thickness by ellipsometry, P. Shaw and
M. S. Dewey for critical reading of the paper, and the entire neutron
radiative decay collaboration for discussions. Use of the National
Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported
by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 5
AR 053105
DI 10.1063/1.4714348
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 952VM
UT WOS:000304821500006
PM 22667600
ER
PT J
AU Lesoine, JF
Lee, JY
Krogmeier, JR
Kang, H
Clarke, ML
Chang, R
Sackett, DL
Nossal, R
Hwang, J
AF Lesoine, John F.
Lee, Ji Youn
Krogmeier, Jeffrey R.
Kang, Hyeonggon
Clarke, Matthew L.
Chang, Robert
Sackett, Dan L.
Nossal, Ralph
Hwang, Jeeseong
TI Quantitative scheme for full-field polarization rotating fluorescence
microscopy using a liquid crystal variable retarder
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE ORIENTATIONS; MEMBRANE; SPECTROSCOPY; MICRODOMAINS
AB We present a quantitative scheme for full-field polarization rotating fluorescence microscopy. A quarter-wave plate, in combination with a liquid crystal variable retarder, provides a tunable method to rotate polarization states of light prior to its being coupled into a fluorescence microscope. A calibration of the polarization properties of the incident light is performed in order to correct for elliptical polarization states. This calibration allows the response of the sample to linear polarization states of light to be recovered. Three known polarization states of light can be used to determine the average fluorescent dipole orientations in the presence of a spatially varying dc offset or background polarization-invariant fluorescence signal. To demonstrate the capabilities of this device, we measured a series of full-field fluorescence polarization images from fluorescent analogs incorporated in the lipid membrane of Burkitts lymphoma CA46 cells. The fluorescent lipid-like analogs used in this study are molecules that are labeled by either a DiI (1,1'-Dioctadecyl 3,3,3',3'-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine) fluorophore in its head group or a Bodipy (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) molecule in its acyl chain. A spatially varying contrast in the normalized amplitude was observed on the cell surface, where the orientation of the DiI molecules is tangential to the cell membrane. The internally labeled cellular structures showed zero response to changes in linear polarization, and the net linear polarization amplitude for these regions was zero. This instrument provides a low cost calibrated method that may be coupled to existing fluorescence microscopes to perform investigations of cellular processes that involve a change in molecular orientations. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4717682]
C1 [Lesoine, John F.; Lee, Ji Youn; Krogmeier, Jeffrey R.; Kang, Hyeonggon; Clarke, Matthew L.; Chang, Robert; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lee, Ji Youn; Sackett, Dan L.; Nossal, Ralph] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jch@nist.gov
FU NIST; NIH (NIBIB)/NIST; National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and
Bioengineering of the NIH; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, NIH
FX The authors thank Dr. Maritoni Litorja, Dr. David Allen, Dr. Eric
Shirley, and Dr. Kimberly Briggman at National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and Fuyuki Tokumasu at National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) for helpful discussions and suggestions. This research was
supported by NIST Innovative Measurement Science program on optical
medical imaging. This research was performed while J.L. and J.R.K. held
National Research Council Research Associateships supported by NIH
(NIBIB)/NIST. Funding for these awards was provided by the intramural
program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and
Bioengineering of the NIH. J.F.L. held a National Research Council
Research Associateship supported by NIST. D. S. and R.N. were supported
by intramural funds of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development, NIH. Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, or materials are identified in this paper. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the materials and instruments are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 83
IS 5
AR 053705
DI 10.1063/1.4717682
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 952VM
UT WOS:000304821500029
PM 22667623
ER
PT J
AU Villanueva, W
Boettinger, WJ
McFadden, GB
Warren, JA
AF Villanueva, W.
Boettinger, W. J.
McFadden, G. B.
Warren, J. A.
TI A diffuse-interface model of reactive wetting with intermetallic
formation
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Reactive wetting; Navier-Stokes flow; Multicomponent and multiphase
model; Phase-field method; Intermetallic formation
ID DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; KINETICS; SOLIDIFICATION; STABILITY; PROGRESS;
SYSTEMS
AB A diffuse-interface model of reactive wetting with intermetallic formation is developed that incorporates fluid flow, phase change and solute diffusion. The model is based on the total molar Gibbs energy of a ternary system with four phases. Numerical simulations were performed using a mesh-adaptive finite element method, revealing the complex behavior of the reactive wetting process. The model was verified against equilibrium states derived from the classical phase diagram and from interface energy considerations. Dynamic results show that the intermetallic can either precede or follow the spreading liquid droplet, depending on the time and the choice of interface energy and kinetic coefficients. Despite this difference, the spreading rate was not affected for the cases considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Villanueva, W.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Boettinger, W. J.; Warren, J. A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM walterv@kth.se; william.boettin-ger@nist.gov;
geoffrey.mcfadden@nist.gov; james.warren@nist.gov
RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Warren, James/B-1698-2008
OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Warren,
James/0000-0001-6887-1206
NR 33
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 36
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 60
IS 9
BP 3799
EP 3814
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.03.047
PG 16
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 953CL
UT WOS:000304844400013
ER
PT J
AU Godin, OA
Goncharov, VV
Zabotin, NA
AF Godin, O. A.
Goncharov, V. V.
Zabotin, N. A.
TI Passive ocean acoustic tomography
SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENS-FUNCTIONS; AMBIENT NOISE; EMERGENCE; WAVES; ZONE
AB The possibility to apply natural acoustic ocean noise in the ocean and noise of distant vessels as sounding signals in order to determine the physical parameters of a water layer is considered in this paper. We developed the methods making it possible to suppress the non-diffuse components of noise produced, e.g., by local vessels and to account for hydrophone motion. These methods are applied to the noise records obtained in the course of a year-long experiment on long-range sound propagation in the Pacific Ocean. We confirmed experimentally our theoretical predictions as to the possibility of retrieving deterministic acoustic ray travel times in a nonuniform environment from a mutual correlation function of imperfectly diffuse (gradually anisotropic and spatially nonuniform) noise without invoking any data on its source. We performed passive measurements of sound velocity in the ocean with a relative error of about 0.1% by correlation of noise fields recorded with vertical aerials. This accuracy approaches that needed for oceanological applications. Further investigations are necessary to study the feasibility of passive acoustic tomography and thermometry in the ocean at distances of tens and hundreds of kilometers and the possibility to use simpler arrays not equipped with hydrophone positioning systems.
C1 [Godin, O. A.; Zabotin, N. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Godin, O. A.; Zabotin, N. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Goncharov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia.
RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov; Nikolay.A.Zabotin@noaa.gov
RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015
OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0100]; U.S. Civilian Research and
Development Foundation [RUP1-2978-MO-10]; Russian Foundation for Basic
Research [10-05-92515-IK_a]
FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (project no.
N00014-08-1-0100), the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation
(project no. RUP1-2978-MO-10), and the Russian Foundation for Basic
Research (project no. 10-05-92515-IK_a).
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1028-334X
J9 DOKL EARTH SCI
JI Dokl. Earth Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 444
IS 1
BP 606
EP 609
DI 10.1134/S1028334X12050029
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 953LX
UT WOS:000304870400013
ER
PT J
AU Bai, M
Miskowiec, A
Hansen, FY
Taub, H
Jenkins, T
Tyagi, M
Diallo, SO
Mamontov, E
Herwig, KW
Wang, SK
AF Bai, M.
Miskowiec, A.
Hansen, F. Y.
Taub, H.
Jenkins, T.
Tyagi, M.
Diallo, S. O.
Mamontov, E.
Herwig, K. W.
Wang, S. -K.
TI Study of water diffusion on single-supported bilayer lipid membranes by
quasielastic neutron scattering
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID DEUTERON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION; STATE
AB High-energy-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering has been used to elucidate the diffusion of water molecules in proximity to single bilayer lipid membranes supported on a silicon substrate. By varying sample temperature, level of hydration, and deuteration, we identify three different types of diffusive water motion: bulk-like, confined, and bound. The motion of bulk-like and confined water molecules is fast compared to those bound to the lipid head groups (7-10 H2O molecules per lipid), which move on the same nanosecond time scale as H atoms within the lipid molecules. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012
C1 [Bai, M.; Miskowiec, A.; Hansen, F. Y.; Taub, H.; Wang, S. -K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Bai, M.; Miskowiec, A.; Hansen, F. Y.; Taub, H.; Wang, S. -K.] Univ Missouri, Univ Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Jenkins, T.; Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tyagi, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Diallo, S. O.; Mamontov, E.; Herwig, K. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hansen, F. Y.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
[Wang, S. -K.] Ctr Comprehens Canc, Palm Springs, CA 92263 USA.
RP Bai, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
EM taubh@missouri.edu
RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Diallo,
Souleymane/B-3111-2016
OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Mamontov,
Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Diallo, Souleymane/0000-0002-3369-8391
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0705974, DGE-1069091]; NSF
[DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under
Grant Nos. DMR-0705974 and DGE-1069091 and utilized facilities supported
in part by the NSF under agreement No. DMR-0944772. A portion of this
research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source
was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank DAN A.
NEUMANN and IOAN KOSZTIN for helpful discussions.
NR 24
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 14
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 98
IS 4
AR 48006
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/98/48006
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 953XO
UT WOS:000304907300046
ER
PT J
AU Shuler, AJ
Paternoster, J
Brim, M
Nowocin, K
Tisdale, T
Neller, K
Cahill, JA
Leighfield, TA
Fire, S
Wang, ZH
Morton, S
AF Shuler, Andrew J.
Paternoster, Jeffrey
Brim, Matthew
Nowocin, Kimberly
Tisdale, Templeton
Neller, Kathleen
Cahill, Julie A.
Leighfield, Tod A.
Fire, Spencer
Wang, Zhihong
Morton, Steve
TI Spatial and temporal trends of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia in the
Southeastern Atlantic United States
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Pseudo-nitzschia, Domoic acid; Southeast; Volunteer monitoring
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; PHYTOPLANKTON;
CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; SEAWATER; BLOOM; IRON
AB Data collected by NOAA Phytoplankton Monitoring Network volunteers, from the beginning of the program (2001) through 2010, was used to assess the spatial and temporal trends of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. from North Carolina through northern Florida along the southeastern US coastline. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was present from North Carolina to Florida, and was most common in North and South Carolina. Across the majority of the Atlantic southeast US, the highest rates of occurrence were observed in late summer, early fall, with most areas experiencing the lowest rate of occurrence in the spring. The Outer Banks of North Carolina, however, experienced a peak of occurrence in late winter to early spring in addition to a late summer, early fall peak. Pseudo-nitzschia was found in temperatures ranging from less than 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C and salinities from 5 to 37. Six unique bloom events were documented during this period of nine years, three of which contained detectable levels of domoic acid. The majority of these bloom events and all of the toxic events occurred in the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Given the extent and intensity of coverage afforded by the NOAA PMN, this program provides the optimal approach to not only assess past trends but to monitor environmental changes and emerging trends in the dynamics of this toxigenic species. Understanding the dynamics of this species allows resource managers to better predict the threats associated with domoic acid. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Shuler, Andrew J.; Paternoster, Jeffrey; Brim, Matthew; Nowocin, Kimberly; Cahill, Julie A.; Leighfield, Tod A.; Fire, Spencer; Wang, Zhihong; Morton, Steve] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Tisdale, Templeton] S Carolina State Univ, Orangeburg, SC 29117 USA.
[Neller, Kathleen] First Flight High Sch, Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 USA.
[Cahill, Julie A.] N Carolina Ecosyst Enhancement Program, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Morton, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM steve.morton@noaa.gov
RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014
OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X
FU NOAA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FX The authors would like to thank all the volunteers that have contributed
data to the NOAA Phytoplankton Monitoring Network, specifically the
Grand Strand Master Gardner's Association in Myrtle Beach, SC. As well
as Marcella Turonis and the following First Flight High School
"Phyto-finders;" Leslie Home, Chelsea Elwang, Shawn Ruzzi, Jessica
Kimsey, Aubrey Briggman, Logan Wilkerson, Caren Letchford, Katie Godwin,
Kayla Gibbs, LeeAnn Swanner, Ryan Krall, Sara Ritenour, Kealey Newton,
Kate Carbocci, Kaitlyn Allsbrook, Jonelle Watson,Tyler Stublin, Justin
Robey, and Lauren Nelson. The authors would also like to thank the staff
of the National Coastal Data Development Center for developing,
maintaining, and operating the PMN database. Funding for the NOAA PMN is
provided by NOAA base funds and grants from the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 17
BP 6
EP 13
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.02.007
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 952MR
UT WOS:000304797100002
ER
PT J
AU Powell, AM
Xu, JJ
AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr.
Xu, Jianjun
TI Assessment of the relationship between the combined solar cycle/ENSO
forcings and the tropopause temperature
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tropopause temperature; Solar cycle; ENSO
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE;
ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; PACIFIC; REGION; OZONE;
REANALYSES; BEHAVIOR
AB The tropopause region of the atmosphere shows large variability over time and by region. The complex changes near the tropopause are not fully understood, especially in terms of interdecadal and interannual forcings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate forcings in the tropopause region by using microwave sounder observations and comparing the results to previous analyses.
On the basis of the satellite retrieved temperatures from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) Channel 3 (CH3) measurements which began in 1981 and continue to the current time, this analysis will assess the solar forcing and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing within the tropopause layer (300-100 hPa). The temperature variability from the combined "downward" solar forcing and the "upward" ENSO forcing have been investigated using wavelet, multiple linear regression and lag correlation analyses.
The results show that the temperature variability within the tropopause layer was dominated by 3.5-7 and 14-28 year oscillations. The temperature responses to the two forcings apparently depend on the location, season and time scale of the measurements.
The temperature response to solar forcing can be found over the Arctic and Antarctic zones in winter. On the interdecadal time scale, the temperature response to solar forcing was markedly amplified with a lag of 1-2 years or 5-7 years and was out of phase between the Arctic, and all other latitudes. Interestingly, the statistically significant response to solar forcing was only identified over the tropical central and western Pacific in summer.
The temperature response to the ENSO forcing is much stronger than the solar forcing based on the magnitude of the regression coefficients. A significant positive response occurs over most of the tropical ocean areas in winter and a negative temperature response is confined to the tropical western Pacific in summer. On the interannual time scale, the temperature response is observed within the tropical areas and reaches a positive maximum 4-5 months later, and can be identified up to 10 months later with statistically significant values. After 10 months, the response is negative. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] WWB, NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM Al.Powell@noaa.gov; Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov
RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011
OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National
Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), Center
for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and
Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and
Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this
publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an
official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 33
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U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 80
BP 21
EP 27
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.02.023
PG 7
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 953SR
UT WOS:000304894000003
ER
PT J
AU Jensen, PC
Bentzen, P
AF Jensen, Pamela C.
Bentzen, Paul
TI A MOLECULAR DISSECTION OF THE MATING SYSTEM OF THE DUNGENESS CRAB,
METACARCINUS MAGISTER (BRACHYURA: CANCRIDAE)
SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE external fertilization; genetic incompatibility; mating system;
microsatellite; multiple paternity; paternity analysis;
self-displacement; sperm competition
ID CHIONOECETES-OPILIO BRACHYURA; TERM SPERM STORAGE; CANCER-MAGISTER;
MULTIPLE PATERNITY; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; SPIDER CRAB; MAJIDAE;
COMPETITION; DECAPODA; BROODS
AB Microsatellites were used to determine paternity of Metacarcinus magister (Dana 1852), the Dungeness crab, embryos produced through controlled laboratory matings. Additionally, spermathecal and bursal sperm from mated females were genotyped to elucidate patterns of sperm storage and use. Spermathecal and bursal contents and egg clutches from female M. magister of unknown mating history were similarly analyzed. Genotyping of embryos revealed that bursal sperm are not used in fertilization. Multiple paternity was discovered in clutches from controlled matings and in 40% of clutches carried by crabs of unknown mating history. Males achieve last male sperm precedence through stratification of ejaculates within the spermatheca, but males may actually reduce their reproductive success by depositing too much sperm in the spermatheca. Stratification occasionally fails if the fresh ejaculate is large in volume, or when large volumes of stored sperm are present in the spermatheca, resulting in displacement of stored sperm towards the oviduct and multiple paternity within clutches. Sperm competition is interannual between the single primary male mate at each molt (adult females molt and mate once a year and sperm is retained across molts), and clutches fertilized with sperm as old as 2.5 years can develop to maturity. Female crabs may copulate for reasons other than to gain sperm for fertilization. Despite possessing internal sperm storage organs where oocytes first encounter sperm, the act of fertilization in M. magister may occur externally.
C1 [Jensen, Pamela C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Jensen, Pamela C.; Bentzen, Paul] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Marine Mol Biotechnol Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
RP Jensen, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Pam.Jensen@noaa.gov; Paul.Bentzen@dal.ca
FU University of Washington (UW); UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
FX Partial funding was provided by a grant from the University of
Washington (UW) Royalty Research Fund and by scholarships to PCJ from
the UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences. We thank Bernard
Sainte-Marie, Lobo Orensanz, Gregory C. Jensen, J. Frank Morado,
Frederick Schram and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the
manuscript. Due to the nature of the questions addressed, this research
required individual crabs be held in captivity for at least three years
and usually longer. We thank Paul Plesha of the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) Mukilteo Field Station for generously providing
seawater facilities for the duration of this work. Many thanks to
Gregory C. Jensen, Gregory D. Williams, Lobo Orensanz, J. Frank Morado,
Kristine Andress, James West, and Sandra O'Neill for assisting in crab
collections, Sabrina Weiner, D. J. Brassier, Casimir Rice, John
Jacobsen, Frank Sommers, Bjorn Millard, Jacob Crider and Mark Tagal for
wet lab assistance, and D. J. Brassier, G. Huston Gallager, and Dayna
Hailey for laboratory assistance. The findings and conclusions in the
paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the
views of the NMFS. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement
by the NMFS, NOAA.
NR 52
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U1 0
U2 24
PU CRUSTACEAN SOC
PI SAN ANTONIO
PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA
SN 0278-0372
J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL
JI J. Crustac. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 32
IS 3
BP 443
EP 456
DI 10.1163/193724012X626458
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 953AR
UT WOS:000304839800010
ER
PT J
AU Yoo, HW
Richter, LJ
Jung, HT
Michaels, CA
AF Yoo, Hae-Wook
Richter, Lee J.
Jung, Hee-Tae
Michaels, Chris A.
TI Surface plasmon polariton Raman microscopy
SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Raman microscopy; Surface plasmons; Chemical imaging
ID SOLAR-CELL APPLICATIONS; FOCUSED LASER-BEAM; ORDER BESSEL BEAM; BLEND
FILMS; THIN-FILMS; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; ILLUMINATION;
ENHANCEMENT
AB We report surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mediated Raman microscopy on dielectric films in contact with a Ag layer at 785 nm with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit and reasonable spectral acquisition times. The excitation and scattered photons couple to the SPP of the Ag film through a hemispherical ZnSe solid immersion lens (SIL). SPP mediated microscopy enables in situ studies of material in intimate contact with metal electrodes when optical access to the dielectric material by conventional means is unavailable. We use the prototypical organic solar cell system of a 1:1 blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) to demonstrate the new microscopy. Calculations of the electric field intensity at the metal-dielectric interface are presented that yield insight into the optimal angular coupling into the Ag SPP and the optimal Ag film thickness. SPP Raman spectra of pure P3HT films are reported for a series of samples with Ag films of varying thickness, confirming excitation via the SPP. SPP Raman images of thermally annealed blend films are presented and compared to conventional confocal Raman images. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Richter, Lee J.; Michaels, Chris A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yoo, Hae-Wook; Jung, Hee-Tae] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.michaels@nist.gov
RI Jung, Hee-Tae/C-1574-2011; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016
OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724
NR 36
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-2031
J9 VIB SPECTROSC
JI Vib. Spectrosc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 60
SI SI
BP 85
EP 91
DI 10.1016/j.vibspec.2011.12.003
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 950XR
UT WOS:000304685700015
ER
PT J
AU Furdyna, JK
Leiner, J
Liu, X
Dobrowolska, M
Lee, S
Chung, JH
Kirby, BJ
AF Furdyna, J. K.
Leiner, J.
Liu, X.
Dobrowolska, M.
Lee, S.
Chung, J. -H.
Kirby, B. J.
TI Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Semiconductor Multilayers and
Superlattices
SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT European Conference on Physics of Magnetism (PM)
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2011
CL Poznan, POLAND
SP Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, Adam Mickewicz Univ, Fac Phys
ID INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; TRILAYER STRUCTURES; MAGNETORESISTANCE;
HETEROSTRUCTURES
AB The study of ferromagnetic semiconductors continues to be of great interest because of their potential for spintronic devices. While there has been much progress in our understanding of ferromagnetic semiconductor materials - particularly of the canonical III-V system Ga1-xMnxAs - many issues still remain unresolved. One of these is the nature of interlayer exchange coupling in GaMnAs-based multilayers, an issue that is important from the point of view of possible spintronic applications. In this connection, it is important to establish under what conditions the interlayer exchange coupling between successive GaMnAs layers is antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic, since manipulation of such interlayer exchange coupling can then be directly applied to achieve giant magnetoresistance and other devices based on this material. In this review we will describe magneto-transport, magnetization, and neutron reflectometry experiments applied to two types of GaMnAs-based multilayer structures - superlattices and tri-layers - consisting of GaMnAs layers separated by non-magnetic GaAs spacers. These measurements serve to identify conditions under which AFM coupling will occur in such GaMnAs/GaAs multilayer systems, thus providing us the information which can be used for manipulating magnetization (and thus also giant magnetoresistance) in structures based on the ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs.
C1 [Furdyna, J. K.; Leiner, J.; Liu, X.; Dobrowolska, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Lee, S.; Chung, J. -H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
[Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Furdyna, JK (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
EM furdyna@nd.edu
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS
PI WARSAW
PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND
SN 0587-4246
EI 1898-794X
J9 ACTA PHYS POL A
JI Acta Phys. Pol. A
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 121
IS 5-6
BP 973
EP 980
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 952JT
UT WOS:000304789500002
ER
PT J
AU Raymond, SN
Armitage, PJ
Moro-Martin, A
Booth, M
Wyatt, MC
Armstrong, JC
Mandell, AM
Selsis, F
West, AA
AF Raymond, S. N.
Armitage, P. J.
Moro-Martin, A.
Booth, M.
Wyatt, M. C.
Armstrong, J. C.
Mandell, A. M.
Selsis, F.
West, A. A.
TI Debris disks as signposts of terrestrial planet formation II. Dependence
of exoplanet architectures on giant planet and disk properties
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE planets and satellites: formation; planets and satellites: dynamical
evolution and stability; infrared: stars; circumstellar matter; methods:
numerical; astrobiology
ID MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; SUN-LIKE
STARS; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; STEADY-STATE EVOLUTION; KUIPER-BELT;
GAS DISKS; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; ECCENTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
AB We present models for the formation of terrestrial planets, and the collisional evolution of debris disks, in planetary systems that contain multiple marginally unstable gas giants. We previously showed that in such systems, the dynamics of the giant planets introduces a correlation between the presence of terrestrial planets and cold dust, i.e., debris disks, which is particularly pronounced at lambda similar to 70 mu m. Here we present new simulations that show that this connection is qualitatively robust to a range of parameters: the mass distribution of the giant planets, the width and mass distribution of the outer planetesimal disk, and the presence of gas in the disk when the giant planets become unstable. We discuss how variations in these parameters affect the evolution. We find that systems with equal-mass giant planets undergo the most violent instabilities, and that these destroy both terrestrial planets and the outer planetesimal disks that produce debris disks. In contrast, systems with low-mass giant planets efficiently produce both terrestrial planets and debris disks. A large fraction of systems with low-mass (M less than or similar to 30 M-circle plus) outermost giant planets have final planetary separations that, scaled to the planets' masses, are as large or larger than the Saturn-Uranus and Uranus-Neptune separations in the solar system. We find that the gaps between these planets are not only dynamically stable to test particles, but are frequently populated by planetesimals. The possibility of planetesimal belts between outer giant planets should be taken into account when interpreting debris disk SEDs. In addition, the presence of similar to Earth-mass "seeds" in outer planetesimal disks causes the disks to radially spread to colder temperatures, and leads to a slow depletion of the outer planetesimal disk from the inside out. We argue that this may explain the very low frequency of > 1 Gyrold solar-type stars with observed 24 mu m excesses. Our simulations do not sample the full range of plausible initial conditions for planetary systems. However, among the configurations explored, the best candidates for hosting terrestrial planets at similar to 1 AU are stars older than 0.1-1 Gyr with bright debris disks at 70 mu m but with no currently-known giant planets. These systems combine evidence for the presence of ample rocky building blocks, with giant planet properties that are least likely to undergo destructive dynamical evolution. Thus, we predict two correlations that should be detected by upcoming surveys: an anti-correlation between debris disks and eccentric giant planets and a positive correlation between debris disks and terrestrial planets.
C1 [Raymond, S. N.; Selsis, F.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, F-33271 Floirac, France.
[Raymond, S. N.; Selsis, F.] CNRS, UMR 5804, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, F-33271 Floirac, France.
[Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Armitage, P. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Moro-Martin, A.] Ctr Astrobiol, Dept Astrophys, Madrid 28850, Spain.
[Moro-Martin, A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Booth, M.; Wyatt, M. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England.
[Booth, M.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada.
[Armstrong, J. C.] Weber State Univ, Dept Phys, Ogden, UT 84408 USA.
[Mandell, A. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[West, A. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Raymond, SN (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France.
EM raymond@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr
RI Mandell, Avi/F-9361-2012; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014;
OI Armstrong, John/0000-0003-2009-1459; Booth, Mark/0000-0001-8568-6336
FU NSF; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF's Division of Astronomical
Sciences [0807471]; European Research Council (ERC) [209622: E3ARTHs]
FX We thank the referee, Hal Levison, for a careful and thorough report
that helped us improve the paper. Simulations were run at Weber State
University and at Purdue University (supported in part by the NSF
through TeraGrid resources). S.N.R. acknowledges the CNRS's PNP and EPOV
programs, the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine, and NASA Astrobiology
Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory lead team. P.J.A. acknowledges
funding from NASA's Origins of solar systems program (NNX09AB90G),
NASA's Astrophysics Theory program (NNX11AE12G), and the NSF's Division
of Astronomical Sciences (0807471). F. S. acknowledges support from the
European Research Council (ERC Grant 209622: E3ARTHs). This paper is
dedicated to S.N.R.'s son Zachary Max Raymond, whose birth on June 14,
2011 caused a long but absolutely worthwhile delay of the publication of
this paper.
NR 127
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 0
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 541
AR A11
DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201117049
PG 25
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 946XN
UT WOS:000304390900011
ER
PT J
AU Holland, DS
Herrera, GE
AF Holland, Daniel S.
Herrera, Guillermo E.
TI The impact of age structure, uncertainty, and asymmetric spatial
dynamics on regulatory performance in a fishery metapopulation
SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Metapopulation; Spatial structure; Bioeconomic; Fishery management;
Stochasticity
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; GEORGES BANK; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN COD; ST-LAWRENCE;
NEW-ZEALAND; SCALE
AB Failure to manage the harvest of a metapopulation at its underlying ecological scale can lead to extirpation of discrete subpopulations and reduce productivity. However, it may be difficult and costly to assess and manage stocks at a finer spatial scale, and there is generally greater uncertainty about the size of substocks than about the aggregate stock. We use a two-patch, age-structured metapopulation model to compare the performance of global vs. area-specific total allowable catch constraints (TACs). The relative performance of these approaches, in terms of profits and risk of depleting subpopulations, depends upon biological, technical and economic parameters - in particular various kinds of uncertainty, aggregation of fish stocks, and the spatial dynamics of different age classes. Surprisingly, a global TAC is less risky when there is little mixing of the subpopulations, as long as target mortality rates are not set too high. The advantage of the global TAC is reduced when there is mixing and migration between the subpopulations, particularly when these dynamics are asymmetric. However, a regulator naive to the nature of the true spatial dynamics (and hence the spatially optimal target fishing mortality rates) may still be better off employing a global TAC. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Herrera, Guillermo E.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA.
RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Dan.Holland@noaa.gov; gherrera@bowdoin.edu
OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X
FU National Science Foundation; Maine Sea Grant [UM-S696]; Coupled Natural
and Human Systems (CNH) Program [0709527]
FX This work was done partly while Dan Holland was a Research Scientist
with the Gulf of Maine Research Institute and while Guillermo Herrera
was a Senior Research Fellow at the Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution. This research was funded by the National
Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program,
Award #0709527 and by Maine Sea Grant, Award #UM-S696. We are grateful
for the constructive comments of two anonymous referees.
NR 51
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8009
EI 1873-6106
J9 ECOL ECON
JI Ecol. Econ.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 77
BP 207
EP 218
DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.03.003
PG 12
WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics
GA 949NP
UT WOS:000304583200022
ER
PT J
AU Black, PE
AF Black, Paul E.
TI Static Analyzers: Seat Belts for Your Code
SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY
LA English
DT Article
C1 US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Black, PE (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM paul.black@nist.gov
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1540-7993
J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV
JI IEEE Secur. Priv.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 10
IS 3
BP 48
EP 52
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 951TZ
UT WOS:000304744200010
ER
PT J
AU Paulsen, C
McDuffie, E
Newhouse, W
Toth, P
AF Paulsen, Celia
McDuffie, Ernest
Newhouse, William
Toth, Patricia
TI NICE: Creating a Cybersecurity Workforce and Aware Public
SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Paulsen, Celia; McDuffie, Ernest; Newhouse, William; Toth, Patricia] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Initiat Cybersecur Educ, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Paulsen, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Initiat Cybersecur Educ, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM celia.paulsen@nist.gov; mcduffie@nist.gov; william.newhouse@nist.gov;
patricia.toth@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1540-7993
J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV
JI IEEE Secur. Priv.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 10
IS 3
BP 76
EP 79
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA 951TZ
UT WOS:000304744200015
ER
PT J
AU Ephrem, A
Epstein, A
Shevach, E
AF Ephrem, Amal
Epstein, Alan
Shevach, Ethan
TI The Glucocorticoid-Induced Tumor necrosis-factor related Receptor (GITR)
is a redundant costimulatory molecule for conventional T (Tconv) cells
and plays a dual role on Regulatory T cells (Treg).
SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Immunologists
CY MAY 04-08, 2012
CL Boston, MA
SP Amer Assoc Immunol
C1 [Ephrem, Amal] NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Epstein, Alan] USC, Dept Path, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Shevach, Ethan] NIH, NBS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0022-1767
J9 J IMMUNOL
JI J. Immunol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 188
PG 1
WC Immunology
SC Immunology
GA 950OX
UT WOS:000304659702286
ER
PT J
AU Nielsen, EE
Cariani, A
Mac Aoidh, E
Maes, GE
Milano, I
Ogden, R
Taylor, M
Hemmer-Hansen, J
Babbucci, M
Bargelloni, L
Bekkevold, D
Diopere, E
Grenfell, L
Helyar, S
Limborg, MT
Martinsohn, JT
McEwing, R
Panitz, F
Patarnello, T
Tinti, F
Van Houdt, JKJ
Volckaert, FAM
Waples, RS
Carvalho, GR
Albin, JEJ
Baptista, JMV
Barmintsev, V
Bautista, JM
Bendixen, C
Berge, JP
Blohm, D
Cardazzo, B
Diez, A
Espineira, M
Geffen, AJ
Gonzalez, E
Gonzalez-Lavin, N
Guarniero, I
Jerome, M
Kochzius, M
Krey, G
Mouchel, O
Negrisolo, E
Piccinetti, C
Puyet, A
Rastorguev, S
Smith, JP
Trentini, M
Verrez-Bagnis, V
Volkov, A
Zanzi, A
AF Nielsen, Einar E.
Cariani, Alessia
Mac Aoidh, Eoin
Maes, Gregory E.
Milano, Ilaria
Ogden, Rob
Taylor, Martin
Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob
Babbucci, Massimiliano
Bargelloni, Luca
Bekkevold, Dorte
Diopere, Eveline
Grenfell, Leonie
Helyar, Sarah
Limborg, Morten T.
Martinsohn, Jann T.
McEwing, Ross
Panitz, Frank
Patarnello, Tomaso
Tinti, Fausto
Van Houdt, Jeroen K. J.
Volckaert, Filip A. M.
Waples, Robin S.
Carvalho, Gary R.
Albin, Jan E. J.
Baptista, Juan M. Vieites
Barmintsev, Vladimir
Bautista, Jose M.
Bendixen, Christian
Berge, Jean-Pascal
Blohm, Dietmar
Cardazzo, Barbara
Diez, Amalia
Espinera, Montserrat
Geffen, Audrey J.
Gonzalez, Elena
Gonzalez-Lavin, Nerea
Guarniero, Ilaria
Jerome, Marc
Kochzius, Marc
Krey, Grigorius
Mouchel, Olivier
Negrisolo, Enrico
Piccinetti, Corrado
Puyet, Antonio
Rastorguev, Sergey
Smith, Jane P.
Trentini, Massimo
Verrez-Bagnis, Veronique
Volkov, Alexander
Zanzi, Antonella
CA FishPopTrace Consortium
TI Gene-associated markers provide tools for tackling illegal fishing and
false eco-certification
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION; POPULATION;
FISHERIES; ASSIGNMENT; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION
AB Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing has had a major role in the overexploitation of global fish populations. In response, international regulations have been imposed and many fisheries have been 'eco-certified' by consumer organizations, but methods for independent control of catch certificates and eco-labels are urgently needed. Here we show that, by using gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, individual marine fish can be assigned back to population of origin with unprecedented high levels of precision. By applying high differentiation single nucleotide polymorphism assays, in four commercial marine fish, on a pan-European scale, we find 93-100% of individuals could be correctly assigned to origin in policy-driven case studies. We show how case-targeted single nucleotide polymorphism assays can be created and forensically validated, using a centrally maintained and publicly available database. Our results demonstrate how application of gene-associated markers will likely revolutionize origin assignment and become highly valuable tools for fighting illegal fishing and mislabelling worldwide.
C1 [Nielsen, Einar E.; Hemmer-Hansen, Jakob; Bekkevold, Dorte; Limborg, Morten T.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Populat Ecol & Genet, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
[Cariani, Alessia; Milano, Ilaria; Tinti, Fausto; Guarniero, Ilaria; Piccinetti, Corrado; Trentini, Massimo] Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Evolutionary Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
[Cariani, Alessia; Maes, Gregory E.; Diopere, Eveline; Van Houdt, Jeroen K. J.; Volckaert, Filip A. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Biodivers & Evolutionary Genom, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
[Mac Aoidh, Eoin; Martinsohn, Jann T.; Zanzi, Antonella] EC, JRC, IPSC, I-21027 Ispra, Va, Italy.
[Milano, Ilaria; Babbucci, Massimiliano; Bargelloni, Luca; Patarnello, Tomaso; Cardazzo, Barbara; Negrisolo, Enrico] Univ Padua, Dept Publ Hlth Comparat Pathol & Vet Hyg, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy.
[Ogden, Rob; Grenfell, Leonie; McEwing, Ross] Royal Zool Soc Scotland, TRACE Wildlife Forens Network, Edinburgh EH12 6TS, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Taylor, Martin; Carvalho, Gary R.; Albin, Jan E. J.; Smith, Jane P.] Bangor Univ, Environm Ctr Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Mol Ecol & Fisheries Genet Lab, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
[Helyar, Sarah] Matis, Iceland Food & Biotech R&D, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland.
[Panitz, Frank] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
[Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Bautista, Jose M.; Diez, Amalia; Gonzalez, Elena; Puyet, Antonio] Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
[Geffen, Audrey J.] Univ Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway.
[Blohm, Dietmar; Kochzius, Marc] Univ Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.
[Berge, Jean-Pascal; Jerome, Marc; Mouchel, Olivier; Verrez-Bagnis, Veronique] IFREMER, Ctr Nantes, Dept Sci & Tech Aliment Marines, Nantes, France.
[Krey, Grigorius] NAGREF, Fish Res Inst, GR-64007 Kavala, Greece.
[Baptista, Juan M. Vieites; Espinera, Montserrat; Gonzalez-Lavin, Nerea] ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Pontevedra, Spain.
[Bendixen, Christian] Univ Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
[Barmintsev, Vladimir; Rastorguev, Sergey; Volkov, Alexander] VNIRO, Ctr Mol Genet Ident, Moscow 107140, Russia.
RP Nielsen, EE (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Populat Ecol & Genet, Vejlsovej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
EM een@aqua.dtu.dk
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; Taylor, Martin/B-4298-2013; Bautista, Jose
M./B-7899-2013; Helyar, Sarah/C-4988-2013; Diez, Amalia/I-4852-2014;
Cariani, Alessia/L-3459-2016; Panitz, Frank/A-3281-2017; VERREZ-BAGNIS,
Veronique/E-5551-2017; Gonzalez, Elena/E-4465-2013; Puyet,
Antonio/I-4720-2014; Rastorguev, Sergey/I-8703-2014; Maes,
Gregory/C-5450-2008; Limborg, Morten/B-9633-2015; Negrisolo,
Enrico/K-8124-2015;
OI Bautista, Jose M./0000-0001-8926-881X; Helyar,
Sarah/0000-0002-1600-997X; Diez, Amalia/0000-0002-2619-9252; Cariani,
Alessia/0000-0002-5513-0086; Panitz, Frank/0000-0002-6909-5162;
Gonzalez, Elena/0000-0002-4614-3889; Puyet, Antonio/0000-0002-2026-7955;
Maes, Gregory/0000-0002-1531-7321; Limborg, Morten/0000-0002-7718-6531;
Negrisolo, Enrico/0000-0002-6244-805X; BABBUCCI,
MASSIMILIANO/0000-0002-4060-4728; Berge,
Jean-Pascal/0000-0002-7851-9078; PATARNELLO, Tomaso/0000-0003-1794-5791;
Geffen, Audrey/0000-0002-6946-5282; TINTI, FAUSTO/0000-0002-8649-5387
FU European Community [KBBE 212399]; Greenland Climate Research Center;
Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
FX We are grateful to the many colleagues who collected fish samples for
this project. We thank the European Community's Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement KBBE 212399
(FishPopTrace) for financial support. E.E.N. was also supported for part
of the time by the Greenland Climate Research Center funded by the
Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation.
NR 39
TC 76
Z9 77
U1 11
U2 111
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 3
AR 851
DI 10.1038/ncomms1845
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 949XP
UT WOS:000304611400046
PM 22617291
ER
PT J
AU Liang, XZ
Xu, M
Gao, W
Reddy, KR
Kunkel, K
Schmoldt, DL
Samel, AN
AF Liang, Xin-Zhong
Xu, Min
Gao, Wei
Reddy, K. Raja
Kunkel, Kenneth
Schmoldt, Daniel L.
Samel, Arthur N.
TI A Distributed Cotton Growth Model Developed from GOSSYM and Its
Parameter Determination
SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE MODEL; WATER PRODUCTIVITY; CROSS-VALIDATION; VEGETATION MODEL;
SIMULATION-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; MAIZE YIELD; NITROGEN; LAND;
TEMPERATURE
AB Prediction of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production under a changing climate requires a coupled modeling system that represents climate-cotton interactions. The existing cotton growth model GOSSYM has drawbacks that prohibit its effective coupling with climate models. We developed a geographically distributed cotton growth model from the original GOSSYM and optimized it for coupling with the regional Climate-Weather Research Forecasting model (CWRF). This included software redesign, physics improvement, and parameter specification for consistent coupling of CWRF and GOSSYM. Through incorporation of the best available physical representations and observational estimates, the long list of inputs in the original GOSSYM was reduced to two parameters, the initial NO3 amount in the top 2 m of soil and the ratio of irrigated water amount to potential evapotranspiration. The geographic distributions of these two parameters are determined by optimization that minimizes model errors in simulating cotton yields. The result shows that the redeveloped GOSSYM realistically reproduces the geographic distribution of mean cotton yields in 30-km grids, within +/- 10% of observations across most of the U.S. Cotton Belt, whereas the original GOSSYM overestimated yields by 27 to 135% at the state level and 92% overall. Both models produced interannual yield variability with comparable magnitude; however, the temporal correspondence between modeled and observed interannual anomalies was much more realistic in the redeveloped than the original GOSSYM because significant (P = 0.05) correlations were identified in 87 and 40% of harvest grids, respectively. The redeveloped GOSSYM provides a starting point for additional improvements and applications of the coupled CWRF-GOSSYM system to study climate-cotton interactions.
C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dep Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Gao, Wei] USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dep Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA.
[Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dep Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.
RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM xliang@umd.edu
RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016;
OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Reddy, Kambham
Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300
FU USDA; Colorado State University [USDA-CREES-2009-34263-19774, G-1449-1,
USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075, G-1470-3, USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666,
G-1469-3]
FX This study benefited from constructive discussions with Carl J.
Bernacchi on crop modeling. We thank David Kristovich for valuable
comments on the manuscript. This research was mainly supported by the
USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University,
USDA-CREES-2009-34263-19774 (subawards to the University of Illinois,
G-1449-1), USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075 (subawards to the University of
Maryland, G-1470-3), and USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666 (subawards to the
University of Maryland, G-1469-3). The modeling was conducted on the
National Center for Supercomputing Applications facility. The views
expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those
of the sponsoring agencies or the affiliating institutions of the
authors.
NR 69
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0002-1962
EI 1435-0645
J9 AGRON J
JI Agron. J.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 104
IS 3
BP 661
EP 674
DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0250
PG 14
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 944WD
UT WOS:000304233600012
ER
PT J
AU Liang, XZ
Xu, M
Gao, W
Reddy, KR
Kunkel, K
Schmoldt, DL
Samel, AN
AF Liang, Xin-Zhong
Xu, Min
Gao, Wei
Reddy, K. Raja
Kunkel, Kenneth
Schmoldt, Daniel L.
Samel, Arthur N.
TI Physical Modeling of US Cotton Yields and Climate Stresses during 1979
to 2005
SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-VALIDATION; GROWTH; MODIS; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTIONS;
SIMULATIONS; REFLECTANCE; RESPONSES; ENSEMBLE; WATER
AB Climate variability and changes affect crop yields by causing climatic stresses during various stages of the plant life cycle. A crop growth model must be able to capture the observed relationships between crop yields and climate stresses before its credible use as a prediction tool. This study evaluated the ability of the geographically distributed cotton growth model redeveloped from GOSSYM in simulating U.S. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields and their responses to climate stresses during 1979 to 2005. Driven by realistic climate conditions, the model reproduced long-term mean cotton yields within +/- 10% of observations at the 30-km model resolution across virtually the entire U.S. Cotton Belt and correctly captured the critical dependence of their geographic distributions on regional climate characteristics. Significant correlations between simulated and observed interannual variations were found across 87% of the total harvest grids. The model also faithfully represented the predictive role of July to August air temperature and August to September soil temperature anomalies on interannual cotton yield changes on unirrigated lands, with a similar but weaker predictive signal for irrigated lands as observed. The modeled cotton yields exhibited large, positive correlations with July to August leaf area index. These results indicate the model's ability to depict the regional impact of climate stresses on cotton yields and suggest the potential predictive value of satellite retrievals. They also provide a baseline reference for further model improvements and applications in the future study of climate-cotton interactions.
C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong] Univ Illinois, Dep Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Liang, Xin-Zhong; Xu, Min] Univ Illinois, Inst Nat Resource Sustainabil, Div Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Gao, Wei] USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Dep Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Reddy, K. Raja] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Schmoldt, Daniel L.] USDA, Natl Inst Food & Agr, Washington, DC 20024 USA.
[Samel, Arthur N.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dep Geog, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.
RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM xliang@umd.edu
RI Gao, Wei/O-1208-2013; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016;
OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Reddy, Kambham
Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755; Xu, Min/0000-0003-3443-0300
FU USDA; Colorado State University [USDA-CSREES-2009-34263-19774, G-1449-1,
USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075, G1470-3, USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666,
G-1469-3]
FX This study benefited from constructive discussions with CarlJ. Bernacchi
on crop modeling. We thank David Kristovich for valuable comments on the
manuscript. This research was mainly supported by the USDA UV-B
Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University,
USDA-SREES-2009-34263-19774 (subawards to the University of Illinois,
G-1449-1), USDA-NIFA-2010-34263-21075 (subawards to the University of
Maryland, G1470-3), and USDA-NRI-2008-35615-04666 (subawards to the
University of Maryland, G-1469-3). The modeling was conducted at the
National Center for Supercomputing Applications facility. The views
expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those
of the sponsoring agencies or the affiliating institutions of the
authors.
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 25
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0002-1962
J9 AGRON J
JI Agron. J.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 104
IS 3
BP 675
EP 683
DI 10.2134/agronj2011.0251
PG 9
WC Agronomy
SC Agriculture
GA 944WD
UT WOS:000304233600013
ER
PT J
AU Tompkins, AM
Parker, DJ
Danour, S
Amekudzi, L
Bain, CL
Dominguez, A
Douglas, MW
Fink, AH
Grimes, DIF
Hobby, M
Knippertz, P
Lamb, PJ
Nicklin, KJ
Yorke, C
AF Tompkins, Adrian M.
Parker, Douglas J.
Danour, Sylvester
Amekudzi, Leonard
Bain, Caroline L.
Dominguez, Abdul
Douglas, Michael W.
Fink, Andreas H.
Grimes, David I. F.
Hobby, Matthew
Knippertz, Peter
Lamb, Peter J.
Nicklin, Kathryn J.
Yorke, Charles
TI THE EWIEM NIMDIE SUMMER SCHOOL SERIES IN GHANA Capacity Building in
Meteorological Education and Research-Lessons Learned and Future
Prospects
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Tompkins, Adrian M.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ICTP, Trieste, Italy.
[Parker, Douglas J.; Hobby, Matthew; Knippertz, Peter; Nicklin, Kathryn J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Danour, Sylvester; Amekudzi, Leonard] KNUST, Dept Phys, Kumasi, Ghana.
[Bain, Caroline L.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Dominguez, Abdul; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Dominguez, Abdul; Lamb, Peter J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Douglas, Michael W.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Fink, Andreas H.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany.
[Grimes, David I. F.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
[Yorke, Charles] Ghana Meteorol Agcy GMet, Accra, Ghana.
RP Tompkins, AM (reprint author), ICTP, Str Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy.
EM Tompkins@ictp.it
RI Tompkins, Adrian/N-6472-2013; Parker, Douglas/O-8051-2015; Knippertz,
Peter/D-5861-2016; Fink, Andreas/F-3024-2017
OI Tompkins, Adrian/0000-0003-0975-6691; Parker,
Douglas/0000-0003-2335-8198; Knippertz, Peter/0000-0001-9856-619X; Fink,
Andreas/0000-0002-5840-2120
FU United Kingdom's British Council/Department for Education and Skills;
Italian Government's Ministry of Education [ICTP: 241.FITU.11.G]
FX This article is dedicated to the memory of the late David Grimes, our
dear friend, colleague, and co-author, who contributed so much to
the-understanding of precipitation in Africa and to educational
outreach. The two summer schools were funded by grants from the United
Kingdom's British Council/Department for Education and Skills and the
Italian Government's Ministry of Education (grant award ICTP:
241.FITU.11.G), respectively. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science
and Technology allowed the use of many university facilities at each
school free of charge and acknowledges the efforts made by its local
support team. The following institutes generously provided equipment and
associated shipping costs: University of Cologne (Germany), NOAA
National Severe Storms Laboratory (USA), GMet, and the Universities of
Leeds and Reading (UK). Each school was supported by a large number of
European and North American lecturers, who spent time to prepare
teaching material and find travel funds; they are listed in the
electronic supplement to this article
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00098.2).
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 5
BP 595
EP 601
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00098.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 946MA
UT WOS:000304354500001
ER
PT J
AU Barnston, AG
Tippett, MK
L'Heureux, ML
Li, SH
DeWitt, DG
AF Barnston, Anthony G.
Tippett, Michael K.
L'Heureux, Michelle L.
Li, Shuhua
DeWitt, David G.
TI SKILL OF REAL-TIME SEASONAL ENSO MODEL PREDICTIONS DURING 2002-11 Is Our
Capability Increasing?
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CANONICAL CORRELATION-ANALYSIS;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NEURAL-NETWORK
MODELS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; CLIMATE
PREDICTABILITY; ATMOSPHERE MODEL
AB The low predictability of the past decade masked a gradual improvement of ENSO predictions, with skill of dynamical models now exceeding that of statistical models.
C1 [Barnston, Anthony G.; Tippett, Michael K.; Li, Shuhua; DeWitt, David G.] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia.
[L'Heureux, Michelle L.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Barnston, AG (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Earth Inst, 61 Route 9W,POB 1000, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
EM tonyb@iri.columbia.edu
RI L'Heureux, Michelle/C-7517-2013; Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011
OI L'Heureux, Michelle/0000-0002-7095-9706; Tippett,
Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA050AR4311004]
FX The authors appreciate the thoughtful comments and suggestions of the
anonymous reviewers. Klaus Wolter provided a set of penetrating and
useful comments and requests, leading to considerable improvements in
the final paper. This work was funded by a grant/cooperative agreement
from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NA050AR4311004). The views expressed are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or its subagencies.
NR 78
TC 128
Z9 131
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 5
BP 631
EP 651
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00111.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 946MA
UT WOS:000304354500004
ER
PT J
AU Chilson, PB
Frick, WF
Kelly, JF
Howard, KW
Larkin, RP
Diehl, RH
Westbrook, JK
Kelly, TA
Kunz, TH
AF Chilson, Phillip B.
Frick, Winifred F.
Kelly, Jeffrey F.
Howard, Kenneth W.
Larkin, Ronald P.
Diehl, Robert H.
Westbrook, John K.
Kelly, T. Adam
Kunz, Thomas H.
TI PARTLY CLOUDY WITH A CHANCE OF MIGRATION Weather, Radars, and
Aeroecology
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID BAT TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; NOCTURNAL BIRD MIGRATION; FREE-TAILED BATS;
DOPPLER RADAR; SURVEILLANCE RADAR; UNITED-STATES; POLARIMETRIC RADAR;
POPULATION TRENDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ECONOMIC VALUE
AB Radar observations provide a valuable means of investigating questions about ecology, abundance, and airborne movement of animals over large spatial and temporal domains, and play an important role in the transdisciplinary field of aeroecology.
C1 [Chilson, Phillip B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Frick, Winifred F.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Norman, OK USA.
[Larkin, Ronald P.] Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Diehl, Robert H.] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA.
[Westbrook, John K.] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX USA.
[Kelly, T. Adam] DeTect Inc, Panama City, FL USA.
[Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Chilson, PB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM chilson@ou.edu
RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015
OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms
Laboratory [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0326483,
DBI-0905881, IOS-0541740, EPS-0919466]; Air Force Office of Scientific
Research [FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442]
FX We are grateful to Kara Bolognini, Paul A. Heady III, Fanxing Kong,
Benjamin J. O'Neal, Danny Scipion, and Ryan Shipley for their valuable
assistance during the collection and processing of data presented in
this paper. We also appreciate the value inputs provided by three
anonymous reviewers. PBC was funded in part through the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Grant
NA08OAR4320904. THK received support from the National Science
Foundation (Grant EIA-0326483) and the Air Force Office of Scientific
Research (Grants FA9550-09-1-0415, FA9550-10-1-0442). WFF was supported
by the National Science Foundation through Grant DBI-0905881. JFK was
supported by National Science Foundation Grants IOS-0541740 and
EPS-0919466. Steve Parker provided access to his property for operation
of the NO-XP near Frio Cave. Bain Walker provided access to the Frio
Cave property.
NR 107
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 35
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 93
IS 5
BP 669
EP 686
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00099.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 946MA
UT WOS:000304354500006
ER
PT J
AU Rundio, DE
Lindley, ST
AF Rundio, David E.
Lindley, Steven T.
TI Reciprocal fluxes of stream and riparian invertebrates in a coastal
California basin with Mediterranean climate
SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Aquatic insect emergence; Food webs; Reciprocal subsidies;
Stream-riparian ecotone; Terrestrial inputs
ID LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS; FOREST FOOD WEBS; TERRESTRIAL
INVERTEBRATES; INSECT EMERGENCE; HEADWATER STREAM; PREY; SUBSIDIES;
BIOMASS; ABUNDANCE; ENERGY
AB Stream and riparian food webs are connected by reciprocal fluxes of invertebrates, and a growing number of studies demonstrate strong effects of these subsidies on consumers and food webs in both habitats. However, despite its importance in understanding energy flow between these habitats, seasonality of reciprocal subsidies has been examined only in a single temperate system in Japan. We measured input of terrestrial invertebrates and emergence of adult aquatic insects for 14 months in two adjacent streams in a coastal Mediterranean basin in California to assess seasonal patterns, annual fluxes, and local variation. Fluxes of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates fluctuated seasonally and were relatively synchronous, although in the fall of 2004, terrestrial inputs peaked 1-2 months earlier than emergence. Terrestrial inputs were similar in the two streams with annual flux of 7.9-8.6 g dry mass m(-2) year(-1). Emergence differed between the streams: annual emergence was 7.8 g m(-2) year(-1) (similar to terrestrial flux) in one reach but 5.3 g m(-2) year(-1) from the other. The presence of streambed travertine in the reach with lower emergence was the primary difference in habitat between the streams, suggesting that travertine may reduce emergence and alter net reciprocal flux. Comparison of our results with those from Japan suggests that seasonality and net annual flux of reciprocal stream-riparian subsidies vary among biomes due to differences in climate, vegetation, and geography. Our results also indicate that local factors, such as travertine, may cause reciprocal fluxes to vary at finer spatial scales.
C1 [Rundio, David E.; Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Rundio, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM dave.rundio@noaa.gov
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 56
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN
SN 0912-3814
J9 ECOL RES
JI Ecol. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 3
BP 539
EP 550
DI 10.1007/s11284-011-0920-6
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 944LW
UT WOS:000304204800006
ER
PT J
AU Katayama, N
Matsubayashi, K
Nomura, Y
Ji, S
Leao, J
Green, MA
Sato, TJ
Uwatoko, Y
Fujita, M
Yamada, K
Arita, R
Lee, SH
AF Katayama, N.
Matsubayashi, K.
Nomura, Y.
Ji, S.
Leao, J.
Green, M. A.
Sato, T. J.
Uwatoko, Y.
Fujita, M.
Yamada, K.
Arita, R.
Lee, S. -H.
TI Conductivity and incommensurate antiferromagnetism of Fe1.02Se0.10Te0.90
under pressure
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB By performing resistivity, bulk susceptibility and neutron diffraction on single crystals of Fe1.02Se0.10Te0.90 under pressure, we show that an external pressure can enhance both conductivity and magnetism simultaneously. Surprisingly, the pressure-induced magnetic order is nearly three-dimensional, and incommensurate along both the c-axis and the a-axis, which is accompanied by a structural phase separation. Our powder neutron diffraction data show that the Fe(Se, Te)(4) tetrahedron becomes more regular under pressure, which is consistent with the enhancement of the metallicity but is counterintuitive to the three-dimensional magnetic order. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2012
C1 [Katayama, N.; Ji, S.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Matsubayashi, K.; Sato, T. J.; Uwatoko, Y.] Univ Tokyo Kashiwa, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
[Nomura, Y.; Arita, R.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
[Leao, J.; Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Fujita, M.; Yamada, K.] Tohoku Univ, Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
RP Katayama, N (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM katayama@mcr.nuap.nagoya-u.ac.jp
RI Arita, Ryotaro/D-5965-2012; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Nomura,
Yusuke/B-8504-2014; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015;
Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010; Matsubayashi, Kazuyuki/F-7696-2013
OI Arita, Ryotaro/0000-0001-5725-072X; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Ji,
Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103;
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER46384]
FX Research at UVA was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering
under Award No. DE-FG02-07ER46384.
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 16
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 98
IS 3
AR 37002
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/98/37002
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 946WX
UT WOS:000304389300031
ER
PT J
AU Hurlburt, GF
Voas, J
Miller, KW
AF Hurlburt, George F.
Voas, Jeffrey
Miller, Keith W.
TI The Internet of Things: A Reality Check
SO IT PROFESSIONAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Miller, Keith W.] Univ Illinois, Springfield, IL USA.
EM ghurlburt@change-index.com; j.voas@ieee.org; miller.keith@uis.edu
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 18
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1520-9202
J9 IT PROF
JI IT Prof.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 3
BP 56
EP 59
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA 946IQ
UT WOS:000304345500012
ER
PT J
AU Imtiaz, A
Wallis, TM
Lim, SH
Tanbakuchi, H
Huber, HP
Hornung, A
Hinterdorfer, P
Smoliner, J
Kienberger, F
Kabos, P
AF Imtiaz, A.
Wallis, T. M.
Lim, S. -H.
Tanbakuchi, H.
Huber, H. -P.
Hornung, A.
Hinterdorfer, P.
Smoliner, J.
Kienberger, F.
Kabos, P.
TI Frequency-selective contrast on variably doped p-type silicon with a
scanning microwave microscope
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB We report on frequency-dependent contrast in d(S-11)/dV measurements of a variably doped p-type silicon sample in the frequency range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. The measurements were conducted with a scanning microwave microscope. The measurements were done at selected frequencies while varying the DC tip voltage. The measured d(S-11)/dV signal shows a maximum for doping concentrations (N-A) of 10(15) cm(-3)-10(16) cm(-3) at 2.3 GHz. As the microscope operating frequency is increased, this maximum sequentially "switches" through the regions of increasing dopant concentration, displaying a maximum for N-A of 10(17) cm(-3)-10(18) cm(-3) at 17.9 GHz. The frequency dependent "switching" is attributed to the physics of tip-to-sample interaction, particularly as related to the frequency-dependent local surface resistance and the depletion capacitance that control the RC time constant of tip-to-sample interaction. This provides a unique platform for local, frequency-selective, spatially resolved microwave spectroscopy of semiconducting materials. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4716026]
C1 [Imtiaz, A.; Wallis, T. M.; Lim, S. -H.; Kabos, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Tanbakuchi, H.; Kienberger, F.] Agilent Technol, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA.
[Huber, H. -P.; Hornung, A.; Hinterdorfer, P.] Univ Linz, Inst Biophys, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
[Smoliner, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Solid State Elect, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
RP Imtiaz, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM atif@boulder.nist.gov
RI Hinterdorfer, Peter/C-4235-2013
NR 24
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 4
U2 26
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 111
IS 9
AR 093727
DI 10.1063/1.4716026
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 943GY
UT WOS:000304109900076
ER
PT J
AU Jaffari, GH
Rumaiz, AK
Woicik, JC
Shah, SI
AF Jaffari, G. Hassnain
Rumaiz, A. K.
Woicik, J. C.
Shah, S. Ismat
TI Influence of oxygen vacancies on the electronic structure and magnetic
properties of NiFe2O4 thin films
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPINEL FERRITE FILMS; NICKEL FERRITE; TEMPERATURE; GLASS; SPECTROSCOPY;
MOSSBAUER; BEHAVIOR; ANGLES
AB We report stabilization of magnetic glassy state in non-stoichiometric nickel ferrite thin films prepared by pulse laser deposition. Details of electronic structure of the films are presented and compared with stoichiometric bulk counterpart. Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows significant amount of oxygen vacancies and enhanced cationic inversion for thin films. Films show spin glass (SG) features which is contrary to the usual ferrimagnetic response of the bulk nickel ferrite. Films exhibit spin freezing temperature which is above room temperature in low fields (0.1 T) and shifts to lower temperature (similar to 250 K) in the presence of a large applied field of 3 T. An exceptionally large exchange bias (EB) of 170 Oe at a significantly higher temperature (similar to 50 K) is measured in cooling field of 3 T. In comparison, bulk samples do not show exchange bias and magnetic irreversibility vanishes in significantly weaker fields (i.e., few kOe). Role of oxygen vacancies is to induce spin canting by destabilizing indirect super exchange interaction. Consequently, the spin-glass like behavior occurs that is coupled with huge suppression in saturation magnetization in the thin films. Observation of exchange bias is explained to be due to oxygen vacancies (hence non-stoichiometry) which generates random anisotropy in exchange coupled grains. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4704690]
C1 [Jaffari, G. Hassnain; Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Jaffari, G. Hassnain] Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan.
[Rumaiz, A. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Jaffari, GH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RI Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012
FU Higher Education Commission Pakistan; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX G.H.J. would like to acknowledge the support of Higher Education
Commission Pakistan under the project "Development and study of magnetic
nanostructures." Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 32
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 49
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
EI 1089-7550
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 111
IS 9
AR 093906
DI 10.1063/1.4704690
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 943GY
UT WOS:000304109900085
ER
PT J
AU Reale, T
Sun, BM
Tilley, FH
Pettey, M
AF Reale, Tony
Sun, Bomin
Tilley, Franklin H.
Pettey, Michael
TI The NOAA Products Validation System (NPROVS)
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPLEX QUALITY-CONTROL; GROUND-BASED GPS; WATER-VAPOR; ENVIRONMENTAL
PREDICTION; RADIOSONDE HEIGHTS; NATIONAL CENTERS; RETRIEVAL;
TEMPERATURES; SATELLITE; RADIATION
AB The following report summarizes the NOAA Products Validation System (NPROVS), operated at the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). NPROVS provides centralized collocation and intercomparison of multiple suites of satellite-derived atmospheric sounding products, global operational radiosonde and dropsonde observations, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) data. The report addresses the screening and processing of radiosonde and dropsonde data, the method of collocating to the respective satellite product data, and perceived characteristic differences among the respective satellite products. The analysis of characteristic tendencies among the satellite products underscores the need for absolute consistency when compiling validation datasets of respective satellite, ground target, and NWP observations in order to minimize the varying degrees of inherent differences among these systems.
The access and collocation of sonde and satellite observations occur on a daily basis with the routine archiving of all collocated data at STAR. The minimum requirement for retaining a given sonde is that the collective temperature and moisture profiles extend vertically at least 5 km without a gap. Retained reports are further processed including analysis to identify suspicious observations, temperature and moisture profile features, and impacts when applying sampling constraints. The collocation approach is optimized for each satellite system to select a single "closest" sounding from each satellite that lies within 6 h and 250 km of a given sonde. The NPROVS analytical and graphical interface provides a dual troubleshooting function to assure the integrity of collocations and validation function for intercomparing the satellite products. Results indicate notable differences in the perceived characteristic of the products systems with seasonal tendencies.
C1 [Reale, Tony] NOAA, NESDIS, Washington, DC USA.
[Sun, Bomin; Tilley, Franklin H.; Pettey, Michael] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Reale, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 701, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM tony.reale@noaa.gov
RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014
OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349
FU JPSS
FX This work was supported by the JPSS Program in conjunction with the EDR
calibration and validation of operational weather products from the NPP
polar-orbiting satellite. We specially acknowledge Dr. Mitch Goldberg,
Chief of the NOAA/STAR/Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division
(SMCD) who initially proposed the development of centralized multiple
satellite product and ground truth validation protocols as a benchmark
process at NOAA and ongoing support from our colleagues at STAR. We also
acknowledge the NOAA EMC and in particular Jack Woollen for providing
access and support for processing radiosonde observations and NCAR
including Doug Hunt for support in accessing COSMIC data. The contents
of this manuscript do not necessarily reflect any position of the U.S.
government or NOAA.
NR 33
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 5
BP 629
EP 645
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00072.1
PG 17
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 947MY
UT WOS:000304435300001
ER
PT J
AU Lakshmanan, V
Rabin, R
Otkin, J
Kain, JS
Dembek, S
AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa
Rabin, Robert
Otkin, Jason
Kain, John S.
Dembek, Scott
TI Visualizing Model Data Using a Fast Approximation of a Radiative
Transfer Model
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY-CONTROL; NEURAL-NETWORK; CLOUD COVER; RESOLUTION; PREDICTION;
PARAMETERIZATION; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION; CONVECTION; STEP
AB Visualizing model forecasts using simulated satellite imagery has proven very useful because the depiction of forecasts using cloud imagery can provide inferences about meteorological scenarios and physical processes that are not characterized well by depictions of those forecasts using radar reflectivity. A forward radiative transfer model is capable of providing such a visible-channel depiction of numerical weather prediction model output, but present-day forward models are too slow to run routinely on operational model forecasts.
It is demonstrated that it is possible to approximate the radiative transfer model using a universal approximator whose parameters can be determined by fitting the output of the forward model to inputs derived from the raw output from the prediction model. The resulting approximation is very close to the result derived from the complex radiative transfer model and has the advantage that it can be computed in a small fraction of the time required by the forward model. This approximation is carried out on model forecasts to demonstrate its utility as a visualization and forecasting tool.
C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Rabin, Robert; Kain, John S.; Dembek, Scott] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Dembek, Scott] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Otkin, Jason] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM lakshman@ou.edu
RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012
OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845
FU NOAA; NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]
FX The authors are grateful for support from the NOAA High Performance
Computing and Communication (HPCC) program, which made this project
possible. Funding for the lead author was provided under NOAA-OU
Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. We thank Tom Greenwald for his
suggestions throughout the project. We also thank Justin Sieglaff for
his suggestion to include an analysis of the NN approximation error by
reflectance value (Fig. 2).
NR 28
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U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 5
BP 745
EP 754
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00007.1
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 947MY
UT WOS:000304435300009
ER
PT J
AU Cicerone, MT
Aamer, KA
Lee, YJ
Vartiainen, E
AF Cicerone, Marcus T.
Aamer, Khaled A.
Lee, Young Jong
Vartiainen, Erik
TI Maximum entropy and time-domain Kramers-Kronig phase retrieval
approaches are functionally equivalent for CARS microspectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE CARS; Phase Retrieval; Kramers-Kronig
ID RAMAN SCATTERING MICROSCOPY; STEM-CELLS; COHERENT; SPECTROSCOPY;
SPECTRA; TISSUE; LASER; TRANSFORM
AB Phase retrieval methods are used to recover Raman spectra from multiplex and broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy signals. Two methods are in widespread use, one based on maximum entropy, and one based on a modified time-domain KramersKronig method. Here we compare these methods with respect to their ability to faithfully and robustly recover Raman spectra from coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy spectra simulated to reproduce a range of scenarios expected for experimental data and their efficiency. We find that the time-domain KramersKronig and maximum entropy approaches perform in functionally equivalent ways, having only minor differences between them. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Aamer, Khaled A.; Lee, Young Jong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Vartiainen, Erik] Lappeenranta Univ Technol, Dept Math & Phys, Lappeenranta, Finland.
RP Cicerone, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cicerone@nist.gov
RI Lee, Young Jong/B-7129-2008;
OI Lee, Young Jong/0000-0001-7754-3001; Vartiainen,
Erik/0000-0001-5850-8673
NR 30
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0377-0486
J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC
JI J. Raman Spectrosc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 43
IS 5
SI SI
BP 637
EP 643
DI 10.1002/jrs.3169
PG 7
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 943UD
UT WOS:000304149900008
ER
PT J
AU Simiu, E
Lombardo, FT
Yeo, D
AF Simiu, Emil
Lombardo, Franklin T.
Yeo, DongHun
TI Discussion of "Ultimate Wind Load Design Gust Wind Speeds in the United
States for Use in ASCE-7" by Peter J. Vickery, Dhiraj Wadhera, Jon
Galsworthy, Jon A. Peterka, Peter A. Irwin, and Lawrence A. Griffis
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID MAP; FILLIBEN,JAMES,J; WILCOX,ROSEANNE; SADEK,FAHIM; SIMIU,EMIL
C1 [Simiu, Emil; Lombardo, Franklin T.; Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lombardo, FT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM franklin.lombardo@nist.gov
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 6
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
EI 1943-541X
J9 J STRUCT ENG
JI J. Struct. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 138
IS 5
BP 660
EP 661
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000145
PG 2
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 941AC
UT WOS:000303933200013
ER
PT J
AU Soler, T
Han, JY
Smith, D
AF Soler, Tomas
Han, Jen-Yu
Smith, Dru
TI Local Accuracies
SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Local accuracies; Adjustment of data; Variance-covariance matrices
ID RIGOROUS ESTIMATION
AB The objective of this case study is to evaluate the different approximations in the technical literature that are used to compute the variance-covariance matrix of local accuracies. This analysis compares the rigor and validity of the four most common mathematical formulations that are used for computing the variance-covariance matrix of local accuracies, as determined from the original global Cartesian variance-covariance matrix Sigma((x,y,z)) of any given three-dimensional network. These empirical results, which are strictly established on the accepted definition of local accuracies (also referred to as relative accuracies), are an attempt to clarify the adopted standards for computing the variance-covariance matrices of local accuracies. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000069. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Han, Jen-Yu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, NOS, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov; jyhan@ntu.edu.tw; Dru.Smith@noaa.gov
RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009; Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010
OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214;
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9453
J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE
JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 138
IS 2
BP 77
EP 84
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000069
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 943CV
UT WOS:000304099000004
ER
PT J
AU Klinck, H
Mellinger, DK
AF Klinck, Holger
Mellinger, David K.
TI The energy ratio mapping algorithm: A tool to improve the energy-based
detection of odontocete echolocation clicks (vol 129, pg 1807, 2011)
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Klinck, Holger] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Klinck, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM holger.klinck@oregonstate.edu
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 7
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 131
IS 5
BP 4203
EP 4203
DI 10.1121/1.3699190
PG 1
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 936PD
UT WOS:000303601600067
ER
PT J
AU Chollett, I
Muller-Karger, FE
Heron, SF
Skirving, W
Mumby, PJ
AF Chollett, Iliana
Mueller-Karger, Frank E.
Heron, Scott F.
Skirving, William
Mumby, Peter J.
TI Seasonal and spatial heterogeneity of recent sea surface temperature
trends in the Caribbean Sea and southeast Gulf of Mexico
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Remote sensing; AVHRR pathfinder; Trend detection; Spatial variability
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; ENSO TELECONNECTION; GLOBAL TREND; EL-NINO;
ECOLOGY; SATELLITE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; DISEASE
AB Recent changes in ocean temperature have impacted marine ecosystem function globally. Nevertheless, the responses have depended upon the rate of change of temperature and the season when the changes occur, which are spatially variable. A rigorous statistical analysis of sea surface temperature observations over 25 years was used to examine spatial variability in overall and seasonal temperature trends within the wider Caribbean. The basin has experienced high spatial variability in rates of change of temperature. Most of the warming has been due to increases in summer rather than winter temperatures. However, warming was faster in winter in the Loop Current area and the south-eastern Caribbean, where the annual temperature ranges have contracted. Waters off Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas had a tendency towards cooling in winter, increasing the amplitude of annual temperature ranges. These detailed patterns can be used to elucidate ecological responses to climatic change in the region. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Chollett, Iliana; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Chollett, Iliana; Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Mueller-Karger, Frank E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
[Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
RP Chollett, I (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England.
EM i.c.chollett-ordaz@ex.ac.uk
RI Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Skirving,
William/E-7927-2011
OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427
FU EU; Higher Education Funding Council for England through the ORSAS;
University of Exeter; GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research; US National
Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AV24G]; NSF [0963028]
FX Funding for this effort was provided by the EU Future of Reefs in a
Changing Environment (FORCE) project, the Higher Education Funding
Council for England through the ORSAS scheme, the University of Exeter,
the GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research, the US National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (Grant NNX09AV24G) and NSF Grant 0963028 awarded to
FMK. We are grateful to Digna Rueda (University of South Florida) and
several anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The contents of
this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not
constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of
NOAA or the US Government.
NR 77
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U1 1
U2 32
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 64
IS 5
BP 956
EP 965
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.016
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 946FZ
UT WOS:000304338200024
PM 22406045
ER
PT J
AU Jordan, SP
Kobayashi, H
Nagaj, D
Nishimura, H
AF Jordan, Stephen P.
Kobayashi, Hirotada
Nagaj, Daniel
Nishimura, Harumichi
TI ACHIEVING PERFECT COMPLETENESS IN CLASSICAL-WITNESS QUANTUM
MERLIN-ARTHUR PROOF SYSTEMS
SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems; perfect completeness
ID COMPLEXITY; GAMES
AB This paper proves that classical-witness quantum Merlin-Arthur proof systems can achieve perfect completeness. That is, QCMA = QCMA(1). This holds under any gate set with which the Hadamard and arbitrary classical reversible transformations can be exactly implemented, e.g., {Hadamard, Toffoli, NOT}. The proof is quantumly nonrelativizing, and uses a simple but novel quantum technique that additively adjusts the success probability, which may be of independent interest.
C1 [Jordan, Stephen P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kobayashi, Hirotada] Natl Inst Informat, Principles Informat Res Div, Tokyo, Japan.
[Nagaj, Daniel] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Res Ctr Quantum Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia.
[Nishimura, Harumichi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Math & Informat Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan.
RP Jordan, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Nagaj, Daniel/D-4753-2013
OI Nagaj, Daniel/0000-0001-8370-9952
FU Sherman Fairchild Foundation; NSF [PHY-0803371]; Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science [21300002, 21244007, 23246071]; Slovak Research and
Development Agency [LPP-0430-09]; European project Q-ESSENCE; Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan
[22700014]; [APVV-0646-10]
FX The authors thank Jake Taylor, Michele Mosca, and Pawel Wocjan for
useful discussions, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on
the earlier version of this paper. Part of this work was performed while
SJ was at the Institute for Quantum Computation at Caltech. He
gratefully acknowledges the support he received from the Sherman
Fairchild Foundation and NSF grant PHY-0803371 and thanks the Slovak
Academy of Sciences for hospitality. HK is partially supported by the
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 21300002 of the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science. DN gratefully acknowledges support
from the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract No.
LPP-0430-09, from the project APVV-0646-10, and European project
Q-ESSENCE. HN is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research (A) Nos. 21244007 and 23246071 of the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science and the Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) No.
22700014 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology in Japan.
NR 30
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Z9 6
U1 0
U2 2
PU RINTON PRESS, INC
PI PARAMUS
PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA
SN 1533-7146
J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT
JI Quantum Inform. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5-6
BP 461
EP 471
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields;
Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 946TU
UT WOS:000304380700007
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, KQ
Liu, HQ
Li, YP
Xu, HZ
Shen, J
Rhome, J
Smith, TJ
AF Zhang, Keqi
Liu, Huiqing
Li, Yuepeng
Xu, Hongzhou
Shen, Jian
Rhome, Jamie
Smith, Thomas J., III
TI The role of mangroves in attenuating storm surges
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE storm surges; mangroves; bioshields; Hurricane Wilma; surge modeling
ID EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; VEGETATION BIOSHIELDS; COASTAL VEGETATION;
NATURAL DISASTERS; LIGHTNING STRIKES; PROTECTIVE ROLE; REAL-TIME;
TSUNAMI; HURRICANES; FORESTS
AB Field observations and numerical simulations indicate that the 6-to-30-km-wide mangrove forest along the Gulf Coast of South Florida effectively attenuated storm surges from a Category 3 hurricane, Wilma, and protected the inland wetland by reducing an inundation area of 1800 km(2) and restricting surge inundation inside the mangrove zone. The surge amplitude decreases at a rate of 40-50 cm/km across the mangrove forest and at a rate of 20 cm/km across the areas with a mixture of mangrove islands with open water. In contrast, the amplitudes of storm surges at the front of the mangrove zone increase by about 10-30% because of the "blockage" of mangroves to surge water, which can cause greater impacts on structures at the front of mangroves than the case without mangroves. The mangrove forest can also protect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone against surge inundation from a Category 5 hurricane with a fast forward speed of 11.2 m/s (25 mph). However, the forest cannot fully attenuate storm surges from a Category 5 hurricane with a slow forward speed of 2.2 m/s (5 mph) and reduced surges can still affect the wetlands behind the mangrove zone. The effects of widths of mangrove zones on reducing surge amplitudes are nonlinear with large reduction rates (15-30%) for initial width increments and small rates (<5%) for subsequent width increments. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Keqi] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Zhang, Keqi; Liu, Huiqing; Li, Yuepeng; Xu, Hongzhou] Florida Int Univ, Int Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Shen, Jian] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Rhome, Jamie] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
[Smith, Thomas J., III] US Geol Survey, SE Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Zhang, KQ (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
EM zhangk@fiu.edu
FU NOM [NA09NWS4680018]; USGS; Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems
Program
FX Drs. Keqi Zhang, Huiqing Liu, Yuepeng Li, and Hongzhou Xu were supported
by a NOM grant NA09NWS4680018. Dr. T.J. Smith III was supported by both
the USGS Ecosystems Theme and Climate and Land Use Change Theme. He also
received support from the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems
Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 52
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U1 11
U2 77
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 102
BP 11
EP 23
DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.02.021
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 936ZN
UT WOS:000303628900002
ER
PT J
AU Allen, RA
AF Allen, Richard A.
TI Special Section on the International Conference on Microelectronic Test
Structures
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Allen, Richard A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Allen, Richard A.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
RP Allen, RA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM richard.allen@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0894-6507
J9 IEEE T SEMICONDUCT M
JI IEEE Trans. Semicond. Manuf.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 2
BP 129
EP 129
DI 10.1109/TSM.2011.2181675
PG 1
WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 941WS
UT WOS:000303999400001
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, MA
Seo, H
Xie, SP
Scott, JD
AF Alexander, Michael A.
Seo, Hyodae
Xie, Shang Ping
Scott, James D.
TI ENSO's Impact on the Gap Wind Regions of the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Ocean
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; COSTA-RICA DOME;
EL-NINO; ROSSBY WAVES; NORTH PACIFIC; WARM POOL; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS;
ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; CENTRAL-AMERICA
AB The recently released NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) is used to examine the response to ENSO in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean (NETP) during 1979-2009. The normally cool Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with wind jets through the gaps in the Central American mountains at Tehuantepec, Papagayo, and Panama are substantially warmer (colder) than the surrounding ocean during El Nino (La Nina) events. Ocean dynamics generate the ENSO-related SST anomalies in the gap wind regions as the surface fluxes damp the SSTs anomalies, while the Ekman heat transport is generally in quadrature with the anomalies. The ENSO-driven warming is associated with large-scale deepening of the thermocline; with the cold thermocline water at greater depths during El Nino in the NETP, it is less likely to be vertically mixed to the surface, particularly in the gap wind regions where the thermocline is normally very close to the surface. The thermocline deepening is enhanced to the south of the Costa Rica Dome in the Papagayo region, which contributes to the local ENSO-driven SST anomalies. The NETP thermocline changes are due to coastal Kelvin waves that initiate westward-propagating Rossby waves, and possibly ocean eddies, rather than by local Ekman pumping. These findings were confirmed with regional ocean model experiments: only integrations that included interannually varying ocean boundary conditions were able to simulate the thermocline deepening and localized warming in the NETP during El Nino events; the simulation with variable surface fluxes, but boundary conditions that repeated the seasonal cycle, did not.
C1 [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Seo, Hyodae] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Xie, Shang Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Xie, Shang Ping] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM michael.alexander@noaa.gov
RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009
OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Xie,
Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325
FU NOAA office of Global Programs; NSF Climate and Global Dynamics
Division; NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Team
FX This research was supported by grants from the NOAA office of Global
Programs and the NSF Climate and Global Dynamics Division. We thank
Justin Small for his insightful comments on atmosphere and ocean
processes in the gap wind regions, and Bo Qiu, Weiqing Han, and Baylor
Fox-Kemper for their insights on Rossby wave propagation in the NETP. We
also acknowledge the support from the NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science
Team.
NR 57
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Z9 9
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 10
BP 3549
EP 3565
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00320.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 942IL
UT WOS:000304037400006
ER
PT J
AU Chen, MY
Wang, WQ
Kumar, A
Wang, H
Jha, B
AF Chen, Mingyue
Wang, Wanqiu
Kumar, Arun
Wang, Hui
Jha, Bhaskar
TI Ocean Surface Impacts on the Seasonal-Mean Precipitation over the
Tropical Indian Ocean
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; TEMPERATURE
ANOMALIES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; FORECAST SYSTEM; SUMMER MONSOON; DIPOLE
MODE; ENSO; PACIFIC
AB This study analyzes factors affecting the predictability of seasonal-mean precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean. The analysis focuses on the contributions from the local sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the Indian Ocean, the remote SST forcing related to ENSO in the tropical eastern Pacific, and the role of local air-sea coupling. To understand the impacts of the individual factors, the prediction skill over the tropical Indian Ocean for four model simulations, but with different treatments for the ocean, are compared. The seasonality in precipitation skill, the local precipitation-SST relationship, and prediction skill related to Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) are examined. It is found that the importance of the accuracy of local SST and the presence of local air-sea coupling in the Indian Ocean has a strong seasonal dependence. Accurate local SSTs are important during the boreal fall season, whereas the local air-sea coupling is important during the boreal spring. The precipitation skill over the Indian Ocean during boreal winter is primarily from ENSO. However, ENSO impacts are better realized with the inclusion of an interactive ocean. For all four seasons, the simulation without the interannual variations of local SST in the Indian Ocean shows the least precipitation skill and a much weaker seasonality. It is also found that, for the simulation where the global SSTs are relaxed to the observations and hence maintain some level of active air-sea coupling, the observed seasonal cycle of precipitation-SST relationship is reproduced reasonably well. In addition, the analysis also shows that simulations with accurate SST forcing display high precipitation skill during strong IODM events, indicating that IODM SST acts as a forcing for the atmospheric variability.
C1 [Chen, Mingyue; Wang, Wanqiu; Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA NWS NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Wang, Hui; Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Chen, MY (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, CPC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM mingyue.chen@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008
NR 49
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 10
BP 3566
EP 3582
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00318.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 942IL
UT WOS:000304037400007
ER
PT J
AU Aiyyer, A
Mekonnen, A
Schreck, CJ
AF Aiyyer, Anantha
Mekonnen, Ademe
Schreck, Carl J., III
TI Projection of Tropical Cyclones on Wavenumber-Frequency-Filtered
Equatorial Waves
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; DISTURBANCES; CYCLOGENESIS; BRIGHTNESS;
PACIFIC
AB The impact of localized convection associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) on activity ascribed to equatorial waves is estimated. An algorithm is used to remove outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) signal in the vicinity of observed tropical cyclones, and equatorial wave modes are extracted using the standard wavenumber-frequency decomposition method. The results suggest that climatological activity of convection-coupled equatorial waves is overestimated where TC tracks are densest. The greatest impact is found for equatorial Rossby (ER)- and tropical depression (TD)-type waves followed by the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). The basins most affected are the eastern and western North Pacific Ocean where, on average, TCs may contribute up to 10%-15% of the climatological wave amplitude variance in these modes. In contrast, Kelvin waves are least impacted by the projection of TCs. The results are likely relevant for studies on the climatology of equatorial waves in observations and global climate model simulations and for those examining individual cases of TC genesis modulated by equatorial wave activity.
C1 [Aiyyer, Anantha] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Mekonnen, Ademe] N Carolina A&T Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Greensboro, NC USA.
[Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
[Schreck, Carl J., III] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Aiyyer, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM aaiyyer@ncsu.edu
RI Aiyyer, Anantha/A-4295-2012; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011;
OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754; Aiyyer, Anantha/0000-0002-9706-956X
FU NSF [ATM-0847323]
FX This work was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0847323. We thank Dr.
George Kiladis and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive
suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript.
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 10
BP 3653
EP 3658
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00451.1
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 942IL
UT WOS:000304037400015
ER
PT J
AU Sharda, V
Srivastava, P
Ingram, K
Chelliah, M
Kalin, L
AF Sharda, V.
Srivastava, P.
Ingram, K.
Chelliah, M.
Kalin, L.
TI Quantification of El Nino Southern Oscillation impact on precipitation
and streamflows for improved management of water resources in Alabama
SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE composite analysis; correlation; El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO);
precipitation; streamflow
ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; RIVER-BASIN; ENSO; TEMPERATURE;
PATTERNS; RAINFALL; FLOW; US; ATMOSPHERE
AB There is increased pressure on the water resources of the southeastern United States due to the rapidly growing population of the region. This pressure is further exacerbated by the severe seasonal to interannual climate variability this region experiences, most of which has been attributed to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Understanding the regional impacts of ENSO on precipitation and streamflow is a valuable tool for water resource managers in the region. This study was undertaken to develop a clear picture of the effect of ENSO on observed precipitation and streamflow anomalies in Alabama to help managers in the state with decision making. The effect of ENSO on precipitation in eight climate divisions of Alabama was assessed using 59 years (1950 to 2008) of monthly historical data. In addition, eight unimpaired streams (one in each climate division) were selected to study the relationship between ENSO and streamflow. Results indicate a significant relationship between ENSO and precipitation as well as between ENSO and streamflow. However, different parts of the state respond differently to ENSO. For precipitation, it was found that the relationship is significant during winter months with dry conditions being associated with La Nina in the southern climate divisions. A fairly strong relationship was also found during other months. Streamflows show high variability and positive correlation during winter months in the southern climate divisions. The results obtained can provide a basis for water resource managers in Alabama to incorporate climate variability caused by ENSO in their decision making related to soil and water conservation.
C1 [Sharda, V.; Srivastava, P.] Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Ingram, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, SE Climate Consortium, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Chelliah, M.] Natl Ocean & Atomospher Adm Sci Ctr, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Kalin, L.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RP Sharda, V (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Biosyst Engn Dept, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
RI Srivastava, Puneet/F-8390-2014
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA); National Integrated
Drought Information System (NIDIS)
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the funding provided by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA) Sectoral Applications Research
Program (SARP) and the National Integrated Drought Information System
(NIDIS) for this research.
NR 41
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 10
PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC
PI ANKENY
PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA
SN 0022-4561
J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV
JI J. Soil Water Conserv.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 67
IS 3
BP 158
EP 172
DI 10.2489/jswc.67.3.158
PG 15
WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources
GA 944FW
UT WOS:000304185700007
ER
PT J
AU O'Neill, SM
Beckwith, K
Begelman, MC
AF O'Neill, Sean M.
Beckwith, Kris
Begelman, Mitchell C.
TI Local simulations of instabilities in relativistic jets - I. Morphology
and energetics of the current-driven instability
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE instabilities; MHD; methods: numerical; pulsars: general; galaxies: jets
ID UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC CYLINDRICAL FLOWS;
ELECTRON-POSITRON JET; CURRENT-CARRYING JETS; DOUBLE RADIO-SOURCES;
GAMMA-RAY FLARES; FORCE-FREE JETS; ASTROPHYSICAL JETS; MAGNETIC-FIELD;
CRAB-NEBULA
AB We present the results of a numerical investigation of current-driven instability (CDI) in magnetized jets. Utilizing the well-tested, relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code ATHENA, we construct an ensemble of local, comoving plasma columns in which initial radial force balance is achieved through various combinations of magnetic, pressure and rotational forces. We then examine the resulting flow morphologies and energetics to determine the degree to which these systems become disrupted, the amount of kinetic energy amplification attained and the non-linear saturation behaviours. Our most significant finding is that the details of initial force balance have a pronounced effect on the resulting flow morphology. Models in which the initial magnetic field is force-free deform, but do not become disrupted. Systems that achieve initial equilibrium by balancing pressure gradients and/or rotation against magnetic forces, however, tend to shred, mix and develop turbulence. In all cases, the linear growth of CDI is well represented by analytic models. CDI-driven kinetic energy amplification is slower and saturates at a lower value in force-free models than in those that feature pressure gradients and/or rotation. In rotating columns, we find that magnetized regions undergoing rotational shear are driven towards equipartition between kinetic and magnetic energies. We show that these results are applicable for a large variety of physical parameters, but we caution that algorithmic decisions (such as choice of Riemann solver) can affect the evolution of these systems more than physically motivated parameters.
C1 [O'Neill, Sean M.; Beckwith, Kris; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[O'Neill, Sean M.; Beckwith, Kris; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sean.m.oneill@jila.colorado.edu; kris.beckwith@jila.colorado.edu;
mitch@jila.colorado.edu
FU NASA ATP [NNX09AG02G]; NSF [AST-0907872, CNS-0821794]; National Science
Foundation through XSEDE resources at the Texas Advanced Computing
Center [TG-AST090106]; University of Colorado Boulder
FX We thank the anonymous referee for his/her helpful comments. We
acknowledge the support of NASA ATP grant NNX09AG02G and NSF grant
AST-0907872. This research was also supported in part by the National
Science Foundation through XSEDE resources at the Texas Advanced
Computing Center (TG-AST090106). This work also utilized the Janus
supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation
(award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The
Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado
Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for
Atmospheric Research. Visualization utilized VISIT, a visualization
suite developed and maintained by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory.
NR 61
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 422
IS 2
BP 1436
EP 1452
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20721.x
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 940SG
UT WOS:000303912800045
ER
PT J
AU Kohler, S
Begelman, MC
Beckwith, K
AF Kohler, Susanna
Begelman, Mitchell C.
Beckwith, Kris
TI Recollimation boundary layers in relativistic jets
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrodynamics; relativistic processes; shock waves; galaxies: active;
galaxies: jets
ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE ACCRETION; RADIO-SOURCES;
HYDRODYNAMIC COLLIMATION; MAGNETIC ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS; FLOWS;
CONFINEMENT; INSTABILITY; STABILITY
AB We study the collimation of relativistic hydrodynamic jets by the pressure of an ambient medium in the limit where the jet interior has lost causal contact with its surroundings. For a jet with an ultrarelativistic equation of state and external pressure that decreases as a power of spherical radius, p ? r-?, the jet interior will lose causal contact when ? > 2. However, the outer layers of the jet gradually collimate towards the jet axis as long as ? < 4, leading to the formation of a shocked boundary layer. Assuming that pressure matching across the shock front determines the shape of the shock, we study the resulting structure of the jet in two ways: first by assuming that the pressure remains constant across the shocked boundary layer and looking for solutions to the shock jump equations, and then by constructing self-similar boundary-layer solutions that allow for a pressure gradient across the shocked layer. We demonstrate that the constant-pressure solutions can be characterized by four initial parameters that determine the jet shape and whether the shock closes to the axis. We show that self-similar solutions for the boundary layer can be constructed that exhibit a monotonic decrease in pressure across the boundary layer from the contact discontinuity to the shock front, and that the addition of this pressure gradient in our initial model generally causes the shock front to move outwards, creating a thinner boundary layer and decreasing the tendency of the shock to close. We discuss trends based on the value of the pressure power-law index ?.
C1 [Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Beckwith, Kris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.; Beckwith, Kris] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kohler, Susanna; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Kohler, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kohlers@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu;
kris.beckwith@jila.colorado.edu
FU NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA
FX We thank Greg Salvesen, Sean O'Neill and Jake Simon for valuable
discussions, Francois Hebert for numerical computation advice and
Krzysztof Nalewajko for comments on this manuscript. This work was
supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907872 and NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray
Space Telescope Guest Investigator programme.
NR 30
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 422
IS 3
BP 2282
EP 2290
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20776.x
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 939YZ
UT WOS:000303858400033
ER
PT J
AU Simon, JB
Beckwith, K
Armitage, PJ
AF Simon, Jacob B.
Beckwith, Kris
Armitage, Philip J.
TI Emergent mesoscale phenomena in magnetized accretion disc turbulence
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion; accretion discs; instabilities; MHD; turbulence
ID ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSPORT; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; ZERO NET FLUX;
MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS;
CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; SHEARING BOX; PROTOPLANETARY DISCS; STRATIFIED
DISKS; ISOTHERMAL DISKS
AB We study how the structure and variability of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in accretion discs converge with domain size. Our results are based on a series of vertically stratified local simulations, computed using the athena MHD code, that have fixed spatial resolution, but varying radial and azimuthal extent (from ?R= 0.5H to 16H, where H is the vertical scale height). We show that elementary local diagnostics of the turbulence, including the ShakuraSunyaev a parameter, the ratio of Maxwell stress to magnetic energy and the ratio of magnetic to fluid stresses, converge to within the precision of our measurements for spatial domains of radial size Lx= 2H. We obtain a? 0.020.03, consistent with other recent determinations. Very small domains (Lx= 0.5H) return anomalous results, independent of spatial resolution. This convergence with domain size, however, is only valid for a limited set of diagnostics: larger spatial domains admit the emergence of dynamically important mesoscale structures. In our largest simulations, the Maxwell stress shows a significant large-scale non-local component, while the density develops long-lived axisymmetric perturbations (zonal flows) at the 20 per cent level. Most strikingly, the variability of the disc in fixed-sized patches decreases strongly as the simulation volume increases, while variability in the magnetically dominated corona remains constant. Comparing our largest local simulations to global simulations with comparable spatial resolution, we find generally good agreement. There is no direct evidence that the presence of curvature terms or radial gradients in global calculations materially affect the turbulence, except to perhaps introduce an outer radial scale for mesoscale structures. The demonstrated importance of mean magnetic fields seen in both large local and global simulations implies, however, that the growth and saturation of these fields is likely of critical importance for the evolution of accretion discs.
C1 [Simon, Jacob B.; Beckwith, Kris; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Simon, Jacob B.; Beckwith, Kris; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jbsimon@jila.colorado.edu; kris.beckwith@jila.colorado.edu;
pja@jilau1.colorado.edu
FU NSF [AST-0807471, AST-0907872]; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF
through Texas Advanced Computing Center; National Institute for
Computational Science [TG-AST090106]
FX We thank Mitch Begelman, Charles Gammie, Julian Krolik, Omer Blaes,
Shigenobu Hirose, Kareem Sorathia, Jim Stone, Xioayue Guan, Shane Davis
and John Hawley for useful discussions and advice. We also thank an
anonymous referee for useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
This work was supported by the NSF under grant numbers AST-0807471 and
AST-0907872, and by NASA under grant numbers NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G.
This research was supported in part by the NSF through TeraGrid
resources provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center and the
National Institute for Computational Science under grant number
TG-AST090106. We also acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center at
The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC and visualization
resources that have contributed to the research results reported within
this paper. Computations were also performed on Kraken at the National
Institute for Computational Sciences.
NR 51
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 422
IS 3
BP 2685
EP 2700
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20835.x
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 939YZ
UT WOS:000303858400071
ER
PT J
AU Ponti, G
Fender, RP
Begelman, MC
Dunn, RJH
Neilsen, J
Coriat, M
AF Ponti, G.
Fender, R. P.
Begelman, M. C.
Dunn, R. J. H.
Neilsen, J.
Coriat, M.
TI Ubiquitous equatorial accretion disc winds in black hole soft states
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion disc; blackhole physics; methods: observational;
techniques: spectroscopic; quasars: absorption lines; X-rays: binaries
ID COMPTON-HEATED WINDS; RADIATIVE-HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; ACTIVE
GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; GRO J1655-40; EMISSION-LINE;
INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; XMM-NEWTON; CORONAE; H1743-322
AB High-resolution spectra of Galactic black holes (GBHs) reveal the presence of highly ionized absorbers. In one GBH, accreting close to the Eddington limit for more than a decade, a powerful accretion disc wind is observed to be present in softer X-ray states and it has been suggested that it can carry away enough mass and energy to quench the radio jet. Here we report that these winds, which may have mass outflow rates of the order of the inner accretion rate or higher, are a ubiquitous component of the jet-free soft states of all GBHs. We furthermore demonstrate that these winds have an equatorial geometry with opening angles of few tens of degrees, and so are only observed in sources in which the disc is inclined at a large angle to the line of sight. The decrease in Fe XXV/Fe XXVI line ratio with Compton temperature, observed in the soft state, suggests a link between higher wind ionization and harder spectral shapes. Although the physical interaction between the wind, accretion flow and jet is still not fully understood, the mass flux and power of these winds and their presence ubiquitously during the soft X-ray states suggest they are fundamental components of the accretion phenomenon.
C1 [Ponti, G.; Fender, R. P.; Coriat, M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
[Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, M. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Dunn, R. J. H.] Tech Univ Munich, Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Munich, Germany.
[Neilsen, J.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Ponti, G (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
EM ponti@iasfbo.inaf.it
RI Dunn, Robert/O-5910-2016
OI Dunn, Robert/0000-0003-2469-5989
FU EU [FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279]; NASA ATP [NNX09AG02G]; NSF
[AST-0907872]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration through
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory [SV3-73016]; National Aeronautics
Space Administration [NAS8-03060]
FX The authors wish to thank L. Calvillo, M. Giustini, E. Koerding, C.
Knigge and G. Dubus for discussion. This research has made use of data
obtained from the Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku and RXTE satellites. GP
acknowledges support via an EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship
under contract no. FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279. MCB acknowledges support
from NASA ATP grant NNX09AG02G and NSF grant AST-0907872. JN
acknowledges additional support from the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
contract SV3-73016 to MIT for support of the Chandra X-ray Center, which
is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on
behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract
NAS8-03060.
NR 41
TC 95
Z9 95
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-8711
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 422
IS 1
BP L11
EP L15
DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01224.x
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 940SE
UT WOS:000303912600003
ER
PT J
AU Batchelder, HP
Mackas, DL
O'Brien, TD
AF Batchelder, Harold P.
Mackas, David L.
O'Brien, Todd D.
TI Spatial-temporal scales of synchrony in marine zooplankton biomass and
abundance patterns: A world-wide comparison
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; SURVIVAL RATES;
REGIME SHIFTS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS;
PHYSICAL-ENVIRONMENT; POPULATION SYNCHRONY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA
AB Large scale synchrony in the fluctuations of abundance or biomass of marine fish populations in regions on opposite sides of an ocean basin or in different oceans have been viewed as externally forced by correlated environmental stochasticity (e.g., common external forcing), most often as atmospheric teleconnections of basin-to-global scale atmospheric forcing, such as the Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation or the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Specific causal mechanisms have been difficult to unequivocally discover, but possible mechanisms include influences on habitat temperatures, productivity operating through bottom-up (trophodynamic) mechanisms or direct climate influence on the fish populations (top-down mechanisms). For small pelagic fishes (sardines and anchovies) in widely separated large marine ecosystems that lack obvious ocean interconnectivity, it has been argued that the teleconnections may be atmospheric, acting on the fishes directly and propagating to the ecosystem from the middle out (wasp-waist species). Zooplankton biomass or abundance time series data from >100 sites world-wide are used to examine the spatial scales of coherent temporal synchrony. If spatially correlated environmental factors (like climate) are important for creating synchrony in fish populations via bottom-up effects (trophic interactions involving fish prey, e.g., zooplankton), then we would expect to observe synchrony in fluctuations of zooplankton biomass/numbers at spatial scales similar to those found for fish species. Zooplankton biomass/abundance have 50% spatial decorrelation scales of ca. 700-1400 km and scales of significant coherence that extend to separation distances of ca. 3000 km. These are also the spatial scales of environmental (sea surface temperature) synchrony from our global analysis. These scales are slightly greater than the 50% decorrelation scales of ca. 150-700 km for recruitment synchrony in Atlantic marine fish and survival and recruitment synchrony of Northeast Pacific salmonids (150-1000 km depending on species). However, the spatial scales of synchrony of annual zooplankton biomass anomalies in the Humboldt Current, California Current and Kuroshio ecosystems of the Pacific are much too small (ca. 2000 km) to be directly causal of the basin-scale (7000-15,000 km) synchrony exhibited by sardine and/or anchovy populations in those ecosystems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Batchelder, Harold P.] Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Mackas, David L.] Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
[O'Brien, Todd D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Batchelder, HP (reprint author), Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu; Dave.Mackas@dfo-mpo.gc.ca;
Todd.Obrien@noaa.gov
FU US GLOBEC; National Science Foundation [OCE-0535378, OCE-0816358];
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [OCE-0535378,
OCE-0816358]; North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES); SCOR
FX This is a contribution of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
Working Group 125 on Global Comparisons of Zooplankton Time Series. The
authors wish to thank SCOR and the sponsors of the Associate Members of
the working group, esp. the North Pacific Marine Science Organization
(PICES; who sponsored the lead author's participation in the workshops)
for their support. Time for preparing the analysis and writing of this
paper by HPB was supported by the US GLOBEC program, which is jointly
funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (OCE-0535378; OCE-0816358). This is US GLOBEC
contribution #679. Lastly, we wish to express our sincere gratitude to
all of the scientists world-wide who contributed datasets to the SCOR
WG125 that allowed this synthesis, and to the many plankton ecologists
that had the foresight to initiate time-series collections of
zooplankton and to sustain them for many years.
NR 78
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 7
U2 56
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD MAY-JUL
PY 2012
VL 97
SI SI
BP 15
EP 30
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.11.010
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 941IX
UT WOS:000303958000002
ER
PT J
AU Weng, FZ
Liu, QH
Zou, XL
AF Weng FuZhong
Liu QuanHua
Zou XiaoLei
TI On the environmental information for solar and wind energy facilities
SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE wind energy; solar energy; predictability; assessment
ID REANALYSIS; RADIATION; SCALE; CERES; POWER
AB Wind and solar energy are projected to be major sources of the world's power in the coming decades. In this study, we first introduce satellite observations for surface solar irradiance and wind, and then discuss using the data for prediction and assessment of energy distribution. Using the current NCEP global forecast model (GFS), the global mean and standard deviation of solar power at the surface for the 5-d forecast are about 212 and 124 W/m(2), respectively. For a 24-h forecast of a 3-h mean, the relative error is about 30%, and for a prediction of the daily mean, it is about 15%. The relative error of wind power forecasts for a 24-h forecast of a 3-h mean and a daily mean is 70% and 35%, respectively. The reanalysis results based on satellite observations and numerical weather prediction model are also used to study the distribution of solar and wind energy and the variation of the distribution related to climate change. No significant trend in downward solar radiation is found at the surface in the reanalysis data sets. Surface wind power however exhibits a significant positive trend as the global temperature is warming up. A comparison of a decadal mean wind energy between two decades (from 1949 to 1958 vs. from 1999 to 2008) shows that most of Asia had experienced a decrease in surface wind energy. Therefore, decisions about renewable energy developments need to consider such climate change scenarios.
C1 [Weng FuZhong] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Liu QuanHua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Zou XiaoLei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Zou XiaoLei] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
RP Weng, FZ (reprint author), NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Fuzhong.Weng@noaa.gov
RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951600]; NOAA Center for
Satellite Applications and Research
FX The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of
the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy and
decision. Authors would like to express sincere thanks to anonymous
reviewers for helpful comments. This work was supported by National
Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951600) and NOAA Center
for Satellite Applications and Research.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7313
EI 1869-1897
J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI
JI Sci. China-Earth Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 55
IS 5
BP 796
EP 801
DI 10.1007/s11430-012-4365-8
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 940AN
UT WOS:000303862500011
ER
PT J
AU Sander, TH
Preusser, J
Mhaskar, R
Kitching, J
Trahms, L
Knappe, S
AF Sander, T. H.
Preusser, J.
Mhaskar, R.
Kitching, J.
Trahms, L.
Knappe, S.
TI Magnetoencephalography with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer
SO BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROFABRICATED VAPOR CELL; RESPONSES; BRAIN; FIELD; ROOM
AB We report on the measurement of somatosensory-evoked and spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals with a chip-scale atomic magnetometer (CSAM) based on optical spectroscopy of alkali atoms. The uncooled, fiber-coupled CSAM has a sensitive volume of 0.77 mm(3) inside a sensor head of volume 1 cm(3) and enabled convenient handling, similar to an electroencephalography (EEG) electrode. When positioned over O1 of a healthy human subject, alpha-oscillations were observed in the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the scalp surface. Furthermore, by stimulation at the right wrist of the subject, somatosensory-evoked fields were measured with the sensors placed over C3. Higher noise levels of the CSAM were partly compensated by higher signal amplitudes due to the shorter distance between CSAM and scalp. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Sander, T. H.; Trahms, L.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.
[Preusser, J.; Mhaskar, R.; Kitching, J.; Knappe, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Mhaskar, R.; Knappe, S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Sander, TH (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.
EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov
NR 32
TC 66
Z9 67
U1 5
U2 47
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2156-7085
J9 BIOMED OPT EXPRESS
JI Biomed. Opt. Express
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 5
BP 981
EP 990
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
GA 935RH
UT WOS:000303537400015
PM 22567591
ER
PT J
AU Gupta, V
Discenza, M
Guyon, JR
Kunkel, LM
Beggs, AH
AF Gupta, Vandana
Discenza, Marie
Guyon, Jeffrey R.
Kunkel, Louis M.
Beggs, Alan H.
TI alpha-Actinin-2 deficiency results in sarcomeric defects in zebrafish
that cannot be rescued by alpha-actinin-3 revealing functional
differences between sarcomeric isoforms
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE skeletal muscle; cytoskeletal; myofibrillogenesis; gene duplication;
evolution
ID ALPHA-ACTININ GENE; DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; MUSCLE METABOLISM; BINDING
PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; RECEPTOR; CLONING; MUTANT; CELLS
AB alpha-Actinins are actin-binding proteins that can be broadly divided into Ca2+-sensitive cytoskeletal and Ca2+-insensitive sarcomeric isoforms. To date, little is known about functional differences between the isoforms due to their indistinguishable activities in most in vitro assays. To identify functional differences in vivo between sarcomeric isoforms, we employed computational and molecular approaches to characterize the zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome, which contains orthologoues of each human alpha-actinin gene, including duplicated copies of actn3. Each isoform exhibits a distinct and unique pattern of gene expression as assessed by mRNA in situ hybridization, largely sharing similar expression profiles as seen in humans. The spatial conservation of expression of these genes from lower invertebrates to humans suggests that regulation and subsequent functions of these genes are conserved during evolution. Morpholino-based knockdown of the sarcomeric isoform, actn2, leads to skeletal muscle, cardiac, and ocular defects evident over the first week of development. Remarkably, despite the high degree of sequence conservation between actn2 and actn3, the phenotypes of alpha-actinin-2 deficient zebrafish can be rescued by overexpression of alpha-actinin-2 but not by alpha-actinin-3 mRNAs from zebrafish or human. These data provide functional evidence that the primary sequences of alpha-actinin-2 and alpha-actinin-3 evolved differences to optimize their functions.-Gupta, V., Discenza, M., Guyon, J. R., Kunkel, L. M., Beggs, A. H. alpha-Actinin-2 deficiency results in sarcomeric defects in zebrafish that cannot be rescued by alpha-actinin-3 revealing functional differences between sarcomeric isoforms. FASEB J. 26, 1892-1908 (2012). www.fasebj.org
C1 [Gupta, Vandana; Discenza, Marie; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Kunkel, Louis M.; Beggs, Alan H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res,Div Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Gupta, Vandana; Discenza, Marie; Guyon, Jeffrey R.; Kunkel, Louis M.; Beggs, Alan H.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res,Genom Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Guyon, Jeffrey R.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA.
RP Beggs, AH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Manton Ctr Orphan Dis Res,Div Genet, CLSB 15026,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM beggs@enders.tch.harvard.edu
FU U.S. National Institute for Child Health and Human Development; U.S.
National Institutes of Health (NIH) [NIH-P30-HD-18655]; NIH, National
Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease [R01
AR044345]; Muscular Dystrophy Association [MDA201302]; Lee and Penny
Anderson Family Foundation; William Hearst Foundation
FX The authors gratefully thank Dr. Genri Kawahara and Dr. Yukio Nakamura
(Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA) for sharing reagents. The
authors thank Ryan Darnall for technical help in these studies and Dr.
Yi Zhao for help with zebrafish genomic analysis. The authors thank
members of the A. H. B. and L. M. K. laboratories for critically reading
the manuscript. The authors also thank Chris Lawrence and Jason Best
(Zebrafish Facility, Children's Hospital Boston) for sharing their
wonderful expertise with zebrafish. Antibodies F59 and F310 (developed
by F. E. Stockdale) and MF20 (developed by D. A. Fischman) were obtained
from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank supported under the
auspices of the U.S. National Institute for Child Health and Human
Development and maintained by The University of Iowa Department of
Biology (Iowa City, IA, USA). Confocal microscopy was performed at
Children's Hospital Boston Intellectual and Developmental Disability
Research Center imaging core, supported by U.S. National Institutes of
Health (NIH) grant NIH-P30-HD-18655. This work was supported by funding
from the NIH, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and
Skin Disease (R01 AR044345), the Muscular Dystrophy Association
(MDA201302), and the Lee and Penny Anderson Family Foundation to A. H.
B. and a William Hearst Foundation fellowship to V.G.
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 4
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 5
BP 1892
EP 1908
DI 10.1096/fj.11-194548
PG 17
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
Topics; Cell Biology
GA 937TD
UT WOS:000303680800018
PM 22253474
ER
PT J
AU Blanchard, PT
Bertness, KA
Harvey, TE
Sanders, AW
Sanford, NA
George, SM
Seghete, D
AF Blanchard, Paul T.
Bertness, Kris A.
Harvey, Todd E.
Sanders, Aric W.
Sanford, Norman A.
George, Steven M.
Seghete, Dragos
TI MOSFETs Made From GaN Nanowires With Fully Conformal Cylindrical Gates
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atomic layer deposition (ALD); conformal gate; gallium nitride; MOSFETs;
nanowires
ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GROWTH;
TRANSISTORS; NUCLEATION
AB We report novel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) based on individual gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires with fully conformal cylindrical gates. The W/Al2O3 gates were deposited by atomic layer deposition. Reversebias breakdown voltages exceeded the largest gate voltage tested (-35 V). The nanowire MOSFETs showed complete pinchoff, with threshold voltages between -4 and -12V. Maximum transcon-ductances exceeded 10 mu S, and ON/OFF current ratios higher than 10(8) were measured. Significant gating hysteresis and memory effects were also present, indicative of charge traps. Although further optimization is needed, these results represent a promising step forward in the development of efficient GaN nanowire-based FETs.
C1 [Blanchard, Paul T.; Bertness, Kris A.; Harvey, Todd E.; Sanders, Aric W.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[George, Steven M.; Seghete, Dragos] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[George, Steven M.; Seghete, Dragos] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Blanchard, PT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM paul.blanchard@nist.gov; kris.bertness@nist.gov; todd.harvey@nist.gov;
aric.sanders@nist.gov; norman.sanford@nist.gov;
Steven.George@Colorado.edu; Dragos.Seghete@Colorado.edu
RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013
OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 18
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1536-125X
EI 1941-0085
J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL
JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 11
IS 3
BP 479
EP 482
DI 10.1109/TNANO.2011.2177993
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 940MV
UT WOS:000303894600010
ER
PT J
AU Zuo, ZY
Yang, S
Kumar, A
Zhang, RH
Xue, Y
Jha, B
AF Zuo, Zhiyan
Yang, Song
Kumar, Arun
Zhang, Renhe
Xue, Yan
Jha, Bhaskar
TI Role of Thermal Condition over Asia in the Weakening Asian Summer
Monsoon under Global Warming Background
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; INDIAN MONSOON; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;
SURFACE TEMPERATURES; EURASIAN CONTINENT; ENSO RELATIONSHIP; RAINFALL;
VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES
AB The large-scale Asian summer monsoon circulation has experienced a weakening tendency in recent decades. Using observed data and output from model experiments with the atmospheric component of the NCEP Climate Forecast System, the authors show that a relatively smaller warming in Asia compared to the surrounding regions may be a plausible reason for this change in the monsoon. Although the surface temperature over Asia has increased, the landmass has become a relative "heat sink" because of the larger warming in other regions of the world. Indeed, over Asia, the vertically integrated tropospheric temperature in the most recent decades is colder than that in the earlier decades, a feature different from the characteristics outside Asia.
C1 [Yang, Song; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Zuo, Zhiyan; Zhang, Renhe] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM song.yang@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40921003]; Ministry of
Science and Technology of China [2009DFA21430]; Chinese Academy of
Meteorological Sciences [2010Z001]; NOAA-CMA
FX The authors appreciate the several constructive discussions with Dr.
Dong Xiao of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Comments
from three anonymous reviewers have improved the overall quality of this
paper. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China under Grant 40921003, the International S&T
Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
under Grant 2009DFA21430, the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy
of Meteorological Sciences under Grant 2010Z001, and the NOAA-CMA
bilateral program.
NR 49
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 25
IS 9
BP 3431
EP 3436
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00742.1
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939OV
UT WOS:000303822700023
ER
PT J
AU Sanders, J
Myers, MS
Tomanek, L
Cali, A
Takvorian, PM
Kent, ML
AF Sanders, Justin
Myers, Mark S.
Tomanek, Lars
Cali, Ann
Takvorian, Peter M.
Kent, Michael L.
TI Ichthyosporidium weissii n. sp (Microsporidia) Infecting the Arrow Goby
(Clevelandia ios)
SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Electron microscopy; gonads; neoplasia; new species; parasite; phylogeny
ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; FISH; PARASITE
AB Gonadal infections by a novel microsporidium were discovered in 34% (13/38) of arrow gobies, Clevelandia ios, sampled over a 3-yr period from Morro Bay Marina in Morro Bay, California. Gonadal tumors had been reported in arrow gobies from this geographic area. The infected gonads, found primarily in females, typically appeared grossly as large, white-gray firm and lobulated masses. Histological examination revealed large, multilobate xenomas within the ovaries and no evidence of neoplasia. Typical of the genus Ichthyosporidium, the large xenomas were filled with developmental stages and pleomorphic spores. Wet mount preparations showed two general spore types: microspores with mean length of 6.2 (7.04.9, SD=0.6, N=20) mu m and mean width of 4.3 (5.32.9, SD=0.8) mu m; and less numerous macrospores with mean length of 8.5 (10.17.1, SD=1.0, N=10) mu m and mean width of 5.5 (6.24.8, SD=0.5) mu m. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated stages consistent with the genus and 3550 turns of the polar filament. Small subunit rDNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the parasite from arrow gobies was most closely related to, but distinct from Ichthyosporidium sp. based on sequences available in GenBank. We conclude that this microsporidium represents a new species of Ichthyosporidium, the first species of this genus described from a member of the family Gobiidae and from the Pacific Ocean.
C1 [Sanders, Justin; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Myers, Mark S.] NOAA Fisheries, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Tomanek, Lars] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Environm Prote Lab, Ctr Coastal Marine Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA.
[Cali, Ann; Takvorian, Peter M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Takvorian, Peter M.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA.
RP Sanders, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM Justin.Sanders@oregonstate.edu
RI Sanders, Justin/F-5977-2011
FU National Institutes of Health [NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02, NIH NCRR P40
RR12546-03S1]
FX This study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of
Health (NIH NCRR 5R24RR017386-02 and NIH NCRR P40 RR12546-03S1). We
thank Jennifer Oquendo and Sarah Johnson for fish collection, Teresa
Sawyer, Oregon State University Electron Microscopy Facility, for TEM
specimen processing and support, the OSU Veterinary Diagnostics
Laboratory and the UC Davis Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory for
histological slide preparation, and Dr. T. Peterson, Oregon State
University, for helpful comments and review of this manuscript.
NR 28
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1066-5234
J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL
JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 59
IS 3
BP 258
EP 267
DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00619.x
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 939KB
UT WOS:000303807700008
PM 22486936
ER
PT J
AU Prat, OP
Barros, AP
Testik, FY
AF Prat, Olivier P.
Barros, Ana P.
Testik, Firat Y.
TI On the Influence of Raindrop Collision Outcomes on Equilibrium Drop Size
Distributions
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLECTION-BREAKUP EQUATION; COALESCENCE EFFICIENCIES; EVOLUTION;
PARAMETERIZATIONS; REPRESENTATION; RAINFALL; VELOCITY; SPECTRA; MODEL
AB The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a new parameterization of drop-drop collision outcomes based on the relationship between Weber number and drop diameter ratios on the dynamical simulation of raindrop size distributions. Results of the simulations with the new parameterization are compared with those of the classical parameterizations. Comparison with previous results indicates on average an increase of 70% in the drop number concentration and a 15% decrease in rain intensity for the equilibrium drop size distribution (DSD). Furthermore, the drop bounce process is parameterized as a function of drop size based on laboratory experiments for the first time in a microphysical model. Numerical results indicate that drop bounce has a strong influence on the equilibrium DSD, in particular for very small drops (<0.5 mm), leading to an increase of up to 150% in the small drop number concentration (left-hand side of the DSD) when compared to previous modeling results without accounting for bounce effects.
C1 [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Barros, Ana P.] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
[Testik, Firat Y.] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Coll Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Prat, OP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM opprat@ncsu.edu
RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Barros, Ana/A-3562-2011
OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; Barros, Ana/0000-0003-4606-3106
FU Pratt School of Engineering; NASA at Duke University [NNX07AK40G,
NNX10AH66G]
FX This research was supported in part by the Pratt School of Engineering,
and NASA Grants NNX07AK40G and NNX10AH66G at Duke University with the
second author. The first author was a postdoctoral fellow in the Barros
group at Duke University when this research was conducted. The authors
express their gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable
and constructive comments.
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 5
BP 1534
EP 1546
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0192.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 936YK
UT WOS:000303625700005
ER
PT J
AU Levine, ZH
Pintar, AL
Hagedorn, JG
Fenimore, CP
Heussel, CP
AF Levine, Zachary H.
Pintar, Adam L.
Hagedorn, John G.
Fenimore, Charles P.
Heussel, Claus P.
TI Uncertainties in RECIST as a measure of volume for lung nodules and
liver tumors
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE X-ray imaging; RECIST; tumor size; volumetric measurement; LIDC database
ID RESPONSE EVALUATION CRITERIA; IMAGE DATABASE CONSORTIUM; SOLID TUMORS;
CANCER; LESIONS; LIDC
AB Purpose: The authors wish to determine the extent to which the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) can predict tumor volumes and changes in volume using clinical data.
Methods: The data presented are a reanalysis of data acquired in other studies, including the public database from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and from a study of liver tumors.
Results: The principal result is that a given RECIST diameter predicts volume to a factor of 16 or 10 for the two data sets, respectively, by examining 95% prediction bounds and that changes in volume are predicted only little better: to within a factor of 7 for the liver data. The WHO criteria reduce the prediction bounds by a factor of 1.3 in all cases. Also, the RECIST threshold of 10 mm to measure a nodule corresponds to a transition zone width of a factor of more than 2 in volume for the nodules in the LIDC database.
Conclusions: While the RECIST diameter is certainly correlated with the volume, and similarly for changes in these quantities, the use of the diameter introduces additional variation assuming volume is the quantity of interest. Exactly how much this reduces the statistical power of clinical drug trials is a key open question for future research. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3701791]
C1 [Levine, Zachary H.; Pintar, Adam L.; Hagedorn, John G.; Fenimore, Charles P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Heussel, Claus P.] Univ Heidelberg Hosp, Chest Clin, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany.
RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM zlevine@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 5
BP 2628
EP 2637
DI 10.1118/1.3701791
PG 10
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 936QE
UT WOS:000303604300033
PM 22559633
ER
PT J
AU Vigh, JL
Knaff, JA
Schubert, WH
AF Vigh, Jonathan L.
Knaff, John A.
Schubert, Wayne H.
TI A Climatology of Hurricane Eye Formation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; CONVECTIVE-SCALE
CHARACTERISTICS; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC TROUGH; INNER CORE REGION; AIRCRAFT
RECONNAISSANCE; MATURE HURRICANES; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; DVORAK TECHNIQUE;
ATLANTIC
AB This paper presents a climatology of the initial eye formations of a broad set of Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) during 1989-2008. A new dataset of structure and intensity parameters is synthesized from the vortex data messages transmitted by routine aircraft reconnaissance. Using these data together with satellite imagery and other established datasets, the times when each TC achieved various stages of eye development are tabulated to form the basis of the climatology. About 60% of Atlantic TCs form eyes. Most often, aircraft observe the eye structure before it appears in IR satellite imagery. Eyes tend to form in high potential intensity environments characterized by high sea surface temperatures and low-to-moderate environmental vertical wind shear. A notable discovery is that most (67%) TCs that form eyes tend to do so within 48 h of the cyclone's reaching tropical storm strength. This suggests the existence of an opportune time window during which a TC can readily form an eye. From the lengths of time taken to reach various stages of eye development, the characteristic time scale for eye formation is estimated to be about 36 h.
C1 [Vigh, Jonathan L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Vigh, Jonathan L.; Schubert, Wayne H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Knaff, John A.] NOAA NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Vigh, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM jvigh@ucar.edu
RI Vigh, Jonathan/B-7604-2008; Knaff, John /F-5599-2010
OI Vigh, Jonathan/0000-0001-6399-563X; Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409
FU National Science Foundation; Advanced Study Program; NCAR Earth System
Laboratory; NASA/TCSP [NNG06GA54G]; NSF [ATM-0332197, ATM-0837932]
FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the
National Science Foundation.; We owe an enormous debt to the brave
flight crews of the 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron and NOAA's
Aircraft Operation Center who put themselves at risk each time they
collect these vital data. Without their dedication and diligence, this
study would not have been possible. We thank Steve Feuer, A. Barry
Damiano, John Pavone, Chris Sisko, Christopher Juckins, Mark Zimmer,
Christopher Landsea, and Neal Dorst for their assistance in obtaining
the many VDM messages. They, along with Eric Blake, Jonathan Talbot,
Jack Parrish, and Nicholas Carrasco, graciously answered our many
questions about the VDM contents, history, and usage. Buck Sampson and
James Franklin provided information about the ATCF b-decks. We thank Ray
Zehr and Mark DeMaria for their insightful suggestions, and Mary Haley
and David Brown for their programming advice. Chris Davis, George Bryan,
Chris Rozoff, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful comments that
led to improvements in the manuscript. The first author gratefully
acknowledges the support of the Advanced Study Program and the NCAR
Earth System Laboratory. This research was supported by NASA/TCSP Grant
NNG06GA54G and by NSF Grants ATM-0332197 and ATM-0837932.
NR 41
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1405
EP 1426
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00108.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939EQ
UT WOS:000303790800001
ER
PT J
AU Rauhala, J
Brooks, HE
Schultz, DM
AF Rauhala, Jenni
Brooks, Harold E.
Schultz, David M.
TI Tornado Climatology of Finland
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID WATERSPOUTS; CLASSIFICATION; DOWNBURSTS; PREDICTION; INTENSITY;
EVOLUTION; OUTBREAK; GREECE
AB A tornado climatology for Finland is constructed from 1796 to 2007. The climatology consists of two datasets. A historical dataset (1796-1996) is largely constructed from newspaper archives and other historical archives and datasets, and a recent dataset (1997-2007) is largely constructed from eyewitness accounts sent to the Finnish Meteorological Institute and news reports. This article describes the process of collecting and evaluating possible tornado reports. Altogether, 298 Finnish tornado cases compose the climatology: 129 from the historical dataset and 169 from the recent dataset. An annual average of 14 tornado cases occur in Finland (1997-2007). A case with a significant tornado (F2 or stronger) occurs in our database on average every other year, composing 14% of all tornado cases. All documented tornadoes in Finland have occurred between April and November. As in the neighboring countries in northern Europe, July and August are the months with the maximum frequency of tornado cases, coincident with the highest lightning occurrence both over land and sea. Waterspouts tend to be favored later in the summer, peaking in August. The peak month for significant tornadoes is August. The diurnal peak for tornado cases is 1700-1859 local time.
C1 [Rauhala, Jenni; Schultz, David M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
[Schultz, David M.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Schultz, David M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki, Finland.
RP Rauhala, J (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1,POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
EM jenni.rauhala@fmi.fi
RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010
OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975
FU Vaisala Oyj; Academy of Finland [126853]
FX We thank Sylvain Joffre (Finnish Meteorological Institute) for his
comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and Pentti Pirinen
(Finnish Meteorological Institute) for providing data for Fig. 2b.
Partial funding for Schultz comes from Vaisala Oyj and Grant 126853 from
the Academy of Finland.
NR 67
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1446
EP 1456
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00196.1
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939EQ
UT WOS:000303790800003
ER
PT J
AU Jung, YS
Xue, M
Tong, MJ
AF Jung, Youngsun
Xue, Ming
Tong, Mingjing
TI Ensemble Kalman Filter Analyses of the 29-30 May 2004 Oklahoma Tornadic
Thunderstorm Using One- and Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes, with
Verification against Polarimetric Radar Data
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION;
QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; PART I; DATA
ASSIMILATION; CONVECTIVE STORMS; DOPPLER RADAR; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION;
DUAL-POLARIZATION
AB The performance of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analysis is investigated for the tornadic supercell on 29-30 May 2004 in Oklahoma using a dual-moment (DM) bulk microphysics scheme in the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) model. The comparison of results using single-moment (SM) and DM microphysics schemes evaluates the benefits of using one over the other during storm analysis. Observations from a single operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) are assimilated and a polarimetric WSR-88D in Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), is used to assess the quality of the analysis.
Analyzed reflectivity and radial velocity in the SM and DM experiments compare favorably with independent radar observations in general. However, simulated polarimetric signatures obtained from analyses using a DM scheme agree significantly better with polarimetric signatures observed by KOUN in terms of the general structure, location, and intensity of the signatures than those generated from analyses using an SM scheme.
These results demonstrate for the first time for a real supercell storm that EnKF data assimilation using a numerical model with an adequate microphysics scheme (i.e., a scheme that predicts at least two moments of the hydrometeor size distributions) is capable of producing polarimetric radar signatures similar to those seen in observations without directly assimilating polarimetric data. In such cases, the polarimetric data also serve as completely independent observations for the verification purposes.
C1 [Jung, Youngsun] Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Xue, Ming; Tong, Mingjing] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Jung, YS (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 4226,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM youngsun.jung@ou.edu
RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016
OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837
FU NSF [EEC-0313747, AGS-0802888, AGS-0608168, AGS-0750790, OCI-0905040];
NOAA [NA080AR4320904]
FX The authors thank Louis Wicker for his helpful comments and Nathan Snook
for proofreading. The authors also thank Matthew Kumjian for helpful
discussions on the KOUN data quality issue. This work was primarily
supported by NSF Grant EEC-0313747. Supplementary support was also
provided by NSF Grants AGS-0802888, AGS-0608168, AGS-0750790,
OCI-0905040, and NOAA Warn-on-Forecast Grant NA080AR4320904. The
computations were performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for
Education and Research (OSCER) and OSCER Director Henry Neeman provided
valuable technical expertise. Supercomputing resources at the Pittsburgh
Supercomputing Center and the National Center for Supercomputing
Applications were also used.
NR 60
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1457
EP 1475
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00032.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939EQ
UT WOS:000303790800004
ER
PT J
AU Chang, HL
Yuan, HL
Lin, PL
AF Chang, Hui-Ling
Yuan, Huiling
Lin, Pay-Liam
TI Short-Range (0-12 h) PQPFs from Time-Lagged Multimodel Ensembles Using
LAPS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION;
SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES; MEI-YU SEASONS; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; TAIWAN
AREA; SYSTEM; INITIALIZATION; MODEL; SKILL
AB This study pioneers the development of short-range (0-12 h) probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) in Taiwan and aims to produce the PQPFs from time-lagged multimodel ensembles using the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS). By doing so, the critical uncertainties in prediction processes can be captured and conveyed to the users. Since LAPS adopts diabatic data assimilation, it is utilized to mitigate the "spinup" problem and produce more accurate precipitation forecasts during the early prediction stage (0-6 h).
The LAPS ensemble prediction system (EPS) has a good spread skill relationship and good discriminating ability. Therefore, though it is obviously wet biased, the forecast biases can be corrected to improve the skill of PQPFs through a linear regression (LR) calibration procedure. Sensitivity experiments for two important factors affecting calibration results are also conducted: the experiments on different training samples and the experiments on the accuracy of observation data. The first point reveals that the calibration results vary with training samples. Based on the statistical viewpoint, there should be enough samples for an effective calibration. Nevertheless, adopting more training samples does not necessarily produce better calibration results. It is essential to adopt training samples with similar forecast biases as validation samples to achieve better calibration results. The second factor indicates that as a result of the inconsistency of observation data accuracy in the sea and land areas, only separate calibration for these two areas can ensure better calibration results of the PQPFs.
C1 [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Yuan, Huiling] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Chang, Hui-Ling; Lin, Pay-Liam] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan.
[Chang, Hui-Ling] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan.
RP Yuan, HL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM yuanhl@nju.edu.cn
RI Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013
FU NOAA/ESRL/GSD; LAPS system; CWB of Taiwan; Natural Science Foundation of
China [41175087]; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry
(Meteorology) [GYHY201206005]; Scientific Research Foundation for
Introduced Talent, Nanjing University [020722631003]; Priority Academic
Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
FX The NOAA/ESRL/GSD has supported the technology transfer of the PQPF
calibration technique (Yuan et al. 2008) and the LAPS system. Thanks to
Drs. Fanthune Moeng, John A. McGinley, and Yuanfu Xie, and Steve
Albersat NOAA/ESRL/GSD for facilitating the collaboration and CWB of
Taiwan for supporting this project. Thanks to Ms. Annie Reiser at
NOAA/ESRL for editing this manuscript and Dr. Chien-Ben Chou at CWB for
helpful discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their
valuable comments. The second author (H. Yuan) received the support from
Natural Science Foundation of China (41175087), the R&D Special Fund for
Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY201206005), Scientific
Research Foundation for Introduced Talent, Nanjing University
(020722631003), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu
Higher Education Institutions.
NR 44
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1496
EP 1516
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00085.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939EQ
UT WOS:000303790800006
ER
PT J
AU Wheatley, DM
Stensrud, DJ
Dowell, DC
Yussouf, N
AF Wheatley, Dustan M.
Stensrud, David J.
Dowell, David C.
Yussouf, Nusrat
TI Application of a WRF Mesoscale Data Assimilation System to Springtime
Severe Weather Events 2007-09
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS;
VERTICAL DIFFUSION; INITIAL CONDITION; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART I; TESTS;
SCHEME; PARAMETERIZATION
AB An ensemble-based data assimilation system using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) has been used to initialize forecasts of prolific severe weather events from springs 2007 to 2009. These experiments build on previous work that has shown the ability of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation to produce realistic mesoscale features, such as drylines and convectively driven cold pools, which often play an important role in future convective development. For each event in this study, severe weather parameters are calculated from an experimental ensemble forecast started from EnKF analyses, and then compared to a control ensemble forecast in which no ensemble-based data assimilation is performed. Root-mean-square errors for surface observations averaged across all events are generally smaller for the experimental ensemble over the 0-6-h forecast period. At model grid points nearest to tornado reports, the ensemble-mean significant tornado parameter (STP) and the probability that STP > 1 are often greater in the experimental 0-6-h ensemble forecasts than in the control forecasts. Likewise, the probability of mesoscale convective system (MCS) maintenance probability (MMP) is often greater with the experimental ensemble at model grid points nearest to wind reports. Severe weather forecasts can be sharpened by coupling the respective severe weather parameter with the probability of measurable rainfall at model grid points. The differences between the two ensembles are found to be significant at the 95% level, suggesting that even a short period of ensemble data assimilation can yield improved forecast guidance for severe weather events.
C1 [Wheatley, Dustan M.; Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Wheatley, Dustan M.; Stensrud, David J.; Yussouf, Nusrat] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
[Dowell, David C.] NOAA, OAR, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Wheatley, DM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM dustan.wheatley@noaa.gov
RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015;
OI Yussouf, Nusrat/0000-0003-4998-1770
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA08OAR4320904]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX The authors appreciate the help obtained from the Information Technology
Services group at NSSL in maintaining the computer systems used to
conduct this research. The authors would also like to thank staff from
the Data Assimilation Research Section (DAReS) and the National Center
for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for their user support. Funding was
provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under
NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
NR 42
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1539
EP 1557
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00106.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939EQ
UT WOS:000303790800008
ER
PT J
AU Galarneau, TJ
Hamill, TM
Dole, RM
Perlwitz, J
AF Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.
Hamill, Thomas M.
Dole, Randall M.
Perlwitz, Judith
TI A Multiscale Analysis of the Extreme Weather Events over Western Russia
and Northern Pakistan during July 2010
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAT-WAVE; UNITED-STATES; MONSOON RAINFALL; BIG THOMPSON; SUMMER;
PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; REGION; FLOOD; OSCILLATION
AB This manuscript presents a detailed multiscale analysis-using observations, model analyses, and ensemble forecasts-of the extreme heat wave over Russia and-historic floods over Pakistan during late July 2010, with an emphasis on the floods over northern Pakistan. The results show that recirculation of air and dynamically driven subsidence occurring with the intensification of the blocking anticyclone in late July 2010 were key factors for producing the exceptionally warm temperatures over western Russia. Downstream energy dispersion from the blocking region led to trough deepening northwest of Pakistan and ridge building over the Tibetan Plateau, thereby providing the linkage between the Russian heat wave and Pakistan flood events on the large scale, in agreement with previous studies.
The extratropical downstream energy dispersion and enhanced convective outflow on the large scale associated with the active phase of the Madden-Julian oscillation facilitated the formation of an intense upper-level jet northwest of Pakistan. During this same period an intense southeasterly, low-level, barrier jet like feature formed over northern Pakistan in conjunction with a westward-moving monsoon depression. This low-level jet and deep easterly flow on the equatorward flank of an anomalous anticyclone over the Tibetan Plateau further enhanced the transport of deep tropical moisture into Pakistan and produced a sustained upslope flow and an extended period of active convection, thereby providing an important contribution leading to the exceptional rainfall amounts. The deep easterly flow and intense low-level jet were features that were absent during previous convective episodes over northern Pakistan in 2010, and hence, were likely key factors in the increased severity of the late July event.
C1 [Galarneau, Thomas J., Jr.; Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hamill, Thomas M.; Dole, Randall M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Galarneau, TJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM tomjr@ucar.edu
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442
FU NOAA; CIRES
FX This study is supported by (i) NOAA's THORPEX program and (ii) a CIRES
visiting fellowship. Conversations with Rich Grumm (NOAA/NWS) and Prof.
Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University), and feedback received
during a scientific map discussion at the Physical Sciences Division in
the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory led by the lead author,
contributed to this work. Dave Vollaro (University at Albany, SUNY) is
thanked for help in processing the TRMM rainfall data. Dr. Klaus Wolter
(CIRES/University of Colorado) is thanked for collecting and tabulating
climatological rainfall information over Pakistan. Prof. Lance Bosart
(University at Albany, SUNY) is thanked for providing an informal review
on an earlier version of the manuscript. Three anonymous reviewers are
thanked for their critical comments and suggestions.
NR 56
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1639
EP 1664
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00191.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 939EQ
UT WOS:000303790800014
ER
PT J
AU Balijepalli, A
Gorman, JJ
Gupta, SK
LeBrun, TW
AF Balijepalli, Arvind
Gorman, Jason J.
Gupta, Satyandra K.
LeBrun, Thomas W.
TI Significantly Improved Trapping Lifetime of Nanoparticles in an Optical
Trap using Feedback Control
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Optical trapping; feedback control; trap lifetime; nanomanipulation;
FPGA
ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; FORCE CLAMP; TWEEZERS
AB We demonstrate an increase in trapping lifetime for optically trapped nanoparticles by more than an order of magnitude using feedback control, with no corresponding increase in beam power. Langevin dynamics simulations were used to design the control law, and this technique was then demonstrated experimentally using 100 nm gold particles and 350 nm silica particles. No particle escapes were detected with the controller on, leading to lower limits on the increase in lifetime for 100 nm gold particles of 26 times (at constant average beam power) and 22 times for 350 nm silica particles (with average beam power reduced by one-third). The approach described here can be combined with other techniques, such as counter propagating beams or higher-order optical modes, to trap the smallest nanoparticles and can be used to reduce optical heating of particles that are susceptible to photodamage, such as biological systems.
C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; LeBrun, Thomas W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Gorman, Jason J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Balijepalli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM arvind@nist.gov; lebrun@nist.gov
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 2347
EP 2351
DI 10.1021/nl300301x
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 937XE
UT WOS:000303696400030
PM 22489842
ER
PT J
AU Comes, R
Liu, HX
Kholchov, M
Kasica, R
Lu, JW
Wolf, SA
AF Comes, Ryan
Liu, Hongxue
Kholchov, Mikhail
Kasica, Richard
Lu, Jiwei
Wolf, Stuart A.
TI Directed Self-Assembly of Epitaxial CoFe2O4-BiFeO3 Multiferroic
Nanocomposites
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Directed self-assembly; multiferroics; nanocomposites; e-beam
lithography; BiFeO3; CoFe2O4
ID NANOSTRUCTURES; FILM; ANISOTROPY; CRYSTAL; GROWTH; BIFEO3; SRTIO3
AB CoFe2O4 (CFO)-BiFeO3 (BFO) nanocomposites are an intriguing option for future memory and logic technologies due to the magnetoelectric properties of the system. However, these nanocomposites form with CFO pillars randomly located within a BFO matrix, making implementation in devices difficult. To overcome this, we present a technique to produce patterned nanocomposites through self-assembly. CFO islands are patterned on Nb-doped SrTiO3 to direct the self-assembly of epitaxial CFO-BFO nanocomposites, producing square arrays of CFO pillars.
C1 [Comes, Ryan; Liu, Hongxue; Kholchov, Mikhail; Lu, Jiwei; Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Wolf, Stuart A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
[Kholchov, Mikhail] Guilford Coll, Greensboro, NC 27410 USA.
[Kasica, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Comes, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM rcomes@virginia.edu
RI Comes, Ryan/A-1957-2013
OI Comes, Ryan/0000-0002-5304-6921
FU Nano-electronics Research Initiative, NSF [DMR-08-19762]; DARPA
[HR-0011-10-1-0072]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
Fellowship
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Nano-electronics
Research Initiative, NSF (DMR-08-19762) and DARPA (HR-0011-10-1-0072).
R.C. also wishes to acknowledge funding from the National Defense
Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Research performed in part
at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for
Nanoscale Science and Technology. The authors would also like to thank
Prof. Jerrold Floro for helpful comments on the work.
NR 35
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 5
U2 109
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 2367
EP 2373
DI 10.1021/nl3003396
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 937XE
UT WOS:000303696400034
PM 22486737
ER
PT J
AU Stan, G
Krylyuk, S
Davydov, AV
Levin, I
Cook, RF
AF Stan, G.
Krylyuk, S.
Davydov, A. V.
Levin, I.
Cook, R. F.
TI Ultimate Bending Strength of Si Nanowires
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fracture strength; bending tests; Si nanowires; atomic force microscopy;
nanomanipulation
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOINDENTATION
TECHNIQUES; GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; PERFORMANCE;
PLASTICITY; FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR
AB Test platforms for the ideal strength of materials are provided by almost defect-free nanostructures (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, for example). In this work, the ultimate bending strengths of Si nanowires with radii in the 20-60 nm range were investigated by using a new bending protocol. Nanowires simply held by adhesion on flat substrates were bent through sequential atomic force microscopy manipulations. The bending states prior to failure were analyzed in great detail to measure the bending dynamics and the ultimate fracture strength of the investigated nanowires. An increase in the fracture strengths from 12 to 18 GPa was observed as the radius of nanowires was decreased from 60 to 20 nm. The large values of the fracture strength of these nanowires, although comparable with the ideal strength of Si, are explained in terms of the surface morphology of the nanowires.
C1 [Stan, G.; Levin, I.; Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Krylyuk, S.; Davydov, A. V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Krylyuk, S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 45
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 5
U2 52
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 2599
EP 2604
DI 10.1021/nl300957a
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 937XE
UT WOS:000303696400074
PM 22494191
ER
PT J
AU Choi, JH
Fafarman, AT
Oh, SJ
Ko, DK
Kim, DK
Diroll, BT
Muramoto, S
Gillen, JG
Murray, CB
Kagan, CR
AF Choi, Ji-Hyuk
Fafarman, Aaron T.
Oh, Soong Ju
Ko, Dong-Kyun
Kim, David K.
Diroll, Benjamin T.
Muramoto, Shin
Gillen, J. Greg
Murray, Christopher B.
Kagan, Cherie R.
TI Bandlike Transport in Strongly Coupled and Doped Quantum Dot Solids: A
Route to High-Performance Thin-Film Electronics
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Quantum dots; band-transport; field-effect transistor; cadmium-selenide;
doping; thermal diffusion; thiocyanate
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; COLLOIDAL SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; N-TYPE;
CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PBSE; SUPERLATTICES; INDIUM; SIZE; DIFFUSION;
CLUSTERS
AB We report bandlike transport in solution-deposited, CdSe QD thin-films with room temperature field-effect mobilities for electrons of 27 cm(2)/(V s). A concomitant shift and broadening in the QD solid optical absorption compared to that of dispersed samples is consistent with electron delocalization and measured electron mobilities. Annealing indium contacts allows for thermal diffusion and doping of the QD thin-films, shifting the Fermi energy, filling traps, and providing access to the bands. Temperature-dependent measurements show bandlike transport to 220 K on a SiO2 gate insulator that is extended to 140 K by reducing the interface trap density using an Al2O3/SiO2 gate insulator. The use of compact ligands and doping provides a pathway to high performance, solution-deposited QD electronics and optoelectronics.
C1 [Fafarman, Aaron T.; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Choi, Ji-Hyuk; Oh, Soong Ju; Ko, Dong-Kyun; Kim, David K.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Diroll, Benjamin T.; Murray, Christopher B.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Choi, Ji-Hyuk] CNRS Rhodia UPenn, UMI 3254, Complex Assemblies Soft Matter, Bristol, PA 19007 USA.
[Muramoto, Shin; Gillen, J. Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kagan, CR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM kagan@seas.upenn.edu
RI Kim, David/C-1985-2008; Fafarman, Aaron/B-7943-2014; Muramoto,
Shin/I-6710-2016; Oh, Soong Ju/C-8842-2015
OI Fafarman, Aaron/0000-0003-3652-3383; Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X;
Oh, Soong Ju/0000-0003-1434-8844
FU NSF MRSEC [DMR11-20901]; NSF [DMR11-20901, DMS-0935165]; U.S. Department
of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science
and Engineering [DE-SC0002158]; NSF-CBET [CBET-0854226]; Northrop
Grumann
FX We thank Felice Macera for photography and Xingchen Ye for assistance
with SEM. J.-H.C. and C.RK. acknowledge support from the NSF MRSEC under
Award No. DMR11-20901. A.T.F., B.T.D., C.R.K, and C.B.M. are grateful
for support from the NSF Solar Program under Award No. DMS-0935165.
S.J.O. and C.R.K. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and
Engineering, under Award No. DE-SC0002158. D.K.K. acknowledges support
from NSF-CBET (Grant CBET-0854226). D.-K.K. and C.B.M. recognize support
from Northrop Grumann. The X-ray and microscope facilities used in this
work are supported in part by NSF MRSEC under Award No. DMR11-20901.
NR 56
TC 167
Z9 168
U1 19
U2 189
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 2631
EP 2638
DI 10.1021/nl301104z
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 937XE
UT WOS:000303696400079
PM 22509936
ER
PT J
AU Belter, C
AF Belter, Chris
TI Visualizing Networks of Scientific Research
SO ONLINE
LA English
DT Article
C1 NOAA, Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Belter, C (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, LAC Grp, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM chris.belter@noaa.gov
RI Belter, Christopher/L-6487-2013
OI Belter, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-6880
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU ONLINE INC
PI WILTON
PA 213 DANBURY RD, WILTON, CT 06897-4007 USA
SN 0146-5422
J9 ONLINE
JI Online
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 36
IS 3
BP 14
EP 19
PG 6
WC Information Science & Library Science
SC Information Science & Library Science
GA 941JS
UT WOS:000303960100002
ER
PT J
AU Adler, F
Diddams, SA
AF Adler, Florian
Diddams, Scott A.
TI High-power, hybrid Er:fiber/Tm:fiber frequency comb source in the 2 mu m
wavelength region
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; TM-DOPED FIBER; AMPLIFICATION;
OSCILLATOR; GENERATION
AB We present a 2 mu m frequency comb based on a reliable mode-locked Er: fiber laser with 100 MHz repetition rate. After shifting the spectrum of the amplified Er: fiber comb to longer wavelengths, a single-clad Tm/Ho:fiber is used as a self-pumped pre-amplifier to generate a coherent and broadband spectrum centered at 1.93 mu m. Subsequently, a cladding-pumped Tm:fiber amplifier boosts the system to a maximum output power of 4.8 W at 1.96 mu m. After compression in a compact grating compressor, our amplified Er: fiber/Tm:fiber hybrid system delivers as much as 2.9 W with a pulse duration of 141 fs. The system's comb properties are examined via heterodyne measurement. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America
C1 [Adler, Florian; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Adler, Florian] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov
RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); NIST-ARRA
FX We thank T. Fortier, I. Hartl, K. Knabe, N. Newbury, J. Ye, J. Squier,
and C. Durfee for valuable discussions and contributions. We also thank
M. Hirano and Sumitomo Electric Industries for providing the HNF. This
project was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST). F. A. acknowledges support from the NIST-ARRA fellowship
program. As a contribution of NIST, an agency of the United States
government, this work is not subject to copyright in the United States.
The mentioning of company and product names is for technical
communication only and constitutes no endorsement by NIST.
NR 24
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 19
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 9
BP 1400
EP 1402
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 937MI
UT WOS:000303662200003
PM 22555684
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, BB
Du, J
Gultepe, I
Dimego, G
AF Zhou, Binbin
Du, Jun
Gultepe, Ismail
Dimego, Geoff
TI Forecast of Low Visibility and Fog from NCEP: Current Status and Efforts
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; RADIATION FOG; PREDICTION; PARAMETERIZATION;
ENSEMBLE; SCHEME; PROJECT; SYSTEM; SKILL; NMC
AB Based on the visibility analysis data during November 2009 through April 2010 over North America from the Aviation Digital Database Service (ADDS), the performance of low visibility/fog predictions from the current operational 12 km-NAM, 13 km-RUC and 32 km-WRF-NMM models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was evaluated. The evaluation shows that the performance of the low visibility/fog forecasts from these models is still poor in comparison to those of precipitation forecasts from the same models. In order to improve the skill of the low visibility/fog prediction, three efforts have been made at NCEP, including application of a rule-based fog detection scheme, extension of the NCEP Short Range Ensemble Forecast System (SREF) to fog ensemble probabilistic forecasts, and a combination of these two applications. How to apply these techniques in fog prediction is described and evaluated with the same visibility analysis data over the same period of time. The evaluation results demonstrate that using the multi-rule-based fog detection scheme significantly improves the fog forecast skill for all three models relative to visibility-diagnosed fog prediction, and with a combination of both rule-based fog detection and the ensemble technique, the performance skill of fog forecasting can be further raised.
C1 [Zhou, Binbin; Du, Jun; Dimego, Geoff] EMC NCEP NWS NOAA, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Gultepe, Ismail] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & SWRS, MRD, Toronto, ON, Canada.
RP Zhou, BB (reprint author), EMC NCEP NWS NOAA, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Binbin.Zhou@noaa.gov
FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
FX This research is, in part, in response to requirements and funding by
the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The views expressed are those
of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or
position of the FAA. Our special appreciation is given to the Aviation
Weather Center for providing the Aviation Digital Data Service (ADDS)
data to support this study.
NR 40
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 10
PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG
PI BASEL
PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 169
IS 5-6
SI SI
BP 895
EP 909
DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0327-x
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 933XU
UT WOS:000303400900012
ER
PT J
AU Li, PY
Fu, G
Lu, CG
AF Li, Pengyuan
Fu, Gang
Lu, Chungu
TI Large-Scale Environmental Influences on the Onset, Maintenance, and
Dissipation of Six Sea Fog Cases over the Yellow Sea
SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sea fog; NPH; southerly winds; air temperature inversion layer
ID CALIFORNIA COAST; STRATUS; SYSTEMS; EVENT
AB Sea fog is typically formed and developed under a set of favorable environmental conditions, which are associated with the station pressure changes, sea level pressure, winds, temperature, water vapor supply, and sea surface temperature. Understanding of these environmental factors during the evolution of a sea fog episode is crucial for forecasting the occurrence and severity of sea fogs over the ocean and adjacent coastal areas. In this study, the large-scale environment variability of six fog events over the Yellow Sea was investigated. It was realized in the present study that the northwest Pacific Ocean high (NPH) is vital to fog formation over the Yellow Sea. In our study, six fog cases can be basically divided into two types: (1) pressure-weakening type, (2) pressure-strengthening type. The former type happened in spring and the latter type in summer. Prevailing southerly winds, accompanied with the well-positioned NPH, may supply a large amount of warm water vapor for the fog formation and maintenance. The intensity of the air temperature inversion is stronger in summer cases than that in spring ones. The wind direction change from south to north and the unstable lower atmosphere may lead to fog's dissipation. This study may provide a comprehensive understanding of sea fog's onset, maintenance, and dissipation over the Yellow Sea.
C1 [Li, Pengyuan; Fu, Gang] Ocean Univ China, Lab Phys Oceanog, Dept Marine Meteorol, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
[Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Li, PY (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Lab Phys Oceanog, Dept Marine Meteorol, 238 Songling Rd, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
EM fugang@ouc.edu.cn
RI li, pengyuan/E-6497-2013
OI li, pengyuan/0000-0003-1073-8079
FU China Scholarship Council; NOAA; National Natural Science Foundation of
China [406750060]; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
[2006AA09Z151]; State Oceanic Administration [908-02-03-10]; Chinese
Meteorological Administration [GYHY200706031]
FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to two anonymous
reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments for the
improvement of this manuscript. P. Li would like to express his sincere
thanks to the China Scholarship Council for their financial support,
which made his study abroad at the U. S. Federal agency NOAA possible.
C. Lu's efforts towards this study were supported by NOAA. G. Fu was
partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
under the grant number 406750060, and the Chinese Ministry of Science
and Technology under the 863 Project grant number 2006AA09Z151. This
work was also partly supported by the State Oceanic Administration under
the grant 908-02-03-10, and the Chinese Meteorological Administration
under the grant GYHY200706031. The authors would like to thank Ann
Reiser for her help in editing the paper.
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 5
PU SPRINGER BASEL AG
PI BASEL
PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND
SN 0033-4553
EI 1420-9136
J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS
JI Pure Appl. Geophys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 169
IS 5-6
SI SI
BP 983
EP 1000
DI 10.1007/s00024-011-0348-5
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 933XU
UT WOS:000303400900017
ER
PT J
AU Xu, JJ
Powell, AM
AF Xu, Jianjun
Powell, Alfred M., Jr.
TI Uncertainty estimation of the global temperature trends for multiple
radiosondes, reanalyses, and CMIP3/IPCC climate model simulations
SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; COUPLED MODEL; PART I; SATELLITE; DATASET; BIAS
AB Based on three groups of datasets that include radiosondes, reanalyses, and climate model simulations (e.g., Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP3) from 1979 to 2008, the interannual variability, global temperature trends, and their uncertainty using ensemble spread among intra-group and inter-group datasets have been discussed. The results show that the interannual temperature variability increased from the troposphere to stratosphere, and the maximum occurs around 50 hPa. The CMIP3 climate models have the largest discrepancy in the stratosphere. The intra-group correlations at 500 hPa generally show high similarity within each data group while the inter-group correlations between reanalyses and the CMIP3 climate model simulations indicate lesser similarity. In contrast, the inter-group correlation at 50 hPa is improved except with the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (JRA-25) dataset, and the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) reanalysis shows a weak cross correlation. The global temperature trends are highly dependent on the individual data sources. Compared to the radiosondes, the reanalyses show a large ensemble spread of trends in the stratosphere, and the CMIP3 climate model simulations have a large ensemble spread in the height of the crossover point where tropospheric warming changes into stratospheric cooling. The largest ensemble spread among the reanalyses in the stratosphere is mainly from the large discrepancy in the JRA-25 reanalysis after 1998 and a relatively weak anomaly in the 20CR before 1986. The largest ensemble spread among the CMIP3 climate models in the troposphere is related to the influence of both volcanic eruptions and El Nio/La Nia-Southern Oscillation events. The strong anomalies corresponding to the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon in 1982 and Mt Pinatubo in 1991 are clearly identified in the stratosphere. These volcanic eruptions reduced the warming in the troposphere and strengthened the cooling in the stratosphere during the most recent 30 years.
C1 [Xu, Jianjun] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Xu, Jianjun; Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM jianjun.xu@noaa.gov
RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010
OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National
Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for
Satellite Applications and Research
FX The NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-DOE, and NCEP-CFSR reanalysis data were obtained
from NCDC. The 20CR reanalysis data were obtained from NCAR. The ERA-40
and ERA-interim reanalysis data were obtained from the ECMWF; JRA-25
reanalysis was obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency; MERRA
reanalysis was obtained from NASA. The HADAT2, RAOBCORE, and RICH
radiosonde datasets were obtained from the Met Office Hadley Centre
website, and RATPAC was obtained from NOAA. The Program for Climate
Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison collected and archived the model
data. The authors would like to thank these agencies for providing the
data. Special thanks to Dr. Sherwood for providing the IUK radiosonde
data. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and
suggestions. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite,
Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and
Research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this
publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an
official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 46
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-798X
J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL
JI Theor. Appl. Climatol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 108
IS 3-4
BP 505
EP 518
DI 10.1007/s00704-011-0548-z
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 934TV
UT WOS:000303470500014
ER
PT J
AU Guha, S
Li, MD
Tarlov, MJ
Zechariah, MR
AF Guha, Suvajyoti
Li, Mingdong
Tarlov, Michael J.
Zechariah, Michael R.
TI Electrospray-differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles
SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE electrospray-differential mobility analysis; viruses; proteins;
gold-protein conjugates
ID CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MALDI-TOF-MS;
ION-MOBILITY; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; MOLECULAR ANALYZER;
GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; VIRUS; NANOPARTICLES; COMPLEXES
AB Electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) is a versatile technique used to aerosolize bionanoparticles and measure their electrical mobility at ambient conditions. ES-DMA is similar to electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS), but measures the effective particle size, rather than mass. It has a wide range of applications and nominally can be used to characterize biomolecules and nanoparticles ranging in size from a few nanometers (similar to 3 nm) to several hundred nanometers, to obtain multimodal size distributions in minutes. Although both the ES and the DMA are mature technologies, they are finding increased use in combination to characterize particles in liquids. In this paper, we review ES-DMA, and how it has recently been used to characterize bionanoparticles such as polymers, proteins, viruses, bacteriophages and nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugates.
C1 [Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Zechariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Li, Mingdong; Tarlov, Michael J.; Zechariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zechariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mrz@umd.edu
RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014;
OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721
NR 78
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 6
U2 59
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0167-7799
J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL
JI Trends Biotechnol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 30
IS 5
BP 291
EP 300
DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.02.003
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 937BT
UT WOS:000303634700007
PM 22480574
ER
PT J
AU Resch-Genger, U
Bremser, W
Pfeifer, D
Spieles, M
Hoffmann, A
DeRose, PC
Zwinkels, JC
Gauthier, F
Ebert, B
Taubert, RD
Monte, C
Voigt, J
Hollandt, J
Macdonald, R
AF Resch-Genger, Ute
Bremser, Wolfram
Pfeifer, Dietmar
Spieles, Monika
Hoffmann, Angelika
DeRose, Paul C.
Zwinkels, Joanne C.
Gauthier, Francois
Ebert, Bernd
Taubert, R. Dieter
Monte, Christian
Voigt, Jan
Hollandt, Joerg
Macdonald, Rainer
TI State-of-the Art Comparability of Corrected Emission Spectra.1. Spectral
Correction with Physical Transfer Standards and Spectral Fluorescence
Standards by Expert Laboratories
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ION-DOPED GLASS; QUANTUM YIELDS; FLUOROMETRY; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY;
SPECTROFLUOROMETER; RECOMMENDATIONS; TRACEABILITY; LABELS; UNITS
AB The development of fluorescence applications in the life and material sciences has proceeded largely without sufficient concern for the measurement uncertainties related to the characterization of fluorescence. instruments. In this first part of a two-part series on the state-of-the-art comparability of corrected emission spectra, four National Metrology Institutes active in high precision steady-state fluorometry performed a first comparison of fluorescence measurement capabilities by evaluating physical transfer standard (PTS)-based and reference material (RM)-based calibration methods. To identify achievable comparability and sources of error in instrument calibration, the emission spectra of three test dyes in the wavelength region from 300 to 770 nm were corrected and compared using both calibration methods. The results, obtained for typical spectrofluorometric (0 degrees/90 degrees transmitting) and colorimetric (45 degrees/0 degrees front-face) measurement geometries, demonstrated a comparability of corrected emission spectra within a relative standard uncertainty of 4.2% for PTS- and 2.4% for RM-based spectral correction when measurements and calibrations were performed under identical conditions. Moreover, the emission spectra of RMs F001 to F005, certified by BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, were confirmed. These RMs were subsequently used for the assessment of the comparability of RM-based corrected emission spectra of field laboratories using common commercial spectrofluorometers and routine measurement conditions in part 2 of this series (subsequent paper in this issue).
C1 [Resch-Genger, Ute; Bremser, Wolfram; Pfeifer, Dietmar; Spieles, Monika; Hoffmann, Angelika] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[DeRose, Paul C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zwinkels, Joanne C.; Gauthier, Francois] NRC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
[Ebert, Bernd; Taubert, R. Dieter; Monte, Christian; Voigt, Jan; Hollandt, Joerg; Macdonald, Rainer] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
RP Resch-Genger, U (reprint author), Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, Richard Willstaetter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
EM ute.resch@bam.de; paul.derose@nist.gov
RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014; Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009
OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115
FU German Ministry of Economics and Labor (BMWA) [BMWA VI A2-18, VI
A2-17/03]
FX We thank all participating laboratories for the efforts spent on
participation in this laboratory intercomparison. BAM gratefully
acknowledges financial support from the German Ministry of Economics and
Labor (BMWA; Grants BMWA VI A2-18 and VI A2-17/03). BAM and PTB express
their gratitude to Dr. A. Hope from PTB for the calibration of their
diffuse reflectance standards. NIST thanks Dr. D. Duewer for advice on
data analysis.
NR 61
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 84
IS 9
BP 3889
EP 3898
DI 10.1021/ac2034503
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 933GS
UT WOS:000303349200006
PM 22376085
ER
PT J
AU Resch-Genger, U
Bremser, W
Pfeifer, D
Spieles, M
Hoffmann, A
DeRose, PC
Zwinkels, JC
Gauthier, F
Ebert, B
Taubert, RD
Voigt, J
Hollandt, J
Macdonald, R
AF Resch-Genger, Ute
Bremser, Wolfram
Pfeifer, Dietmar
Spieles, Monika
Hoffmann, Angelika
DeRose, Paul C.
Zwinkels, Joanne C.
Gauthier, Francois
Ebert, Bernd
Taubert, R. Dieter
Voigt, Jan
Hollandt, Joerg
Macdonald, Rainer
TI State-of-the Art Comparability of Corrected Emission Spectra. 2. Field
Laboratory Assessment of Calibration Performance Using Spectral
Fluorescence Standards
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ION-DOPED GLASS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS; INTEGRATING SPHERE
SETUP; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUOROMETRY; TIME; RECOMMENDATIONS; TRACEABILITY
AB In the second part of this two-part series on the state-of-the-art comparability of corrected emission spectra, we have extended this assessment to the broader community of fluorescence spectroscopists by involving 12 field laboratories that were randomly selected on the basis of their fluorescence measuring equipment. These laboratories performed a reference material (RM)-based fluorometer calibration with commercially available spectral fluorescence standards following a standard operating procedure that involved routine measurement conditions and the data evaluation software LINKCORR developed and provided by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). This instrument specific emission correction curve was subsequently used for the determination of the corrected emission spectra of three test dyes, X, QS, and Y, revealing an average accuracy of 6.8% for the corrected emission spectra This compares well with the relative standard uncertainties of 4.2% for physical standard based spectral corrections demonstrated in the first part of this study (previous paper in this issue) involving an international group of four expert laboratories. The excellent comparability of the measurements of the field laboratories also demonstrates the effectiveness of RM-based correction procedures.
C1 [Resch-Genger, Ute; Bremser, Wolfram; Pfeifer, Dietmar; Spieles, Monika; Hoffmann, Angelika] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[DeRose, Paul C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zwinkels, Joanne C.; Gauthier, Francois] NRC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
[Ebert, Bernd; Taubert, R. Dieter; Voigt, Jan; Hollandt, Joerg; Macdonald, Rainer] PTB, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
RP Resch-Genger, U (reprint author), Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, BAM, Div I 5, Richard Willstaetter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
EM ute.resch@bam.de; paul.derose@nist.gov
RI Hollandt, Jorg/A-2124-2014; Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009
OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115
NR 36
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 84
IS 9
BP 3899
EP 3907
DI 10.1021/ac203451g
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 933GS
UT WOS:000303349200007
PM 22376144
ER
PT J
AU Lubbeck, JL
Dean, KM
Ma, HR
Palmer, AE
Jimenez, R
AF Lubbeck, Jennifer L.
Dean, Kevin M.
Ma, Hairong
Palmer, Amy E.
Jimenez, Ralph
TI Microfluidic Flow Cytometer for Quantifying Photobleaching of
Fluorescent Proteins in Cells
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MONOMERIC RED; STRUCTURAL BASIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY;
LIFETIME; LIGHT; SATURATION; ORANGE
AB Traditional flow cytometers are capable of rapid cellular assays on the basis of fluorescence intensity and light scatter. Microfluidic flow cytometers have largely followed the same path of technological development as their traditional counterparts; however, the significantly smaller transport distance and resulting lower cell speeds in microchannels provides for the opportunity to detect novel spectroscopic signatures based on multiple, nontemporally coincident excitation beams. Here, we characterize the design and operation of a cytometer with a three beam, probe/bleach/probe geometry, employing HeLa suspension cells expressing fluorescent proteins. The data collection rate exceeds 20 cells/s under a range of beam intensities (5 kW to 179 kW/cm(2)). The measured percent photobleaching (ratio of fluorescence intensities excited by the first and third beams: S-beam3/S-beam1) partially resolves a mixture of four red fluorescent proteins in mixed samples. Photokinetic simulations are presented and demonstrate that the percent photobleaching reflects a combination of the reversible and irreversible photobleaching kinetics. By introducing a photobleaching optical signature, which complements traditional fluorescence intensity-based detection, this method adds another dimension to multichannel fluorescence cytometry and provides a means for flow-cytometry-based screening of directed libraries of fluorescent protein photobleaching.
C1 [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Dean, Kevin M.; Ma, Hairong; Palmer, Amy E.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Biofrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Palmer, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM amy.palmer@colorado.edu; rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu
FU University of Colorado [T32 GM-065103]; National Science Foundation
[0801680]; National Institutes of Health [GM083849]
FX The authors received generous funding from the University of Colorado
Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103), National Science
Foundation Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging Integrative
Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (0801680), and the National
Institutes of Health (GM083849 to AEP and R.J.). R.J. is a staff member
in the Quantum Physics Division of NIST. The authors thank Dr. Roger
Tsien for providing TagRFP-T, mCherry, and mOrange2. Certain commercial
equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in
order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such
identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended
to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the
best available for the purpose.
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 24
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 84
IS 9
BP 3929
EP 3937
DI 10.1021/ac202825z
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 933GS
UT WOS:000303349200011
PM 22424298
ER
PT J
AU Stanton, TK
Sellers, CJ
Jech, JM
AF Stanton, Timothy K.
Sellers, Cynthia J.
Jech, J. Michael
TI Resonance classification of mixed assemblages of fish with swimbladders
using a modified commercial broadband acoustic echosounder at 1-6 kHz
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; SCATTERING; ATLANTIC; BACKSCATTERING;
COMPRESSION; DENSITY; TARGET; OCEANS; VOLUME; DEPTH
AB Recently developed broadband acoustic methods were used to study mixed assemblages of fish spanning a wide range of lengths and species. Through a combination of resonance classification and pulse-compression signal processing, which provides for high-range resolution, a modified commercial broadband echosounder was demonstrated to provide quantitative information on the spatial distribution of the individual size classes within an assemblage. In essence, this system spectrally resolves the different size classes of fish that are otherwise not resolved spatially. This method reveals new insights into biological processes, such as predator-prey interactions, that are not obtainable through the use of a conventional narrowband high-frequency echosounder or previous broadband systems. A recent study at sea with this system revealed aggregations containing bladdered fish 15-30 cm in length (Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis)) and a variety of species of smaller fish 2-5 cm in length. These observations infer that the smaller 2-5 cm fish can be colocated in the same aggregations as their predator, the larger silver hake, as well as pre-spawning herring. While this technological advancement provides more information, there remain challenges in interpreting the echo spectra in terms of meaningful biological quantities such as size distribution and species composition.
C1 [Stanton, Timothy K.; Sellers, Cynthia J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Jech, J. Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Stanton, TK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, 98 Water St,MS 11, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM tstanton@whoi.edu
FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0440, N00014-10-1-0127]; NOAA -
National Marine Fisheries Service; WHOI Academic Programs Office
FX We are grateful to Orest Diachok of the Applied Physics Laboratory of
the Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, for his thoughtful
suggestions in the early stages of this work; Brian Guest and Josh Eaton
of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole,
Massachusetts, for their assistance in preparation for and conducting
the ocean experiment; and Shirley Barkley of WHOI for her assistance in
preparing the manuscript. We also acknowledge the contributions of the
captains and crews of the R/V Endeavor and FR/V Delaware II, as well as
the reviewers of this paper for their thoughtful recommendations. This
research was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (grant Nos.
N00014-04-1-0440 and N00014-10-1-0127), NOAA - National Marine Fisheries
Service; and the J. Seward Johnson Chair of the WHOI Academic Programs
Office.
NR 49
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 8
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 5
BP 854
EP 868
DI 10.1139/F2012-013
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 934MG
UT WOS:000303447800006
ER
PT J
AU Satterthwaite, WH
Mohr, MS
O'Farrell, MR
Wells, BK
AF Satterthwaite, William Hallowell
Mohr, Michael Steven
O'Farrell, Michael Robert
Wells, Brian Kenneth
TI A Bayesian hierarchical model of size-at-age in ocean-harvested stocks -
quantifying effects of climate and temporal variability
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; CHINOOK SALMON;
CENTRAL VALLEY; EL-NINO; GROWTH; COHO; MATURITY; KISUTCH; CONSERVATION
AB Quantifying size-at-age in harvested marine fish populations is a challenge with implications for both conservation and management. We describe a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach for estimating mean and variation in size-at-age, incorporating environmental covariates. We apply the approach to two runs of Sacramento River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): one data-rich (fall) and one data-poor (winter). We combine information on the size of recreationally harvested tagged fish and fishery size limits to reconstruct time-dependent marine size distributions. Our framework allows informed modeling of environmental effects on size-at-age, estimation of annual variability without overfitting, estimating size in years with limited data, and projecting sizes in future years. We found that fall run fish are anomalously small in years following Novembers with low values of the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI). Winter run data did not include anomalously low NOI years, but typical annual variability could be quantified. Importantly, our results suggest that it is possible to predict small size and slow growth during the upcoming fishery season on the basis of an environmental index available months in advance.
C1 [Satterthwaite, William Hallowell] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Satterthwaite, William Hallowell; Mohr, Michael Steven; O'Farrell, Michael Robert; Wells, Brian Kenneth] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM Will.Satterthwaite@noaa.gov
FU Cooperative Institute For Marine Ecosystems and Climate; California Sea
Grant Ocean Protection Council; Center for Stock Assessment Research
FX This study was made possible by the work of numerous people who tag,
collect, read, and report CWTs and maintain the database in an easily
accessible format. Allen Grover provided help in obtaining and
interpreting data. Funding was provided by the Cooperative Institute For
Marine Ecosystems and Climate, the California Sea Grant Ocean Protection
Council, and the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership
between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, and
the University of California Santa Cruz. Comments from E.J. Dick, Marc
Mangel, Andrew Shelton, Arliss Winship, and two anonymous reviewers
greatly improved the manuscript.
NR 47
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 13
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 5
BP 942
EP 954
DI 10.1139/F2012-036
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 934MG
UT WOS:000303447800013
ER
PT J
AU Pess, GR
Hilborn, R
Kloehn, K
Quinn, TP
AF Pess, G. R.
Hilborn, R.
Kloehn, K.
Quinn, T. P.
TI The influence of population dynamics and environmental conditions on
pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) recolonization after barrier
removal in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; BODY-SIZE; NERKA; TEMPERATURE;
ENERGETICS; MIGRATION; STOCKS; FLOW
AB When barriers are removed, what biotic and abiotic factors determine how fish populations will colonize newly available habitats? We used counts of adult pink salmon (Oncorhywnchus gorbuscha) from 1947 to 1987 in 66 streams of the Fraser River system, British Columbia, Canada, to determine when colonizing pink salmon populations became self-sustaining after a long-term migration blockage at Hell's Gate (river kilometre 209) was reduced. The abundance of salmon in available habitats were largely controlled by extrinsic factors such as an initially large source population, high intrinsic growth rates linked to favorable climate-driven conditions, a constant supply of dispersers, and large amounts of newly available habitat. Temporal variation in flows at Hell's Gate also affected recolonization success. Self-sustaining populations were developed within years of barrier removal and have continued to help expand the overall population of Fraser River pink salmon. However, pink salmon were considerably more abundant in the early 1900s than in the 1980s (similar to 48 million vs. similar to 2.7 million), and the majority of spawning shifted from the historic areas above Hell's Gate prior to the rockslide to below Hell's Gate in the lower Fraser River after the long-term blockage was reduced, so the system has not returned to the former abundance and distribution patterns.
C1 [Pess, G. R.; Hilborn, R.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Pess, G. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm NOAA Fisheries, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Kloehn, K.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Seafood Ecol Res Grp, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
RP Pess, GR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 3550020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM george.pess@noaa.gov
RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013
NR 43
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 25
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 5
BP 970
EP 982
DI 10.1139/F2012-030
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 934MG
UT WOS:000303447800015
ER
PT J
AU Kang, SM
Held, IM
AF Kang, Sarah M.
Held, Isaac M.
TI Tropical precipitation, SSTs and the surface energy budget: a zonally
symmetric perspective
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Tropical precipitation; Sea surface temperatures; Atmospheric energy
budget; Zonally symmetric
ID TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; CONVERGENCE; WINDS; GCM; OCEANS; MODEL
AB The relative importance of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the surface energy budget to tropical precipitation is examined by comparing models with zonally symmetric climates, both fixed SST and coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean. Two models are considered with differing surface flux formulations and in each case solutions that are symmetric about the equator are perturbed to create interhemispheric asymmetry. When SSTs are prescribed in the two models with different flux formulations, the magnitude of tropical precipitation response to identical SST anomalies is significantly different, but the differences can be understood in terms of the altered surface fluxes. In contrast, when the net surface energy fluxes are constrained to be identical in mixed layer simulations of the two different models, the response of tropical precipitation to perturbations in the surface energy balance is very similar. Both perspectives predict qualitatively the same precipitation response, but the energy budget better predicts the magnitude of the precipitation response. Thus, we argue that the atmospheric energy budget, controlled in these experiments primarily by the surface energy budget, is more fundamental to the control of tropical precipitation than the SSTs, in these simulations with axisymmetric climates. We touch briefly on a complication in the interpretation of the model results due to the fact that fixed SST and slab-ocean versions of the model can produce different Hadley cell strengths for the same SSTs.
C1 [Kang, Sarah M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Kang, SM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, SW Mudd Room 290, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM smk2182@columbia.edu
NR 10
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 9-10
BP 1917
EP 1924
DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1048-7
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 934ML
UT WOS:000303448300014
ER
PT J
AU Hu, ZZ
Kumar, A
Jha, B
Wang, WQ
Huang, BH
Huang, BY
AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen
Kumar, Arun
Jha, Bhaskar
Wang, Wanqiu
Huang, Bohua
Huang, Boyin
TI An analysis of warm pool and cold tongue El Nios: air-sea coupling
processes, global influences, and recent trends
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC;
TROPICAL PACIFIC; FORECAST SYSTEM; NINO; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE;
VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE
AB The differences in tropical air-sea interactions and global climate connection as well as the hindcast skills for the warm pool (WP) and cold tongue (CT) El Nios are investigated based on observed, (re)analyzed, and model hindcast data. The robustness of observed global climate connection is established from the model simulations. Lastly, variations of atmosphere and ocean conditions in the recent decades, and their possible connection with the frequency increase of the WP El Nio are discussed. Consistent with previous results, our individual case study and composite results suggest that stronger (weaker) and more eastward extended (westward confined) westerly wind along the equatorial Pacific in early months of a year is associated with active (suppressed) air-sea interaction over the cold tongue/the Intertropical Convergence Zone complex, as well as more (less) intensive oceanic thermocline feedback, favoring the CT (WP) El Nio development. The preceding westerly wind signal and air-sea interaction differences may be responsible for the predication skill difference with higher (lower) overall hindcast skill for the CT (WP) El Nio in the Climate Forecast System of National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Our model experiments show that, in addition to the tropics, the eastern Pacific, North America and North Atlantic are the major regions having robust climate differences between the CT and WP El Nios. Nevertheless, the climate contrasts seem not robust over the Eurasian continent. Also, the frequency increase of the WP El Nio in the recent decades may not be directly connected with the linear trend of the tropical climate.
C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Jha, Bhaskar; Wang, Wanqiu; Huang, Boyin] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Jha, Bhaskar; Huang, Boyin] Wyle Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Huang, Bohua] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Huang, Bohua] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA.
RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Suite 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@NOAA.GOV
RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011
OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400
FU NOAA CVP [NA07OAR4310310]; COLA from NSF; NOAA; NASA
FX We appreciate the comments, suggestions, and helps from Michelle
L'Heureux, Kingtse Mo, Peitao Peng, and Mingyue Chen, as well as two
anonymous reviewers, which largely improved the manuscript. Bohua Huang
is supported by the NOAA CVP Program (NA07OAR4310310) as well as the
COLA omnibus program from NSF, NOAA, and NASA.
NR 44
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 38
IS 9-10
BP 2017
EP 2035
DI 10.1007/s00382-011-1224-9
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 934ML
UT WOS:000303448300021
ER
PT J
AU Thirumalai, RVKG
Krishnan, B
Davydov, AV
Merrett, JN
Koshka, Y
AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.
Krishnan, Bharat
Davydov, Albert V.
Merrett, J. Neil
Koshka, Yaroslav
TI Growth on Differently Oriented Sidewalls of SiC Mesas As a Way of
Achieving Well-Aligned SiC Nanowires
SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; SENSORS
AB Several different growth directions of SiC nanowires (NWs) determined by the substrate surface crystallographic orientation were achieved by conducting vapor liquid solid growth on the top surfaces and the sidewalls of the 4H-SiC mesas. When substrate. dependent (i.e., epitaxial) growth was ensured, six possible crystallographic orientations of 3C-SiC NW axis with respect to the 4H-SiC substrate were realized. They all were at 20 degrees with respect to the substrate c plane, and their projections on the c plane corresponded to one of the six equivalent < 10 (1) over bar0 > crystallographic directions. All six orientations were obtained simultaneously when growing on the (0001) top surface of the 4H-SiC wafer or on the mesa tops. In contrast, no more than two NW orientations coexisted when grown on any particular crystallographic plane of a mesa sidewall. In particular, the {10 (1) over bar0} mesa sidewall plane resulted in only one NW orientation, thereby producing well-aligned NW arrays desirable for device applications.
C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
[Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA.
EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu
RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1528-7483
J9 CRYST GROWTH DES
JI Cryst. Growth Des.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 2221
EP 2225
DI 10.1021/cg201398z
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science
GA 933MN
UT WOS:000303366000013
ER
PT J
AU Varanasi, U
AF Varanasi, Usha
TI Frontloading the Science in Anticipation of Environmental Disasters
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Varanasi, Usha] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Varanasi, Usha] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Varanasi, Usha] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Varanasi, U (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM ushav@uw.edu
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 37
IS 5
BP 233
EP 235
DI 10.1080/03632415.2012.676837
PG 3
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 936KX
UT WOS:000303590400005
ER
PT J
AU Abo, GS
Hong, YK
Choi, BC
Donahue, MJ
Bae, S
Jalli, J
Park, J
Lee, J
Park, MH
Gee, SH
AF Abo, Gavin S.
Hong, Yang-Ki
Choi, Byoung-Chul
Donahue, Michael J.
Bae, Seok
Jalli, Jeevan
Park, Jihoon
Lee, Jaejin
Park, Mun-Hyoun
Gee, Sung-Hoon
TI Micromagnetic Computer Simulated Scaling Effect of S-Shaped Permalloy
Nano-Element on Operating Fields for AND or OR Logic
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Micromagnetic computer simulation; s-shaped element; spin logic
ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS
AB The scaling effect of permalloy s-shaped element, a rectangular element with appendages, on operating fields, H-x and H-y, was investigated by micromagnetic computer simulations for AND or OR logic. The optimized combination of operating fields (H-x, H-y) was found to be (27.7 +/- 9.9, -16.7 +/- 8.8) (37.9 +/- 12.4, -25.9 +/- 6.0), and (42.2 +/- 8.8, -23.9 +/- 4.0) in kA/m for the 100, 50, and 30 nm long s-shaped elements, respectively. As the s-shaped element is scaled down, the allowable deviation from the optimized operating fields becomes smaller and optimized operating fields shift to higher field.
C1 [Abo, Gavin S.; Hong, Yang-Ki; Bae, Seok; Jalli, Jeevan; Park, Jihoon; Lee, Jaejin] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Abo, Gavin S.; Hong, Yang-Ki; Bae, Seok; Jalli, Jeevan; Park, Jihoon; Lee, Jaejin] Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
[Choi, Byoung-Chul] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
[Donahue, Michael J.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Park, Mun-Hyoun] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95119 USA.
[Gee, Sung-Hoon] Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA.
RP Hong, YK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM ykhong@eng.ua.edu
FU E. A. "Larry" Drummond Endowment at University of Alabama
FX This work was supported in part by the E. A. "Larry" Drummond Endowment
at The University of Alabama.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 5
BP 1851
EP 1855
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2175743
PN 2
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 932ZC
UT WOS:000303328000003
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, L
Jin, JM
Wang, SY
Ek, MB
AF Zhao, Lin
Jin, Jiming
Wang, Shih-Yu
Ek, Michael B.
TI Integration of remote-sensing data with WRF to improve lake-effect
precipitation simulations over the Great Lakes region
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID AGGREGATE MESOSCALE DISTURBANCES; LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EFFECT
SNOWSTORMS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EFFECT SNOW; SEA-ICE; NUMERICAL-MODEL;
PARAMETERIZATION; VALIDATION; REANALYSIS
AB In this study, remotely sensed lake surface temperature (LST) and lake ice cover (LIC) were integrated into the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.2 to evaluate the simulation of lake-effect precipitation over the Great Lakes region. The LST was derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), while the LIC was obtained from the National Ice Center (NIC). WRF simulations for the Great Lakes region were performed at 10 km grid spacing for the cold season from November 2003 through February 2008. Initial and lateral boundary conditions were provided by the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Experiments were carried out to compare winter precipitation simulations with and without the integration of the satellite data. Results show that integration with MODIS LST and NIC LIC significantly improves simulation of lake-effect precipitation over the Great Lakes region by reduced latent heat and sensible heat fluxes. A composite analysis of lake-effect precipitation events further reveals that more accurately depicted low-level stability and vertical moisture transport forced by the observation-based LST and LIC contribute to the improved simulation of lake-effect precipitation.
C1 [Zhao, Lin; Jin, Jiming] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
[Zhao, Lin; Jin, Jiming; Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
[Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
[Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Jin, JM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
EM jiming.jin@usu.edu
RI Jin, Jiming/A-9678-2011; Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010
FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station; NOAA MAPP [NA090AR4310195]; EPA
[RD83418601]
FX This work was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, the
NOAA MAPP NA090AR4310195 grant, and the EPA RD83418601 grant.
NR 46
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 4
U2 59
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 117
AR D09102
DI 10.1029/2011JD016979
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 937SF
UT WOS:000303678100002
ER
PT J
AU Quattrini, AM
Ross, SW
Carlson, MCT
Nizinski, MS
AF Quattrini, Andrea M.
Ross, Steve W.
Carlson, Michael C. T.
Nizinski, Martha S.
TI Megafaunal-habitat associations at a deep-sea coral mound off North
Carolina, USA
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; COLD-WATER CORALS;
FOOD-SUPPLY MECHANISMS; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE PROTECTED AREA;
LOPHELIA-PERTUSA; REEF FISH; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CHARLESTON BUMP
AB Deep-sea corals provide important habitat for many organisms; however, the extent to which fishes and other invertebrates are affiliated with corals or other physical variables is uncertain. The Cape Fear coral mound off North Carolina, USA (366-463 m depth, 33A degrees 34.4'N, 76A degrees 27.8'W) was surveyed using multibeam sonar and the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible. Multibeam bathymetric data (2006) were coupled with in situ video data (2002-2005) to define habitat associations of 14 dominant megafauna at two spatial scales. Results suggested greater habitat specificity of deep-reef fauna than previously documented, with fishes showing greater affinity for certain habitat characteristics than most invertebrates. High vertical profile, degree of coral coverage, and topographic complexity influenced distributions of several species, including Beryx decadactylus, Conger oceanicus, and Novodinia antillensis on the smaller scale (30 x 30 m). On the broad scale (170 x 170 m), several suspension feeders (e.g., N. antillensis, anemones), detritivores (Echinus spp.), and mesopelagic feeders (e.g., Beryx decadactylus, Eumunida picta) were most often found on the south-southwest facing slope near the top of the mound. Transient reef species, including Laemonema barbatulum and Helicolenus dactylopterus, had limited affiliations to topographic complexity and were most often on the mound slope and base. Megafauna at deep-water reefs behave much like shallow-water reef fauna, with some species strongly associated with certain fine-scale habitat attributes, whereas other species are habitat generalists. Documenting the degree of habitat specialization is important for understanding habitat functionality, predicting faunal distributions, and assessing the impacts of disturbance on deep-reef megafauna.
C1 [Quattrini, Andrea M.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
[Quattrini, Andrea M.; Ross, Steve W.; Carlson, Michael C. T.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
[Nizinski, Martha S.] NOAA, NMFS Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Quattrini, AM (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Biol, 1900 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
EM andrea.quattrini@temple.edu
FU NOAA Undersea Research Center at UNCW; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration;
Environmental Defense Fund; NOAA Habitat Conservation Division; NC
Museum of Natural Sciences; South Atlantic Fishery Management Council;
US Geological Survey
FX The NOAA Undersea Research Center at UNCW provided funds (to S.W. Ross,
PI) for the multibeam mapping cruise on the NOAA vessel Nancy Foster.
NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration largely funded (to S.W. Ross, lead PI)
submersible field-work and some data analyses. Environmental Defense
Fund (through D.N. Rader) and NOAA Habitat Conservation Division
(through Miles Croom) supplied substantial funds for this project.
Friends of the NC Museum of Natural Sciences administered funds and the
South Atlantic Fishery Management Council provided support. We thank the
personnel of the NOAA vessel Nancy Foster, the R/V Seward Johnson and
Johnson-Sea-Link submersible. We also thank M.L. Partyka, A.M. Necaise,
J.P. McClain-Counts, M. Rhode, E. Cordes and A. Davies for their helpful
contributions. Finally, we acknowledge support of US Geological Survey
and particularly thank G.D. Brewer for facilitating this research.
NR 85
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 43
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0025-3162
EI 1432-1793
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 5
BP 1079
EP 1094
DI 10.1007/s00227-012-1888-7
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 933VJ
UT WOS:000303391700015
ER
PT J
AU Mesinger, F
Chou, SC
Gomes, JL
Jovic, D
Bastos, P
Bustamante, JF
Lazic, L
Lyra, AA
Morelli, S
Ristic, I
Veljovic, K
AF Mesinger, Fedor
Chou, Sin Chan
Gomes, Jorge L.
Jovic, Dusan
Bastos, Paulo
Bustamante, Josiane F.
Lazic, Lazar
Lyra, Andre A.
Morelli, Sandra
Ristic, Ivan
Veljovic, Katarina
TI An upgraded version of the Eta model
SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESSURE-GRADIENT FORCE; VOLUME INTEGRATION METHOD; STEP-MOUNTAIN
COORDINATE; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; SINGLE-COLUMN; SCHEME;
PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; ADVECTION; IMPACT
AB Upgrades implemented over a number of years in an open source version of the Eta model, posted at the CPTEC web site http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/wrkstn_eta, which differs from the NCEP's latest operational Eta by having the WRF-NMM nonhydrostatic option included. Most of the upgrades made resulted from attention paid to less than satisfactory performance noted in several Eta results, and identification of the reasons for the problem. Others came from simple expectation that including a feature that is physically justified but is missing in the code should help. The most notable of the upgrades are the introduction of the so-called sloping steps, or discretized shaved cells topography; piecewise-linear finite-volume vertical advection of dynamic variables; vapor and hydrometeor loading in the hydrostatic equation, and changes aimed at refining the convection schemes available in the Eta. Several other modifications have to do with the calculation of exchange coefficients, conservation in the vertical diffusion, and diagnostic calculation of 10-m winds. Several examples showing improved performance resulting from the dynamics changes are given. One includes a case of unrealistically low temperatures in several mountain basins generated by a centered vertical advection difference scheme's unphysical advection from below ground, removed by its replacement with a finite-volume scheme. Another is that of increased katabatic winds in the Terra Nova Bay Antarctica region. Successful forecast of the severe downslope zonda wind case in the lee of the highest peaks of the Andes is also shown, and some of the recent successful verification results of the use of the upgraded model are pointed out. The code is used at numerous places, and along with setup information it is available for outside users at the CPTEC Eta web site given above.
C1 [Mesinger, Fedor] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Mesinger, Fedor] Serbian Acad Arts & Sci, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Chou, Sin Chan; Gomes, Jorge L.; Bustamante, Josiane F.; Lyra, Andre A.] INPE Ctr Weather Predict & Climate Studies CPTEC, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.
[Jovic, Dusan] NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Bastos, Paulo] Brazilian AF, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
[Lazic, Lazar; Veljovic, Katarina] Univ Belgrade, Inst Meteorol, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Morelli, Sandra] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Phys, Modena, Italy.
[Ristic, Ivan] Weather2Umbrella Co, Belgrade, Serbia.
RP Mesinger, F (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM fedor@essic.umd.edu
RI Chou, Sin Chan/F-6364-2012; Veljovic, Katarina/C-4608-2014; Gomes, Jorge
/G-5320-2013; Lyra, Andre/G-6351-2013; Morelli, Sandra/M-2144-2016
OI Chou, Sin Chan/0000-0002-8973-1808; Veljovic,
Katarina/0000-0002-3530-5387; Morelli, Sandra/0000-0002-3678-5992
FU NCEP/EMC via the Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (CICS) of the
University of Maryland; CNPq; Brazilian National Council for Scientific
and Technological Development
FX The upgraded Eta code documented here originates from the so-called
"Workstation Eta'' code that has been maintained by Mathew Pyle, of the
NCEP Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), Camp Springs, MD. Some of the
work reported upon has been partially funded by NCEP/EMC via the
Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (CICS) of the University of
Maryland; and also by CNPq, the Brazilian National Council for
Scientific and Technological Development. Tom Black, also of EMC, has
been for many years the lead Eta code developer, and is the principal
developer also of its MPI version, indispensable in most of today's
computer frameworks. Tom has provided advice essential for progress on a
variety of issues. The Workstation Eta preprocessing and postprocessing
packages derive from their original developments at the Federal
Hydrometeorological Institute in Belgrade and were to a considerable
degree further developed at the University of Athens, within the group
led by George Kallos. Finally, the authors much appreciate the
suggestions and comments of the three reviews received, one signed by
Eugenia Kalnay, which led to significant improvements of the manusript.
NR 71
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 18
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7971
J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS
JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 116
IS 3-4
BP 63
EP 79
DI 10.1007/s00703-012-0182-z
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 934UG
UT WOS:000303471600001
ER
PT J
AU Kort, EA
Wofsy, SC
Daube, BC
Diao, M
Elkins, JW
Gao, RS
Hintsa, EJ
Hurst, DF
Jimenez, R
Moore, FL
Spackman, JR
Zondlo, MA
AF Kort, E. A.
Wofsy, S. C.
Daube, B. C.
Diao, M.
Elkins, J. W.
Gao, R. S.
Hintsa, E. J.
Hurst, D. F.
Jimenez, R.
Moore, F. L.
Spackman, J. R.
Zondlo, M. A.
TI Atmospheric observations of Arctic Ocean methane emissions up to 82
degrees north
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-WATER; SEA
AB Uncertainty in the future atmospheric burden of methane, a potent greenhouse gas(1), represents an important challenge to the development of realistic climate projections. The Arctic is home to large reservoirs of methane, in the form of permafrost soils and methane hydrates(2), which are vulnerable to destabilization in a warming climate. Furthermore, methane is produced in the surface ocean(3) and the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean are supersaturated with respect to methane(4,5). However, the fate of this oceanic methane is uncertain. Here, we use airborne observations of methane to assess methane efflux from the remote Arctic Ocean, up to latitudes of 82 degrees north. We report layers of increased methane concentrations near the surface ocean, with little or no enhancement in carbon monoxide levels, indicative of a non-combustion source. We further show that high methane concentrations are restricted to areas over open leads and regions with fractional sea-ice cover. Based on the observed gradients in methane concentration, we estimate that sea-air fluxes amount to around 2 mg d(-1) m(-2), comparable to emissions seen on the Siberian shelf. We suggest that the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean represent a potentially important source of methane, which could prove sensitive to changes in sea-ice cover.
C1 [Kort, E. A.; Wofsy, S. C.; Daube, B. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Kort, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Diao, M.; Zondlo, M. A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Elkins, J. W.; Gao, R. S.; Hintsa, E. J.; Hurst, D. F.; Moore, F. L.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hintsa, E. J.; Hurst, D. F.; Moore, F. L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Air Qual Res Grp, Bogota, Colombia.
[Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kort, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM Eric.A.Kort@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Diao,
Minghui/A-4437-2015; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016;
OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Diao, Minghui/0000-0003-0324-0897;
Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554;
JIMENEZ, Rodrigo/0000-0002-8665-9484
FU NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; NCAR
FX HIPPO was supported by NSF grants ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519 and
ATM-0628388 and by NCAR. NCAR is supported by NSF. Participation by NOAA
instruments were supported in part by the NSF through its Atmospheric
Chemistry Program to CIRES, NOAA through its Atmospheric Composition and
Climate Program and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and
NASA through its Upper Atmosphere Research Program and Radiation
Sciences Program. We thank the pilots, mechanics, technicians and
scientific crew working on HIPPO. We thank C. Sweeney and D. Fitzjarrald
for aiding in interpretation of results and D. Nance for his
contribution to H2O observations. The authors gratefully
acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the provision of the
HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website
(http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.php) used in this publication.
NR 27
TC 50
Z9 55
U1 2
U2 74
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 5
BP 318
EP 321
DI 10.1038/NGEO1452
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 934RP
UT WOS:000303464100010
ER
PT J
AU Kunieda, S
Haight, RC
Kawano, T
Chadwick, MB
Sterbenz, SM
Bateman, FB
Wasson, OA
Grimes, SM
Maier-Komor, P
Vonach, H
Fukahori, T
Watanabe, Y
AF Kunieda, S.
Haight, R. C.
Kawano, T.
Chadwick, M. B.
Sterbenz, S. M.
Bateman, F. B.
Wasson, O. A.
Grimes, S. M.
Maier-Komor, P.
Vonach, H.
Fukahori, T.
Watanabe, Y.
TI Measurement and model analysis of (n, x alpha) cross sections for Cr,
Fe, Co-59, and Ni-58,Ni-60 from threshold energy to 150 MeV
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; PARTICLE PRODUCTION; GRIFFIN MODEL; EXCITON MODEL;
FAST-NEUTRONS; EMISSION; DENSITY; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; PARAMETER
AB Neutron reactions that produce a particles have been investigated experimentally and analyzed by reaction model calculations for incident neutron energies from threshold to 150 MeV on elemental chromium and iron. The cross sections were measured at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center by direct observation of alpha particles. Previous data on isotopes Co-59 and Ni-58,Ni-60 were also included in the analysis. The model calculations are made for both statistical decay and pre-equilibrium processes. This study particularly focuses on the pre-equilibrium cluster emission, which is described by the clustering exciton model of Iwamoto and Harada. We calculate the alpha-particle formation factors numerically without any of the approximations that appeared in the original model. The model parameter Delta R, the nuclear surface area where the pickup reaction may occur, is determined by fitting the calculated alpha-particle energy spectra to experimental data. The calculated alpha-particle-production cross sections agree well with the measured data, except for the Cr case. With a simple sensitivity study for the level density parameters, it is reported that relatively small changes in the level density parameters improve the reproduction of experimental data significantly. Our realistic model calculations for the pre-equilibrium process shed light on uncertainties in the nuclear level densities in statistical decay calculation.
C1 [Kunieda, S.; Haight, R. C.; Kawano, T.; Chadwick, M. B.; Sterbenz, S. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Kunieda, S.; Fukahori, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nucl Data Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Bateman, F. B.; Wasson, O. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Grimes, S. M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Maier-Komor, P.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Vonach, H.] Univ Vienna, Inst Radiumforsch & Kernphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Watanabe, Y.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Adv Energy Engn Sci, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan.
RP Kunieda, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM kunieda.satoshi@jaea.go.jp
RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016
FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy
at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX One of the authors (S.K.) thanks the Los Alamos National Laboratory for
hospitality during his stay. He is also grateful to Dr. S. Okajima of
the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, who encouraged this study. This work
benefited from the use of the LANSCE accelerator facility as it was
carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security
Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National
Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 46
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0556-2813
J9 PHYS REV C
JI Phys. Rev. C
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 5
AR 054602
DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.054602
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA 933VF
UT WOS:000303391100005
ER
PT J
AU Shen, XY
Liu, J
Li, XF
AF Shen Xinyong
Liu Jia
Li, Xiaofan
TI Torrential rainfall responses to ice microphysical processes during
pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE ice crystal radius; accretion efficiency; cloud-resolving model
simulation
ID CONVECTIVE STORMS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL
RAINBANDS; CLOUDS; MODEL; WATER; PARAMETERIZATION; RADIATION; PHASE
AB In this study, the effects of key ice microphysical processes on the pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 were investigated. A series of two-dimensional sensitivity cloud-resolving model simulations were forced with zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature, and water vapor advection data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). The effects of key ice microphysical processes on the responses of rainfall to large-scale forcing were analyzed by comparing two sensitivity experiments with a control experiment. In one sensitivity experiment, ice crystal radius, associated with depositional growth of snow from cloud ice, was reduced from 100 A mu m in the control experiment to 50 A mu m, and in the other sensitivity experiment the efficiency of the growth of graupel from the accretion of snow was reduced to 50% from 100% in the control experiment. The results show that the domain-mean rainfall responses to these ice microphysical processes are stronger during the decay phase than during the onset and mature phases. During the decay phase, the increased mean rain rate resulting from the decrease in ice crystal radius is associated with the enhanced mean local atmospheric drying, the increased mean local hydrometeor loss, and the suppressed mean water vapor divergence. The increased mean rain rate caused by the reduction in accretion efficiency is related to the reduced mean water vapor divergence and the enhanced mean local hydrometeor loss.
C1 [Shen Xinyong; Liu Jia] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM shenxy@nuist.edu.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China
[2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41075039,
41175065]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher
Education Institutions (PAPD)
FX The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model,
and Dr. N. Sun at I. M. Systems Group, Inc. for technical assistance
accessing NCEP/GDAS data. This study was supported by the National Key
Basic Research and Development Project of China (Grant No.
2011CB403405), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant
Nos. 41075039 and 41175065), the Priority Academic Program Development
of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
NR 38
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 3
BP 493
EP 500
DI 10.1007/s00376-011-1122-4
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 929JX
UT WOS:000303058800007
ER
PT J
AU Harrison, RA
Davies, JA
Mostl, C
Liu, Y
Temmer, M
Bisi, MM
Eastwood, JP
de Koning, CA
Nitta, N
Rollett, T
Farrugia, CJ
Forsyth, RJ
Jackson, BV
Jensen, EA
Kilpua, EKJ
Odstrcil, D
Webb, DF
AF Harrison, R. A.
Davies, J. A.
Moestl, C.
Liu, Y.
Temmer, M.
Bisi, M. M.
Eastwood, J. P.
de Koning, C. A.
Nitta, N.
Rollett, T.
Farrugia, C. J.
Forsyth, R. J.
Jackson, B. V.
Jensen, E. A.
Kilpua, E. K. J.
Odstrcil, D.
Webb, D. F.
TI Y AN ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN AND PROPAGATION OF THE MULTIPLE CORONAL MASS
EJECTIONS OF 2010 AUGUST 1
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections
(CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: flares; Sun: heliosphere
ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CME-CME INTERACTION; SOLAR-WIND; STEREO MISSION;
IMAGER SMEI; II BURST; RADIO; KINEMATICS; SIGNATURES; DENSITY
AB On 2010 August 1, the northern solar hemisphere underwent significant activity that involved a complex set of active regions near central meridian with, nearby, two large prominences and other more distant active regions. This activity culminated in the eruption of four major coronal mass ejections (CMEs), effects of which were detected at Earth and other solar system bodies. Recognizing the unprecedented wealth of data from the wide range of spacecraft that were available-providing the potential for us to explore methods for CME identification and tracking, and to assess issues regarding onset and planetary impact-we present a comprehensive analysis of this sequence of CMEs. We show that, for three of the four major CMEs, onset is associated with prominence eruption, while the remaining CME appears to be closely associated with a flare. Using instrumentation on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft, three of the CMEs could be tracked out to elongations beyond 50 degrees; their directions and speeds have been determined by various methods, not least to assess their potential for Earth impact. The analysis techniques that can be applied to the other CME, the first to erupt, are more limited since that CME was obscured by the subsequent, much faster event before it had propagated far from the Sun; we discuss the speculation that these two CMEs interact. The consistency of the results, derived from the wide variety of methods applied to such an extraordinarily complete data set, has allowed us to converge on robust interpretations of the CME onsets and their arrivals at 1 AU.
C1 [Harrison, R. A.; Davies, J. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.; Rollett, T.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
[Moestl, C.; Temmer, M.; Rollett, T.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria.
[Moestl, C.; Liu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Liu, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Space Weather, Natl Space Sci Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Bisi, M. M.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, Wales.
[Bisi, M. M.; Jackson, B. V.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Eastwood, J. P.; Forsyth, R. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder Colorado, CO 80305 USA.
[Nitta, N.] Lockheed Martin Adv Technol Ctr, Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
[Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Jensen, E. A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
[Kilpua, E. K. J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
[Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Dept Computat & Data Sci, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA 02459 USA.
RP Harrison, RA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, RAL Space, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
EM Richard.Harrison@stfc.ac.uk
RI Yong, Liu/H-5333-2011; Kilpua, Emilia/G-8994-2012;
OI Liu, Ying/0000-0002-3483-5909; Moestl, Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152;
Amerstorfer, Tanja/0000-0001-9024-6706; Temmer,
Manuela/0000-0003-4867-7558
FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P20145-N16, V195-N16]; STFC at ICL; Academy
of Finland [130298]; NASA [NNX09AJ84G, NN11AB50G, NNX10AQ29G]; STFC; NSF
[ATM-0925023, ATM-0852246, AGS-1053766, AGS-1140211]; European Union
[263252]; European Community; Navy [N00173-07-1-G016, N00173-10-1-G001];
UK Space Agency; CNES; USAF
FX We dedicate this paper to the memory of Andy Breen-the strong and gentle
voice we knew in heliospheric physics is now silent. We acknowledge
enthusiastic discussions by the attendees of three workshops, which were
crucial in bringing together this paper. These workshops were held in
January 2011 in Abingdon, England, in March 2011 in Graz, Austria, and
in June 2011 in Aberystwyth, Wales. C. M., M. T., and T. R. recognize
support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), P20145-N16 and V195-N16.
J.P.E. is funded through an STFC Advanced Fellowship at ICL. EKJK
acknowledges the financial support of the Academy of Finland, project
130298. C.A.d.K. was supported by a NASA Living with a Star TR&T grant,
NNX09AJ84G. M. M. B. was partly funded for activities relevant to this
work by an STFC standard grant to Aberystwyth University and also by NSF
award ATM-0925023. The SMEI analysis group at the UCSD acknowledges
funding from NASA award NN11AB50G and NSF awards ATM-0852246 and
AGS-1053766. This work has also received funding from the European Union
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no.
263252 (COMESEP). This research was supported by a Marie Curie
International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community
Framework Programme. C.J.F. acknowledges support from NASA grant
NNX10AQ29G and NSF grant AGS-1140211. The work of D. F. W. was supported
by Navy contracts N00173-07-1-G016 and N00173-10-1-G001. We acknowledge
and thank the members of the STEREO/HI, EUVI, COR, and S/WAVES
instrument teams and the SDO and SMEI instrument teams and acknowledge
the funding that supports those instruments from NASA, the UK Space
Agency, CNES, and the USAF.
NR 50
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 15
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 750
IS 1
AR 45
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/45
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 929LB
UT WOS:000303063500045
ER
PT J
AU Tavazza, F
Levine, LE
Chaka, AM
AF Tavazza, F.
Levine, L. E.
Chaka, A. M.
TI Impurity-driven structural deformations in 2D-and 3D-ordered gold
nanowires
SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gold; Nanowire; Impurity; Oxygen; CO; DFT
ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; SIGNATURE; MOLECULES; ATOMS
AB Density functional theory is used to explore the adsorption of light impurities (O, O-2 and CO) on the ordered atomic structures that self organize during the late stages of tensile deformation of gold nanowires. Because such ordering precedes the formation of the single atom chain, adsorption at this stage may critically alter the formation and/or the properties of the single atom chain itself. Two particular structures are investigated: the 3-dimensional "Triangular 110" and the 2-dimensional "ZigZag". The absorbed molecules produce significant changes in the structure of the nanowires and exhibit a wide range of adsorption energies. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.; Chaka, A. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ftavazza@nist.gov
NR 47
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2210-271X
EI 1872-7999
J9 COMPUT THEOR CHEM
JI Comput. Theor. Chem.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 987
SI SI
BP 84
EP 89
DI 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.11.032
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 929XE
UT WOS:000303098200012
ER
PT J
AU Chaka, AM
Oxford, GAE
Stubbs, JE
Eng, PJ
Bargar, JR
AF Chaka, Anne M.
Oxford, Gloria A. E.
Stubbs, Joanne E.
Eng, Peter J.
Bargar, John R.
TI Density-functional theory investigation of oxidative corrosion of UO2
SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Uranium dioxide; Density functional theory; Ab initio thermodynamics;
Oxidation; Corrosion; Surface
ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; SURFACE STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION;
URANIUM-DIOXIDE; POINT-DEFECTS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION;
PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BIOGENIC URANINITE; OXYGEN DIFFUSION
AB Corrosion and weathering of uranium dioxide (UO2) is a serious concern in a broad range of technological and environmental systems. Oxidation of UO2 can compromise the integrity of nuclear fuel rods, as well as result in the bioavailability of uranium in contaminated ground water at mines, mills, and nuclear waste storage facilities. How the oxidation proceeds, however, is not well understood. In this work, density-functional theory and ab initio thermodynamics are used to delineate the initial stages of surface and subsurface oxidation of UO2 at the (1 1 1) surface as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. Initially, chemisorption of oxygen on the clean stoichiometric surface results in formation of highly stable triple-bonded uranyl groups and oxidation of the topmost uranium atoms to U6+ at a minimal p(O-2) near 0 K. Once the surface is saturated with uranyl groups and the oxygen chemical potential increases above -1.0 eV, subsurface oxidation becomes thermodynamically favored. The degree of oxidation of the subsurface uranium atoms is determined by quantifying the transfer of electrons from the localized U 5f bands to those dominated by the delocalized O 2p bands as oxygen atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites in the UO2 lattice. Occupation of the octahedral site nearest the surface results in an expansion of the lattice, whereas movement of the oxygen interstitial to deeper sites results in a net contraction. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Chaka, Anne M.; Oxford, Gloria A. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stubbs, Joanne E.; Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Chaka, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM anne.chaka@nist.gov
RI Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013
OI Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009
NR 105
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 49
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2210-271X
J9 COMPUT THEOR CHEM
JI Comput. Theor. Chem.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 987
SI SI
BP 90
EP 102
DI 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.11.028
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 929XE
UT WOS:000303098200013
ER
PT J
AU Soler, T
Han, JY
Weston, ND
AF Soler, T.
Han, J. Y.
Weston, N. D.
TI Alternative transformation from Cartesian to geodetic coordinates by
least squares for GPS georeferencing applications
SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cartesian coordinates; Geodetic coordinates; Inverse transformation;
Least squares
ID ACCURACY
AB The inverse transformation of coordinates, from Cartesian to curvilinear geodetic, or symbolically (x,y,z)->(lambda,phi,h) has been extensively researched in the geodetic literature. However, published formulations require that the application must be deterministically implemented point-by-point individually. Recently, and thanks to GPS technology, scientists have made available thousands of determinations of the coordinates (x,y,z) at a single point perhaps characterized by different observational circumstances such as date, length of occupation time, distance and geometric distribution of reference stations, etc. In this paper a least squares (LS) solution is introduced to determine a unique set of geodetic coordinates, with accompanying accuracy predictions all based on the given sets of individual (x,y,.z) GPS-obtained values and their variance-covariance matrices. The (x,y,z) coordinates are used as pseudo-observations with their attached stochastic information in the LS process to simultaneously compute a unique set of (lambda,phi,h) curvilinear geodetic coordinates from different observing scenarios. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Soler, T.; Weston, N. D.] NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Han, J. Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM tom.soler@noaa.gov
RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009; Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010
OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214;
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0098-3004
J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK
JI Comput. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 42
BP 100
EP 109
DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.10.026
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 932LA
UT WOS:000303291400012
ER
PT J
AU Gwynne, S
Kuligowski, E
Nilsson, D
AF Gwynne, Steven
Kuligowski, Erica
Nilsson, Daniel
TI Representing evacuation behavior in engineering terms
SO JOURNAL OF FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Evacuation; human behaviour; performance-based design; evacuation models
AB In performance-based analyses, engineers evaluate whether a building design and/or evacuation procedure allows occupants sufficient time to evacuate before fire conditions become untenable. Guidance exists for the calculation of the time until conditions become untenable in areas of the structure (known as the available safe egress time) during fire situations. This article presents a method for determining the amount of time required for building occupants to reach a defined point of safety (known as the required safe egress time) for a particular building design or scenario. The method requires the engineer to identify real-world factors from the building conditions/situations that influence human performance (e.g. evacuation), understand the nature of their impact on human performance and then represent this impact in terms that can be employed within evacuation model calculations. An example is also presented to demonstrate the method described here.
C1 [Kuligowski, Erica] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Nilsson, Daniel] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn & Syst Safety, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
RP Kuligowski, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov
NR 16
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 4
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 1042-3915
J9 J FIRE PROT ENG
JI J. Fire Prot. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 2
BP 133
EP 150
DI 10.1177/1042391512436788
PG 18
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 928WG
UT WOS:000303018500003
ER
PT J
AU Kedzierski, MA
AF Kedzierski, M. A.
TI Effect of Diamond Nanolubricant on R134a Pool Boiling Heat Transfer
SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ASME Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference
(MNHMT)
CY DEC 18-21, 2009
CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP ASME Nanotechnol Inst
DE additives; boiling; diamond; enhanced heat transfer; nanotechnology;
refrigerants; refrigerant/lubricant mixtures
AB This paper quantifies the influence of diamond nanoparticles on the pool boiling performance of R134a/polyolester mixtures on a roughened, horizontal, and flat surface. Nanofluids are liquids that contain dispersed nanosize particles. A lubricant based nanofluid (nanolubricant) was made by suspending 10 nm diameter diamond particles in a synthetic ester to roughly a 2.6% volume fraction. For the 0.5% nanolubricant mass fraction, the nanoparticles caused a heat transfer enhancement relative to the heat transfer of pure R134a/polyolester (99.5/0.5) up to 129%. A similar enhancement was observed for the R134a/nanolubricant (99/1) mixture, which had a heat flux that was on average 91% larger than that of the R134a/polyolester (99/1) mixture. Further increase in the nanolubricant mass fraction to 2% resulted in boiling heat transfer degradation of approximately 19% for the best performing tests. It was speculated that the poor quality of the nanolubricant suspension caused the performance of the (99.5/0.5), and the (98/2) nanolubricant mixtures to decay over time to, on average, 36% and 76% of the of pure R134a/polyolester performance, respectively. Thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements and a refrigerant\lubricant mixture pool-boiling model were used to suggest that increases in thermal conductivity and lubricant viscosity are mainly responsible for the heat transfer enhancement due to nanoparticles. Particle size measurements were used to suggest that particle agglomeration induced a lack of performance repeatability for the (99.5/0.5) and the (98/2) mixtures. From the results of the present study, it is speculated that if a good dispersion of nanoparticles in the lubricant is not obtained, then the agglomerated nanoparticles will not provide interaction with bubbles, which is favorable for heat transfer. Further research with nanolubricants and refrigerants are required to establish a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control nanofluid heat transfer. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005631]
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 226,Room B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 13
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0022-1481
J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME
JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 134
IS 5
AR 051001
DI 10.1115/1.4005631
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Engineering
GA 931ZL
UT WOS:000303257900002
ER
PT J
AU Buonaccorsi, VP
Kimbrell, CA
Lynn, EA
Hyde, JR
AF Buonaccorsi, Vincent P.
Kimbrell, Carol A.
Lynn, Eric A.
Hyde, John R.
TI Comparative Population Genetic Analysis of Bocaccio Rockfish Sebastes
paucispinis Using Anonymous and Gene-Associated Simple Sequence Repeat
Loci
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE comparative genomics; marine fisheries; microsatellite; stock structure;
threatened species
ID MARINE; MICROSATELLITES; SELECTION; ATLANTIC; MARKERS; SSRS; DNA;
DIFFERENTIATION; ADAPTATION; MUTATIONS
AB Comparative population genetic analyses of traditional and emergent molecular markers aid in determining appropriate use of new technologies. The bocaccio rockfish Sebastes paucispinis is a high gene-flow marine species off the west coast of North America that experienced strong population decline over the past 3 decades. We used 18 anonymous and 13 gene-associated simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci (expressed sequence tag [EST]-SSRs) to characterize range-wide population structure with temporal replicates. No F-ST-outliers were detected using the LOSITAN program, suggesting that neither balancing nor divergent selection affected the loci surveyed. Consistent hierarchical structuring of populations by geography or year class was not detected regardless of marker class. The EST-SSRs were less variable than the anonymous SSRs, but no correlation between F-ST and variation or marker class was observed. General linear model analysis showed that low EST-SSR variation was attributable to low mean repeat number. Comparative genomic analysis with Gasterosteus aculeatus, Takifugu rubripes, and Oryzias latipes showed consistently lower repeat number in EST-SSRs than SSR loci that were not in ESTs. Purifying selection likely imposed functional constraints on EST-SSRs resulting in low repeat numbers that affected diversity estimates but did not affect the observed pattern of population structure.
C1 [Buonaccorsi, Vincent P.] Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA.
[Kimbrell, Carol A.; Lynn, Eric A.; Hyde, John R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
RP Buonaccorsi, VP (reprint author), Juniata Coll, Dept Biol, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA.
EM buonaccorsi@juniata.edu
FU Juniata College; Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine
Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA
FX Internal funds from Juniata College and the Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, CA, were used to
complete this work.
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 23
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 103
IS 3
BP 391
EP 399
DI 10.1093/jhered/ess002
PG 9
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 933AO
UT WOS:000303331800009
PM 22490232
ER
PT J
AU Lorincz, O
Toke, ER
Somogyi, E
Horkay, F
Chandran, PL
Douglas, JF
Szebeni, J
Lisziewicz, J
AF Lorincz, Orsolya
Toke, Eniko R.
Somogyi, Eszter
Horkay, Ferenc
Chandran, Preethi L.
Douglas, Jack F.
Szebeni, Janos
Lisziewicz, Julianna
TI Structure and biological activity of pathogen-like synthetic
nanomedicines
SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Vaccine; Immunotherapy; Immunity; DermaVir
ID GENE DELIVERY; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; POTENTIAL BARRIER; CATIONIC
LIPIDS; PLASMID DNA; IN-VITRO; COMPLEXES; HYPERSENSITIVITY;
POLYETHYLENIMINE; DERMAVIR
AB Here we characterize the structure, stability and intracellular mode of action of DermaVir nanomedicine that is under clinical development for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This nanomedicine comprises pathogen-like pDNA/PEIm nanoparticles (NPs) having the structure and function resembling spherical viruses that naturally evolved to deliver nucleic acids to the cells. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated spherical 100 - 200 nm NPs with a smooth polymer surface protecting the pDNA in the core. Optical absorption determined both the NP structural stability and biological activity relevant to their ability to escape from the endosome and release the pDNA at the nucleus. Salt, pH and temperature influence nanomedicine shelf-life and intracellular stability. This approach facilitates the development of diverse polyplex nanomedicines where the delivered pDNA-expressed antigens induce immune responses to kill infected cells.
From the Clinical Editor: The authors investigated DermaVir nanomedicine comprised of pathogen-like pDNA/PEIm nanoparticles with structure and function resembling spherical viruses. DermaVir delivery of pDNA expresses antigens that induce immune responses to kill HIV infected cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lorincz, Orsolya; Toke, Eniko R.; Somogyi, Eszter; Lisziewicz, Julianna] Genet Immun Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary.
[Horkay, Ferenc; Chandran, Preethi L.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Sect Tissue Biophys & Biomimet, Program Pediat Imaging & Tissue Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Szebeni, Janos] Bay Zoltan Fdn Appl Res, Nanomed Res & Educ Ctr, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
[Szebeni, Janos] Semmelweis Univ, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
[Lisziewicz, Julianna] Genet Immun LLC, Mclean, VA USA.
RP Lisziewicz, J (reprint author), Genet Immun Kft, Berlini U 47-49, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary.
EM lisziewj@geneticimmunity.com
FU NICHD, NIH; NKTH [CARPA777]; [HIKC05]; [DVCLIN01]
FX Dr. Julianna Lisziewicz holds shares in Genetic Immunity. This work was
supported by grants: HIKC05 and DVCLIN01 announced by the National
Office for Research and Technology (NKTH) in Hungary. Ferene Horkay and
Preethi L. Chandran acknowledge the support of the Intramural Research
Program of the NICHD, NIH. Janos Szebeni acknowledges the grant supports
FP7 "Anticarb," NKTH CARPA777.
NR 40
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1549-9634
J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL
JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 4
BP 497
EP 506
DI 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.013
PG 10
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 930QI
UT WOS:000303153800014
PM 21839051
ER
PT J
AU Sibley, A
Biesecker, D
Millward, G
Gibbs, M
AF Sibley, Andrew
Biesecker, Doug
Millward, George
Gibbs, Mark
TI Space weather, impacts and forecasting: an overview
SO WEATHER
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR; SUN
C1 [Sibley, Andrew] Met Off, Operat Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Biesecker, Doug; Millward, George] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gibbs, Mark] Met Off, Business Serv, Exeter, Devon, England.
RP Sibley, A (reprint author), Met Off, Operat Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
EM andrew.sibley@metoffice.gov.uk
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0043-1656
J9 WEATHER
JI Weather
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 67
IS 5
BP 115
EP 120
DI 10.1002/wea.1938
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 931DS
UT WOS:000303195800006
ER
PT J
AU Kim, MS
Lee, S
Golmie, N
AF Kim, Mun-Suk
Lee, SuKyoung
Golmie, Nada
TI Enhanced fast handover for proxy mobile IPv6 in vehicular networks
SO WIRELESS NETWORKS
LA English
DT Article
DE PMIPv6; Fast handover; Vehicular networks; Packet loss; Handover latency
ID AD-HOC NETWORKS
AB To reduce the handover latency in PMIPv6, Fast Handover for PMIPv6 (PFMIPv6) is being standardized in the IETF. On the other hand, vehicle-roadside data access has been envisioned to be useful in many commercial Internet services; however, integrating the current Internet into Vehicular Networks (VNs) presents a new set of challenges. In particular, to provide rapid IP handover in the VNs, simply applying PFMIPv6 to VNs may not improve handover performance since PFMIPv6 handover restricts the previous Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) from forwarding the packets until it receives an HAck/HI from the next MAG, even though the vehicle may have already arrived at the next MAG. We also note that PFMIPv6 does not consider the impact of geographic restriction on vehicular mobility. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an enhanced PFMIPv6 (ePFMIPv6) for VNs in which the serving MAG pre-establishes a tunnel with candidate next MAGs for next MAG so that the packets can be immediately forwarded to the next MAG once the serving MAG is indicated the vehicle's handover by the serving road side unit. To evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol, we derive analytical expressions for packet loss, latency and signaling overhead caused by ePFMIPv6 and PFMIPv6 handovers. Our analytical study is verified by simulation results.
C1 [Kim, Mun-Suk; Lee, SuKyoung] Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
[Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Networking Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lee, S (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea.
EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr
FU Korea Research Foundation; Korean Government (MOEHRD)
[KRF-2008-531-D00016]
FX This research was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant
funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund)
(KRF-2008-531-D00016).
NR 16
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1022-0038
J9 WIREL NETW
JI Wirel. Netw.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 4
BP 401
EP 411
DI 10.1007/s11276-011-0407-y
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 931FR
UT WOS:000303202000004
ER
PT J
AU Quinn, GD
Hoffman, K
Quinn, JB
AF Quinn, George D.
Hoffman, Kathleen
Quinn, Janet B.
TI Strength and fracture origins of a feldspathic porcelain
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Flaws; Strength distribution; Strength; Porcelain; Weibull modulus;
Pores; Bubbles
ID FLEXURAL STRENGTH; BRITTLE MATERIALS; WEIBULL ANALYSIS; TOUGHNESS
AB Objectives. To identify the strength limiting flaws in in vitro test specimens of a fine-grained feldspathic dental porcelain.
Methods. Four-point flexural strengths were measured for 26 test specimens. The fracture origin site of every test specimen was studied using stereoptical and scanning electron microscopy. A fractographically labeled Weibull strength distribution graph was prepared.
Results. The complex microstructure of the feldspathic dental porcelain included a variety of feldspars, tridymite, and a feldspathoid as well as pores/bubbles and residual glass. The relatively high flexural strength is due in part to the fine grain size. Fractography revealed five flaw types that controlled strength: baseline microstructural flaws, pores/bubbles, side wall grinding damage, corner machining damage, and inclusions. The baseline microstructural flaws probably were clusters of particular crystalline phases.
Significance. Each flaw type probably has a different severity and size distribution, and hence has a different strength distribution. The Weibull strength distribution graph blended the strength distributions of the five flaw types and the apparent good fit of the combined data to a unimodal strength distribution was misleading. Polishing failed to eliminate deeper transverse grinding cracks and corner damage from earlier preparation steps in many of the test pieces. Bend bars should be prepared carefully with longitudinal surface grinding whenever possible and edge chamfers should be carefully applied. If the grinding and preparation flaws were eliminated, the Weibull modulus for this feldspathic porcelain would be greater than 30. Pores/bubbles sometimes controlled strength, but only if they touched each other or an exposed surface. Isolated interior bubble/pores were harmless. (C) 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Quinn, George D.; Hoffman, Kathleen; Quinn, Janet B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Stop 854-6, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM george.quinn@nist.gov
FU NIH [R01-DE17983]
FX This report was made possible by a grant from NIH, R01-DE17983, and the
people and facilities at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology and the ADAF Paffenbarger Research Center. The authors
appreciate the assistance of Dr. N. Eidelman for generating the X-ray
diffraction pattern.
NR 32
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U1 0
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 5
BP 502
EP 511
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.005
PG 10
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 925HJ
UT WOS:000302751500009
PM 22217606
ER
PT J
AU Cheng, L
Weir, MD
Xu, HHK
Antonucci, JM
Kraigsley, AM
Lin, NJ
Lin-Gibson, S
Zhou, XD
AF Cheng, Lei
Weir, Michael D.
Xu, Hockin H. K.
Antonucci, Joseph M.
Kraigsley, Alison M.
Lin, Nancy J.
Lin-Gibson, Sheng
Zhou, Xuedong
TI Antibacterial amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposites with a
quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate and silver nanoparticles
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Antibacterial nanocomposite; Amorphous calcium phosphate; Quaternary
ammonium salt; Silver nanoparticles; Streptococcus mutans biofilm;
Stress-bearing; Tooth caries inhibition
ID STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; DENTAL COMPOSITES; RESIN-COMPOSITES; RESTORATIVE
MATERIALS; SHRINKAGE-STRESS; SECONDARY CARIES; GAP SIZE; MODEL;
DEMINERALIZATION; POLYMERIZATION
AB Objectives. Calcium and phosphate ion-releasing resin composites are promising for remineralization. However, there has been no report on incorporating antibacterial agents to these composites. The objective of this study was to develop antibacterial and mechanically strong nanocomposites incorporating a quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), nanoparticles of silver (NAg), and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Methods. The QADM, bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) dimethylammonium bromide (ionic dimethacrylate-1), was synthesized from 2-(N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate and 2-bromoethyl methacrylate. NAg was synthesized by dissolving Ag 2-ethylhexanoate salt in 2-(tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate. Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure with bars of 2 mm x 2 mm x 25 mm (n = 6). Composite disks (diameter = 9 mm, thickness = 2 mm) were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. The metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms were measured (n = 6). Two commercial composites were used as controls.
Results. Flexural strength and elastic modulus of NACP + QADM, NACP + NAg, and NACP + QADM + NAg matched those of commercial composites with no antibacterial property (p > 0.1). The NACP + QADM + NAg composite decreased the titer counts of adherent S. mutans biofilms by an order of magnitude, compared to the commercial composites (p < 0.05). The metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms on NACP + QADM + NAg composite were much less than those on commercial composites (p < 0.05). Combining QADM and NAg rendered the nanocomposite more strongly antibacterial than either agent alone (p < 0.05).
Significance. QADM and NAg were incorporated into calcium phosphate composite for the first time. NACP + QADM + NAg was strongly antibacterial and greatly reduced the titer counts, metabolic activity, and acid production of S. mutans biofilms, while possessing mechanical properties similar to commercial composites. These nanocomposites are promising to have the double benefits of remineralization and antibacterial capabilities to inhibit dental caries. (C) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cheng, Lei; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, W China Coll Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Antonucci, Joseph M.; Kraigsley, Alison M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM hxu@umaryland.edu; zhouxd@scu.edu.cn
RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013
OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787
FU NIH [DE17974, DE14190]; NIDCR-NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; University of
Maryland Dental School; NIST; West China College of Stomatology
FX We thank Dr. L. C. Chow and Dr. L. Sun of the American Dental
Association Foundation (ADAF) for discussions, and Dr. Qianming Chen of
the West China College of Stomatology for help. We are grateful to
Esstech (Essington, PA) and Dr. Sibel A. Antonson at Ivoclar Vivadent
(Amherst, NY) for donating the materials. We acknowledge the technical
support of the Core Imaging Facility of the University of Maryland
Baltimore. This study was supported by NIH R01 grants DE17974 and
DE14190 (HX), NIDCR-NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01, University
of Maryland Dental School, NIST, and West China College of Stomatology.
NR 59
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U1 6
U2 88
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 5
BP 561
EP 572
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.005
PG 12
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 925HJ
UT WOS:000302751500017
PM 22305716
ER
PT J
AU Cheng, L
Weir, MD
Xu, HHK
Kraigsley, AM
Lin, NJ
Lin-Gibson, S
Zhou, XD
AF Cheng, Lei
Weir, Michael D.
Xu, Hockin H. K.
Kraigsley, Alison M.
Lin, Nancy J.
Lin-Gibson, Sheng
Zhou, Xuedong
TI Antibacterial and physical properties of calcium-phosphate and
calcium-fluoride nanocomposites with chlorhexidine
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dental nanocomposite; Calcium phosphate; Calcium fluoride;
Chlorhexidine; Stress-bearing; S. mutans biofilm; Caries inhibition
ID DENTAL COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
RESIN-COMPOSITE; HIGH-STRENGTH; RESTORATIONS; RELEASE; CARIES; MODEL;
DEMINERALIZATION
AB Objectives. Previous studies have developed calcium phosphate and fluoride releasing composites. Other studies have incorporated chlorhexidine (CHX) particles into dental composites. However, CHX has not been incorporated in calcium phosphate and fluoride composites. The objectives of this study were to develop nanocomposites containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles and CHX particles, and investigate Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and lactic acid production for the first time.
Methods. Chlorhexidine was frozen via liquid nitrogen and ground to obtain a particle size of 0.62 mu m. Four nanocomposites were fabricated with fillers of: nano ACP; nano ACP + 10% CHX; nano CaF2; nano CaF2 + 10% CHX. Three commercial materials were tested as controls: a resin-modified glass ionomer, and two composites. S. mutans live/dead assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, biofilm metabolic activity, and lactic acid were measured.
Results. Adding CHX fillers to ACP and CaF2 nanocomposites greatly increased their antimicrobial capability. ACP and CaF2 nanocomposites with CHX that were inoculated with S. mutans had a growth medium pH > 6.5 after 3 d, while the control commercial composites had a cariogenic pH of 4.2. Nanocomposites with CHX reduced the biofilm metabolic activity by 10-20 folds and reduced the acid production, compared to the controls. CFU on nanocomposites with CHX were three orders of magnitude less than that on commercial composite. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites with CHX matched a commercial composite without fluoride.
Significance. The novel calcium phosphate and fluoride nanocomposites could be rendered antibacterial with CHX to greatly reduce biofilm formation, acid production, CFU and metabolic activity. The antimicrobial and remineralizing nanocomposites with good mechanical properties may be promising for a wide range of tooth restorations with anti-caries capabilities. (C) 2012 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cheng, Lei; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, W China Sch Stomatol, State Key Lab Oral Dis, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Stem Cell Biol & Regenerat Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
[Xu, Hockin H. K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Kraigsley, Alison M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Biomat & Tissue Engn Div, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM hxu@umaryland.edu; zhouxd@scu.edu.cn
RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013
OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787
FU NIH [DE17974, DE14190]; NIDCR-NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]; University of
Maryland Dental School; NIST; West China School of Stomatology
FX We thank Dr. L. C. Chow and Dr. S. Takagi of the Paffen-barger Research
Center of the American Dental Association Foundation and Dr. J.M.
Antonucci of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
for discussions, and Dr. Qianming Chen at the West China School of
Stomatology for help. We are very grateful to Esstech (Essington, PA)
and Ivoclar Vivadent (Amherst, NY) for donating the materials. This
study was supported by NIH R01 grants DE17974 and DE14190 (HX),
NIDCR-NIST Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01, University of Maryland
Dental School, NIST, and West China School of Stomatology.
NR 56
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 5
BP 573
EP 583
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2012.01.006
PG 11
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 925HJ
UT WOS:000302751500018
PM 22317794
ER
PT J
AU Rand, PS
Berejikian, BA
Pearsons, TN
Noakes, DLG
AF Rand, Peter S.
Berejikian, Barry A.
Pearsons, Todd N.
Noakes, David L. G.
TI Ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmonids: an
introduction to the special issue
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; FISHERIES
C1 [Rand, Peter S.] Wild Salmon Ctr, Portland, OR USA.
[Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA USA.
[Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Noakes, David L. G.] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Hatchery Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA USA.
RP Rand, PS (reprint author), Wild Salmon Ctr, Portland, OR USA.
EM prand@wildsalmoncenter.org
NR 37
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U1 1
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9987-3
PG 6
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500001
ER
PT J
AU Tatara, CP
Berejikian, BA
AF Tatara, Christopher P.
Berejikian, Barry A.
TI Mechanisms influencing competition between hatchery and wild juvenile
anadromous Pacific salmonids in fresh water and their relative
competitive abilities
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Competition; Hatchery and wild; Pacific salmonids; Freshwater life
stage; Relative competitive ability
ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; CHARR SALVELINUS-LEUCOMAENIS; YOUNG MIGRATORY
TROUT; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; BROWN TROUT;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; REARING ENVIRONMENT; PRIOR RESIDENCE
AB Avoiding negative effects of competition from released hatchery salmonids on wild fish is a primary concern for recovery efforts and fisheries management. Several factors affect competition among juvenile salmonids including: (1) whether competition is intra- or interspecific, (2) duration of freshwater cohabitation of hatchery and wild fish, (3) relative body size, (4) prior residence, (5) environmentally induced developmental differences, and (6) fish density. Intraspecific competition is expected to be greater than interspecific because of greater niche overlap between conspecific hatchery and wild fish. Competition is expected to increase with prolonged freshwater cohabitation. Hatchery smolts are often larger than wild, and larger fish are usually superior competitors. However, wild fish have the advantage of prior residence when defending territories and resources in natural streams. Hatchery-induced developmental differences are variable and can favor both hatchery and wild fish. Although all these factors influence competitive interactions, fish density of the composite population (wild + hatchery fish) in relation to habitat carrying capacity likely exerts the greatest influence. The extent of competition and relative competitive ability of wild and hatchery fish can be determined by additive and substitutive experimental designs, respectively, and the limited body of substitutive experiments suggests that the relative competitive ability of hatchery and wild fish is approximately equal when measured as growth. Conducting substitutive experiments becomes difficult as the spatial and temporal scales increase. Large-scale experiments comparing supplemented and control reaches or streams hold some promise for quantifying the effects of released hatchery fish on wild fish behavior, growth and survival.
C1 [Tatara, Christopher P.; Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov
NR 72
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U1 2
U2 64
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 7
EP 19
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9906-z
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500002
ER
PT J
AU Naman, SW
Sharpe, CS
AF Naman, Seth W.
Sharpe, Cameron S.
TI Predation by hatchery yearling salmonids on wild subyearling salmonids
in the freshwater environment: A review of studies, two case histories,
and implications for management
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Review
DE Hatchery; Salmon; Steelhead; Predation; Piscivore
ID CHINOOK SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; SMALLMOUTH BASS; SALAR L; PREY;
STEELHEAD; RIVER; FISH; TROUT; SIZE
AB We conducted a literature review on predation by hatchery yearling salmonids on wild subyearling salmonids in the western United States. The review included 14 studies from the Pacific Northwest and California. In most instances, predation by hatchery yearling salmonids on wild subyearling salmonids occurred at low levels. However, when multiple factors contributing to the incidence of predation were met, localized areas of heavy predation were noted. Total prey consumed ranged from 456 to 111 000 subyearlings for the few studies in which enough information was gathered to make the estimate. We examined two of these studies in more detail: one detecting relatively low predation in four western Washington rivers and one detecting relatively high predation in the Trinity River in northern California. In the case of the rivers in western Washington, over 70% of wild subyearlings had migrated by the time hatchery steelhead were planted and those remaining had grown large enough to reduce their vulnerability to predation. In the case of the Trinity River, less than 20% of wild subyearlings had migrated by the time hatchery steelhead were planted and most were small enough to remain highly vulnerable to predation. We found that managers can effectively minimize the predation rate of hatchery yearling salmonids by reducing the spatial or temporal overlap of predator and prey. Unknown is the extent to which low predation rates, which likely occur in most places hatchery yearlings are released, might still negatively impact prey populations that are at low abundance because of other anthropogenic factors.
C1 [Naman, Seth W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Sharpe, Cameron S.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Kelso, WA 98626 USA.
RP Naman, SW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1655 Heindon Rd, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM seth.naman@noaa.gov
NR 41
TC 7
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U1 4
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 21
EP 28
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9819-x
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500003
ER
PT J
AU Berejikian, BA
Larsen, DA
Swanson, P
Moore, ME
Tatara, CP
Gale, WL
Pasley, CR
Beckman, BR
AF Berejikian, Barry A.
Larsen, Donald A.
Swanson, Penny
Moore, Megan E.
Tatara, Christopher P.
Gale, William L.
Pasley, Chris R.
Beckman, Brian R.
TI Development of natural growth regimes for hatchery-reared steelhead to
reduce residualism, fitness loss, and negative ecological interactions
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Steelhead trout; Fitness; Domestication; Ecological interactions;
Residualism; Hatchery
ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ATLANTIC SALMON;
RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC-VARIATION; MALE MATURATION; WILD ANCESTRY;
LIFE-HISTORY; RIVER; SALAR
AB Wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) typically spend two or more years in freshwater before migrating to sea, but hatchery steelhead are almost ubiquitously released as yearlings. Their large size at release coupled with life history pathways that include both male and female maturation in freshwater present ecological risks different from those posed by hatchery populations of Pacific salmon. Yearling hatchery reared steelhead that fail to attain minimum thresholds for smoltification or exceed thresholds for male maturation tend to 'residualize' (i.e., remain in freshwater). Residuals pose ecological risks including size-biased interference competition and predation on juvenile salmon and trout. Three hatchery populations of steelhead in Hood Canal, WA were reared under growth regimes designed to produce a more natural age at smoltification (age-2) to aid in rebuilding their respective natural populations. Mean smolt sizes and size variability at age-2 were within the range of wild smolts for two of the three populations. The third population reared at a different facility under similar temperatures exhibited high growth rate variability and high male maturation rates (20% of all released fish). Experimentally comparing age-1 and age-2 smolt programs will help identify optimal rearing strategies to reduce the genetic risk of domestication selection and reduce residualism rates and associated negative ecological effects on natural populations. Investigations of Winthrop National Fish Hatchery summer-run steelhead will measure a) selection on correlated behavioral traits ('behavioral syndromes'), b) degree of smoltification, c) changes in hormones that regulate gonad growth at key developmental stages, and d) conduct extensive post-release monitoring of fish reared under each growth regime.
C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Moore, Megan E.; Tatara, Christopher P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Larsen, Donald A.; Swanson, Penny; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Gale, William L.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Mid Columbia River Fishery Resource Off, Leavenworth, WA 98826 USA.
[Pasley, Chris R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Winthrop, WA 98862 USA.
RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov
NR 65
TC 15
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 29
EP 44
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9788-0
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500004
ER
PT J
AU Sturdevant, MV
Fergusson, E
Hillgruber, N
Reese, C
Orsi, J
Focht, R
Wertheimer, A
Smoker, B
AF Sturdevant, Molly V.
Fergusson, Emily
Hillgruber, Nicola
Reese, Carl
Orsi, Joe
Focht, Rick
Wertheimer, Alex
Smoker, Bill
TI Lack of trophic competition among wild and hatchery juvenile chum salmon
during early marine residence in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Juvenile Pacific salmon; Hatchery-wild; Trophic interactions;
Emigration; Oncorhynchus keta; Chum salmon; Diet; Energy density; Early
marine; Prey partitioning
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; PINK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
PACIFIC SALMON; FEEDING-HABITS; ENERGY DENSITY; HIGH SURVIVAL; SMALL
ESTUARY; LIFE-HISTORY
AB Early marine trophic interactions of wild and hatchery chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were examined as a potential cause for the decline in harvests of adult wild chum salmon in Taku Inlet, Southeast Alaska. In 2004 and 2005, outmigrating juvenile chum salmon were sampled in nearshore habitats of the inlet (spring) and in epipelagic habitat at Icy Strait (summer) as they approached the Gulf of Alaska. Fish were frozen for energy density determination or preserved for diet analyses, and hatchery stocks were identified from the presence of thermal marks on otoliths. We compared feeding intensity, diets, energy density, and size relationships of wild and hatchery stocks (n = 3123) across locations and weeks. Only hatchery fish feeding intensity was negatively correlated with fish abundance. In both years, hatchery chum salmon were initially larger and had greater energy density than wild fish, but lost condition in early weeks after release as they adapted to feeding on wild prey assemblages. Diets differed between the stocks at all inlet locations, but did not differ for hatchery salmon between littoral and neritic habitats in the outer inlet, where the stocks overlapped most. Both diets and energy density converged by late June. Therefore, if density-dependent interactions affect wild chum salmon, these effects must be very rapid because survivors in Icy Strait showed few differences. Our study also demonstrates that hatchery release strategies used near Taku Inlet successfully promote early spatial segregation and prey partitioning, which reduce the probability of competition between wild and hatchery chum salmon stocks.
C1 [Sturdevant, Molly V.; Fergusson, Emily; Orsi, Joe; Wertheimer, Alex] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Hillgruber, Nicola; Smoker, Bill] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Reese, Carl] Alaska Dept Environm Conservat, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Focht, Rick] Douglas Isl Pink & Chum Inc, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Sturdevant, MV (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM molly.sturdevant@noaa.gov
FU Pacific Coast Salmon Restoration Fund; Pacific Salmon Commission
FX This cooperative investigation by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center's
Auke Bay Laboratories, the University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of
Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game
(ADFG), and DIPAC Incorporated was supported by the Pacific Coast Salmon
Restoration Fund administered by the ADFG through the Southeast
Sustainable Salmon Fund. The SECM work was also supported by the Pacific
Salmon Commission Northern Fund. We dedicate this work to J. Landingham
and L. Macaulay, and we thank D. Teersteg, B. Meredith, M. Wunderlich,
S. Ballard, K. Hock, C. Farrington, B. Howard, M. Kohan, J. Mitchell, D.
Rhea-Fournier, the officers and crew of NOAA ship John N. Cobb, and
Capt. R. Dobrydnia of the chartered vessel F/V Teasha for field sampling
and laboratory assistance, and two anonymous reviewers. The findings and
conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
NR 67
TC 7
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 101
EP 116
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9899-7
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500008
ER
PT J
AU Daly, EA
Brodeur, RD
Fisher, JP
Weitkamp, LA
Teel, DJ
Beckman, BR
AF Daly, Elizabeth A.
Brodeur, Richard D.
Fisher, Joseph P.
Weitkamp, Laurie A.
Teel, David J.
Beckman, Brian R.
TI Spatial and trophic overlap of marked and unmarked Columbia River Basin
spring Chinook salmon during early marine residence with implications
for competition between hatchery and naturally produced fish
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Columbia River Basin; Marine; Juvenile Chinook salmon; Spatial; Trophic;
Competition; Hatchery; Wild
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; WIRE TAG
RECOVERIES; PINK SALMON; JUVENILE CHINOOK; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC
SALMON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PUGET-SOUND
AB Ecological interactions between natural and hatchery juvenile salmon during their early marine residence, a time of high mortality, have received little attention. These interactions may negatively influence survival and hamper the ability of natural populations to recover. We examined the spatial distributions and size differences of both marked (hatchery) and unmarked (a high proportion of which are natural) juvenile Chinook salmon in the coastal waters of Oregon and Washington from May to June 1999-2009. We also explored potential trophic interactions and growth differences between unmarked and marked salmon. Overlap in spatial distribution between these groups was high, although catches of unmarked fish were low compared to those of marked hatchery salmon. Peak catches of hatchery fish occurred in May, while a prolonged migration of small unmarked salmon entered our study area toward the end of June. Hatchery salmon were consistently longer than unmarked Chinook salmon especially by June, but unmarked salmon had significantly greater body condition (based on length-weight residuals) for over half of the May sampling efforts. Both unmarked and marked fish ate similar types and amounts of prey for small (station) and large (month, year) scale comparisons, and feeding intensity and growth were not significantly different between the two groups. There were synchronous interannual fluctuations in catch, length, body condition, feeding intensity, and growth between unmarked and hatchery fish, suggesting that both groups were responding similarly to ocean conditions.
C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Brodeur, Richard D.; Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Fisher, Joseph P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX Support for our research is through the Bonneville Power Administration
and we are grateful for their long term funding of our efforts. We also
thank the members of the Estuarine and Ocean Ecology group including Bob
Emmett, Bill Peterson and Ed Casillas from NMFS and Cheryl Morgan along
with numerous others from OSU who assisted in field collections,
laboratory analysis, and database creation. David Kuligowski and Don Van
Doornik (NMFS) collected the genetics data used in this study and Kathy
Cooper ran IGF-1 assays. Megan O'Connor (OSU) assisted with the R
programming. We would also like to thank Bill Pearcy, Barry Berejikian,
and two anonymous reviewers for their comments which greatly improved
the manuscript.
NR 51
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 39
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 117
EP 134
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9857-4
PG 18
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500009
ER
PT J
AU Heard, WR
AF Heard, William R.
TI Overview of salmon stock enhancement in southeast Alaska and
compatibility with maintenance of hatchery and wild stocks
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Salmon hatcheries; Straying; Wild stocks; Aquaculture
associations
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; KODIAK ISLAND; PINK SALMON; PROGRAMS
AB Modern salmon hatcheries in Southeast Alaska were established in the 1970s when wild runs were at record low levels. Enhancement programs were designed to help rehabilitate depressed fisheries and to protect wild salmon stocks through detailed planning and permitting processes that included focused policies on genetics, pathology, and management. Hatcheries were located away from significant wild stocks, local sources were used to develop hatchery broodstocks, and juveniles are marked so management can target fisheries on hatchery fish. Initially conceived as a state-run system, the Southeast Alaska (SEAK) program has evolved into a private, non-profit concept centered around regional aquaculture associations run by fishermen and other stakeholders that pay for hatchery operations through landing fees and sale of fish. Today there are 15 production hatcheries and 2 research hatcheries in SEAK that between 2005 and 2009 released from 474 to 580 million (average 517 million) juvenile salmon per year. During this same period commercial harvest of salmon in the region ranged from 28 to 71 million salmon per year (average 49 million). Contributions of hatchery-origin fish to this harvest respectively averaged 2%, 9%, 19%, 20%, and 78% for pink, sockeye, Chinook, coho, and chum salmon. Both hatchery and wild salmon stocks throughout much of Alaska have experienced high marine survivals since the 1980s and 1990s resulting in record harvests over the past two decades. Although some interactions between hatchery salmon and wild salmon are unavoidable including increasing concerns over straying of hatchery fish into wild salmon streams, obvious adverse impacts from hatcheries on production of wild salmon populations in this region are not readily evident.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Heard, WR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM bill.heard@noaa.gov
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 38
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 273
EP 283
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9855-6
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500020
ER
PT J
AU Rand, PS
Berejikian, BA
Bidlack, A
Bottom, D
Gardner, J
Kaeriyama, M
Lincoln, R
Nagata, M
Pearsons, TN
Schmidt, M
Smoker, WW
Weitkamp, LA
Zhivotovsky, LA
AF Rand, Peter S.
Berejikian, Barry A.
Bidlack, Allison
Bottom, Dan
Gardner, Julie
Kaeriyama, Masahide
Lincoln, Rich
Nagata, Mitsuhiro
Pearsons, Todd N.
Schmidt, Michael
Smoker, William W.
Weitkamp, Laurie A.
Zhivotovsky, Lev A.
TI Ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmonids and key
recommendations for research and management actions in selected regions
of the North Pacific
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ecological interactions; North Pacific Ocean; Wild salmon; Hatchery
salmon
ID COMPETITION; OCEAN
AB Advances in salmon culture practices during the latter part of the 20(th) century provided the opportunity for mass production of juvenile salmon. Hatchery-produced salmon currently outnumber wild salmon in some regions around the Pacific Rim, raising concerns about their ecological impacts on wild salmon. We convened five regional sessions at an international conference to identify and discuss issues related to ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmon. Session participants were charged with identifying key interaction types by salmon life stage. Each group was asked to summarize key research needs and identify management actions that might be needed to reduce risks from hatchery programs. Some common themes emerged in all the sessions, including the importance of predation and competition interactions in freshwater environments during juvenile life stages and breeding interactions among adults. Much less is understood about interactions in estuarine and marine ecosystems, even though these environments may be critical in determining recruitment success. Some groups identified a need for field experiments to test hypotheses related to ecological interactions and the need to understand and, where possible, control hatchery straying. Some groups also discussed the importance of carrying capacity in different environments and how hatchery programs may be contributing to density-dependent effects. There is a lack of focused studies on ecological interactions between wild and hatchery salmon in the Western Pacific. The authors of this paper hope to encourage new research efforts to better understand ecological interactions to help inform management efforts aimed at reducing hatchery risks to wild salmon.
C1 [Rand, Peter S.; Lincoln, Rich] Wild Salmon Ctr, State Salmon Program, Portland, OR USA.
[Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA USA.
[Bidlack, Allison] Ecotrust Copper River Program, Cordova, AK USA.
[Bottom, Dan; Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA.
[Gardner, Julie] Dovetail Consulting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Kaeriyama, Masahide] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.
[Nagata, Mitsuhiro] Hokkaido Salmon & Freshwater Fisheries Res Inst, Eniwa, Japan.
[Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA USA.
[Schmidt, Michael] Long Live Kings, Seattle, WA USA.
[Smoker, William W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA.
[Zhivotovsky, Lev A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Genet, Moscow V71, Russia.
RP Rand, PS (reprint author), Wild Salmon Ctr, State Salmon Program, Portland, OR USA.
EM prand@wildsalmoncenter.org
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 32
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 94
IS 1
SI SI
BP 343
EP 358
DI 10.1007/s10641-012-9988-2
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 925EB
UT WOS:000302742500024
ER
PT J
AU Manzello, SL
Suzuki, S
Hayashi, Y
AF Manzello, Samuel L.
Suzuki, Sayaka
Hayashi, Yoshihiko
TI Exposing siding treatments, walls fitted with eaves, and glazing
assemblies to firebrand showers
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Firebrands; WUI fires; Ignition
ID HIGH WINDS; FUEL BEDS; IGNITION; FIRES; PARTICLES; BUSHFIRES; FLIGHT
AB An experimental campaign was undertaken to determine vulnerabilities of siding treatments, walls fitted with eaves, and glazing assemblies to firebrand bombardment using the NIST Dragon installed in the Building Research Institute's Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF). Experiments were also conducted to determine if firebrands can produce ignition in fine fuels placed adjacent to the wall assembly and whether the subsequent ignition of fine fuels could lead to ignition of the wall assembly itself. These experiments are the first to investigate these vulnerabilities in a systematic fashion. The results of these experimental findings are presented. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Suzuki, Sayaka] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hayashi, Yoshihiko] BRI, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM samuelm@nist.gov
FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland
Security [IAA HSHQDZ-10-X-00288]; National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
FX The able assistance of Mr. Shunta Miura and Professor Yoshifumi Ohmiya,
both of the Tokyo University of Science, is appreciated. The USA
building materials were prepared in the NIST Large Fire Laboratory
(LFL). The assistance of the LFL staff is appreciated (Dr. Matthew F.
Bundy-Supervisor; Mr. Laurean DeLauter and Mr. Anthony
Chakalis-Engineering Technicians). Mr. John R. Shields of NIST is
acknowledged for constructing the Firebrand Generator used for these
experiments. The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S.
Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this
material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDZ-10-X-00288 with the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 50
BP 25
EP 34
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.01.006
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 928MC
UT WOS:000302985900003
ER
PT J
AU Punt, AE
Siddeek, MSM
Garber-Yonts, B
Dalton, M
Rugolo, L
Stram, D
Turnock, BJ
Zheng, J
AF Punt, Andre E.
Siddeek, M. S. M.
Garber-Yonts, Brian
Dalton, Michael
Rugolo, Louis
Stram, Diana
Turnock, Benjamin J.
Zheng, Jie
TI Evaluating the impact of buffers to account for scientific uncertainty
when setting TACs: application to red king crab in Bristol Bay, Alaska
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE acceptable biological catch; buffer; harvest control rule; length-based
stock assessment; management strategy evaluation; overfishing;
uncertainty
ID MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES; FISHERIES; STRATEGIES; LIMITS
AB Increasingly, scientific uncertainty is being accounted for in fisheries management by implementing an uncertainty buffer, i.e. a difference between the limit catch level given perfect information and the set catch. An approach based on simulation is outlined, which can be used to evaluate the impact of different buffers on short-and long-term catches, discounted revenue, the probability of overfishing (i. e. the catch exceeding the true, but unknown, limit catch), and the stock becoming overfished (i. e. for crab, mature male biomass, MMB, dropping below one-half of the MMB corresponding to maximum sustainable yield). This approach can be applied when only a fraction of the uncertainty related to estimating the limit catch level is quantified through stock assessments. The approach is applied for illustrative purposes to the fishery for red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, in Bristol Bay, AK.
C1 [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Siddeek, M. S. M.; Zheng, Jie] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
[Garber-Yonts, Brian; Dalton, Michael; Rugolo, Louis; Turnock, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Stram, Diana] N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM aepunt@u.washington.edu
OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488
FU NPFMC
FX AEP acknowledges funding from the NPFMC. Ben Fissel and Martin Dorn
(NOAA, AFSC), Doug Woodby (ADF&G), two anonymous reviewers, and the
editor are thanked for their comments on drafts of this paper.
NR 26
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 11
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 4
BP 624
EP 634
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss047
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 926AT
UT WOS:000302804400015
ER
PT J
AU Thorson, JT
Stewart, IJ
Punt, AE
AF Thorson, James T.
Stewart, Ian J.
Punt, Andre E.
TI Development and application of an agent-based model to evaluate methods
for estimating relative abundance indices for shoaling fish such as
Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.)
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE bottom-trawl survey; delta-model; extreme catch events; hurdle model;
index standardization; individual-based model; mixture distribution;
quantile regression
ID GADUS-MORHUA; TRAWL SURVEY; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; FISHERIES;
HABITATS; RESOURCE; COLLAPSE; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOLS
AB Many marine fish, including Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.), exhibit habitat-selective and shoaling behaviours, which can lead to imprecision when using survey data to estimate an annual index of stock abundance. We develop a spatial agent-based model (ABM) for Pacific rockfish, which generates data similar to those observed in existing bottom-trawl surveys and can represent various spatial and shoaling behaviours. We use the ABM to evaluate the performance of a model that uses mixture distribution methods to account for fish shoals and delta-methods to account for range expansion or contraction. This delta-mixture model is compared with conventional delta-generalized linear models (delta-GLMs) and a quantile regression delta-model. The delta-mixture increases precision by 15% relative to delta-GLMs in estimated abundance indices when shoaling behaviours are present, whereas precision is similar between delta-GLM and delta-mixture models when shoals are absent. The delta-quantile method has similar improvements over conventional delta-GLM methods, and the improved precision from delta-mixture and delta-quantile methods is decreased but not eliminated by decreased sampling intensities. These simulations represent the first evaluation of delta-mixture models for index standardization and show a substantial improvement over conventional delta-GLMs for shoaling species such as Pacific rockfish.
C1 [Thorson, James T.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Stewart, Ian J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jimthor@uw.edu
RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014;
OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488
FU University of Washington; NMFS [NA09OAR4170120]; NMFS via NOAA [354
NA17RJ1232]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
(JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1892]
FX The authors would like to thank E. Clarke, T. Essington, and R. Hilborn,
as well as the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division for providing
bottom-trawl data for successful and unsuccessful tows. We also thank T.
Helser for discussions leading to the ideas for this research, and
editorial help from V. Gertseva, S. Kraak, I. Taylor, and three
anonymous reviewers. Support was provided by the University of
Washington, the NMFS-Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship
(NA09OAR4170120), and a NMFS grant to the University of Washington via
NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. 354 NA17RJ1232. This publication is
partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere
and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232,
Contribution #1892.
NR 54
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 21
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 69
IS 4
BP 635
EP 647
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss003
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 926AT
UT WOS:000302804400016
ER
PT J
AU Hertz, JL
Lahr, DL
Semancik, S
AF Hertz, Joshua L.
Lahr, David L.
Semancik, Steve
TI Combinatorial Characterization of Chemiresistive Films Using
Microhotplates
SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Chemiresistance; combinatorial methods; microhotplate; tin oxide
AB When producing chemical sensors, especially in thin film form, there are often a large variety of processing variables that are believed to impact the ultimate performance of the materials. It is thus advantageous to find methods for simultaneous, high-throughput characterization of many process variables. Here, we report on a method for using MEMS-based microhotplates to create and characterize arrays of chemiresistive SnO2 thin films. The microhotplates are used both to control the thermal process variables at each element of the array during film growth by CVD as well as subsequently to operate the sensors. Example chemiresistive properties of the films at 200 degrees C were characterized during exposure to CH3OH and NO2. Through the use of a fractional factorial experiment design, the effects of 4 different process variables (growth temperature, thickness, presence of a dopant and use of rapidly pulsed heating during growth) were reliably determined using only 8 films and the associated statistical modeling of the results.
C1 [Hertz, Joshua L.; Lahr, David L.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hertz, JL (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM hertz@udel.edu; dllahr@gmail.com; steves@nist.gov
RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012
OI Lahr, David/0000-0001-6283-0286; Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141
FU National Research Council
FX Manuscript received August 29, 2011; accepted October 21, 2011. Date of
publication October 26, 2011; date of current version April 13, 2012.
This work was supported in part by the National Research Council
Postdoctoral Fellowship program. The associate editor coordinating the
review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. E.
H. Yang.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1530-437X
J9 IEEE SENS J
JI IEEE Sens. J.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1459
EP 1460
DI 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2173673
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 928DW
UT WOS:000302962300019
ER
PT J
AU Song, J
Chu, W
Vorburger, TV
Thompson, R
Renegar, TB
Zheng, A
Yen, J
Silver, R
Ols, M
AF Song, J.
Chu, W.
Vorburger, T. V.
Thompson, R.
Renegar, T. B.
Zheng, A.
Yen, J.
Silver, R.
Ols, M.
TI Development of ballistics identification-from image comparison to
topography measurement in surface metrology
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Symposium on Measurement Technology and Intelligent
Instruments (ISMTII)
CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2011
CL KAIST, Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA
SP Int Comm Measurements & Instrumentat (ICMI), Korean Soc Precis Engn (KSPE), Japan Soc Precis Engn (JSPE), Chinese Soc Measurement (CSM)
HO KAIST
DE surface metrology; topography measurement; forensic science; ballistics
identification; standard bullet; cartridge case
ID STANDARD BULLETS
AB Fired bullets and ejected cartridge cases have unique ballistics signatures left by the firearm. By analyzing the ballistics signatures, forensic examiners can trace these bullets and cartridge cases to the firearm used in a crime scene. Current automated ballistics identification systems are primarily based on image comparisons using optical microscopy. The correlation accuracy depends on image quality which is largely affected by lighting conditions. Because ballistics signatures are geometrical micro-topographies by nature, direct measurement and correlation of the surface topography is being investigated for ballistics identification. A Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Topography Measurement and Correlation System was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for certification of Standard Reference Material 2460/2461 bullets and cartridge cases. Based on this system, a prototype system for bullet signature measurement and correlation has been developed for bullet signature identifications, and has demonstrated superior correlation results.
C1 [Song, J.; Chu, W.; Vorburger, T. V.; Thompson, R.; Renegar, T. B.; Zheng, A.; Yen, J.; Silver, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chu, W.] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA.
[Ols, M.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco Firearms & Explos ATF, Ammendale, MD 20705 USA.
RP Song, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM junfeng.song@nist.gov
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 15
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 5
AR 054010
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/23/5/054010
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 929CR
UT WOS:000303039300011
ER
PT J
AU Jin, Y
Gu, S
Della Torre, E
Bennett, LH
Provenzano, V
AF Jin, Yi
Gu, Shuo
Della Torre, Edward
Bennett, Lawrence H.
Provenzano, Virgil
TI Modeling of metamagnetism in metallic-based materials with first-order
transitions
SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Symposium on Hysteresis Modeling and Micromagnetics
CY MAY 09-11, 2011
CL Trento, ITALY
DE Gd5Si2Ge2; Metamagnetism; Metamagnets; Phenomenological modeling
ID MAGNETIZATION; GD5SI2GE2
AB During the past decade, the magnetic properties of metallic-based materials with first-order transitions have been extensively studied, motivated in part by the observation of large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) peaks displayed by these materials near room temperature. These large peaks are believed to be the result of the materials' magnetic properties at the metamagnetic region, characterized by (i) the thermal-induced transition from the ferromagnetic state (FM) to the paramagnetic state (PM) near the Curie temperature (T-C) and (ii) the field-induced transition from PM state to FM state above T-C. We developed a phenomenological model that utilizes the materials' mixed-state probability function to model the materials' complex hysteretic and properties at metamagnetic region. The approximate probability functions are obtained from the first and second derivatives of the magnetization curve. The probability functions are used to separate the materials' magnetization into a FM state component and a PM state component. The applicability of the model is demonstrated for a metallic-based metamagnetic material, Gd5Si2Ge2 compound, where the modeled behaviors show remarkable agreement with the experimental data at the metamagnetic region and provide new physical insights in this mixed-state region. Specifically, in the region of metamagnetic transition, the PM state component is non-reversible and is a function of the FM state component. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jin, Yi; Gu, Shuo; Della Torre, Edward; Bennett, Lawrence H.] George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Provenzano, Virgil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jin, Y (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
EM yijin@gwmail.gwu.edu
FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0003839]; agency of the United States
Government
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. F. Johnson, Dr. M. Zou, Dr. M. Yin,
Dr. R. Adharapurapu, Mr. D. Beer, and other members of GE Global
Research for insightful discussions. In addition, authors would like to
thank G. Kahler and M. Movichi of the Institute for Magnetics Research
at the George Washington University for their helpful discussions. This
work is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under
Award Number DE-EE0003839.; This paper was prepared as an account of
work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the
United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their
employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed,
or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service
by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not
necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or
favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The
views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4526
EI 1873-2135
J9 PHYSICA B
JI Physica B
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 407
IS 9
BP 1381
EP 1384
DI 10.1016/j.physb.2011.09.044
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 927NS
UT WOS:000302915400017
ER
PT J
AU Kobayashi, H
McDonough, WG
Dunkers, JP
Wight, SA
Lee, HJ
Kim, JH
Forster, AL
Rice, KD
Holmes, GA
AF Kobayashi, H.
McDonough, W. G.
Dunkers, J. P.
Wight, S. A.
Lee, H. J.
Kim, J. H.
Forster, A. L.
Rice, K. D.
Holmes, G. A.
TI X-ray scattering study on the damage in fibers used in soft body armor
after folding
SO POLYMER COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
ID P-PHENYLENEBENZOBISOXAZOLE FIBERS; BALLISTIC FIBERS; PBO FIBER;
DEGRADATION; MICROVOIDS
AB The goals of the research effort described in this article are to develop a framework to evaluate improvements in next-generation fibers used in soft body armor and to anticipate long-term performance and potential fiber deterioration. This effort to date has included the effect of folding on the fibers and exploring the interaction between the specific fiber strain energy and their sound velocity. Previous work in this lab noted a severe drop-off of tensile strength and strain-to-failure in poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers when subjected to repeated folding. Subsequent work on poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers showed at most a slight drop-off in these mechanical properties. Results from wide angle X-ray diffraction indicated that both PPTA and PBO fibers showed no significant changes in the d-spacing and the apparent crystal size. However, with small angle X-ray scattering, it was found that the void and fibril sizes within PBO fibers may decrease after folding. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed no damage to the fiber surfaces upon folding, and confocal microscopy revealed extensive internal damage to the PBO fibers that tracks well with the SAXS and mechanical testing results. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. (c) 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
C1 [Kobayashi, H.; McDonough, W. G.; Dunkers, J. P.; Lee, H. J.; Kim, J. H.; Holmes, G. A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wight, S. A.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Forster, A. L.; Rice, K. D.] NIST, Off Special Programs, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McDonough, WG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM walter.mcdonough@nist.gov
OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0272-8397
J9 POLYM COMPOSITE
JI Polym. Compos.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 33
IS 5
BP 803
EP 811
DI 10.1002/pc.22210
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Polymer Science
GA 926AB
UT WOS:000302802600019
ER
PT J
AU Williams, JG
Armstrong, G
Katopodis, C
Lariniere, M
Travade, F
AF Williams, J. G.
Armstrong, G.
Katopodis, C.
Lariniere, M.
Travade, F.
TI THINKING LIKE A FISH: A KEY INGREDIENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE FISH
PASSAGE FACILITIES AT RIVER OBSTRUCTIONS
SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Review
DE dams; fish passage; fish behaviour; fish bypass systems
ID TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LOWER GRANITE DAM;
ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; COLUMBIA RIVER; JUVENILE
SALMONIDS; CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; VELOCITY BARRIERS
AB Worldwide, obstructions on watercourses have interfered with migratory pathways of fish species, reducing life-cycle success and often eliminating diadromous fish species altogether from river basins. Over the last century, efforts to mitigate these effects were initially directed at developing fishways for upstream, high-value migrant adult salmon. In more recent years, efforts have turned to developing fishways for other species. Results of past research suggest that the development of effective fishways requires biological knowledge of fish behaviour when encountering variable flows, velocity and turbulence, combined with hydraulic and civil engineering knowledge and expertise to develop facilities that provide appropriate hydraulic conditions that fish will exploit. Further, it often requires substantial financial resources for biological and hydraulic testing as well as engineering design, particularly where prior knowledge of the behaviour of target fish species does not exist. Where biological or engineering knowledge (or both) is absent, development of effective passage facilities must take on a trial and error approach that will almost certainly require years to attain success. Evaluations of existing adult and juvenile fish passage facilities, where they have been carried out, suggest that migrant fish reject areas with hydraulic conditions they determine unsuitable. Even well designed fish ladders or nature-like bypass channels for upstream migrants, even those with good attraction flows, will fail if incorrectly sited. Although progress has been made, developing successful installations for downstream migrants remains much more difficult, probably because downstream fish move with the flow and have less time to assess cues at entrances to any bypasses that they encounter. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Williams, J. G.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Williams, J. G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Armstrong, G.] Environm Agcy Wales, Haverford, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
[Katopodis, C.] Katopodis Ecohydraul Ltd, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
[Lariniere, M.] Inst Mecan Fluides Toulouse, Natl Off Water & Aquat Environm ONEMA, Toulouse, France.
[Travade, F.] Elect France Etud & Rech, Chatou, France.
RP Williams, JG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM jgw3@u.washington.edu
NR 108
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 23
U2 122
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1535-1459
EI 1535-1467
J9 RIVER RES APPL
JI River Res. Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 28
IS 4
SI SI
BP 407
EP 417
DI 10.1002/rra.1551
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 927UY
UT WOS:000302937000002
ER
PT J
AU Morley, SA
Toft, JD
Hanson, KM
AF Morley, Sarah A.
Toft, Jason D.
Hanson, Karrie M.
TI Ecological Effects of Shoreline Armoring on Intertidal Habitats of a
Puget Sound Urban Estuary
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Shoreline armoring; Upper intertidal; Urban estuary; Puget Sound;
Duwamish River; Juvenile salmon; Invertebrates; Temperature
ID SALMON; FISH; COMMUNITIES; CRUSTACEANS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; BEACHES;
DESIGN
AB Shoreline armoring is extensive in urban areas worldwide, but the ecological consequences are poorly documented. We mapped shoreline armoring along the Duwamish River estuary (Washington State, USA) and evaluated differences in temperature, invertebrates, and juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) diet between armored and unarmored intertidal habitats. Mean substrate temperatures were significantly warmer at armored sites, but water temperature similar to unarmored habitats. Epibenthic invertebrate densities were over tenfold greater on unarmored shorelines and taxa richness double that of armored locations. Taxa richness of neuston invertebrates was also higher at unarmored sites, but abundance similar. We did not detect differences in Chinook (O. tshawytscha) diet, but observed a higher proportion of benthic prey for chum (O. keta) from unarmored sites. Given that over 66% of the Duwamish shoreline is armored-similar to much of south and central Puget Sound-our results underscore the need for further ecological study to address the impacts of estuary armoring.
C1 [Morley, Sarah A.; Hanson, Karrie M.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Toft, Jason D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Morley, SA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM sarah.morley@noaa.gov
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center
FX We thank Judith Noble and Julie Hall from Seattle Public Utilities for
sharing their insider knowledge of the Duwamish estuary. We are grateful
for field and data entry assistance from Jesse Ayers, Todd Bennett,
Alicia Godersky, Kris Kloehn, Bill Mowitt, Andrea Pratt, Frank Sommers,
and other members of the Watershed Program. Invertebrate samples were
processed by Katie Dodd and Ben Starkhouse, with taxonomic expertise
provided by Jeff Cordell at the University of Washington. Hiroo Imaki
and Martin Liermann provided consultation in GIS and statistics, and
Casey Rice and Correigh Greene contributed valuable comments on earlier
drafts of this manuscript. This research would not have been possible
without funding from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal
Grant Program.
NR 33
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Z9 13
U1 6
U2 48
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 3
BP 774
EP 784
DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9481-3
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 921MH
UT WOS:000302481200007
ER
PT J
AU Harvey, CJ
Williams, GD
Levin, PS
AF Harvey, Chris J.
Williams, Gregory D.
Levin, Phillip S.
TI Food Web Structure and Trophic Control in Central Puget Sound
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Puget Sound; Ecosystem modeling; Food webs; Trophic structure;
Ecosystem-based management; Ecopath with Ecosim
ID BALD EAGLES; MODELS; WASHINGTON; ECOSYSTEMS; SENSITIVITY; ECOPATH; DIETS
AB We developed a food web model of central Puget Sound to provide science-based support for ecosystem-based management and to refine our understanding of bottom-up and top-down trophic forcing. Phytoplankton accounted for a large fraction of total biomass, total throughput, and caused considerable bottom-up effects in most functional groups in a dynamic simulation fit to time series data from 1981 to 2000. Top-down control was most apparent in the case of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), which exhibited keystone tendencies and appeared capable of causing trophic cascades. Increasing top-down control in several predator-prey relationships improved model fits to time series data from 1981 to 2000, but not as much as introducing non-equilibrium dynamics (biomass accumulation terms) to several key vertebrates. Fishing had little effect on system dynamics. Our model appears well-suited for addressing strategic, scenario-based questions of how the community as a whole will respond to management actions.
C1 [Harvey, Chris J.; Williams, Gregory D.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov
FU Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Puyallup Tribe of Indians;
Washington Department of Ecology; Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission;
NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center; U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
FX We thank all who contributed to the NOAA technical memorandum (Harvey et
al. 2010), upon which this work is based. Support, cooperation, and
unpublished data were generously provided by scientists from the
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (G. Bargmann, D. Bacon, G.
Blatz, S. Burton, O. Eveningsong, J. Evenson, K. Henderson, L. Hoines,
S. Jeffries, E. Kraig, M. Lance, G. Lippert, M. O'Toole, W. Palsson, S.
Pearson, B. Sizemore, K. Stick, D. Stinson, and J. Watson), King County
(S. Mickelson), the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (A. Berger), the
Washington Department of Ecology (M. Dutch), the Northwest Indian
Fisheries Commission (B. Patton), and the NOAA Northwest Fisheries
Science Center (A. Albaugh, K. Bartz, A. Guerry, T. Good, and C. Rice).
J. Davies created Fig. 1. E. Quimby and B. Tarrant assisted with table
creation. I. Valiela, J. Samhouri, I. Kaplan, C. Ainsworth, and four
anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on earlier versions of
this paper. This research was supported by funds from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.
NR 41
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 59
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 3
BP 821
EP 838
DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9483-1
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 921MH
UT WOS:000302481200011
ER
PT J
AU Herfort, L
Peterson, TD
Prahl, FG
McCue, LA
Needoba, JA
Crump, BC
Roegner, GC
Campbell, V
Zuber, P
AF Herfort, Lydie
Peterson, Tawnya D.
Prahl, Fredrick G.
McCue, Lee Ann
Needoba, Joseph A.
Crump, Byron C.
Roegner, G. Curtis
Campbell, Victoria
Zuber, Peter
TI Red Waters of Myrionecta rubra are Biogeochemical Hotspots for the
Columbia River Estuary with Impacts on Primary/Secondary Productions and
Nutrient Cycles
SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Myrionecta rubra; Mesodinium rubrum; Red waters; Biogeochemical cycles;
Columbia River estuary
ID CILIATE MESODINIUM-RUBRUM; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN;
TIDES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ABSORPTION; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY
AB The localized impact of blooms of the mixotrophic ciliate Myrionecta rubra in the Columbia River estuary during 2007-2010 was evaluated with biogeochemical, light microscopy, physiological, and molecular data. M. rubra affected surrounding estuarine nutrient cycles, as indicated by high and low concentrations of organic nutrients and inorganic nitrogen, respectively, associated with red waters. M. rubra blooms also altered the energy transfer pattern in patches of the estuarine water that contain the ciliate by creating areas characterized by high primary production and elevated levels of fresh autochthonous particulate organic matter, therefore shifting the trophic status in emergent red water areas of the estuary from net heterotrophy towards autotrophy. The pelagic estuarine bacterial community structure was unaffected by M. rubra abundance, but red waters of the ciliate do offer a possible link between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes since they were associated with elevated dissolved organic matter and showed a tendency for enhanced microbial secondary production. Taken together, these findings suggest that M. rubra red waters are biogeochemical hotspots of the Columbia River estuary.
C1 [Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Needoba, Joseph A.; Campbell, Victoria; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
[Herfort, Lydie; Peterson, Tawnya D.; Needoba, Joseph A.; Campbell, Victoria; Zuber, Peter] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Div Environm & Biomol Syst, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
[Prahl, Fredrick G.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[McCue, Lee Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Crump, Byron C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA.
[Roegner, G. Curtis] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Point Adams Biol Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
RP Herfort, L (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA.
EM herfortl@ebs.ogi.edu
OI McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0424602]; Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This study was carried out within the context of the Science and
Technology Center for Coastal Margin Observation & Prediction (CMOP)
supported by the National Science Foundation (grant number OCE-0424602).
A portion of the research was performed with support from the Laboratory
Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the United States
Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
NR 58
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1559-2723
J9 ESTUAR COAST
JI Estuaries Coasts
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 3
BP 878
EP 891
DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9485-z
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 921MH
UT WOS:000302481200015
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, JJ
Grecay, PA
Ludsin, SA
Pothoven, SA
Vanderploeg, HA
Hook, TO
AF Roberts, James J.
Grecay, Paul A.
Ludsin, Stuart A.
Pothoven, Steve A.
Vanderploeg, Henry A.
Hoeoek, Tomas O.
TI Evidence of hypoxic foraging forays by yellow perch (Perca flavescens)
and potential consequences for prey consumption
SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE anoxia; bioenergetics; eutrophication; Great Lakes; movement behaviour
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CISCO COREGONUS-ARTEDI;
ANCHOVIES ANCHOA SPP.; CENTRAL LAKE-ERIE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; HYPOLIMNETIC
OXYGENATION; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; TARGET-STRENGTH; AMISK LAKE
AB 1. Previous studies in a variety of ecosystems have shown that ecologically and economically important benthic and bentho-pelagic fishes avoid hypoxic (<2 mg O-2 L-1) habitats by moving vertically or horizontally to more oxygenated areas. While avoidance of hypoxic conditions generally leads to a complete shift away from preferred benthic prey, some individual fish continue to consume benthic prey items in spite of bottom hypoxia, suggesting complex habitat utilisation and foraging patterns. For example, Lake Erie yellow perch (Perca flavescens) continue to consume benthic prey, despite being displaced vertically and horizontally by hypolimnetic hypoxia.
2. We hypothesised that hypolimnetic hypoxia can negatively affect yellow perch by altering their distribution and inducing energetically expensive foraging behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we used drifting hydroacoustics and trawl sampling to quantify water column distribution, sub-daily vertical movement and foraging behaviour of yellow perch within hypoxic and normoxic habitats of Lake Erie's central basin during August-September 2007. We also investigated the effects of rapid changes in ambient oxygen conditions on yellow perch consumption potential by exposing yellow perch to various static and fluctuating oxygen conditions in a controlled laboratory experiment.
3. Our results indicate that, while yellow perch in general avoid hypoxic conditions, some individuals undertake foraging forays into hypoxic habitats where they experience greater fluctuations in abiotic conditions (pressure, temperature and oxygen concentration) than at normoxic sites. However, laboratory results suggest short-term exposure to low oxygen conditions did not negatively impact consumption potential of yellow perch.
4. Detailed understanding of sub-daily individual behaviours may be crucial for determining interactive individual-and ecosystem-level effects of stressors such as hypoxia.
C1 [Roberts, James J.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Roberts, James J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Grecay, Paul A.] Salisbury Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Salisbury, MD USA.
[Ludsin, Stuart A.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Pothoven, Steve A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI USA.
[Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Roberts, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, 1474 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
EM jjrobert@colostate.edu; thook@purdue.edu
RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010;
OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422
FU NOAA-GLERL; NOAA; US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office; NOAA
Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA07OAR432000]
FX We thank all those who helped with field portions of this study,
including Greg Jacobs, Brad Utrup, Dave Fanslow, Joann Cavaletto and
Aaron Adamack, and those who provided help in the laboratory, including
Jennifer Metes, Benjamin Ciotti and Catherine House. We would also like
to extend a special thanks to the captains and crew of the R/V
Laurentian and R/V Lake Guardian. Lastly, we thank Tim Targett, who
facilitated our use of his dynamic experimental system. Edward
Rutherford, Don Scavia and Earl Werner provided comments on a draft of
this manuscript. This work was conducted as part of the International
Field Years on Lake Erie (IFYLE) program, supported by NOAA-GLERL, NOAA
National Sea Grant and the US EPA Great Lakes National Program Office
and in part by NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research grant
NA07OAR432000. This manuscript is GLERL-NOAA contribution no. 1613 and
EcoFore Lake Erie publication no. 12-002.
NR 69
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0046-5070
J9 FRESHWATER BIOL
JI Freshw. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 57
IS 5
BP 922
EP 937
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02753.x
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 920IK
UT WOS:000302397300003
ER
PT J
AU Selig, ER
Casey, KS
Bruno, JF
AF Selig, Elizabeth R.
Casey, Kenneth S.
Bruno, John F.
TI Temperature-driven coral decline: the role of marine protected areas
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE acclimation; climate change; conservation; coral; marine protected
areas; resilience; resistance
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
THERMAL-STRESS; MANAGEMENT; OCEAN; RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEMS; RESERVES;
BIODIVERSITY
AB Warming ocean temperatures are considered to be an important cause of the degradation of the world's coral reefs. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been proposed as one tool to increase coral reef ecosystem resistance and resilience (i.e. recovery) to the negative effects of climate change, yet few studies have evaluated their efficacy in achieving these goals. We used a high resolution 4 km global temperature anomaly database from 19852005 and 8040 live coral cover surveys on protected and unprotected reefs to determine whether or not MPAs have been effective in mitigating temperature-driven coral loss. Generally, protection in MPAs did not reduce the effect of warm temperature anomalies on coral cover declines. Shortcomings in MPA design, including size and placement, may have contributed to the lack of an MPA effect. Empirical studies suggest that corals that have been previously exposed to moderate levels of thermal stress have greater adaptive capacity and resistance to future thermal stress events. Existing MPAs protect relatively fewer reefs with moderate anomaly frequencies, potentially reducing their effectiveness. However, our results also suggest that the benefits from MPAs may not be great enough to offset the magnitude of losses from acute thermal stress events. Although MPAs are important conservation tools, their limitations in mitigating coral loss from acute thermal stress events suggest that they need to be complemented with policies aimed at reducing the activities responsible for climate change.
C1 [Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Sci Knowledge Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Casey, Kenneth S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Bruno, John F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Selig, ER (reprint author), Conservat Int, Sci Knowledge Div, 2011 Crystal Dr,Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
EM e.selig@conservation.org
RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013
OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117
FU NOAA; EPA STAR; University of North Carolina
FX We thank S. C. Lee, M. O'Connor, T. Kristiansen, J. Weiss, V. G. W.
Schutte, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the
manuscript. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the Nature
Conservancy contributed data on MPA boundaries. ERS, JFB, and KSC
gratefully acknowledge partial funding from the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program for development of the CoRTAD. E. R. S. was funded
by an EPA STAR fellowship and a University of North Carolina Ross and
Charlotte Johnson Family Fellowship.
NR 56
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U1 11
U2 1270
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1354-1013
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 5
BP 1561
EP 1570
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02658.x
PG 10
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 922JP
UT WOS:000302543500009
ER
PT J
AU Gu, XH
Chen, GD
Zhao, MH
Watson, SS
Nguyen, T
Chin, JW
Martin, JW
AF Gu, Xiaohong
Chen, Guodong
Zhao, Minhua
Watson, Stephanie S.
Tinh Nguyen
Chin, Joannie W.
Martin, Jonathan W.
TI Critical role of particle/polymer interface in photostability of
nano-filled polymeric coatings
SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ZnO nanoparticles; Interface; Photodegradation; Accelerated test;
Polyurethane; Waterborne; Polymeric coatings; UV irradiation; NIST
SPHERE
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TAPPING-MODE; EPOXY COMPOSITES; COALESCENCE
MECHANISMS; GLASS-TRANSITION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; GRAPHITE FIBERS;
NANOCOMPOSITES; FILMS; INTERPHASE
AB Nanoparticle-filled polymeric coatings have attracted great interest in recent years because the incorporation of nanofillers can significantly enhance the mechanical, electrical, optical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties of coatings. Due to the small size of the fillers, the volume fraction of the nanoparticle/polymer interfacial area in nano-filled systems is drastically increased, and the interfacial region becomes important in the performance of the nano-filled system. However, techniques used for characterizing nanoparticle/polymer interfaces are limited, and thus, the mechanism by which interfacial properties affect the photostability and the long-term performance of nano-filled polymeric coatings is not well understood. In this study, the role of the nanoparticle/polymer interface on the ultraviolet (UV) stability of a nano-ZnO-filled polyurethane (PU) coating system was investigated. The effects of parameters influencing the particle/polymer interfacial properties, such as size, loading, surface modification of the nanoparticles, on photodegradation of ZnO/PU films were evaluated. The nature of the interfacial regions before and after UV exposures were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based techniques. Results have shown that the interfacial properties strongly affect chemical, thermo-mechanical, and morphological properties of the UV-exposed ZnO/PU films. By combining tapping mode AFM and novel electric force microscopy (EFM), the particle/polymer interfacial regions have been successfully detected directly from the surface of the ZnO/PU films. Further, our results indicate that ZnO nanoparticles can function as a photocatalyst or a photostabilizer, depending on the UV exposure conditions. A hypothesis is proposed that the polymers in the vicinity of the ZnO/PU interface are preferentially degraded or protected, depending on whether ZnO nanoparticles act as a photocatalyst or a photostabilizer in the polymers. This study clearly demonstrates that the particle/polymer interface plays a critical role in the photostability of nano-filled polymeric coatings.
C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Chen, Guodong; Zhao, Minhua; Watson, Stephanie S.; Tinh Nguyen; Chin, Joannie W.; Martin, Jonathan W.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gu, XH (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM xiaohong.gu@nist.gov
RI Zhao, Minhua/A-6678-2009
OI Zhao, Minhua/0000-0003-4880-1010
NR 51
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 46
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1547-0091
J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES
JI J. Coat. Technol. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 3
BP 251
EP 267
DI 10.1007/s11998-011-9326-1
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 920JL
UT WOS:000302400500002
ER
PT J
AU Holbrook, RD
Davis, JM
Scott, KCK
Szakal, C
AF Holbrook, R. D.
Davis, J. M.
Scott, K. C. K.
Szakal, C.
TI Detection and speciation of brominated flame retardants in high-impact
polystyrene (HIPS) polymers
SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Brominated flame retardants; focused ion beam scanning electron
microscopy; polymers; secondary ion mass spectrometry; X-ray
fluorescence spectroscopy
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HOUSE-DUST; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; PBDES;
FATE
AB Polymeric materials have been suggested as possible environmental sources of persistent organic pollutants such as flame retardants. In situ, micrometre-scale characterization techniques for polymer matrix containing flame retardants may provide some insight into the dominant environmental transfer mechanism(s) of these brominated compounds. In this work, we demonstrate that micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (mu XRF), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) are promising techniques for the elemental and chemical identification of brominated fire retardant compounds (such as the deca-congener of polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209) within polymeric materials (e.g. high-impact polystyrene or HIPS). Data from mu XRF demonstrated that bromine (Br) inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the HIPS samples, whereas FIB SEM-EDS analysis revealed that small antimony (Sb) and Br inclusions are present, and regionally higher concentrations of Br surround the Sb inclusions (compared to the bulk material). Four prominent mass-to-charge ratio peaks (m/z 485, 487, 489 and 491) that correspond to BDE-209 were identified by ToF-SIMS and can be used to chemically distinguish this molecule on the surface of polymeric materials with respect to other brominated organic molecules. These techniques can be important in any study that investigates the route of entry to the environmental surroundings of BDE-containing materials.
C1 [Holbrook, R. D.; Davis, J. M.; Scott, K. C. K.; Szakal, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov
RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015
NR 24
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 43
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-2720
J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD
JI J. Microsc..
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 246
IS 2
BP 143
EP 152
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03602.x
PG 10
WC Microscopy
SC Microscopy
GA 923IS
UT WOS:000302613600005
PM 22455446
ER
PT J
AU Presser, C
AF Presser, Cary
TI Absorption coefficient measurements of particle-laden filters using
laser heating: Validation with nigrosin
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Absorptivity; Absorption coefficient; Climate change; Laser heating;
Nigrosin; Particle-laden filters; Transmissivity
ID COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEX; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; CAVITY
RING; INTEGRATING PLATE; CROSS-SECTION; SPECTROMETER; ATTENUATION;
CALIBRATION; SUBSTANCES
AB A laser-heating technique, referred as the laser-driven thermal reactor, was used in conjunction with laser transmissivity measurements to determine the absorption coefficient of particle-laden substrates (e.g., quartz-fiber filters). The novelty of this approach is that it analyzes a wide variety of specific samples (not just filtered samples) and overcomes measurement issues (e.g., absorption enhancement) associated with other filter-based particle absorption techniques. The absorption coefficient was determined for nigrosin-laden, quartz-fiber filters and the effect of the filter on the absorption measurements was estimated when compared to the isolated nigrosin results. The isolated nigrosin absorption coefficient compared favorably with Lorenz-Mie calculations for an idealized polydispersion of spherical particles (based on a measured nigronsin/de-ionized water suspension size distribution) dispersed throughout a volume equivalent to that of the nigrosin-laden filter. To validate the approach, the absorption coefficient of a nigrosin/de-ionized water suspension was in good agreement with results obtained from an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. In addition, the estimated imaginary part of the refractive index from the Lorenz-Mie calculations compared well with literature values and was used to estimate the absorption coefficient of optically opaque packed nigrosin. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Presser, C (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cpresser@nist.gov
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 113
IS 8
BP 607
EP 623
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.01.009
PG 17
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 921UT
UT WOS:000302504100004
ER
PT J
AU McDonald, BI
Goebel, ME
Crocker, DE
Costa, DP
AF McDonald, Birgitte I.
Goebel, Michael E.
Crocker, Daniel E.
Costa, Daniel P.
TI Dynamic Influence of Maternal and Pup Traits on Maternal Care during
Lactation in an Income Breeder, the Antarctic Fur Seal
SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PUPS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; REPRODUCTIVE
SUCCESS; MILK INTAKE; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PARENTAL INVESTMENT;
GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SOUTH GEORGIA; SOAY SHEEP; GRAY SEALS
AB Life-history theory predicts that selection will favor optimal levels of parental effort that balance benefits of current reproduction with costs to survival and future reproduction. The optimal level of effort depends on parental traits, offspring traits, and provisioning strategy. Additionally, how these factors influence effort may differ depending on the stage of reproduction. The relative importance of maternal and offspring traits on energy allocation to offspring was investigated in known-age Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella across four stages of reproduction, using birth mass and milk-consumption measurements. Maternal traits were important during three of the four stages investigated, with larger females giving birth to larger pups and investing more in pups during perinatal and molt stages. Pup mass influenced maternal effort during the premolt stage, and provisioning strategy influenced postnatal maternal effort at all stages. Energy provided to the offspring during an attendance visit was positively related to the duration of the foraging-trip/visit cycle; however, when investment was controlled for trip/visit cycle duration, the overall rate of energy transfer was similar across trip durations. In addition to strong effects of maternal mass, pup traits affected energy allocation, suggesting that pup demand is important in determining maternal care. These findings emphasize the importance of considering state variables in life-history studies and suggest that timing of measurements of effort in species with long provisioning periods may influence conclusions and our ability to make comparisons of reproductive effort among species.
C1 [McDonald, Birgitte I.; Costa, Daniel P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Goebel, Michael E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarct Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
[Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
RP McDonald, BI (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM gitte.mcdonald@gmail.com
FU U.S. AMLR; NSF Office of Polar Programs [0440687]; U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA); NSF
FX We thank all those who assisted with the collection of the data, in
particular C. Champagne, R. Haner, and S. Seganti. Logistical support
was provided by the U. S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR)
Program, the National Science Foundation (NSF) U.S. Antarctic Program,
and Raytheon Polar Services. This article was improved by comments from
two anonymous reviewers. Research was funded by the U.S. AMLR Program
and NSF Office of Polar Programs grant 0440687 to D. P. C, D. E. C., and
M. E. G. B. I. M. was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results Graduate Fellowship
Program and an NSF graduate fellowship. The EPA has not officially
endorsed this publication, and the views expressed herein may not
reflect the views of the EPA.
NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 38
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1522-2152
EI 1537-5293
J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL
JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 85
IS 3
BP 243
EP 254
DI 10.1086/665407
PG 12
WC Physiology; Zoology
SC Physiology; Zoology
GA 925UQ
UT WOS:000302787600004
PM 22494980
ER
PT J
AU Enns, AA
Vogel, LJ
Abdelzaher, AM
Solo-Gabriele, HM
Plano, LRW
Gidley, ML
Phillips, MC
Klaus, JS
Piggot, AM
Feng, ZX
Reniers, AJHM
Haus, BK
Elmir, SM
Zhang, YF
Jimenez, NH
Abdel-Mottaleb, N
Schoor, ME
Brown, A
Khan, SQ
Dameron, AS
Salazar, NC
Fleming, LE
AF Enns, Amber A.
Vogel, Laura J.
Abdelzaher, Amir M.
Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.
Plano, Lisa R. W.
Gidley, Maribeth L.
Phillips, Matthew C.
Klaus, James S.
Piggot, Alan M.
Feng, Zhixuan
Reniers, Ad J. H. M.
Haus, Brian K.
Elmir, Samir M.
Zhang, Yifan
Jimenez, Nasly H.
Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha
Schoor, Michael E.
Brown, Alexis
Khan, Sumbul Q.
Dameron, Adrienne S.
Salazar, Norma C.
Fleming, Lora E.
TI Spatial and temporal variation in indicator microbe sampling is
influential in beach management decisions
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Enterococci; S. aureus; Beaches; Management; Variability
ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RECREATIONAL MARINE WATERS;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; SAND; BACTERIA;
ENTEROCOCCI; HEALTH; CONTAMINANTS
AB Fecal indicator microbes, such as enterococci, are often used to assess potential health risks caused by pathogens at recreational beaches. Microbe levels often vary based on collection time and sampling location. The primary goal of this study was to assess how spatial and temporal variations in sample collection, which are driven by environmental parameters, impact enterococci measurements and beach management decisions. A secondary goal was to assess whether enterococci levels can be predictive of the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, a skin pathogen. Over a ten-day period, hydrometeorologic data, hydrodynamic data, bather densities, enterococci levels, and S. aureus levels including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were measured in both water and sand. Samples were collected hourly for both water and sediment at knee-depth, and every 6 h for water at waist-depth, supratidal sand, intertidal sand, and waterline sand. Results showed that solar radiation, tides, and rainfall events were major environmental factors that impacted enterococci levels. S. aureus levels were associated with bathing load, but did not correlate with enterococci levels or any other measured parameters. The results imply that frequencies of advisories depend heavily upon sample collection policies due to spatial and temporal variation of enterococci levels in response to environmental parameters. Thus, sampling at different times of the day and at different depths can significantly impact beach management decisions. Additionally, the lack of correlation between S. aureus and enterococci suggests that use of fecal indicators may not accurately assess risk for some pathogens. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Enns, Amber A.; Vogel, Laura J.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Phillips, Matthew C.; Klaus, James S.; Piggot, Alan M.; Feng, Zhixuan; Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Haus, Brian K.; Zhang, Yifan; Jimenez, Nasly H.; Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha; Schoor, Michael E.; Brown, Alexis; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Enns, Amber A.; Vogel, Laura J.; Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Phillips, Matthew C.; Zhang, Yifan; Jimenez, Nasly H.; Abdel-Mottaleb, Noha; Schoor, Michael E.; Khan, Sumbul Q.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.
[Plano, Lisa R. W.; Dameron, Adrienne S.; Salazar, Norma C.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
[Plano, Lisa R. W.; Dameron, Adrienne S.; Salazar, Norma C.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
[Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Klaus, James S.] Univ Miami, Dept Geol Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.
[Klaus, James S.; Piggot, Alan M.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Geol & Geophys, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Feng, Zhixuan; Reniers, Ad J. H. M.; Haus, Brian K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Hlth Dept, Div Environm Hlth & Engn, Miami, FL 33056 USA.
[Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Exeter, European Ctr Environm & Human Hlth, Truro TR1 3HD, Cornwall, England.
RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Arch & Environm Engn, POB 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM hmsolo@miami.edu
RI Feng, Zhixuan/G-4001-2011; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014;
OI gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Feng, Zhixuan/0000-0002-4774-7027
FU NSF-NIEHS [1 P50 ES12736, OCE0432368/0911373]; NSF REU
FX This research was funded by the NSF-NIEHS Oceans and Human Health
Program (NIEHS # 1 P50 ES12736 and NSF #OCE0432368/0911373). Support was
also provided by the NSF REU program in Oceans and Human Health. We
would like to thank the numerous students at University of Miami and
volunteers from the Miami-Dade County Department of Health who
participated in this project.
NR 36
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 37
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD MAY 1
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 7
BP 2237
EP 2246
DI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.040
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 923UL
UT WOS:000302645300021
PM 22365370
ER
PT J
AU Samhouri, JF
Lester, SE
Selig, ER
Halpern, BS
Fogarty, MJ
Longo, C
McLeod, KL
AF Samhouri, Jameal F.
Lester, Sarah E.
Selig, Elizabeth R.
Halpern, Benjamin S.
Fogarty, Michael J.
Longo, Catherine
McLeod, Karen L.
TI Sea sick? Setting targets to assess ocean health and ecosystem services
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE ecosystem-based management (EBM); ecosystem services; indicator; ocean
health; Ocean Health Index; reference point; target
ID WATER-QUALITY; INDICATORS; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT;
EUTROPHICATION; BIODIVERSITY; RECOVERY
AB The benefits provided by a healthy ocean are receiving increasing attention in policy and management spheres. A fundamental challenge with assessing ocean health and ecosystem services is that we lack a scientific framework for expressing ecosystem conditions quantitatively in relation to management goals. Here we outline and operationalize a conceptual framework for identifying meaningful reference points and quantifying the current ecosystem state relative to them. The framework requires clear articulation of management goals and is built on a review of current scientific understanding and assessment of data availability. It develops a structured approach for choosing among three classes of reference points, including: (1) functional relationships that establish the ocean state that can be produced and sustained under different environmental conditions, (2) time series approaches that compare current to previous capacities to obtain a particular ocean state in a specific location, and (3) spatial reference points that compare current capacities to achieve a desired ocean state across regional (or, if necessary, global) scales. We illustrate this general framework through the lens of ocean health defined in terms of a coupled social-ecological system, with examples from fisheries, marine livelihoods, and water quality in the USA. Assessment of ocean health and ecosystem services can be significantly influenced by the choice of indicators used to track changes in a management goal, the type of reference point selected, and how one measures the distance of the current state from the reference point. This framework provides flexible, standardized methods for evaluating ocean health and ecosystem services that can advance important components of ecosystem-based management, including marine spatial planning, ecosystem service valuation, and integrated ecosystem assessments.
C1 [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Lester, Sarah E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Lester, Sarah E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Selig, Elizabeth R.] Conservat Int, Sci Knowledge Div, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Halpern, Benjamin S.; Longo, Catherine] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA.
[Halpern, Benjamin S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Marine Assessment & Planning, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Assessment Program, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02453 USA.
[McLeod, Karen L.] Oregon State Univ, COMPASS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Samhouri, JF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM jameal.samhouri@noaa.gov
FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation (DLPF); Waitt Foundation; Thomas W.
Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Oak Foundation;
Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and Conservation; Darden
Restaurants Inc. Foundation; Pacific Life Foundation; Conservation
International; New England Aquarium; National Geographic
FX We would like to thank Jason Cope, Tessa Sister Christian Francis, Allan
Hicks, Phil Levin, Andy Rosenberg, Mary Ruckelshaus, Courtney
Scarborough, and Steve Weisberg for helpful discussions during
development of this paper. It is a product of the National Center for
Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, through Science of Ecosystem-Based
Management funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (DLPF).
KM thanks COMPASS, supported by DLPF, for direct support. SL thanks the
Waitt Foundation for financial support. BH thanks Beau and Heather
Wrigley for generously providing the founding grant for the Ocean Health
Index project. Additional financial and in-kind support was provided by
the Thomas W. Haas Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, the
Oak Foundation, Akiko Shiraki Dynner Fund for Ocean Exploration and
Conservation, Darden Restaurants Inc. Foundation, Pacific Life
Foundation, Conservation International, New England Aquarium, and
National Geographic.
NR 59
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 41
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 5
AR UNSP 41
DI 10.1890/ES11-00366.1
PG 18
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 256HY
UT WOS:000327301600006
ER
PT J
AU Huang, M
Carmichael, GR
Kulkarni, S
Streets, DG
Lu, ZF
Zhang, Q
Pierce, RB
Kondo, Y
Jimenez, JL
Cubison, MJ
Anderson, B
Wisthaler, A
AF Huang, Min
Carmichael, Gregory R.
Kulkarni, Sarika
Streets, David G.
Lu, Zifeng
Zhang, Qiang
Pierce, R. Bradley
Kondo, Yutaka
Jimenez, Jose L.
Cubison, Michael J.
Anderson, Bruce
Wisthaler, Armin
TI Sectoral and geographical contributions to summertime continental United
States (CONUS) black carbon spatial distributions
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Black carbon; Sectoral and geographical contributions; Warming potential
ID AIR-QUALITY; WESTERN US; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT;
OZONE; MODEL; MASS
AB The sectoral and regional contributions from northern hemisphere anthropogenic and biomass burning emission sectors to black carbon (BC) distributions over the continental United States (CONUS) in summer 2008 are studied using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). North American (NA) emissions heavily (>70% of total emissions) affect the BC levels from the surface to similar to 5 km, while non-NA plumes compose more than half of the BC above similar to 5 km. Among all sectors, NA and non-NA biomass burning, NA transportation and non-NA residential emissions are the major contributors. The sectoral contributions vary among ten regions defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): NA anthropogenic emissions enhance northeastern US BC levels; biomass burning strongly impacts northern California and southeastern US; and the influence of extra-regional plumes is largest in the northwestern US but extends to eastern US. The mean contribution from non-NA sources to US surface BC is similar to 0.05 mu g m(-3), with a maximum value of similar to 0.11 mu g m(-3) in the northwestern US. The non-NA contributions to column BC are higher than to surface BC, ranging from 30% to 80%, depending on region. EPA region 8 is most sensitive to extra-regional BC, partially explaining the observed increasing BC trend there during the past decades associated with the increasing Asian BC emissions. Measurements from the June 24 DC-8 flight during the ARCTAS-CARB field campaign show that BC/(organic matter + nitrate + sulfate) mass ratios fairly well represent BC's warming potential over southern California, which can be approximated by BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate for plumes affected and unaffected by fires, respectively. The responses of BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate to removing each emission sector are further discussed, indicating that mitigating NA transportation emissions has the highest potential for regional air quality and climate co-benefits. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Huang, Min; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Kulkarni, Sarika] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
[Streets, David G.; Lu, Zifeng] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Zhang, Qiang] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
[Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA.
[Kondo, Yutaka] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
[Jimenez, Jose L.; Cubison, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jimenez, Jose L.; Cubison, Michael J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
[Wisthaler, Armin] Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu
RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Zhang,
Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lu, Zifeng/F-3266-2012; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012;
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pierce, Robert
Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350
FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX11AI52G, NNX08AD39G]; EPA [RD-83503701-0]; Austrian
Research Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR); Tiroler Zukunftstiftung
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We
thank the ARCTAS science team. We thank CGRER members A. D'Allura, B.
Adhikary and C. Wei who contributed to building the STEM forecast
modeling system for ARCTAS. The Iowa group was supported by NASA awards
(NNX08AH56G and NNX11AI52G) and an EPA award (RD-83503701-0). M. J.
Cubison and J. L. Jimenez were supported by a NASA award (NNX08AD39G).
Acetonitrile measurements were supported by the Austrian Research
Promotion Agency (FFG-ALR) and the Tiroler Zukunftstiftung and were
carried out with the help/support of T. Mikoviny, M. Graus, A. Hansel
and T. D. Maerk.
NR 39
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 25
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 51
BP 165
EP 174
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.021
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 921WK
UT WOS:000302508600019
ER
PT J
AU Frost, GJ
Falke, SR
Granier, C
Keating, T
Lamarque, JF
Melamed, ML
Middleton, P
Petron, G
Smith, SJ
AF Frost, Gregory J.
Falke, Stefan R.
Granier, Claire
Keating, Terry
Lamarque, Jean-Francois
Melamed, Megan L.
Middleton, Paulette
Petron, Gabrielle
Smith, Steven J.
TI New Directions: Toward a community emissions approach
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Emissions; Science-policy; Air quality; Climate; Community approach
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ROAD
C1 [Frost, Gregory J.; Granier, Claire; Petron, Gabrielle] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Frost, Gregory J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CU CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Falke, Stefan R.] Northrop Grumman, Arlington, VA USA.
[Granier, Claire] Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France.
[Keating, Terry] US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Melamed, Megan L.] Univ Washington, IGAC Int Project Off, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Middleton, Paulette] Panorama Pathways, Boulder, CO USA.
[Granier, Claire; Petron, Gabrielle] CU CIRES, Boulder, CO USA.
[Smith, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA.
[Smith, Steven J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Frost, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM gregory.j.frost@noaa.gov; stefan.falke@ngc.com; claire.granier@noaa.gov;
keating.terry@epa.gov; lamar@ucar.edu; megan@igacproject.org;
paulette@panoramapathways.net; gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov; ssmith@pnl.gov
RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Frost,
Gregory/I-1958-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074;
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 51
BP 333
EP 334
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.055
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 921WK
UT WOS:000302508600037
ER
PT J
AU Keller, AA
Molton, KJ
Hicks, AC
Haltuch, M
Wetzel, C
AF Keller, Aimee A.
Molton, Kyle J.
Hicks, Allan C.
Haltuch, Melissa
Wetzel, Chantell
TI Variation in age and growth of greenstriped rockfish (Sebastes
elongatus) along the U.S. west coast (Washington to California)
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Greenstriped rockfish; Weight-length; Size-at-age; US west coast;
Groundfish survey
ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; POINT CONCEPTION;
DIPLOPROA; SOUTHERN; OREGON; SHELF
AB Greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus, are a common commercial and recreational species often taken as bycatch in commercial fisheries off the U.S. west coast. We evaluated weight-length relationships and size-at-age using von Bertalanffy growth models for greenstriped rockfish sampled along the U.S. west coast from 2003 to 2008. Based on regression analyses, populations were subdivided into two depth strata (55-122 m and 122-450 m) and four geographic regions (48 degrees 10'N-48 degrees 28'N, 40 degrees 26'N-48 degrees 10'N, 34 degrees 27'N-40 degrees 26'N, and 32 degrees 30'N-34 degrees 27'N) and differences in length, age, and growth examined by gender. Strong evidence of variation in weight-length relationships was found north and south of Cape Mendocino (40 degrees 26'N) but little variation was noted for depth or gender. In contrast, variations in von Bertalanffy growth models were highly dimorphic between sexes with consistent patterns across depth and geographic regions. Females grew more slowly and reached larger asymptotic sizes (L-infinity, cm) relative to males in all regions examined. Asymptotic size for both males and females tended to increase at higher latitude and increased depth. However, the smallest asymptotic sizes occurred in the region from Pt. Conception to Cape Mendocino, CA (34 degrees 27'N-40 degrees 26'N), rather than lower latitudes south of Pt. Conception (32 degrees 30'N-34 degrees 27'N). Greenstriped rockfish growth coefficients (k, yr(-1)) exhibited a more complex pattern. Higher growth coefficients were associated with regions within the northern California Current System characterized by high productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Hicks, Allan C.; Haltuch, Melissa; Wetzel, Chantell] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Molton, Kyle J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Keller, AA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov
NR 42
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 119
BP 80
EP 88
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.12.012
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 920WV
UT WOS:000302440400007
ER
PT J
AU Stoner, AW
AF Stoner, Allan W.
TI Evaluating vitality and predicting mortality in spot prawn, Pandalus
platyceros, using reflex behaviors
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Prawn; Mortality; Bycatch; Discard; Handling; Behavior
ID COLLATERAL MORTALITY; METAPENAEUS-MACLEAYI; CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI;
NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; DISCARD MORTALITY; SCHOOL PRAWNS; AIR EXPOSURE;
TANNER CRABS; LOBSTER; IMPAIRMENT
AB Evaluating vitality and predicting mortality in commercially exploited crustaceans is increasingly important for reducing discard mortality and for improving handling and shipping for live markets. A suite of 10 reflex actions were identified in spot prawns (Pandalus platyceros) that vary in sensitivity to injury and type of stressor. After establishing a baseline for stereotypic reflexes, prawns were subjected to physiological stress (emersion up to 60 min) and physical trauma (dropping). The prawns were tolerant of air exposure up to 40 min, but susceptible to injuries from dropping and the results within treatments were variable. However, mortality of individuals over a 30-day recovery period was closely related to a simple reflex impairment score calculated as the sum of reflexes lost (range = 0-10) and the effects of different injuries were additive. Logistic regression indicated that reflex impairment was an excellent predictor of delayed mortality (87.5% correct predictions) across prawn size (35-48 mm carapace length) and treatment types. A sigmoid curve describing the relationship between impairment and mortality was termed a Reflex Action Mortality Predictor. This RAMP approach should be a valuable tool in practical experiments related to both discard mortality and handling live crustaceans without the need for tagging or long-term holding. Published by Elsevier B.v.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM al.stoner@noaa.gov
NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 19
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 119
BP 108
EP 114
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.12.014
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 920WV
UT WOS:000302440400011
ER
PT J
AU Lomeli, MJM
Wakefield, WW
AF Lomeli, Mark J. M.
Wakefield, W. Waldo
TI Efforts to reduce Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rockfish
(Sebastes spp.) bycatch in the U.S. west coast Pacific hake (Merluccius
productus) fishery
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bycatch reduction devices; Escape windows; Chinook salmon; Pacific hake;
Fish behavior
ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SEAWATER TEMPERATURE;
HERDING BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-INTENSITY; TRAWL FISHERY; FISHING GEARS; NET;
MORTALITY; SELECTIVITY
AB This study examined two versions of an open escape window bycatch reduction device (BRD) designed to reduce bycatch of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rockfish (Sebastes spp.) in the U.S. Pacific coast Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery. Tests were conducted off central Oregon during 2009 and 2010 aboard a midwater trawler. Data on fish behavior and gear performance were observed using autonomous high-resolution low-light color video cameras and artificial lights. During this study, one of the BRD versions reduced both Chinook salmon and widow rockfish (S. entomelas) bycatch. The use of artificial light was also noted to influence the behavior of Chinook salmon. The mean escape time of Chinook salmon differed significantly between the two versions examined. Escapement of Pacific hake, the target species, was rarely observed. Results of this study suggest that there is potential for reducing Chinook salmon and widow rockfish bycatch in the Pacific hake fishery using open escape window BRDs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lomeli, Mark J. M.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Wakefield, W. Waldo] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Lomeli, MJM (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM mlomeli@psmfc.org
FU NOAA
FX We would like to thank the F/V Miss Sue for their assistance with this
research. We would also like to thank Robert Hannah (Oregon Department
of Fish and Wildlife), Craig Rose (NOAA Fisheries Service-Alaska
Fisheries Science Center), Kurt Cochran (F/V Marathon), and Foulweather
Trawl, LLC as they had important roles in developing the two BRD designs
examined. Funding for this study was provided by the NOAA Fisheries
Service Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 119
BP 128
EP 132
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.11.003
PG 5
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 920WV
UT WOS:000302440400013
ER
PT J
AU Lee, HH
Maunder, MN
Piner, KR
Methot, RD
AF Lee, Hui-Hua
Maunder, Mark N.
Piner, Kevin R.
Methot, Richard D.
TI Reply to 'The reliability of estimates of natural mortality from stock
assessment models'
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Letter
ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-OCEAN
C1 [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Maunder, Mark N.] Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Methot, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Lee, HH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 119
BP 154
EP 155
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.015
PG 2
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 920WV
UT WOS:000302440400017
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, F
Allen, AJ
Levine, LE
Espinal, L
Antonucci, JM
Skrtic, D
O'Donnell, JNR
Ilavsky, J
AF Zhang, Fan
Allen, Andrew J.
Levine, Lyle E.
Espinal, Laura
Antonucci, Joseph M.
Skrtic, Drago
O'Donnell, Justin N. R.
Ilavsky, Jan
TI Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
studies of incipient structural changes in amorphous calcium
phosphate-based dental composites
SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE amorphous calcium phosphate; polymeric dental composites;
microstructure; ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; X-ray
photon-correlation spectroscopy
ID BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; RESIN COMPOSITES;
PHOSPHATE/METHACRYLATE COMPOSITES; WATER SORPTION; ION RELEASE;
HYDROXYAPATITE; TRANSFORMATION; CARBONATE; PHASE
AB The local structural changes in amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based dental composites were studied under isothermal conditions using both static, bulk measurement techniques and a recently developed methodology based on combined ultra-small angle X-ray scatteringX-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXSXPCS), which permits a dynamic approach. While results from conventional bulk measurements do not show clear signs of structural change, USAXSXPCS results reveal unambiguous evidence for local structural variations on a similar time scale to that of water loss in the ACP fillers. A thermal-expansion-based simulation indicates that thermal behavior alone does not account for the observed dynamics. Together, these results suggest that changes in the water content of ACP affect the composite morphology due to changes in ACP structure that occur without an amorphous-to-crystalline conversion. It is also noted that biomedical materials research could benefit greatly from USAXSXPCS, a dynamic approach. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
C1 [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.; Espinal, Laura; Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhang, Fan] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA.
[Skrtic, Drago; O'Donnell, Justin N. R.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fan.zhang@nist.gov
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900;
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institute of Dental and
Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [DE 13169]
FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
Research (NIDCR); contract grant number: DE 13169; The authors thank K.
Peterson of Argonne's APS Engineering Support Division for help in
optimizing the time resolution of the USAXS photodiode detector, K.
Beyer and Troy Lutes of Argonne's X-ray Science Division instrument loan
pool for lending us the Linkam thermal stage used to control the sample
temperatures. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science
User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE
under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 46
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 15
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1549-3296
J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A
JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 100A
IS 5
BP 1293
EP 1306
DI 10.1002/jbm.a.34018
PG 14
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 915IN
UT WOS:000302017800022
PM 22374649
ER
PT J
AU Bennett, DA
Swetz, DS
Horansky, RD
Schmidt, DR
Ullom, JN
AF Bennett, D. A.
Swetz, D. S.
Horansky, R. D.
Schmidt, D. R.
Ullom, J. N.
TI A Two-Fluid Model for the Transition Shape in Transition-Edge Sensors
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY
SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH
HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys
DE Transition-edge sensors; Superconducting transition
ID SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION; MICROCALORIMETERS
AB Superconducting microcalorimeters based on transition-edge sensors (TESs) are being successfully used in applications ranging from optical photon counting to gamma-ray and alpha particle spectroscopy. Practical instruments often require a complex optimization among speed, linearity and energy resolution. However, a lack of understanding of the superconducting transition limits our ability to predict the behavior of a new TES design. Specifically, there is an unmet need for a model that predicts the current and temperature dependent resistance surface that describes the transition: R(I,T). This paper describes the predictions of a two-fluid model for the resistance of a TES based on a Ginzburg-Landau form of the critical current. We compare the predictions of the model for the logarithmic derivatives of resistance with temperature and current (alpha and beta) to measurements of TESs used in x-ray and gamma spectrometers. The model shows excellent qualitative agreement that provides useful insight into the dependence of alpha and beta on the current density and bias point of the TES.
C1 [Bennett, D. A.; Swetz, D. S.; Horansky, R. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
EM douglas.bennett@nist.gov
RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012
OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690
NR 8
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 9
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 3-4
BP 102
EP 107
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0431-4
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 916IA
UT WOS:000302093500003
ER
PT J
AU Bintley, D
MacIntosh, M
Holland, W
Dempsey, J
Friberg, P
Thomas, H
Ade, P
Sudiwala, R
Irwin, K
Hilton, G
Niemack, M
Amiri, M
Chapin, E
Halpern, M
AF Bintley, D.
MacIntosh, M.
Holland, W.
Dempsey, J.
Friberg, P.
Thomas, H.
Ade, P.
Sudiwala, R.
Irwin, K.
Hilton, G.
Niemack, M.
Amiri, M.
Chapin, E.
Halpern, M.
TI Commissioning SCUBA-2 at JCMT and Optimising the Performance of the
Superconducting TES Arrays
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY
SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH
HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys
DE TES; Bolometer; Detector array; Submillimeter astronomy
AB SCUBA-2 is a state of the art 10,000 pixel submillimeter camera providing wide-field simultaneous imaging at 450 and 850 microns. The instrument is in the final stages of commissioning at the JCMT and is the largest low temperature detector array in operation. Twin focal planes each consist of four 32 by 40 sub-arrays of superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers, with inline SQUID time-division multiplexed readout. In this paper we discuss the challenges and steps taken to optimise the performance of the SCUBA-2 arrays and maximise the mapping speed of the instrument. We present results of characterising the eight 1280 bolometer arrays and show the performance of the detectors and the instrument.
C1 [Bintley, D.; Dempsey, J.; Friberg, P.; Thomas, H.] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[MacIntosh, M.; Holland, W.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Ade, P.; Sudiwala, R.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
[Irwin, K.; Hilton, G.; Niemack, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Amiri, M.; Chapin, E.; Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
RP Bintley, D (reprint author), Joint Astron Ctr, 665 Komohana St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
EM d.bintley@jach.hawaii.edu; mike.macintosh@stfc.ac.uk
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 3-4
BP 152
EP 160
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0601-z
PN 1
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 916IA
UT WOS:000302093500011
ER
PT J
AU Bandler, SR
Irwin, KD
Kelly, D
Nagler, PN
Porst, JP
Rotzinger, H
Sadleir, JE
Seidel, GM
Smith, SJ
Stevenson, TR
AF Bandler, S. R.
Irwin, K. D.
Kelly, D.
Nagler, P. N.
Porst, J. -P.
Rotzinger, H.
Sadleir, J. E.
Seidel, G. M.
Smith, S. J.
Stevenson, T. R.
TI Magnetically Coupled Microcalorimeters
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY
SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH
HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys
DE Microcalorimeters; Cryogenic; Detectors
ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; CALORIMETERS; PERFORMANCE;
DETECTORS; ARRAYS
AB Magnetic calorimeters have been under development for over 20 years targeting a wide variety of different applications that require very high resolution spectroscopy. They have a number of properties that distinguish them from other low temperature detectors. In this paper we review these properties and emphasize the types of application to which they are most suited. We will describe what has been learned about the best materials, geometries, and read-out amplifiers and our understanding of the measured performance and theoretical limits. While most magnetic calorimeter research has concentrated on the use of paramagnets to provide the temperature sensitivity, recently magnetically coupled microcalorimeters have been in development that utilize the diamagnetic response of superconductors. We will contrast some of the properties of the two different magnetic sensor types.
C1 [Bandler, S. R.; Porst, J. -P.; Smith, S. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bandler, S. R.; Porst, J. -P.; Smith, S. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bandler, S. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kelly, D.; Nagler, P. N.; Sadleir, J. E.; Stevenson, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Detector Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Porst, J. -P.; Seidel, G. M.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Rotzinger, H.] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Bandler, SR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM Simon.R.Bandler@nasa.gov
RI Porst, Jan-Patrick/D-2191-2012; Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Smith,
Stephen/B-1256-2008
OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675
NR 21
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 3-4
BP 254
EP 268
DI 10.1007/s10909-012-0544-4
PN 1
PG 15
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 916IA
UT WOS:000302093500027
ER
PT J
AU Moore, DC
Golwala, S
Bumble, B
Cornell, B
Mazin, BA
Gao, J
Day, PK
LeDuc, HG
Zmuidzinas, J
AF Moore, D. C.
Golwala, S.
Bumble, B.
Cornell, B.
Mazin, B. A.
Gao, J.
Day, P. K.
LeDuc, H. G.
Zmuidzinas, J.
TI Phonon Mediated Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY
SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH
HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys
DE LEKIDs; Athermal phonon-mediated particle detectors
AB We are developing athermal-phonon mediated particle detectors using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) as the phonon sensing elements. Since MKIDs are easily multiplexed, hundreds of sensors patterned on a single dielectric substrate can be read out simultaneously, leading to a precise, time-resolved measurement of the phonon flux at each point on the detector surface. In addition to providing a high-resolution measurement of the location of the interaction, the energy deposited by the particle can be reconstructed with an expected baseline resolution of tens of eV. The complexity of the cryogenic readout electronics is significantly reduced relative to designs based on multiplexed transition edge sensors (TES). Initial proof-of-principle devices demonstrate energy resolutions as good as 0.7 keV at 30 keV, dominated by the position dependence of the phonon signal. New designs are aimed at improving this resolution by more than an order of magnitude. Such high-resolution phonon mediated detectors would have applications including direct detection of dark matter, hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray astrophysics, neutrinoless double beta decay, and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering.
C1 [Moore, D. C.; Golwala, S.; Cornell, B.; Zmuidzinas, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bumble, B.; Day, P. K.; LeDuc, H. G.; Zmuidzinas, J.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
[Mazin, B. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Gao, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Moore, DC (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM davidm@caltech.edu
RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011
OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114
NR 13
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 13
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 3-4
BP 329
EP 334
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0434-1
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 916IA
UT WOS:000302093500035
ER
PT J
AU Lowell, PJ
O'Neil, GC
Underwood, JM
Ullom, JN
AF Lowell, Peter J.
O'Neil, Galen C.
Underwood, Jason M.
Ullom, Joel N.
TI Andreev Reflections in Micrometer-Scale Normal
Metal-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY
SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH
HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys
DE Andreev reflection; Microrefrigerators; Subgap conductance;
Superconducting tunnel junctions
ID CONDUCTIVITY
AB Understanding the subgap behavior of Normal metal-Insulator-Superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions is important in order to be able to accurately model the thermal properties of the junctions. Hekking and Nazarov (Phys. Rev. B 49:6847, 1994) developed a theory in which NIS subgap current in thin-film structures can be modeled by multiple Andreev reflections. In their theory, the current due to Andreev reflections depends on the junction area and the junction resistance area product. We have measured the current due to Andreev reflections in NIS tunnel junctions for various junction sizes and junction resistance area products and found that the multiple reflection theory is in agreement with our data.
C1 [Lowell, Peter J.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Underwood, Jason M.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lowell, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MS 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM peter.lowell@nist.gov
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 3-4
BP 392
EP 397
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0425-2
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 916IA
UT WOS:000302093500045
ER
PT J
AU Nibarger, JP
Beall, JA
Becker, D
Britton, J
Cho, HM
Fox, A
Hilton, GC
Hubmayr, J
Li, D
McMahon, J
Niemack, MD
Irwin, KD
Van Lanen, J
Yoon, KW
AF Nibarger, John P.
Beall, James A.
Becker, Dan
Britton, Joe
Cho, Hsiao-Mei
Fox, Anna
Hilton, Gene C.
Hubmayr, Johannes
Li, Dale
McMahon, Jeff
Niemack, Michael D.
Irwin, Kent D.
Van Lanen, Jeff
Yoon, Ki Won
TI An 84 Pixel All-Silicon Corrugated Feedhorn for CMB Measurements
SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Workshop on Low Temperature Particle Detection (LTD)
CY AUG 01-05, 2011
CL Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys, Heidelberg, GERMANY
SP European Microkelvin Collaborat, Oxford Instruments, Max-Planck Inst Nucl Phys Heidelberg, Entropy GmbH, Heidelberg Instruments Mikrotechnik GmbH
HO Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff-Inst Phys
DE Observational cosmology; Millimeter wavelength optics; MEMs; Microwave
feedhorns
AB Silicon platelet corrugated feedhorn arrays for cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements at millimeter wavelengths (130 GHz to 170 GHz) have been developed for deployment for the polarization-sensitive upgrade to both the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACTpol) and the South Pole Telescope (SPTpol). We present fabrication developments and the first results of a prototype monolithic feedhorn array consisting of 84 horns. Measurements at room temperature show good beam quality across the needed bandwidth, return loss of <-20 dB, an insertion loss of <-0.4 dB, and cross polarization of <-23 dB. The 32 platelets were aligned to a 1 sigma variation of 8 mu m.
C1 [Nibarger, John P.; Beall, James A.; Becker, Dan; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Fox, Anna; Hilton, Gene C.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Li, Dale; Niemack, Michael D.; Irwin, Kent D.; Van Lanen, Jeff] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80027 USA.
[Britton, Joe] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80027 USA.
[McMahon, Jeff] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Yoon, Ki Won] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA.
RP Nibarger, JP (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80027 USA.
EM john.nibarger@nist.gov
OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347
NR 6
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0022-2291
J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS
JI J. Low Temp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 167
IS 3-4
BP 522
EP 527
DI 10.1007/s10909-011-0428-z
PN 1
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 916IA
UT WOS:000302093500065
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, F
Allen, AJ
Levine, LE
Ilavsky, J
Long, GG
AF Zhang, F.
Allen, A. J.
Levine, L. E.
Ilavsky, J.
Long, G. G.
TI Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering-X-ray Photon Correlation
Spectroscopy: A New Measurement Technique for In-Situ Studies of
Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Dynamics
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE LATEX SPHERES;
LIGHT-SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES; MIXTURES; GLYCEROL; BEAM
AB Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS) is a new measurement technique for the study of equilibrium and slow nonequilibrium dynamics in disordered materials. This technique fills a gap between the accessible scattering vector ranges of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and XPCS. It also overcomes the limits of visible light scattering techniques imposed by multiple scattering and is suitable for the study of optically opaque materials containing near-micrometer-sized structures. In this article, we present an overview of the important technical aspects of USAXS-XPCS and offer a few examples as well as future outlooks to illustrate the capability of USAXS-XPCS for monitoring equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics.
C1 [Ilavsky, J.; Long, G. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Allen, A. J.; Levine, L. E.; Long, G. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhang, F.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA.
RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ilavsky@aps.anl.gov
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900;
FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U.S.
DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank J.M. Antonucci, D. Skrtic, and J.N.R. O'Donnell, NIST's
Polymers Division, for preparing the dental composite samples.
ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science
Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant No. NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of
the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated
for the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) Office of Science
by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 49
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 21
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1073-5623
J9 METALL MATER TRANS A
JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 43A
IS 5
BP 1445
EP 1453
DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0790-0
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 916JG
UT WOS:000302097400009
ER
PT J
AU Johansson, M
Duda, E
Sremba, A
Banks, M
Peterson, W
AF Johansson, Mattias
Duda, Elizabeth
Sremba, Angela
Banks, Michael
Peterson, William
TI Assessing population-level variation in the mitochondrial genome of
Euphausia superba using 454 next-generation sequencing
SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
DE Euphausia superba; mtDNA; Mitogenome; Variability; Control region
ID ANTARCTIC KRILL; CONTROL REGION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; SEA-ICE; DNA; PCR;
EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC
AB The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana 1852) is widely distributed throughout the Southern Ocean, where it provides a key link between primary producers and upper trophic levels and supports a major commercial fishery. Despite its ecological and commercial importance, genetic population structure of the Antarctic krill remains poorly described. In an attempt to illuminate genetic markers for future population and phylogenetic analysis, five E. superba mitogenomes, from samples collected west of the Antarctic Peninsula, were sequenced using new 454 next-generation sequencing techniques. The sequences, of lengths between 13,310 and 13,326 base pairs, were then analyzed in the context of two previously-published near-complete sequences. Sequences revealed relatively well-conserved partial mitochondrial genomes which included complete sequences for 11 of 13 protein-coding genes, 16 of 23 tRNAs, and the large ribosomal subunit. Partial sequences were also recovered for cox1 and the small ribosomal subunit. Sequence analysis suggested that the cox2, nad5, and nad6 genes would be the best candidates for future population genetics analyses, due to their high number of variable sites. Future work to reveal the noncoding control region remains.
C1 [Johansson, Mattias; Duda, Elizabeth; Sremba, Angela; Banks, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Duda, Elizabeth] Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
[Peterson, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Johansson, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM mattias.johansson@oregonstate.edu
RI Johansson, Mattias/F-1049-2011
OI Johansson, Mattias/0000-0003-3042-750X
FU ASSURE of the Department of Defense; National Science Foundation REU
[NSF OCE-1004947]
FX The authors would like to thank D. Jacobson, E. Slikas, D. Steel, and A.
Alexander for their support with the 454 sequencing and analysis, C.
Shaw for the samples used in this study, and M. O'Connor for assistance
in constructing our sampling map. This research was co-funded by the
ASSURE program of the Department of Defense in partnership with the
National Science Foundation REU Site program under Grant No. NSF
OCE-1004947.
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0301-4851
J9 MOL BIOL REP
JI Mol. Biol. Rep.
PD MAY
PY 2012
VL 39
IS 5
BP 5755
EP 5760
DI 10.1007/s11033-011-1385-y
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 917BU
UT WOS:000302147800082
PM 22219085
ER
EF