FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Wirgin, I
Roy, NK
Loftus, M
Chambers, RC
Franks, DG
Hahn, ME
AF Wirgin, I
Roy, N. K.
Loftus, M.
Chambers, R. C.
Franks, D. G.
Hahn, M. E.
TI Mechanistic Basis of Resistance to PCBs and Dioxin in Atlantic Tomcod
from the Hudson River.
SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society on
Environmental Impacts on the Genome and Epigenome - Mechanisms and Risks
CY OCT 15-19, 2011
CL Montreal, CANADA
SP Environm Mutagen Soc
C1 [Wirgin, I; Roy, N. K.; Loftus, M.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY USA.
[Chambers, R. C.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ USA.
[Franks, D. G.; Hahn, M. E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 22
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0893-6692
J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN
JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 52
SU 1
BP S13
EP S13
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA 860DU
UT WOS:000297929800005
ER
PT J
AU Smith, RK
Schmidt, C
Montgomery, MT
AF Smith, Roger K.
Schmidt, ChristophW.
Montgomery, Michael T.
TI An investigation of rotational influences on tropical-cyclone size and
intensity
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE hurricane; typhoon; boundary layer; ambient rotation rate
ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; POTENTIAL INTENSITY;
MAXIMUM INTENSITY; MODEL; DYNAMICS; VORTEX; CYCLOGENESIS; SIMULATION;
VORTICES
AB We investigate the rotational constraint on the intensity and size of a tropical cyclones using a minimal, three-layer, axisymmetric tropical-cyclone model. In the first of two sets of experiments, the same initial baroclinic vortex is spun up in a quiescent environment with different levels of background rotation, characterized by the Coriolis parameter, f. It is found that the strongest vortices, as characterized by their final intensity, develop in environments with intermediate background rotation. It is found also that there exists a similar optimum background rotation strength to obtain the largest storm as measured by the radius of gale-force winds. These results appear to be in line with those of classical laboratory experiments by Turner and Lilly, an analogy that we explore in the present article. While the analogy is found to have certain limitations, including the fact that spin-up of the maximum tangential winds in the inner-core in the model takes place in the boundary layer, the study raises aspects of tropical-cyclone dynamics that we believe to be of fundamental importance and require further investigation.
As an aid to understanding the foregoing results, a second set of calculations is carried out with the vortex forced by a prescribed radial profile of diabatic heating rate typical of that in the first set and with other moist processes excluded. For this distribution of heating rate, there is no optimum background rotation rate for intensity within a realistic range of values for f, implying that the relationship between the forcing strength and rotation strength is an important additional constraint in tropical cyclones. However, in these experiments, there is an optimum latitude for size, comparable with that in the first set of experiments. An interpretation is offered for these findings. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Smith, Roger K.; Schmidt, ChristophW.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
[Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Dept Meteorol, Postgrad Sch, Monterey Calif & Hurricane Res Div,NOAA, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany.
EM roger.smith@lmu.de
FU German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft); US Office of
Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division;
US National Science Foundation [ATM-0649944, ATM-0715426]
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their perceptive and constructive
comments on the original version of this manuscript. RKS and CWS
acknowledge financial support for hurricane research from the German
Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). MTM acknowledges the
support of grant no. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval
Research, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division, and the US National
Science Foundation grants ATM-0649944 and ATM-0715426.
NR 48
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 660
SI SI
BP 1841
EP 1855
DI 10.1002/qj.862
PN A
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 854SC
UT WOS:000297513500016
ER
PT J
AU Hinke, JT
Trivelpiece, WZ
AF Hinke, Jefferson T.
Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.
TI Daily activity and minimum food requirements during winter for gentoo
penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
SO POLAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pygoscelis; Winter consumption; Archival tag; Seasonality; Antarctica;
Euphausia superba
ID KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; FUR SEALS; EUDYPTES-CHRYSOLOPHUS; CHINSTRAP
PENGUINS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; POPULATION-CHANGES; FORAGING ECOLOGY;
MARINE PREDATORS; ADELIE PENGUINS; DIVING PATTERN
AB Estimates of daily activity and consequent demand for food during winter are scarce for many polar seabirds, yet essential for assessing constraints on foraging effort, demand for food, and potential competition with local fisheries. We affixed archival temperature tags to gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from two colonies in the South Shetland Islands to measure the frequency, timing, and duration of foraging trips and to estimate minimum food requirements during winter. Foraging trip frequencies ranged from 0.85 to 1.0 trips day(-1) and were positively correlated with day length. Early winter foraging trips more closely matched day length than late winter foraging trips. The data suggest that individuals maximize foraging time during the early winter period, likely to recover body mass following the breeding season and molt. The more attenuated response of foraging trip durations to increasing day length in late winter may be related to differences in local resource availability or individual behaviors prior to the upcoming breeding season. Minimum food requirements also exhibited a seasonal cycle with a mid-winter minimum. On average, minimum food requirements were estimated at 0.70 +/- 0.12 kg day(-1). Extrapolated to the regional population of gentoo penguins, winter food requirements by gentoo penguins were equivalent to roughly 33% of annual krill catches by commercial fisheries in the South Shetland Island region over the past decade. Current expansion of the gentoo population and the krill fishery in the southern Scotia Sea warrants continued monitoring of gentoo penguins during winter.
C1 [Hinke, Jefferson T.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Hinke, Jefferson T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92903 USA.
RP Hinke, JT (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Jefferson.Hinke@noaa.gov
FU US Antarctic Marine Living Resources program; Pew Charitable Trusts;
National Science Foundation [1016936]
FX Many thanks to S. Trivelpiece, D. Loomis, M. Polito, S. Agius, S.
Rogers, R. Orben, A. Miller, and E. Leung for help with tag deployment
and recovery. Solar data were provided by the US Naval Observatory.
Comments by G. Kooyman, J. Graham, G. Watters, J. Barlow, J. Greene, and
3 anonymous reviewers improved earlier versions of this manuscript. We
gratefully acknowledge financial support from the US Antarctic Marine
Living Resources program, the Lenfest Oceans Program at the Pew
Charitable Trusts, and the National Science Foundation (grant #1016936
to WZT). This research was conducted in accordance with national and
international guidelines concerning the use of animals in research under
permits from the National Science Foundation to WZT. Use of brand name
does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 55
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 31
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4060
J9 POLAR BIOL
JI Polar Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 10
BP 1579
EP 1590
DI 10.1007/s00300-011-1018-x
PG 12
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 850NR
UT WOS:000297202300015
ER
PT J
AU Musyl, MK
Brill, RW
Curran, DS
Fragoso, NM
McNaughton, LM
Nielsen, A
Kikkawa, BS
Moyes, CD
AF Musyl, Michael K.
Brill, Richard W.
Curran, Daniel S.
Fragoso, Nuno M.
McNaughton, Lianne M.
Nielsen, Anders
Kikkawa, Bert S.
Moyes, Christopher D.
TI Postrelease survival, vertical and horizontal movements, and thermal
habitats of five species of pelagic sharks in the central Pacific Ocean
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC;
SHORTFIN MAKO SHARK; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; BLUE SHARKS;
ALOPIAS-SUPERCILIOSUS; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; LONGLINE FISHERY; WHITE MARLIN
AB From 2001 to 2006, 71 pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were deployed on five species of pelagic shark (blue shark [Prionace glauca]; shortfin mako [Isurus oxyrinchus]; silky shark [Carcharhinus falciformis]; oceanic whitetip shark [C. longimanus]; and bigeye thresher [Alopias superciliosus]) in the central Pacific Ocean to determine speciesspecific movement patterns and survival rates after release from longline fishing gear. Only a single postrelease mortality could be unequivocally documented: a male blue shark which succumbed seven days after release. Meta-analysis of published reports and the current study (n=78 reporting PSATs) indicated that the summary effect of postrelease mortality for blue sharks was 15% (95% CI, 8.5-25.1%) and suggested that catch-and-release in longline fisheries can be a viable management tool to protect parental biomass in shark populations. Pelagic sharks displayed species-specific depth and temperature ranges, although with significant individual temporal and spatial variability in vertical movement patterns, which were also punctuated by stochastic events (e.g., El Nino-Southern Oscillation). Pelagic species can be separated into three broad groups based on daytime temperature preferences by using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging clustering on a Kolmogorov-Smirnov Dmax distance matrix: 1) epipelagic species (silky and oceanic whitetip sharks), which spent >95% of their time at temperatures within 2 degrees C of sea surface temperature; 2) mesopelagic-I species (blue sharks and shortfin makos, which spent 95% of their time at temperatures from 9.7 degrees to 26.9 degrees C and from 9.4 degrees to 25.0 degrees C, respectively; and 3) mesopelagic-II species (bigeye threshers), which spent 95% of their time at temperatures from 6.7 degrees to 21.2 degrees C. Distinct thermal niche partitioning based on body size and latitude was also evident within epipelagic species.
C1 [Musyl, Michael K.; McNaughton, Lianne M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Brill, Richard W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Brill, Richard W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Curran, Daniel S.; Kikkawa, Bert S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Fragoso, Nuno M.] Large Pelag Res Ctr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
[Nielsen, Anders] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
[Moyes, Christopher D.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
RP Musyl, MK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM michael.musyl@noaa.gov
RI Nielsen, Anders/I-2536-2016
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA37RJ0199,
NA67RJ0154]; Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
(JIMAR), University of Hawaii
FX This project was funded by Cooperative Agreements NA37RJ0199 and
NA67RJ0154 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
with the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR),
University of Hawaii. We thank crew and officers of the NOAA RV Townsend
Cromwell and Oscar Elton Sette for their outstanding support. K.
Bigelow, M. Laurs, C. Boggs, and three anonymous referees provided
comments on an earlier draft that improved the manuscript. The
assistance of A. Au, Head Librarian, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science
Center, Honolulu, was greatly appreciated. This paper is dedicated to
the memory of our colleague, Bert Kikkawa.
NR 104
TC 43
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 49
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
EI 1937-4518
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 4
BP 341
EP 368
PG 28
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 839UT
UT WOS:000296395600001
ER
PT J
AU Wildes, SL
Vollenweider, JJ
Nguyen, HT
Guyon, JR
AF Wildes, Sharon L.
Vollenweider, Johanna J.
Nguyen, Hanhvan T.
Guyon, Jeffrey R.
TI Genetic variation between outer-coastal and fjord populations of Pacific
herring (Clupea pallasii) in the eastern Gulf of Alaska
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MARINE FISH; DIFFERENTIATION; HARENGUS; SOFTWARE
AB Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from the Gulf of Alaska were screened for temporal and spatial genetic variation with 15 microsatellite loci. Thirteen collections were examined in this study: 11 from Southeast Alaska and 2 from Prince William Sound, Alaska. Although F(ST) values were low, a neighbor-joining tree based on genetic distance, homogeneity, and F(ST) values revealed that collectively, the Berners Bay and Lynn Canal (interior) collections were genetically distinct from Sitka Sound and Prince of Wales Island (outer-coastal) collections. Temporal genetic variation within regions (among three years of Berners Bay spawners and between the two Sitka Sound spawners) was zero, whereas 0.05% was attributable to genetic variation between Berners Bay and Sitka Sound. This divergence may be attributable to environmental differences between interior archipelago waters and outer-coast habitats, such as differences in temperature and salinity. Early spring collections of nonspawning Lynn Canal herring were nearly genetically identical to collections of spawning herring in Berners Bay two months later-an indication that Berners Bay spawners over-winter in Lynn Canal. Southeast Alaskan herring (collectively) were significantly different from those in Prince William Sound. This study illustrates that adequate sample size is needed to detect variation in pelagic fish species with a large effective population size, and microsatellite markers may be useful in detecting low-level genetic divergence in Pacific herring in the Gulf of Alaska.
C1 [Wildes, Sharon L.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Nguyen, Hanhvan T.; Guyon, Jeffrey R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Wildes, SL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM Sharon.Wildes@noaa.gov
NR 33
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 4
BP 382
EP 393
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 839UT
UT WOS:000296395600003
ER
PT J
AU Javor, B
Lo, N
Vetter, R
AF Javor, Barbara
Lo, Nancy
Vetter, Russ
TI Otolith morphometrics and population structure of Pacific sardine
(Sardinops sagax) along the west coast of North America
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; FISH SIZE
RELATIONSHIP; SOMATIC GROWTH-RATE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;
SHAPE-ANALYSIS; STOCK DISCRIMINATION; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; TEMPERATURE
AB The broad distribution of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) along the Pacific coast of North America makes it difficult for fisheries managers to identify regional stocks of this dominant small pelagic species. An investigation of morphometric characteristics of otoliths of Pacific sardine across most of their range revealed regional differences in populations. In a survey of over 2000 otoliths, all ages (with an emphasis on age-1 recruits) were compared. Principal components analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and a novel method derived from regression and residuals calculations, termed perimeter-weight profiles (PWPs), revealed otolith similarities and differences. The results of the different approaches to statistical comparisons did not always agree. Sardine otoliths from Mexican waters were generally lighter and more lobate than those from U.S. and Canadian populations. Age-1 otoliths from northern California in 2006-07 tended to be heavier and smoother than those from other areas, including year-class cohorts from southern California. Comparisons of age-groups and year-classes of northern California otoliths with the use of the PWP models indicated significant trends in year-to-year patterns. In conjunction with other established indices of population structure, otolith PWPs are a useful tool for identifying local and regional stocks of Pacific sardine and may help distinguish populations of other fish species as well.
C1 [Javor, Barbara; Lo, Nancy; Vetter, Russ] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Javor, B (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM barbara.javor@noaa.gov
NR 39
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 22
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 4
BP 402
EP 415
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 839UT
UT WOS:000296395600005
ER
PT J
AU Carson, EW
Saillant, E
Renshaw, MA
Cummings, NJ
Gold, JR
AF Carson, Evan W.
Saillant, Eric
Renshaw, Mark A.
Cummings, Nancie J.
Gold, John R.
TI Population structure, long-term connectivity, and effective size of
mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) in the Caribbean Sea and Florida Keys
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; MARINE POPULATIONS; STATISTICAL
TESTS; REEF FISH; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; DNA;
CAMPECHANUS; COALESCENT
AB Genetic structure and average long-term connectivity and effective size of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) sampled from offshore localities in the U.S. Caribbean and the Florida Keys were assessed by using nuclear-encoded microsatellites and a fragment of mitochondrial DNA. No significant differences in allele, genotype (microsatellites), or haplotype (mtDNA) distributions were detected; tests of selective neutrality (mtDNA) were nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. Heuristic estimates of average long-term rate of migration (proportion of migrant individuals/generation) between geographically adjacent localities varied from 0.0033 to 0.0054, indicating that local subpopulations could respond independently of environmental perturbations. Estimates of average long-term effective population sizes varied from 341 to 1066 and differed significantly among several of the localities. These results indicate that over time larval drift and interregional adult movement may not be sufficient to maintain population sustainability across the region and that there may be different demographic stocks at some of the localities studied. The estimate of long-term effective population size at the locality offshore of St. Croix was below the minimum threshold size considered necessary to maintain the equilibrium between the loss of adaptive genetic variance from genetic drift and its replacement by mutation. Genetic variability in mutton snapper likely is maintained at the intraregional level by aggregate spawning and random mating of local populations. This feature is perhaps ironic in that aggregate spawning also renders mutton snapper especially vulnerable to overexploitation.
C1 [Carson, Evan W.; Renshaw, Mark A.; Gold, John R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Saillant, Eric] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
[Cummings, Nancie J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Gold, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM goldfish@tamu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06NMF4540061]; Texas AgriLife Research
Projects [H-6703]; NOAA [NA08NMF4410463]
FX We thank the following for their invaluable assistance in obtaining
samples for this study: L. Anibal, J. Leon, H. Lopez, D.
Matos-Caraballo, and A. Rosario of the of Department of Natural and
Environmental Resources Fisheries Research Laboratory in Mayaguez,
Puerto Rico; W. Ledee and D. Olsen of the St. Thomas Fishermen's
Association; R. Nemeth of the University of the Virgin Islands; H.
Rivera and W. Tobias of the U.S. Virgin Islands Division of Fish and
Wildlife, and R. Beaver of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. We
especially thank B. Kojis for her efforts in obtaining the samples of
mutton snapper from St. Croix. Work was supported by the Cooperative
Research Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce (Grant
NA06NMF4540061), and the Texas AgriLife Research Projects H-6703.
Sampling by B. Kojis was supported by a grant (NA08NMF4410463) to the
Caribbean Fishery Management Council under the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Grant Program. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose
comments helped improve the manuscript. This article is number 79 in the
series "Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes" and contribution number 197 of
the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A&M University.
NR 79
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 22
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
EI 1937-4518
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 4
BP 416
EP 428
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 839UT
UT WOS:000296395600006
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, AH
Natanson, LJ
Kerr, LA
Burgess, GH
Cailliet, GM
AF Andrews, Allen H.
Natanson, Lisa J.
Kerr, Lisa A.
Burgess, George H.
Cailliet, Gregor M.
TI Bomb radiocarbon and tag-recapture dating of sandbar shark (Carcharhinus
plumbeus)
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; AGE VALIDATION; SUMMER NURSERY; GROWTH;
CHRONOLOGIES; VERTEBRAE; PRECISION; MOVEMENTS; CORALS; WATERS
AB The sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus)was the cornerstone species of western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico large coastal shark fisheries until 2008 when they were allocated to a research-only fishery. Despite decades of fishing on this species, important life history parameters, such as age and growth, have not been well known. Some validated age and growth information exists for sandbar shark, but more comprehensive life history information is needed. The complementary application of bomb radiocarbon and tag-recapture dating was used in this study to determine valid age-estimation criteria and longevity estimates for this species. These two methods indicated that current age interpretations based on counts of growth bands in vertebrae are accurate to 10 or 12 years. Beyond these years, we could not determine with certainty when such an underestimation of age begins; however, bomb radiocarbon and tag-recapture data indicated that large adult sharks were considerably older than the estimates derived from counts of growth bands. Three adult sandbar sharks were 20 to 26 years old based on bomb radiocarbon results and were a 5- to 11-year increase over the previous age estimates for these sharks. In support of these findings, the tag-recapture data provided results that were consistent with bomb radiocarbon dating and further supported a longevity that exceeds 30 years for this species.
C1 [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
[Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA Fisheries, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Kerr, Lisa A.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
[Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov
RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016
OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305
FU National Shark Research Consortium
FX We would like to thank F. F. Snelson (Florida Program for Shark
Research, retired) for help with project logistics. Prior work and data
provided by the long-term tagging of J. Casey, H. Pratt, and C.
Stillwell, and the original histological sections to which we refer,
made longevity estimates possible. We appreciate the contribution of
tag-recapture data by N. Kohler (Apex Predators Program). We also thank
R. Humphreys, E. DeMartini, R. Nichols, and three anonymous reviewers
for comments that improved the manuscript. Moss Landing Marine
Laboratories provided infrastructure support. T. Brown at Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory handled 14C measurements. This
work benefitted greatly from NMFS funding of the National Shark Research
Consortium.
NR 44
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 9
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 4
BP 454
EP 465
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 839UT
UT WOS:000296395600009
ER
PT J
AU Jelenkovic, BM
Phelps, AV
AF Jelenkovic, B. M.
Phelps, A. V.
TI The cathode-fall of low-pressure hydrogen discharges: Absolute spectral
emission and model
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
DE Boltzmann equation; glow discharges; hydrogen; plasma diagnostics;
plasma kinetic theory; plasma simulation; space charge; ultraviolet
spectra
ID CURRENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES; PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES; ANOMALOUS GLOW
DISCHARGES; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; FIELD MEASUREMENTS;
IONIC PROCESSES; EXCITATION; IONIZATION; H-2
AB Absolute excitation probabilities from very low to moderate-current hydrogen discharges in parallel-plane geometry are measured and used to test models. Relative emission data are obtained for the H-alpha line, the H-2 (a3 Sigma -> b3 Pi) near-UV continuum, and the H-2 (G(1)Sigma -> B-1 Pi(+)(u)) band at pressures of 0.5 and 2 Torr, a 1.05 cm gap, and voltages from 300 to 900 V. Electron behavior is traced using the first negative (A2 Sigma(g) -> X2 Pi(u), nu ' = 0 -> nu' = 0) band of N-2(+) by adding 2% N-2. Relative measurements of H-alpha, H-2 near-UV, and N-2 1st negative emission are placed on a absolute scale by normalization to published measurements and Boltzmann calculations of electron excitation. Emission probabilities calculated using a multi-beam kinetics model for the electrons, H+, H-2(+), H-3(+), H-, H, and H-2 are compared with the calibrated experiments. Fast H atoms are calculated to produce H-alpha excitation that is comparable with that of electrons. The calculated emission intensities for H-alpha and H-2 near-UV continuum are within a factor of three of the absolute measurements for a range of 5000:1 in current and 4:1 in hydrogen pressure. Calculations at 2 Torr show that most of the space charge electric field responsible for the cathode fall is produced by H-3(+) ions. [doi: 10.1063/1.3644492]
C1 [Jelenkovic, B. M.; Phelps, A. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jelenkovic, B. M.; Phelps, A. V.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Jelenkovic, B. M.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys, Zenum Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
RP Jelenkovic, BM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM branaj@ipb.ac.rs; avp@jila.colorado.edu
FU Air Force Wright Laboratories; National Institute of Standards and
Technology; US-Yugoslavia Joint Board [924]; Ministry of Education and
Science of Serbia [45016]
FX The authors thank A. Gallagher, Z. Lj. Petrovic, and Z. Donko for
helpful discussions. They also thank T. Brown and J. D. Krakover for
help with the electronics and the data-collection programming. This work
was supported in part by the Air Force Wright Laboratories, the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, the US-Yugoslavia Joint Board
Project 924, and Project 45016 of the Ministry of Education and Science
of Serbia.
NR 89
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 18
IS 10
AR 103505
DI 10.1063/1.3644492
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 841RE
UT WOS:000296529600074
ER
PT J
AU Mearns, AJ
Reish, DJ
Oshida, PS
Ginn, T
Rempel-Hester, MA
AF Mearns, Alan J.
Reish, Donald J.
Oshida, Philip S.
Ginn, Thomas
Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann
TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms
SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; sediment
quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano; POPs;
PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; disturbances; pharmaceuticals;
personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine
coatings; biocides; ballast water; oil spills; sewage; debris; dredging;
eutrophication; hypoxia; abnormalities; arctic; Antarctic
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; POLYCYCLIC
AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; SOLE SOLEA-SOLEA; HERRING
CLUPEA-HARENGUS; BALLAST WATER-TREATMENT; NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; REEF
FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND
AB This review covers selected 2010 articles on the biological, chemical and physical effects of natural and anthropogenic pollutants on marine and estuarine plants and animals. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (concentrations of contaminants, field surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers). Reviewed papers focus further on pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on oil spills due to the catastrophic Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and ongoing cleanup. Several topical areas reviewed in the past were dropped this year due to circumstances beyond our control. Further, the focus is limited to effects, not on pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e. g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). As always, readers should only use this as a guide and must consult the original papers before citing them, including double-checking units.
C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
[Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA.
[Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA.
RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov
NR 260
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 8
U2 143
PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA
SN 1061-4303
J9 WATER ENVIRON RES
JI Water Environ. Res.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 10
BP 1789
EP 1852
DI 10.2175/106143011X13075599870171
PG 64
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water
Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater
Biology; Water Resources
GA 847IU
UT WOS:000296967400030
ER
PT J
AU Sorooshian, S
AghaKouchak, A
Arkin, P
Eylander, J
Foufoula-Georgiou, E
Harmon, R
Hendrickx, JMH
Imam, B
Kuligowski, R
Skahill, B
Skofronick-Jackson, G
AF Sorooshian, Soroosh
AghaKouchak, Amir
Arkin, Phillip
Eylander, John
Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi
Harmon, Russell
Hendrickx, Jan M. H.
Imam, Bisher
Kuligowski, Robert
Skahill, Brian
Skofronick-Jackson, Gail
TI ADVANCING THE REMOTE SENSING OF PRECIPITATION
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [AghaKouchak, Amir] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
[Arkin, Phillip] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Eylander, John] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USA.
[Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Harmon, Russell] USA, Res Lab, Durham, NC USA.
[Hendrickx, Jan M. H.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA.
[Kuligowski, Robert] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Skahill, Brian] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA.
[Skofronick-Jackson, Gail] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP AghaKouchak, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA.
EM amir.a@uci.edu
RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012;
Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009
OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Kuligowski,
Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252
FU U.S. Army Research Office
FX We are pleased to acknowledge that the funding for the Advanced Concepts
Workshop on Remote Sensing of Precipitation was provided by the U.S.
Army Research Office.
NR 0
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 10
BP 1271
EP 1272
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00116.1
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 848UI
UT WOS:000297080200006
ER
PT J
AU Grumm, RH
AF Grumm, Richard H.
TI The Central European and Russian Heat Event of July-August 2010
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; WAVE; IMPACTS; DROUGHTS
C1 Natl Weather Serv Off, State Coll, PA 16803 USA.
RP Grumm, RH (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv Off, 328 Innovat Blvd,Suite 330, State Coll, PA 16803 USA.
EM richard.grumm@noaa.gov
FU National Weather Service in State College, Pennsylvania
FX The Climate Prediction Center (CPC) is acknowledged for access to images
of eastern European sites. Specifically, David Miskus provided the daily
data for Moscow from 1 July to 28 August 2010 that was used in the
tables to identify the days of most intense heat over Moscow. I am
grateful for the support of John LaCorte of the National Weather Service
in State College, Pennsylvania, who downloaded the Moscow climatic data
and put it into a relation database for generation of records by year
and day.
NR 25
TC 43
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 10
BP 1285
EP 1296
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3174.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 848UI
UT WOS:000297080200010
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, J
Howard, K
Langston, C
Vasiloff, S
Kaney, B
Arthur, A
Van Cooten, S
Kelleher, K
Kitzmiller, D
Ding, F
Seo, DJ
Wells, E
Dempsey, C
AF Zhang, Jian
Howard, Kenneth
Langston, Carrie
Vasiloff, Steve
Kaney, Brian
Arthur, Ami
Van Cooten, Suzanne
Kelleher, Kevin
Kitzmiller, David
Ding, Feng
Seo, Dong-Jun
Wells, Ernie
Dempsey, Chuck
TI NATIONAL MOSAIC AND MULTI-SENSOR QPE (NMQ) SYSTEM Description, Results,
and Future Plans
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME; RADAR REFLECTIVITY; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; VERTICAL
PROFILES; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; WSR-88D; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION;
RANGE
AB The National Mosaic and Multisensor QPE (Quantitative Precipitation Estimation), or "NMQ", system was initially developed from a joint initiative between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Severe Storms Laboratory, the Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Weather Research Program, and the Salt River Project. Further development has continued with additional support from the National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Hydrologic Development, the NWS Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services, and the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan. The objectives of NMQ research and development (R&D) are 1) to develop a hydrometeorological platform for assimilating different observational networks toward creating high spatial and temporal resolution multisensor QPEs for flood warnings and water resource management and 2) to develop a seamless high-resolution national 3D grid of radar reflectivity for severe weather detection, data assimilation, numerical weather prediction model verification, and aviation product development.. Through about ten years of R&D, a real-time NMQ system has been implemented (http://nmq.ou.edu). Since June 2006, the system has been generating high-resolution 3D reflectivity mosaic grids (31 vertical levels) and a suite of severe weather and QPE products in real-time for the conterminous United States at a 1-km horizontal resolution and 2.5 minute update cycle. The experimental products are provided in real-time to end users ranging from government agencies, universities, research institutes, and the private sector and have been utilized in various meteorological, aviation, and hydrological applications. Further, a number of operational QPE products generated from different sensors (radar, gauge, satellite) and by human experts are ingested in the NMQ system and the experimental products are evaluated against the operational products as well as independent gauge observations in real time. The NMQ is a fully automated system. It facilitates systematic evaluations and advances of hydrometeorological sciences and technologies in a real-time environment and serves as a test bed for rapid science-to-operation infusions. This paper describes scientific components of the NMQ system and presents initial evaluation results and future development Plans of the system.
C1 [Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth; Vasiloff, Steve; Van Cooten, Suzanne; Kelleher, Kevin] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Langston, Carrie; Kaney, Brian; Arthur, Ami] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Ding, Feng; Seo, Dong-Jun] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OHD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Wells, Ernie] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, OCWWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Dempsey, Chuck] Salt River Project, Tempe, AZ USA.
RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jian.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015
FU NWS Office of Hydrological Development; NWS Office of Climate, Water,
and Weather Services; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan; NOAA's Advanced
Hydrological Prediction Service (AHPS); NOAA-University of Oklahoma
[NA17RJ1227]
FX The NMQ system was initially developed from a joint initiative between
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Severe
Storms Laboratory, the Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation
Weather Research Program, and the Salt River Project (www.srpnet.com).
Further development has continued with additional support from the NWS
Office of Hydrological Development; the NWS Office of Climate, Water,
and Weather Services; and the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan. Major
funding for this research was provided under NOAA's Advanced
Hydrological Prediction Service (AHPS) program, and partial funding was
provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227.
NR 52
TC 160
Z9 169
U1 4
U2 22
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 10
BP 1321
EP +
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS-D-11-00047.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 848UI
UT WOS:000297080200014
ER
PT J
AU Sandgathe, S
O'Connor, W
Lett, N
McCarren, D
Toepfer, F
AF Sandgathe, S.
O'Connor, W.
Lett, N.
McCarren, D.
Toepfer, F.
TI NATIONAL UNIFIED OPERATIONAL PREDICTION CAPABILITY INITIATIVE
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Sandgathe, S.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[O'Connor, W.] CSSS NET Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Lett, N.] ERT Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[McCarren, D.] USN, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Toepfer, F.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Sandgathe, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640,1013 NE 40th Ave, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM sandgathe@apl.washington.edu
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 10
BP 1347
EP 1351
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3212.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 848UI
UT WOS:000297080200016
ER
PT J
AU Sorooshian, S
AghaKouchak, A
Arkin, P
Eylander, J
Foufoula-Georgiou, E
Harmon, R
Hendrickx, JMH
Imam, B
Kuligowski, R
Skahill, B
Skofronick-Jackson, G
AF Sorooshian, Soroosh
AghaKouchak, Amir
Arkin, Phillip
Eylander, John
Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi
Harmon, Russell
Hendrickx, Jan M. H.
Imam, Bisher
Kuligowski, Robert
Skahill, Brian
Skofronick-Jackson, Gail
TI ADVANCED CONCEPTS ON REMOTE SENSING OF PRECIPITATION AT MULTIPLE SCALES
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; RAINFALL; SYSTEM
C1 [Sorooshian, Soroosh] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Arkin, Phillip] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Eylander, John] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USA.
[Foufoula-Georgiou, Efi] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Harmon, Russell] USA, Res Lab, Durham, NC USA.
[Hendrickx, Jan M. H.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM USA.
[Kuligowski, Robert] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Skahill, Brian] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA.
[Skofronick-Jackson, Gail] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Sorooshian, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM soroosh@uci.edu
RI Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012; sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008;
Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009
OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Kuligowski,
Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252
FU U.S. Army Research Office
FX We are pleased to acknowledge that a major portion of the funding for
this workshop was provided by the U.S. Army Research Office. Our deepest
gratitude goes to Dr. Russell Harmon for his unyielding support
throughout the planning and organization of the workshop. We offer
special thanks to Diane Hohnbaum for organizing and coordinating the
workshop activities. Finally, we are very thankful to CHRS graduate
students Jingjing Li, Rebeka Sultana, Qing Xia, Ali Zahraei, Tsou Chun
Jaw, Nasrin Nasrollahi, and Hamed Ashouri, who offered so generously
their time summarizing group discussions throughout the workshop. The
contents of this article are solely the opinions of the authors and do
not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of
the U.S. Army, NOAA, NASA, or the U.S. government.
NR 13
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 10
BP 1353
EP 1357
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3158.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 848UI
UT WOS:000297080200017
ER
PT J
AU Allendorf, MD
Schwartzberg, A
Stavila, V
Talin, AA
AF Allendorf, Mark D.
Schwartzberg, Adam
Stavila, Vitalie
Talin, A. Alec
TI A Roadmap to Implementing Metal-Organic Frameworks in Electronic
Devices: Challenges and Critical Directions
SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE metal-organic frameworks; self assembly; sensors; supramolecular
chemistry; thin films
ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS;
SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIQUID-PHASE
EPITAXY; BY-STEP ROUTE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CATION-EXCHANGE; THIN-FILMS;
GAS-PHASE
AB Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and related material classes are attracting considerable attention for applications such as gas storage, separations, and catalysis. In contrast, research focused on potential uses in electronic devices is in its infancy. Several sensing concepts in which the tailorable chemistry of MOFs is used to enhance sensitivity or provide chemical specificity have been demonstrated, but in only a few cases are MOFs an integral part of an actual device. The synthesis of a few electrically conducting MOFs and their known structural flexibility suggest that MOF-based electronic devices exploiting these properties could be constructed. It is clear, however, that new fabrication methods are required to take advantage of the unique properties of MOFs and extend their use to the realms of electronic circuitry. In this Concepts article, we describe the basic functional elements needed to fabricate electronic devices and summarize the current state of relevant MOF research, and then review recent work in which MOFs serve as active components in electronic devices. Finally, we propose a high-level roadmap for device-related MOF research, the objective of which is to stimulate thinking within the MOF community concerning the development these materials for applications including sensing, photonics, and microelectronics.
C1 [Allendorf, Mark D.; Schwartzberg, Adam; Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Allendorf, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM mdallen@sandia.gov
RI Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008
OI Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432
FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [074325I-0]; U.S. Dept. of Energy Office
of Proliferation Detection Advanced Materials; Sandia Laboratory; U.S.
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Defense
Threat Reduction Agency under contract 074325I-0; the U.S. Dept. of
Energy Office of Proliferation Detection Advanced Materials Program; and
the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Sandia
National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated
by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 195
TC 179
Z9 179
U1 26
U2 218
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0947-6539
J9 CHEM-EUR J
JI Chem.-Eur. J.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 41
BP 11372
EP 11388
DI 10.1002/chem.201101595
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 847ZF
UT WOS:000297014400001
PM 21932243
ER
PT J
AU Lei, ZQ
Leung, CW
Li, L
Li, GJ
Feng, G
Castillo, A
Chen, PJ
Lai, PT
Pong, PWT
AF Lei, Z. Q.
Leung, C. W.
Li, L.
Li, G. J.
Feng, G.
Castillo, A.
Chen, P. J.
Lai, P. T.
Pong, P. W. T.
TI Detection of Iron-Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Magnetic Tunnel
Junction Sensors With Conetic Alloy
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on International Magnetics (INTERMAG)
CY APR 25-29, 2011
CL Taipei, TAIWAN
SP IEEE Magnet Soc Educ Comm
DE Iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic sensors; magnetic tunnel
junction (MTJ)
ID FIELD; BIOSENSORS; MEDICINE
AB We demonstrated the detection of 20-nm iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using Al2O3 magnetic tunnel junction sensors (MTJs) with Conetic alloy. Conetic alloy Ni77Fe14Cu5Mo4 was deposited as the MTJ free layer and pinned layer due to its magnetically soft properties. The magnetoresistance (MR) curves of MTJs with Conetic alloy showed tunneling magnetoresistance of 8.0% with small hysteresis and high linearity in the sensing region, after applying an external magnetic field of 14 Oe along the hard axis. The sensitivity of the MTJ sensors with Conetic alloy was determined to be 0.3%/Oe within a linear region at room temperature. The MNPs of three different concentrations were successfully detected by the shifts of the MR loops of the MTJs, and it was observed that the resistance deviations of the MTJ sensors increased with the logarithm of MNP concentrations. The maximum resistance deviation was 0.16 Omega for an MNP concentration of 20.0 mg/mL. MTJ sensors, together with MNPs, are a promising platform for future biosensor applications, and this paper shows that Conetic alloy is feasible for improving the performance of this platform.
C1 [Lei, Z. Q.; Li, L.; Li, G. J.; Lai, P. T.; Pong, P. W. T.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Leung, C. W.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Feng, G.; Castillo, A.; Chen, P. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM ppong@eee.hku.hk
RI Feng, Gen/A-4253-2011; Leung, Chi Wah (Dennis)/D-2085-2012; Li,
Guijun/N-6865-2013
OI Feng, Gen/0000-0001-7263-5150; Leung, Chi Wah
(Dennis)/0000-0003-0083-6273; Li, Guijun/0000-0001-6259-3209
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
EI 1941-0069
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 10
BP 2577
EP 2580
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157099
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 840DJ
UT WOS:000296418200063
ER
PT J
AU Liou, SH
Yin, XL
Russek, SE
Heindl, R
Da Silva, FCS
Moreland, J
Pappas, DP
Yuan, L
Shen, J
AF Liou, S. H.
Yin, Xiaolu
Russek, Stephen E.
Heindl, Ranko
Da Silva, F. C. S.
Moreland, John
Pappas, David P.
Yuan, L.
Shen, J.
TI Picotesla Magnetic Sensors for Low-Frequency Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on International Magnetics (INTERMAG)
CY APR 25-29, 2011
CL Taipei, TAIWAN
SP IEEE Magnet Soc Educ Comm
DE Magnetic concentrators; magnetic noise; magnetic sensor; magnetic tunnel
junction (MTJ)
ID DEVICES; DESIGN
AB We demonstrate a simple low-power, magnetic sensor system suitable for high-sensitivity magnetic-field mapping, based on solid-state magnetic tunnel junction devices with minimum detectable fields in a 100 pT range at room temperature. In this paper, we discuss a method that uses multilayer thin films to improve the performance of the soft ferromagnetic layer in magnetoresistive sensor applications, by reducing the coercivity and/or improving the reversibility. We have used it in the design of our new magnetic sensor. This sensor has a sensitivity as high as 750%/mT. The magnetic sensor only dissipates 1 mW of power while operating under an applied voltage of 1 V.
C1 [Liou, S. H.; Yin, Xiaolu] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Liou, S. H.; Yin, Xiaolu] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
[Russek, Stephen E.; Heindl, Ranko; Da Silva, F. C. S.; Moreland, John; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Yuan, L.; Shen, J.] Western Digital Corp, Fremont, CA 94539 USA.
RP Liou, SH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA.
EM sliou@unl.edu
NR 16
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 19
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9464
J9 IEEE T MAGN
JI IEEE Trans. Magn.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 10
BP 3740
EP 3743
DI 10.1109/TMAG.2011.2157997
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 840DJ
UT WOS:000296418200365
ER
PT J
AU Durand, F
Papa, F
Rahman, A
Bala, SK
AF Durand, Fabien
Papa, Fabrice
Rahman, Atiqur
Bala, Sujit Kumar
TI Impact of Ganges-Brahmaputra interannual discharge variations on Bay of
Bengal salinity and temperature during 1992-1999 period
SO JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bay of Bengal; salinity; run-off; Ganges; Brahmaputra; oceanography;
modelling
ID SEA-SURFACE SALINITY; BARRIER-LAYER FORMATION; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE;
NORTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; SUMMER MONSOON; ARABIAN SEA; VARIABILITY;
CIRCULATION; SCALES; MODEL
AB This study investigates the impact of monthly Ganges-Brahmaputra river discharge variations on Bay of Bengal salinity and temperature during the period 1992-1999. The Ganges-Brahmaputra river discharge is characterized by a well-defined seasonal cycle with strong interannual variations. The highest/lowest yearly peak discharge occurs in summer 1998/summer 1992, with 1998 value amounting to twice that of 1992. This river discharge is then used to force an ocean general circulation model. Our main result is that the impact of these rivers on the variability of Bay of Bengal sea surface salinity is strong in the northern part, with excess run-off forcing fresh anomalies, and vice versa. Most of the years, the influence of the interannual variability of river discharge on the Bay salinity does not extend south of similar to 10 degrees N. This stands in contrast with the available observations and is probably linked to the relatively coarse resolution of our model. However, the extreme discharge anomaly of 1998 is exported through the southern boundary of the Bay and penetrates the south-eastern Arabian Sea a few months after the discharge peak. In response to the discharge anomalies, the model simulates significant mixed-layer temperature anomalies in the northern Bay of Bengal. This has the potential to influence the climate of the area. From our conclusions, it appears necessary to use a numerical model with higher resolution (both on the horizontal and vertical) to quantitatively investigate the upper Bay of Bengal salinity structure.
C1 [Durand, Fabien] IRD, LEGOS, Noumea, New Caledonia.
[Papa, Fabrice; Rahman, Atiqur] NOAA CREST, New York, NY USA.
[Papa, Fabrice] IRD, LEGOS, Toulouse, France.
[Bala, Sujit Kumar] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
RP Durand, F (reprint author), IRD, LEGOS, Noumea, New Caledonia.
EM fabien.durand@ird.fr
RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; DURAND, Fabien/G-4229-2016
OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; DURAND, Fabien/0000-0001-9660-1422
FU IRD; CNES; NASA [NNDX7AO90E]
FX This study was funded by IRD, CNES and a NASA's NEWS Grant NNDX7AO90E
managed by Dr Jared K Entin. We are indebted to the people who collected
in situ hydrological observations. The OGCM experiments were carried out
on an IBM P5-575 at CNES-Toulouse, France. Support from this institution
is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Peter Webster, Gael Alory, Gurvan
Madec and William Rossow for their constructive comments. D Shankar and
two anonymous reviewers gave useful advices that helped us improve the
quality of the manuscript.
NR 35
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 17
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0253-4126
EI 0973-774X
J9 J EARTH SYST SCI
JI J. Earth Syst. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 120
IS 5
BP 859
EP 872
PG 14
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 848TV
UT WOS:000297078900007
ER
PT J
AU Jiao, Y
Cortes, E
Andrews, K
Guo, F
AF Jiao, Yan
Cortes, Enric
Andrews, Kate
Guo, Feng
TI Poor-data and data-poor species stock assessment using a Bayesian
hierarchical approach
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian hierarchical model; data-poor assessment; hammerhead shark;
fish complex; population dynamics; small sample size
ID DEVELOPING FISHERIES; POPULATION-MODELS; DEMOGRAPHY; GROWTH;
UNCERTAINTY; SALMON; SHARK; MANAGEMENT; TRENDS
AB Appropriate inference for stocks or species with low-quality data (poor data) or limited data (data poor) is extremely important. Hierarchical Bayesian methods are especially applicable to small-area, small-sample-size estimation problems because they allow poor-data species to borrow strength from species with good-quality data. We used a hammerhead shark complex as an example to investigate the advantages of using hierarchical Bayesian models in assessing the status of poor-data and data-poor exploited species. The hammerhead shark complex (Sphyrna spp.) along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States is composed of three species: the scalloped hammerhead (S. lewini), the great hammerhead (S. mokarran), and the smooth hammerhead (S. zygaena) sharks. The scalloped hammerhead comprises 70-80% of the catch and has catch and relative abundance data of good quality, whereas great and smooth hammerheads have relative abundance indices that are both limited and of low quality presumably because of low stock density and limited sampling. Four hierarchical Bayesian state-space surplus production models were developed to simulate variability in population growth rates, carrying capacity, and catchability of the species. The results from the hierarchical Bayesian models were considerably more robust than those of the nonhierarchical models. The hierarchical Bayesian approach represents an intermediate strategy between traditional models that assume different population parameters for each species and those that assume all species share identical parameters. Use of the hierarchical Bayesian approach is suggested for future hammerhead shark stock assessments and for modeling fish complexes with species-specific data, because the poor-data species can borrow strength from the species with good data, making the estimation more stable and robust.
C1 [Jiao, Yan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Cortes, Enric; Andrews, Kate] Panama City Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Guo, Feng] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Jiao, Y (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM yjiao@vt.edu
RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013
FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service
[0210510]; MARFIN; NOAA
FX The project was supported in part by the USDA Cooperative State
Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch project #0210510, and a
grant from MARFIN, NOAA. We thank J. Carlson, W. Ingram, and C.
McCandless for making hammerhead shark fisheries data accessible.
Special thanks to Milani Chaloupka and one anonymous reviewer, and to
Inyoung Kim in the Department of Statistics at Virginia Tech, who
provided valuable advice on the revision of this paper.
NR 60
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 37
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 7
BP 2691
EP 2708
PG 18
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 836UP
UT WOS:000296139200027
PM 22073653
ER
PT J
AU Wynne, TT
Stumpf, RP
Tomlinson, MC
Schwab, DJ
Watabayashi, GY
Christensen, JD
AF Wynne, Timothy T.
Stumpf, Richard P.
Tomlinson, Michelle C.
Schwab, David J.
Watabayashi, Glen Y.
Christensen, John D.
TI Estimating cyanobacterial bloom transport by coupling remotely sensed
imagery and a hydrodynamic model
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE algal bloom; cyanobacteria; ecological forecasting; Lake Erie, USA;
Laurentian Great Lakes; Microcystis aeruginosa; Microcystis spp.;
modeling; remote sensing; time series
ID KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAKE-ERIE;
MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; TOXIC MICROCYSTIS; GREAT-LAKES; CIRCULATION;
SIMULATION; GROWTH
AB The ability to forecast the transport of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the Laurentian Great Lakes is beneficial to natural resource managers concerned with public health. This manuscript describes a method that improves the prediction of cyanobacterial bloom transport with the use of a preoperational hydrodynamic model and high temporal resolution satellite imagery. Two scenarios were examined from separate cyanobacterial blooms in western Lake Erie, USA. The first scenario modeled bloom position and extent over the span of 13 days. A geographic center, or centroid, was calculated and assigned to the bloom from observed satellite imagery. The bloom centroid was projected forward in time, and the projected position was compared to the final observed bloom centroid. Image pixels flagged as cyanobacterial bloom were compared between the initial image and the final image, and this was assumed as persistence. The second bloom scenario was modeled for a period of 12 days, and the results were framed in an ecological context in an effort to gain further understanding of cyanobacterial bloom dynamics. These modeling techniques can be incorporated into an operational forecasting system.
C1 [Wynne, Timothy T.; Stumpf, Richard P.; Tomlinson, Michelle C.; Christensen, John D.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Watabayashi, Glen Y.] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Timothy.Wynne@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center of Excellence
for Great Lakes and Human Health; National Center for Environmental
Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National
Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I]
FX Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer imagery was provided by the
European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.9975). Funding was
provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center
of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health, the National Center for
Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Applied Science
Program announcement NNH08ZDA001N under contract NNH09AL53I. Lyon
Lanerolle and Greg Lang provided considerable assistance with data
processing, and Caitlin O'Connor provided assistance with GNOME. This is
GLERL contribution number 1583.
NR 43
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U1 1
U2 29
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 7
BP 2709
EP 2721
DI 10.1890/10-1454.1
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 836UP
UT WOS:000296139200028
PM 22073654
ER
PT J
AU Schmeltz, D
Evers, DC
Driscoll, CT
Artz, R
Cohen, M
Gay, D
Haeuber, R
Krabbenhoft, DP
Mason, R
Morris, K
Wiener, JG
AF Schmeltz, David
Evers, David C.
Driscoll, Charles T.
Artz, Richard
Cohen, Mark
Gay, David
Haeuber, Richard
Krabbenhoft, David P.
Mason, Robert
Morris, Kristi
Wiener, James G.
TI MercNet: a national monitoring network to assess responses to changing
mercury emissions in the United States
SO ECOTOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mercury; MercNet; Ecological effects; Mercury regulation; Monitoring
ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; COMMON LOONS;
CONTAMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; HEALTH; FISH
AB A partnership of federal and state agencies, tribes, industry, and scientists from academic research and environmental organizations is establishing a national, policy-relevant mercury monitoring network, called MercNet, to address key questions concerning changes in anthropogenic mercury emissions and deposition, associated linkages to ecosystem effects, and recovery from mercury contamination. This network would quantify mercury in the atmosphere, land, water, and biota in terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems to provide a national scientific capability for evaluating the benefits and effectiveness of emission controls. Program development began with two workshops, convened to establish network goals, to select key indicators for monitoring, to propose a geographic network of monitoring sites, and to design a monitoring plan. MercNet relies strongly on multi-institutional partnerships to secure the capabilities and comprehensive data that are needed to develop, calibrate, and refine predictive mercury models and to guide effective management. Ongoing collaborative efforts include the: (1) development of regional multi-media databases on mercury in the Laurentian Great Lakes, northeastern United States, and eastern Canada; (2) syntheses and reporting of these data for the scientific and policy communities; and (3) evaluation of potential monitoring sites. The MercNet approach could be applied to the development of other monitoring programs, such as emerging efforts to monitor and assess global mercury emission controls.
C1 [Schmeltz, David; Haeuber, Richard] US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Evers, David C.] Biodivers Res Inst, Gorham, ME 04038 USA.
[Driscoll, Charles T.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Artz, Richard; Cohen, Mark] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Gay, David] Illinois State Water Survey, Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Krabbenhoft, David P.] US Geol Survey, Middleton, WI 53562 USA.
[Mason, Robert] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
[Morris, Kristi] Natl Pk Serv, Air Resources Div, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Wiener, James G.] Univ Wisconsin, River Studies Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA.
RP Schmeltz, D (reprint author), US EPA, Clean Air Markets Div, Off Atmospher Programs, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW,MC 6204J, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM schmeltz.david@epa.gov; david.evers@briloon.org; ctdrisco@syr.edu;
richard.artz@noaa.gov; mark.cohen@noaa.gov; dgay@illinois.edu;
haeuber.richard@epa.gov; dpkrabbe@usgs.gov; robert.mason@uconn.edu;
kristi_morris@nps.gov; wiener.jame@uwlax.edu
RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014; Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen,
Mark/P-6936-2015;
OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558;
Driscoll, Charles/0000-0003-2692-2890
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority; Biodiversity Research Institute; U.S. Geological
Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; National Park Service; National Atmospheric Deposition
Program; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency; Cherokee Nation; Florida
Department of Environmental Protection; University of Wisconsin-La
Crosse
FX This work and preparation of this manuscript were supported by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority, the Biodiversity Research Institute, the U.S.
Geological Survey, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Park Service, the
National Atmospheric Deposition Program, the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency, the Cherokee Nation, the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection, and the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. We appreciate the
help of Maureen Hale, Kimberley Driscoll, and Ian Johnson for their
assistance with maps and management of materials. This paper has not
been subjected to U.S. EPA peer and administrative review; therefore,
the conclusions and opinions contained herein are solely those of the
authors, and should not be construed to reflect the views of the U.S.
EPA.
NR 42
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 22
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0963-9292
J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY
JI Ecotoxicology
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 7
SI SI
BP 1713
EP 1725
DI 10.1007/s10646-011-0756-4
PG 13
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 844GR
UT WOS:000296736200022
PM 21901443
ER
PT J
AU King, JK
Blanton, JO
AF King, Jeffrey K.
Blanton, Jackson O.
TI Model for Predicting Effects of Land-Use Changes on the Canal-Mediated
Discharge of Total Suspended Solids into Tidal Creeks and Estuaries
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Land use; Hydrologic models; Water pollution; Water resources; Suspended
solids; GIS
ID NUTRIENTS; LANDSCAPE; SEDIMENTS; QUALITY; METALS
AB The Land Use Input Canal Output Model (LUICOM) was created for the purpose of predicting canal-mediated, total suspended solids (TSS) loading in receiving estuaries. Tidal flushing (related to the tidal prism) within a subject estuary (i.e., Yellow Bluff Creek) was also evaluated. Estimates of flushing times were based on those estimated for Georgia and South Carolina creeks that have better coverage of hypsometric data. Two rain events were sampled for this effort, and TSS concentrations predicted by LUICOM compared favorably with observed values. With subsidence of each rain event, TSS concentrations gradually decreased to baseline concentration in the receiving estuary. Moreover, LUICOM provided a reasonable estimate of the time of peak TSS. The results of this study suggest that TSS measured in the subject canal and creek increase as the result of significant rain events (> 1.0 in. in 3 h). The correlation between model-derived and measured TSS values suggest LUICOM could be used to evaluate changes in a basin's land use as it relates to predicting subsequent increases in TSS discharges. The simplicity of the model makes it an ideal tool for resource managers concerned with changes in land use within coastal areas. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000396. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [King, Jeffrey K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Human Hlth Risk, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[King, Jeffrey K.; Blanton, Jackson O.] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31419 USA.
[King, Jeffrey K.] USA, Corps Engineers, Savannah, GA 31402 USA.
RP King, JK (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Human Hlth Risk, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jeff.king@noaa.gov
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9372
EI 1943-7870
J9 J ENVIRON ENG
JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 10
BP 920
EP 927
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000396
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 841LH
UT WOS:000296513300007
ER
PT J
AU Ameta, G
Rachuri, S
Fiorentini, X
Mani, M
Fenves, SJ
Lyons, KW
Sriram, RD
AF Ameta, Gaurav
Rachuri, Sudarsan
Fiorentini, Xenia
Mani, Mahesh
Fenves, Steven J.
Lyons, Kevin W.
Sriram, Ram D.
TI Extending the notion of quality from physical metrology to information
and sustainability
SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING
LA English
DT Article
DE Quality; Metrology; Sustain ability; Information quality
ID INDEXES; INDICATORS; SYSTEMS
AB In this paper we intend to demonstrate the need for extending the notion of quality from the physical domain to information and, more comprehensively, to sustainability. In physical metrology there are well established principles such as fundamental units, precision, accuracy, traceability and uncertainty. In order to understand and define quality for information and sustainability we need to develop metrological concepts similar to those of physical metrology. Research efforts related to information quality (IQ) are scattered. IQ is primarily defined in terms of several characteristics (dimensions) which lack consensus definitions and are sometimes subjective. However, the notion of IQ is currently in practice and has provided some useful insights towards defining formal approaches to IQ. In order to extend the notion of quality to sustainability we need, as in the case of information, a well defined metrology similar to physical metrology. Sustainability is currently getting attention in many areas of human endeavor. One proposal is to measure sustainability in terms of a triple bottom line, namely social, economical and environmental aspects of human endeavor. Sustainability metrics are continuously evolving and their clear definition is fundamental to the understanding of the notion of sustainability quality. As an example we consider evaluation of carbon footprint, as a metric towards sustainability, for manufacturing a simple turned part. After analyzing the current literature, we identify the following needs for characterizing the notion of sustainability quality: (a) standardized terminology of terms and concepts, (b) metrics and metrology, (c) harmonization and extension of standards, (d) conformance testbeds for standards and (e) development of information models that support sustainability.
C1 [Rachuri, Sudarsan; Fiorentini, Xenia; Mani, Mahesh; Fenves, Steven J.; Lyons, Kevin W.; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Ameta, Gaurav] Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Rachuri, S (reprint author), NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gameta@wsu.edu; sudarsan@cme.nist.gov
RI Ameta, Gaurav/C-6724-2014
NR 50
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0956-5515
J9 J INTELL MANUF
JI J. Intell. Manuf.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 5
SI SI
BP 737
EP 750
DI 10.1007/s10845-009-0333-3
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Manufacturing
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 844GI
UT WOS:000296735300008
ER
PT J
AU Venaille, A
Bouchet, F
AF Venaille, Antoine
Bouchet, Freddy
TI Oceanic Rings and Jets as Statistical Equilibrium States
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; TURBULENCE; MECHANICS; VORTICITY; ENTROPY; EDDIES;
MODELS; CIRCULATION; PREDICTIONS; STABILITY
AB Equilibrium statistical mechanics of two-dimensional flows provides an explanation and a prediction for the self-organization of large-scale coherent structures. This theory is applied in this paper to the description of oceanic rings and jets, in the framework of a 1.5-layer quasigeostrophic model. The theory predicts the spontaneous formation of regions where the potential vorticity is homogenized, with strong and localized jets at their interface. Mesoscale rings are shown to be close to a statistical equilibrium: the theory accounts for their shape, drift, and ubiquity in the ocean, independently of the underlying generation mechanism. At basin scale, inertial states presenting midbasin eastward jets (and then different from the classical Fofonoff solution) are described as marginally unstable states. In that case, considering a purely inertial limit is a first step toward more comprehensive out-of-equilibrium studies that would take into account other essential aspects, such as wind forcing.
C1 [Venaille, Antoine; Bouchet, Freddy] Lab Phys ENS Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France.
[Venaille, Antoine] AOS, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Venaille, A (reprint author), Phys ENS Lyon, 46 Allee Italie, F-69007 Lyon, France.
EM antoine.venaille@ens-lyon.org
FU ANR [ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01, ANR-09-SYSC-014]; DOE [DE-SC0005189]; NOAA
[NA08OAR4320752]
FX It is a pleasure to thank Joel Sommeria for collaboration on statistical
mechanics approach, as well as Stephen Cranes, Isaac Held, and Geoffrey
Vallis for interesting discussions that helped to improve the
manuscript. The authors also warmly thank Nicolas Sauvage for his
preliminary work during a traineeship with FB in 2005. This work was
supported by the ANR program STATFLOW (ANR-06-JCJC-0037-01) and the ANR
program STATOCEAN (ANR-09-SYSC-014). AV was also supported by DOE Grant
DE-SC0005189 and NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320752 during part of this work.
NR 51
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1860
EP 1873
DI 10.1175/2011JPO4583.1
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 845CD
UT WOS:000296799600003
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, GC
AF Johnson, Gregory C.
TI Deep Signatures of Southern Tropical Indian Ocean Annual Rossby Waves
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER
AB The southern tropical Indian Ocean contains a striking forced annual Rossby wave studied previously using satellite altimeter sea surface height data, surface wind fields, expendable bathythermograph ocean temperature data, and models. Here, the deep reach of this wave and its velocity are analyzed using density-depth profiles and 1000-dbar horizontal drift data from Argo. Significant annual cycles in isopycnal vertical displacements and zonal velocity persist to the deepest pressures to which Argo data can be mapped reliably in the region, 1600-1900 dbar. Phase propagation of the annual cycle of the directly measured zonal velocities at 1000 dbar suggests a zonal wavelength of about 6000 km-about the length of the deep basin in which the wave is found-and a westward phase speed of similar to 0.2 m s(-1). Apparent upward phase propagation in isopycnal vertical displacements suggests energy propagation downward into the abyss. This pattern is clearer when accounting for both the potential and kinetic energy of the wave. The largest zonal current associated with this wave has a middepth maximum that decays rapidly up through the pycnocline and less rapidly with increasing depth, suggesting a first-vertical-mode structure. The anomalous zonal volume transport of this annually reversing current is similar to 27 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) across 80 degrees E in mid-November. The peak zonal velocity of 0.06 m s(-1) implies a maximum zonal excursion of about 600 km associated with the wave over an annual cycle.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov
RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
FX Float data used here were collected and made freely available by Argo
(http://www.argo.net/), a program of the Global Ocean Observing System,
and contributing national programs. This study used the data of
YoMaHa'07 (Lebedev et al. 2007), velocities derived from Argo float
trajectories and provided by APDRC/IPRC. Discussions with LuAnne
Thompson, John Lyman, and Dennis Moore were helpful. Comments from Kevin
Speer and one anonymous reviewer also improved the manuscript. The NOAA
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research supported this research.
NR 9
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U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1958
EP 1964
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-029.1
PG 7
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 845CD
UT WOS:000296799600009
ER
PT J
AU James, B
Shay, LK
Halliwell, GR
AF James, Benjamin
Shay, Lynn K.
Halliwell, George R.
TI The Response of Quasigeostrophic Oceanic Vortices to Tropical Cyclone
Forcing
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID AXIALLY-SYMMETRIC HURRICANE; 2-LAYER BAROCLINIC OCEAN; NEAR-INERTIAL
ENERGY; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; NON-LINEAR RESPONSE; GULF-OF-MEXICO;
MOMENTUM TRANSFER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; PROPAGATION
AB The response of quasigeostrophic (QG) oceanic vortices to tropical cyclone (TC) forcing is investigated using an isopycnic ocean model. Idealized oceanic currents and wind fields derived from observational data acquired during Hurricane Katrina are used to initialize this model. It is found that the upwelling response is a function of the curl of wind-driven acceleration of oceanic mixed layer (OML) currents rather than a function of the wind stress curl. Upwelling (downwelling) regimes prevail under the TC's eye as it translates over cyclonic (anticyclonic) QG vortices. OML cooling of similar to 1 degrees C occurs over anticyclones because of the combined effects of downwelling, instantaneous turbulent entrainment over the deep warm water column (weak stratification), and vertical dispersion of near-inertial energy. By contrast, OML cooling of similar to 4 degrees C occurs over cyclones due to the combined effects of upwelling, instantaneous turbulent entrainment over regions of tight vertical thermal gradients (strong stratification), and trapping of near-inertial energy that enhances vertical shear and mixing at the OML base. The rotational rate of the QG vortex affects the dispersion of near-inertial waves. As rotation is increased in both cyclones and anticyclones, the near-inertial response is shifted toward more energetic frequencies that enhance vertical shear and mixing. TC-induced temperature anomalies in QG vortices propagate westward with time, deforming the cold wake. Therefore, to accurately simulate the impact of TC-induced OML cooling and feedback mechanisms on storm intensity, coupled ocean atmosphere TC models must resolve geostrophic ocean eddy location as well as thermal, density, and velocity structures.
C1 [James, Benjamin; Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Halliwell, George R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PhOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP James, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM bjaimes@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011;
OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Jaimes,
Benjamin/0000-0002-5286-0972
FU NSF [ATM-04-44525]; NASA [NNX09AC47G]; NOAA [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA NESDIS;
Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Dynamics of the Loop Current Study
(BOEMRE) [M08PC20052]; CNES
FX The research team gratefully acknowledges support from the NSF
(ATM-04-44525); NASA Hurricane Science Program (NASA Award NNX09AC47G);
NOAA Joint Hurricane Testbed program (NOAA Grant NA17RJ1226); NOAA
NESDIS; and the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) Dynamics of the Loop
Current Study (BOEMRE Contract M08PC20052). The project continues to be
grateful to the NOAA Aircraft Operation Center (Dr. Jim McFadden), which
makes it possible to acquire high quality data during hurricanes through
the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP), and the collaborative
ties with NOAA's Hurricane Research Division directed by Dr. Frank Marks
at AOML and NOAA's Environmental Modeling Center directed by Dr.
Hendrick Tolman at NCEP. Dr. Laurent Cherubin (UM/RSMAS) provided an
early version of the modified MICOM code and insightful discussions on
the analytical model used to initialize model vortices. Dr. Sang-Ki Lee
(NOAA/AOML) kindly facilitated the modified version of the PWP code.
Valuable comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers helped
to clarify and improve this paper. Altimeter products were produced by
Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES
(http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/).
NR 58
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U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 10
BP 1965
EP 1985
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-06.1
PG 21
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 845CD
UT WOS:000296799600010
ER
PT J
AU Mellor, G
AF Mellor, George
TI Comments on "The Depth-Dependent Current and Wave Interaction Equations:
A Revision" Reply
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT
C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Mellor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM glmellor@princeton.edu
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 10
BP 2013
EP 2015
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-11-071.1
PG 3
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 845CD
UT WOS:000296799600014
ER
PT J
AU Yeary, M
Crain, G
Kelley, R
Meier, J
Zhang, Y
Palmer, R
Yu, TY
Zahrai, A
Meier, J
Ivic, I
Curtis, C
Doviak, R
AF Yeary, M.
Crain, G.
Kelley, R.
Meier, J.
Zhang, Y.
Palmer, R.
Yu, T. -Y.
Zahrai, A.
Meier, J.
Ivic, I.
Curtis, C.
Doviak, R.
TI Phased Array Weather/Multipurpose Radar
SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Radio frequency; Radar imaging; Receivers; Atmospheric measurements;
Phased arrays; Radar tracking
ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY
AB The first phased array radar dedicated to weather observation and analysis is now instrumented with eight simultaneous digital receivers. The addition of these additional channels will enable the use of advanced signal processing to improve signal/clutter in an adaptive mode. Elimination of strong point and ground clutter returns from the low-level, volumetrically-dlstributed weather cell returns is a new application of adaptive processing. The NSF funded 8-channel receiver has been added to the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) system in Norman, Oklahoma, to enable operation as a multi-function and/or adaptive processing system. Herein, we describe the system concept, system installation and early results from fielded weather data returns.
C1 [Yeary, M.; Crain, G.; Kelley, R.; Meier, J.; Zhang, Y.; Palmer, R.; Yu, T. -Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Zahrai, A.; Meier, J.; Ivic, I.; Curtis, C.; Doviak, R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0723132]
FX Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science
Foundation's Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program under Grant
ATM-0723132.
NR 14
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U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0885-8985
J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG
JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 10
BP 12
EP 15
DI 10.1109/MAES.2011.6065653
PG 4
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 844EG
UT WOS:000296729900002
ER
PT J
AU Lindfors, AV
Mackenzie, IA
Tett, SFB
Shi, L
AF Lindfors, Anders V.
Mackenzie, Ian A.
Tett, Simon F. B.
Shi, Lei
TI Climatological Diurnal Cycles in Clear-Sky Brightness Temperatures from
the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS)
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; WATER-VAPOR; MOISTURE; NOAA-16; BIASES
AB A climatology of the diurnal cycles of HIRS clear-sky brightness temperatures was developed based on measurements over the period 2002-07. This was done by fitting a Fourier series to monthly gridded brightness temperatures of HIRS channels 1-12. The results show a strong land sea contrast with stronger diurnal cycles over land, and extending from the surface up to HIRS channel 6 or 5, with regional maxima over the subtropics. Over seas, the diurnal cycles are generally small and therefore challenging to detect. A Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis showed that more robust results are reached by aggregating the data zonally before applying the fit. The zonal fits indicate that small diurnal cycles do exist over sea. The results imply that for a long-lived satellite such as NOAA-14, drift in the overpass time can cause a diurnal sampling bias of more than 5 K for channel 8 (surface and lower troposphere).
C1 [Lindfors, Anders V.; Mackenzie, Ian A.; Tett, Simon F. B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Lindfors, Anders V.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Shi, Lei] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Lindfors, AV (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM anders.lindfors@ed.ac.uk
RI Lindfors, Anders/C-6727-2012; Tett, Simon/B-1504-2013; mackenzie,
ian/E-9320-2013
OI Tett, Simon/0000-0001-7526-560X;
FU National Centre for Earth Observation [NE/F001436/1]; Academy of Finland
[133259]
FX We thank the National Centre for Earth Observation for funding (NERC
Grant NE/F001436/1). AVL was partly funded by the Academy of Finland,
decision 133259. Hai-Tien Lee is acknowledged for providing local
equator crossing times and Viju John for sharing initial codes. We made
use of resources of the Edinburgh Compute and Data Facility Eddie. We
thank the anonymous reviewers for their useful comments.
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 10
BP 1199
EP 1205
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00093.1
PG 7
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 843FP
UT WOS:000296658000003
ER
PT J
AU Zou, X
Wang, X
Weng, F
Li, G
AF Zou, X.
Wang, X.
Weng, F.
Li, G.
TI Assessments of Chinese Fengyun Microwave Temperature Sounder (MWTS)
Measurements for Weather and Climate Applications
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MSU; ASSIMILATION; CONSTRUCTION; CALIBRATION
AB After the successful launches of the first two polar-orbiting satellites in a new Fengyun-3 (FY-3) series, FY-3A/B, into a morning- and afternoon-configured orbit in May 2008 and November 2010, respectively, China will launch its next three polar-orbiting satellites before 2020. The Microwave Temperature Sounder (MWTS) on the FY-3A/B satellites has four channels that have the same channel frequency as channels 3, 5, 7, and 9 of Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Thus, the quality of the brightness temperature measurements from the FY-3A MWTS can be assessed using the AMSU-A brightness temperature observations from the NOAA-18 satellite. Overall, MWTS data compare favorably with AMSU-A data in terms of its global bias to NWP simulations. The standard deviations of global MWTS brightness temperatures are slightly larger than those of AMSU-A data. The scan-angle dependence of the brightness temperature bias is found to be symmetric for MWTS channel 3 as well as AMSU-A channel 7, and asymmetric for MWTS channels 2 and 4 and AMSU-A channels 5 and 9; there is a warm (cold) bias located at the beginning (end) of a scan line for all asymmetric channels except for MWTS channel 4. A major difference between the two instruments is that the MWTS biases in channels 3 and 4 are negative in low latitudes and positive in high latitudes, while the AMSU-A biases are negative in all latitudes. A detailed analysis of the data reveals that such a difference is closely related to the difference in the temperature dependence of biases between the two instruments. The AMSU-A biases are independent of the scene temperature, but MWTS biases vary with the earth scene brightness temperature. The root cause of the bias could be a combination of several factors, including solar contamination on its calibration target, detector nonlinearity, and the center frequency drift. This study further demonstrates the utility of a well-calibrated radiometer like AMSU-A for the assessment of a new instrument with NWP fields that are used as inputs to forward radiative transfer simulations.
C1 [Zou, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Zou, X.; Wang, X.; Li, G.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[Weng, F.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
RP Zou, X (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM xzou@fsu.edu
RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; Chinese
Ministry of Finance [GYHY200906006]
FX This work was jointly supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and
Technology Project 2010CB951600, and Chinese Ministry of Finance Project
GYHY200906006. The authors would like to express our sincere thanks to
Dr. Sid Boukabara for his reviews on this manuscript.
NR 22
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U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 10
BP 1206
EP 1227
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00023.1
PG 22
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 843FP
UT WOS:000296658000004
ER
PT J
AU Liang, XM
Ignatov, A
AF Liang, Xingming
Ignatov, Alexander
TI Monitoring of IR Clear-Sky Radiances over Oceans for SST (MICROS)
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; BIAS CORRECTION;
4D-VAR SYSTEM; AVHRR ONBOARD; ASSIMILATION; CALIBRATION; RETRIEVALS;
VALIDATION; SATELLITES
AB Monitoring of IR Clear-Sky Radiances over Oceans for SST (MICROS) is a Web-based tool to monitor "model minus observation" (M 0) biases in clear-sky brightness temperatures (BTs) and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) produced by the Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO). Currently, MICROS monitors M 0 biases in three Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) bands centered at 3.7, 11, and 12 mu m for five satellites, NOAA-16, -17, -18, -19 and Meteorological Operational (MetOp)-A. The fast Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is employed to simulate clear-sky BTs, using Reynolds SST and National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System profiles as input. Simulated BTs are used in ACSPO for improving cloud screening, physical SST inversions, and monitoring and validating satellite BTs. The key MICROS objectives are to fully understand and reconcile CRTM and AVHRR BTs, and to minimize cross-platform biases through improvements to ACSPO algorithms, CRTM and its inputs, satellite radiances, and skin-bulk and diurnal SST modeling.
Initially, MICROS was intended for internal use within the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) SST team for testing and improving ACSPO products. However, it has quickly outgrown this initial objective and is now used by several research and applications groups. In particular, inclusion of double differences in MICROS has contributed to sensor-to-sensor monitoring within the Global Space-Based Intercalibration System, which is customarily performed using the well-established simultaneous nadir overpass technique. Also, CRTM scientists have made a number of critical improvements to CRTM using MICROS results. They now routinely use MICROS to continuously monitor M 0 biases and validate and improve CRTM performance. MICROS is also instrumental in evaluating the accuracy of the first-guess SST and upper-air fields used as input to CRTM. This paper gives examples of these applications and discusses ongoing work and future plans.
C1 [Liang, Xingming] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Liang, Xingming] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospheres, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Liang, XM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, WWB Rm 603,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM xingming.liang@noaa.gov
RI Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010
OI Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509; Ignatov,
Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944
FU GOES-R Program Office; joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program
Office; NESDIS
FX This work is conducted under the Algorithm Working Group funded by the
GOES-R Program Office, NPOESS Ocean Cal/Val project funded by the joint
Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office, and Polar PSDI and Ocean
Remote Sensing Programs funded by NESDIS. CRTM is provided by the NESDIS
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). Thanks to Yury
Kihai for contribution to the ACSPO granule collection, Feng Xu for
helpful suggestions related to Web design, and Boris Petrenko for
providing a high-quality ACSPO clear-sky mask. Thanks also go to Quanhua
Liu, Yong Han, Yong Chen, Paul Van Deist, Fuzhong Weng, Changyong Cao,
Likun Wang, and Nick Nalli of NOAA/NESDIS for helpful discussions.
Thanks to two anonymous reviewers of this paper for constructive
recommendations. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this
report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an
official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 35
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 10
BP 1228
EP 1242
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05023.1
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 843FP
UT WOS:000296658000005
ER
PT J
AU Langford, AO
Senff, CJ
Alvarez, RJ
Banta, RM
Hardesty, RM
Parrish, DD
Ryerson, TB
AF Langford, A. O.
Senff, C. J.
Alvarez, R. J., II
Banta, R. M.
Hardesty, R. M.
Parrish, D. D.
Ryerson, T. B.
TI Comparison between the TOPAZ Airborne Ozone Lidar and In Situ
Measurements during TexAQS 2006
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POWER-PLANT PLUMES; 1995 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; SYSTEM; PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; PROFILES; HOUSTON
AB The NOAA airborne ozone lidar system [Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and Ozone (TOPAZ)] is compared with the fast-response chemiluminescence sensor flown aboard the NOAA WP-3D during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS). TOPAZ measurements made from the NOAA Twin Otter, flying at an altitude of similar to 3300 m MSL in the Houston, Texas, area on 31 August, and the Dallas, Texas, area on 13 September, show that the overall uncertainty in the 10-s (similar to 600-m horizontal resolution) TOPAZ profiles is dominated by statistical uncertainties (1 sigma) of similar to 8 ppbv (6%-10%) at ranges of similar to 2300 m from the aircraft (similar to 1000 m MSL), and similar to 11-27 ppbv (12%-30%) at ranges of similar to 2800 m (similar to 500 m MSL). These uncertainties are substantially reduced by spatial averaging, and the averages of 11 profiles (of 110 s or 6.6-km horizontal resolution) at similar to 1000 m MSL are in excellent agreement (+/- 2%) with the in situ measurements at similar to 500 m MSL. The TOPAZ measurements at lower altitudes on 31 August exhibit a negative bias of up to similar to 15%, however, when the lidar signals were strongly attenuated by very high ozone levels in the plume from the Houston Ship Channel. This bias appears to result from nonlinear behavior in the TOPAZ signal amplifiers, which is described in the companion paper by Alvarez et al. An empirical correction is presented.
C1 [Langford, A. O.; Senff, C. J.; Alvarez, R. J., II; Banta, R. M.; Hardesty, R. M.; Parrish, D. D.; Ryerson, T. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Senff, C. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Langford, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM andrew.o.langford@noaa.gov
RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Ryerson,
Tom/C-9611-2009; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff,
Christoph/I-2592-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta,
Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Parrish,
David/0000-0001-6312-2724;
FU NOAA; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality [582-8-86246]; NOAA Twin
Otter and WP-3D
FX The authors thank Alan Brewer, Scott Sandberg, Richard Marchbanks,
Brandi McCarty, Ann Weickmann, and Lisa Darby for their help with the
TOPAZ instrumentation and data analysis during the TexAQS 2006
experiment. The authors would also like to acknowledge support from the
NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program, the Texas Commission on
Environmental Quality (under Grant 582-8-86246), and the officers and
crew of the NOAA Twin Otter and WP-3D.
NR 36
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Z9 8
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 10
BP 1243
EP 1257
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05043.1
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 843FP
UT WOS:000296658000006
ER
PT J
AU Alvarez, RJ
Senff, CJ
Langford, AO
Weickmann, AM
Law, DC
Machol, JL
Merritt, DA
Marchbanks, RD
Sandberg, SP
Brewer, WA
Hardesty, RM
Banta, RM
AF Alvarez, R. J., II
Senff, C. J.
Langford, A. O.
Weickmann, A. M.
Law, D. C.
Machol, J. L.
Merritt, D. A.
Marchbanks, R. D.
Sandberg, S. P.
Brewer, W. A.
Hardesty, R. M.
Banta, R. M.
TI Development and Application of a Compact, Tunable, Solid-State Airborne
Ozone Lidar System for Boundary Layer Profiling
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; DIFFERENTIAL-ABSORPTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE;
DIAL MEASUREMENTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; NM REGION; AEROSOL;
PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; O-3; SO2
AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division (NOAA/ESRL/CSD) has developed a versatile, airborne lidar system for measuring ozone and aerosols in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere. The Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and Ozone (TOPAZ) lidar was deployed aboard a NOAA Twin Otter aircraft during the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS 2006) and the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex 2010) field campaigns. TOPAZ is capable of measuring ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere with uncertainties of several parts per billion by volume at 90-m vertical and 600-m horizontal resolution from an aircraft flying at 60 m s(-1). The system also provides uncalibrated aerosol backscatter profiles at 18-m vertical and 600-m horizontal resolution. TOPAZ incorporates state-of-the-art technologies, including a cerium-doped lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (Ce:LiCAF) laser, to make it compact and lightweight with low power consumption. The tunable, three-wavelength UV laser source makes it possible to optimize the wavelengths for differing atmospheric conditions, reduce the interference from other atmospheric constituents, and implement advanced analysis techniques. This paper describes the TOPAZ lidar, its components and performance during testing and field operation, and the data analysis procedure, including a discussion of error sources. The performance characteristics are illustrated through a comparison between TOPAZ and an ozonesonde launched during the TexAQS 2006 field campaign. A more comprehensive set of comparisons with in situ measurements during TexAQS 2006 and an assessment of the TOPAZ accuracy and precision are presented in a companion paper.
C1 [Alvarez, R. J., II; Senff, C. J.; Langford, A. O.; Weickmann, A. M.; Law, D. C.; Machol, J. L.; Merritt, D. A.; Marchbanks, R. D.; Sandberg, S. P.; Brewer, W. A.; Hardesty, R. M.; Banta, R. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Senff, C. J.; Weickmann, A. M.; Machol, J. L.; Marchbanks, R. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Alvarez, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway,R CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM raul.alvarez@noaa.gov
RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Weickmann, Ann/I-4445-2013; Marchbanks,
Richard/I-4410-2013; Law, Daniel/I-4843-2013; Sandberg,
Scott/I-4875-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Langford,
Andrew/D-2323-2009; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff,
Christoph/I-2592-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Machol,
Janet/D-5896-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314;
FU NOAA; Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) [582-8-86246];
TCEQ; NASA Office of Earth Science
FX The authors thank Brandi McCarty, Lisa Darby, and Joanne George for
their help with TOPAZ data analysis, and Gary Morris (Valparaiso
University), Barry Lefer, Bernhard Rappenglueck, S. Boudreaux, B. Day,
and L. Pedemonte (University of Houston) for providing the TexAQS 2006
ozonesonde data. We would also like to thank the crews of the NOAA Twin
Otter and the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center (AOC). The authors would
also like to acknowledge support for TOPAZ from the NOAA Health of the
Atmosphere Program and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
(TCEQ) (under Grant 582-8-86246), as well as for support of the
ozonesonde launches from TCEQ and the NASA Office of Earth Science.
Reference to specific companies, trademarks, or proprietary products in
this document is provided for information purposes only and does not
constitute or imply endorsement by the authors, the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Government.
NR 53
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 10
BP 1258
EP 1272
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05044.1
PG 15
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 843FP
UT WOS:000296658000007
ER
PT J
AU Melnikov, VM
Doviak, RJ
Zrnic, DS
Stensrud, DJ
AF Melnikov, Valery M.
Doviak, Richard J.
Zrnic, Dusan S.
Stensrud, David. J.
TI Mapping Bragg Scatter with a Polarimetric WSR-88D
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADAR REFRACTIVITY RETRIEVALS; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLEAR-AIR;
ENSEMBLE FORECASTS; MOISTURE; VARIABILITY; INITIATION; TURBULENCE;
VARIABLES; PROFILERS
AB Using a polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar to distinguish Bragg scatterers from insects and birds in an optically clear atmosphere has the potential to provide information on convective boundary layer depth. Measured median differential reflectivities Z(DR) of Bragg scatterers lie between -0.08 and 0.06 dB, which supports the hypothesis that the intrinsic Z(DR) of Bragg scatters is 0 dB. Thus, the intrinsic 0 dB of Bragg scatter can be used for verifying of Z(DR) radar calibration. Measured copolar correlation coefficients rho(hv) have distributions peaked at about 0.998-1.0. If insects and birds are spatially separated from Bragg scatterers, the dual-polarization capability of the WSR-88D allows distinguishing echoes from these two types of scatterers since Z(DR) from biota is significantly larger than 0 dB. In mixtures of Bragg and biota scatter, polarimetric spectral analysis shows differences in portions of the H and V spectra where birds and insects could be contaminating echoes from Bragg scatterers.
The values of Z(DR) approximate to 0 and rho(hv) approximate to 1 that characterize Bragg scatterers allow coherent summation of signals from the H and V receiver channels and restoration of measurement capability lost as a result of splitting power into H and V channels. Further enhancements to data collection and signal processing allow power measurement, with a standard deviation of about 1 dB, of weak echoes from Bragg scatterers having equivalent reflectivity factors of about -28 dBZ at distance of 10 km from the radar. This level of reflectivity corresponds to a refractive index structure parameter C-n(2) of about 4 X 10(-15) m(-2/3), a typical magnitude found in maritime air.
C1 [Melnikov, Valery M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Stensrud, David. J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]
FX We thank Dr. R. Rabin for the discussion on the topics and Dr. D. van de
Kamp for his comments on wind profiler's operations. Funding for this
study was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement
NA17RJ1227 (U.S. Department of Commerce).
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 10
BP 1273
EP 1285
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05048.1
PG 13
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 843FP
UT WOS:000296658000008
ER
PT J
AU Zook, JM
Rastogi, V
MacCuspie, RI
Keene, AM
Fagan, J
AF Zook, Justin M.
Rastogi, Vinayak
MacCuspie, Robert I.
Keene, Athena M.
Fagan, Jeffrey
TI Measuring Agglomerate Size Distribution and Dependence of Localized
Surface Plasmon Resonance Absorbance on Gold Nanoparticle Agglomerate
Size Using Analytical Ultracentrifugation
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE gold colloid; aggregate; analytical ultracentrifugation; nanoparticle
toxicity; biosensors
ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EQUATION; DNA
AB Agglomeration of nanopartides daring measurements In relevant biological and environmental media is a frequent problem in nanomaterial property characterization. The primary problem is typically that any changes to the size distribution on dramatically affect the potential nanotoxicity or other size-determined properties, such as the absorbance signal in a biosensor measurement Herein we demonstrate analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as a powerful method for measuring two critical characteristics of nanoparticle (NP) agglomerates In situ in biological media: the NP agglomerate size distribution, and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorbance spectrum of precise sizes of gold NP agglomerates. To characterize the size distribution, we present a theoretical framework for calculating the hydrodynamic diameter distribution of NP agglomerates from their sedimentation coefficient distribution. We measure sedimentation rates for monomers, rimers, and trimers, as well as for larger agglomerates with up to 600 NPs. The AUC size distributions were found generally to be broader than the size distributions estimated from dynamic light scattering and diffusion-limited colloidal aggregation theory, an alternative bulk measurement method that relies on seven! assumptions. In addition, the measured sedimentation coefficients can be used in nanotoxicity studies to predict how quickly the agglomerates sediment out of solution under normal gravitational forces, such as In the environment We also calculate the absorbance spectra for monomer, dimer, timer, and larger gold NP agglomerates up to 600 NPs, to enable a better understanding of LSPR biosensors. Finally, we validate a new method that uses these spectra to deconvolute the net absorbance spectrum of an unknown bulk sample and approximate the proportions of monomers, dimers, and trimers In a polydisperse sample of small agglomerates, so that every sample does not need to be measured by AUC. These results demonstrate the potential utility of AUC to characterize NP agglomeration and sedimentation for nanotoxicity and biosensor studies, as well as to characterize NP agglomerate size and absorbance to improve LSPR and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based biosensors.
C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Rastogi, Vinayak; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Fagan, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Keene, Athena M.] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Zook, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jzook@nist.gov
RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008;
OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499;
Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554
FU National Research Council at NIST; Center for Drug Evaluation and
Research
FX J.Z. acknowledges support from a National Research Council postdoctoral
fellowship at NIST. Also, this project was supported In part by an
appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Center for Drug
Evaluation and Research administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for
Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S.
Department of Energy and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The
findings and conclusions in this article have not been formally
disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be
construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. The mention
of commercial products, their sources, or their use in connection with
material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or
implied endorsement of such products by the Department of Health and
Human Services.
NR 27
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 9
U2 74
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 10
BP 8070
EP 8079
DI 10.1021/nn202645b
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 837MU
UT WOS:000296208700059
PM 21888410
ER
PT J
AU Hammond, MR
Kline, RJ
Herzing, AA
Richter, LJ
Germack, DS
Ro, HW
Soles, CL
Fischer, DA
Xu, T
Yu, LP
Toney, MF
DeLongchamp, DM
AF Hammond, Matthew R.
Kline, R. Joseph
Herzing, Andrew A.
Richter, Lee J.
Germack, David S.
Ro, Hyun-Wook
Soles, Christopher L.
Fischer, Daniel A.
Xu, Tao
Yu, Luping
Toney, Michael F.
DeLongchamp, Dean M.
TI Molecular Order in High-Efficiency Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction
Solar Cells
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE organic photovoltaics; bulk heterojunction; crystallinity; orientation;
polymers
ID LOW-BANDGAP POLYMER; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS;
CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CARRIER MOBILITY; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; BLENDS;
COPOLYMER; DEVICES
AB We report quantitative measurements of ordering, molecular orientation, and nanoscale morphology in the active layer of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic cells based on a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene copolymer (PTB7), which has been shown to yield very high power conversion efficiency when blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). A surprisingly low degree of order was found in the polymer-far lower in the bulk heterojunction than in pure PTB7. X-ray diffraction data yielded a nearly full orientation distribution for the polymer pi-stacking direction within well-ordered regions, revealing a moderate preference for pi-stacking in the vertical direction ("face-on"). By combining molecular orientation Information from polarizing absorption spectroscopies with the orientation distribution of ordered material from diffraction, we propose a model describing the PTB7 molecular orientation distribution (ordered and disordered), with the fraction of ordered polymer as a model parameter. This model shows that only a small fraction (approximate to 20%) of the polymer in the PTB7/PC71BM blend is ordered. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy shows that the morphology of PTB7/PC71BM is composed of nanoscale fullerene-rich aggregates separated by polymer-rich regions. The addition of dliodooctane (DIO) to the casting solvent, as a processing additive, results in smaller domains and a more finely interpenetrating BHJ morphology, relative to blend films cast without DIO.
C1 [Xu, Tao; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Xu, Tao; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, James Frank Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Hammond, Matthew R.; Kline, R. Joseph; Herzing, Andrew A.; Richter, Lee J.; Germack, David S.; Ro, Hyun-Wook; Soles, Christopher L.; Fischer, Daniel A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Yu, LP (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM lupingyu@uchicago.edu; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov
RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Richter,
Lee/N-7730-2016
OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724
FU National Research Council; NSF; University of Chicago; NSF-MRSEC; AFOSR;
DOE
FX M.R.H. thanks the National Research Council's Research Associateship
Programs at NIST for financial support. L.P.Y. acknowledges Financial
supports from NSF, University of Chicago, NSF-MRSEC, AFOSR, and DOE.
Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron
Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford
University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences.
NR 46
TC 148
Z9 149
U1 10
U2 249
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 10
BP 8248
EP 8257
DI 10.1021/nn202951e
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 837MU
UT WOS:000296208700079
PM 21939254
ER
PT J
AU Khripin, CY
Arnold-Medabalimi, N
Zheng, M
AF Khripin, Constantine Y.
Arnold-Medabalimi, Nicholas
Zheng, Ming
TI Molecular-Crowding-Induced Clustering of DNA-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes
for Facile Length Fractionation
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon nanotube; DNA; molecular crowding; depletion forces;
self-assembly
ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; PROTEIN PRECIPITATION;
PHASE-SEPARATION; SIZE SEPARATION; DRUG-DELIVERY; CHROMATOGRAPHY;
RECOGNITION; MIXTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
AB Emerging applications require single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of well-defined length. Yet the use of length-defined SWCNTs is limited, in part due to the lack of an easily accessible materials preparation method. Here, we present a new strategy for SWCNT length fractionation based on molecular crowding induced cluster formation. We show that the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a crowding agent into DNA-wrapped SWCNT dispersion leads to the formation of reversible, nematic, and rodlike microdusters, which can be collected by gentle centrifugation. Since shorter SWCNTs form dusters at higher polyethylene glycol concentration, gradual Increase in PEG concentration results in length fractionated SWCNTs. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) we show that fractions with average lengths of 60-500 nm and standard deviations of 30-40% can be obtained. The concept of molecular-crowding-based fractionation should be applicable to other nanoparticle dispersions.
C1 [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Arnold-Medabalimi, Nicholas; Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zheng, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ming.zheng@nist.gov
NR 55
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 41
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 10
BP 8258
EP 8266
DI 10.1021/nn2029549
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 837MU
UT WOS:000296208700080
PM 21894943
ER
PT J
AU Nallapareddy, A
Shapiro, A
Gourley, JJ
AF Nallapareddy, Anita
Shapiro, Alan
Gourley, Jonathan J.
TI A Climatology of Nocturnal Warming Events Associated with Cold-Frontal
Passages in Oklahoma
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESONET; MICRONET
AB A sudden increase in temperature during the nighttime hours accompanies the passages of some cold fronts. In some cold front associated warming events, the temperature can rise by as much as 10 C and can last from a few minutes to several hours. Previous studies suggest that these events are due to the downward transport of warmer air by the strong and gusty winds associated with the cold-frontal passages. In this study, a climatology of nocturnal warming events associated with cold fronts was created using 6 yr of Oklahoma Mesonetwork (Mesonet) data from 2003 to 2008. Nocturnal warming events associated with cold-frontal passages occurred surprisingly frequently across Oklahoma. Of the cold fronts observed in this study, 91.5% produced at least one warming event at an Oklahoma Mesonet station. The winter months accounted for the most events (37.9%), and the summer months accounted for the fewest (3.8%). When normalized by the monthly number of cold-frontal passages, the winter months still had the most number of warming events. The number of warming events increased rapidly from 2300 to 0200 UTC; thereafter, the number of events gradually decreased. A spatial analysis revealed that the frequency of warming events decreased markedly from west to east across the state. In contrast, the average magnitude of the warming increased from west to east. In contrast to control periods (associated with cold-frontal passages without nocturnal warming events), warming events were associated with weaker initial winds and stronger initial temperature inversions. Moreover, the nocturnal temperature inversion weakened more during warming events than during control periods and the surface wind speeds increased more during warming events than during control periods. These results are consistent with previous studies that suggest the warming events are due to the "mixing out" of the nocturnal temperature inversion.
C1 [Nallapareddy, Anita; Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Shapiro, Alan] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Shapiro, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Room 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM ashapiro@ou.edu
RI Shapiro, Alan/G-6116-2011; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU Oklahoma taxpayers
FX Oklahoma Mesonet data are provided courtesy of the Oklahoma Mesonet, a
cooperative venture between the University of Oklahoma (OU) and Oklahoma
State University supported by Oklahoma taxpayers. We are also grateful
to Fred Carr (OU School of Meteorology), Chris Fiebrich (Oklahoma
Climatological Survey), and Mike Hansen (Campbell Scientific) for their
comments and advice.
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 10
BP 2042
EP 2061
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-020.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 838CK
UT WOS:000296264100005
ER
PT J
AU Protat, A
Williams, CR
AF Protat, Alain
Williams, Christopher R.
TI The Accuracy of Radar Estimates of Ice Terminal Fall Speed from
Vertically Pointing Doppler Radar Measurements
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL SQUALL LINE; WIND PROFILER; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES;
PRECIPITATING CLOUD; PART I; VELOCITIES; CLIMATE; SCHEME; ATMOSPHERE;
SYSTEMS
AB Doppler radar measurements at different frequencies (50 and 2835 MHz) are used to characterize the terminal fall speed of hydrometeors and the vertical air motion in tropical ice clouds and to evaluate statistical methods for retrieving these two parameters using a single vertically pointing cloud radar. For the observed vertical air motions, it is found that the mean vertical air velocity in ice clouds is small on average, as is assumed in terminal fall speed retrieval methods. The mean vertical air motions are slightly negative (downdraft) between the melting layer (5-km height) and 6.3-km height, and positive (updraft) above this altitude, with two peaks of 6 and 7 cm s(-1) at 7.7- and 9.7-km height. For the retrieved hydrometeor terminal fall speeds, it is found that the variability of terminal fall speeds within narrow reflectivity ranges is typically within the acceptable uncertainties for using terminal fall speeds in ice cloud microphysical retrievals. This study also evaluates the performance of previously published statistical methods of separating terminal fall speed and vertical air velocity from vertically pointing Doppler radar measurements using the 50-/2835-MHz radar retrievals as a reference. It is found that the variability of the terminal fall speed-radar reflectivity relationship (V(t)-Z(e)) is large in ice clouds and cannot be parameterized accurately with a single relationship. A well-defined linear relationship is found between the two coefficients of a power-law V(t)-Z(e) relationship, but a more accurate microphysical retrieval is obtained using Doppler velocity measurements to better constrain the V(t)-Z(e), relationship for each cloud. When comparing the different statistical methods to the reference, the distribution of terminal fall speed residual is wide, with most residuals being in the +/- 30-40 cm s(-1) range about the mean. The typical mean residual ranged from 15 to 20 cm s(-1), with different methods having mean residuals of <10 cm s(-1) at some heights, but not at the same heights for all methods. The so-called V(t)-Z(e) technique was the most accurate above 9-km height, and the running-mean technique outperformed the other techniques below 9-km height. Sensitivity tests of the running-mean technique indicate that the 20-min average is the best trade-off for the type of ice clouds considered in this analysis. A new technique is proposed that incorporates simple averages of Doppler velocity for each (Z(e), H) couple in a given cloud. This technique, referred to as DOP-Z(e)-H, was found to outperform the three other methods at most heights, with a mean terminal fall residual of <10 cm s(-1) at all heights. This error magnitude is compatible with the use of such retrieved terminal fall speeds for the retrieval of microphysical properties.
C1 [Protat, Alain] Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Lab Atmosphere, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.
[Protat, Alain] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
[Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Protat, A (reprint author), Observat Spatiales LATMOS, Lab Atmosphere, 11 Blvd Alembert, F-78280 Guyancourt, France.
EM alain.protat@latmos.ispl.fr
RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015
OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850
FU U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work has been partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. Thanks are given to Min Deng
from University of Wyoming who helped us to derive terminal fall
speed-reflectivity relationships for the five possible particle habits
in her algorithm.
NR 48
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 10
BP 2120
EP 2138
DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-10-05031.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 838CK
UT WOS:000296264100010
ER
PT J
AU Knaff, JA
DeMaria, M
Molenar, DA
Sampson, CR
Seybold, MG
AF Knaff, John A.
DeMaria, Mark
Molenar, Debra A.
Sampson, Charles R.
Seybold, Matthew G.
TI An Automated, Objective, Multiple-Satellite-Platform Tropical Cyclone
Surface Wind Analysis
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; TROPOSPHERIC WINDS;
KINETIC-ENERGY; HURRICANES; INTENSITY; TRACK; AIRCRAFT; SYSTEM
AB A method to estimate objectively the surface wind fields associated with tropical cyclones using only data from multiple satellite platforms and satellite-based wind retrieval techniques is described. The analyses are computed on a polar grid using a variational data-fitting method that allows for the application of variable data weights to input data. The combination of gross quality control and the weighted variational analysis also produces wind estimates that have generally smaller errors than do the raw input data. The resulting surface winds compare well to the NOAA Hurricane Research Division H*Wind aircraft reconnaissance based surface wind analyses, and operationally important wind radii estimated from these wind fields are shown to be generally more accurate than those based on climatological data. Most important, the analysis system produces global tropical cyclone surface wind analyses and related products every 6 h-without aircraft reconnaissance data. Also, the analysis and products are available in time for consideration by forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, and the National Hurricane Center in preparing their forecasts and advisories. This Multiplatform Tropical Cyclone Surface Wind Analysis (MTCSWA) product is slated to become an operationally supported product at the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). The input data, analysis method, products, and verification statistics associated with the MTCSWA are discussed within.
C1 [Knaff, John A.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA,Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Seybold, Matthew G.] NOAA, NESDIS Prod Implementat Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA,Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM john.knaff@noaa.gov
RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Molenar, Debra/F-5615-2010; Knaff, John
/F-5599-2010
OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409
FU NOAA [NA17RJ1228]; GOES Improved Measurements and Products Assurance
Plan (GIMPAP); GOES Product Services Development and Improvement (PSDI)
program
FX This project is supported by NOAA Grant NA17RJ1228 with funding from the
GOES Improved Measurements and Products Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) and GOES
Product Services Development and Improvement (PSDI) program. The fourth
author thanks NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP),
which funded his efforts. The authors also thank the NOAA Hurricane
Research Division of AOML (and Dr. Mark Powell and Shirley Murillo) for
maintaining and sharing H*Wind analyses of past TCs and thank Hongming
Qi (NESDIS) and Paul McCrone (U.S. Navy) for providing details
concerning the filtering associated with cloud drift and water vapor
winds. The authors also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their
constructive and insightful comments, which in our opinion made the
paper a much stronger contribution. The views, opinions, and findings
contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be
construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
or U.S. government position, policy, or decision.
NR 38
TC 31
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 10
BP 2149
EP 2166
DI 10.1175/2011JAMC2673.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 838CK
UT WOS:000296264100012
ER
PT J
AU Hoover, AS
Hoteling, N
Rabin, MW
Ullom, JN
Bennett, DA
Karpius, PJ
Vo, DT
Doriese, WB
Hilton, GC
Horansky, RD
Irwin, KD
Kotsubo, V
Lee, DW
Vale, LR
AF Hoover, A. S.
Hoteling, N.
Rabin, M. W.
Ullom, J. N.
Bennett, D. A.
Karpius, P. J.
Vo, D. T.
Doriese, W. B.
Hilton, G. C.
Horansky, R. D.
Irwin, K. D.
Kotsubo, V.
Lee, D. W.
Vale, L. R.
TI Large microcalorimeter arrays for high-resolution X- and gamma-ray
spectroscopy
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Microcalorimeter; Gamma-ray; High-resolution; Spectroscopy
AB Microcalorimeter detectors provide unprecedented energy resolution for the measurement of X-rays and soft gamma-rays. Energy resolution in the 100 keV region can be up to an order of magnitude better than planar high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. The technology is well-suited to analysis of materials with complex spectra presenting closely spaced photopeaks. One application area is the measurement and assay of nuclear materials for safeguards and fuel cycle applications. In this paper, we discuss the operation and performance of a 256-pixel array, and present results of a head-to-head comparison of isotopic determination measurements with high-purity germanium using a plutonium standard. We show that the uncertainty of a single measurement is smaller for the microcalorimeter data compared to the HPGe data when photopeak areas are equal. We identify several key areas where analysis codes can be optimized that will likely lead to improvement in the microcalorimeter performance. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hoover, A. S.; Hoteling, N.; Rabin, M. W.; Karpius, P. J.; Vo, D. T.; Lee, D. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Kotsubo, V.; Vale, L. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM ahoover@lanl.gov
RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012; Lee, Dongwon/F-8675-2012
OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Lee, Dongwon/0000-0003-3133-5199
NR 7
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 652
IS 1
BP 302
EP 305
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.154
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 831XS
UT WOS:000295765000075
ER
PT J
AU Gentile, TR
Bass, CD
Nico, JS
Breuer, H
Farrell, R
AF Gentile, T. R.
Bass, C. D.
Nico, J. S.
Breuer, H.
Farrell, R.
TI Magnetic field effects on large area avalanche photodiodes at cryogenic
temperatures
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE APD; Avalanche photodiode; Magnetic field; X-ray
ID PHOTON DETECTION; NEUTRON
AB We present results for detection of X-rays by large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in strong magnetic fields and at cryogenic temperatures. Whereas at room temperature we observe essentially no effects on the response, at cryogenic temperature we observe significant distortion when the magnetic field is in the plane of the APD surface (and thus perpendicular to the electric field in the APD). At all temperatures, effects are minor when the magnetic field is normal to the APD surface (and thus parallel to the electric field in the APD). We performed measurements of the response of an APD to illumination by X-rays in fields between 0 and 4.6T, for temperatures between 77 and 250 K. Measurements were performed using Am-241 and Fe-55 sources, and 1.5 keV X-rays produced by aluminum fluorescence. The data indicate that the effects are associated with those X-rays that are absorbed in the drift region of the APD. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gentile, T. R.; Bass, C. D.; Nico, J. S.; Breuer, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Breuer, H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Farrell, R.] RMD Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA.
RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.gentile@nist.gov
FU Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics; National Science
Foundation
FX We acknowledge support from the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear
Physics, and the National Science Foundation. We thank the Sample
Environment group at the NIST Center for Neutron Research for use of the
magnet and cryostat for these studies and assistance with their
operation.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 652
IS 1
BP 520
EP 523
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.061
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 831XS
UT WOS:000295765000126
ER
PT J
AU Volkovitsky, P
AF Volkovitsky, Peter
TI Bi-207 characterization by gamma-gamma coincident detection
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Bi-207 decay; Source activity; Direct measurements; Coincidence
gamma-rays; Anti-coincidence events
ID STANDARDIZATION; I-125; I125
AB A two-dimensional analysis of gamma rays emitted in coincidence in Bi-207 decay and detected by two Nal(Tl) scintillation detectors allows a direct measurement of the source activity. A modification of Eldridge-Crowther formulas, derived originally for I-125, was made recently for the case of two coincidence gamma-rays in Co-60 decay (P. Volkovitsky and P. Naudus (2009) [10]) and for the Ag-108(m) decay with three coincidence gamma-rays (P. Volkovitsky (2010) [14]). A similar approach is applied to a more complicated decay scheme with two decay modes with coincidence gamma rays in the Bi-207 decay. The large number of experimental quantities, measured both in coincidence and anti-coincidence modes, allows determination of both detector efficiencies for gamma rays together with the source activity. Results are compared with measurements of the source activities performed with HPGe detectors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Volkovitsky, P (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM peter.volkovitsky@nist.gov
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 652
IS 1
BP 661
EP 664
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.004
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 831XS
UT WOS:000295765000159
ER
PT J
AU Chen-Mayer, HH
Tosh, RE
AF Chen-Mayer, H. H.
Tosh, R. E.
TI Measuring the Gy:preventing convection in water calorimetry using a low
duty cycle modulated beam
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE System transfer function; Frequency response; Radiation dosimetry; Heat
transfer correction; Conduction and convection
AB The most fundamental method for determining the absorbed dose to water by radiation beams is by measuring the consequent temperature increase of the water. Water calorimeters used for this purpose are not irradiated uniformly; thus spatial dose gradients within the calorimeter give rise to significant heat transport effects that interfere with the measurement of the small temperature rise associated with radiotherapy doses (e.g. 240 mu K/Gy at a typical dose rate of 1 Gy/min). When subjected to periodic exposure to radiation, the calorimeter response (registered as temperature at a point in the water) reaches steady-state oscillation in which effects due to heat conduction and convection may be studied as a function of modulation frequency, so that appropriate correction factors can be derived for desired operating conditions. Theoretical treatment of the behavior is greatly simplified if experimental conditions can be arranged so that convection is negligible. While this is usually done by refrigerating the calorimeter to 4 degrees C, where the thermal expansion coefficient of water is zero (thus, buoyancy forces due to density fluctuations effectively vanish), we present evidence suggesting that such conditions can be achieved at room temperature by reducing the duty cycle, or effective "on" time of the radiation at a given shutter frequency. Results are presented here in the form of system transfer functions obtained under conditions of 50 and 3.5% duty cycle. Comparison of these measured transfer functions with the output of a three dimensional finite element model indicates that convection is greatly suppressed in the lower duty cycle case. Experimental uncertainty in these measurements is too large to conclude that convection is eliminated altogether, but more extended runs using this technique should enable a more definitive judgment as to whether the simpler conduction corrections alone can be applied. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Chen-Mayer, H. H.; Tosh, R. E.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen-Mayer, HH (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chen-mayer@nist.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 652
IS 1
BP 896
EP 900
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.037
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 831XS
UT WOS:000295765000216
ER
PT J
AU Tai, SSC
Yeh, CY
Phinney, KW
AF Tai, Susan S. -C.
Yeh, Chia-Yi
Phinney, Karen W.
TI Development and validation of a reference measurement procedure for
certification of phenytoin, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and topiramate
in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass
spectrometry
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antiepileptic drugs; Reference measurement procedure; Electrospray
ionization; Isotope dilution; Liquid chromatography/tandem mass
spectrometry; Solid-phase extraction
ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; HUMAN PLASMA; METABOLITES;
ZONISAMIDE; EPILEPSY; ASSAY
AB Phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PHB), lamotrigine (LTG), and topiramate (TPM) are some of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Monitoring of their concentrations in serum is important for the treatment of epilepsy. A reference measurement procedure (RMP) for certification of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM in serum has been developed and critically evaluated. Isotopically labeled compounds of PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM are used as internal standards for the four AEDs. The four drugs and their respective labeled internal standards are simultaneously extracted from serum using solid-phase extraction prior to reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed using a C(18) column. Electrospray ionization (ESI) in the positive ion mode for PHT and LTG, and in the negative ion mode for PHB and TPM were used. The recovery of AEDs added to serum (accuracy of the extraction method) was evaluated by recovery studies of measuring the four drugs in spiked samples with known drug levels. The recoveries of the added drugs ranged from 98.6% to 102.0%. The absolute recoveries (extraction efficiencies) of the four drugs with this method ranged from 97% to 100%. Excellent repeatability was obtained for the four drugs with between-set coefficients of variation (CVs) within 1%. The type B components estimates are conservatively large and are considerably larger than the type A component. Therefore, we use the usual metrological expansion factor of 2 to provide an approximate 95% coverage interval. The relative expanded uncertainties for the four AEDs ranged from 2.3% to 2.4%. This LC-MS/MS RMP for PHT, PHB, LTG, and TPM in serum demonstrating good accuracy and precision can be used to assess the accuracy of routine methods used in clinical laboratories.
C1 [Tai, Susan S. -C.; Phinney, Karen W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM susan.tai@nist.gov
NR 29
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 19
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 401
IS 6
BP 1915
EP 1922
DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5251-5
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 828NZ
UT WOS:000295510100019
PM 21874530
ER
PT J
AU Zook, JM
Long, SE
Cleveland, D
Geronimo, CLA
MacCuspie, RI
AF Zook, Justin M.
Long, Stephen E.
Cleveland, Danielle
Geronimo, Carly Lay A.
MacCuspie, Robert I.
TI Measuring silver nanoparticle dissolution in complex biological and
environmental matrices using UV-visible absorbance
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Silver colloid; Dissolution; Silver ion; ICP-MS; Localized surface
plasmon resonance absorbance
ID TOXICITY; NANOSILVER; IONS; RELEASE; PARTICLE
AB Distinguishing the toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs) themselves from the well-studied toxic effects of their ions is a critical but challenging measurement for nanotoxicity studies and regulation. This measurement is especially difficult for silver NPs (AgNPs) because in many relevant biological and environmental solutions, dissolved silver forms AgCl NPs or microparticles. Simulations predict that solid AgCl particles form at silver concentrations greater than 0.18 and 0.58 mu g/mL in cell culture media and moderately hard reconstituted water (MHRW), respectively. The AgCl NPs are usually not easily separable from AgNPs. Therefore, common existing total silver techniques applied to measure AgNP dissolution, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or atomic absorption, cannot accurately measure the amount of silver remaining in AgNP form, as they cannot distinguish Ag oxidation states. In this work, we introduce a simple localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) UV-visible absorbance measurement as a technique to measure the amount of silver remaining in AgNP form for AgNPs with constant agglomeration states. Unlike other existing methods, this absorbance method can be used to measure the amount of silver remaining in AgNP form even in biological and environmental solutions containing chloride because AgCl NPs do not have an associated LSPR absorbance. In addition, no separation step is required to measure the dissolution of the AgNPs. After using ICP-MS to show that the area under the absorbance curve is an accurate measure of silver in AgNP state for unagglomerating AgNPs in non-chloride-containing media, the absorbance is used to measure dissolution rates of AgNPs with different polymer coatings in biological and environmental solutions. We find that the dissolution rate decreases at high AgNP concentrations, 5 kDa polyethylene glycol thiol coatings increase the dissolution rate, and the rate is much higher in cell culture media than in MHRW.
C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Long, Stephen E.; Cleveland, Danielle; Geronimo, Carly Lay A.; MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zook, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jzook@nist.gov
RI Zook, Justin/B-7000-2008;
OI Zook, Justin/0000-0003-2309-8402; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499;
Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584
NR 31
TC 89
Z9 89
U1 5
U2 150
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 401
IS 6
BP 1993
EP 2002
DI 10.1007/s00216-011-5266-y
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 828NZ
UT WOS:000295510100026
PM 21808990
ER
PT J
AU Gedzelman, SD
AF Gedzelman, Stanley David
TI Approach to photorealistic halo simulations
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHAPED ICE CRYSTALS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CIRRUS
CLOUDS; RAINBOWS; LIGHT; COLOR
AB A multiple-scattering Monte Carlo model that can produce near-photographic quality images is developed and used to simulate several dramatic halo displays. The model atmosphere contains an absorbing ozone layer plus two clear, molecular air layers with Rayleigh scattering surrounding a cloud layer and an atmospheric boundary layer with aerosol particles subject to Lorentz-Mie scattering. Halos are produced by right hexagonal or pyramidal crystals that reflect and refract according to geometric optics without diffraction, although "junk" crystals with a pronounced forward-scattering peak but no halo peaks may be included to simulate typical, faint halos. Model parameters include ozone height and content, surface and cloud pressure, cloud optical thickness, crystal shapes, orientations and abundances, atmospheric turbidity, aerosol radius, and albedo. Beams for each wavelength are sorted into small bins as halo beams if they have been scattered once only by a single crystal and otherwise as sky beams, which are smoothed and combined with the halo beams to produce images. Multiple scattering generally vitiates halos, but extremely rare halos, such as Kern's arc, can be produced if a significant fraction of crystals in optically thick clouds have identical shapes and are highly oriented. Albedo is a model by-product with potential value in climate studies. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
RP Gedzelman, SD (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM sgedzelman@ccny.cuny.edu
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 28
BP F102
EP F111
DI 10.1364/AO.50.00F102
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 832XA
UT WOS:000295842600013
PM 22016232
ER
PT J
AU Gedzelman, SD
Vollmer, M
AF Gedzelman, Stanley David
Vollmer, Michael
TI Crepuscular rays: laboratory experiments and simulations
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Model simulations of laboratory-generated and natural crepuscular rays are presented. Rays are created in the laboratory with parallel light beams that pass through artificial fogs and milk-water solutions. Light scattered by 90 in a dilute mixture of whole milk first increases in intensity with distance from the source to a maximum as a result of multiple scattering by mainly small angles before decreasing exponentially due to extinction as distance continues to increase. Crepuscular rays are simulated for three cloud configurations. In case 1, the Sun at the zenith is blocked by a cloud with an overhanging anvil. The rays appear white against blue sky and are brightest when atmospheric turbidity, beta approximate to 11. Shading by the anvil separates maximum brightness from apparent cloud edge. In case 2, a ray passes through a rectangular gap in a cloud layer. The ray is faint blue in a molecular atmosphere but turns pale yellow as beta and solar zenith angle, phi(sun), increase. At phi(sun) = 60 degrees it appears most striking when the cloud is optically thick, beta approximate to 5, and the beam width Delta x approximate to 1000 m. In these cases, increasing aerosol radius, r(aer), to about 1000nm brightens, narrows, and shortens rays. In case 3, the twilight Sun is shaded by a towering cloud or mountain. The shaded rays are deeper blue than the sunlit sky because the light originates higher in the atmosphere, where short waves have suffered less depletion from scattering. The long optical path taken by sunlight at twilight makes color and lighting contrasts of the rays greatest when the air is quite clean, i.e., for beta - 1 << 1. In all cases, the brightest rays occur when sunlight passes through an optical thickness of atmosphere, tau approximate to O(1). (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Ctr Excellence Remote, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Vollmer, Michael] Brandenburg Univ Appl Sci, D-14770 Brandenburg, Germany.
RP Gedzelman, SD (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
EM stan@sci.ccny.cuny.edu; vollmer@fh-brandenburg.de
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 28
BP F142
EP F151
DI 10.1364/AO.50.00F142
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 832XA
UT WOS:000295842600018
PM 22016238
ER
PT J
AU Sogard, SM
AF Sogard, Susan M.
TI INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN GROWTH RATES OF EARLY JUVENILE SABLEFISH AND
THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FISH;
PACIFIC; OREGON; LARVAL; OCEAN; SIZE; FOOD
AB Otolith increments were examined to estimate growth rates of late larvae and early juvenile sablefish from an 8-yr time series (1993-2001), with fish collected from late March to mid-May at the same location off Oregon. The time series spanned a broad range of oceanographic conditions and included an extreme El Nino year (1997-1998) followed by an extreme La Nina (1999). Estimated growth rates overall were rapid for the small size of fish examined and the water temperatures they experienced, averaging 0.4 mm d(-1) to 1.0 mm d(-1) at fish sizes of 10-40 mm. Growth rates were strongly related to fish size and water temperature. After adjusting for these effects using regression residuals, interannual differences in growth corresponded to large-scale oceanographic indices of productivity and transport in the California Current ecosystem. Growth during the early neustonic stage was correlated with subsequent recruitment to the adult stock except in 1997, when conditions in late winter and early spring apparently were favorable for sablefish growth but survival of the year class was poor, potentially a consequence of reduced productivity as El Nino conditions developed in the summer. Within a year, there was minimal support for the occurrence of growth-dependent mortality, at least within the time frame of our collections. Overall, the results confirm the unusual capacity for rapid growth in small sablefish and are consistent with the general pattern of large-scale environmental controls on larval and early juvenile survival hypothesized for fishes resident in the California Current.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Sogard, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM susan.sogard@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 16
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 87
IS 4
BP 857
EP 872
DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1045
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 835ZA
UT WOS:000296074600008
ER
PT J
AU Bethea, DM
Carlson, JK
Hollensead, LD
Papastamatiou, YP
Graham, BS
AF Bethea, Dana M.
Carlson, John K.
Hollensead, Lisa D.
Papastamatiou, Yannis P.
Graham, Brittany S.
TI A COMPARISON OF THE FORAGING ECOLOGY AND BIOENERGETICS OF THE EARLY
LIFE-STAGES OF TWO SYMPATRIC HAMMERHEAD SHARKS
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SPHYRNA-LEWINI; KANEOHE BAY; DAILY RATION; DIET; FISHES; HAWAII; RATES;
OAHU; ENRICHMENT; MECHANICS
AB Juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834), were collected in northwest Florida to examine foraging ecology, bioenergetics, and trophic level [30-60 cm fork length (FL); mean FL = 41.5 cm; n = 196]. Diet analysis was performed using single and compound measures of prey quantity, as well as seven broad diet categories. Diet composition and estimated daily ration were compared to previously published information on bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758). Diet overlap was low between species. Juvenile S. lewini feed on relatively small (85% of prey items < 5% shark length) teleosts (mostly bothids and sciaenids) and shrimps, whereas juvenile S. tiburo has been documented to feed mostly on crustaceans and plant material. Plant material contributed little to the diet of S. lewini. Estimated daily ration was significantly lower for S. lewini than for S. tiburo, regardless of whether plant material was included in the model. Trophic level was calculated at 4.0 for S. lewini and 2.6 for S. tiburo. Stable isotope analysis showed S. lewini had significantly higher delta(15)N values and significantly lower delta(13)C values than S. tiburo, consistent with the difference observed in calculated trophic level. These results provide evidence that juvenile hammerhead species coexist in coastal northwest Florida by feeding at separate trophic levels.
C1 [Bethea, Dana M.; Carlson, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Hollensead, Lisa D.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Graham, Brittany S.] Univ New Brunswick, Canadian Rivers Inst, Stable Isotopes Nat Lab SINLAB, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
RP Bethea, DM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM Dana.Bethea@noaa.gov
NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 34
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 87
IS 4
BP 873
EP 889
DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1047
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 835ZA
UT WOS:000296074600009
ER
PT J
AU Bohnsack, JA
AF Bohnsack, James A.
TI IMPACTS OF FLORIDA COASTAL PROTECTED AREAS ON RECREATIONAL WORLD RECORDS
FOR SPOTTED SEATROUT, RED DRUM, BLACK DRUM, AND COMMON SNOOK
SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST-CENTRAL FLORIDA; INDIAN-RIVER LAGOON; NO-TAKE RESERVES; MARINE
RESERVES; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; LONG-TERM;
ARTISANAL FISHERIES; FISH COMMUNITY; EXPLOITED FISH
AB The present study examines the influence of coastal marine protected areas (MPAs) and statewide fishing regulations on recreational trophy fisheries for four important estuarine game fishes in Florida, where similar to 59% of the mainland coast consists of MPAs. The distribution of International Game Fish Association (IGFA) recreational world records achieved over 70 years (1939-2009) were correlated with the strength and duration of fishery restrictions in MPAs. No difference in record density was detected between coastal areas inside and outside of MPAs where fishing was managed by statewide regulations. However, 74% (n = 143) of all records for three species were concentrated near the two MPAs that had additional fishery restrictions. The highest concentration was along similar to 11% of the mainland coast at Cape Canaveral (CAN) near MPAs closed to all fishing since 1962. It included 42% of spotted seatrout [Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)1, 55% of red drum [Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766)], and 69% of black drum [Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766)] Florida records. Everglades National Park (ENP) had the second highest concentration with 7% of spotted seatrout, 32% of red drum, and 24% of black drum records caught along similar to 9% of the mainland coast. ENP partially limited fishing starting in 1980 by establishing a closed area, daily bag limits, and eliminating commercial fishing. Common snook [Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)] records did not increase significantly at CAN or ENP. Recreational fishery statistics corroborated IGFA record patterns. Total recreational catch and catch per trip (CPUE) increased significantly for spotted seatrout, red drum, and black drum in northeast and southwest Florida, the two regions with the most protective MPAs, and either declined or were unchanged in the northeast and southeast, which did not have MPAs with fishing restrictions. Both datasets supported predictions of marine reserve theory that MPAs can benefit fisheries by increasing the abundance and size of exploited species. Data did not support other alternative hypotheses proposed to explain record patterns. In conclusion, evidence indicates that Florida coastal estuarine MPAs with fishery restrictions allowed recreational anglers to increase their total catch and CPUE, and achieve more game fish world records than would have occurred if all coastal areas had been regulated by existing statewide fishing regulations.
C1 NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Bohnsack, JA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Jim.Bohnsack@noaa.gov
FU NMFS; NOAA
FX I thank the International Game Fish Association (IGFA) for providing
their data and J Ault, B Bohnsack, K Bohnsack, D Johnson, B Ruttenberg,
S Smith, R Warner, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive
comments. J Javech and E Heery helped with figures. J Blondeau, V
Matter, S Turner contributed to MRFSS data analysis. Partial funding to
study MPAs was from NMFS and the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program.
NR 62
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 31
PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI
PI MIAMI
PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA
SN 0007-4977
J9 B MAR SCI
JI Bull. Mar. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 87
IS 4
BP 939
EP 970
DI 10.5343/bms.2010.1072
PG 32
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 835ZA
UT WOS:000296074600012
ER
PT J
AU Cui, XP
Li, XF
AF Cui Xiao-Peng
Li Xiao-Fan
TI Thermal aspect of the diurnal variation of tropical convective and
stratiform rainfall
SO CHINESE PHYSICS B
LA English
DT Article
DE thermal aspects; diurnal variation; tropical convective and stratiform
rainfall
ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE;
GENERAL-CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; OCEANIC CONVECTION; CUMULUS
CONVECTION; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SURFACE RAINFALL
AB The diurnal variation of radiation plays a key role in determining the diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convective and stratiform rainfall, and the examination of such a relationship requires a direct link between the radiation term in a heat budget and the surface rain rate in a cloud budget. Thus, the thermally related surface rainfall budgets derived from the combination of cloud and heat budgets are analysed with two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model simulation data to study the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) and cloud radiative, and microphysical processes on the diurnal variations of convective and stratiform rainfall. The results show that the increase in SST, the inclusion of diurnal variation of SST and the exclusion of cloud radiative processes increase negative diurnal anomalies of heat divergence over rainfall-free regions during the nighttime through changing the vertical structures of diurnal anomaly of radiation in the troposphere. The strengthened negative diurnal anomalies of heat divergence over rainfall-free regions enhance positive diurnal anomalies of heat divergence over convective regions, which intensifies the positive diurnal anomaly of convective rainfall. The exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds increases the negative diurnal anomaly of heat divergence over rainfall-free regions during the nighttime through reducing latent heat; this appears to enhance the positive diurnal anomaly of heat divergence over raining stratiform regions, and thus stratiform rainfall.
C1 [Cui Xiao-Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Li Xiao-Fan] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421505]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [40775036, 40921160379]
FX Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant
No. 2009CB421505), the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange
of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
40921160379), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 40775036).
NR 52
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1674-1056
J9 CHINESE PHYS B
JI Chin. Phys. B
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 10
AR 109201
DI 10.1088/1674-1056/20/10/109201
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 834NR
UT WOS:000295969000082
ER
PT J
AU Yang, YQ
Li, GN
Wang, T
Huang, QZ
Gao, QQ
Li, JB
Liu, GY
Luo, J
Rao, GH
AF Yang Yu-Qi
Li Guan-Nan
Wang Tong
Huang Qing-Zhen
Gao Qing-Qing
Li Jing-Bo
Liu Guang-Yao
Luo Jun
Rao Guang-Hui
TI Neutron diffraction study on composite compound Nd2Co7
SO CHINESE PHYSICS B
LA English
DT Article
DE Nd2Co7; neutron powder diffraction; magnetic structure; crystal
structure
ID EARTH-COBALT COMPOUNDS; POWDER-DIFFRACTION; FIELD
AB The crystallographic and the magnetic structures of the composite compound Nd2Co7 at 300 K are investigated by a combined refinement of X-ray diffraction data and high-resolution neutron diffraction data. The compound crystallizes into a hexagonal Ce2Ni7-type structure and consists of alternately stacking MgZn2-type NdCo2 and CaCu5-type NdCo5 structural blocks along the c axis. A magnetic structure model with the moments of all atoms aligning along the c axis provides a satisfactory fitting to the neutron diffraction data and coincides with the easy magnetization direction revealed by the X-ray diffraction experiments on magnetically pre-aligned fine particles. The refinement results show that the derived atomic moments of the Co atoms vary in a range of 0.7 mu(B)-1.1 mu(B) and the atomic moment of Nd in the NdCo5 slab is close to the theoretical moment of a free trivalent Nd3+ ion, whereas the atomic moment of Nd in the NdCo2 slab is much smaller than the theoretical value for a free Nd3+ ion. The remarkable difference in the atomic moment of Nd atoms between different structural slabs at room temperature is explained in terms of the magnetic characteristics of the NdCo2 and NdCo5 compounds and the local chemical environments of the Nd atoms in different structural slabs of the Nd2Co7 compound.
C1 [Yang Yu-Qi; Li Guan-Nan; Wang Tong; Gao Qing-Qing; Li Jing-Bo; Liu Guang-Yao; Luo Jun; Rao Guang-Hui] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Li Guan-Nan; Huang Qing-Zhen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rao, GH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM ghrao@aphy.iphy.ac.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50631040]; National Basic
Research Program of China [2006CB601101, 2006CB605101]
FX Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 50631040) and the National Basic Research Program of China
(Grants Nos. 2006CB601101 and 2006CB605101).
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1674-1056
J9 CHINESE PHYS B
JI Chin. Phys. B
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 10
AR 106101
DI 10.1088/1674-1056/20/10/106101
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 834NR
UT WOS:000295969000050
ER
PT J
AU Weston, DP
Asbell, AM
Hecht, SA
Scholz, NL
Lydy, MJ
AF Weston, D. P.
Asbell, A. M.
Hecht, S. A.
Scholz, N. L.
Lydy, M. J.
TI Pyrethroid insecticides in urban salmon streams of the Pacific Northwest
SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Pyrethroid; Bifenthrin; Insecticides; Urban pollution; Hyalella azteca
ID IDENTIFICATION EVALUATION TOOLS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY; RISK-ASSESSMENT;
PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA; WATERWAYS; USA; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHLORPYRIFOS;
CONSERVATION
AB Urban streams of the Pacific Northwest provide spawning and rearing habitat for a variety of salmon species, and food availability for developing salmon could be adversely affected by pesticide residues in these waterbodies. Sediments from Oregon and Washington streams were sampled to determine if current-use pyrethroid insecticides from residential neighborhoods were reaching aquatic habitats, and if they were at concentrations acutely toxic to sensitive invertebrates. Approximately one-third of the 35 sediment samples contained measurable pyrethroids. Bifenthrin was the pyrethroid of greatest concern with regards to aquatic life toxicity, consistent with prior studies elsewhere. Toxicity to Hyalella azteca and/or Chironomus dilums was found in two sediment samples at standard testing temperature (23 degrees C), and in one additional sample at a more environmentally realistic temperature (13 degrees C). Given the temperature dependency of pyrethroid toxicity, low temperatures typical of northwest streams can increase the potential for toxicity above that indicated by standard testing protocols. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Weston, D. P.; Asbell, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hecht, S. A.] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Lacey, WA 98503 USA.
[Scholz, N. L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Lydy, M. J.] So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
[Lydy, M. J.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
RP Weston, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, 3060 Valley Life Sci Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dweston@berkeley.edu; aasbell@berkeley.edu; scott.hecht@noaa.gov;
nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov; mlydy@siu.edu
RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013
OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272
FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources
FX This study was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service,
Office of Protected Resources, Species of Concern Program. David Baldwin
and Kate Macneale assisted in site selection and field sampling. The
assistance of ScottsMiracle-Gro in providing bifenthrin sales data is
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 37
TC 38
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 41
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-7491
J9 ENVIRON POLLUT
JI Environ. Pollut.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 159
IS 10
BP 3051
EP 3056
DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.008
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 828HW
UT WOS:000295493100109
PM 21592636
ER
PT J
AU Waples, RS
England, PR
AF Waples, Robin S.
England, Phillip R.
TI Estimating Contemporary Effective Population Size on the Basis of
Linkage Disequilibrium in the Face of Migration
SO GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPORALLY SPACED SAMPLES; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; GENETIC-MARKERS; N-E;
PROGRAM; TIME; LIKELIHOOD; INFERENCE; RATES; DRIFT
AB Effective population size (N-e) is an important genetic parameter because of its relationship to loss of genetic variation, increases in inbreeding, accumulation of mutations, and effectiveness of selection. Like most other genetic approaches that estimate contemporary N-e, the method based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) assumes a closed population and (in the most common applications) randomly recombining loci. We used analytical and numerical methods to evaluate the absolute and relative consequences of two potential violations of the closed-population assumption: (1) mixture LD caused by occurrence of more than one gene pool, which would downwardly bias (N) over cap (e), and (2) reductions in drift LD (and hence upward bias in (N) over cap (e)) caused by an increase in the number of parents responsible for local samples. The LD method is surprisingly robust to equilibrium migration. Effects of mixture LD are small for all values of migration rate (m), and effects of additional parents are also small unless m is high in genetic terms. LD estimates of N-e therefore accurately reflect local (subpopulation) N-e unless m > similar to 5-10%. With higher m, (N) over cap (e) converges on the global (metapopulation) N-e. Two general exceptions were observed. First, equilibrium migration that is rare and hence episodic can occasionally lead to substantial mixture LD, especially when sample size is small. Second, nonequilibrium, pulse migration of strongly divergent individuals can also create strong mixture LD and depress estimates of local N-e. In both cases, assignment tests, Bayesian clustering, and other methods often will allow identification of recent immigrants that strongly influence results. In simulations involving equilibrium migration, the standard LD method performed better than a method designed to jointly estimate N-e and m. The above results assume loci are not physically linked; for tightly linked loci, the LD signal from past migration events can persist for many generations, with consequences for N-e estimates that remain to be evaluated.
C1 [Waples, Robin S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[England, Phillip R.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org Marine & Atmospher, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
RP Waples, RS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM robin.waples@noaa.gov
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham, NC); National Center for
Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa Barbara, CA); Australian
Academy of Sciences
FX Peter Smouse and two anonymous reviewers provided useful suggestions on
earlier drafts, and Gordon Luikart shared unpublished data. This work
benefitted from discussions within the Genetic Monitoring Working Group
jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (Durham,
NC) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (Santa
Barbara, CA). P.R.E. was assisted by an Australian Academy of Sciences
Visit to North America Fellowship.
NR 40
TC 75
Z9 76
U1 3
U2 75
PU GENETICS SOC AM
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0016-6731
J9 GENETICS
JI Genetics
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 189
IS 2
BP 633
EP 644
DI 10.1534/genetics.111.132233
PG 12
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 836ZH
UT WOS:000296158500018
PM 21840864
ER
PT J
AU Li, M
Shi, SF
Brown, CL
Yang, TB
AF Li, Min
Shi, Su-Fen
Brown, Christopher L.
Yang, Ting-Bao
TI Phylogeographical pattern of Mazocraeoides gonialosae (Monogenea,
Mazocraeidae) on the dotted gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, along the
coast of China
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Monogenea; Mazocraeoides gonialosae; Phylogeography; Coast of China; COI
ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES;
ERIOCHEIR-SENSU-STRICTO; PACIFIC MARGINAL SEAS; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY;
MONOCOTYLID MONOGENEANS; PLEISTOCENE ISOLATION; NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC;
GILL PARASITE; ICE AGES
AB In the present study, we examined the phylogeographical pattern of the monogenean. Mazocraeoides gonialosae, which parasitises the dotted gizzard shad (Konosirus punctatus) along the coast of China. Fragments of 756 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene were sequenced for 147 individuals from seven localities along the coast of China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no significant genealogical clades of samples corresponding to sampling localities. Analyses of molecular variance and pairwise F-ST suggested a high rate of gene flow and the lack of a predictable genetic structure between different populations of this parasite. Both neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses indicated a recent population expansion in M. gonialosae after the last glacial maximum. Gradually decreasing genetic diversity in more northerly populations implied a historical south-to-north expansion of this parasite. Dispersal of eggs and larvae with ocean currents was considered to be associated with the genetic homogeneity of this species. The limited time to accumulate genetic variation after the last glacial maximum may also account in part for the lack of phylogeographical structure in the studied region. (C) 2011 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Min; Shi, Su-Fen; Yang, Ting-Bao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Li, Min; Shi, Su-Fen; Yang, Ting-Bao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Parasit Organisms, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Brown, Christopher L.] NOAA, Milford Lab, Aquaculture & Enhancement Div, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Yang, TB (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocontrol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
EM tingbao123@gmail.com
RI Li, Min/F-8032-2011
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [31072215]; Ph.D. Programs
Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20100171110033]; Science
Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen
University, China [SKLBC10B04]
FX We would like to thank Wang Chao and Wang Ming for their assistance with
sample collection, and Zhang Guangzhen, Yang Yang, Liang Jingzhen, Cao
Jing and Yan Shuai for their help during the experiment. We are grateful
to Liu Jianyong and Zhou Renchao for their very helpful comments in the
course of manuscript writing. We are also grateful to Zou Keshu and Wu
Ye for proof-reading the manuscript. This work was funded by National
Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31072215), Ph.D. Programs
Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20100171110033), and
Science Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun
Yat-sen University, China (SKLBC10B04).
NR 76
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7519
J9 INT J PARASITOL
JI Int. J. Parasit.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 12
BP 1263
EP 1272
DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.07.012
PG 10
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 836KJ
UT WOS:000296110300006
PM 21924270
ER
PT J
AU Koster, RD
Mahanama, SPP
Yamada, TJ
Balsamo, G
Berg, AA
Boisserie, M
Dirmeyer, PA
Doblas-Reyes, FJ
Drewitt, G
Gordon, CT
Guo, Z
Jeong, JH
Lee, WS
Li, Z
Luo, L
Malyshev, S
Merryfield, WJ
Seneviratne, SI
Stanelle, T
van den Hurk, BJJM
Vitart, F
Wood, EF
AF Koster, R. D.
Mahanama, S. P. P.
Yamada, T. J.
Balsamo, Gianpaolo
Berg, A. A.
Boisserie, M.
Dirmeyer, P. A.
Doblas-Reyes, F. J.
Drewitt, G.
Gordon, C. T.
Guo, Z.
Jeong, J. -H.
Lee, W. -S.
Li, Z.
Luo, L.
Malyshev, S.
Merryfield, W. J.
Seneviratne, S. I.
Stanelle, T.
van den Hurk, B. J. J. M.
Vitart, F.
Wood, E. F.
TI The Second Phase of the Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment: Soil
Moisture Contributions to Subseasonal Forecast Skill
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; PART I; MINIMUM TEMPERATURES; AFRICAN MONSOONS;
MONTHLY RAINFALL; CLIMATE MODELS; DATA SET; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION;
IMPACT
AB The second phase of the Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE-2) is a multi-institutional numerical modeling experiment focused on quantifying, for boreal summer, the subseasonal (out to two months) forecast skill for precipitation and air temperature that can be derived from the realistic initialization of land surface states, notably soil moisture. An overview of the experiment and model behavior at the global scale is described here, along with a determination and characterization of multimodel "consensus" skill. The models show modest but significant skill in predicting air temperatures, especially where the rain gauge network is dense. Given that precipitation is the chief driver of soil moisture, and thereby assuming that rain gauge density is a reasonable proxy for the adequacy of the observational network contributing to soil moisture initialization, this result indeed highlights the potential contribution of enhanced observations to prediction. Land-derived precipitation forecast skill is much weaker than that for air temperature. The skill for predicting air temperature, and to some extent precipitation, increases with the magnitude of the initial soil moisture anomaly. GLACE-2 results are examined further to provide insight into the asymmetric impacts of wet and dry soil moisture initialization on skill.
C1 [Koster, R. D.; Mahanama, S. P. P.; Yamada, T. J.; Li, Z.] NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Mahanama, S. P. P.; Yamada, T. J.] UMBC GEST, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Mahanama, S. P. P.; Li, Z.; Vitart, F.] SAIC, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Yamada, T. J.] Hokkaido Univ, Div Field Engn Environm, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
[Balsamo, Gianpaolo] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England.
[Berg, A. A.; Drewitt, G.] Univ Guelph, Dept Geog, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Boisserie, M.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Boisserie, M.] Meteo France, Toulouse, France.
[Dirmeyer, P. A.; Guo, Z.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Steudies, Calverton, MD USA.
[Doblas-Reyes, F. J.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain.
[Doblas-Reyes, F. J.] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima IC3, Barcelona, Spain.
[Gordon, C. T.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Jeong, J. -H.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Lee, W. -S.; Merryfield, W. J.] Environm Canada, CCCMA, Victoria, BC, Canada.
[Luo, L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Luo, L.; Malyshev, S.; Wood, E. F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Seneviratne, S. I.; Stanelle, T.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[van den Hurk, B. J. J. M.] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands.
RP Koster, RD (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM randal.d.koster@nasa.gov
RI Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Balsamo,
Gianpaolo/I-3362-2013; Jeong, Jee-Hoon/A-4286-2010; Dirmeyer,
Paul/B-6553-2016; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016
OI Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917; Koster,
Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/0000-0002-1745-3634;
Jeong, Jee-Hoon/0000-0002-3358-3949; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752;
Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280
FU NOAA; NASA
FX Coordinators of the GLACE-2 project gratefully acknowledge financial
support from NOAA's Climate Prediction Program for the Americas and
NASA's Terrestrial Hydrology program. The various participants in the
project (see Table 1) were able to perform the GLACE-2 simulations
thanks to financial and computational support from their home
institutions and/or from the institutions hosting the numerical
prediction systems. We thank George Huffmann and David Bolvin for
valuable discussions on the precipitation gauge network, and we thank
WCRP's GEWEX and CLIVAR projects for their sponsorship of this project.
One of the authors (Tony Gordon) passed away during the review process
for this manuscript. His contributions to the project were particularly
significant, and we dedicate this paper to his memory.
NR 65
TC 112
Z9 114
U1 3
U2 39
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 5
BP 805
EP 822
DI 10.1175/2011JHM1365.1
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835ID
UT WOS:000296029000006
ER
PT J
AU Gourley, JJ
Hong, Y
Flamig, ZL
Wang, JH
Vergara, H
Anagnostou, EN
AF Gourley, Jonathan J.
Hong, Yang
Flamig, Zachary L.
Wang, Jiahu
Vergara, Humberto
Anagnostou, Emmanoul N.
TI Hydrologic Evaluation of Rainfall Estimates from Radar, Satellite,
Gauge, and Combinations on Ft. Cobb Basin, Oklahoma
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOOD PREDICTION; SAMPLING ERROR; SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTY; SIMULATION;
AVERAGES; SCALES; COVER
AB This study evaluates rainfall estimates from the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD), operational rain gauges, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) in the context as inputs to a calibrated, distributed hydrologic model. A high-density Micronet of rain gauges on the 342-km(2) Ft. Cobb basin in Oklahoma was used as reference rainfall to calibrate the National Weather Service's (NWS) Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) at 4-km/l-h and 0.25 degrees/3-h resolutions. The unadjusted radar product was the overall worst product, while the stage IV radar product with hourly rain gauge adjustment had the best hydrologic skill with a Micronet relative efficiency score of -0.5, only slightly worse than the reference simulation forced by Micronet rainfall. Simulations from TRMM-3B42RT were better than PERSIANN-CCS-RT (a real-time version of PERSIANN-CSS) and equivalent to those from the operational rain gauge network. The high degree of hydrologic skill with TRMM-3B42RT forcing was only achievable when the model was calibrated at TRMM's 0.25 degrees/3-h resolution, thus highlighting the importance of considering rainfall product resolution during model calibration.
C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Vergara, Humberto] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
[Hong, Yang; Flamig, Zachary L.; Wang, Jiahu; Vergara, Humberto] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Vergara, Humberto] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Anagnostou, Emmanoul N.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA.
RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science
Foundation
FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S.
Department of Commerce. Stage II radar- and gauge-based products were
provided by NCAR-EOL under sponsorship of the National Science
Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). The stage IV rainfall product
was obtained at the National Weather Service's National Precipitation
Verification Unit (http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/npvu/). The authors
would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr. Soroosh Sorooshian at the
University of California, Irvine and Dr. George Huffman at NASA Goddard
for providing the PERSIANN-CCS and TMPA products in this study,
respectively. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Jasper Vrugt of
the University of California, Irvine for making the DREAM parameter
estimation method available to us. Computer resources for the
calibration of the model were made available from the University of
Oklahoma's Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER).
NR 38
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 28
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 5
BP 973
EP 988
DI 10.1175/2011JHM1287.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835ID
UT WOS:000296029000015
ER
PT J
AU Borowska, L
Zrnic, D
Ryzhkov, A
Zhang, P
Simmer, C
AF Borowska, L.
Zrnic, D.
Ryzhkov, A.
Zhang, P.
Simmer, C.
TI Polarimetric Estimates of a 1-Month Accumulation of Light Rain with a
3-cm Wavelength Radar
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; X-BAND; PROFILING ALGORITHM; DIFFERENTIAL
PHASE; GROUND CLUTTER; MELTING-LAYER; WEATHER RADAR; PRECIPITATION;
REFLECTIVITY; WSR-88D
AB The authors evaluate rainfall estimates from the new polarimetric X-band radar at Bonn, Germany, for a period between mid-November and the end of December 2009 by comparison with rain gauges. The emphasis is on slightly more than 1-month accumulations over areas minimally affected by beam blockage. The rain regime was characterized by reflectivities mainly below 45 dBZ, maximum observed rain rates of 47 mm a mean rain rate of 0.1 mm h(-1), and brightband altitudes between 0.6 and 2.4 km above the ground. Both the reflectivity factor and the specific differential phase are used to obtain the rain rates. The accuracy of rain total estimates is evaluated from the statistics of the differences between radar and rain gauge measurements. Polarimetry provides improvement in the statistics of reflectivity-based measurements by reducing the bias and RMS errors from -25% to 7% and from 33% to 17%, respectively. Essential to this improvement is separation of the data into those attributed to pure rain, those from the bright band, and those due to non-meteorological scatterers. A type-specific (rain or wet snow) relation is applied to obtain the rain rate by matching on the average the contribution by wet snow to the radar-measured rainfall below the bright band. The measurement of rain using specific differential phase is the most robust and can be applied to the very low rain rates and still produce credible accumulation estimates characterized with a standard deviation of 11% but a bias of -25%. A composite estimator is also tested and discussed.
C1 [Borowska, L.; Zrnic, D.] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Borowska, L.; Simmer, C.] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany.
[Ryzhkov, A.; Zhang, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Ryzhkov, A.; Zhang, P.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
RP Borowska, L (reprint author), NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM lesya.borowska@noaa.gov
RI Simmer, Clemens/M-4949-2013
OI Simmer, Clemens/0000-0003-3001-8642
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); National Research Council (NRC), NOAA [N
0940760]
FX We thank the engineers Dr. Andreas Schneider, Martin Lennefer, and Kai
Muhlbauer for the maintenance and operation of the Bonn X-band radar.
The radar is a recently established facility operated by the
Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn and was manufactured
by Electronic Enterprise Corporation (EEC) and Gamic. We thank Dr. Mill
for software consulting. Funding for the CIMMS authors was provided by
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
Dr. Lesya Borowska was funded by a grant from the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the framework of Transregional Research
Center on "Patterns in Landsurface-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interactions"
(TR32). We also acknowledge additional funding of Dr. Borowska's work by
a grant from the National Research Council (NRC), NOAA N 0940760. We
thank DWD for providing their radar data for calibration and the
Aggerverband and Erftverband for providing their rain gauge data. Mattew
Kumjian provided ratios of KDP values from his evaporation
model. We thank three anonymous reviewers for criticisms, especially one
suggesting the vertical profile of KDP for deriving the
relation in bright band, and Dr. Barros for pointing out issues with
drop size distributions.
NR 35
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1024
EP 1039
DI 10.1175/2011JHM1339.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835ID
UT WOS:000296029000018
ER
PT J
AU Higgins, RW
Kousky, VE
Xie, P
AF Higgins, R. W.
Kousky, V. E.
Xie, P.
TI Extreme Precipitation Events in the South-Central United States during
May and June 2010: Historical Perspective, Role of ENSO, and Trends
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIABILITY; FLOOD
AB An analysis of extreme daily precipitation events that occurred in the south-central United States during May and June 2010 is carried out using gridded station data and reanalysis products in use at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Various aspects of the daily extremes are examined from a climate perspective using a 62-yr (1948-2010) period of record, including their historical ranking, common circulation features, moisture plumes, and the possible influence of ENSO. The analysis also considers how the frequency and intensity of daily extremes is changing in the United States. Each of the 2010 flash flood events examined here was associated with historic daily rainfall totals. Several of the events had meteorological conditions in common at upper and lower levels of the atmosphere, and all of the events fit well into an existing classification scheme for heavy precipitation events associated with flash flooding. Each case exhibited characteristics of the "Maya Express" flood events that link tropical moisture plumes from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico to midlatitude flooding over the central United States. Consistent with recent assessment reports, it is shown that extreme daily precipitation events in the United States have increased in frequency during the most recent 30-yr period (1980-2009) when compared to the previous 30-yr period (1950-79), though the increases are relatively small during May and June.
C1 [Higgins, R. W.; Xie, P.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Kousky, V. E.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20233 USA.
EM Wayne.Higgins@noaa.gov
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1056
EP 1070
DI 10.1175/JHM-D-10-05039.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835ID
UT WOS:000296029000020
ER
PT J
AU Palecki, MA
Groisman, PY
AF Palecki, Michael A.
Groisman, Pavel Ya.
TI Observing Climate at High Elevations Using United States Climate
Reference Network Approaches
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; SITES
AB The U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) was deployed between 2001 and 2008 for the purpose of yielding high-quality and temporally stable in situ climate observations in pristine environments over the twenty-first century. Given this mission, USCRN stations are engineered to operate largely autonomously with great reliability and accuracy. A triplicate approach is used to provide redundant measurements of temperature and precipitation at each location, allowing for observations at a specific time to be compared for quality control. This approach has proven to be robust in the most extreme environments, from extreme cold (-49 degrees C) to extreme heat (+52 degrees C), in areas of heavy precipitation (4700 mm yr(-1)), and in locations impacted by strong winds, freezing rain, and other hazards. In addition to a number of stations enduring extreme winter environments in Alaska and the northern United States, seven of the USCRN stations are located at elevations over 2000 m, including stations on Mauna Loa, Hawaii (3407 m) and on Niwot Ridge above Boulder, Colorado (2996 m). The USCRN temperature instruments and radiation shield have also been installed and run successfully at a station on the Quelccaya Ice Cap in Peru (5670 m). This paper reviews the performance of the USCRN station network during its brief lifetime and the potential utility of its triplicate temperature instrument configuration for measuring climate change at elevation.
C1 [Palecki, Michael A.; Groisman, Pavel Ya.] NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Palecki, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM Michael.Palecki@noaa.gov
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 5
BP 1137
EP 1143
DI 10.1175/2011JHM1335.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835ID
UT WOS:000296029000026
ER
PT J
AU Phillips, CD
Gelatt, TS
Patton, JC
Bickham, JW
AF Phillips, C. D.
Gelatt, T. S.
Patton, J. C.
Bickham, J. W.
TI Phylogeography of Steller sea lions: relationships among climate change,
effective population size, and genetic diversity
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; demography; environment; long-term effective population
size; phylogeography
ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; LAST GLACIAL
MAXIMUM; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; PHENOTYPIC ASSOCIATIONS;
CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; HAPLOTYPES; HYPOTHESIS; SUBSTITUTION; DIVERGENCE
AB The biology of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) has been the subject of intense scientific investigation. This is primarily due to the rapid decline of population size in the western part of the species' range since the 1970s and the subsequent Threatened and Endangered species listings that had direct impact on the management of one of the world's largest fisheries. The Steller sea lion has emerged as an indicator species representing the environmental health of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. In this study, to better understand the historical processes that have culminated in the extant populations of E. jubatus, a large genetic data set consisting of 3 mitochondrial regions for >1,000 individuals was analyzed from multiple phylogeographic and demographic perspectives. The results describe the role of climate change in shaping the population structure of E. jubatus. Climatically associated historical processes apparently involved differential demographic responses to ice ages (and putative glacial vicariance) dependent on population size. Ice ages during times of small effective population size promoted restricted gene flow and fragmentation, and ice ages occurring during times of large population size promoted gene flow and dispersal. These results illustrate that effective population size has a profound effect on how species respond to climate change, an observation with obvious implications for large mammals and endangered species under the present conditions of imminent anthropogenically caused climate change. In addition, the results confirm previous observations of strongly biased historic and contemporary gene flow involving dispersal from west to east. Furthermore, phylogenetic patterns in combination with available fossil data suggest the potential of an Asian origin of E. jubatus. The results of this study provide a detailed scenario for the history that has shaped contemporary populations of E. jubatus.
C1 [Phillips, C. D.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Phillips, C. D.; Patton, J. C.; Bickham, J. W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Gelatt, T. S.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98114 USA.
RP Phillips, CD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Environm, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM caleb.phillips@ttu.edu
FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Lily Endowment; Department of
Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University
FX We thank the many people who helped in obtaining tissue
samples-especially V. Burkanov (coordinator for the collecting trips in
Russia), T. Loughlin, and D. Calkins-and also the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration cruises in the Aleutians and the Gulf of
Alaska and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. K. M. Nichols, O. E.
Rhodes, and J. A. DeWoody provided valuable insights and suggestions
during the course of the doctoral studies of CDP. All sea lion tissue
samples were collected under authorization of United States Marine
Mammal Permits 358-1888 (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) and
782-1532 (National Marine Mammal Lab). Comments from 2 anonymous
reviewers were very constructive and greatly improved this manuscript.
This study was conducted as part of the doctoral dissertation of CDP at
Purdue University. Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries
Service, the Lily Endowment, and internal funds provided by the
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University.
NR 42
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 6
U2 39
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
BP 1091
EP 1104
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-305.1
PG 14
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 835FR
UT WOS:000296021600018
ER
PT J
AU Kiszka, J
Perrin, WF
Pusineri, C
Ridoux, V
AF Kiszka, Jeremy
Perrin, William F.
Pusineri, Claire
Ridoux, Vincent
TI What drives island-associated tropical dolphins to form mixed-species
associations in the southwest Indian Ocean?
SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE antipredator strategy; mixed-species associations; pantropical spotted
dolphin; spinner dolphin; Stenella attenuata; Stenella longirostris
ID POLYSPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS; STENELLA-LONGIROSTRIS; MOZAMBIQUE CHANNEL;
DIANA MONKEYS; ECOLOGY; MAYOTTE; AGGREGATIONS; CETACEANS; PATTERNS;
BENEFITS
AB Mixed-species associations are temporary aggregations of individuals of different species involved in similar activities. Such associations form for foraging, protection against predators, and social advantage. Mixed-species groups in delphinids are frequent in the wild. We aimed to understand the ecological significance of mixed-species group formation by 2 tropical delphinids, the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) and the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), in waters surrounding the island of Mayotte in the southwestern Indian Ocean. We used sighting data collected year-round from 2004 to 2009. We encountered a total of 67 mixed-species groups (comprising 21% of all groups observed) of spinner and pantropical spotted dolphins around Mayotte. No daily or seasonal variability in the occurrence of associations was detected. Behavioral activities of single-and mixed-species groups differed significantly. Foraging was observed only in single-species groups of pantropical spotted dolphins. Mixed-species groups were larger than single-species groups. When in association, spinner dolphins used deeper waters than while in single-species groups. No evidence of association for social advantage was observed. We suggest that spinner dolphins associate with spotted dolphins for protection against predators when transiting between resting areas.
C1 [Kiszka, Jeremy; Ridoux, Vincent] CNRS Univ La Rochelle, UMR 6250, LIENSs Littoral Environm & Soc, F-17000 La Rochelle, France.
[Kiszka, Jeremy] Collect Dept Mayotte, Direct Environm & Dev Durable, F-97600 Mamoudzou, Mayotte, France.
[Perrin, William F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Pusineri, Claire] Off Natl Chasse & Faune Sauvage, Cellule Tech Ocean Indien, F-97600 Coconi, Mayotte, France.
RP Kiszka, J (reprint author), CNRS Univ La Rochelle, UMR 6250, LIENSs Littoral Environm & Soc, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17000 La Rochelle, France.
EM jeremy.kiszka@wanadoo.fr
FU Conseil General de Mayotte; Ministere de l'Energie, l'Ecologie, le
Developpement Durable et de la Mer, the University of La Rochelle;
Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage
FX The data from July 2004 to June 2006 were collected during a dolphin
research project conducted by the Office National de la Chasse et de la
Faune Sauvage (Game and Wildlife Service) and the Agriculture and
Forestry Office (Direction de l'Agriculture et de la Foret). From May
2007 to April 2009 data were collected during a joint program of the
University of La Rochelle, the Office National de la Chasse et de la
Faune Sauvage, and the Collectivite Departementale de Mayotte. Funding
was provided by the Conseil General de Mayotte, the Ministere de
l'Energie, l'Ecologie, le Developpement Durable et de la Mer, the
University of La Rochelle, and the Office National de la Chasse et de la
Faune Sauvage. We thank R. Rolland, A. Jamon, I. Ousseni, J. Wickel
(Direction de l'Agriculture et de la Foret), Franck Charlier (Office
National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage), Didier Fray (Collectivite
Departementale de Mayotte), and the personnel of Brigade Nature
(Collectivite Departementale de Mayotte and Office National de la Chasse
et de la Faune Sauvage) for assistance in the field in Mayotte. We also
thank A. Read, S. Querouil, L. Ballance, W. Perryman, and D. Herzing for
their constructive comments on the manuscript.
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 11
PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-2372
J9 J MAMMAL
JI J. Mammal.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 5
BP 1105
EP 1111
DI 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-376.1
PG 7
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 835FR
UT WOS:000296021600019
ER
PT J
AU Tudorie, M
Kleiner, I
Hougen, JT
Melandri, S
Sutikdja, LW
Stahl, W
AF Tudorie, M.
Kleiner, I.
Hougen, J. T.
Melandri, S.
Sutikdja, L. W.
Stahl, W.
TI A fitting program for molecules with two inequivalent methyl tops and a
plane of symmetry at equilibrium: Application to new microwave and
millimeter-wave measurements of methyl acetate
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE G9 and G18 permutation-inversion groups; Internal rotation; Least
squares fit program; Methyl acetate; Rotational transitions; Two
inequivalent C3v tops
ID LARGE-AMPLITUDE MOTIONS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; SPECTRUM; SPECTROMETER;
SPECTROSCOPY; METHANOL; ROTOR; BAND
AB A program, called BELGI-Cs-2Tops, for fitting the high-resolution torsion-rotation spectra of molecules with two inequivalent methyl rotors and a plane of symmetry at equilibrium is described and applied to methyl acetate [CH3-O-C(=O)-CH3]. The G(18) permutation-inversion group-theoretical considerations (allowed coordinate transformations, symmetry species for the basis set functions and various operators, etc.) used in the design of the program are presented, followed by a description of the structure of the program, which uses an "extreme" principal axis method and a two-step diagonalization procedure. Restriction to molecules belonging to the C-s point group at equilibrium allows the use of real arithmetic throughout the program. This program was used to carry out a weighted least-squares fit of more than 800 new microwave and millimeter-wave measurements on ground-state transitions in methyl acetate, leading to root-mean-square deviations of 4 kHz for the microwave lines and of 40 kHz for the millimeter-wave lines, i.e., to residuals essentially equal to the experimental measurement errors, and to heights for two internal rotation barriers of 102 cm(-1) (acetyl CH3) and 422 cm(-1) (ester CH3). Some of the difficulties in determining molecular parameters for a two-top molecule from a data set containing only torsional ground state information are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tudorie, M.; Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 07, LISA, CNRS IPSL, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France.
[Tudorie, M.; Kleiner, I.] Univ Est, F-94010 Creteil, France.
[Hougen, J. T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Melandri, S.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim G Ciamician, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
[Sutikdja, L. W.; Stahl, W.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys Chem, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
RP Kleiner, I (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, LISA, CNRS IPSL, UMR 7583, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France.
EM isabelle.kleiner@lisa.u-pec.fr
RI Melandri, Sonia/D-9600-2014
OI Melandri, Sonia/0000-0002-0410-5833
FU Land Nordrhein-Westfalen; University of Bologna; MIUR [356 KJX4SN_001];
[ANR-08-BLAN-0054]
FX MT and IK acknowledge the financial support provided by ANR-08-BLAN-0054
during this work. LS and WS thank the Center for Computing and
Communication of the RWTH Aachen University for free computer time and
the Land Nordrhein-Westfalen for funds. They also want to thank Yelin
Bao for her contribution during her research study in the Aachen
workgroup. SM thanks the University of Bologna and MIUR (PRIN08, Project
356 KJX4SN_001) for financial support.
NR 34
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 13
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
EI 1096-083X
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 269
IS 2
BP 211
EP 225
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.07.005
PG 15
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 833VE
UT WOS:000295912200009
ER
PT J
AU Laws, EA
Pei, SF
Bienfang, P
Grant, S
Sunda, WG
AF Laws, Edward A.
Pei, Shaofeng
Bienfang, Paul
Grant, Scott
Sunda, William G.
TI PHOSPHATE-LIMITED GROWTH OF PAVLOVA LUTHERI (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) IN
CONTINUOUS CULTURE: DETERMINATION OF GROWTH-RATE-LIMITING SUBSTRATE
CONCENTRATIONS WITH A SENSITIVE BIOASSAY PROCEDURE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE continuous culture; Michaelis-Menten; Monod; Pavlova lutheri; phosphate
limitation
ID STEADY-STATE GROWTH; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; PHOSPHORUS LIMITATION; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENT
LIMITATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NITROGEN-FIXATION; AMMONIUM UPTAKE
AB The relationship between steady-state growth rate and phosphate concentration was studied for the marine prymnesiophyte Pavlova lutheri (Droop) J. C. Green grown in a chemostat at 22 degrees C under continuous irradiance. A bioassay procedure involving short-term uptake of 10 picomolar spikes of 33 P-labeled phosphate was used to estimate the concentration of phosphate in the growth chamber. The relationship between growth rate and phosphate was well described by a simple rectangular hyperbola with a half-saturation constant of 2.6 nM. The cells were able to take up micromolar spikes of phosphate at rates two to three orders of magnitude higher than steady-state uptake rates. The kinetics of short-term uptake displayed Holling type III behavior, suggesting that P. lutheri may have multiple uptake systems with different half-saturation constants. Chl a:C ratios were linearly related to growth rate and similar to values previously reported for P. lutheri under nitrate-limited conditions. C:N ratios, also linearly related to growth rate, were consistently lower than values reported for P. lutheri under nitrate-limited conditions, a result presumably reflecting luxury assimilation of nitrogen under phosphate-limited conditions. C:P ratios were linearly related to growth rate in a manner consistent with the Droop equation for growth rate versus cellular P:C ratio.
C1 [Laws, Edward A.; Pei, Shaofeng] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Bienfang, Paul; Grant, Scott] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Sunda, William G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Laws, EA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM edlaws@lsu.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0647935, OCE-0647873]
FX This work was supported with funding provided by grants from the
National Science Foundation to E. Laws (OCE 0647935) and to P. Bienfang
(OCE-0647873).
NR 69
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 5
BP 1089
EP 1097
DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01040.x
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 836CD
UT WOS:000296084800015
PM 27020191
ER
PT J
AU Butler, AH
Thompson, DWJ
Birner, T
AF Butler, Amy H.
Thompson, David W. J.
Birner, Thomas
TI Isentropic Slopes, Downgradient Eddy Fluxes, and the Extratropical
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Tropical Tropospheric Heating
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION; PLANETARY-WAVES; DYNAMICAL CORES; STORM-TRACK;
ZONAL INDEX; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; WESTERLIES; TROPOPAUSE;
HEMISPHERE
AB Climate change experiments run on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-class numerical models consistently suggest that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases will lead to a poleward shift of the midlatitude jets and their associated eddy fluxes of heat and potential vorticity (PV). Experiments run on idealized models suggest that the poleward contraction of the jets can be traced to the effects of increased latent heating and thus locally enhanced warming in the tropical troposphere. Here the authors provide new insights into the dynamics of the circulation response to tropical tropospheric heating using transient experiments in an idealized general circulation model.
It is argued that the response of the midlatitude jets to tropical heating is driven fundamentally by 1) the projection of the heating onto the meridional slope of the lower tropospheric isentropic surfaces, and 2) a diffusive model of the eddy fluxes of heat and PV. In the lower and middle troposphere, regions where the meridional slope of the isentropes (i.e., the baroclinicity) is increased are marked by anomalously poleward eddy fluxes of heat, and vice versa. Near the tropopause, regions where the meridional gradients in PV are increased are characterized by anomalously equatorward eddy fluxes of PV, and vice versa. The barotropic component of the response is shown to be closely approximated by the changes in the lower-level heat fluxes. As such, the changes in the eddy fluxes of momentum near the tropopause appear to be driven primarily by the changes in wave generation in the lower troposphere.
C1 [Butler, Amy H.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Thompson, David W. J.; Birner, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Butler, AH (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM amy.butler@noaa.gov
RI Birner, Thomas/A-2108-2008; Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Butler,
Amy/K-6190-2012
OI Birner, Thomas/0000-0002-2966-3428; Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925
FU NSF; EPA STAR
FX We thank R. Alan Plumb, Dennis Hartmann, Dargan Frierson, Ed Gerber,
Gang Chen, Joe Kidston, and Michelle L'Heureux for helpful discussion of
the results. We also thank Jian Lu, one anonymous reviewer, and the JAS
editor for their insightful comments. Thanks to David Randall and Ross
Heikes for use of the CSU AGCM and computing hours at NERSC. David W. J.
Thompson is supported by the NSF Climate Dynamics Program. Amy H. Butler
was supported by the EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship program and the NSF
Climate Dynamics Program for the portion of this work completed at CSU.
NR 36
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
EI 1520-0469
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 10
BP 2292
EP 2305
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-10-05025.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835KG
UT WOS:000296034700008
ER
PT J
AU Lang, SE
Tao, WK
Zeng, XP
Li, YP
AF Lang, Stephen E.
Tao, Wei-Kuo
Zeng, Xiping
Li, Yaping
TI Reducing the Biases in Simulated Radar Reflectivities from a Bulk
Microphysics Scheme: Tropical Convective Systems
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; LATENT HEATING PROFILES; TRMM PR DATA; ADVECTION
TRANSPORT ALGORITHM; SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; 2001 IMPROVE-2 EVENT;
PART I; SQUALL LINE; TOGA-COARE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION
AB A well-known bias common to many bulk microphysics schemes currently being used in cloud-resolving models is the tendency to produce excessively large reflectivity values (e.g., 40 dBZ) in the middle and upper troposphere in simulated convective systems. The Rutledge and Hobbs-based bulk microphysics scheme in the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model is modified to reduce this bias and improve realistic aspects. Modifications include lowering the efficiencies for snow/graupel riming and snow accreting cloud ice; converting less rimed snow to graupel; allowing snow/graupel sublimation; adding rime splintering, immersion freezing, and contact nucleation; replacing the Fletcher formulation for activated ice nuclei with that of Meyers et al.; allowing for ice supersaturation in the saturation adjustment; accounting for ambient RH in the growth of cloud ice to snow; and adding/accounting for cloud ice fall speeds. In addition, size-mapping schemes for snow/graupel were added as functions of temperature and mixing ratio, lowering particle sizes at colder temperatures but allowing larger particles near the melting level and at higher mixing ratios. The modifications were applied to a weakly organized continental case and an oceanic mesoscale convective system (MCS). Strong echoes in the middle and upper troposphere were reduced in both cases. Peak reflectivities agreed well with radar for the weaker land case but, despite improvement, remained too high for the MCS. Reflectivity distributions versus height were much improved versus radar for the less organized land case but not for the MCS despite fewer excessively strong echoes aloft due to a bias toward weaker echoes at storm top.
C1 [Lang, Stephen E.] NASA GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Lang, Stephen E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Zeng, Xiping] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Li, Yaping] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Lang, SE (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM stephen.e.lang@nasa.gov
FU NASA
FX This research was supported by the NASA Precipitation Measuring Mission
(PMM) and the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program. The
authors are grateful to Drs. Ramesh Kakar, Don Anderson, and David B.
Considine at NASA headquarters for their support of this research; to
Drs. Andrew Heymsfield and Derek Posselt and Prof. J.-P. Chen for their
useful suggestions; to Dr. Robert Cifelli for providing the LBA radar
data; and to Dr. Jiundar Chern for carefully checking the code.
Acknowledgment is also made to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and
NASA Ames Research Center computing facilities and to Dr. Tsengdar Lee
at NASA HQ for the computational resources used in this research. We
would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their
constructive comments that improved this paper.
NR 96
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 10
BP 2306
EP 2320
DI 10.1175/JAS-D-10-05000.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835KG
UT WOS:000296034700009
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, KS
Tolimieri, N
Williams, GD
Samhouri, JF
Harvey, CJ
Levin, PS
AF Andrews, Kelly S.
Tolimieri, Nick
Williams, Greg D.
Samhouri, Jameal F.
Harvey, Chris J.
Levin, Phillip S.
TI Comparison of fine-scale acoustic monitoring systems using home range
size of a demersal fish
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEMICOSSYPHUS-PULCHER LABRIDAE; ADULT CALIFORNIA SHEEPHEAD; TAKE MARINE
RESERVE; HABITAT UTILIZATION; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; DIEL MOVEMENT; SITE
FIDELITY; TELEMETRY; ROCKFISH; SPARIDAE
AB We compared the results from fixed acoustic transmitters and transmitters implanted in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus provided by two fine-scale passive acoustic monitoring systems: the older Vemco (c) Radio Acoustic Positioning (VRAP) system and the newer VR2W Positioning System (VPS) with either three or four receivers. The four-receiver VPS method calculated five times more positions of lingcod than VRAP and more than twice as many as the three-receiver VPS. Calculated positions of fixed transmitters were less precise with VRAP than either VPS approach. Measurements of home range for lingcod were similar between the four-receiver VPS and VRAP, which were both greater than the three-receiver VPS. Comparisons varied when lingcod were in/near complex habitats. As new technology develops, it is important to understand how new methods compare to previous methods. This may be important when describing patterns of movement or habitat use in the context of changes in habitat or management efforts.
C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.; Tolimieri, Nick; Williams, Greg D.; Samhouri, Jameal F.; Harvey, Chris J.; Levin, Phillip S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov
RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012;
OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800
NR 23
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 32
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 10
BP 2377
EP 2387
DI 10.1007/s00227-011-1724-5
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 836DR
UT WOS:000296089900021
ER
PT J
AU Perrin, WF
Thieleking, JL
Walker, WA
Archer, FI
Robertson, KM
AF Perrin, William F.
Thieleking, Janet L.
Walker, William A.
Archer, Frederick I.
Robertson, Kelly M.
TI Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in California waters:
Cranial differentiation of coastal and offshore ecotypes
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE osteology; Random Forest; sexual dimorphism; functional morphology;
mtDNA; principal components analysis
ID SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; GENUS TURSIOPS; AERIAL SURVEYS; BODY-SIZE; CETACEANS;
ABUNDANCE; POPULATIONS; DELPHINUS; ATLANTIC; PACIFIC
AB Coastal and offshore bottlenose dolphins in California waters are currently assessed and managed as separate stocks. Recent molecular studies (of mtDNA haplotypes and microsatellites) have shown the two populations to be genetically differentiated. This study investigated cranial osteological differentiation of the forms. The sample analyzed included 139 skulls from live captures, direct takes, fishery bycatch, and strandings; the skulls were assigned to form based on collection locality or mtDNA haplotype. The coastal form differs from the offshore form mainly in features associated with feeding: larger and fewer teeth, more robust rostrum, larger mandibular condyle, and larger temporal fossa. This suggests that it may feed on larger and tougher prey than the offshore form. Differences between the forms in other features of the skull may reflect differences in diving behavior and sound production. Approximately 86% of the stranded specimens were estimated to be of coastal origin; based on relative estimated sizes of the two populations and assuming similar mortality rates, this suggests that a coastal carcass is about 50 times more likely to beach than an offshore one. The morphological differences between the two ecotypes indicate evolutionary adaptation to different environments and emphasize the importance of conserving the relatively small coastal population and its habitat.
C1 [Perrin, William F.; Thieleking, Janet L.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Walker, William A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Archer, Frederick I.; Robertson, Kelly M.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM william.perrin@noaa.gov
FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center [JG133F06SE1889]
FX We thank the curators and collection managers who gave us access to
specimens and permission to extract teeth and bone samples for genetic
analysis (and in some cases took skull measurements for us that we
missed): Maureen Flannery, California Academy of Sciences; James Dines,
David S. Janiger and the late John E. Heyning of the Los Angeles County
Museum; Michelle Berman and Paul Collins of the Santa Barbara Museum of
Natural History; Philip Unitt of the San Diego Natural History Museum;
and James G. Mead and Charles W. Potter of the U. S. National Museum of
Natural History. The stranded dolphins were collected off the beaches by
the authors and Ray Bandar, Cathy Beck, Michelle Berman, Hannah J.
Bernard, Robert L. Brownell, James M. Cotton, Kerri Danil, O. DeMaster,
E. J. Dorfman, Raymond M. Gilmore, Larry J. Hansen, John R. Henderson,
Mike Henshaw, John E. Heyning, Aleta A. Hohn, L. M. Huey, David S.
Janiger, Jerry V. Kashiwada, Jay Kirkland, Mark S. Lowry, Tom D. Lewis,
D. Luhrs, Edward D. Mitchell, S. F. Mochel, W. T. Norman, Kelly
Robertson (Peltier), Charles M. Scammon, B. K. Seavey, J. Gurney Stoebe,
Lee B. Vanderveld, and others whose names were not recorded. The
manuscript was reviewed by Tomo Eguchi and David Weller, who offered
useful suggestions for its improvement. Support for WAW was provided by
the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (Order JG133F06SE1889).
NR 56
TC 16
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
EI 1748-7692
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 4
BP 769
EP 792
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00442.x
PG 24
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 834DC
UT WOS:000295938200013
ER
PT J
AU Barlow, J
Calambokidis, J
Falcone, EA
Baker, CS
Burdin, AM
Clapham, PJ
Ford, JKB
Gabriele, CM
LeDuc, R
Mattila, DK
Quinn, TJ
Rojas-Bracho, L
Straley, JM
Taylor, BL
Urban, J
Wade, P
Weller, D
Witteveen, BH
Yamaguchi, M
AF Barlow, Jay
Calambokidis, John
Falcone, Erin A.
Baker, C. Scott
Burdin, Alexander M.
Clapham, Phillip J.
Ford, John K. B.
Gabriele, Christine M.
LeDuc, Richard
Mattila, David K.
Quinn, Terrance J., II
Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo
Straley, Janice M.
Taylor, Barbara L.
Urban R., Jorge
Wade, Paul
Weller, David
Witteveen, Briana H.
Yamaguchi, Manami
TI Humpback whale abundance in the North Pacific estimated by photographic
capture-recapture with bias correction from simulation studies
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; North Pacific; abundance;
photo-identification; capture-recapture; bias; simulation model
ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS;
ISLANDS; ALASKA; MOVEMENT; OCEAN
AB We estimated the abundance of humpback whales in the North Pacific by capture-recapture methods using over 18,000 fluke identification photographs collected in 2004-2006. Our best estimate of abundance was 21,808 (CV = 0.04). We estimated the biases in this value using a simulation model. Births and deaths, which violate the assumption of a closed population, resulted in a bias of +5.2%, exclusion of calves in samples resulted in a bias of -10.5%, failure to achieve random geographic sampling resulted in a bias of -0.4%, and missed matches resulted in a bias of +9.3%. Known sex-biased sampling favoring males in breeding areas did not add significant bias if both sexes are proportionately sampled in the feeding areas. Our best estimate of abundance was 21,063 after accounting for a net bias of +3.5%. This estimate is likely to be lower than the true abundance due to two additional sources of bias: individual heterogeneity in the probability of being sampled (unquantified) and the likely existence of an unknown and unsampled breeding area (-8.7%). Results confirm that the overall humpback whale population in the North Pacific has continued to increase and is now greater than some prior estimates of prewhaling abundance.
C1 [Barlow, Jay; LeDuc, Richard; Taylor, Barbara L.; Weller, David] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Calambokidis, John; Falcone, Erin A.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Burdin, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia.
[Clapham, Phillip J.; Wade, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Ford, John K. B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
[Gabriele, Christine M.] Glacier Bay Natl Pk, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA.
[Mattila, David K.] Natl Marine Sanctuary, Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale, Kihei, HI 96753 USA.
[Quinn, Terrance J., II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] CICESE, Inst Nacl Ecol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico.
[Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA.
[Urban R., Jorge] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, La Paz 23081, Baja California, Mexico.
[Witteveen, Briana H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
[Yamaguchi, Manami] Ogasawara Marine Ctr, Tokyo 10021, Japan.
RP Barlow, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM jay.barlow@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Fisheries Service; NOAA National Marine Sanctuary; National Fish
and Wildlife Foundation; Pacific Life Foundation; Fisheries and Oceans
Canada; Commission for Environmental Cooperation
FX Photographic sampling for the SPLASH project was accomplished by over
400 dedicated humpback whale researchers representing more than 50
research groups throughout the North Pacific; a full list of
photographic contributors is included in Appendix A of the supplemental
online material. Funding and other support were provided by the NOAA
Fisheries Service, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program, National Fish
and Wildlife Foundation, Pacific Life Foundation, Fisheries and Oceans
Canada, and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Initial
matching and data processing for regional collections were primarily
done by Jennifer Cedarleaf, Holly Fearnbach, Ursula Gonzalez, Alan
Ligon, and Cornelia Oedekoven. Matching of the SPLASH photographs
received from regional coordinators took place at Cascadia Research by
Andrea Bendlin, Dominique Camacho, Kiirsten Flynn, Andrea Havron,
Jessica Huggins, and Nora Maloney. This report was improved by the
comments and suggestions of Gretchen Steiger and Aly Fleming. Field work
in Mexico was done under permits of the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y
Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT). Map graphics were produced by Jim
Carretta.
NR 45
TC 33
Z9 35
U1 3
U2 30
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 4
BP 793
EP 818
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00444.x
PG 26
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 834DC
UT WOS:000295938200014
ER
PT J
AU Paliza, O
Aguayo, LA
Van Waerebeek, K
Bannister, J
Best, P
Perrin, WF
AF Paliza, Obla
Aguayo, Anelio L.
Van Waerebeek, Koen
Bannister, John
Best, Peter
Perrin, William F.
TI DR. ROBERT HENRY CLARKE 1919-2011 Memory
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 [Aguayo, Anelio L.] Inst Antartico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.
[Van Waerebeek, Koen] Ctr Peruano Estudios Cetol CEPEC, Lima, Peru.
[Bannister, John] Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, WA 6081, Australia.
[Best, Peter] Univ Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Iziko S African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Paliza, O (reprint author), Apartado 40, Pisco, Peru.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 4
BP 899
EP 903
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00535.x
PG 5
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 834DC
UT WOS:000295938200021
ER
PT J
AU Baird, RW
Schorr, GS
Webster, DL
McSweeney, DJ
Hanson, MB
Andrews, RD
AF Baird, Robin W.
Schorr, Gregory S.
Webster, Daniel L.
McSweeney, Dan J.
Hanson, M. Bradley
Andrews, Russel D.
TI Movements of two satellite-tagged pygmy killer whales (Feresa attenuata)
off the island of Hawai'i
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSOCIATION PATTERNS; PSEUDORCA-CRASSIDENS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SITE
FIDELITY; DOLPHIN
C1 [Baird, Robin W.; Schorr, Gregory S.; Webster, Daniel L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
[McSweeney, Dan J.] Wild Whale Res Fdn, Holualoa, HI 96725 USA.
[Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA.
RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA.
EM rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org
FU U.S. Navy via the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of NOAA Fisheries
[N45]; U.S. Navy via Naval Postgraduate School [N45]; Dolphin Quest
FX Funding for field work was provided by the U.S. Navy (N45) via the
Southwest Fisheries Science Center of NOAA Fisheries and the Naval
Postgraduate School. Funding for satellite tags was provided by Dolphin
Quest. We thank Masa Ushioda and Deron Verbeck for providing
identification photos of both individuals, Sabre Mahaffy for matching
tagged whales and their companions to our photo-identification catalog,
Damon Holzer for GIS processing of the location data, and Joe Mobley and
two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Research
was undertaken under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No. 731-1774 issued
to RWB.
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 4
BP E332
EP E337
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00458.x
PG 6
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 834DC
UT WOS:000295938200006
ER
PT J
AU Huff, DD
Miller, LM
Chizinski, CJ
Vondracek, B
AF Huff, David D.
Miller, Loren M.
Chizinski, Christopher J.
Vondracek, Bruce
TI Mixed-source reintroductions lead to outbreeding depression in
second-generation descendents of a native North American fish
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cottus; fish conservation; fitness; hybridization; sculpin;
translocation
ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN STREAM; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MOTTLED SCULPIN;
COTTUS-GOBIO; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ENERGY ACQUISITION; WILD POPULATIONS;
MENIDIA-MENIDIA; GENETIC RESCUE; RAINBOW-TROUT
AB Reintroductions are commonly employed to preserve intraspecific biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. However, reintroduced populations are frequently smaller and more geographically isolated than native populations. Mixing genetically, divergent sources are often proposed to attenuate potentially low genetic diversity in reintroduced populations that may result from small effective population sizes. However, a possible negative tradeoff for mixing sources is outbreeding depression in hybrid offspring. We examined the consequences of mixed-source reintroductions on several fitness surrogates at nine slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) reintroduction sites in south-east Minnesota. We inferred the relative fitness of each crosstype in the reintroduced populations by comparing their growth rate, length, weight, body condition and persistence in reintroduced populations. Pure strain descendents from a single source population persisted in a greater proportion than expected in the reintroduced populations, whereas all other crosstypes occurred in a lesser proportion. Length, weight and growth rate were lower for second-generation intra-population hybrid descendents than for pure strain and first-generation hybrids. In the predominant pure strain, young-of the-year size was significantly greater than any other crosstype. Our results suggested that differences in fitness surrogates among crosstypes were consistent with disrupted co-adapted gene complexes associated with beneficial adaptations in these reintroduced populations. Future reintroductions may be improved by evaluating the potential for local adaptation in source populations or by avoiding the use of mixed sources by default when information on local adaptations or other genetic characteristics is lacking.
C1 [Huff, David D.; Miller, Loren M.; Chizinski, Christopher J.; Vondracek, Bruce] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
RP Huff, DD (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM david.huff@noaa.gov
RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Chizinski, Christopher/G-6306-2011;
OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Miller, Loren/0000-0002-5482-2152;
Chizinski, Christopher/0000-0001-9294-2588
FU Austen Cargill II; Graduate School of the University of Minnesota; U.S.
Geological Survey; Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Wildlife
Management Institute; U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units;
University of Minnesota
FX We would like to thank Ray Newman, Eric Merten, Karen Oberhauser, Andrew
Simons and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the
manuscript. We also thank Jason Breeggemann for assistance with otolith
analysis, and Lorissa Fujishin and Keith Barker for microsatellite
marker development. Thanks also to Vaughn Snook and Minnesota Department
of Natural Resources personnel for providing technical support and
resources for the project. Funding was provided by a fellowship from
Austen Cargill II; a doctoral dissertation fellowship by the Graduate
School of the University of Minnesota; and the Minnesota Department of
Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Research Units
Program. The Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is
jointly sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey, University of
Minnesota, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, and Wildlife
Management Institute. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for
descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
NR 89
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 6
U2 53
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 20
BP 4246
EP 4258
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05271.x
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 838GJ
UT WOS:000296275100005
PM 21917046
ER
PT J
AU De Pondeca, MSFV
Manikin, GS
DiMego, G
Benjamin, SG
Parrish, DF
Purser, RJ
Wu, WS
Horel, JD
Myrick, DT
Lin, Y
Aune, RM
Keyser, D
Colman, B
Mann, G
Vavra, J
AF De Pondeca, Manuel S. F. V.
Manikin, Geoffrey S.
DiMego, Geoff
Benjamin, Stanley G.
Parrish, David F.
Purser, R. James
Wu, Wan-Shu
Horel, John D.
Myrick, David T.
Lin, Ying
Aune, Robert M.
Keyser, Dennis
Colman, Brad
Mann, Greg
Vavra, Jamie
TI The Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis at NOAA's National Centers for
Environmental Prediction: Current Status and Development
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; RECURSIVE FILTERS;
NUMERICAL ASPECTS; FORECAST BIAS; COVARIANCES; REANALYSIS
AB In 2006, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) implemented the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) in collaboration with the Earth System Research Laboratory and the National Environmental, Satellite, and Data Information Service (NESDIS). In this work, a description of the RTMA applied to the 5-km resolution conterminous U.S. grid of the National Digital Forecast Database is given. Its two-dimensional variational data assimilation (2DVAR) component used to analyze near-surface observations is described in detail, and a brief discussion of the remapping of the NCEP stage II quantitative precipitation amount and NESDIS Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sounder effective cloud amount to the 5-km grid is offered. Terrain-following background error covariances are used with the 2DVAR approach, which produces gridded fields of 2-m temperature, 2-m specific humidity, 2-m dewpoint, 10-m U and V wind components, and surface pressure. The estimate of the analysis uncertainty via the Lanczos method is briefly described. The strength of the 2DVAR is illustrated by (i) its ability to analyze a June 2007 cold temperature pool over the Washington, D.C., area; (ii) its fairly good analysis of a December 2008 mid-Atlantic region high-wind event that started from a very weak first guess; and (iii) its successful recovery of the finescale moisture features in a January 2010 case study over southern California. According to a cross-validation analysis for a 15-day period during November 2009, root-mean-square error improvements over the first guess range from 16% for wind speed to 45% for specific humidity.
C1 [De Pondeca, Manuel S. F. V.; Manikin, Geoffrey S.; DiMego, Geoff; Parrish, David F.; Purser, R. James; Wu, Wan-Shu; Lin, Ying; Keyser, Dennis] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[De Pondeca, Manuel S. F. V.; Purser, R. James] IMSG, Washington, DC USA.
[Benjamin, Stanley G.] NOAA NWS ESRL GSD, Boulder, CO USA.
[Horel, John D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Myrick, David T.] NOAA NWS Western Reg Headquarters, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Aune, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA.
[Colman, Brad] NOAA NWS, Seattle, WA USA.
[Mann, Greg] NOAA NWS, Detroit, MI USA.
[Vavra, Jamie] NOAA NWS OST, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP De Pondeca, MSFV (reprint author), NOAA Sci Ctr, Rm 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM manuel.pondeca@noaa.gov
RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Aune, Robert/F-5572-2010
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Aune, Robert/0000-0002-7778-2739
FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
FX We thank Drs. Joshua Watson, Dave Radell, and Steven Lazarus for their
many contributions to this project. This research is, in part, in
response to requirements and funding by the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA). The views expressed are those of the authors and
do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the FAA.
NR 37
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 593
EP 612
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05037.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400001
ER
PT J
AU Rozoff, CM
Kossin, JP
AF Rozoff, Christopher M.
Kossin, James P.
TI New Probabilistic Forecast Models for the Prediction of Tropical Cyclone
Rapid Intensification
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE VERTICAL MOTIONS; NORTH PACIFIC BASINS; SCHEME SHIPS; INTENSE
HURRICANES; ATLANTIC BASIN; INNER-CORE; PART I; BUOYANCY
AB The National Hurricane Center currently employs a skillful probabilistic rapid intensification index (RII) based on linear discriminant analysis of the environmental and satellite-derived features from the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) dataset. Probabilistic prediction of rapid intensity change in tropical cyclones is revisited here using two additional models: one based on logistic regression and the other on a naive Bayesian framework. Each model incorporates data from the SHIPS dataset over both the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific Ocean basins to provide the probability of exceeding the standard rapid intensification thresholds [25, 30, and 35 kt (24 h)(-1)] for 24 h into the future. The optimal SHIPS and satellite-based predictors of rapid intensification differ slightly between each probabilistic model and ocean basin, but each set of optimal predictors incorporates thermodynamic and dynamic aspects of the tropical cyclone's environment (such as vertical wind shear) and its structure (such as departure from convective axisymmetry). Cross validation shows that both the logistic regression and Bayesian probabilistic models are skillful relative to climatology. Dependent testing indicates both models exhibit forecast skill that generally exceeds the skill of the present operational SHIPS-RII and a simple average of the probabilities provided by the logistic regression, Bayesian, and SHIPS-Rh I models provides greater skill than any individual model. For the rapid intensification threshold of 25 kt (24 h)(-1), the three-member ensemble mean improves the Brier skill scores of the current operational SHIPS-RII by 33% in the North Atlantic and 52% in the eastern North Pacific.
C1 [Rozoff, Christopher M.; Kossin, James P.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Kossin, James P.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Rozoff, CM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM chris.rozoff@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016
OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794
FU NOAA [NA06NES4400002]; NOAA's National Climatic Data Center
FX We are grateful to John Kaplan, Mark DeMaria, and John Knaff for their
helpful discussions and for kindly sharing essential data from their
rapid intensification prediction model. Careful reviews by Mark DeMaria,
John Knaff, John Bates, and Edward Kearns have also led to substantial
improvements in this manuscript. Discussions with Matt Sitkowski and
Chris Velden have benefited this research as well. This research was
supported by NOAA Grant NA06NES4400002 and NOAA's National Climatic Data
Center.
NR 32
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 677
EP 689
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05059.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400006
ER
PT J
AU Sobash, RA
Kain, JS
Bright, DR
Dean, AR
Coniglio, MC
Weiss, SJ
AF Sobash, Ryan A.
Kain, John S.
Bright, David R.
Dean, Andrew R.
Coniglio, Michael C.
Weiss, Steven J.
TI Probabilistic Forecast Guidance for Severe Thunderstorms Based on the
Identification of Extreme Phenomena in Convection-Allowing Model
Forecasts
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID SEVERE WEATHER REPORTS; VERIFICATION METHODS; UNITED-STATES; WRF MODEL;
PREDICTION; ENSEMBLES; SYSTEM
AB With the advent of convection-allowing NWP models (CAMs) comes the potential for new forms of forecast guidance. While CAMs lack the required resolution to simulate many severe phenomena associated with convection (e.g., large hail, downburst winds, and tornadoes), they can still provide unique guidance for the occurrence of these phenomena if "extreme" patterns of behavior in simulated storms are strongly correlated with observed severe phenomena. This concept is explored using output from a series of CAM forecasts generated on a daily basis during the spring of 2008. This output is mined for the presence of extreme values of updraft helicity (UH), a diagnostic field used to identify supercellular storms. Extreme values of the UH field are flagged as simulated "surrogate" severe weather reports and the spatial correspondence between these surrogate reports and actual observed severe reports is determined. In addition, probabilistic forecasts [surrogate severe probabilistic forecasts (SSPFs)] are created from each field's simulated surrogate severe reports using a Gaussian smoother. The simulated surrogate reports are capable of reproducing the seasonal climatology observed within the field of actual reports. The SSPFs created from the surrogates are verified using ROC curves and reliability diagrams and the sensitivity of the verification metrics to the smoothing parameter in the Gaussian distribution is tested. The SSPFs produce reliable forecast probabilities with minimal calibration. These results demonstrate that a relatively straightforward postprocessing procedure, which focuses on the characteristics of explicitly predicted convective entities, can provide reliable severe weather forecast guidance. It is anticipated that this technique will be even more valuable when implemented within a convection-allowing ensemble forecasting system.
C1 [Sobash, Ryan A.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Kain, John S.; Coniglio, Michael C.] NOAA OAR Nat Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
[Bright, David R.] NOAA NCEP Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA.
[Dean, Andrew R.; Weiss, Steven J.] NOAA NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Sobash, RA (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 4340B, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM rsobash@ou.edu
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce
FX Interactions with scientists and forecasters during the 2008-2010
NOAA/HWT Spring Experiments were instrumental in developing the SSPF
technique. We also acknowledge Dr. Harold Brooks for providing a
critique of the SSPF verification methods. Funding was provided by
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 30
TC 26
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 714
EP 728
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05046.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400009
ER
PT J
AU Togstad, WE
Davies, JM
Corfidi, SJ
Bright, DR
Dean, AR
AF Togstad, William E.
Davies, Jonathan M.
Corfidi, Sarah J.
Bright, David R.
Dean, Andrew R.
TI Conditional Probability Estimation for Significant Tornadoes Based on
Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) Profiles
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID FORECAST PARAMETERS; SUPERCELL; BOUNDARIES; ENVIRONMENTS; EVOLUTION;
LEVEL
AB Recent literature has identified several supercell/tornado forecast parameters in common use that are operationally beneficial in assessing environments supportive of supercell tornadoes. These parameters are utilized in the computation of tornado forecast guidance such as the significant tornado parameter (STP), a dimensionless parameter developed at the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) that applies a subjectively chosen scale. The goal of this research is to determine if useful logistic regression equations can be developed to estimate the conditional probability of supercell tornadoes that are categorized as level 2 or stronger on the enhanced Fujita scale (EF) when a similar set of environmental background parameters is applied as variables. A large database of Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) analysis soundings in proximity to a representative sample of tornadic and nontornadic supercells over the central and eastern United States, a number of which were associated with EF2 or stronger tornadoes, was used to compute supercell tornado forecast parameters similar to those in the original version of STP. Three logistic regression equations were developed from this database, two of which are described and analyzed in detail. Statistical verification for both equations was accomplished using independent data from 2008 in proximity to supercell storms identified by staff at SPC. A recent version of the STP was utilized as a comparison diagnostic to accomplish part of the statistical verification. The results of this research suggest that output from both logistic regression equations can provide valuable guidance in a probabilistic sense, when adjustments are made for the ongoing convective mode. Case studies presented also suggest that this guidance can provide information complementary to STP in severe weather situations with potential for supercell tornadoes.
C1 [Corfidi, Sarah J.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA.
[Bright, David R.] NCEP AWC, Kansas City, MO USA.
[Dean, Andrew R.] NOAA Stornz Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA.
RP Togstad, WE (reprint author), 4908 Aspasia Ln, Edina, MN 55435 USA.
EM wtogstad@comcast.net
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 729
EP 743
DI 10.1175/2011WAF2222440.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400010
ER
PT J
AU Elmore, KL
AF Elmore, Kimberly L.
TI The NSSL Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm in Winter Surface
Precipitation: Evaluation and Future Development
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID POLARIZATION RADAR MEASUREMENTS; WSR-88D
AB The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) has developed a hydrometeor classification algorithm (HCA) for use with the polarimetric upgrade of the current Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network. The algorithm was developed specifically for warm-season convection, but it will run regardless of season, and so its performance on surface precipitation type during winter events is examined here. The HCA output is compared with collocated (in time and space) observations of precipitation type provided by the public. The Peirce skill score (PSS) shows that the NSSL HCA applied to winter surface precipitation displays little skill, with a PSS of only 0.115. Further analysis indicates that HCA failures are strongly linked to the inability of HCA to accommodate refreezing below the first freezing level and to errors in the melting-level detection algorithm. Entrants in the 2009 American Meteorological Society second annual artificial intelligence competition developed classification methods that yield a PSS of 0.35 using a subset of available radar data merged with limited environmental data. Thus, when polarimetric radar data and environmental data are appropriately combined, more information about winter surface precipitation type is available than from either data source alone.
C1 [Elmore, Kimberly L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Elmore, KL (reprint author), NSSL, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM kim.elmore@noaa.gov
FU High Performance Computing and Communications Office of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; FAA Aviation Weather Research
Program through Interagency Agreement [DTFAWA-08-Z-80002]
FX John Krause provided the HCA classifications based on the most recent
algorithm and provided invaluable insight about the inner workings of
the NSSL HCA. Vicki Farmer developed the Worldwide Web interface used
for collecting the public observations. Terry Schuur generously gave his
time and expertise with patient explanations and diligent calibration of
KOUN data. Alexander Ryzhkov and Dusan Zrnic patiently answered
questions and made many useful comments. Heather Reeves and V.
Lakshmanan provided very helpful comments. Paul Schlatter and two
anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions for improvement. This
work was supported in part by the High Performance Computing and
Communications Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, and also by the FAA Aviation Weather Research Program
through Interagency Agreement DTFAWA-08-Z-80002.
NR 28
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 756
EP 765
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05011.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400012
ER
PT J
AU Franklin, JL
AF Franklin, James L.
TI Comments on "Estimating Maximum Surface Winds from Hurricane
Reconnaissance Measurements"
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID GPS DROPWINDSONDE
C1 [Franklin, James L.] NOAA NWS NCEP Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
RP Franklin, JL (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM james.franklin@noaa.gov
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 774
EP 776
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05001.1
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400014
ER
PT J
AU Powell, MD
Uhlhorn, EW
Kepert, JD
AF Powell, Mark D.
Uhlhorn, Eric W.
Kepert, Jeffrey D.
TI Comments on "Estimating Maximum Surface Winds from Hurricane
Reconnaissance Measurements" Reply
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE CORE; BOUNDARY-LAYER JETS; PART I; DYNAMICS
C1 [Powell, Mark D.; Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Kepert, Jeffrey D.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Powell, MD (reprint author), FSU COAPS, 2035 E Paul Dirac Dr,200 RM Johnson Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM mark.powell@noaa.gov
RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013; Kepert, Jeffrey/I-6786-2013; Uhlhorn,
Eric/B-1336-2014
OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945; Kepert, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6771-0769;
Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 5
BP 777
EP 779
DI 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05054.1
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 834FI
UT WOS:000295944400015
ER
PT J
AU Zuzak, KJ
Francis, RP
Wehner, EF
Litorja, M
Cadeddu, JA
Livingstont, EH
AF Zuzak, Karel J.
Francis, Robert P.
Wehner, Eleanor F.
Litorja, Maritoni
Cadeddu, Jeffrey A.
Livingstont, Edward H.
TI Active DLP Hyperspectral Illumination: A Noninvasive, in Vivo, System
Characterization Visualizing Tissue Oxygenation at Near Video Rates
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; DIABETIC FOOT; NITRIC-OXIDE; PERFUSION
AB We report use of a novel hyperspectral imaging system utilizing digital light processing (DLP) technology to noninvasively visualize in vivo tissue oxygenation during surgical procedures. The system's novelty resides in its method of illuminating tissue with precisely predetermined continuous complex spectra. The Texas Instruments digital micromirror device, DMD, chip consisting of 768 by 1024 mirrors, each 16 mu m square, can be switched between two positions at 12.5 kHz. Switching the appropriate mirrors controls the intensity of light illuminating the tissue as a function of wavelength, active spectral illumination. Meaning, the tissue can be illuminated with a different spectrum of light within 80 mu s. Precisely, predetermined spectral illumination penetrates into patient tissue, its chemical composition augments the spectral properties of the light, and its reflected spectra are detected and digitized at each pixel detector of a silicon charge-coupled device, CCD. Using complex spectral illumination, digital signal processing and chemometric methods produce chemically relevant images at near video rates. Specific to this work, tissue is illuminated spectrally with light spanning the visible electromagnetic spectrum (380 to 780 nm). Spectrophotometric images are detected and processed visualizing the percentage of oxyhemoglobin at each pixel detector and presented continuously, in real time, at 3 images per second. As a proof of principle application, kidneys of four live anesthetized pigs were imaged before, during, and after renal vascular occlusion. DLP Hyperspectral Imaging with active spectral illumination detected a 64.73 +/- 1.5% drop in the oxygenation of hemoglobin within 30 s of renal arterial occlusion. Producing chemically encoded images at near video rate, time-resolved hyperspectral imaging facilitates monitoring renal blood flow during animal surgery and holds considerable promise for doing the same during human surgical interventions.
C1 [Zuzak, Karel J.; Cadeddu, Jeffrey A.; Livingstont, Edward H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
[Zuzak, Karel J.; Francis, Robert P.; Wehner, Eleanor F.; Livingstont, Edward H.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
[Zuzak, Karel J.] DLi, Austin, TX 78759 USA.
[Francis, Robert P.] Raytheon Elcan Opt Technol, Richardson, TX 75081 USA.
[Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zuzak, KJ (reprint author), DLi, 4501 Spicewood Springs Rd,Suite 1000, Austin, TX 78759 USA.
EM kzuzak@DLinnovations.com
FU University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Energy
FX Texas Instruments is acknowledged for providing major funding for
developing the DLP Hyperspectral Imaging System. DLP and the DLP logo
are registered trademarks of Texas Instruments. Further funding was also
provided by the Hudson-Penn endowment and the Smith endowments located
at the University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center. Finally, the
study was supported in part by Federal funding from the Department of
Energy to the University of Texas at Arlington.
NR 32
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 19
BP 7424
EP 7430
DI 10.1021/ac201467v
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 825SY
UT WOS:000295303600028
PM 21842837
ER
PT J
AU Yan, RQ
Gao, RX
AF Yan, Ruqiang
Gao, Robert X.
TI An Introduction to Complexity Measure: Non-linear Statistical Parameters
in Measurements Part 35 in a series of tutorials on instrumentation and
measurement
SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
ID APPROXIMATE ENTROPY; TOOL
C1 [Yan, Ruqiang] Southeast Univ, Sch Instrument Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
[Yan, Ruqiang] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Yan, Ruqiang] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
[Gao, Robert X.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA.
RP Yan, RQ (reprint author), Southeast Univ, Sch Instrument Sci & Engn, Nanjing, Peoples R China.
EM ruqiang@seu.edu.cn; RGao@engr.uconn.edu
RI Yan, Ruqiang/A-9776-2012; Gao, Robert/O-9339-2014
OI Yan, Ruqiang/0000-0003-4341-6535;
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1094-6969
EI 1941-0123
J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG
JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 14
IS 5
BP 27
EP 35
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 832HC
UT WOS:000295793600005
ER
PT J
AU Lombardi, MA
AF Lombardi, Michael A.
TI recalibration The Evolution of Time Measurement, Part 2: Quartz Clocks
SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL CLOCK
C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1094-6969
J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG
JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 14
IS 5
BP 41
EP 49
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 832HC
UT WOS:000295793600007
ER
PT J
AU Moore, JE
Barlow, J
AF Moore, Jeffrey E.
Barlow, Jay
TI Bayesian state-space model of fin whale abundance trends from a
1991-2008 time series of line-transect surveys in the California Current
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Balaenoptera physalus; cetacean density; distance sampling; hierarchical
modelling; multi-model inference
ID IMPERFECT DETECTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; CONSERVATION;
POPULATIONS; CETACEANS
AB 1. Estimating temporal trends in animal abundance is central to ecology and conservation, but obtaining useful trend estimates is challenging when animal detection rates vary across surveys (e.g. because of differences in observers or conditions). Methods exist for obtaining abundance estimates using capture-recapture and distance sampling protocols, but only recently have some of these been extended to allow direct estimation of abundance trends when detection rates vary. Extensions to distance sampling for > 2 surveys have not yet been demonstrated.
2. We demonstrate a Bayesian approach for estimating abundance and population trends, using a time series of line-transect data for endangered fin whales Balaenoptera physalus off the west coast of the United States. We use a hierarchical model to partition state and observation processes. Population density is modelled as a function of covariates and random process terms, while observed counts are modelled as an overdispersed Poisson process with rates estimated as a function of population density and detection probability, which is modelled using distance sampling theory. We used Deviance Information Criteria to make multi-model inference about abundance and trend estimates.
3. Bayesian posterior distributions for trend parameters provide strong evidence of increasing fin whale abundance in the California Current study area from 1991 to 2008, while individual abundance estimates during survey years were considerably more precise than previously reported estimates using the same data. Assuming no change in underlying population dynamics, we predict continued increases in fin whale numbers over the next decade. Our abundance projections account for both sampling error in parameter estimates and process variance in annual abundance about the mean trend.
4. Synthesis and applications. Bayesian hierarchical modelling offers numerous benefits for analysing animal abundance trends. In our case, these included its implicit handling of sampling covariance, flexibility to accommodate random effects and covariates, ability to compare trend models of different functional forms and ability to partition sampling and process error to make predictions. Ultimately, by placing distance sampling within a more general hierarchical framework, we obtained more precise abundance estimates and an inference about fin whale trends that would have otherwise been difficult.
C1 [Moore, Jeffrey E.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Moore, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM jeff.e.moore@noaa.gov
NR 40
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 3
U2 37
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8901
EI 1365-2664
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 5
BP 1195
EP 1205
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02018.x
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 823BA
UT WOS:000295095100015
ER
PT J
AU Koseski, RP
Osborn, WA
Stranick, SJ
DelRio, FW
Vaudin, MD
Dao, T
Adams, VH
Cook, RF
AF Koseski, Ryan P.
Osborn, William A.
Stranick, Stephan J.
DelRio, Frank W.
Vaudin, Mark D.
Thuy Dao
Adams, Vance H.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Micro-scale measurement and modeling of stress in silicon surrounding a
tungsten-filled through-silicon via
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTEGRATION; TECHNOLOGY; INTERCONNECTS; COST; VIAS; GAP
AB The stress in silicon surrounding a tungsten-filled through-silicon via (TSV) is measured using confocal Raman microscopy line scans across the TSV both before and after etch removal of an oxide stack used as a mask to define the TSV during fabrication. Stress in the silicon arose in response to both athermal deposition and thermal expansion mismatch effects. The complex three-dimensional stress and strain field in silicon surrounding the TSV is modeled using finite element analysis, taking into account both athermal and thermal effects and the elastic anisotropy of silicon. Comparison of the measurements and model results shows that no one component of the stress tensor correlates with the Raman peak shift generated by the deformed silicon. An analysis is developed to predict the Raman shift in deformed silicon that takes into account all the components of the stress or strain tensor; the results of the model are then used as inputs to the analysis for direct comparison with measured peak shifts as a function of distance from the TSV. Good agreement between the measured and predicted peak shifts is obtained for the case of the intact oxide stack. A discrepancy between the measured and predicted shifts was observed adjacent to the TSV with the oxide stack removed; further modeling suggests the discrepancy is explained by the formation of a small void at the TSV-silicon interface during etching. The combined measurement-modeling approach serves to both validate the model, in this case for TSV design, and to extend the measurement capability of confocal Raman microscopy to complex stress fields. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3644971]
C1 [Koseski, Ryan P.; Osborn, William A.; DelRio, Frank W.; Vaudin, Mark D.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Osborn, William A.] NIST, Surface & Microanalysis Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Thuy Dao; Adams, Vance H.] RF Analog & Sensor Grp, Austin, TX 78735 USA.
RP Osborn, WA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM william.osborn@nist.gov
RI Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012
NR 36
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 110
IS 7
AR 073517
DI 10.1063/1.3644971
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 833KE
UT WOS:000295883000038
ER
PT J
AU Gent, PR
Danabasoglu, G
Donner, LJ
Holland, MM
Hunke, EC
Jayne, SR
Lawrence, DM
Neale, RB
Rasch, PJ
Vertenstein, M
Worley, PH
Yang, ZL
Zhang, MH
AF Gent, Peter R.
Danabasoglu, Gokhan
Donner, Leo J.
Holland, Marika M.
Hunke, Elizabeth C.
Jayne, Steve R.
Lawrence, David M.
Neale, Richard B.
Rasch, Philip J.
Vertenstein, Mariana
Worley, Patrick H.
Yang, Zong-Liang
Zhang, Minghua
TI The Community Climate System Model Version 4
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; MIXED-LAYER; CCSM3;
PARAMETERIZATION; 20TH-CENTURY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY;
CONVECTION
AB The fourth version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) was recently completed and released to the climate community. This paper describes developments to all CCSM components, and documents fully coupled preindustrial control runs compared to the previous version, CCSM3. Using the standard atmosphere and land resolution of 1 degrees results in the sea surface temperature biases in the major upwelling regions being comparable to the 1.4 degrees-resolution CCSM3. Two changes to the deep convection scheme in the atmosphere component result in CCSM4 producing El Nino-Southern Oscillation variability with a much more realistic frequency distribution than in CCSM3, although the amplitude is too large compared to observations. These changes also improve the Madden-Julian oscillation and the frequency distribution of tropical precipitation. A new overflow parameterization in the ocean component leads to an improved simulation of the Gulf Stream path and the North Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation. Changes to the CCSM4 land component lead to a much improved annual cycle of water storage, especially in the tropics. The CCSM4 sea ice component uses much more realistic albedos than CCSM3, and for several reasons the Arctic sea ice concentration is improved in CCSM4. An ensemble of twentieth-century simulations produces a good match to the observed September Arctic sea ice extent from 1979 to 2005. The CCSM4 ensemble mean increase in globally averaged surface temperature between 1850 and 2005 is larger than the observed increase by about 0.4 degrees C. This is consistent with the fact that CCSM4 does not include a representation of the indirect effects of aerosols, although other factors may come into play. The CCSM4 still has significant biases, such as the mean precipitation distribution in the tropical Pacific Ocean, too much low cloud in the Arctic, and the latitudinal distributions of shortwave and longwave cloud forcings.
C1 [Gent, Peter R.; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Holland, Marika M.; Lawrence, David M.; Neale, Richard B.; Vertenstein, Mariana] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Donner, Leo J.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Hunke, Elizabeth C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Jayne, Steve R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Rasch, Philip J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Worley, Patrick H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Yang, Zong-Liang] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Gent, PR (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM gent@ucar.edu
RI Yang, Zong-Liang/B-4916-2011; Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011
OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023
FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Los Alamos
National Laboratory; Biological and Environmental Research division of
the DOE Office of Science; DOE National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Science; DOE by Battelle Memorial
Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Climate Change Research Division of the
Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of
Science; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, in the DOE
Office of Science [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Byron Boville, who worked on
the development of all CCSM versions, but did not live long enough to
see CCSM4 completed. Jay Fein has been a very strong supporter of the
CCSM project since its inception. Thanks and best wishes to Jay upon his
retirement from the atmospheric sciences section at the National Science
Foundation, which sponsors NCAR and the CCSM Project. The project is
also sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Thanks are also
due to the many other software engineers and scientists who worked on
developing CCSM4, and to the Computational and Information Systems
Laboratory at NCAR, which provided the computing resources through the
Climate Simulation Laboratory. Hunke was supported within the Climate,
Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling project at Los Alamos National Laboratory,
which is funded by the Biological and Environmental Research division of
the DOE Office of Science. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is
operated by the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under
Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Rasch was supported by the DOE Office of
Science, Earth System Modeling Program, which is part of the DOE Climate
Change Research Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is
operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract
DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Worley was supported by the Climate Change Research
Division of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and by
the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, both in the DOE
Office of Science, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Batelle,
LLC.
NR 49
TC 845
Z9 861
U1 15
U2 195
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 19
BP 4973
EP 4991
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833SO
UT WOS:000295905400001
ER
PT J
AU Ming, Y
Ramaswamy, V
AF Ming, Yi
Ramaswamy, V.
TI A Model Investigation of Aerosol-Induced Changes in Tropical Circulation
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE GASES; CLIMATE; RESPONSES; EMISSION; CYCLE; GCM
AB This study investigates how anthropogenic aerosols, alone or in conjunction with radiatively active gases, affect the tropical circulation with an atmosphere/mixed layer ocean general circulation model. Aerosol-induced cooling gives rise to a substantial increase in the overall strength of the tropical circulation, a robust outcome consistent with a thermodynamical scaling argument. Owing to the interhemispheric asymmetry in aerosol forcing, the zonal-mean (Hadley) and zonally asymmetrical components of the tropical circulation respond differently. The Hadley circulation weakens in the Northern Hemisphere but strengthens in the Southern Hemisphere. The resulting northward cross-equatorial moist static energy flux compensates partly for the aerosol radiative cooling in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, the less restricted zonally asymmetrical circulation does not show sensitivity to the spatial structure of aerosols and strengthens in both hemispheres. The results also point to the possible role of aerosols in driving the observed reduction in the equatorial sea level pressure gradient.
These circulation changes have profound implications for the hydrological cycle. Aerosols alone make the subtropical dry zones in both hemispheres wetter, as the local hydrological response is controlled thermodynamically by atmospheric moisture content. The deep tropical rainfall undergoes a dynamically induced southward shift, a robust pattern consistent with the adjustments in the zonal-mean circulation and in the meridional moist static energy transport. Less certain is the magnitude of the shift. The nonlinearity exhibited by the combined hydrological response to aerosols and radiatively active gases is dynamical in nature.
C1 [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Ming, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM yi.ming@noaa.gov
RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012
NR 29
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 19
BP 5125
EP 5133
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4108.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833SO
UT WOS:000295905400011
ER
PT J
AU Becker, EJ
Berbery, EH
Higgins, RW
AF Becker, Emily J.
Berbery, Ernesto Hugo
Higgins, R. Wayne
TI Modulation of Cold-Season US Daily Precipitation by the Madden-Julian
Oscillation
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES;
PREDICTABILITY; CONVECTION; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; TROPICS; EVENTS
AB This study examines the characteristics of cold-season (November March) daily precipitation over the contiguous United States during active periods of the Madden-Julian oscillation (WO). A large response in the precipitation rate anomaly is found over the eastern United States when MJO-related enhanced tropical convection is moving through the far western to central Pacific (conventionally known as phases 5,6, and 7 of the MJO). Positive anomalies occur in the region of the eastern Mississippi River basin, and negative anomalies occur in the Southeast. The relative stability of this pattern throughout the three phases suggests that they can be considered together. During phases 5-7, the central United States has a daily precipitation rate between 110% and 150% of normal, while the precipitation rate over much of Florida is less than 70% of normal. Much of the lower Mississippi River basin region receives somewhat more frequent daily precipitation during MJO phases 5-7, but a greater increase is found in the daily precipitation intensity, suggesting more intense storms. On the other hand, Florida has substantially fewer daily precipitation events, with a smaller decrease in the intensity.
To understand the atmospheric mechanisms related to the above shifts in daily precipitation, elements of the atmospheric circulation were examined. Positive moisture flux convergence anomalies, which have been linked to increased precipitation rate and intensity, are found in the region of increased precipitation rate during MJO phases 5-7. During those phases, the North American jet stream is shifted northward, likely leading to a higher incidence of storms over the lower Mississippi River basin and fewer storms over Florida. This is supported by the fact that the storm track also shows increased activity over the central United States during MJO phases 5-7.
C1 [Berbery, Ernesto Hugo] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Becker, Emily J.; Higgins, R. Wayne] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Berbery, EH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, ESSIC, 3427 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM berbery@atmos.umd.edu
RI Berbery, Ernesto/F-4560-2010
OI Berbery, Ernesto/0000-0003-2587-3345
FU NOAA [NA09OAR4310189]
FX The comments of three anonymous reviewers helped clarify many aspects of
this article. NARR and interpolated OLR data were provided by the
NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, and are available online at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. This work was supported by NOAA Grant
NA09OAR4310189.
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 19
BP 5157
EP 5166
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4018.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833SO
UT WOS:000295905400013
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YH
Seidel, DJ
Golaz, JC
Deser, C
Tomas, RA
AF Zhang, Yehui
Seidel, Dian J.
Golaz, Jean-Christophe
Deser, Clara
Tomas, Robert A.
TI Climatological Characteristics of Arctic and Antarctic Surface-Based
Inversions
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE INVERSION; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ERA-40 REANALYSIS;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLEAR-SKY; SEA-ICE; WINTER; AIR; DESTRUCTION; ATMOSPHERE
AB Surface-based inversions (SBIs) are frequent features of the Arctic and Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer. They influence vertical mixing of energy, moisture and pollutants, cloud formation, and surface ozone destruction. Their climatic variability is related to that of sea ice and planetary albedo, important factors in climate feedback mechanisms. However, climatological polar SBI properties have not been fully characterized nor have climate model simulations of SBIs been compared comprehensively to observations. Using 20 years of twice-daily observations from 39 Arctic and 6 Antarctic radiosonde stations, this study examines the spatial and temporal variability of three SBI characteristic frequency of occurrence, depth (from the surface to the inversion top), and intensity (temperature difference over the SBI depth) and relationships among them. In both polar regions, SBIs are more frequent, deeper, and stronger in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. In the Arctic, these tendencies increase from the Norwegian Sea eastward toward the East Siberian Sea, associated both with (seasonal and diurnal) variations in solar elevation angle at the standard radiosonde observation times and with differences between continental and maritime climates. Two state-of-the-art climate models and one reanalysis dataset show similar seasonal patterns and spatial distributions of SBI properties as the radiosonde observations, but with biases in their magnitudes that differ among the models and that are smaller in winter and autumn than in spring and summer. SBI frequency, depth, and intensity are positively correlated, both spatially and temporally, and all three are anticorrelated with surface temperature.
C1 [Zhang, Yehui; Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Deser, Clara; Tomas, Robert A.] NCAR Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab R ARL, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov
RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014
OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435
FU National Science Foundation; NSF Office of Polar Programs
FX We thank Journal of Climate Editor Robert Wood and two anonymous
referees, who provided thorough and thoughtful reviews of this paper.
Jennifer Kay, Brian Medeiros, and Sungsu Park (NCAR), Chi Ao (Jet
Propulsion Laboratory), and Julian Wang (NOAA) offered insightful
comments on this study. Y. Zhang is a National Research Council
Postdoctoral Associate at NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory. NCAR is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation. C. Deser and R. Tomas
gratefully acknowledge funding from the NSF Office of Polar Programs.
NR 46
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 19
BP 5167
EP 5186
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4004.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833SO
UT WOS:000295905400014
ER
PT J
AU Roy, T
Bopp, L
Gehlen, M
Schneider, B
Cadule, P
Frolicher, TL
Segschneider, J
Tjiputra, J
Heinze, C
Joos, F
AF Roy, Tilla
Bopp, Laurent
Gehlen, Marion
Schneider, Birgit
Cadule, Patricia
Froelicher, Thomas L.
Segschneider, Joachim
Tjiputra, Jerry
Heinze, Christoph
Joos, Fortunat
TI Regional impacts of climate change and atmospheric CO2 on future ocean
carbon uptake: A multimodel linear feedback analysis (vol 24, pg 2300,
2011)
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Roy, Tilla; Bopp, Laurent; Gehlen, Marion; Cadule, Patricia] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Schneider, Birgit] Inst Geosci, Kiel, Germany.
[Froelicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland.
[Froelicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland.
[Froelicher, Thomas L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Segschneider, Joachim] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Tjiputra, Jerry; Heinze, Christoph] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway.
[Tjiputra, Jerry; Heinze, Christoph] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.
RP Roy, T (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015
OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854
NR 2
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 19
BP 5195
EP 5195
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00285.1
PG 1
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833SO
UT WOS:000295905400017
ER
PT J
AU Hanner, R
Floyd, R
Bernard, A
Collette, BB
Shivji, M
AF Hanner, Robert
Floyd, Robin
Bernard, Andrea
Collette, Bruce B.
Shivji, Mahmood
TI DNA barcoding of billfishes
SO MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
LA English
DT Article
DE COI; rhodopsin; mitochondrial DNA; species delimitation
ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MARLIN; SPEARFISH; SEQUENCES;
NUCLEAR; FISHES; GENE; LIFE; PCR
AB DNA barcoding is a method promising fast and accurate identification of animal species based on the sequencing of the mitochondrial c oxidase subunit (COI) gene. In this study, we explore the prospects for DNA barcoding in one particular fish group, the billfishes (suborder Xiphioidei-swordfish, marlins, spearfishes, and sailfish). We sequenced the mitochondrial COI gene from 296 individuals from the 10 currently recognized species of billfishes, and combined these data with a further 57 sequences from previously published projects. We also sequenced the rhodopsin gene from a subset of 72 individuals to allow comparison of mitochondrial results against a nuclear marker. Five of the 10 species are readily distinguishable by COI barcodes. Of the rest, the striped marlin (Kajikia audax) and white marlin (K. albida) show highly similar sequences and are not unambiguously distinguishable by barcodes alone, likewise are the three spearfishes Tetrapturus angustirostris, T. belone, and T. pfluegeri. We discuss the taxonomic status of these species groups in light of our and other data, molecular and morphological.
C1 [Hanner, Robert; Floyd, Robin] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Hanner, Robert; Floyd, Robin] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
[Bernard, Andrea; Shivji, Mahmood] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
[Collette, Bruce B.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, MRC 0153, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
RP Hanner, R (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
EM rhanner@uoguelph.ca
FU Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario
Genomics Institute); NSERC
FX This work was supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life
Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute),
NSERC, and other sponsors listed at http://www.BOLNET.ca; and
additionally by operational funds to the Guy Harvey Research Institute,
AFTCO, Inc., and an NSERC postgraduate fellowship (AB). We thank L.
Beerkircher, J. Graves, J. McDowell, E. Prince, J. Serafy, and D.
Snodgrass for providing tissue samples and Eugene Wong for assistance in
the laboratory. We are grateful to Johanne Fischer of the FAO for
granting permission to use images from their catalog (Nakamura 1985) for
the first figure in our study. The authors report no conflicts of
interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing
of the paper.
NR 46
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 12
PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE
PI LONDON
PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND
SN 1940-1736
EI 1940-1744
J9 MITOCHONDR DNA
JI Mitochondrial DNA
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 22
SU 1
BP 27
EP 36
DI 10.3109/19401736.2011.596833
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 831JJ
UT WOS:000295726100006
PM 21980985
ER
PT J
AU Hamill, TM
Whitaker, JS
Kleist, DT
Fiorino, M
Benjamin, SG
AF Hamill, Thomas M.
Whitaker, Jeffrey S.
Kleist, Daryl T.
Fiorino, Michael
Benjamin, Stanley G.
TI Predictions of 2010's Tropical Cyclones Using the GFS and Ensemble-Based
Data Assimilation Methods
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEM; GSI
AB Experimental ensemble predictions of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks from the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) using the Global Forecast System (GFS) model were recently validated for the 2009 Northern Hemisphere hurricane season by Hamill et al. A similar suite of tests is described here for the 2010 season. Two major changes were made this season: 1) a reduction in the resolution of the GFS model, from 2009's T384L64 (similar to 31 km at 25 degrees N) to 2010's T254L64 (similar to 47 km at 25 degrees N), and some changes in model physics; and 2) the addition of a limited test of deterministic forecasts initialized from a hybrid three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var)/EnKF method.
The GFS/EnKF ensembles continued to produce reduced track errors relative to operational ensemble forecasts created by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the Met Office (UKMO), and the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC). The GFS/EnKF was not uniformly as skillful as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system. GFS/EnKF track forecasts had slightly higher error than ECMWF at longer leads, especially in the western North Pacific, and exhibited poorer calibration between spread and error than in 2009, perhaps in part because of lower model resolution. Deterministic forecasts from the hybrid were competitive with deterministic EnKF ensemble-mean forecasts and superior in track error to those initialized from the operational variational algorithm, the Grid-point Statistical Interpolation (GSI). Pending further successful testing, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) intends to implement the global hybrid system operationally for data assimilation.
C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.; Kleist, Daryl T.; Fiorino, Michael; Benjamin, Stanley G.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, R PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov
RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014; Kleist, Daryl
/C-7771-2016
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Fiorino,
Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157;
FU NOAA
FX This research has been funded by 1) NOAA's THORPEX program and 2) the
NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program. We are grateful for the
work of Dave Parrish (NCEP) for leading the implementation of the hybrid
software in GSI, John Derber (NCEP) for optimization of the EnKF, and
Xuguang Wang (University of Oklahoma) for contributions to the hybrid
development.
NR 11
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 10
BP 3243
EP 3247
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00079.1
PG 5
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833AP
UT WOS:000295854300009
ER
PT J
AU Yamaguchi, T
Randall, DA
Khairoutdinov, MF
AF Yamaguchi, Takanobu
Randall, David A.
Khairoutdinov, Marat F.
TI Cloud Modeling Tests of the ULTIMATE-MACHO Scalar Advection Scheme
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; ONE-DIMENSIONAL
ADVECTION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TOPPED MIXED LAYERS;
POSITIVE-DEFINITE; STRATOCUMULUS; TRANSPORT; CONVECTION
AB Numerical diffusion can be minimized using fine grid spacing and/or higher-order numerical schemes. In this study, the authors focus on higher-order scalar advection schemes and their effects on simulated cloud fields. A monotonic multidimensional odd-order conservative advection scheme has been implemented, following the approach of Leonard. It has been tested in simulations of idealized scalar fields advected by simple prescribed motion, as well as turbulence fields; large-eddy simulations of turbulent stratocumulus clouds; and simulations of deep convective clouds. New third-, fifth-, and seventh-order schemes are compared with the second-order scheme originally used in the model. For the deep cumulus case, a high-resolution large-eddy simulation with the same domain size is used as a benchmark.
The fifth-order scheme shows much less numerical diffusion than the lower-order scheme. The additional improvement with the seventh-order scheme is minor. The higher-order scheme generally produces simulated cloud fields similar to those obtained with a lower-order scheme with a finer grid spacing. This effect is especially noticeable for the updraft-core statistics of the deep cumulus simulation, as compared with the benchmark simulation. The fifth-order scheme with coarse horizontal resolution produces results close to those of the benchmark simulation. Compared to a high-resolution simulation with the low-order scheme, the numerical cost of the fifth-order simulation is smaller than a factor of 10.
C1 [Yamaguchi, Takanobu; Randall, David A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Khairoutdinov, Marat F.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Yamaguchi, T (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div RCSD2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tak.yamaguchi@noaa.gov
RI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Randall, David/E-6113-2011
OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; Randall,
David/0000-0001-6935-4112
FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FC02-06ER64302]; National Science
Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling
of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP); Colorado State University
[ATM-0425247]; Physics of Stratocumulus Top (POST); NSF [ATM-0735118,
ATM-0735121]
FX The authors thank Peter Blossey, Cris Bretherton, and Hiroaki Miura for
helpful discussions and comments. This study has been supported by the
Department of Energy (DOE) Scientific Discovery through Advanced
Computing (SciDAC) Grant DE-FC02-06ER64302, the National Science
Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center for Multi-Scale Modeling
of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University
under Cooperative Agreement ATM-0425247, and the Physics of
Stratocumulus Top (POST) project funded by NSF under Grants ATM-0735118
and ATM-0735121. Computing time was provided by the National Center for
Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is sponsored by the NSF.
NR 26
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 10
BP 3248
EP 3264
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05044.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833AP
UT WOS:000295854300010
ER
PT J
AU Du, J
Zhou, BB
AF Du, Jun
Zhou, Binbin
TI A Dynamical Performance-Ranking Method for Predicting Individual
Ensemble Member Performance and Its Application to Ensemble Averaging
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS;
SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; MODEL; CALIBRATION; ERROR; NMC; GSI
AB This study proposes a dynamical performance-ranking method (called the Du-Zhou ranking method) to predict the relative performance of individual ensemble members by assuming the ensemble mean is a good estimation of the truth. The results show that the method 1) generally works well, especially for shorter ranges such as a 1-day forecast; 2) has less error in predicting the extreme (best and worst) performers than the intermediate performers; 3) works better when the variation in performance among ensemble members is large; 4) works better when the model bias is small; 5) works better in a multimodel than in a single-model ensemble environment; and 6) works best when using the magnitude difference between a member and its ensemble mean as the "distance" measure in ranking members. The ensemble mean and median generally perform similarly to each other.
This method was applied to a weighted ensemble average to see if it can improve the ensemble mean forecast over a commonly used, simple equally weighted ensemble averaging method. The results indicate that the weighted ensemble mean forecast has a smaller systematic error. This superiority of the weighted over the simple mean is especially true for smaller-sized ensembles, such as 5 and 11 members, but it decreases with the increase in ensemble size and almost vanishes when the ensemble size increases to 21 members. There is, however, little impact on the random error and the spatial patterns of ensemble mean forecasts. These results imply that it might be difficult to improve the ensemble mean by just weighting members when an ensemble reaches a certain size. However, it is found that the weighted averaging can reduce the total forecast error more when a raw ensemble-mean forecast itself is less accurate. It is also expected that the effectiveness of weighted averaging should be improved when the ensemble spread is improved or when the ranking method itself is improved, although such an improvement should not be expected to be too big (probably less than 10%, on average).
C1 [Du, Jun; Zhou, Binbin] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Zhou, Binbin] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Du, J (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM jun.du@noaa.gov
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 10
BP 3284
EP 3303
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05007.1
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 833AP
UT WOS:000295854300012
ER
PT J
AU Messin, GHR
Rice, KD
Riley, MA
Watson, SS
Sieber, JR
Forster, AL
AF Messin, Guillaume H. R.
Rice, Kirk D.
Riley, Michael A.
Watson, Stephanie S.
Sieber, John R.
Forster, Amanda L.
TI Effect of moisture on copolymer fibers based on
5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)-benzimidazole
SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Copolymer fibers; Body armor; Moisture; Acid release; Degradation;
5-Amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)-benzimidazole
ID PARA-ARAMID FIBERS; ACRYLIC-MELAMINE COATINGS; ARMOS FIBERS; STRENGTH;
EXPOSURE; RUSAR
AB In recent years, there has been concern in the soft body armor community that copolymer fibers based on 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl)-benzimidazole can release hydrochloric acid, which is present in these fibers as a by-product of the manufacturing process. The presence of acids could potentially be detrimental to other fibers that might come in contact with these materials. In an effort to examine this issue, a study was designed to investigate the release of acid in different environments from these fibers. During the first phase of the study, fibers were exposed to water and pH decreases were observed. While immersed in deionized water, two of the fiber samples studied released a sufficient amount of acid to drop the pH of the solution from approximately pH 6.0 to approximately pH 3.0 in less than 10 d at room temperature. Further ion-selective electrode studies of chloride ion released from these fibers indicated that hydrochloric acid may not be the species responsible for this pH reduction. In a second phase of the investigation, fibers were exposed to water vapor in an elevated temperature environment (conditions were 65 degrees C, 80% RH). While the pH reduction released by the water vapor exposure was substantially less than observed in the submersion phase, a reduction in the yarn tensile strength of some of the fibers was observed during this phase of the study. In a third phase, fibers were exposed in a dry oven (less than 5% RH) at 65 degrees C. Almost no pH reduction or strength reduction was observed. Molecular spectroscopy was also performed to better understand the effect of elevated temperature and moisture environments on these fibers. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Messin, Guillaume H. R.; Rice, Kirk D.; Riley, Michael A.; Forster, Amanda L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Law Enforcement Stand Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Watson, Stephanie S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sieber, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Forster, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Law Enforcement Stand Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM amanda.forster@nist.gov
OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429
FU National Institute of Justice [2003-IJ-R-029, 2008-DN-R-121]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research
effort provided by the National Institute of Justice under interagency
agreement number 2003-IJ-R-029 and 2008-DN-R-121. The authors would also
like to thank James Singletary of DuPont de Nemours and Company and Aad
Schaap of Teijin Aramid for helpful discussions.
NR 38
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-3910
J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL
JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 96
IS 10
BP 1847
EP 1857
DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.07.008
PG 11
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 828KX
UT WOS:000295501000019
ER
PT J
AU Wang, PK
Su, SH
Charvat, Z
St'astka, J
Lin, HM
AF Wang, Pao K.
Su, Shih-Hao
Charvat, Zdenek
St'astka, Jindrich
Lin, Hsin-Mu
TI Cross Tropopause Transport of Water by Mid-Latitude Deep Convective
Storms: A Review
SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE Thunderstorms; Stratospheric water; Convective transport; Gravity wave
breaking; Above anvil plumes
ID BIOMASS SMOKE INJECTION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS;
TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; MIXING-RATIO; AUGUST 1981; VAPOR; SIMULATIONS;
THUNDERSTORMS; CIRCULATION
AB Recent observational and numerical modeling studies of the mechanisms which transport moisture to the stratosphere by deep convective storms at mid-latitudes are reviewed. Observational evidence of the cross-tropopause transport of moisture by thunderstorms includes satellite, aircraft and ground-based data. The primary satellite evidence is taken from both conventional satellite of thunderstorm images and CloudSat vertical cloud cross-section images. The conventional satellite images show cirrus plumes above the anvil tops of some of the convective storms where the anvils are already at the tropopause level. The CloudSat image shows an indication of penetration of cirrus plume into the stratosphere. The aircraft observations consist of earlier observations of the "jumping cirrus" phenomenon reported by Fujita and recent detection of ice particles in the stratospheric air associated with deep convective storms. The ground-based observations are video camera records of the jumping cirrus phenomenon occurring at the top of thunderstorm cells. Numerical model studies of the penetrative deep convective storms were performed utilizing a three-dimensional cloud dynamical model to simulate a typical severe storm which occurred in the US Midwest region on 2 August 1981. Model results indicate two physical mechanisms that cause water to be injected into the stratosphere from the storm: (1) the jumping cirrus mechanism which is caused by the gravity wave breaking at the cloud top, and (2) an instability caused by turbulent mixing in the outer shell of the overshooting dome. Implications of the penetrative convection on global processes and a brief future outlook are discussed.
C1 [Wang, Pao K.; Su, Shih-Hao] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Su, Shih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
[Charvat, Zdenek; St'astka, Jindrich] CHMI Satellite Dept, Prague, Czech Republic.
[Lin, Hsin-Mu] NCEP NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Wang, PK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM pao@windy.aos.wisc.edu
FU US National Science Foundation [ATM-0729898]; Grant Agency of the Czech
Republic [205/07/0905]; Grant Agency of the Charles University in Prague
[176210]
FX This work is performed under the partial support of US National Science
Foundation grant ATM-0729898. Parts of this research were also carried
out under support of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, project
205/07/0905 and the Grant Agency of the Charles University in Prague -
Grant No. 176210. We thank Dr. Martin Setvak and an anonymous reviewer
for helpful comments that led to improvements of the paper. We would
also like to thank NASA for providing the CloudSat data. Any opinions,
findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material
are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of
the National Science Foundation (NSF).
NR 55
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 5
U2 21
PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION
PI TAIPEI
PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN
SN 1017-0839
J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI
JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 5
BP 447
EP 462
DI 10.3319/TAO.2011.06.13.01(A)
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 833DR
UT WOS:000295862500001
ER
PT J
AU Canning, C
Crain, D
Eaton, TS
Nuessly, K
Friedlaender, A
Hurst, T
Parks, S
Ware, C
Wiley, D
Weinrich, M
AF Canning, Claire
Crain, Danielle
Eaton, T. Scott, Jr.
Nuessly, Kathryn
Friedlaender, Ari
Hurst, Tom
Parks, Susan
Ware, Colin
Wiley, David
Weinrich, Mason
TI Population-level lateralized feeding behaviour in North Atlantic
humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae
SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
LA English
DT Article
DE DTAG; feeding behaviour; handedness index; humpback whale; jaw scuffing;
lateralized behaviour; Megaptera novaeangliae; North Atlantic
ID ELEPHANTS ELEPHAS-MAXIMUS; AMERICAN SAND LANCE; SOUTHERN GULF;
AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; TRUNK MOVEMENTS; HEMIFIELD
USE; WILD; MAINE; EVOLUTION
AB Lateralized behaviour refers to a preference for using a specific limb or direction of movement that is consistent across events. We investigated apparent lateralized behaviour in North Atlantic humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in the southern Gulf of Maine using digital acoustic tag ('DTAG') technology to analyse feeding behaviours during 2004-2009. An ideal tool to examine lateralized behaviours, DTAGs allowed continuous measurements of whale depth, heading, pitch and roll throughout the attachment period (less than 24 h). Side preference (right or left) in rolling behaviours (e. g. bottom rolling and side lunging) and directional preference (clockwise or anticlockwise) in feeding behaviours such as looping and spiraling were determined from visual examination of DTAG data. A 'handedness index' (HI) was used to quantify side bias and strength of preference. We found a population-level right-side bias similar to the 90/10 right-hand bias in humans. Furthermore, photos of jaw scuffing and direct tag data on rolling behaviour were used to assign a bottom-rolling side preference for 11 individuals for whom both of these data were available, 10 (90.9%) of which demonstrated a right-side bias. Consistent laterality was observed between individuals that performed bottom rolling and directional feeding behaviours, which was biased in the right/clockwise direction. Younger individuals tended to show weaker lateralization scores than older individuals, even among adults (P - 0.048), suggesting that lateralization develops, and continues to do so, beyond sexual maturity. (C) 2011 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Crain, Danielle; Friedlaender, Ari] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Canning, Claire; Crain, Danielle; Eaton, T. Scott, Jr.; Nuessly, Kathryn; Weinrich, Mason] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA USA.
[Canning, Claire] Univ Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, England.
[Hurst, Tom] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Parks, Susan] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA.
[Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Wiley, David] Natl Ocean Serv, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, NOAA, Scituate, MA USA.
RP Friedlaender, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM asf7@duke.edu
RI Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014
OI Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X
FU Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Office of National Marine
Sanctuaries
FX We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA research vessels Nancy Foster
and Auk for their capable assistance during field operations. We also
thank the various members of our field team over the years including:
Roland Arsenault, Pat Halpin, Elliot Hazen, Tom Hurst, Just Moller, Cara
Pekarcik, Allison Rosner, Kate Sardi, Jamison Smith, Alison Stimpert,
Jennifer Tackaberry, Becky Wood-ward and Jeremy Winn. Pete Raimondi gave
invaluable help with statistics. Furthermore, we thank two anonymous
referees for insightful comments on the manuscript. Funding was provided
by the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Office of National
Marine Sanctuaries and the National Oceanographic Partnership Program.
Jooke Robbins and the Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies graciously
provided additional jaw scuffing photographs for tagged whales. Whale
tag data were collected under permits 605-1607 and 605-1904, issued to
The Whale Center of New England by the National Marine Fisheries Service
and Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Permit A041-09-02.
NR 60
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 28
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0003-3472
J9 ANIM BEHAV
JI Anim. Behav.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 4
BP 901
EP 909
DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.031
PG 9
WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology
GA 825HS
UT WOS:000295262800039
ER
PT J
AU Vich, M
Romero, R
Brooks, HE
AF Vich, M.
Romero, R.
Brooks, H. E.
TI Ensemble prediction of Mediterranean high-impact events using potential
vorticity perturbations. Part I: Comparison against the multiphysics
approach
SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Ensemble prediction system; Multiphysics; PV perturbations; Forecast
verification; Mediterranean cyclones
ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; FORECAST
VERIFICATION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; INITIAL CONDITION; QUANTITATIVE
PRECIPITATION; HEAVY-RAIN; MODEL; SYSTEM
AB The western Mediterranean is a very cyclogenetic area and many of the cyclones developed over this region are associated with high-impact weather phenomena that affect the society of the coastal countries. Two ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) based on multiphysics and perturbed initial and boundary conditions (IBC) are designed in order to improve the forecast of these heavy rain episodes. The MM5 mesoscale model nested in the ECMWF forecast fields provides the simulations, run at 22.5 km resolution for a two-day period.
The multiphysics ensemble combines different model physical parameterization schemes while the other ensemble perturbs the initial state and boundary forcing of the model with the aid of a PV inversion scheme. A PV error climatology derived from the large-scale fields allows to perturb the ECMWF PV fields using the appropriate error range.
The verification procedure indicates that even though both EPSs are skillful, the perturbed IBC ensemble is more proficient than the multiphysics EPS for the 19 Mediterranean cyclonic events with heavy rain considered in the study. Therefore the results show a more dominant role of the uncertainties in the initial and boundary conditions than the model error, although both of them contribute significantly to improve the predictability of Western Mediterranean high impact weather situations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Vich, M.; Romero, R.] Univ Illes Balears, Dpt Fis, Meteorol Grp, Palma De Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
[Brooks, H. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Vich, M (reprint author), Univ Illes Balears, Dpt Fis, Meteorol Grp, Km 7-5, Palma De Mallorca 07122, Illes Balears, Spain.
EM mar.vich@uib.es
FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [BES-2006-14044, MEDI-CANES
CGL2008-01271/CLI]
FX Support from PhD grant BES-2006-14044 and MEDI-CANES CGL2008-01271/CLI
project, both from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, is
acknowledged. Precipitation data and access to ECMWF database was
provided by AEMET.
NR 74
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0169-8095
J9 ATMOS RES
JI Atmos. Res.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 102
IS 1-2
BP 227
EP 241
DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.07.017
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 830JO
UT WOS:000295653500020
ER
PT J
AU Wang, WQ
Xie, PP
Yoo, SH
Xue, Y
Kumar, A
Wu, XR
AF Wang, Wanqiu
Xie, Pingping
Yoo, Soo-Hyun
Xue, Yan
Kumar, Arun
Wu, Xingren
TI An assessment of the surface climate in the NCEP climate forecast system
reanalysis
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate forecast system reanalysis; Atmospheric reanalysis; Surface
climate variability; Long-term trend
ID AIR-SEA INTERACTION; HEAT FLUXES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL
PACIFIC; NCAR REANALYSIS; TURBULENT HEAT; UNITED-STATES; INDIAN-OCEAN;
SATELLITE; MODEL
AB This paper analyzes surface climate variability in the climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR) recently completed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The CFSR represents a new generation of reanalysis effort with first guess from a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-land forecast system. This study focuses on the analysis of climate variability for a set of surface variables including precipitation, surface air 2-m temperature (T2m), and surface heat fluxes. None of these quantities are assimilated directly and thus an assessment of their variability provides an independent measure of the accuracy. The CFSR is compared with observational estimates and three previous reanalyses (the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis or R1, the NCEP/DOE reanalysis or R2, and the ERA40 produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). The CFSR has improved time-mean precipitation distribution over various regions compared to the three previous reanalyses, leading to a better representation of freshwater flux (evaporation minus precipitation). For interannual variability, the CFSR shows improved precipitation correlation with observations over the Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent, and western Pacific. The T2m of the CFSR is superior to R1 and R2 with more realistic interannual variability and long-term trend. On the other hand, the CFSR overestimates downward solar radiation flux over the tropical Western Hemisphere warm pool, consistent with a negative cloudiness bias and a positive sea surface temperature bias. Meanwhile, the evaporative latent heat flux in CFSR appears to be larger than other observational estimates over most of the globe. A few deficiencies in the long-term variations are identified in the CFSR. Firstly, dramatic changes are found around 1998-2001 in the global average of a number of variables, possibly related to the changes in the assimilated satellite observations. Secondly, the use of multiple streams for the CFSR induces spurious jumps in soil moisture between adjacent streams. Thirdly, there is an inconsistency in long-term sea ice extent variations over the Arctic regions between the CFSR and other observations with the CFSR showing smaller sea ice extent before 1997 and larger extent starting in 1997. These deficiencies may have impacts on the application of the CFSR for climate diagnoses and predictions. Relationships between surface heat fluxes and SST tendency and between SST and precipitation are analyzed and compared with observational estimates and other reanalyses. Global mean fields of surface heat and water fluxes together with radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere are documented and presented over the entire globe, and for the ocean and land separately.
C1 [Wang, Wanqiu; Xie, Pingping; Yoo, Soo-Hyun; Xue, Yan; Kumar, Arun] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Wu, Xingren] NCEP NWS NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM wanqiu.wang@noaa.gov
NR 54
TC 73
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 7-8
BP 1601
EP 1620
DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0935-7
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 828SI
UT WOS:000295522600020
ER
PT J
AU Sedlar, J
Tjernstrom, M
Mauritsen, T
Shupe, MD
Brooks, IM
Persson, POG
Birch, CE
Leck, C
Sirevaag, A
Nicolaus, M
AF Sedlar, Joseph
Tjernstrom, Michael
Mauritsen, Thorsten
Shupe, Matthew D.
Brooks, Ian M.
Persson, P. Ola G.
Birch, Cathryn E.
Leck, Caroline
Sirevaag, Anders
Nicolaus, Marcel
TI A transitioning Arctic surface energy budget: the impacts of solar
zenith angle, surface albedo and cloud radiative forcing
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic; Sea ice; Surface energy budget; Cloud radiative forcing;
Shortwave radiation; Longwave radiation
ID SEA-ICE COVER; OCEAN EXPEDITION; ANNUAL CYCLE; TEMPERATURE; SHEBA;
CLIMATE; PROGRAM; PROJECT; RADAR; TREND
AB Snow surface and sea-ice energy budgets were measured near 87.5A degrees N during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS), from August to early September 2008. Surface temperature indicated four distinct temperature regimes, characterized by varying cloud, thermodynamic and solar properties. An initial warm, melt-season regime was interrupted by a 3-day cold regime where temperatures dropped from near zero to -7A degrees C. Subsequently mean energy budget residuals remained small and near zero for 1 week until once again temperatures dropped rapidly and the energy budget residuals became negative. Energy budget transitions were dominated by the net radiative fluxes, largely controlled by the cloudiness. Variable heat, moisture and cloud distributions were associated with changing air-masses. Surface cloud radiative forcing, the net radiative effect of clouds on the surface relative to clear skies, is estimated. Shortwave cloud forcing ranged between -50 W m(-2) and zero and varied significantly with surface albedo, solar zenith angle and cloud liquid water. Longwave cloud forcing was larger and generally ranged between 65 and 85 W m(-2), except when the cloud fraction was tenuous or contained little liquid water; thus the net effect of the clouds was to warm the surface. Both cold periods occurred under tenuous, or altogether absent, low-level clouds containing little liquid water, effectively reducing the cloud greenhouse effect. Freeze-up progression was enhanced by a combination of increasing solar zenith angles and surface albedo, while inhibited by a large, positive surface cloud forcing until a new air-mass with considerably less cloudiness advected over the experiment area.
C1 [Sedlar, Joseph; Tjernstrom, Michael; Leck, Caroline] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Mauritsen, Thorsten] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, P. Ola G.] NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brooks, Ian M.; Birch, Cathryn E.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
[Sirevaag, Anders] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
[Sirevaag, Anders] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway.
[Nicolaus, Marcel] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Tromso, Norway.
[Nicolaus, Marcel] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany.
RP Sedlar, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
EM josephs@misu.su.se
RI Sirevaag, Anders/E-5144-2012; Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Mauritsen,
Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011;
OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Mauritsen,
Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982;
Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410; Nicolaus,
Marcel/0000-0003-0903-1746
FU Swedish Science Research Council; European Union; Knut and Alice
Wallenberg Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council; UK Met
Office; National Science Foundation; Norwegian Research Council
FX This work is part of ASCOS (the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) and was
funded by the Swedish Science Research Council and the DAMOCLES European
Union 6th Framework Program Integrated Research Project. ASCOS was made
possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. IMB
and CEB were also funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council;
CEB was additionally partially supported by the UK Met Office that also
provided real-time weather forecasting for ASCOS. POGP and MDS were also
funded by the National Science Foundation. MN also received funding
through the NorClim project, financed in the Norklima program of the
Norwegian Research Council; Sebastian Gerland is acknowledged for
dual-responsibility of data with MN. The Swedish Polar Research
Secretariat (SPRS) provided access to the icebreaker Oden and logistical
support. Chief Scientists were Caroline Leck and Michael Tjernstrom. We
are grateful to the SPRS logistical staff and to Oden's Captain Mattias
Peterson and his crew. ASCOS is an IPY project under the AICIA-IPY
umbrella and an endorsed SOLAS project.
NR 53
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 3
U2 44
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 7-8
BP 1643
EP 1660
DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0937-5
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 828SI
UT WOS:000295522600022
ER
PT J
AU Sun, JR
Forster, AM
Johnson, PM
Eidelman, N
Quinn, G
Schumacher, G
Zhang, XR
Wu, WL
AF Sun, Jirun
Forster, Aaron M.
Johnson, Peter M.
Eidelman, Naomi
Quinn, George
Schumacher, Gary
Zhang, Xinran
Wu, Wen-li
TI Improving performance of dental resins by adding titanium dioxide
nanoparticles
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dental resin; Dental adhesives; Shear bond strength; Titanium dioxide;
Nanoparticles
ID INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; POLYMERIZATION SHRINKAGE;
MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE MODIFICATION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS;
COMPOSITES; TIO2; INTERFACE; WATER; FABRICATION
AB Objective. The objective of this study is to improve the performance of dental resins by adding a small amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs), which have outstanding mechanical properties and unique photoactivities.
Methods. Acrylic acid modified TiO(2) NPs (AP25) were prepared and added to a mixture of bis-phenol-A-dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (mass ratio 1: 1) at seven mass fractions. Disks made of these resins were subjected to FTIR microspectroscopy, nanoindentation, microindentation, and 3-point bending to determine the degree of vinyl conversion (DC) modulus and hardness. The shear bond strengths (SBS) of dentin adhesives containing various amount of AP25 were also examined.
Results. The DC increased as a function of mass fraction of AP25 and reached a plateau at 0.1%. The DC of the resin mixture was improved by approximate to 7% up to 91.7 +/- 0.8%. The elastic modulus and hardness of the composites increased initially as more AP25 were added, and decreased after reached the maximum value at approximately 0.06% mass fraction of AP25. The maximum elastic modulus was approximate to 48% higher than that of the NP-free resin, and the maximum hardness was more than twice higher than that of the NP-free resin. Using these resin composites as dental adhesives, the mean SBS using resins with 0.1% mass fraction of AP25 was approximate to 30% higher than those using NP-free resin.
Significance. By adding a small amount of AP25 to the resin, the DC and the mechanical properties of resins were improved dramatically. These findings could lead to better performing dental adhesives. (C) 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Sun, Jirun; Eidelman, Naomi; Quinn, George; Schumacher, Gary] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Johnson, Peter M.; Zhang, Xinran; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sun, JR (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jsun@nist.gov
RI Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014
FU ADA Foundation; NIH [1S10RR22650-01A2]
FX Financial support was provided through an ADA Foundation startup lab
fund. We would like to thank Drs. Joseph Antonucci, Sabine H. Dickens
and Rafael L. Bowen for their helpful discussions. The FTIR-RM that was
used in this work was purchased with NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant
1S10RR22650-01A2 awarded to N.E.
NR 42
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 10
BP 972
EP 982
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.06.003
PG 11
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 831GO
UT WOS:000295717500004
PM 21774976
ER
PT J
AU Saied, MA
Lloyd, IK
Haller, WK
Lawn, BR
AF Saied, M. A.
Lloyd, I. K.
Haller, W. K.
Lawn, B. R.
TI Joining dental ceramic layers with glass
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Glass bonding; Interface; Veneer; Ceramic core; Crown
ID TRANSVERSE FRACTURE; RESTORATIONS; ZIRCONIA; FAILURE
AB Objective. Test the hypothesis that glass-bonding of free-form veneer and core ceramic layers can produce robust interfaces, chemically durable and esthetic in appearance and, above all, resistant to delamination.
Methods. Layers of independently produced porcelains (NobelRondo (TM) Press porcelain, Nobel BioCare AB and Sagkura Interaction porcelain, Elephant Dental) and matching alumina or zirconia core ceramics (Procera alumina, Nobel BioCare AB, BioZyramyttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, Cyrtina Dental) were joined with designed glasses, tailored to match thermal expansion coefficients of the components and free of toxic elements. Scanning electron microprobe analysis was used to characterize the chemistry of the joined interfaces, specifically to confirm interdiffusion of ions. Vickers indentations were used to drive controlled corner cracks into the glass interlayers to evaluate the toughness of the interfaces.
Results. The glass-bonded interfaces were found to have robust integrity relative to interfaces fused without glass, or those fused with a resin-based adhesive.
Significance. The structural integrity of the interfaces between porcelain veneers and alumina or zirconia cores is a critical factor in the longevity of all-ceramic dental crowns and fixed dental prostheses. (C) 2011 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Saied, M. A.; Lloyd, I. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Haller, W. K.; Lawn, B. R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lloyd, IK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2135 CHE, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM illoyd@umd.edu
RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012
FU National Research Service Award; NIH NRSA; NIDCR [5F31DE017297, PO1
DEO97659]; University of Maryland
FX Thanks are due to Drs. E. Dianne Rekow, Van Thompson and Yu Zhang at the
New York University College of Dentistry for many discussion; to Dr.
Otto Wilson at Catholic University for assistance with the sol-gel glass
preparation; to Dr. James Lee at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology for assistance with mechanical testing; and to Dr. Phil
Piccoli for assistance with the microprobe analysis. A National Research
Service Award to one of us (Mey A. Saied) is gratefully acknowledged.
Financial support was provided by a NIH NRSA Minority Pre-Doctoral
Fellowship, NIDCR 5F31DE017297, NIDCR PO1 DEO97659, and the University
of Maryland. This work was done is partial fulfillment of dissertation
requirements for Mey A. Saied.
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 10
BP 1011
EP 1016
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.06.008
PG 6
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 831GO
UT WOS:000295717500009
PM 21802131
ER
PT J
AU Kim, K
Wallis, TM
Rice, P
Gu, DZ
Lim, SH
Imtiaz, A
Kabos, P
Filipovic, DS
AF Kim, Kichul
Wallis, T. Mitch
Rice, Paul
Gu, Dazhen
Lim, Sang-Hyun
Imtiaz, Atif
Kabos, Pavel
Filipovic, Dejan S.
TI High-Frequency Characterization of Contact Resistance and Conductivity
of Platinum Nanowires
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE Conductivity; contact resistance; high-frequency characterization;
platinum (Pt) nanowires (NWs)
ID FOCUSED-ION-BEAM; METALLIC NANOWIRES; TRANSPORT
AB Contact resistance and conductivity of individual platinum (Pt) nanowires (NWs) embedded in coplanar waveguide structures are investigated at high frequencies. Two approaches to extract the NW conductivity and contact resistance from two-port S-parameters are developed. The first approach is based on transmission-line theory, while the second approach is based on a lumped-element physics-based model. Full-wave and circuit simulations are used to aid validation and the systematic analysis of both methods. Simulations are compared to calibrated on-wafer measurements of individual Pt NWs. The studies of the transmission-line-based approach reveal that the contact resistance can be determined accurately, but the obtained conductivity is inaccurate. By contrast, the lumped-element approach produces accurate results for both the contact resistance and conductivity of Pt NWs. The lumped-element method is used to determine the contact resistance of about 50 Omega and conductivity of 0.013 times the bulk conductivity of Pt for fabricated Pt NWs with 300-nm diameter.
C1 [Kim, Kichul; Filipovic, Dejan S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wallis, T. Mitch; Gu, Dazhen; Lim, Sang-Hyun; Imtiaz, Atif; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Rice, Paul] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kim, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kkkim@colorado.edu; kabos@boulder.nist.gov; dejan@colorado.edu
RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Center on Nanoscale
Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical
Transducers (iMINT); DARPA [HR0011- 06-1-0048]
FX The work of K. Kim, P. Rice, and D. S. Filipovic was supported by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Center on Nanoscale
Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical
Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program
(HR0011- 06-1-0048).
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9480
EI 1557-9670
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 59
IS 10
SI SI
BP 2647
EP 2654
DI 10.1109/TMTT.2011.2163417
PN 2
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 832BS
UT WOS:000295776000009
ER
PT J
AU Verdal, N
Udovic, TJ
Copley, JRD
Rush, JJ
AF Verdal, Nina
Udovic, Terrence J.
Copley, John R. D.
Rush, John J.
TI Detection of dynamical transitions in hydrogenous materials using
transmission measurements with very cold neutrons
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutron cross section; Phase transformations; Neutron transmission
measurements; Dynamical transitions
ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SLOW-NEUTRONS; PROTON MOTIONS; SCATTERING;
HEXAMETHYLBENZENE
AB We have tested the transmission of very cold neutrons as a method to measure dynamical transitions in hydrogenous materials. Transmitted intensities vs. temperature at 30 angstrom neutron wavelength were measured for four materials that undergo phase transformations associated with changes in dynamics: ammonium iodide, sodium borohydride, hexamethylbenzene, and dicesium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate. In some cases, neutron vibrational spectra above and below the transformation temperatures are compared to the transmission results. The measurements show changes in transmission at or near the transition for all these compounds, reflecting dynamical changes. The results demonstrate that the transmission method is sensitive to motional changes due to a wide range of structural transitions, from first-order to much more subtle order-disorder effects and for both small molecular species and larger molecules. The technique is valuable for rapid (ca. hours) scans of new materials to guide neutron inelastic scattering experiments or to complement the results of other techniques. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Copley, John R. D.; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 184
IS 10
BP 2635
EP 2639
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2011.07.046
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 829CA
UT WOS:000295551700004
ER
PT J
AU Ostashev, VE
Wilson, DK
Vecherin, SN
AF Ostashev, Vladimir E.
Wilson, D. Keith
Vecherin, Sergey N.
TI Effect of randomly varying impedance on the interference of the direct
and ground-reflected waves
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUND-PROPAGATION; MODELS; MEDIA
AB A randomly varying ground impedance is introduced into the solution for the sound field produced by a point source in a homogeneous atmosphere above a flat ground. The results show that in general the ground with a random impedance cannot be represented by an effective, non-random impedance. The behavior of the solution is studied with a relaxation model for the impedance in which porosity and the static flow resistivity are random variables. Mean values and standard deviations are adopted from measurements of two types of ground surfaces. For both surfaces, the mean intensity of the sound field above a random-impedance ground deviates only slightly from the intensity above a non-random impedance. The normalized standard deviation of intensity fluctuations can, however, be greater than one, thus indicating that for a particular realization of the random impedance, the sound intensity might significantly deviate from the intensity for a non-random impedance. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3624817]
C1 [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Wilson, D. Keith; Vecherin, Sergey N.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM vladimir.ostashev@noaa.gov
RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012
OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 130
IS 4
BP 1844
EP 1850
DI 10.1121/1.3624817
PN 1
PG 7
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 832IY
UT WOS:000295799400032
PM 21973338
ER
PT J
AU Roch, MA
Brandes, TS
Patel, B
Barkley, Y
Baumann-Pickering, S
Soldevilla, MS
AF Roch, Marie A.
Brandes, T. Scott
Patel, Bhavesh
Barkley, Yvonne
Baumann-Pickering, Simone
Soldevilla, Melissa S.
TI Automated extraction of odontocete whistle contours
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID KILLER WHALE VOCALIZATIONS; PARTICLE FILTERS; IDENTIFICATION; TRACKING
AB Many odontocetes produce frequency modulated tonal calls known as whistles. The ability to automatically determine time x frequency tracks corresponding to these vocalizations has numerous applications including species description, identification, and density estimation. This work develops and compares two algorithms on a common corpus of nearly one hour of data collected in the Southern California Bight and at Palmyra Atoll. The corpus contains over 3000 whistles from bottlenose dolphins, long- and short-beaked common dolphins, spinner dolphins, and melon-headed whales that have been annotated by a human, and released to the Moby Sound archive. Both algorithms use a common signal processing front end to determine time x frequency peaks from a spectrogram. In the first method, a particle filter performs Bayesian filtering, estimating the contour from the noisy spectral peaks. The second method uses an adaptive polynomial prediction to connect peaks into a graph, merging graphs when they cross. Whistle contours are extracted from graphs using information from both sides of crossings. The particle filter was able to retrieve 71.5% (recall) of the human annotated tonals with 60.8% of the detections being valid (precision). The graph algorithm's recall rate was 80.0% with a precision of 76.9%. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3624821]
C1 [Roch, Marie A.; Patel, Bhavesh] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Brandes, T. Scott] Signal Innovat Grp Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27703 USA.
[Barkley, Yvonne] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Baumann-Pickering, Simone] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
[Soldevilla, Melissa S.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Roch, MA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM marie.roch@sdsu.edu
FU U.S. Navy Environmental Readiness Division; Office of Naval Research
FX We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful
comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Numerous people
contributed to the collection of the data used in this work. We would
like to thank our colleagues at Cascadia Research Collective, the
Scripps Whale Acoustics Lab, and The National University of Singapore's
Marine Mammal Research Laboratory who provided visual confirmations on
our sightings, especially John Calambokidis, Dominique Camacho, Greg
Campbell, Stephen Claussen, Annie Douglas, Erin Falcone, Greg Falxa,
Andrea Havron, Allan Ligon, Megan McKenna, Yeo Kian Peen, Jen Quan,
Nadia Rubio, Greg Schorr, Charles Speed, and Michael Smith, also the
crews of Cal-COFI, the R/V Sproul, the R/P Flip, and the R/V Zenobia. We
also thank Greg Campbell and Liz Henderson for their help with sighting
data and array configurations, and Chris Garsha, Brent Hurley, and Sean
Wiggins for hardware support. Data collection was conducted with
assistance from John Hildebrand and was supported by the U.S. Navy
Environmental Readiness Division, Frank Stone and Ernie Young, and
analysis and algorithm development was supported by the Office of Naval
Research, Mike Weise and Jim Eckman.
NR 33
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 16
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 130
IS 4
BP 2212
EP 2223
DI 10.1121/1.3624821
PN 1
PG 12
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 832IY
UT WOS:000295799400070
PM 21973376
ER
PT J
AU Godin, OA
AF Godin, Oleg A.
TI Scattering of a spherical wave by a small sphere: An elementary solution
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID FREQUENCY SOUND-TRANSMISSION; INTERFACE
AB Wave scattering by objects that are small compared to the wavelength (Rayleigh scattering) is usually studied for plane incident waves. However, knowledge of the full Green's function of the problem becomes necessary when the separation of scatterers from either an interface or each other is comparable to the scatterers' dimensions. Here, an elementary analytic solution is derived for diffraction of a spherical sound wave by a small, soft sphere. The approximate solution is obtained from asymptotic expansions of an exact solution, holds everywhere outside the sphere, and reduces to classical results due to Kelvin and Rayleigh in appropriate special cases. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America
C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Mail Code R PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov
RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011
OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149
FU NAVAIR under STTR [N68335-10-C-0414]
FX This work was supported, in part, by NAVAIR under STTR Contract No.
N68335-10-C-0414. Helpful discussions with I. M. Fuks and P. L. Marston
are gratefully acknowledged.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 130
IS 4
BP EL135
EP EL141
DI 10.1121/1.3629140
PN 1
PG 7
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 832IY
UT WOS:000295799400002
PM 21974482
ER
PT J
AU Meier, DC
Davis, JM
Vicenzi, EP
AF Meier, Douglas C.
Davis, Jeffrey M.
Vicenzi, Edward P.
TI An Examination of Kernite (Na(2)B(4)O(6)(OH)(2)center dot 3H(2)O) Using
X-Ray and Electron Spectroscopies: Quantitative Microanalysis of a
Hydrated Low-Z Mineral
SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE borate; kernite; hydrate; light elements; electron-probe microanalysis
(EPMA); wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS); X-ray
diffraction (XRD); X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS);
variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM); auger electron
spectroscopy (AES)
ID NA2B4O6(OH)2.3H2O; BORON; GLASS
AB Mineral borates, the primary industrial source of boron, are found in a large variety of compositions. One such source, kernite (Na(2)B(4)O(6)(OH)(2)center dot 3H2O), offers an array of challenges for traditional electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA)-it is hygroscopic, an electrical insulator, composed entirely of light elements, and sensitive to both low pressures and the electron beam. However, the approximate stoichiometric composition of kernite can be analyzed with careful preparation, proper selection of reference materials, and attention to the details of quantification procedures, including correction for the time dependency of the sodium X-ray signal. Moreover, a reasonable estimation of the mineral's water content can also be made by comparing the measured oxygen to the calculated stoichiometric oxygen content. X-ray diffraction, variable-pressure electron imaging, and visual inspection elucidate the structural consequences of high vacuum treatment of kernite, while Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm electron beam-driven migration of sodium and oxygen out of the near-surface region (sampling depth approximate to 2 nm). These surface effects are insufficiently large to significantly affect the EPMA results (sampling depth approximate to 400 nm at 5 keV).
C1 [Meier, Douglas C.; Davis, Jeffrey M.; Vicenzi, Edward P.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Vicenzi, Edward P.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.
RP Meier, DC (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr MS8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dmeier@nist.gov
NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 1431-9276
J9 MICROSC MICROANAL
JI Microsc. microanal.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 5
BP 718
EP 727
DI 10.1017/S1431927611000602
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy
SC Materials Science; Microscopy
GA 829UF
UT WOS:000295609100011
PM 21892991
ER
PT J
AU Kira, M
Koch, SW
Smith, RP
Hunter, AE
Cundiff, ST
AF Kira, M.
Koch, S. W.
Smith, R. P.
Hunter, A. E.
Cundiff, S. T.
TI Quantum spectroscopy with Schrodinger-cat states
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SQUEEZED STATES; TELEPORTATION; METROLOGY; COHERENT; CAVITY; LIGHT;
FIELD
AB Laser-spectroscopic techniques that exploit light-matter entanglement promise access to many-body configurations. Their practical implementation, however, is hindered by the large number of coupled states involved. Here, we introduce a scheme to deal with this complexity by combining quantitative experiments with theoretical analysis. We analyse the absorption properties of semiconductor quantum wells and present a converging cluster-expansion transformation that robustly projects a large set of quantitative classical measurements onto the true quantum responses. Classical and quantum sources are shown to yield significantly different results; Schrodinger-cat states can enhance the signal by an order of magnitude. Moreover, squeezing of the source can help to individually control and characterize excitons, biexcitons and electron-hole complexes.
C1 [Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
[Smith, R. P.; Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Smith, R. P.; Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kira, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
EM kira@staff.uni-marburg.de
RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Kira, Mackillo/G-5812-2015
OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197;
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; NSF; NIST; Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation
FX We thank R. P. Mirin, NIST-Boulder, for providing the epitaxially grown
GaAs sample. The Marburg part is supported by the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft and the work at JILA was supported by the NSF and
NIST. S. T. C. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation.
NR 30
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 23
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 10
BP 799
EP 804
DI 10.1038/nphys2091
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 829LX
UT WOS:000295584200020
ER
PT J
AU Schopmeyer, SA
Vroom, PS
Kenyon, JC
AF Schopmeyer, Stephanie A.
Vroom, Peter S.
Kenyon, Jean C.
TI Spatial and Temporal Comparisons of Benthic Composition at Necker
Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
SO PACIFIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS; CORAL-REEFS; PHASE-SHIFTS; LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS;
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ASSEMBLAGES; RESILIENCE; EMPHASIS; DENSITY; HABITAT
AB Necker Island, a remote island located in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, provides a unique opportunity to investigate species-level algal and benthic invertebrate assemblages and assess temporal variation of coral reef ecosystems exposed to minimal anthropogenic impacts. This study provides a robust baseline of common benthic species at Necker Island and their relative abundances before any known ecological response to changing oceanographic conditions. Rapid ecological assessment (REA) methods using photoquadrat imagery from long-term monitoring sites coupled with towed-diver surveys conducted between 2002 and 2006 were analyzed to determine percentage cover of benthic organisms around the island, and macroalgal species lists were compiled from voucher specimens. Benthic substrates were typically dominated by turf algae at all sites for all years, and macroalgal and coral covers were found to be low. A total of 25 macroalgal and 11 anthozoan species was identified. Of these, 13 macroalgal species and one coral species represent new records for Necker Island. Analyses of community similarity found spatial differences among sites in 2006, as well as temporal differences between 2005 and 2006, an outcome primarily driven by significant increases in percentage cover of macroalgae and coral at one site. However, benthic communities observed during extensive towed-diver surveys around Necker Island did not identify significant differences among geographical sectors or years, suggesting that benthic communities are relatively homogeneous. Necker Island contains macroalgal and coral populations similar to those of neighboring reef systems within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, and this study provides a baseline of benthic assemblages for ongoing temporal monitoring.
C1 [Schopmeyer, Stephanie A.; Vroom, Peter S.; Kenyon, Jean C.] Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Schopmeyer, Stephanie A.; Vroom, Peter S.; Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Schopmeyer, SA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM sschopmeyer@rsmas.miami.edu
FU Office of Habitat Conservation at NOAA Fisheries; NOAA
FX Funding from the Office of Habitat Conservation at NOAA Fisheries as
part of NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program supported this work.
Funding to CRED for scientific expeditions to the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program.
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 15
PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS
PI HONOLULU
PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA
SN 0030-8870
EI 1534-6188
J9 PAC SCI
JI Pac. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 65
IS 4
BP 405
EP 417
DI 10.2984/65.4.405
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 833BI
UT WOS:000295856400001
ER
PT J
AU Parker, DM
Dutton, PH
Balazs, GH
AF Parker, Denise M.
Dutton, Peter H.
Balazs, George H.
TI Oceanic Diet and Distribution of Haplotypes for the Green Turtle,
Chelonia mydas, in the Central North Pacific
SO PACIFIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA;
HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; DEBRIS INGESTION; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CARETTA-CARETTA;
EASTERN PACIFIC; ECOLOGY; POPULATION
AB A diet analysis was conducted on the gastrointestinal contents of 10 oceanic green turtles, Chelonia mydas, collected as bycatch mortalities in pelagic fisheries. Size distribution of the green turtles ranged from 30 to 70 cm curved carapace length (CCL). Prey items found indicated pelagic green turtles to be carnivorous with some omnivorous tendencies, foraging within the first 100 m of the water column. Most frequent identifiable prey items were zooplankton, pelagic crustaceans, and mollusks (listed in order of frequency of occurrence, which ranged from 80% to 40% frequency): Pyrosoma spp., Lepas spp. (goose barnacles), amphipods, Carinaria spp. (sea snails), and Cavolinia spp. (sea butterflies). Other coelenterates such as salps, ctenophores, and cnidarians (jellyfish) were also identified. Plastics and anthropogenic debris were commonly found (70% frequency, mean = 4% of gastrointestinal content by volume). The turtles examined consisted of two distinct morphotypes corresponding to the central Pacific and the eastern Pacific green turtle populations. Genetic analysis confirmed turtles of the central Pacific morphotype to be of Hawaiian origin and at least one of the eastern Pacific morphotype turtles to have a mtDNA haplotype found in the population nesting in the Revillagigedo archipelago off Mexico. Other eastern Pacific morphotypical turtles had a different common Mexican haplotype found among the nesting populations throughout Mexico and the Galapagos. Turtles of the central Pacific morphotype were distributed north of the Hawaiian Islands, and turtles of the eastern Pacific morphotype were all encountered south of Hawai'i, suggesting a dichotomy in the oceanic distribution of these two populations. Our records of green turtles as large as 70 cm CCL in pelagic waters suggest that some green turtles, mainly those with eastern Pacific green turtle morphology and mtDNA haplotype, delay their recruitment to nearshore (neritic) habitats or move back and forth between neritic and open ocean waters as adults.
C1 [Parker, Denise M.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Balazs, George H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Parker, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1315 EW Highway SSMC3 F-SF1-13525, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Denise.Parker@noaa.gov
NR 81
TC 21
Z9 25
U1 5
U2 39
PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS
PI HONOLULU
PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA
SN 0030-8870
EI 1534-6188
J9 PAC SCI
JI Pac. Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 65
IS 4
BP 419
EP 431
DI 10.2984/65.4.419
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 833BI
UT WOS:000295856400002
ER
PT J
AU Hu, L
Li, YD
Song, Y
Deng, DF
AF Hu Liang
Li YaoDong
Song Yang
Deng DiFei
TI Seasonal variability in tropical and subtropical convective and
stratiform precipitation of the East Asian monsoon
SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE convective precipitation; stratiform precipitation; Asian monsoon;
seasonal variability
ID DIURNAL VARIABILITY; TRMM PR; RAINFALL; CIRCULATION; PROFILES; REGIONS;
CHINA; MODES; SCALE; YR
AB Seasonal variations in tropical and subtropical convective and stratiform precipitation of the East Asian monsoon are analyzed using 10-year (1998-2007) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) rain products (2A25). Datasets from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) 24 general circulation models (GCMs) are evaluated using TRMM PR rain products in terms of their ability to simulate convective and stratiform precipitation and their deficiencies. The results show that Asian monsoon convective and stratiform precipitation increases significantly after onset of the summer monsoon, but the percentage of convective precipitation clearly decreases over tropical areas while it increases in subtropical regions. The GCMs simulate well the seasonal variation in the contribution of Asian monsoon subtropical convective precipitation to the total rainfall; however, the simulated convective precipitation amount is high while the simulated stratiform precipitation amount is low relative to TRMM measurements, especially over the Asian monsoon tropical region. There is simultaneous TRMM-observed convective and stratiform precipitation in space and time, but GCMs cannot simulate this relationship between convective and stratiform precipitation, resulting in the deficiency of stratiform precipitation simulations.
C1 [Hu Liang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Hu Liang; Li YaoDong; Deng DiFei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Li YaoDong] Beijing Aviat Meteorol Inst, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
[Song Yang] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IM Syst Grp, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Washington, DC USA.
RP Hu, L (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM huliang314@gmail.com
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40428002]; Scientific
Research on Public Causes of China [2004 CB418303]
FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 40428002) and Scientific Research on Public Causes of China
(Grant No. 2004 CB418303).
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 7
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7313
J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI
JI Sci. China-Earth Sci.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 54
IS 10
BP 1595
EP 1603
DI 10.1007/s11430-011-4225-y
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 829MP
UT WOS:000295586800013
ER
PT J
AU Xu, Q
Wei, L
AF Xu, Qin
Wei, Li
TI Measuring information content from observations for data assimilations:
utilities of spectral formulations demonstrated with radar observations
SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID COVARIANCE; SYSTEM; ERROR
AB Utilities of the spectral formulations for measuring information content from observations are explored and demonstrated with real radar data. It is shown that the spectral formulations can be used (i) to precisely compute the information contents from one-dimensional radar data uniformly distributed along the radar beam, (ii) to approximately estimate the information contents from two-dimensional radar observations non-uniformly distributed on the conical surface of radar scan and thus (iii) to estimate the information losses caused by super-observations generated by local averaging with a series of successively coarsened resolutions to find an optimally coarsened resolution for radar data compression with zero or near-zero minimal loss of information. The results obtained from the spectral formulations are verified against the results computed accurately but costly from the singular-value formulations. As the background and observation error power spectra can be derived analytically for the above utilities, the spectral formulations are computationally much more efficient and affordable than the singular-value formulations, even and especially when the background space and observation space are both extremely large and too large to be computed by the singular-value formulations.
C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov
FU ONR [N000141010778]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce
[NA17RJ1227]
FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Jidong Gao and Dr. David Parrish for
their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the
results. The research work was supported by the ONR Grant N000141010778
to CIMMS, the University of Oklahoma. Funding was also provided by
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0280-6495
J9 TELLUS A
JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 63
IS 5
BP 1014
EP 1027
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 827YP
UT WOS:000295466600013
ER
PT J
AU Reiner, JL
O'Connell, SG
Moors, AJ
Kucklick, JR
Becker, PR
Keller, JM
AF Reiner, Jessica L.
O'Connell, Steven G.
Moors, Amanda J.
Kucklick, John R.
Becker, Paul R.
Keller, Jennifer M.
TI Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluorinated Compounds in Beluga Whales
(Delphinapterus leucas) from Alaska
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE FOOD-WEB; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE PFOS; PERFLUOROALKYL
CONTAMINANTS; POLAR BEARS; POLYFLUOROALKYL COMPOUNDS; FLUOROTELOMER
ALCOHOLS; SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; URSUS-MARITIMUS;
UNITED-STATES
AB Wildlife from remote locations have been shown to bioaccumulate perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in their tissues. Twelve PFCs, consisting of perfluorinated carboxylic (PFCA) and sulfonic (PFSA) acids as well as the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursor perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), were measured in livers of 68 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) collected from two subpopulations, Cook Inlet and eastern Chukchi Sea, in Alaska between 1989 and 2006. PFOS and PFOSA were the dominant compounds measured in both beluga stock populations, with overall median concentrations of 10.8 ng/g and 22.8 ng/g, respectively. Long- chain perfluorocarboxylates, PFCAs (9 to 14 carbons), were detected in more than 80% of the samples. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriA) made up a large percentage of the PFCAs measured with median concentrations of 8.49 ng/g and 4.38 ng/g, respectively. To compare differences in location, year, sex, and length, backward stepwise multiple regression models of the individual and total PFC concentrations were used. Spatially, the Cook Inlet belugas had higher concentrations of most PFCAs and PFOS (p < 0.05); however, these belugas had a lower median concentration of PFOSA when compared to belugas from the eastern Chukchi Sea (p < 0.05). Temporal trends indicated most PFCAs, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOSA concentrations increased from 1989 to 2006 (p < 0.05). Males had significantly higher concentrations of PFTriA, Sigma PFCA, and PFOS (p < 0.05). Perfluorononanic acid (PFNA) and PFOS showed a significant decrease in concentration with increasing animal length (p < 0.05). These observations suggest the accumulation of PFCs in belugas is influenced by year, location, sex, and length.
C1 [Reiner, Jessica L.; O'Connell, Steven G.; Moors, Amanda J.; Kucklick, John R.; Becker, Paul R.; Keller, Jennifer M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Reiner, JL (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM jessica.reiner@nist.gov
RI Reiner, Jessica/B-9169-2008; Reiner, Jessica /B-3167-2011
FU Minerals Management Service, U.S. Geological Survey Biological Resources
Division (USGS BRD), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Office of
Protected Resources (Teri Rowles); National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST); NMFS Alaska Region; USGS BRD Alaska Science Center
FX All specimens used in this study were collected and banked through the
Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project with funding support from
the Minerals Management Service, U.S. Geological Survey Biological
Resources Division (USGS BRD), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
Office of Protected Resources (Teri Rowles), and the National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST). The following individuals and
organizations are acknowledged for their aid in the specimen collections
and banking: Robert Suydam, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife
Management; Geoff Carroll, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; Barbara
Mahoney, Brad Smith, and Matt Eagleton, NMFS Western Alaska Field
Office; Geoff York and Kristin Simak, USGS BRD; the Alaska Beluga Whale
Committee; Rebecca Pugh, Barbara Porter, and Lauren Rust, NIST Marine
Environmental Specimen Bank. Funding support for the analysis was
provided by the NMFS Alaska Region and the USGS BRD Alaska Science
Center. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are
identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental
procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor
does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily
the best available for the purpose.
NR 42
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 7
U2 47
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD OCT 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 19
BP 8129
EP 8136
DI 10.1021/es103560q
PG 8
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 825BJ
UT WOS:000295245600024
PM 21309595
ER
PT J
AU Tavazza, F
Levine, LE
Chaka, AM
AF Tavazza, F.
Levine, L. E.
Chaka, A. M.
TI Simulation approaches for studying the conductance behavior of gold
nanowires during tensile deformation
SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 5th International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modeling
CY OCT 04-08, 2010
CL Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, GERMANY
SP IWM, Fraunhofer Inst Mech Mat
HO Univ Freiburg
ID DIMERIZATION; CONTACTS; LENGTH; WIRE
AB Under tensile deformation at 0K, gold nanowires progressively thin through a series of metastable ordered structures down to a single atom chain. The conductances of these one-, two- or three-dimensional evolving self-ordered atomic structures are examined and used as test cases to explore several critical factors that must be considered when performing such calculations. These factors include the level of theory (tight binding, density functional theory, choice of basis set), the electrode geometry, and finally, the correspondence between conductance properties and the electronic band structure. Several example cases are explored.
C1 [Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.; Chaka, A. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ftavazza@nist.gov
NR 39
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0965-0393
J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC
JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 7
AR 074001
DI 10.1088/0965-0393/19/7/074001
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 827ZG
UT WOS:000295468600002
ER
PT J
AU Lu, HY
Akgun, B
Russell, TP
AF Lu, Haiyun
Akgun, Bulent
Russell, Thomas P.
TI Morphological Characterization of a Low-Bandgap Crystalline Polymer:PCBM
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; SELF-ORGANIZATION;
FULLERENE BLENDS; PHASE-SEPARATION; FORCE MICROSCOPY; ACTIVE LAYERS;
FILMS; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE
AB Understanding the morphology of polymer-based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is necessary to improve device efficiencies. Blends of a low-bandgap silole-containing conjugated polymer, poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl) dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl] (PSBTBT) with [6,6] phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were investigated under different processing conditions. The surface morphologies and vertical segregation of the "As-Spun", "Pre-Annealed", and "Post-Annealed" films were studied by scanning force microscopy, contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry, and neutron reflectivity. The results showed that PSBTBT was enriched at the cathode interface in the "As-Spun" films and thermal annealing increased the segregation of PSBTBT to the free surface, while thermal annealing after deposition of the cathode increased the PCBM concentration at the cathode interface. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering showed that the crystallization of PSBTBT and segregation of PCBM occurred during spin coating, and thermal annealing increased the ordering of PSBTBT and enhanced the segregation of the PCBM, forming domains similar to 10 nm in size, leading to an improvement in photo voltaic performance.
C1 [Lu, Haiyun; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Russell, TP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM russell@mail.pse.umass.edu
RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011
FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Science; DOE; Konarka
Inc.; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center; Materials
Science Facilities Network; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic
Energy Science
FX This work is funded by the US Department of Energy Office of Basic
Energy Science (TPR) and the DOE-supported Energy Frontier Research
Center on Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting Solar Energy (HL, TPR)
at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. We are grateful to Konarka
Inc. for providing materials and financial support (HL) during the
course of these studies. HL is also grateful to Dr. Volodimyr Duzhko
(University of Massachusetts-Amherst) for assistance with the UPS
measurements, Dr. Dongguang Wei (Carl Zeiss NTS LLC) for the HRTEM
measurements, and Dr. Tom Mates (UCSB) for the DSIMS measurements.
Support of the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center and its
Materials Science Facilities Network program for facilitating the DSIMS
measurements are acknowledged. Use of the Advanced Light Source at
Berkeley National Laboratory and High Flux Isotope Reactor and
Spallation Neutron Source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, both
supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science,
are also acknowledged.
NR 47
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 65
PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA
SN 1614-6832
J9 ADV ENERGY MATER
JI Adv. Energy Mater.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 1
IS 5
BP 870
EP 878
DI 10.1002/aenm.201100128
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA 823QZ
UT WOS:000295140100023
ER
PT J
AU Brodin, M
Helmig, D
Johnson, B
Oltmans, S
AF Brodin, Molly
Helmig, Detlev
Johnson, Bryan
Oltmans, Samuel
TI Comparison of ozone concentrations on a surface elevation gradient with
balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozone; Surface sites; Mountain transect; High elevation; Ozonesonde
ID SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; SOUTH-POLE; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; MOUNTAINS;
PROFILES; FLUXES
AB Ambient ozone data collected on a ground-level elevation transect in the Colorado Front Range Mountains, spanning an elevation range from 1660 m above sea level (ASL) to 3530 m ASL, were compared to vertical ozonesonde measurements obtained from a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) launch site located just a few kilometers from the lowest elevation site on the surface site elevation transect. Ozonesondes were launched approximately weekly throughout the one-year monitoring period from September 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008, and daily from June 27 to July 11, 2008. Ozonesonde profile data were found to display a variable agreement with the data from the surface sites along the elevation transect. The strongest determinants of the ozone profile behavior were found to be the vertical atmospheric potential temperature profile and season. The surface elevation ozone profile generally matched the sonde profile quite well, capturing all of the same major features. A seasonal relationship for surface ozonesonde concentration differences was found. This difference is smallest in winter and spring, and tends to be slightly positive (i.e. higher ozone at surface sites), with three-month seasonal median values up to 4 ppbv. The difference turns negative (i.e. lower ozone at surface sites) in summer fall, with seasonal median values becoming as large as -13 ppbv. The seasonal cycle in surface ozonesonde differences was minimal for the lowest monitoring site at 1660 m ASL The magnitude of seasonal change increased with elevation to a maximum of 22 ppbv at 3350 m ASL, before then dropping again by more than half at the highest site, which, at 3530 m ASL, is frequently above the mixed layer boundary. Seasonally dependent surface processes, including ozone production in the surface layer and deposition processes are the most likely determinants of seasonal variation in the surface-ozonesonde data relationship. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Brodin, Molly; Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Brodin, Molly] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Johnson, Bryan; Oltmans, Samuel] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Detlev.Helmig@Colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation-LTER [DEB-9211776]; NOAA; CDPHE
FX Some of the ozone data used in this project were generously provided by
the CDPHE. This research has been supported by a National Science
Foundation-LTER grant (DEB-9211776) as well as by funds from NOAA and
CDPHE. We would like to thank to the Bettasso, Sugarloaf, Coughlin
Meadows site hosts, and David Tanner, Jacques Hueber, Adam Eisele, and
Daniel Zurawski for operating assistance with the project, and Michael
O'Neill for the map. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air
Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport
and dispersion model used in this publication.
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 31
BP 5431
EP 5439
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.002
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 822SQ
UT WOS:000295070300004
ER
PT J
AU Mildner, DFR
Barker, JG
Kline, SR
AF Mildner, D. F. R.
Barker, J. G.
Kline, S. R.
TI The effect of gravity on the resolution of small-angle neutron
diffraction peaks
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING
AB The resolution ellipses for neutron diffraction peaks at small scattering vectors lie along lines that point to a position vertically above the beam center on the small-angle scattering detector. This gravity effect is only noticeable for neutron beams at long wavelengths and with large wavelength spreads.
C1 [Mildner, D. F. R.; Barker, J. G.; Kline, S. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM david.mildner@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX The authors thank Boualem Hammouda for critical reading of the
manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation
under agreement No. DMR-0944772.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 44
BP 1127
EP 1129
DI 10.1107/S0021889811033322
PN 5
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 823BW
UT WOS:000295097800028
ER
PT J
AU Elster, C
Toman, B
AF Elster, Clemens
Toman, Blaza
TI Bayesian uncertainty analysis for a regression model versus application
of GUM Supplement 1 to the least-squares estimate
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Application of least-squares as, for instance, in curve fitting is an important tool of data analysis in metrology. It is tempting to employ the supplement 1 to the GUM (GUM-S1) to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the resulting parameter estimates, although doing so is beyond the specified scope of GUM-S1. We compare the result of such a procedure with a Bayesian uncertainty analysis of the corresponding regression model. It is shown that under certain assumptions both analyses yield the same results but this is not true in general. Some simple examples are given which illustrate the similarities and differences between the two approaches.
C1 [Elster, Clemens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[Toman, Blaza] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Elster, C (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
EI 1681-7575
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 5
BP 233
EP 240
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/5/001
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 822VS
UT WOS:000295078800002
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, Z
Francis, O
Vitushkin, L
Palinkas, V
Germak, A
Becker, M
D'Agostino, G
Amalvict, M
Bayer, R
Bilker-Koivula, M
Desogus, S
Faller, J
Falk, R
Hinderer, J
Gagnon, C
Jakob, T
Kalish, E
Kostelecky, J
Lee, CW
Liard, J
Lokshyn, Y
Luck, B
Makinen, J
Mizushima, S
Le Moigne, N
Origlia, C
Pujol, ER
Richard, P
Robertsson, L
Ruess, D
Schmerge, D
Stus, Y
Svitlov, S
Thies, S
Ullrich, C
Van Camp, M
Vitushkin, A
Ji, W
Wilmes, H
AF Jiang, Z.
Francis, O.
Vitushkin, L.
Palinkas, V.
Germak, A.
Becker, M.
D'Agostino, G.
Amalvict, M.
Bayer, R.
Bilker-Koivula, M.
Desogus, S.
Faller, J.
Falk, R.
Hinderer, J.
Gagnon, C.
Jakob, T.
Kalish, E.
Kostelecky, J.
Lee, Chiungwu
Liard, J.
Lokshyn, Y.
Luck, B.
Makinen, J.
Mizushima, S.
Le Moigne, N.
Origlia, C.
Pujol, E. R.
Richard, P.
Robertsson, L.
Ruess, D.
Schmerge, D.
Stus, Y.
Svitlov, S.
Thies, S.
Ullrich, C.
Van Camp, M.
Vitushkin, A.
Ji, W.
Wilmes, H.
TI Final report on the Seventh International Comparison of Absolute
Gravimeters (ICAG 2005)
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAVITY
AB The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Sevres, France, hosted the 7th International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters (ICAG) and the associated Relative Gravity Campaign (RGC) from August to September 2005.
ICAG 2005 was prepared and performed as a metrological pilot study, which aimed:
(1) To determine the gravity comparison reference values;
(2) To determine the offsets of the absolute gravimeters; and
(3) As a pilot study to accumulate experience for the CIPM Key Comparisons.
This document presents a complete and extensive review of the technical protocol and data processing procedures. The 1st ICAG-RGC comparison was held at the BIPM in 1980-1981 and since then meetings have been organized every 4 years.
In this paper, we present an overview of how the meeting was organized, the conditions of BIPM gravimetric sites, technical specifications, data processing strategy and an analysis of the final results. This 7th ICAG final report supersedes all previously published reports.
Readings were obtained from participating instruments, 19 absolute gravimeters and 15 relative gravimeters. Precise levelling measurements were carried out and all measurements were performed on the BIPM micro-gravity network which was specifically designed for the comparison.
C1 [Jiang, Z.; Vitushkin, L.; Robertsson, L.] BIPM, Sevres, France.
[Francis, O.] Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
[Palinkas, V.] GOP, Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog, Ondrejov, Czech Republic.
[Germak, A.; D'Agostino, G.; Desogus, S.; Origlia, C.] Natl Inst Metrol Res INRiM, Turin, Italy.
[Becker, M.; Kostelecky, J.] Darmstadt Univ Technol IPGD, Inst Phys Geodesy, Darmstadt, Germany.
[Amalvict, M.; Hinderer, J.; Luck, B.] EOST, Strasbourg, France.
[Bayer, R.; Jakob, T.; Le Moigne, N.] Univ Montpellier, Dynam Lithosphere Lab, CNRS, F-34059 Montpellier, France.
[Bilker-Koivula, M.; Makinen, J.] FGI, Masala, Finland.
[Faller, J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Falk, R.; Wilmes, H.] Fed Agcy Cartog & Geodesy BKG, Frankfurt, Germany.
[Gagnon, C.; Liard, J.] Nat Resources Canada NRCan, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
[Kalish, E.; Stus, Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Automat & Elect, Novosibirsk, Russia.
[Lee, Chiungwu] Ind Technol Res Inst CMS ITRI, Ctr Measurement Stand, Chinese Taipei, Taiwan.
[Lokshyn, Y.; Svitlov, S.] Inst Metrol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine.
[Mizushima, S.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol NMIJ AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Pujol, E. R.] IGN, Madrid, Spain.
[Richard, P.; Thies, S.] Fed Off Metrol METAS, Bern, Switzerland.
[Ruess, D.; Ullrich, C.] Fed Off Metrol & Surveying BEV, Vienna, Austria.
[Schmerge, D.] US Geol Survey, Longmont, CO USA.
[Van Camp, M.] Royal Observ Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.
[Vitushkin, A.] AOSense Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA.
[Ji, W.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Jiang, Z (reprint author), BIPM, Sevres, France.
EM zjiang@bipm.org; olivier.francis@uni.lu
RI Germak, Alessandro/E-9685-2011; Van Camp, Michel/L-7281-2015
OI Germak, Alessandro/0000-0003-4985-9118; Van Camp,
Michel/0000-0002-2859-3122
NR 17
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 3
U2 15
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 5
BP 246
EP 260
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/5/003
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 822VS
UT WOS:000295078800004
ER
PT J
AU Arp, U
Klein, R
Li, Z
Paustian, W
Richter, M
Shaw, PS
Thornagel, R
AF Arp, U.
Klein, R.
Li, Z.
Paustian, W.
Richter, M.
Shaw, P-S
Thornagel, R.
TI Synchrotron radiation-based bilateral intercomparison of ultraviolet
source calibrations
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SCHUMANN-RUNGE BANDS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM
SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL-IRRADIANCE; HERZBERG CONTINUUM; BESSY-II;
ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; LIQUID WATER; 200 NM; 295 K
AB We report on a successful bilateral intercomparison between the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In both laboratories deuterium lamps were calibrated using the calculability of synchrotron radiation. However, the methods applied in the two laboratories differed significantly. Whereas the calibrations at PTB were performed in vacuum and led to spectral radiant intensities, the measurements at NIST were done in air and resulted in spectral irradiances. Therefore, for this bilateral comparison we not only proved the equivalence of the two measurement procedures, but also the validity of the conversion between the different spectro-radiometric quantities. This successful comparison re-establishes the usefulness of deuterium lamps as transfer standards in the ultraviolet spectral range.
C1 [Arp, U.; Li, Z.; Shaw, P-S] NIST, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Klein, R.; Paustian, W.; Richter, M.; Thornagel, R.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
RP Arp, U (reprint author), NIST, Electron & Opt Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM uwe.arp@nist.gov
RI Richter, Mathias/A-2995-2011;
OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455
NR 55
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 48
IS 5
BP 261
EP 267
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/5/004
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 822VS
UT WOS:000295078800005
ER
PT J
AU Nanninga, N
White, C
Dickson, R
AF Nanninga, N.
White, C.
Dickson, R.
TI Charge Weld Effects on High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Hollow Extruded
AA6082 Profile
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
LA English
DT Article
DE aluminum; automotive; charge weld; coring; extrusion; fatigue; seam weld
ID EXTRUSION WELDS; ALLOY; LIFE
AB Fatigue properties of specimens taken from different locations along the length of a hollow AA6082 extrusion, where charge weld (interface between successive billets in multi-billet extrusions) properties and the degree of coring (accumulation of highly sheared billet surface material at back end of billet) are expected to vary, have been evaluated. The fatigue strength of transverse specimens containing charge welds is lower near the front of the extrusion where the charge weld separation is relatively large. The relationship between fatigue failure and charge weld separation appears to be directly related to charge weld properties. The lower fatigue properties of the specimens are likely associated with early overload fatigue failure along the charge weld interface. Coring does not appear to have significantly affected fatigue behavior.
C1 [Nanninga, N.; White, C.] Michigan Technol Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[Nanninga, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dickson, R.] Hydro Aluminum Technol Ctr, Holland, MI 49423 USA.
RP Nanninga, N (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM nanninga@boulder.nist.gov
RI White, Calvin/F-7981-2011
OI White, Calvin/0000-0003-1299-4375
FU Hydro Aluminum, ASA
FX The authors would like to express their gratitude to Hydro Aluminum, ASA
for the support of this research.
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1059-9495
J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM
JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 7
BP 1235
EP 1241
DI 10.1007/s11665-010-9755-5
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 821GX
UT WOS:000294964100017
ER
PT J
AU Hastings, KK
Jemison, LA
Gelatt, TS
Laake, JL
Pendleton, GW
King, JC
Trites, AW
Pitcher, KW
AF Hastings, K. K.
Jemison, L. A.
Gelatt, T. S.
Laake, J. L.
Pendleton, G. W.
King, J. C.
Trites, A. W.
Pitcher, K. W.
TI Cohort effects and spatial variation in age-specific survival of Steller
sea lions from southeastern Alaska
SO ECOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE age-specific survival; body mass; cohort effect; Eumetopias jubatus;
life-history; marine mammal; natal rookery; otariid; population
dynamics; sex differences; southeastern Alaska; Steller sea lion
AB Information concerning mechanistic processes underlying changes in vital rates and ultimately population growth rate is required to monitor impacts of environmental change on wildlife. We estimated age-specific survival and examined factors influencing survival for a threatened population of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in southeastern Alaska. We used mark-recapture models and data from 1,995 individuals marked at approximately one month of age at four of five rookeries in southeastern Alaska, and resighted from Oregon to the Bering Sea. Average annual survival probability for females was 0.64 for pups and 0.77 for yearlings, and increased from 0.91 to 0.96 from age 3-7 yrs. Annual survival probability of males averaged 0.60 for pups and 0.88 by 7 yrs, resulting in probability of survival to age 7, 33% lower for males compared to females. Pups from northern southeastern Alaska (including an area of low summer population size but rapid growth) were twice as likely to survive to age 7 compared to pups from southern rookeries (including a large, historical, stable rookery). Effects of early conditions on future fitness were observed as (1) environmental conditions in the birth year equally affected first-and second-year survival, and (2) effects of body mass at approximately one month of age were still apparent at 7 yrs. Survival from 0-2 yrs varied among five cohorts by a maximum absolute difference of 0.12. We observed survival costs for long-distance dispersal for males, particularly as juveniles. However, survival was higher for non-pups that dispersed to northern southeastern Alaska, suggesting that moving to an area with greater productivity, greater safety, or lower population size may alleviate a poor start and provide a mechanism for spatial structure for sea lion populations.
C1 [Hastings, K. K.; Jemison, L. A.; Pendleton, G. W.; King, J. C.; Pitcher, K. W.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
[Gelatt, T. S.; Laake, J. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Trites, A. W.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Marine Mammal Res Unit, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Hastings, KK (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
EM kelly.hastings@alaska.gov
RI Trites, Andrew/K-5648-2012
FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Region [NA17FX1079,
NA04NMF4390170, NA08NMF4390544]
FX Special thanks are due Kim Raum-Suryan, Betsy Van Burgh, and Steve Lewis
for many years of devoted work collecting resighting data used in this
study. We also thank the many other individuals who assisted with animal
marking and resighting in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia: N.
Barten, A. Baylis, C. Beck, K. Beckmen, K. Blejwas, B. Braun, K. Burek,
A. Christ, J. Carie, C. Clark, J. Crye, R. Daniel, M. Davies, W. Dunlap,
D. Faquier, C. Flatten, T. Gage, P. Gearin, S. Goodglick, M. Grey, D.
Gummeson, T. Hasse, M. Haulina, G. Himes-Boor, H. Ireland, C. Jewett, S.
Johnson, C. Kaplan, H. Kaplan, M. Kemp, S. Kumagai, C. Kurle, M. Litzow,
D. McCallister, R. Myron, S. Newell, G. O'Corry-Crowe, N. Olmsted, N.
Pinnell, L. Rea, M. Rehberg, C. Rice, J. Richmond, E. Schoen, G.
Sheffield, B. Small, G. Snedgen, G. Snyder, B. Spicer, V. Stegall, C.
Stinchcomb, B. Taylor, M. Telouchkina, J. Thomason, D. Tollit, D. Van
Burgh, J. Ver Hoef, J. Westlund, K. White, and C. Wilson. Our study
benefited greatly from collaborations with other agencies, organizations
and individuals who provided supplemental resight data: the National
Marine Mammal Laboratory (L. Fritz, R. Towell, B. Fadely, K. Chumbley),
the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium (M.
Davies), the Alaska SeaLife Center (J. Maniscalco, P. Parker), Oregon
Department of Fish and Game, Glacier Bay National Park (C. Gabrielle, J.
Neilson), K. Wynne, J. Womble, E. Mathews, K. Harris, and D. Okonek. We
greatly appreciate review of the manuscript by L. Fritz and several
anonymous reviewers. This work was conducted under permits granted by
the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge to the Alaska Department of
Fish and Game for work at Lowrie Island, and under U.S. Marine Mammal
Permits 358-1564, 358-1888 and 14325. Funding for this research was
provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Region,
through awards NA17FX1079, NA04NMF4390170 and NA08NMF4390544 to the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game.
NR 77
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 11
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2150-8925
J9 ECOSPHERE
JI Ecosphere
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 10
AR UNSP 111
DI 10.1890/ES11-00215.1
PG 21
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA V30JA
UT WOS:000208811100005
ER
PT J
AU Remley, KA
Schreurs, D
Henderson, R
Blair, C
AF Remley, Kate A.
Schreurs, Dominique
Henderson, Rashaunda
Blair, Charlotte
TI Women in MTT-S
SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Henderson, Rashaunda] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA.
[Schreurs, Dominique] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium.
RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM microwave.editor@ieee.org; Dominique.Schreurs@esat.kuleuven.be;
Rashaunda.henderson@utdallas.edu; cblair@ieee.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1527-3342
J9 IEEE MICROW MAG
JI IEEE Microw. Mag.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 6
BP 6
EP 12
DI 10.1109/MMM.2011.942000
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 819UE
UT WOS:000294855600001
ER
PT J
AU Brunet, M
Asin, J
Sigro, J
Banon, M
Garcia, F
Aguilar, E
Palenzuela, JE
Peterson, TC
Jones, P
AF Brunet, Manola
Asin, Jesus
Sigro, Javier
Banon, Manuel
Garcia, Francisco
Aguilar, Enric
Esteban Palenzuela, Juan
Peterson, Thomas C.
Jones, Phil
TI The minimization of the screen bias from ancient Western Mediterranean
air temperature records: an exploratory statistical analysis
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE screen bias; long temperature records; inter-screen comparison;
statistical analysis; regression model; Western Mediterranean climates
ID PRESSURE SERIES
AB Here we present an exploratory statistical analysis aimed at the minimization of the 'screen bias' from affected ancient air temperature time series over the Western Mediterranean. Our approach lies in the statistical analysis of about 6 years of daily paired temperature observations taken using the ancient Montsouri shelter and the modern Stevenson screen for daily maximum (T-x) and minimum (T-n) temperature data recorded at two experimental sites: the meteorological gardens of La Coruna and Murcia, Spain (locations under the influence of the Oceanic/Atlantic/Galician and Mediterranean arid and semi-arid climate types, respectively), where ongoing field trials have been carried out. Descriptive statistical analysis of the paired series shows pre-sheltered temperatures tended to induce a strong warm bias in T-x data (of about 1 degrees C at the annual scale but with a clear seasonal cycle with higher values in summer and lower in winter), while T-n readings have a small (similar to 0.2 degrees C, and sustained all year round) cold bias compared to the modern period. Statistical relationships between the screen bias and other related meteorological variables show the highest correlation coefficients between the 'screen bias' and T-x, T-n and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) recorded under the replicated ancient shelters at both locations and point to the reliability of these variables as potential predictors of the Delta T-x. We generate a parsimonious regression model based on the data from both experimental sites, which takes into account polynomial terms of lower order for the predictor variables (T-x and DTR recorded under the ancient shelter) and harmonic terms, in order to represent the seasonal cycle of the screen bias. The goodness-of-fit of the model is satisfactory, as it explains up to 51.7% of the additional Delta T-x variability. Copyright. (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Brunet, Manola; Sigro, Javier; Aguilar, Enric] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Dept Geog, Tarragona 43071, Spain.
[Brunet, Manola; Jones, Phil] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Asin, Jesus] Univ Zaragoza, Stat Methods Dept, Zaragoza 50015, Spain.
[Banon, Manuel] Alicante Meteorol Observ, Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Alicante 03011, Spain.
[Esteban Palenzuela, Juan] Murcian Reg Meteorol Ctr, Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Murcia 30071, Spain.
[Garcia, Francisco] Galician Reg Meteorol Ctr, Agencia Estatal Meteorol, La Coruna 15011, Spain.
[Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Brunet, M (reprint author), Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Av Catalunya 35, Tarragona 43002, Spain.
EM manola.brunet@urv.cat
RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Manola, Brunet-India/E-8239-2010; Aguilar,
Enric/L-4971-2014; ASIN, JESUS/K-8202-2014
OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Manola,
Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X; ASIN, JESUS/0000-0002-0174-789X
FU EU [EVK2-CT-2002-00161]; Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y
Tecnologia [REN2002-0091/CLI, CGL2006-13327-C04-03/CLI,
CGL2006-02485/CLI, CGL2007-65546-C03-02]; US Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-98ER62601]
FX We would like to thank the authorities and staff of the AEMET at both
regional centres (Galicia and Murcia regions) and meteorological gardens
(La Coruna and Murcia- Guadalupe) for their kindness by allowing the
authors to install and operate the MONT replicas in the ongoing
experimental project once the research project grant that made the field
experiment possible is over. We also thank Susan Osborne (NOAA's NCDC)
for her review. This work was supported by: the EU-funded EMULATE
project (EVK2-CT-2002-00161), the Spanish-funded SCREEN project
(Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia: REN2002-0091/CLI),
the CLICAL and ACCEBRO projects (Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y
Tecnologia: CGL2006-13327-C04-03/CLI and CGL2006-02485/CLI) and the
CAFID-EXPI project (Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia:
CGL2007-65546-C03-02). Phil Jones has been supported by the US
Department of Energy (grant DE-FG02-98ER62601)
NR 29
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0899-8418
EI 1097-0088
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 12
BP 1879
EP 1895
DI 10.1002/joc.2192
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826TR
UT WOS:000295378200013
ER
PT J
AU Stamov, DR
Nguyen, TAK
Evans, HM
Pfohl, T
Werner, C
Pompe, T
AF Stamov, Dimitar R.
Nguyen, T. A. Khoa
Evans, Heather M.
Pfohl, Thomas
Werner, Carsten
Pompe, Tilo
TI The impact of heparin intercalation at specific binding sites in
telopeptide-free collagen type I fibrils
SO BIOMATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Collagen type I; Telopeptides; Heparin; Biomechanics; Cell adhesion;
Biomaterials
ID FIBRILLOGENESIS INVITRO; RECONSTITUTED COLLAGEN; MESENCHYMAL STEM;
CELLS; TROPOCOLLAGEN; CONFORMATION; MATRIX; GROWTH; ADHESIONS; ORIGINS
AB Collagen-based biomaterials are currently used as cell culture scaffolds in tissue engineering approaches. These materials are being developed with increased functional complexity, such as the incorporation of glycosaminoglycans. Our study shows the impact of heparin intercalation at specific binding sites in telopeptide-free collagen fibrils in terms of their structure, mechanics, and cell response. We demonstrate that heparin binds specifically and in a competitive manner along the tropocollagen helix at places that are occupied in vivo by telopeptides in fibrillar collagen type I. On the basis of this finding, we elucidate the reason for the in vivo dogma that heparin does not intercalate in fibrillar collagens. We further reveal the direct relationship among structure, mechanics, and function in terms of the effect of incorporation of intercalated heparin on the fibrillar structure, fibrillar bending modulus and flexural rigidity and the dynamic response of adherent cells to collagen scaffolds. This tight relationship is considered particularly important when designing xenogeneic scaffolds based on natural collagen type I to trigger cell proliferation and differentiation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pompe, Tilo] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biochem, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
[Stamov, Dimitar R.; Nguyen, T. A. Khoa; Werner, Carsten; Pompe, Tilo] Max Bergmann Ctr Biomat, Leibniz Inst Polymer Res Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
[Stamov, Dimitar R.] KIT, DFG Ctr Funct Nanostruct, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Nguyen, T. A. Khoa] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich ETH, Automated Control Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Evans, Heather M.; Pfohl, Thomas] Max Planck Inst Dynam & Self Org, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany.
[Evans, Heather M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pfohl, Thomas] Univ Basel, Dept Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
[Werner, Carsten] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
RP Pompe, T (reprint author), Univ Leipzig, Inst Biochem, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
EM werner@ipfdd.de; tilo.pompe@uni-leipzig.de
RI Werner, Carsten/F-8127-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Umlauf,
Ursula/D-3356-2014; Pfohl, Thomas/D-7296-2016;
OI Werner, Carsten/0000-0003-0189-3448; Pfohl, Thomas/0000-0002-7879-5216;
Stamov, Dimitar/0000-0003-3140-3235; Pompe, Tilo/0000-0003-1508-4959
NR 43
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0142-9612
J9 BIOMATERIALS
JI Biomaterials
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 30
BP 7444
EP 7453
DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.031
PG 10
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 819LW
UT WOS:000294829300016
PM 21783249
ER
PT J
AU Fullerton, AH
Lindley, ST
Pess, GR
Feist, BE
Steel, EA
McElhany, P
AF Fullerton, Aimee H.
Lindley, Steven T.
Pess, George R.
Feist, Blake E.
Steel, E. Ashley
McElhany, Paul
TI Human Influence on the Spatial Structure of Threatened Pacific Salmon
Metapopulations
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE anthropogenic; connectivity; network; spatial analysis; viability
ID GRAPH-THEORETIC APPROACH; EXTINCTION RISK; LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS;
HABITAT QUALITY; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS;
BARRIERS; NETWORK
AB To remain viable, populations must be resilient to both natural and human-caused environmental changes. We evaluated anthropogenic effects on spatial connections among populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) (designated as threatened under the U. S. Endangered Species Act) in the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers. For several anthropogenic-effects scenarios, we used graph theory to characterize the spatial relation among populations. We plotted variance in population size against connectivity among populations. In our scenarios, reduced habitat quality decreased the size of populations and hydropower dams on rivers led to the extirpation of several populations, both of which decreased connectivity. Operation of fish hatcheries increased connectivity among populations and led to patchy or panmictic populations. On the basis of our results, we believe recolonization of the upper Cowlitz River by fall and spring Chinook and winter steelhead would best restore metapopulation structure to near-historical conditions. Extant populations that would best conserve connectivity would be those inhabiting the Molalla (spring Chinook), lower Cowlitz, or Clackamas (fall Chinook) rivers and the south Santiam (winter steelhead) and north fork Lewis rivers (summer steelhead). Populations in these rivers were putative sources; however, they were not always the most abundant or centrally located populations. This result would not have been obvious if we had not considered relations among populations in a metapopulation context. Our results suggest that dispersal rate strongly controls interactions among the populations that comprise salmon metapopulations. Thus, monitoring efforts could lead to understanding of the true rates at which wild and hatchery fish disperse. Our application of graph theory allowed us to visualize how metapopulation structure might respond to human activity. The method could be easily extended to evaluations of anthropogenic effects on other stream-dwelling populations and communities and could help prioritize among competing conservation measures.
C1 [Fullerton, Aimee H.; Pess, George R.; Feist, Blake E.; McElhany, Paul] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Stn, Olympia, WA 98103 USA.
RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov
RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014;
OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411; Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center
FX We thank B. Burke, J. Jorgensen, A. Walters, J. Williams, R. Zabel, and
3 anonymous referees for critical review of the manuscript. Funding was
provided by an internal grant to A. H. F. from the Northwest Fisheries
Science Center.
NR 47
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 59
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 5
BP 932
EP 944
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01718.x
PG 13
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 820LT
UT WOS:000294908000011
PM 21797926
ER
PT J
AU Giner, JL
Wikfors, GH
AF Giner, Jose-Luis
Wikfors, Gary H.
TI "Dinoflagellate Sterols" in marine diatoms
SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE 23-Methyl sterols; 27-Norsterols; Chemotaxonomy; Diatoms;
Dinoflagellates; Marine algae; Marine lipids; Marine sterols
ID UNSATURATED SIDE-CHAINS; FATTY-ACIDS; TERTIARY ENDOSYMBIOSIS; TOXIC
DINOFLAGELLATE; 4-METHYL STEROLS; ALGAE; DINOSTEROL; GORGOSTEROL;
STEREOCHEMISTRY; BACILLARIOPHYTA
AB Sterol compositions for three diatom species, recently shown to contain sterols with side chains typically found in dinoflagellates, were determined by HPLC and (1)H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The centric diatom Triceratium dubium (= Biddulphia sp., CCMP 147) contained the highest percentage of 23-methylated sterols (37.2% (24R)-23-methylergosta-5,22-dienol), whereas the pennate diatom Delphineis sp. (CCMP 1095) contained the cyclopropyl sterol gorgosterol, as well as the 27-norsterol occelasterol. The sterol composition of Ditylum brightwellii (CCMP 358) was the most complex, containing Delta(0)- and Delta(7)-sterols, in addition to the predominant Delta(5)-sterols. A pair of previously unknown sterols, stigmasta-5,24,28-trienol and stigmasta-24,28-dienol, were detected in D. brightwellii and their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic analysis and by synthesis of the former sterol from saringosterol. Also detected in D. brightwellii was the previously unknown 23-methylcholesta-7,22-dienol. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Giner, Jose-Luis] SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Giner, JL (reprint author), SUNY ESF, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM jlginer@syr.edu
NR 47
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0031-9422
J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY
JI Phytochemistry
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 72
IS 14-15
BP 1896
EP 1901
DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.05.002
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences
GA 821KG
UT WOS:000294973300025
PM 21621802
ER
PT J
AU Moore, AM
Arango, HG
Broquet, G
Edwards, C
Veneziani, M
Powell, B
Foley, D
Doyle, JD
Costa, D
Robinson, P
AF Moore, Andrew M.
Arango, Hernan G.
Broquet, Gregoire
Edwards, Chris
Veneziani, Milena
Powell, Brian
Foley, Dave
Doyle, James D.
Costa, Dan
Robinson, Patrick
TI The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational data
assimilation systems Part II - Performance and application to the
California Current System
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; INVERSE METHODS; ANALYSIS-ERROR; ENSEMBLE; SEA;
TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; FORMULATION; DIAGNOSIS; 4D-VAR
AB The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation systems have been systematically applied to the mesoscale circulation environment of the California Current to demonstrate the performance and practical utility of the various components of ROMS 4D-Var. In particular, we present a comparison of three approaches to 4D-Var, namely: the primal formulation of the incremental strong constraint approach: the dual formulation "physical-space statistical analysis system": and the dual formulation indirect representer approach. In agreement with theoretical considerations all three approaches converge to the same ocean circulation estimate when using the same observations and prior information. However, the rate of convergence of the dual formulation was found to be inferior to that of the primal formulation. Other aspects of the 4D-Var performance that relate to the use of multiple outer-loops, preconditioning, and the weak constraint are also explored. A systematic evaluation of the impact of the various components of the 4D-Var control vector (i.e. the initial conditions, surface forcing and open boundary conditions) is also presented. It is shown that correcting for uncertainties in the model initial conditions exerts the largest influence on the ability of the model to fit the available observations. Various important diagnostics of 4D-Var are also examined, including estimates of the posterior error, the information content of the observation array, and innovation-based consistency checks on the prior error assumptions. Using these diagnostic tools, we find that more than 90% of the observations assimilated into the model provide redundant information. This is a symptom of the large percentage of satellite data that are used and to some extent the nature of the data processing employed. This is the second in a series of three papers describing the ROMS 4D-Var systems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moore, Andrew M.; Edwards, Chris; Veneziani, Milena] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Arango, Hernan G.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Broquet, Gregoire] CEA Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Powell, Brian] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Foley, Dave] NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
[Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Costa, Dan; Robinson, Patrick] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Moore, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM ammoore@ucsc.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-06-1-0406,
N00014-08-1-0556, N00014-10-1-0322, 0601153N]; National Science
Foundation [OCE-0628690, OCE-0121176, OCE-0121506]; National Ocean
Partnership Program [NA05-NOS4731242]
FX We are grateful for the continued and unwavering support of the Office
of Naval Research (N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-06-1-0406, N00014-08-1-0556,
N00014-10-1-0322). Development of R4D-Var and 4D-PSAS was also supported
by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0628690, OCE-0121176,
OCE-0121506). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the National Science Foundation. Part of this work was also
supported by the National Ocean Partnership Program (NA05-NOS4731242).
J. Doyle acknowledges support through the Office of Naval Research's
Program Element 0601153N. We are also indebted to Anthony Weaver at
CERFACS for countless discussions and much advice on various 4D-Var
issues. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the Naval Research
Laboratory.
NR 47
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 18
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 1
BP 50
EP 73
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.003
PG 24
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 820XK
UT WOS:000294939200003
ER
PT J
AU Moore, AM
Arango, HG
Broquet, G
Edwards, C
Veneziani, M
Powell, B
Foley, D
Doyle, JD
Costa, D
Robinson, P
AF Moore, Andrew M.
Arango, Hernan G.
Broquet, Gregoire
Edwards, Chris
Veneziani, Milena
Powell, Brian
Foley, Dave
Doyle, James D.
Costa, Dan
Robinson, Patrick
TI The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational data
assimilation systems Part III - Observation impact and observation
sensitivity in the California Current System
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; ADJOINT; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; FORMULATION;
STRATEGY; 4D-VAR; LAYER
AB The critical role played by observations during ocean data assimilation was explored when the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system was applied sequentially to the California Current circulation. The adjoint of the 4D-Var gain matrix was used to quantify the impact of individual observations and observation platforms on different aspects of the 4D-Var circulation estimates during both analysis and subsequent forecast cycles. In this study we focus on the alongshore and cross-shore transport of the California Current System associated with wind-induced coastal upwelling along the central California coast. The majority of the observations available during any given analysis cycle are from satellite platforms in the form of SST and SSH, and on average these data exert the largest controlling influence on the analysis increments and forecast skill of coastal transport. However, subsurface in situ observations from Argo floats, CTDs, XBTs and tagged marine mammals often have a considerable impact on analyses and forecasts of coastal transport, even though these observations represent a relatively small fraction of the available data at any particular time.
During 4D-Var the observations are used to correct for uncertainties in the model control variables, namely the initial conditions, surface forcing, and open boundary conditions. It is found that correcting for uncertainties in both the initial conditions and surface forcing has the largest impact on the analysis increments in alongshore transport, while the cross-shore transport is controlled mainly by the surface forcing. The memory of the circulation associated with the control variable increments was also explored in relation to 7 day forecasts of the coastal circulation. Despite the importance of correcting for surface forcing uncertainties during analysis cycles, the coastal transport during forecast cycles initialized from the analyses has less memory of the surface forcing corrections, and is controlled primarily by the analysis initial conditions.
Using the adjoint of the entire 4D-Var system we have also explored the sensitivity of the coastal transport to changes in the observations and the observation array. A single integration of the adjoint of 4D-Var can be used to predict the change that occurs when observations from different platforms are omitted from the 4D-Var analysis. Thus observing system experiments can be performed for each data assimilation cycle at a fraction of the computational cost that would be required to repeat the 4D-Var analyses when observations are withheld. This is the third part of a three part series describing the ROMS 4D-Var systems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moore, Andrew M.; Edwards, Chris; Veneziani, Milena] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Arango, Hernan G.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Broquet, Gregoire] CEA Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Powell, Brian] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Foley, Dave] NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
[Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA.
[Costa, Dan; Robinson, Patrick] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Moore, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
EM ammoore@ucsc.edu
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-06-1-0406,
N0001408-1-0556, N00014-10-1-0322, 0601153N]; National Science
Foundation [OCE-0628690, OCE-0121176, OCE-0121506]; National Ocean
Partnership Program [NA05NOS4731242]
FX We are grateful for the continued support of the Office of Naval
Research (N00014-01-1-0209, N00014-06-1-0406, N0001408-1-0556,
N00014-10-1-0322), and for support from the National Science Foundation
(OCE-0628690, OCE-0121176, OCE-0121506) and the National Ocean
Partnership Program (NA05NOS4731242). Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed here are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science
Foundation. J. Doyle acknowledges support through the Office of Naval
Research's Program Element 0601153N. We are also eternally grateful for
countless invaluable discussions during the development of ROMS 4D-Var
with Mike Fisher, a guru of numerical algorithms. COAMPS is a registered
trademark of the Naval Research Laboratory.
NR 33
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 1
BP 74
EP 94
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.005
PG 21
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 820XK
UT WOS:000294939200004
ER
PT J
AU Able, KW
Allen, DM
Bath-Martin, G
Hare, JA
Hoss, DE
Marancik, KE
Powles, PM
Richardson, DE
Taylor, JC
Walsh, HJ
Warlen, SM
Wenner, C
AF Able, Kenneth W.
Allen, Dennis M.
Bath-Martin, Gretchen
Hare, Jonathan A.
Hoss, Donald E.
Marancik, Katrin E.
Powles, Perce M.
Richardson, David E.
Taylor, J. Christopher
Walsh, Harvey J.
Warlen, Stanley M.
Wenner, Charles
TI Life history and habitat use of the speckled worm eel, Myrophis
punctatus, along the east coast of the United States
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Speckled worm eel; Myrophis punctatus; Life history; Leptocephali;
Metamorphosis
ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; LARVAL FISH ASSEMBLAGES; NORTH-CAROLINA INLETS;
ANGUILLA-ROSTRATA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BEAUFORT INLET; TEMPORAL
DISTRIBUTION; LEPTOCEPHALUS LARVAE; SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES;
BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS
AB Many species of fishes along the east coast of the United States have complex life histories, especially those that move over hundreds of kilometers across ocean and estuarine habitats. To further unravel the life history of one of these, the speckled worm eel, Myrophis punctatus we examined samples from extensive time series and discrete samples collected in the ocean and estuaries between Florida and Massachusetts. We now surmise spawning occurs between fall and early winter in the ocean south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina and in the vicinity of the Bahamas. The pelagic leptocephalus larvae (10-80 mm Total Length [TL]) are transported north in the Gulf Stream and across the continental shelf to arrive at estuarine inlets at ages of 53 - 110 days. Their estuarine immigration and abundance varies along the east coast, with higher levels occurring at inlets in South Carolina (North Inlet), and North Carolina (Beaufort Inlet), during the winter and early spring. Much lower abundances occur in New Jersey (Little Egg Inlet) in winter and spring and again in the summer. These ingressing individuals were euryodontic leptocephali and metamorphic stages and were shrinking to lengths of 76-52 mm TL as these stages progressed. Metamorphic individuals and glass eels subsequently settle and burrow in estuarine sediments, as do all subsequent stages, and thereby become relatively unavailable to many sampling gears. In estuaries they attained sizes up to 440 mm TL. Later, they presumably enter the ocean to spawn because that is where the smallest larvae are found.
C1 [Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA.
[Allen, Dennis M.] Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Field Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA.
[Hare, Jonathan A.; Marancik, Katrin E.; Richardson, David E.; Walsh, Harvey J.] NOAA NMFS NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Bath-Martin, Gretchen; Hoss, Donald E.; Taylor, J. Christopher; Warlen, Stanley M.] NOAA NMFS SEFSC, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Powles, Perce M.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
[Wenner, Charles] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resource Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA.
RP Able, KW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Marine Field Stn, 800 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA.
EM able@marine.rutgers.edu
FU Rutgers University Marine Field Station; Jacques Cousteau, Rachel
Carson, and North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserves;
National Science Foundation [OCE 9876565, OCE 0136132]
FX Funding for this analysis was provided by the Rutgers University Marine
Field Station and the Jacques Cousteau, Rachel Carson, and North
Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserves. They also
provided access to various physical data sets in the respective
estuaries. We would also like to acknowledge all of the long hours put
in by numerous individuals to keep these estuarine time series going, in
particular: S. Szedlmayer, R. Hagan, A. Muzeni, D. Witting and J.
Caridad for detailed examination of collections at Little Egg Inlet.
Beaufort Inlet samples were collected by scores of individuals over two
decades-to whom we are grateful for their dedication and persistence. We
thank the staff of the Zaklad Sortowania i Oznaczania Planktonu Szczecin
Poland for their hard work and dedication in processing the Beaufort
Inlet ingress samples. At North Inlet, thanks go to dozens of
individuals who helped maintain the time series and/or otherwise
contributed to our knowledge of larval fishes in the area, and
especially to V. Ogburn-Matthews, P. D. Kenny, T. Buck, J. Garwood, S.
Luthy, and D. L. Barker. The ichthyoplankton collections from Delaware
Bay to southern Georgia were supported by funding from the National
Science Foundation through OCE 9876565 to C. Jones, S. Thorrold, A.
Valle Levinson, and J. Hare. Straits of Florida sampling was supported
by a grant to R. K. Cowen, S. Sponaugle, S. Smith, K. Leamon and D.
Olson from the National Science Foundation (OCE 0136132). C. Guigand, J.
Llopiz, and many others contributed to this sampling. S. Searcy
collected and C. Hoss illustrated the elver. M. Wuenschel estimated the
swimming speeds. T. Malatesta and others at RUMFS helped make
observations of burial behavior. M. Miller offered advice on the
interpretation of larvae distribution from his prior collections. M.
Fahay, J. Govoni and M. McClear commented on earlier versions of the
manuscript. This paper was the result of collaboration as part of the
Coastal Collaboration on Recruitment (CCOR). This paper is Rutgers
University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Contribution No.
2011-4.
NR 83
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U1 2
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 2
BP 237
EP 259
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9837-8
PG 23
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 815XT
UT WOS:000294564000011
ER
PT J
AU Choi, YM
Gweon, DG
AF Choi, Young-Man
Gweon, Dae-Gab
TI A High-Precision Dual-Servo Stage Using Halbach Linear Active Magnetic
Bearings
SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Electromagnets; magnetic levitation; motion control
AB In this paper, a high-precision dual-servo stage with a magnetically levitated fine stage is described. For magnetic levitation, a Halbach linear active magnetic bearing (HLAMB) is used. The HLAMB has two functions: gravity compensation and actively control of vertical motion. To implement these functions, the HLAMB utilizes permanent magnet arrays and Lorentz coils. The fine stage has positioning capabilities with 6 DOF due to four HLAMBs and four voice coil motors (VCM). The HLAMBs control out-of-plane motions, and the VCM control in-plane motions. The fine stage achieves high-precision position feedback using laser interferometers and capacitive sensors. The coarse stage has an H-type structure that can carry the fine stage 300 mm by 300 mm along the x- and y-axes. Positioning and scanning performances are verified by the experimental results. It has +/- 10 and +/- 15 nm in-position stability in the x- and y-axes, respectively. At the scan with 10 mm/s constant velocity, +/- 1 nm mean tracking error and 4.7 nm jitter were obtained.
C1 [Gweon, Dae-Gab] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Choi, YM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
EM ymanchoi@kaist.ac.kr; dggweon@kaist.ac.kr
RI Gweon, Dae Gab/C-1957-2011
NR 14
TC 39
Z9 45
U1 3
U2 18
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1083-4435
J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH
JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 16
IS 5
BP 925
EP 931
DI 10.1109/TMECH.2010.2056694
PG 7
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering,
Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA 815SU
UT WOS:000294550100018
ER
PT J
AU Falchi, F
Cinzano, P
Elvidge, CD
Keith, DM
Haim, A
AF Falchi, Fabio
Cinzano, Pierantonio
Elvidge, Christopher D.
Keith, David M.
Haim, Abraham
TI Limiting the impact of light pollution on human health, environment and
stellar visibility
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Light pollution; Light technology; Sustainable lighting; Health and
light at night
ID BREAST-CANCER; CIRCADIAN DISRUPTION; MELATONIN REGULATION; ACTION
SPECTRUM; SHIFT-WORK; NIGHT; PHOTORECEPTOR; SECRETION; PATHWAY; CLOCKS
AB Light pollution is one of the most rapidly increasing types of environmental degradation. Its levels have been growing exponentially over the natural nocturnal lighting levels provided by starlight and moonlight. To limit this pollution several effective practices have been defined: the use of shielding on lighting fixture to prevent direct upward light, particularly at low angles above the horizon: no over lighting, i.e. avoid using higher lighting levels than strictly needed for the task, constraining illumination to the area where it is needed and the time it will be used. Nevertheless, even after the best control of the light distribution is reached and when the proper quantity of light is used, some upward light emission remains, due to reflections from the lit surfaces and atmospheric scatter. The environmental impact of this "residual light pollution", cannot be neglected and should be limited too. Here we propose a new way to limit the effects of this residual light pollution on wildlife, human health and stellar visibility. We performed analysis of the spectra of common types of lamps for external use, including the new LEDs. We evaluated their emissions relative to the spectral response functions of human eye photoreceptors, in the photopic, scotopic and the 'meltopic' melatonin suppressing bands. We found that the amount of pollution is strongly dependent on the spectral characteristics of the lamps, with the more environmentally friendly lamps being low pressure sodium, followed by high pressure sodium. Most polluting are the lamps with a strong blue emission, like Metal Halide and white LEDs. Migration from the now widely used sodium lamps to white lamps (MH and LEDs) would produce an increase of pollution in the scotopic and melatonin suppression bands of more than five times the present levels, supposing the same photopic installed flux. This increase will exacerbate known and possible unknown effects of light pollution on human health, environment and on visual perception of the Universe by humans. We present quantitative criteria to evaluate the lamps based on their spectral emissions and we suggest regulatory limits for future lighting. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Falchi, Fabio; Cinzano, Pierantonio] Ist Sci & Tecnol Inquinamento Luminoso, I-36106 Thiene, Italy.
[Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Keith, David M.] Marshall Design Inc, Boulder, CO USA.
[Haim, Abraham] Univ Haifa, Israeli Ctr Interdisciplinary Studies Chronobiol, IL-31905 Haifa, Israel.
RP Falchi, F (reprint author), Ist Sci & Tecnol Inquinamento Luminoso, Via Roma 13, I-36106 Thiene, Italy.
EM falchi@lightpollution.it
RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009
NR 56
TC 97
Z9 98
U1 13
U2 127
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0301-4797
EI 1095-8630
J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE
JI J. Environ. Manage.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 10
BP 2714
EP 2722
DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.029
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 816GE
UT WOS:000294585900044
PM 21745709
ER
PT J
AU Cannon, SH
Boldt, EM
Laber, JL
Kean, JW
Staley, DM
AF Cannon, Susan H.
Boldt, Eric M.
Laber, Jayme L.
Kean, Jason W.
Staley, Dennis M.
TI Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for postfire debris-flow
emergency-response planning
SO NATURAL HAZARDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Debris flows; Floods; Rainfall thresholds; Wildfires
ID SHALLOW LANDSLIDES; BURNED AREAS
AB Following wildfires, emergency-response and public-safety agencies can be faced with evacuation and resource-deployment decisions well in advance of coming winter storms and during storms themselves. Information critical to these decisions is provided for recently burned areas in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. A compilation of information on the hydrologic response to winter storms from recently burned areas in southern California steeplands is used to develop a system for classifying magnitudes of hydrologic response. The four-class system describes combinations of reported volumes of individual debris flows, consequences of debris flows and floods in an urban setting, and spatial extents of the hydrologic response. The range of rainfall conditions associated with different magnitude classes is defined by integrating local rainfall data with the response magnitude information. Magnitude I events can be expected when within-storm rainfall accumulations (A) of given durations (D) fall above the threshold A = 0.4D (0.5) and below A = 0.5D (0.6) for durations greater than 1 h. Magnitude II events will be generated in response to rainfall accumulations and durations between A = 0.4D (0.5) and A = 0.9D (0.5) for durations less than 1 h, and between A = 0.5D (0.6) and A = 0.9D (0.5) or durations greater than 1 h. Magnitude III events can be expected in response to rainfall conditions above the threshold A = 0.9D (0.5). Rainfall threshold-magnitude relations are linked with potential emergency-response actions as an emergency-response decision chart, which leads a user through steps to determine potential event magnitudes and identify possible evacuation and resource-deployment levels. Use of this information in planning and response decision-making process could result in increased safety for both the public and emergency responders.
C1 [Cannon, Susan H.; Kean, Jason W.; Staley, Dennis M.] US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, DFC, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
[Boldt, Eric M.; Laber, Jayme L.] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Oxnard, CA 93030 USA.
RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Landslide Hazards Program, DFC, Box 25046,MS 966, Denver, CO 80225 USA.
EM cannon@usgs.gov
OI Kean, Jason/0000-0003-3089-0369
NR 28
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U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0921-030X
J9 NAT HAZARDS
JI Nat. Hazards
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 59
IS 1
BP 209
EP 236
DI 10.1007/s11069-011-9747-2
PG 28
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 815QJ
UT WOS:000294540500011
ER
PT J
AU Apeti, DA
Lauenstein, GG
Christensen, JD
Johnson, EW
Mason, A
AF Apeti, Dennis A.
Lauenstein, Gunnar G.
Christensen, John D.
Johnson, Edward W.
Mason, Andrew
TI Assessment of coastal storm impacts on contaminant body burdens of
oysters collected from the gulf of Mexico
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Tropical storms; Oyster; Metals; Organic contaminants; Body burden
ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; HEMOCYTES; EXPOSURE; KATRINA
AB This study evaluated changes in oyster tissue contaminant levels following North Atlantic tropical cyclones to determine if changes in contaminant concentrations were predictable. The basis for this study was analysis of coastal chemical contaminant data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program and NOAA's National Weather Service storm track data. The tendency for contaminant (metals and organic compounds) body burdens to increase or decrease in oyster tissue after a storm was assessed using contingency and correspondence analyses. Post-storm contaminant levels in oysters revealed a consistent pattern of distribution, which could be described as follows: (1) most of the organic contaminants stay within their long-term concentration ranges, (2) very few organic contaminants decreased, and (3) metals overwhelmingly tend to increase.
C1 [Apeti, Dennis A.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.; Christensen, John D.; Johnson, Edward W.; Mason, Andrew] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Apeti, DA (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM dennis.apeti@noaa.gov; gunnar.lauenstein@noaa.gov;
john.christensen@noaa.gov; ed.johnson@noaa.gov; andrew.mason@noaa.gov
NR 41
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U1 0
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 181
IS 1-4
BP 399
EP 418
DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1837-1
PG 20
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 812AE
UT WOS:000294259300030
PM 21193956
ER
PT J
AU Konicek, AR
Jaye, C
Hamilton, MA
Sawyer, WG
Fischer, DA
Carpick, RW
AF Konicek, A. R.
Jaye, C.
Hamilton, M. A.
Sawyer, W. G.
Fischer, D. A.
Carpick, R. W.
TI Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Imaging of Spherical and Flat
Counterfaces of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Tribological Contacts: A
Correlation of Surface Chemistry and Friction
SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Friction mechanisms; Solid lubrication friction; Spectroscopy; Humidity;
Diamond; Carbon; Solid lubrication mechanisms; Solid lubrication wear;
Coatings; NEXAFS
ID PHOTOEMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; DLC FILMS; CARBON;
SPECTROMICROSCOPY; INTERFACE; COATINGS
AB A recently installed synchrotron radiation near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) full field imaging electron spectrometer was used to spatially resolve the chemical changes of both counterfaces from an ultra- nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) tribological contact. A silicon flat and Si(3)N(4) sphere were both coated with UNCD, and employed to form two wear tracks on the flat in a linear reciprocating tribometer. The first wear track was produced using a new, unconditioned sphere whose surface was thus conditioned during this first experiment. This led to faster run-in and lower friction when producing a second wear track using the conditioned sphere. The large depth of field of the magnetically guided NEXAFS imaging detector enabled rapid, large area spectromicroscopic imaging of both the spherical and flat surfaces. Laterally resolved NEXAFS data from the tribological contact area revealed that both substrates had an as-grown surface layer that contained a higher fraction of sp (2)-bonded carbon and oxygen which was mechanically removed. Unlike the flat, the film on the sphere showed evidence of having graphitic character, both before and after sliding. These results show that the graphitic character of the sphere is not solely responsible for low friction and short run-in. Rather, conditioning the sphere, likely by removing asperities and passivating dangling bonds, leads to lower friction with less chemical modification of the substrate in subsequent tests. The new NEXAFS imaging spectroscopy detector enabled a more complete understanding of the tribological phenomena by imaging, for the first time, the surface chemistry of the spherical counterface which had been in continual contact during wear track formation.
C1 [Konicek, A. R.; Jaye, C.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Konicek, A. R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Hamilton, M. A.; Carpick, R. W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Sawyer, W. G.] Univ Florida, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Konicek, AR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andy.konicek@gmail.com
RI Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008
OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227
FU Air Force [FA9550-08-1-0024]; Nano/Bio Interface Center through the
National Science Foundation NSEC [DMR08-32802]; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NIST SBIR [SB1341-04-C-0021]
FX Funding was provided by Air Force grant FA9550-08-1-0024. This study was
partially supported by the Nano/Bio Interface Center through the
National Science Foundation NSEC DMR08-32802. Use of the Center for
Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The LARIAT
was developed by Synchrotron Research, Inc. under NIST SBIR
funding/Contract No. SB1341-04-C-0021. Certain commercial names are
mentioned in this manuscript for purpose of example; this does not
constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. The authors thank E. Principe for a critical reading of the
manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. A. V. Sumant for
coating flats and spheres with UNCD.
NR 24
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U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1023-8883
J9 TRIBOL LETT
JI Tribol. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 44
IS 1
BP 99
EP 106
DI 10.1007/s11249-011-9832-4
PG 8
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 814RX
UT WOS:000294475900011
ER
PT J
AU Cram, JM
Kiffney, PM
Klett, R
Edmonds, RL
AF Cram, Jeremy M.
Kiffney, Peter M.
Klett, Ryan
Edmonds, Robert L.
TI Do fall additions of salmon carcasses benefit food webs in experimental
streams?
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Salmon carcasses; Aquatic food web; Salmon-derived nutrients;
Experimental streams; Recolonization
ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA;
RESIDENT SALMONIDS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SPAWNING SALMON; PRODUCTIVITY;
ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT
AB Research showing that salmon carcasses support the productivity and biodiversity of aquatic and riparian ecosystems has been conducted over a variety of spatial and temporal scales. In some studies, carcasses were manipulated in a single pulse or loading rate or manipulations occurred during summer and early fall, rather than simulating the natural dynamic of an extended spawning period, a gradient of loading rates, or testing carcass effects in late fall-early winter when some salmon stocks in the US Pacific Northwest spawn. To address these discrepancies, we manipulated salmon carcass biomass in 16 experimental channels located in the sunlit floodplain of the Cedar River, WA, USA between mid-September and mid-December, 2006. Total carcass loads ranged from 0-4.0 kg/m(2) (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 kg/m(2), n = 2 per treatment) and were added to mimic the temporal dynamic of an extended spawning period. We found little evidence that carcasses influenced primary producer biomass or fish growth; however, nutrients and some primary consumer populations increased with loading rate. These effects varied through time, however. We hypothesize that the variable effects of carcasses were a result of ambient abiotic condition, such as light, temperature and disturbance that constrained trophic response. There was some evidence to suggest peak responses for primary producers and consumers occurred at a loading rate of similar to 1.0-2.0 kg/m(2), which was similar to other experimental studies conducted during summer.
C1 [Cram, Jeremy M.; Klett, Ryan; Edmonds, Robert L.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Cram, Jeremy M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Kiffney, Peter M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Biol Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
[Kiffney, Peter M.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, N-2418 Elverum, Norway.
RP Cram, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jeremycram@gmail.com
FU Cedar River Anadromous Fish Committee; Seattle Public Utilities (SPU)
FX The Cedar River Anadromous Fish Committee and Seattle Public Utilities
(SPU) provided funding for this research. Research was conducted under
permits issued by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
(protocol #3315-03) and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
(WDFW scientific collection permit #359). WDFW also provided carcasses
from their hatchery program. P. Faulds and C. DeVries of SPU, and A.
Goodwin, and K. Macneale of NOAA Fisheries were essential to the success
of this project. T. Quinn provided valuable comments on the manuscript.
University of Washington students J. Black, P. Ying, M. Blankenship, and
E. Calaunan spent countless hours identifying and sorting invertebrates.
NR 43
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U1 3
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
EI 1573-5117
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 675
IS 1
BP 197
EP 209
DI 10.1007/s10750-011-0819-9
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 804HA
UT WOS:000293643700019
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, DS
Hoeting, JA
AF Johnson, Devin S.
Hoeting, Jennifer A.
TI Properties of graphical regression models for multidimensional
categorical data
SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Chain graph; Contingency table; Discrete regression model; Graphical
models
ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; CHAIN GRAPHS; VARIABLES
AB We propose a two-component graphical chain model, the discrete regression distribution, where a set of discrete random variables is modeled as a response to a set of categorical and continuous covariates. The proposed model is useful for modeling a set of discrete variables measured at multiple sites along with a set of continuous and/or discrete covariates. The proposed model allows for joint examination of the dependence structure of the discrete response and observed covariates and also accommodates site-to-site variability. We develop the graphical model properties and theoretical justifications of this model. Our model has several advantages over the traditional logistic normal model used to analyze similar compositional data, including site-specific random effect terms and the incorporation of discrete and continuous covariates. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Hoeting, Jennifer A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov
FU STAR by the US Environmental Protection Agency [CR-829095]
FX The authors would like to thank J. Ver Hoef and J. Laake for their
suggestions. This work was partially funded by STAR Research Assistance
Agreement CR-829095 awarded to Colorado State University by the US
Environmental Protection Agency. The views expressed here are solely
those of authors and not the EPA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7152
J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT
JI Stat. Probab. Lett.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 81
IS 10
BP 1471
EP 1475
DI 10.1016/j.spl.2011.05.003
PG 5
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 802BU
UT WOS:000293485100001
ER
PT J
AU Young, WA
Millie, DF
Weckman, GR
Anderson, JS
Klarer, DM
Fahnenstiel, GL
AF Young, William A., II
Millie, David F.
Weckman, Gary R.
Anderson, Jerone S.
Klarer, David M.
Fahnenstiel, Gary L.
TI Modeling net ecosystem metabolism with an artificial neural network and
Bayesian belief network
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE Artificial neural networks; Bayesian belief networks; Knowledge
extraction; Net ecosystem metabolism
ID ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES; US ESTUARIES; MANAGEMENT; RIVER; RESPIRATION;
UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY
AB Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) utilizing select environmental variables were developed and evaluated, with the intent to model net ecosystem metabolism (a proxy for system trophic state) within a freshwater wetland. Network modeling was completed independently for distinct data subsets, representing periods of low' and 'high' water levels throughout in the wetland. ANNs and BBNs were 'benchmarked' against traditional parametric analyses, with network architectures outperforming regression models. ANNs delivered the greatest predictive accuracy for NEM and did not require expert knowledge about system variables for their development. BBNs provided users with an interactive diagram depicting predictor interaction and the qualitative/quantitative effects of variable dynamics upon NEM, thereby affording better information extraction. Importantly, BBNs accommodated the imbalanced nature of the dataset and appeared less affected (than ANNs) with variable auto-correlation traits that are typically observed within large and 'noisy' environmental datasets. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Young, William A., II; Weckman, Gary R.; Anderson, Jerone S.] Ohio Univ, Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Stocker Ctr 285, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Millie, David F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Klarer, David M.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources W, Huron, OH 44839 USA.
[Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
RP Young, WA (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Russ Coll Engn & Technol, Stocker Ctr 285, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
EM william.a.young.2@ohio.edu
RI Sexton, Susan/E-9348-2012
FU Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
FX Funding for this research was provided by a fellowship grant-in-aid from
the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource
Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration. The contribution number for this research is 1589 of the
NOAA-Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory and is a product of a
multi-disciplinary research program that includes; the Center of
Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health, Oceans and Human Health
Initiative of NOAA's Office of Global Programs. the Cooperative
Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, the University of
Michigan, and NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. The
authors express appreciation to personnel of Old Woman Creek State
Nature Preserve and National Estuarine Research Reserve for provision of
data.
NR 48
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Z9 14
U1 2
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
EI 1873-6726
J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW
JI Environ. Modell. Softw.
PD OCT
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 10
BP 1199
EP 1210
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.04.004
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 788GQ
UT WOS:000292433800004
ER
PT J
AU Safronova, MS
Kozlov, MG
Clark, CW
AF Safronova, M. S.
Kozlov, M. G.
Clark, Charles W.
TI Precision Calculation of Blackbody Radiation Shifts for Optical
Frequency Metrology
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIUM ION; STANDARD
AB We show that three group IIIB divalent ions, B(+), Al(+), and In(+), have anomalously small blackbody radiation (BBR) shifts of the ns(2) (1)S(0) - nsnp (3)P(0)(o) clock transitions. The fractional BBR shifts for these ions are at least 10 times smaller than those of any other present or proposed optical frequency standards at the same temperature, and are less than 0.3% of the Sr clock shift. We have developed a hybrid configuration-interaction + coupled-cluster method that provides accurate treatment of correlation corrections in such ions and yields a rigorous upper bound on the uncertainty of the final results. We reduce the BBR contribution to the fractional frequency uncertainty of the Al(+) clock to 4 x 10(-19) at T 300 K. We also reduce the uncertainties due to this effect at room temperature to 10(-18) level for B(+) and In(+) to facilitate further development of these systems for metrology and quantum sensing.
C1 [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Kozlov, M. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia.
[Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Safronova, MS (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RI Kozlov, Mikhail/D-8963-2011; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009
OI Kozlov, Mikhail/0000-0002-7751-6553; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885
FU U.S. Department of Commerce; National Institute of Standards and
Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center
[PHY-0822671]; Office of Naval Research; RFBR [11-02-00943]
FX This research was performed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department
of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was
supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers
Center Grant No. PHY-0822671 and by the Office of Naval Research. The
work of M. G. K was supported in part by RFBR Grant No. 11-02-00943.
NR 20
TC 46
Z9 47
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 14
AR 143006
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.143006
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 838JT
UT WOS:000296285800009
PM 22107192
ER
PT J
AU Yaron, PN
Holt, BD
Short, PA
Losche, M
Islam, MF
Dahl, KN
AF Yaron, Peter N.
Holt, Brian D.
Short, Philip A.
Loesche, Mathias
Islam, Mohammad F.
Dahl, Kris Noel
TI Single wall carbon nanotubes enter cells by endocytosis and not membrane
penetration
SO JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE; CELLULAR UPTAKE;
PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE TRACKING;
WATER-INTERFACE; AIR-WATER; MONOLAYERS; NANOPARTICLES
AB Background: Carbon nanotubes are increasingly being tested for use in cellular applications. Determining the mode of entry is essential to control and regulate specific interactions with cells, to understand toxicological effects of nanotubes, and to develop nanotube-based cellular technologies. We investigated cellular uptake of Pluronic copolymer-stabilized, purified similar to 145 nm long single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) through a series of complementary cellular, cell-mimetic, and in vitro model membrane experiments.
Results: SWCNTs localized within fluorescently labeled endosomes, and confocal Raman spectroscopy showed a dramatic reduction in SWCNT uptake into cells at 4 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C. These data suggest energy-dependent endocytosis, as shown previously. We also examined the possibility for non-specific physical penetration of SWCNTs through the plasma membrane. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Langmuir monolayer film balance measurements showed that Pluronic-stabilized SWCNTs associated with membranes but did not possess sufficient insertion energy to penetrate through the membrane. SWCNTs associated with vesicles made from plasma membranes but did not rupture the vesicles.
Conclusions: These measurements, combined, demonstrate that Pluronic-stabilized SWCNTs only enter cells via energy-dependent endocytosis, and association of SWCNTs to membrane likely increases uptake.
C1 [Islam, Mohammad F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Yaron, Peter N.; Dahl, Kris Noel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Holt, Brian D.; Short, Philip A.; Loesche, Mathias; Dahl, Kris Noel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Loesche, Mathias] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Islam, MF (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM mohammad@cmu.edu; krisdahl@cmu.edu
RI Islam, Mohammad/B-7211-2011; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013;
OI Islam, Mohammad/0000-0001-9253-3709; Losche,
Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; Dahl, Kris/0000-0002-3874-1547; Holt,
Brian/0000-0003-4212-4821
FU NSF [CBET-0708418, DMR-0619424]; Sloan Foundation; NIH [1P01 AG032131];
Bertucci Graduate Fellowship; National Defense Science and Engineering
FX We thank Matteo Broccio, Rima Buvytyte (Vilnius University) and Haw-Zan
Goh for help with the EIS studies and David Vanderah at the
NIST-CSTL/IBBR for a sample of the tether lipid HC18. This work was
supported by the NSF (CBET-0708418 & DMR-0619424 to KND and MFI), the
Sloan Foundation (MFI), the NIH (1P01 AG032131 to ML), the Bertucci
Graduate Fellowship (BDH), and the National Defense Science and
Engineering Graduate Fellowship (BDH).
NR 58
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U1 1
U2 54
PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND
SN 1477-3155
J9 J NANOBIOTECHNOL
JI J. Nanobiotechnol.
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 9
AR 45
DI 10.1186/1477-3155-9-45
PG 15
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA 834DD
UT WOS:000295938400001
PM 21961562
ER
PT J
AU Gaston, CJ
Furutani, H
Guazzotti, SA
Coffee, KR
Bates, TS
Quinn, PK
Aluwihare, LI
Mitchell, BG
Prather, KA
AF Gaston, Cassandra J.
Furutani, Hiroshi
Guazzotti, Sergio A.
Coffee, Keith R.
Bates, Timothy S.
Quinn, Patricia K.
Aluwihare, Lihini I.
Mitchell, B. Gregory
Prather, Kimberly A.
TI Unique ocean-derived particles serve as a proxy for changes in ocean
chemistry
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSPARENT EXOPOLYMER
PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; AIR-SEA
INTERFACE; ORGANIC-MATTER; INDIAN-OCEAN; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS;
DETECTION EFFICIENCIES
AB Oceans represent a significant natural source of gases and particles to the atmosphere. Relative to gas phase compounds, less is known regarding the influence of changes in biological activity in the ocean on the chemistry of sea spray aerosols produced in marine environments. To gain insight into the influence of ocean biology and chemistry on atmospheric aerosol chemistry, simultaneous real-time measurements were made of atmospheric aerosol size and chemical mixing-state, gas phase dimethyl sulfide (DMS), as well as seawater DMS and chlorophyll a. In three different marine environments with elevated chlorophyll a and DMS, unique Mg particles were detected containing Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and organic carbon. These particles were segregated from sea salt particles highlighting that two subpopulations within the sea spray were being ejected from the ocean. Strong temporal correlations were observed between these unique ocean-derived particles and freshly emitted sea salt particles (R-2 = 0.86), particularly as wind speed increased to at least 10 m/s, and atmospheric DMS (R-2 = 0.76). Time series correlations between ocean measurements and atmospheric aerosol chemistry suggest that chlorophyll a and DMS serve as indicators of changes in the chemistry of the ocean, most likely an increase in organic material, which is directly reflected in the single particle mixing-state. This is the first time such real-time correlations are shown between ocean chemistry and atmospheric aerosol mixing-state. The reasons behind these observed changes in aerosol chemistry are critical for understanding the heterogeneous reactivity, water uptake, and cloud forming potential of sea spray aerosols.
C1 [Gaston, Cassandra J.; Aluwihare, Lihini I.; Mitchell, B. Gregory; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Furutani, Hiroshi; Guazzotti, Sergio A.; Coffee, Keith R.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Furutani, Hiroshi] Univ Tokyo, Atmos & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan.
[Guazzotti, Sergio A.] Thermo Fisher Sci, San Jose, CA USA.
[Coffee, Keith R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Gaston, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM kprather@ucsd.edu
RI Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn,
Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Quinn,
Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
FU National Science Foundation [0296170, 1038028]; NOAA; NASA SIMBIOS;
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory through the Aerosol Chemistry and
Climate Institute
FX The authors thank L. M. Russell, V. Ramanathan, R. von Glasow, P.
Crutzen, F. Azam, and G. Poon for valuable discussions and help in
editing this manuscript. We also thank J. Holecek, M. Spencer, and D.
Sodeman for data collection. The authors acknowledge the National
Science Foundation grant 0296170, National Science Foundation grant
1038028, and NOAA for the funding to conduct this research. Support for
B. G. Mitchell was provided by NASA SIMBIOS and NOAA. Support for C. J.
Gaston was provided by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory through the
Aerosol Chemistry and Climate Institute. NOAA/ESRL/GMD provided wind
speed data for CIFEX. L. E. Hatch is acknowledged for help with editing
this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank anonymous
reviewers for their suggestions and comments.
NR 86
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 5
U2 41
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D18310
DI 10.1029/2010JD015289
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 828XG
UT WOS:000295537000002
ER
PT J
AU Kravitz, B
Robock, A
Bourassa, A
Deshler, T
Wu, DC
Mattis, I
Finger, F
Hoffmann, A
Ritter, C
Bitar, L
Duck, TJ
Barnes, JE
AF Kravitz, Ben
Robock, Alan
Bourassa, Adam
Deshler, Terry
Wu, Decheng
Mattis, Ina
Finger, Fanny
Hoffmann, Anne
Ritter, Christoph
Bitar, Lubna
Duck, Thomas J.
Barnes, John E.
TI Simulation and observations of stratospheric aerosols from the 2009
Sarychev volcanic eruption
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID RAMAN LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; LIMB SCATTERED SUNLIGHT; OPTICAL DEPTH;
IN-SITU; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PINATUBO AEROSOL; GISS MODELE; EXTINCTION;
CLOUDS; SO2
AB We used a general circulation model of Earth's climate to conduct simulations of the 12-16 June 2009 eruption of Sarychev volcano (48.1 degrees N, 153.2 degrees E). The model simulates the formation and transport of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol cloud from the eruption and the resulting climate response. We compared optical depth results from these simulations with limb scatter measurements from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS), in situ measurements from balloon-borne instruments lofted from Laramie, Wyoming (41.3 degrees N, 105.7 degrees W), and five lidar stations located throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The aerosol cloud covered most of the Northern Hemisphere, extending slightly into the tropics, with peak backscatter measured between 12 and 16 km in altitude. Aerosol concentrations returned to near-background levels by spring 2010. After accounting for expected sources of discrepancy between each of the data sources, the magnitudes and spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth due to the eruption largely agree. In conducting the simulations, we likely overestimated both particle size and the amount of SO2 injected into the stratosphere, resulting in modeled optical depth values that were a factor of 2-4 too high. Modeled optical depth due to the eruption shows a peak too late in high latitudes and too early in low latitudes, suggesting a problem with stratospheric circulation in the model. The model also shows a higher decay rate in optical depth than is observed, showing an inaccuracy in stratospheric removal rates in some seasons. The modeled removal rate of sulfate aerosols from the Sarychev eruption is higher than the rate calculated for aerosols from the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.
C1 [Kravitz, Ben; Robock, Alan] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Bourassa, Adam] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
[Deshler, Terry] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
[Wu, Decheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Atmospher Composit & Opt Radiat, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Decheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Hefei, Peoples R China.
[Mattis, Ina; Finger, Fanny] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Hoffmann, Anne; Ritter, Christoph] Helmholtz Assoc, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Bitar, Lubna; Duck, Thomas J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada.
[Barnes, John E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Mauna Loa Observ, Earth Syst Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Bitar, Lubna] Meteorol Serv Canada, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Kravitz, B (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM bkravitz@carnegie.stanford.edu
RI Pfuller, Anne/I-1273-2012; Kravitz, Ben/P-7925-2014; Robock,
Alan/B-6385-2016;
OI Kravitz, Ben/0000-0001-6318-1150; Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Sweden
(SNSB); Canada (CSA); France (CNES); Finland (Tekes); NSF [ATM-0730452,
ATM-0437406]
FX We thank Arlin Krueger for estimates of SO2 loading, Jim
Haywood for his generous help in providing us with useful measurements
on which we based some of our calculations, Mark Miller for helpful
discussion of our results, and the reviewers for their comments. We
thank Jason Hopper, Kimiko Sakamoto, Stephen Doyle, and Chris Hung for
operating the Dalhousie Raman Lidar. The KARL lidar was operated by
AWIPEV base personnel Henning Kirk and Marcus Schumacher, and Sun
photometer data were provided and processed by Andreas Herber and Maria
Stock. Model development and computer time at the Goddard Institute for
Space Studies were supported by National Aeronautics and Space
Administration climate modeling grants. OSIRIS work was supported in
part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
and the Canadian Space Agency. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project
funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), France (CNES), and
Finland (Tekes). The work of B. Kravitz and A. Robock was supported by
NSF grant ATM-0730452. The in situ particle measurements from Laramie
were supported by NSF grant ATM-0437406.
NR 63
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Z9 18
U1 3
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D18211
DI 10.1029/2010JD015501
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 828XG
UT WOS:000295537000004
ER
PT J
AU Pour-Biazar, A
Khan, M
Wang, LH
Park, YH
Newchurch, M
McNider, RT
Liu, X
Byun, DW
Cameron, R
AF Pour-Biazar, Arastoo
Khan, Maudood
Wang, Lihua
Park, Yun-Hee
Newchurch, Mike
McNider, Richard T.
Liu, Xiong
Byun, Daewon W.
Cameron, Robert
TI Utilization of satellite observation of ozone and aerosols in providing
initial and boundary condition for regional air quality studies
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOSCALE METEOROLOGICAL MODEL; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; EMISSIONS;
SYSTEM; LAYER
AB To demonstrate the efficacy of satellite observations in the realization of the background and transboundary transport of pollution in regional air quality modeling practices, satellite observations of ozone and aerosol optical depth were incorporated in the EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (http://www.cmascenter.org). Observations from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura satellite and AOD products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites were used to specify initial and lateral boundary conditions (IC/BC) for a simulation that spanned over August 2006. The tools and techniques using the satellite data were tested in the context of current regulatory air quality modeling practices. Daily satellite observations were remapped onto the modeling domain and used as IC/BC for daily segments of a month-long simulation and the results were evaluated against surface and ozonesonde observations. Compared to the standard application of CMAQ, OMI O-3 profiles significantly improved model performance in the free troposphere and MODIS aerosol products substantially improved PM2.5 predictions in the boundary layer. The utilization of satellite data for BC helped in the realization of transboundary transport of pollution and was able to explain the recirculation of pollution from Northeast Corridor to the southeastern region. Ozone in the mid- to upper-troposphere was largely dominated by transport and thus benefited most from satellite provided BC. The ozone within the boundary layer was mostly affected by fast production/loss mechanisms that are impacted by surface emissions, chemistry and removal processes and was not impacted as much. A case study for August 18-22 demonstrated that model errors in the placement of a stationary front were the main reason for errors in PM2.5 predictions as the front acted as a boundary between high and low PM2.5 concentrations.
C1 [Pour-Biazar, Arastoo; McNider, Richard T.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
[Cameron, Robert] Bur Ocean Energy Management Regulat & Enforcement, Gulf Mexico OCS Reg, New Orleans, LA 70123 USA.
[Khan, Maudood; Wang, Lihua] Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
[Newchurch, Mike] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
[Liu, Xiong] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Byun, Daewon W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Pour-Biazar, A (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA.
EM biazar@nsstc.uah.edu
RI Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014
OI Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X
FU University of Alabama in Huntsville; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,
Regulation and Enforcement on Gulf of Mexico Issues; NASA
FX This work was accomplished under partial support from Cooperative
Agreement Between the University of Alabama in Huntsville and the Bureau
of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement on Gulf of Mexico
Issues, and the NASA Science Mission Directorate Applied Sciences
Program.
NR 50
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D18309
DI 10.1029/2010JD015200
PG 32
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 828XG
UT WOS:000295537000001
ER
PT J
AU Bozec, A
Lozier, MS
Chassignet, EP
Halliwell, GR
AF Bozec, Alexandra
Lozier, M. Susan
Chassignet, Eric P.
Halliwell, George R.
TI On the variability of the Mediterranean Outflow Water in the North
Atlantic from 1948 to 2006
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; VERTICAL COORDINATE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; OVERFLOW
WATER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORDIC SEAS; CLIMATOLOGY; OSCILLATION;
SIGNATURES; INFLOW
AB Recent work has shown that variability in the properties and/or transport of Mediterranean Seawaters spilling across the Strait of Gibraltar into the North Atlantic have had little impact on the variability of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) in the that basin over the past fifty years. Here we investigate whether circulation changes are the dominant source of MOW variability in the North Atlantic between 1948 and 2006. Using a 1/3 degrees North Atlantic configuration of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model combined with the Marginal Sea Boundary Condition model, two simulations forced by either climatological or interannual atmospheric fields are performed. The interannual simulation reproduces the observed MOW variability without Mediterranean Seawater changes. Thus, we conclude that MOW variability in the last 60 years is a consequence of circulation changes in the North Atlantic. A series of simulations that separate the mechanical effect of the wind from the impact of buoyancy forcing show that MOW variability can be attributed to shifts between its dominant northward and westward pathways. The pathway shifts from predominantly northward between 1950 and 1975 to predominantly westward between 1975 and 1995 and finally back to northward after 1995. Though these pathway shifts appear to be wind-induced, the property changes are caused by the combined impact of wind and buoyancy forcing on the circulation of the North Atlantic.
C1 [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
[Halliwell, George R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Lozier, M. Susan] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
RP Bozec, A (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Predict Studies, 227 RM Johnson Bldg,2035 E Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
EM abozec@coaps.fsu.edu
RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011
OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X
FU National Science Foundation
FX The authors thank Zulema Garraffo for her help in this work and Kristi
Cashman-Burkholder for providing the HYDROBASE/ODV. This research was
supported by the National Science Foundation. Simulations were performed
at the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder,
Colorado.
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 116
AR C09033
DI 10.1029/2011JC007191
PG 18
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 828UE
UT WOS:000295527800003
ER
PT J
AU Li, J
Paraoanu, GS
Cicak, K
Altomare, F
Park, JI
Simmonds, RW
Sillanpaa, MA
Hakonen, PJ
AF Li, Jian
Paraoanu, G. S.
Cicak, Katarina
Altomare, Fabio
Park, Jae I.
Simmonds, Raymond W.
Sillanpaa, Mika A.
Hakonen, Pertti J.
TI Decoherence, Autler-Townes effect, and dark states in two-tone driving
of a three-level superconducting system
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION;
NONLINEAR OPTICS; GROUP-VELOCITY; ATOMIC MEDIUM; LIGHT; INFORMATION;
STORAGE; VAPOR; SPIN
AB We present a detailed theoretical analysis of a multilevel quantum system coupled to two radiation fields and subject to decoherence. We concentrate on an effect known from quantum optics as Autler-Townes splitting, which has been recently demonstrated experimentally [M. A. Sillanp et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 193601 (2009)] in a superconducting phase qubit. In the three-level approximation, we derive analytical solutions and describe how they can be used to extract the decoherence rates and to account for the measurement data. Better agreement with the experiment can be obtained by extending this model to five levels. Finally, we investigate the stationary states created in the experiment and show that their structure is close to that of dark states.
C1 [Li, Jian; Paraoanu, G. S.; Sillanpaa, Mika A.; Hakonen, Pertti J.] Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
[Cicak, Katarina; Altomare, Fabio; Park, Jae I.; Simmonds, Raymond W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Li, J (reprint author), Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, POB 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
EM jianli@ltl.tkk.fi
RI Hakonen, Pertti/E-7688-2012; Sillanpaa, Mika/A-3554-2013; Paraoanu,
Gheorghe/F-9142-2013; Li, Jian/J-8081-2014
OI Hakonen, Pertti/0000-0002-8247-4108; Paraoanu,
Gheorghe/0000-0003-0057-7275;
FU Academy of Finland [129896, 118122, 130058, 135135]; National Graduate
School of Material Physics; NIST; European Research Council (StG)
FX G.S.P. thanks Petr Anisimov for useful discussions. We acknowledge
financial support from the Academy of Finland (no. 129896, 118122,
130058, and 135135), from the National Graduate School of Material
Physics, from NIST, and from the European Research Council (StG).
NR 49
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 10
AR 104527
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.104527
PG 17
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 828FA
UT WOS:000295485700011
ER
PT J
AU Ledley, TS
Dahlman, L
McAuliffe, C
Haddad, N
Taber, MR
Domenico, B
Lynds, S
Grogan, M
AF Ledley, Tamara Shapiro
Dahlman, Luann
McAuliffe, Carla
Haddad, Nick
Taber, Michael R.
Domenico, Ben
Lynds, Susan
Grogan, Marian
TI Making Earth Science Data Accessible and Usable in Education
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Ledley, Tamara Shapiro; McAuliffe, Carla; Haddad, Nick; Grogan, Marian] TERC, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA.
[Dahlman, Luann] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Taber, Michael R.] Colorado Coll, Dept Educ, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA.
[Domenico, Ben] UCAR, Unidata Program Ctr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Lynds, Susan] Univ Colorado Boulder, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Ledley, TS (reprint author), TERC, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA.
EM tamara_ledley@terc.edu
NR 5
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD SEP 30
PY 2011
VL 333
IS 6051
BP 1838
EP 1839
DI 10.1126/science.1199348
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 826PJ
UT WOS:000295365800041
PM 21960621
ER
PT J
AU Kwon, EY
Sarmiento, JL
Toggweiler, JR
DeVries, T
AF Kwon, Eun Young
Sarmiento, Jorge L.
Toggweiler, J. R.
DeVries, Tim
TI The control of atmospheric pCO(2) by ocean ventilation change: The
effect of the oceanic storage of biogenic carbon
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CO2 CONCENTRATION; CYCLE;
CIRCULATION; MODEL; CLIMATE; WATER; RISE; STRATIFICATION
AB A simple analytical framework is developed relating the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 to the globally-averaged concentrations of respired carbon ((C-soft) over bar) and dissolved carbonate (C-soft) over bar in the ocean. Assuming that the inventory of carbon is conserved in the ocean-atmosphere system (i.e. no seawater-sediment interactions), the resulting formula of Delta pCO(2)/pCO(2) = -0.0053 Delta (C-soft) over bar + 0.0034 Delta (C-carb) over bar suggests that atmospheric pCO(2) would decrease by 5.3% and increase by 3.4% when (C-soft) over bar and (C-carb) over bar increase by 10 mu mol kg(-1), respectively. Using this analytical framework along with a 3-D global ocean biogeochemistry model, we show that the response of atmospheric pCO(2) to changes in ocean circulation is rather modest because similar to 30% of the change in atmospheric pCO(2) caused by the accumulation of respired carbon is countered by a concomitant accumulation of dissolved carbonate in deep waters. Among the suite of circulation models examined here, the largest reduction in atmospheric pCO(2) of 44-88 ppm occurs in a model where reduced overturning rates of both southern and northern sourced deep waters result in a four-fold increase in the Southern Ocean deep water ventilation age. On the other hand, when the ventilation rate of the southern-sourced water decreases, but the overturning rate of North Atlantic Deep Water increases, the resulting decrease in atmospheric pCO(2) is only 14-34 ppm. The large uncertainty ranges in atmospheric pCO(2) arise from uncertainty in how surface productivity responds to circulation change. Although the uncertainty is large, this study suggests that a synchronously reduced rate for the deep water formation in both hemispheres could lead to the large glacial reduction in atmospheric pCO(2) of 80-100 ppm.
C1 [Kwon, Eun Young; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[DeVries, Tim] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM ekwon@princeton.edu; jls@princeton.edu; robbie.toggweiler@noaa.gov;
tdevries@atmos.ucla.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OCE0623647, ANT-1040957]; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4310096]
FX We thank Daniel Sigman, Mathis Hain and Jess Adkins for constructive and
insightful discussions of this work. We also thank Francois Primeau and
Jaime Palter for their review of an earlier version of this manuscript.
T.D. would like to thank support from National Science Foundation grant
OCE0623647 award to F. Primeau at UCI. E.Y.K. and J.L.S. acknowledge
award NA07OAR4310096 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and award ANT-1040957 from the National Science
Foundation. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or the U.S. Department
of Commerce.
NR 57
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 28
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD SEP 29
PY 2011
VL 25
AR GB3026
DI 10.1029/2011GB004059
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 828SN
UT WOS:000295523200001
ER
PT J
AU Baasandorj, M
Ravishankara, AR
Burkholder, JB
AF Baasandorj, Munkhbayar
Ravishankara, A. R.
Burkholder, James B.
TI Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH=CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction Rate
Coefficient and Global Warming Potential
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; INITIATED OXIDATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RATE
CONSTANTS; KINETICS; CF3CF=CFCF3; PHOTOLYSIS; MECHANISMS; ALKENES;
SPECTRA
AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with (Z)-CF3CH-CH=CF3 (cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene) were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis (PLP) to produce OH and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to detect it. Rate coefficients were measured over a range of temperatures (212-374 K) and bath gas pressures (20-200 Torr; He, N-2) and found to be independent of pressure over this range of conditions. The rate coefficient has a non-Arrhenius behavior that is well-described by the expression k(1)(T) = (5.73 +/- 0.60) x 10(-19) x T-2 x exp[(678 +/- 10)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) where k(1)(296 K) was measured to be (4.91 +/- 0.50) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and the uncertainties are at the 2 sigma level and include estimated systematic errors. Rate coefficients for the analogous OD radical reaction were determined over a range of temperatures (262-374 K) at 100 Torr (He) to be k(2)(T) = (4.81 +/- 0.20) x 10(-19) x T-2 x exp[(776 +/- 15)/T], with k(2)(296 K) = (5.73 +/- 0.50) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). OH radical rate coefficients were also measured at 296, 345, and 375 K using a relative rate technique and found to be in good agreement with the PLP-LIF results. A room-temperature rate coefficient for the O-3 + (Z)-CF3CH-CH=CF3 reaction was measured using an absolute method with O-3 in excess to be <6 x 10(-21) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The atmospheric lifetime of (Z)-CF3CH-CHCF3 due to loss by OH reaction was estimated to be similar to 20 days. Infrared absorption spectra of (Z)-CF3CH-CH=CF3 measured in this work were used to determine a (Z)-CF3CH-CH=CF3 global warming potential (GWP) of similar to 9 for the 100 year time horizon. A comparison of the OH reactivity of (Z)-CF3CH-CHCF3 with other unsaturated fluorinated compounds is presented.
C1 [Baasandorj, Munkhbayar; Ravishankara, A. R.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Baasandorj, Munkhbayar] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov
RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA's Climate Goal
FX We thank Mark Robin and Barbara Minor of DuPont Fluoroproducts for
providing the samples and sample purity analysis. This work was
supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal.
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD SEP 29
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 38
BP 10539
EP 10549
DI 10.1021/jp206195g
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 822OP
UT WOS:000295058300018
PM 21879770
ER
PT J
AU Wallace, BP
DiMatteo, AD
Bolten, AB
Chaloupka, MY
Hutchinson, BJ
Abreu-Grobois, FA
Mortimer, JA
Seminoff, JA
Amorocho, D
Bjorndal, KA
Bourjea, J
Bowen, BW
Duenas, RB
Casale, P
Choudhury, BC
Costa, A
Dutton, PH
Fallabrino, A
Finkbeiner, EM
Girard, A
Girondot, M
Hamann, M
Hurley, BJ
Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M
Marcovaldi, MA
Musick, JA
Nel, R
Pilcher, NJ
Troeng, S
Witherington, B
Mast, RB
AF Wallace, Bryan P.
DiMatteo, Andrew D.
Bolten, Alan B.
Chaloupka, Milani Y.
Hutchinson, Brian J.
Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto
Mortimer, Jeanne A.
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Amorocho, Diego
Bjorndal, Karen A.
Bourjea, Jerome
Bowen, Brian W.
Briseno Duenas, Raquel
Casale, Paolo
Choudhury, B. C.
Costa, Alice
Dutton, Peter H.
Fallabrino, Alejandro
Finkbeiner, Elena M.
Girard, Alexandre
Girondot, Marc
Hamann, Mark
Hurley, Brendan J.
Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros
Angela Marcovaldi, Maria
Musick, John A.
Nel, Ronel
Pilcher, Nicolas J.
Troeng, Sebastian
Witherington, Blair
Mast, Roderic B.
TI Global Conservation Priorities for Marine Turtles
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID LEATHERBACK TURTLE; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION; MANAGEMENT; PACIFIC;
RECOVERY
AB Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spatial and temporal scales. Marine turtles are widely distributed and exhibit intra-specific variations in population sizes and trends, as well as reproduction and morphology. However, current global extinction risk assessment frameworks do not assess conservation status of spatially and biologically distinct marine turtle Regional Management Units (RMUs), and thus do not capture variations in population trends, impacts of threats, or necessary conservation actions across individual populations. To address this issue, we developed a new assessment framework that allowed us to evaluate, compare and organize marine turtle RMUs according to status and threats criteria. Because conservation priorities can vary widely (i.e. from avoiding imminent extinction to maintaining long-term monitoring efforts) we developed a "conservation priorities portfolio" system using categories of paired risk and threats scores for all RMUs (n = 58). We performed these assessments and rankings globally, by species, by ocean basin, and by recognized geopolitical bodies to identify patterns in risk, threats, and data gaps at different scales. This process resulted in characterization of risk and threats to all marine turtle RMUs, including identification of the world's 11 most endangered marine turtle RMUs based on highest risk and threats scores. This system also highlighted important gaps in available information that is crucial for accurate conservation assessments. Overall, this priority-setting framework can provide guidance for research and conservation priorities at multiple relevant scales, and should serve as a model for conservation status assessments and priority-setting for widespread, long-lived taxa.
C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.; DiMatteo, Andrew D.; Bolten, Alan B.; Chaloupka, Milani Y.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto; Mortimer, Jeanne A.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Amorocho, Diego; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bourjea, Jerome; Bowen, Brian W.; Briseno Duenas, Raquel; Casale, Paolo; Choudhury, B. C.; Costa, Alice; Dutton, Peter H.; Fallabrino, Alejandro; Finkbeiner, Elena M.; Girard, Alexandre; Girondot, Marc; Hamann, Mark; Hurley, Brendan J.; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros; Angela Marcovaldi, Maria; Musick, John A.; Nel, Ronel; Pilcher, Nicolas J.; Troeng, Sebastian; Witherington, Blair; Mast, Roderic B.] Burning Issues Working Grp, IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Grp, Arlington, VA USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Hurley, Brendan J.; Mast, Roderic B.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.; Finkbeiner, Elena M.] Duke Univ, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA.
[DiMatteo, Andrew D.] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC USA.
[Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Bolten, Alan B.; Mortimer, Jeanne A.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Chaloupka, Milani Y.] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
[Mortimer, Jeanne A.] Isl Conservat Soc, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles.
[Amorocho, Diego] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Amorocho, Diego] Ctr Invest Medio Ambiente & Desarrollo, Cali, Colombia.
[Bourjea, Jerome] IFREMER, Lab Ressources Halieut, Ile De La Reunion, France.
[Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
[Briseno Duenas, Raquel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Banco Informac Tortugas Marinas BITMAR, Unidad Mazatlan, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
[Casale, Paolo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol Charles Darwin, Rome, Italy.
[Casale, Paolo] World Wildlife Fund Italy, WWF Mediterranean Turtle Programme, Rome, Italy.
[Choudhury, B. C.] Wildlife Inst India, Dept Endangered Species Management, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
[Costa, Alice] World Wildlife Fund Mozamb, Maputo, Mozambique.
[Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Fallabrino, Alejandro] Karumbe, Montevideo, Uruguay.
[Girard, Alexandre] Assoc RENATURA, Albens, France.
[Girard, Alexandre] Assoc RENATURA, Pointe Noire, Congo.
[Girondot, Marc] Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Syst & Evolut, Orsay, France.
[Hamann, Mark] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
[Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros; Angela Marcovaldi, Maria] Fundacao Pro Tamar, Projeto Tamar ICMBio, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, Inst Biol, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Nel, Ronel] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Summerstrand Campus, South Africa.
[Pilcher, Nicolas J.] Marine Res Fdn, Sabah, Malaysia.
[Troeng, Sebastian] Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Troeng, Sebastian] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Sci Advisory Comm, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Witherington, Blair] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA.
RP Wallace, BP (reprint author), Burning Issues Working Grp, IUCN SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Grp, Arlington, VA USA.
EM b.wallace@conservation.org
RI TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014; Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017;
OI Mortimer, Jeanne A./0000-0001-6318-2890; Girondot,
Marc/0000-0001-6645-8530; CASALE, PAOLO/0000-0003-2534-6158; Bjorndal,
Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901; Bourjea, Jerome/0000-0001-7149-3648; Hamann,
Mark/0000-0003-4588-7955
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Offield Family Foundation;
Ecological Modelling Services, Pty Ltd
FX This study was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and
the Offield Family Foundation. These funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript. MYC is employed by a commercial company
(Ecological Modelling Services, Pty Ltd) that provides ecological
modeling services, and his involvement in all aspects of this study was
partially supported by this company. However, this support in no way
biased his contributions to all aspects of this study, the overall
process or resulting products generated by this study.
NR 43
TC 129
Z9 134
U1 8
U2 109
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 9
AR e24510
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024510
PG 14
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 834CT
UT WOS:000295936900009
PM 21969858
ER
PT J
AU Mallia, VA
Butler, PD
Sarkar, B
Holman, KT
Weiss, RG
AF Mallia, V. Ajay
Butler, Paul D.
Sarkar, Bijay
Holman, K. Travis
Weiss, Richard G.
TI Reversible Phase Transitions within Self-Assembled Fibrillar Networks of
(R)-18-(n-Alkylamino)octadecan-7-ols in Their Carbon Tetrachloride Gels
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVE 12-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; MASS ORGANIC GELATORS;
12-HYDROXYOCTADECANOIC ACID; ORGANOGEL FORMATION; MOLECULAR ORGANOGELS;
CHIRAL MESOPHASES; SOLID-STATE; SOLVENT; ENANTIOMORPHISM; ENVIRONMENT
AB The CCl4 gel phases of a series of low-molecular-mass organogelators, (R)-18-(n-alkylamino)octadecan-7-ols (HSN-n, where n = 0-5, 18 is the alkyl chain length), appear to be unprecedented in that the fibrillar networks of some of the homologues undergo thermally reversible, gel-to-gel phase transitions, and some of those transitions are evident as opaque-transparent changes in the appearance of the samples. The gels have been examined at different concentrations and temperatures by a wide variety of spectroscopic, diffraction, thermal, and rheological techniques. Analyses of those data and data from the neat gelators have led to an understanding of the source of the gel-to-gel transitions. IR and SANS data implicate the expulsion (on heating the lower-temperature gel) or the inclusion (on cooling the higher-temperature gel) of molecules of CCl4 that are interspersed between fibers in bundles. However, the root cause of the transitions is a consequence of changes in the molecular packing of the HSN-n within the fibers. This study offers opportunities to design new gelators that are capable of behaving in multiple fashions without entering the sol/solution phase, and it identifies a heretofore unknown transformation of organogels.
C1 [Mallia, V. Ajay; Sarkar, Bijay; Holman, K. Travis; Weiss, Richard G.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
[Butler, Paul D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Weiss, RG (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
EM weissr@georgetown.edu
RI Sarkar, Bijay /C-3136-2011; Mallia, Ajay /G-2580-2011; Butler,
Paul/D-7368-2011;
OI Sarkar, Bijay /0000-0003-3769-9292; Holman, Kevin
Travis/0000-0003-1800-300X
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX The National Science Foundation is thanked for its support of this
research. We are grateful to Dr. Jibao He and Prof. Vijay John of Tulane
University for recording the cryo-SEM images and to Prof. Daniel Blair
of the Georgetown Physics Department for the use of his rheometer. This
work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. We acknowledge the support
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department
of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this
work.
NR 57
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 6
U2 45
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 133
IS 38
BP 15045
EP 15054
DI 10.1021/ja204371b
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 829SK
UT WOS:000295604400043
PM 21732620
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XR
Richter, LJ
DeLongchamp, DM
Kline, RJ
Hammond, MR
McCulloch, I
Heeney, M
Ashraf, RS
Smith, JN
Anthopoulos, TD
Schroeder, B
Geerts, YH
Fischer, DA
Toney, MF
AF Zhang, Xinran
Richter, Lee J.
DeLongchamp, Dean M.
Kline, R. Joseph
Hammond, Matthew R.
McCulloch, Iain
Heeney, Martin
Ashraf, Raja S.
Smith, Jeremy N.
Anthopoulos, Thomas D.
Schroeder, Bob
Geerts, Yves H.
Fischer, Daniel A.
Toney, Michael F.
TI Molecular Packing of High-Mobility Diketo Pyrrolo-Pyrrole Polymer
Semiconductors with Branched Alkyl Side Chains
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE;
CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CARRIER MOBILITY; COPOLYMERS; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES);
MORPHOLOGY; TEXTURE; ORDER
AB We describe a series of highly soluble diketo pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP)-bithiophene copolymers exhibiting field effect hole mobilities up to 0.74 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), with a common synthetic motif of bulky 2-octyldodecyl side groups on the conjugated backbone. Spectroscopy, diffraction, and microscopy measurements reveal a transition in molecular packing behavior from a preferentially edge-on orientation of the conjugated plane to a preferentially face-on orientation as the attachment density of the side chains increases. Thermal annealing generally reduces both the face-on population and the misoriented edge-on domains. The highest hole mobilities of this series were obtained from edge-on molecular packing and in-plane liquid-crystalline texture, but films with a bimodal orientation distribution and no discernible in-plane texture exhibited surprisingly comparable mobilities. The high hole mobility may therefore arise from the molecular packing feature common to the entire polymer series: backbones that are strictly oriented parallel to the substrate plane and coplanar with other backbones in the same layer.
C1 [Zhang, Xinran; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph; Hammond, Matthew R.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin; Ashraf, Raja S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin; Ashraf, Raja S.; Smith, Jeremy N.; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Smith, Jeremy N.; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England.
[Schroeder, Bob; Geerts, Yves H.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, Lab Chim Polymeres, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; i.mcculloch@imperial.ac.uk
RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Schroeder, Bob/D-8855-2012; Heeney,
Martin/O-1916-2013; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; ASHRAF, RAJA
SHAHID/A-3640-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016
OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; ASHRAF, RAJA
SHAHID/0000-0003-1885-2271; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724
FU EC FP7 ONE-P Project [212311]; DPI [678]; Gyeonggi-do, Korea
FX The authors thank Dr. C. R Snyder and Dr. S. D. Hudson for valuable
discussions. X. Z. thanks Dr. B. R. Conrad and Dr. C. K Chan for
fabricating Pt-based bottom gate bottom contact transistor test beds. X.
Z. also thanks Dr. D. S. Germack for his assistance in VASE and FTIR
measurements. The synthesis of all polymers was in part carried out
under the EC FP7 ONE-P Project Number 212311 and DPI Grant 678, with
support from the international collaborative research program of
Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Portions of this research were carried out at the
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility
operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 51
TC 230
Z9 230
U1 14
U2 139
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 133
IS 38
BP 15073
EP 15084
DI 10.1021/ja204515s
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 829SK
UT WOS:000295604400046
PM 21815633
ER
PT J
AU Frontzek, M
Haraldsen, JT
Podlesnyak, A
Matsuda, M
Christianson, AD
Fishman, RS
Sefat, AS
Qiu, Y
Copley, JRD
Barilo, S
Shiryaev, SV
Ehlers, G
AF Frontzek, M.
Haraldsen, J. T.
Podlesnyak, A.
Matsuda, M.
Christianson, A. D.
Fishman, R. S.
Sefat, A. S.
Qiu, Y.
Copley, J. R. D.
Barilo, S.
Shiryaev, S. V.
Ehlers, G.
TI Magnetic excitations in the geometric frustrated multiferroic CuCrO2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID FERROELECTRICITY; ANTIFERROMAGNET; DIFFRACTION
AB In this paper detailed neutron scattering measurements of the magnetic excitation spectrum of CuCrO2 in the ordered state below T-N1 = 24.2 K are presented. The spectra are analyzed using a model Hamiltonian which includes intralayer exchange up to the next-next-nearest neighbor and interlayer exchange. We obtain a definite parameter set and show that exchange interaction terms beyond the next-nearest neighbor are important to describe the inelastic excitation spectrum. The magnetic ground state structure generated with our parameter set is in agreement with the structure proposed for CuCrO2 from the results of single crystal diffraction experiments previously published. We argue that the role of the interlayer exchange is crucial to understand the incommensurability of the magnetic structure as well as the spin-charge coupling mechanism.
C1 [Frontzek, M.; Podlesnyak, A.; Matsuda, M.; Christianson, A. D.; Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Haraldsen, J. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Haraldsen, J. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Haraldsen, J. T.; Fishman, R. S.; Sefat, A. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Barilo, S.; Shiryaev, S. V.] Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus.
RP Frontzek, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM frontzekmd@ornl.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Haraldsen,
Jason/B-9809-2012; Frontzek, Matthias/C-5146-2012; Podlesnyak,
Andrey/A-5593-2013; Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013; Ehlers,
Georg/B-5412-2008; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Matsuda,
Masaaki/A-6902-2016; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016
OI Haraldsen, Jason/0000-0002-8641-5412; Frontzek,
Matthias/0000-0001-8704-8928; Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319;
Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; christianson,
andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526; Sefat,
Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials
Sciences and Engineering Division; National Science Foundation
[DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences user facility; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396];
Belarusian Fund for Basic Scientific Research [F10R-154]
FX We acknowledge the technical and scientific support from the staff at
SNS, HFIR, and NIST. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division. This work utilized facilities supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772.
Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source
was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Some theoretical aspects
of this work has been supported by the Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences user facility. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by
Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security
Administration of the US Department of Energy under Contract
DE-AC52-06NA25396. The work in Minsk was supported in part by Belarusian
Fund for Basic Scientific Research, Grant No. F10R-154.
NR 64
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 5
U2 38
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 9
AR 094448
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.094448
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 826BE
UT WOS:000295325600005
ER
PT J
AU Iida, K
Qiu, Y
Sato, TJ
AF Iida, K.
Qiu, Y.
Sato, T. J.
TI Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction and long lifetime of the spin state in
the Cu-3 triangular spin cluster by inelastic neutron scattering
measurements
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIZATION
AB Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments have been performed on the Cu-3 triangular molecular nanomagnet using powder samples. In the medium resolution INS experiment, two peaks were observed at (h) over bar omega = 0.5 and 0.6 meV, whereas an additional excitation peak was detected at very low energy (h) over bar omega = 0.1 meV in the higher resolution experiment. A model Hamiltonian and its optimum interaction parameters were determined from the observed peak position, width, and intensity. A key ingredient of the model Hamiltonian is Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions as suggested in the earlier reports, which is now directly evidenced by the observation of the 0.1-meV peak, corresponding indeed to a splitting of ground-state quartet into two doublets. Temperature dependences of integrated intensity of the 0.5- and 0.6-meV peaks are well reproduced by the Boltzmann distribution function up to 10K, above which a small deviation was detected. Nevertheless, the inelastic peaks were visible even at very high temperatures as 50 K, indicating extraordinary weak coupling between spins and lattice vibrations (or any other perturbations) compared to the other known molecular nanomagnets.
C1 [Iida, K.; Sato, T. J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
[Qiu, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Iida, K (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM ki7e@virginia.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015
OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998
FU US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering; National Science
Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX One of us (K. I.) acknowledges Global COE Program "the Physical Sciences
Frontier," MEXT, Japan. We also acknowledge for the financial support
the US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering. Work at NCNR was
in part supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
DMR-0454672. We would like to thank N. Aso, M. Yokoyama, T. Asami, Y.
Kawamura, and J. R. D. Copley for their help in our INS experiments.
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 9
AR 094449
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.094449
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 826BE
UT WOS:000295325600006
ER
PT J
AU Liu, J
Kirby, BJ
Gray, B
Kareev, M
Habermeier, HU
Cristiani, G
Freeland, JW
Chakhalian, J
AF Liu, Jian
Kirby, B. J.
Gray, B.
Kareev, M.
Habermeier, H. -U.
Cristiani, G.
Freeland, J. W.
Chakhalian, J.
TI Interfacial electronic and magnetic properties of a
Y0.6Pr0.4Ba2Cu3O7/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 superlattice
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SUPPRESSION; SPECTROSCOPY;
Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSITION; OXIDES
AB Resonant soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffuse neutron scattering were used to study the interfacial properties of Y0.6Pr0.4Ba2Cu3O7/La2/3Ca1/2MnO3 superlattices. Dramatic changes from the bulk in the spectral line shape, energy position, and linear-polarization dependence of the Cu L-3-edge reveal a striking interfacial modification. The similarities to the case without Pr substitution confirm the strongly hybridized covalent Cu-O-Mn bond as the underlying driving mechanism. On the other hand, relative differences, including reduced charge transfer and interfacial orbital reconstruction, are observed and attributed to raising of the Fermi level of the cuprate layer with Pr substitution. Neutron reflectometry reveals an oscillatory behavior in the rapidly increasing diffuse scattering with decreasing temperature. Temperature-and field-dependent measurements indicate that the origin is associated with the buckling caused by the structural phase transition of the SrTiO3 substrate rather than the superconducting or magnetic transition.
C1 [Liu, Jian; Gray, B.; Kareev, M.; Chakhalian, J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
[Liu, Jian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kirby, B. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Habermeier, H. -U.; Cristiani, G.] Max Plank Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
[Freeland, J. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Liu, J (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM jxl026@uark.edu; jchakhal@uark.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Liu, Jian/I-6746-2013; Chakhalian,
Jak/F-2274-2015
OI Liu, Jian/0000-0001-7962-2547;
FU DOD-ARO [0402-17291]; NSF [DMR-0747808]; US Department of Energy, Office
of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357]
FX J. C. was supported by DOD-ARO under Contract No. 0402-17291 and NSF
Contract No. DMR-0747808. Work at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne is
supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science under
Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357.
NR 36
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 9
AR 092506
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.092506
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 826BE
UT WOS:000295325600002
ER
PT J
AU Sarte, PM
Silverstein, HJ
Van Wyk, BTK
Gardner, JS
Qiu, Y
Zhou, HD
Wiebe, CR
AF Sarte, P. M.
Silverstein, H. J.
Van Wyk, B. T. K.
Gardner, J. S.
Qiu, Y.
Zhou, H. D.
Wiebe, C. R.
TI Absence of long-range magnetic ordering in the pyrochlore compound
Er2Sn2O7
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTIFERROMAGNET; OXIDES
AB The low temperature behaviour of powder Er2Sn2O7 samples has been studied by magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron scattering experiments. We report here the absence of magnetic ordering down to 100 mK. Anomalies in the heat capacity can be accounted for through an analysis of the crystal field spectrum observed by inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy. These new measurements on Er2Sn2O7 suggest a new lower bound for the frustration index of f = vertical bar Theta(CW)vertical bar/T-N = 14/0.1 = 140, placing this compound into a highly frustrated regime.
C1 [Sarte, P. M.; Van Wyk, B. T. K.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
[Silverstein, H. J.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
[Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zhou, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
RP Sarte, PM (reprint author), Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
EM ch.wiebe@uwinnipeg.ca
RI Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016;
OI Silverstein, Harlyn/0000-0002-7743-9842
FU NSF [DMR-0454672, DMR-0944772, DMR-0084173]; NSERC; ACS
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under
Agreement Nos DMR-0454672, DMR-0944772 and DMR-0084173. A portion of
this work was made possible by the NHMFL In-House Research Program, the
Schuller Program, the EIEG program, the State of Florida, and the DOE. C
R W is grateful for support through the Discovery grant program at NSERC
and the Petroleum Fund of the ACS.
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 20
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD SEP 28
PY 2011
VL 23
IS 38
AR 382201
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/38/382201
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 822HN
UT WOS:000295034700001
PM 21891830
ER
PT J
AU Nielsen, JK
Foster, M
Heidinger, A
AF Nielsen, J. K.
Foster, M.
Heidinger, A.
TI Tropical stratospheric cloud climatology from the PATMOS-x dataset: An
assessment of convective contributions to stratospheric water
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR; TROPOPAUSE
AB The PATMOS-x level 2b climatology, generated using three decades of AVHRR measurements, contains valuable information about the past global cloud record. We extract climatologies of tropical deep convective clouds from the PATMOS-x data set, based on the 10.30-11.30 mu m brightness temperature. A comparison of the cross tropopause convective cloud frequency between ISCCP and PATMOS-x shows that PATMOS-x has a greater frequency of occurrence than does the ISCCP, and this enhanced frequency is attributed to greater horizontal resolution (2 km) in the PATMOS-x data. The high resolution makes this dataset suitable for a search for cross tropopause convection, which happens on length scales down to 1 km. We find there have been several changes in deep convective activity over land during the period 1982 to 2009. We explore specifically the epoch of the HALOE satellite, and find a correlation between land deep convective activity and anomalies in the HALOE stratospheric water retrievals. A simple model is able to predict stratospheric water vapor concentrations highly correlated to that observed using only frequency of deep convection. From this we conclude that deep convection over land contributes to moistening of the lowest tropical stratosphere on seasonal, annual and decadal timescales. Citation: Nielsen, J. K., M. Foster, and A. Heidinger (2011), Tropical stratospheric cloud climatology from the PATMOS-x dataset: An assessment of convective contributions to stratospheric water, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L18801, doi:10.1029/2011GL049429.
C1 [Nielsen, J. K.] Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Foster, M.; Heidinger, A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Nielsen, JK (reprint author), Danish Meteorol Inst, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
EM jkn@dmi.dk
RI Nielsen, Johannes/F-2697-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Nielsen, Johannes/0000-0002-4185-8041; Heidinger,
Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 27
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L18801
DI 10.1029/2011GL049429
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 828SL
UT WOS:000295523000004
ER
PT J
AU Snyder, CR
Henry, JS
DeLongchamp, DM
AF Snyder, Chad R.
Henry, Jessica S.
DeLongchamp, Dean M.
TI Effect of Regioregularity on the Semicrystalline Structure of
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID ETHYLENE-BUTENE COPOLYMERS; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; CRYSTALLINE
REGIONS; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES); THERMODYNAMICS
C1 [Snyder, Chad R.; Henry, Jessica S.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Snyder, CR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chad.snyder@nist.gov
RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008
OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809
FU NIST/NSF SURF
FX C.R.S. thanks M. Sobkowicz-Kline for an initial experiment that launched
this area of inquiry, D. L. VanderHart for valuable discussions, and C.
L. Soles for suggesting publication of this work. J.S.H. acknowledges
support from NIST/NSF SURF. The authors thank Merck Chemicals for kindly
providing the controlled regioregularity P3HT samples and A. Forster for
providing access to his DSC.
NR 23
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD SEP 27
PY 2011
VL 44
IS 18
BP 7088
EP 7091
DI 10.1021/ma201604n
PG 4
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 822OQ
UT WOS:000295058400002
ER
PT J
AU Kafle, RP
Anderson, DZ
Zozulya, AA
AF Kafle, Rudra P.
Anderson, Dana Z.
Zozulya, Alex A.
TI Analysis of a free oscillation atom interferometer
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GAS
AB We analyze a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)-based free oscillation atom Michelson interferometer in a weakly confining harmonic magnetic trap. A BEC at the center of the trap is split into two harmonics by a laser standing wave. The harmonics move in opposite directions with equal speeds and turn back under the influence of the trapping potential at their classical turning points. The harmonics are allowed to pass through each other and a recombination pulse is applied when they overlap at the end of a cycle after they return for the second time. We derive an expression for the contrast of the interferometric fringes and obtain the fundamental limit of performance of the interferometer in the parameter space.
C1 [Kafle, Rudra P.; Zozulya, Alex A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.
[Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Dana Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, Dana Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kafle, RP (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.
EM zozulya@wpi.edu
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [W911NF-04-1-0043]
FX This work was partially supported by the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (Grant No. W911NF-04-1-0043).
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 27
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 033639
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033639
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 825HK
UT WOS:000295261900009
ER
PT J
AU Rubbo, CP
Manmana, SR
Peden, BM
Holland, MJ
Rey, AM
AF Rubbo, Chester P.
Manmana, Salvatore R.
Peden, Brandon M.
Holland, Murray J.
Rey, Ana Maria
TI Resonantly enhanced tunneling and transport of ultracold atoms on tilted
optical lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; BLOCH OSCILLATIONS; ADIABATIC
ELIMINATION; MOTT INSULATOR; TIME EVOLUTION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS;
SUPERLATTICES; SYSTEMS; GASES
AB We investigate the resonantly enhanced tunneling dynamics of ultracold bosons loaded on a tilted one-dimensional optical lattice, which can be used to simulate a chain of Ising spins and associated quantum phase transitions. The center-of-mass motion after a sudden tilt both at commensurate and incommensurate fillings is obtained via analytic, time-dependent exact diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization-group methods. We identify a maximum in the amplitude of the center-of-mass oscillations at the quantum critical point of the effective spin system. For the dynamics of incommensurate systems, which cannot be mapped to a spin model, we develop an analytical approach in which the time evolution is obtained by projecting onto resonant families of small clusters. We compare the results of this approach at low fillings to the exact time evolution and find good agreement even at filling factors as large as 2/3. Using this projection onto small clusters, we propose a controllable transport scheme applicable in the context of Atomtronic devices on optical lattices ("slinky scheme").
C1 [Rubbo, Chester P.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Rubbo, CP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011
OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576
FU PIF-NSF [0904017]
FX We acknowledge useful discussions with M. Greiner and funding by PIF-NSF
(Grant No. 0904017).
NR 61
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 27
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 033638
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033638
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 825HK
UT WOS:000295261900008
ER
PT J
AU Sensarma, R
Pekker, D
Rey, AM
Lukin, MD
Demler, E
AF Sensarma, Rajdeep
Pekker, David
Rey, Ana Maria
Lukin, Mikhail D.
Demler, Eugene
TI Relaxation of Fermionic Excitations in a Strongly Attractive Fermi Gas
in an Optical Lattice
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM PHASE-TRANSITION; MOTT INSULATOR; ULTRACOLD; SUPERFLUID;
DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; ATOMS
AB We theoretically study the relaxation of high energy single particle excitations into molecules in a system of attractive fermions in an optical lattice, both in the superfluid and the normal phase. In a system characterized by an interaction scale U and a tunneling rate t, we show that the relaxation rate scales as similar to Ct exp[-alpha U-2/t(2) ln(U/t)] in the large U/t limit. We obtain explicit expressions for the temperature and density dependent exponent alpha, both in the low temperature superfluid phase and the high temperature phase with pairing but no coherence between the molecules. We find that the relaxation rate decreases both with temperature and deviation of the fermion density from half filling. We show that quasiparticle and phase degrees of freedom are effectively decoupled within experimental time scales allowing for observation of ordered states even at high total energy of the system.
C1 [Sensarma, Rajdeep] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Pekker, David] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lukin, Mikhail D.; Demler, Eugene] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Sensarma, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
FU ARO-DARPA-OLE; ARO-MURI; JQI-NSF-PFC; Lee A. DuBridge fellowship; ARO;
DARPA-OLE; CUA; AFOSR Quantum Simulation MURI; ARO MURI on Atomtronics;
NSF [DMR-0705472]
FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with A. Georges and support
from ARO-DARPA-OLE, ARO-MURI and JQI-NSF-PFC (R. S.), Lee A. DuBridge
fellowship (D. P.), a grant from ARO with funding from DARPA-OLE (A. M.
R.), CUA, AFOSR Quantum Simulation MURI, ARO MURI on Atomtronics, and
NSF Grant No. DMR-0705472 (E.A.D.).
NR 50
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 27
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 14
AR 145303
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.145303
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 825NO
UT WOS:000295285800004
PM 22107207
ER
PT J
AU Wang, SC
Mirarefi, P
Faraone, A
Lee, CT
AF Wang, Shao-Chun
Mirarefi, Panteha
Faraone, Antonio
Lee, C. Ted, Jr.
TI Light-Controlled Protein Dynamics Observed with Neutron Spin Echo
Measurements
SO BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; BOVINE
SERUM-ALBUMIN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; T4 LYSOZYME; SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY;
HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES;
GLOBULAR-PROTEINS
AB A photoresponsive surfactant has been used as a means to control protein structure and dynamics with light illumination. This cationic azobenzene surfactant, azoTAB, which undergoes a reversible photoisomerization upon exposure to the appropriate wavelength of light, adopts a relatively hydrophobic, trans structure under visible light illumination and a relatively hydrophilic cis structure under UV light illumination. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy were used to measure the tertiary structure and internal dynamics of lysozyme in the presence of the photosurfactant, respectively. The SANS-based in vitro structures indicate that under visible light the photosurfactant induces partial unfolding that principally occurs away from the active site near the hinge region connecting the alpha and beta domains. Upon UV exposure, however, the protein refolds to a nativelike structure. At the same time, enhanced internal dynamics of lysozyme were detected with the surfactant in the trans form through NSE measurements of the Q-dependent effective diffusion coefficient (D-eff) of the protein. In contrast, the D-eff values of lysozyme in the presence of cis azoTAB largely agree with the rigid-body calculation as well as those measured for pure lysozyme, suggesting that the native protein is dormant on the nanosecond time and nanometer length scales. Lysozyme internal motions were modeled by assuming a protein of two (alpha and beta domains) or three (alpha and beta domains and the hinge region) domains connects by either soft linkers or rigid, freely rotating bonds. Protein dynamics were also tracked with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy through hydrogen-deuterium exchange kinetics, which further demonstrated enhanced protein flexibility induced by the trans form of the surfactant relative to the native protein. Ensemble-averaged intramolecular fluorescent resonance energy transfer measurements similarly demonstrated the enhanced dynamics of lysozyme with the trans form of the photosurfactant. Previous results have shown a significant increase in protein activity in the presence of azoTAB in the trans conformation. Combined, these results provide insight into a unique light-based method of controlling protein structure, dynamics, and function and strongly support the relevance of large domain motions for the activity of proteins.
C1 [Wang, Shao-Chun; Mirarefi, Panteha; Lee, C. Ted, Jr.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20741 USA.
RP Lee, CT (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM tedlee@usc.edu
FU National Science Foundation [0554115, 0454672]; National Institute of
Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce
FX This material is based upon work supported by National Science
Foundation Grant 0554115.; We acknowledge the generous advice and
instruction of Dr. Boualem Hammouda with respect to domain motion
analysis. This work utilized facilities supported in part by National
Science Foundation Grant DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of
Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this
work.
NR 94
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 27
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-2960
J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US
JI Biochemistry
PD SEP 27
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 38
BP 8150
EP 8162
DI 10.1021/bi200206z
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 822OT
UT WOS:000295058700006
PM 21809812
ER
PT J
AU Huff, DD
Lindley, ST
Rankin, PS
Mora, EA
AF Huff, David D.
Lindley, Steven T.
Rankin, Polly S.
Mora, Ethan A.
TI Green Sturgeon Physical Habitat Use in the Coastal Pacific Ocean
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION;
GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MARINE DISTRIBUTION;
MOVEMENT PATTERNS; BENTHIC HABITATS; MULTIBEAM SONAR; RED HERRINGS
AB The green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) is a highly migratory, oceanic, anadromous species with a complex life history that makes it vulnerable to species-wide threats in both freshwater and at sea. Green sturgeon population declines have preceded legal protection and curtailment of activities in marine environments deemed to increase its extinction risk. Yet, its marine habitat is poorly understood. We built a statistical model to characterize green sturgeon marine habitat using data from a coastal tracking array located along the Siletz Reef near Newport, Oregon, USA that recorded the passage of 37 acoustically tagged green sturgeon. We classified seafloor physical habitat features with high-resolution bathymetric and backscatter data. We then described the distribution of habitat components and their relationship to green sturgeon presence using ordination and subsequently used generalized linear model selection to identify important habitat components. Finally, we summarized depth and temperature recordings from seven green sturgeon present off the Oregon coast that were fitted with pop-off archival geolocation tags. Our analyses indicated that green sturgeon, on average, spent a longer duration in areas with high seafloor complexity, especially where a greater proportion of the substrate consists of boulders. Green sturgeon in marine habitats are primarily found at depths of 20-60 meters and from 9.5-16.0 degrees C. Many sturgeon in this study were likely migrating in a northward direction, moving deeper, and may have been using complex seafloor habitat because it coincides with the distribution of benthic prey taxa or provides refuge from predators. Identifying important green sturgeon marine habitat is an essential step towards accurately defining the conditions that are necessary for its survival and will eventually yield range-wide, spatially explicit predictions of green sturgeon distribution.
C1 [Huff, David D.; Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Rankin, Polly S.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR USA.
[Mora, Ethan A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Huff, DD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
EM david.huff@noaa.gov
RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014
OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
FX The authors' research was supported by funds from the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, California Current Integrated Ecosystem
Assessment Program (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/iea/index.html) and a
Species of Concern Program
(http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/concern/grant.htm) grant to S. T.
L. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 77
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 25
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD SEP 22
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 9
AR e25156
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0025156
PG 12
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 825IJ
UT WOS:000295265100070
PM 21966442
ER
PT J
AU Rosenberg, EA
Wood, AW
Steinemann, AC
AF Rosenberg, Eric A.
Wood, Andrew W.
Steinemann, Anne C.
TI Statistical applications of physically based hydrologic models to
seasonal streamflow forecasts
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; PREDICTION; SNOW;
VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; SERVICE; SOIL
AB Despite advances in physically based hydrologic models and prediction systems, long-standing statistical methods remain a fundamental component in most operational forecasts of seasonal streamflow. We develop a hybrid framework that employs gridded observed precipitation and model-simulated snow water equivalent (SWE) data as predictors in regression equations adapted from an operational forecasting environment. We test the modified approach using the semidistributed variable infiltration capacity hydrologic model in a case study of California's Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, and Tulare Lake hydrologic regions. The approach employs a principal components regression methodology, adapted from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, which leverages the ability of the distributed model to provide an added dimension to SWE predictors in a statistical framework. Hybrid forecasts based on data simulated at grid points acting as surrogates for ground-based observing stations are found to perform comparably to those based on their observed counterparts. When a larger selection of grid points are considered as potential predictors, hybrid forecasts achieve superior skill, with the largest benefits in watersheds that are poorly represented in terms of ground-based observations. Forecasts are also found to offer overall improvement over those officially issued by California's Department of Water Resources, although their specific performance in dry years is less consistent. The study demonstrates the utility of physically based models within an operational statistical framework, as well as the ability of the approach to identify locations with strong predictive skill for potential ground station implementation.
C1 [Rosenberg, Eric A.; Steinemann, Anne C.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wood, Andrew W.] NOAA NWS Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA.
[Steinemann, Anne C.] Univ Washington, Evans Sch Publ Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Steinemann, Anne C.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA.
RP Rosenberg, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM ericrose@u.washington.edu
RI Steinemann, Anne/E-1249-2015
OI Steinemann, Anne/0000-0001-7556-620X
FU NASA [NNSO6AA78G]; USGS [06HQGR0190]; Joint Institute for the Study of
the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232]
FX This work was funded by NASA grant NNSO6AA78G, USGS grant 06HQGR0190,
and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
(JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. The authors thank
the staff of DWR and NRCS for their generous assistance, with special
thanks to David Rizzardo (DWR), Adam Schneider (DWR), and David Garen
(NRCS). We also thank Thomas Pagano, Katrina Grantz, and one anonymous
reviewer for comments that substantially improved the manuscript.
Technical support from the members of the Land Surface Hydrology
Research Group at the University of WA is also gratefully acknowledged.
NR 38
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD SEP 22
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W00H14
DI 10.1029/2010WR010101
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 825LJ
UT WOS:000295276400002
ER
PT J
AU Bloch, ED
Murray, LJ
Queen, WL
Chavan, S
Maximoff, SN
Bigi, JP
Krishna, R
Peterson, VK
Grandjean, F
Long, GJ
Smit, B
Bordiga, S
Brown, CM
Long, JR
AF Bloch, Eric D.
Murray, Leslie J.
Queen, Wendy L.
Chavan, Sachin
Maximoff, Sergey N.
Bigi, Julian P.
Krishna, Rajamani
Peterson, Vanessa K.
Grandjean, Fernande
Long, Gary J.
Smit, Berend
Bordiga, Silvia
Brown, Craig M.
Long, Jeffrey R.
TI Selective Binding of O-2 over N-2 in a Redox-Active Metal-Organic
Framework with Open Iron(II) Coordination Sites
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SIDE-ON BINDING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GAS-ADSORPTION;
HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; SWING ADSORPTION; DIOXYGEN ADDUCTS; HIGH-CAPACITY;
END-ON; COMPLEX
AB The air-free reaction between FeCl2 and H(4)dobdc (dobdc(4) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol affords Fe-2(dobdc) . 4DMF, a metal-organic framework adopting the MOF-74 (or CPO-27) structure type. The desolvated form of this material displays a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1360 m(2)/g and features a hexagonal array of one-dimensional channels lined with coordinatively unsaturated Fe-II centers. Gas adsorption isotherms at 298 K indicate that Fe2(dobdc) binds 02 preferentially over N-2, with an irreversible capacity of 9.3 wt %, corresponding to the adsorption of one 02 molecule per two iron centers. Remarkably, at 211 K, O-2 uptake is fully reversible and the capacity increases to 18.2 wt %, corresponding to the adsorption of one 02 molecule per iron center. Mossbauer and infrared spectra are consistent with partial charge transfer from iron(II) to O-2 at low temperature and complete charge transfer to form iron (III) and O-2(2-) at room temperature. The results of Rietveld analyses of powder neutron diffraction data (4 K) confirm this interpretation, revealing 02 bound to iron in a symmetric side-on mode with d(O-O) = 1.25(1) angstrom at low temperature and in a slipped side-on mode with d(O-O), = 1.6(1) angstrom when oxidized at room temperature. Application of ideal adsorbed solution theory in simulating breakthrough curves shows Fe-2(dobdc) to be a promising material for the separation of 02 from air at temperatures well above those currently employed in industrial settings.
C1 [Bloch, Eric D.; Murray, Leslie J.; Bigi, Julian P.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Maximoff, Sergey N.; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Murray, Leslie J.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chavan, Sachin; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, Dept Inorgan Phys & Mat Chem, NIS Ctr Excellence, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
[Chavan, Sachin; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, Dept Inorgan Phys & Mat Chem, INSTM Ctr Reference, I-10135 Turin, Italy.
[Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, Vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[Peterson, Vanessa K.; Brown, Craig M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
[Grandjean, Fernande] Univ Liege, Fac Sci, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium.
[Long, Gary J.] Univ Missouri, Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jrlong@berkeley.edu
RI Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Krishna,
Rajamani/A-1098-2012; Bordiga, Silvia/M-3875-2014; Stangl,
Kristin/D-1502-2015; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Maximoff,
Sergey/A-4855-2014; Chavan, Sachin/B-8025-2014
OI Murray, Leslie/0000-0002-1568-958X; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341;
Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530;
Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355;
FU Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-SC0001015]; NIST NRC
FX This research was supported through the Center for Gas Separations
Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research
Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001015. W.L.Q
gratefully acknowledges the NIST NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship Research
Associateship program. We thank L. Valenzano and B. Civalleri for their
help in the assignment of the infrared spectrum through the animation of
vibrational modes of the optimized framework structure with CRYSTAL code
and F. Bonin for Raman contributions.31
NR 88
TC 185
Z9 186
U1 33
U2 286
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 21
PY 2011
VL 133
IS 37
BP 14814
EP 14822
DI 10.1021/ja205976v
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 823SZ
UT WOS:000295148100054
PM 21830751
ER
PT J
AU Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
Baltic, E
AF Hussey, D. S.
Jacobson, D. L.
Baltic, E.
TI Changing optical axis due to reactor operation
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th World Conference on Neutron Radiography (WCNR-9)
CY OCT 03-08, 2010
CL N W Province, SOUTH AFRICA
SP S African Nucl Energy Corp (Necsa), Int Atom Energy Agcy (IAEA), S African Inst Non-Destruct Testing (SAINT), Volume Graphics GmbH
DE Neutron radiography; Nuclear reactor; Nuclear reactor controls
AB During reactor operation, the neutron flux distribution is modified by the reactor control mechanisms and in the case of the reactor at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, this is determined by the angular position of the Cd shim arms and the vertical position of an Al regulating rod. The changing flux distribution results in a change in the optical axis of neutron beams, whose view is a fixed position within the reactor core. The changing optical axis results in two noticeable image artifacts: poor registration between images of a static object taken at different times and a change in the shape of the flat field intensity. These two effects were measured during the first four days of reactor operation. Both measurements show correlation with the reactor control mechanisms, with combined correlation coefficients during the first two days after reactor startup approaching 1. The change in the edge position is well below the image spatial resolution, and has more uncertainty associated with it. However, the change in the flat-field shape demonstrates a clear correlation with both shim arm angle and regulating rod position. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Baltic, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.hussey@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD SEP 21
PY 2011
VL 651
IS 1
BP 73
EP 76
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.014
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 827ON
UT WOS:000295437900016
ER
PT J
AU Fuller-Rowell, T
Akmaev, R
Wu, F
Fedrizzi, M
Viereck, RA
Wang, HJ
AF Fuller-Rowell, Tim
Akmaev, Rashid
Wu, Fei
Fedrizzi, Mariangel
Viereck, Rodney A.
Wang, Houjun
TI Did the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming cool or warm the
thermosphere?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ART.; MODEL
AB It has recently been suggested that observations of neutral density from satellite accelerometer data indicate a strong cooling occurred in the upper thermosphere during the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The 2009 warming was a major event with winter polar stratospheric temperatures increasing by 70 K. This January period has been re-examined with three independent models: the NRLMSISE-00 empirical model; the physics-based coupled thermosphere, ionosphere, plasmasphere, electrodynamics model (CTIPe); and the whole atmosphere model (WAM). The analysis of this period and comparison with the neutral density observations reveals that there is, in fact, no evidence at any latitude for a large-scale or global decrease in upper thermosphere density or temperature in response to the SSW. The observed decrease in density and temperature can be amply accounted for by small changes in geomagnetic activity during this period. On the contrary, the WAM numerical simulations of the period suggest a possible small globally averaged upper thermosphere warming and neutral density increase by 5% during the SSW. This warming would have been difficult to discern in the local-time sampling of the CHAMP observations due to likely change in the diurnal density variation during the SSW, and due to a much larger contribution to the variability from geomagnetic sources. At this stage, therefore, it is not possible to ascertain if a cooling or warming occurred in the upper thermosphere in response to the stratospheric warming. Citation: Fuller-Rowell, T., R. Akmaev, F. Wu, M. Fedrizzi, R. A. Viereck, and H. Wang (2011), Did the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming cool or warm the thermosphere?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L18104, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048985.
C1 [Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Wu, Fei; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Wang, Houjun] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Fuller-Rowell, Tim; Akmaev, Rashid; Wu, Fei; Fedrizzi, Mariangel; Viereck, Rodney A.; Wang, Houjun] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Fuller-Rowell, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov
RI Fedrizzi, Mariangel/C-6493-2012
FU NASA; AFOSR MURI
FX Funding for this research was provided by NASA Heliophysics Theory and
LWS Strategic Capabilities Programs, and AFOSR MURI NADIR project. The
authors thank Eric Sutton of the Air Force Research Laboratory for
providing the CHAMP satellite neutral density data.
NR 22
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 21
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L18104
DI 10.1029/2011GL048985
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 825ML
UT WOS:000295281200004
ER
PT J
AU Goodkin, NF
Levine, NM
Doney, SC
Wanninkhof, R
AF Goodkin, Nathalie F.
Levine, Naomi M.
Doney, Scott C.
Wanninkhof, Rik
TI Impacts of temporal CO2 and climate trends on the detection of ocean
anthropogenic CO2 accumulation
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; ATLANTIC; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; QUANTIFICATION;
EVOLUTION; DIOXIDE; MODELS; SINKS; AIR
AB A common approach for estimating the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (C-anthro) depends on the linear approximation of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from a suite of physical and biological ocean parameters. The extended multiple linear regression (eMLR) method assumes that baseline correlations and the resulting residual fields will remain constant with time even under the influence of secular climate changes. The validity of these assumptions over the 21st century is tested using a coupled carbon-climate model. Findings demonstrate that the influence of both changing climate and changing chemistry beyond 2-4 decades invalidates the assumption that the residual fields will remain constant resulting in significant errors in the eMLR estimate of C-anthro. This study determines that the eMLR method is unable to describe C-anthro uptake for a sampling interval of greater than 30 years if the error is to remain below 20% for many regions in the Southern Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and western Pacific Ocean. These results suggest that, for many regions of the ocean basins, hydrographic field investigations have to be repeated at approximately decadal timescales in order to accurately predict the uptake of C-anthro by the ocean if the eMLR method is used.
C1 [Goodkin, Nathalie F.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Goodkin, Nathalie F.; Levine, Naomi M.; Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Levine, Naomi M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Goodkin, NF (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Rm 309,James Lee Bldg,Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM nlevine@oeb.harvard.edu
RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010;
OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Goodkin, Nathalie/0000-0001-9697-5520;
Levine, Naomi/0000-0002-4963-0535
FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310098]; University of Hong Kong
FX The authors are grateful to I. Lima for his technical assistance and to
C. Sabine for providing his estimate of observed anthropogenic carbon
along the P16 transect. We would also like to acknowledge the helpful
comments of two anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by NOAA
grant NA07OAR4310098 (SCD and RW) and funding from the University of
Hong Kong (NFG).
NR 28
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Z9 9
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
EI 1944-9224
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD SEP 21
PY 2011
VL 25
AR GB3023
DI 10.1029/2010GB004009
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 825HG
UT WOS:000295261300003
ER
PT J
AU Levine, NM
Doney, SC
Lima, I
Wanninkhof, R
Bates, NR
Feely, RA
AF Levine, Naomi Marcil
Doney, Scott C.
Lima, Ivan
Wanninkhof, Rik
Bates, Nicholas R.
Feely, Richard A.
TI The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the uptake and
accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 by North Atlantic Ocean mode waters
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID GOVERNING INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INORGANIC CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DECADAL VARIABILITY; SUBPOLAR GYRE; SEA; SINK;
CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS
AB The North Atlantic Ocean accounts for about 25% of the global oceanic anthropogenic carbon sink. This basin experiences significant interannual variability primarily driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A suite of biogeochemical model simulations is used to analyze the impact of interannual variability on the uptake and storage of contemporary and anthropogenic carbon (C-anthro) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Greater winter mixing during positive NAO years results in increased mode water formation and subsequent increases in subtropical and subpolar C-anthro inventories. Our analysis suggests that changes in mode water C-anthro inventories are primarily due to changes in water mass volumes driven by variations in water mass transformation rates rather than local air-sea CO2 exchange. This suggests that a significant portion of anthropogenic carbon found in the ocean interior may be derived from surface waters advected into water formation regions rather than from local gas exchange. Therefore, changes in climate modes, such as the NAO, may alter the residence time of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean by altering the rate of water mass transformation. In addition, interannual variability in C-anthro storage increases the difficulty of C-anthro detection and attribution through hydrographic observations, which are limited by sparse sampling of subsurface waters in time and space.
C1 [Levine, Naomi Marcil] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Levine, Naomi Marcil] MIT WHOI Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Doney, Scott C.; Lima, Ivan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Bates, Nicholas R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda.
[Feely, Richard A.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Levine, NM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM nlevine@oeb.harvard.edu
RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016;
OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652;
Levine, Naomi/0000-0002-4963-0535
FU NOAA under the Office of Climate Observations and Global Carbon Cycle
Program [NOAA-NA07OAR4310098]; NSF [OCE-0623034]; NCAR; WHOI Ocean
Climate Institute; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
Fellowship; Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation
FX We would like to acknowledge funding from the NOAA Climate Program under
the Office of Climate Observations and Global Carbon Cycle Program
(NOAA-NA07OAR4310098), NSF (OCE-0623034), NCAR, the WHOI Ocean Climate
Institute, a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
Fellowship and an Environmental Protection Agency STAR graduate
fellowship. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We
would like to thank R. Steinfeldt for providing observed anthropogenic
carbon inventories for the Subpolar Mode Waters. We would also like to
acknowledge the helpful comments of anonymous reviewers.
NR 85
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U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0886-6236
EI 1944-9224
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD SEP 21
PY 2011
VL 25
AR GB3022
DI 10.1029/2010GB003892
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 825HG
UT WOS:000295261300002
ER
PT J
AU Foote, AD
Morin, PA
Durban, JW
Willerslev, E
Orlando, L
Gilbert, MTP
AF Foote, Andrew D.
Morin, Phillip A.
Durban, John W.
Willerslev, Eske
Orlando, Ludovic
Gilbert, M. Thomas P.
TI Out of the Pacific and Back Again: Insights into the Matrilineal History
of Pacific Killer Whale Ecotypes
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID PHYLOGENETIC TREE SELECTION; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; ORCINUS-ORCA;
SYMPATRIC SPECIATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION;
POPULATION-GENETICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FEEDING
ECOLOGY
AB Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are the most widely distributed marine mammals and have radiated to occupy a range of ecological niches. Disparate sympatric types are found in the North Atlantic, Antarctic and North Pacific oceans, however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms driving divergence. Previous phylogeographic analysis using complete mitogenomes yielded a bifurcating tree of clades corresponding to described ecotypes. However, there was low support at two nodes at which two Pacific and two Atlantic clades diverged. Here we apply further phylogenetic and coalescent analyses to partitioned mitochondrial genome sequences to better resolve the pattern of past radiations in this species. Our phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that in the North Pacific, sympatry between the maternal lineages that make up each ecotype arises from secondary contact. Both the phylogenetic reconstructions and a clinal decrease in diversity suggest a North Pacific to North Atlantic founding event, and the later return of killer whales to the North Pacific. Therefore, ecological divergence could have occurred during the allopatric phase through drift or selection and/or may have either commenced or have been consolidated upon secondary contact due to resource competition. The estimated timing of bidirectional migration between the North Pacific and North Atlantic coincided with the previous inter-glacial when the leakage of fauna from the Indo-Pacific into the Atlantic via the Agulhas current was particularly vigorous.
C1 [Foote, Andrew D.; Willerslev, Eske; Orlando, Ludovic; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Morin, Phillip A.; Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
[Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
EM FooteAD@gmail.com
RI Orlando, Ludovic/A-8932-2013; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013
OI Orlando, Ludovic/0000-0003-3936-1850; Gilbert,
Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195
FU ERC FroSPECTS; EU
FX Andrew Foote was supported by an ERC FroSPECTS exchange fellowship and
an EU Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship. The funders had no role in
study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 61
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 3
U2 96
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD SEP 20
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 9
AR e24980
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0024980
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 825GY
UT WOS:000295260400028
PM 21949818
ER
PT J
AU Mejia, AI
Reed, SM
AF Mejia, A. I.
Reed, S. M.
TI Role of channel and floodplain cross-section geometry in the basin
response
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-HYDROGRAPH; HYDRAULIC-GEOMETRY; KINEMATIC DISPERSION;
HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE; GEOMORPHOLOGICAL DISPERSION; NATURAL CATCHMENTS;
CARRYING-CAPACITY; STREAM NETWORKS; RIVER NETWORKS; MODEL
AB We investigate the role of cross-section geometry in flow routing by developing an analytical framework based on the instantaneous response function (IRF) and relationships of river basin geomorphology. The cross-section geometry is included explicitly within the framework by assuming a power law cross section that is, in turn, used to derive expressions for the at-a-site hydraulic geometry. The analysis performed using the Illinois River basin indicates that the cross-section geometry takes on different roles depending on whether flows are in the channel or floodplain. The cross-section geometry where width dominates over depth (width dominant), i.e., the at-a-site width-depth ratio increases with increasing depth, tends to produce a larger network celerity and dispersion for the channel, and the trend reverses for the high floodplain flows. We found that the cross-section geometry can influence the relative contribution of hydrodynamic and kinematic dispersion. For the channel, the depth-dominant cross section produces a lower hydrodynamic dispersion than the width-dominant cross section and vice versa for the floodplain. We found that the nonlinear dependence of the IRF on effective rainfall, expressed in the IRF time to peak and peak flow, may vary depending on the cross-section geometry, with the nonlinearity decreasing for the width-dominant cross sections. Additionally, the effect of cross-section geometry on the basin response can alter the relative contribution of the stream network and hillslopes to the basin dispersion. The derived framework has potential as an a priori tool for incorporating channel and floodplain geometry into distributed rainfall-runoff models.
C1 [Mejia, A. I.; Reed, S. M.] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Mejia, AI (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM alfonso.mejia@noaa.gov
FU Hydrology Laboratory of NWS, NOAA
FX This research was performed while the first author held a National
Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Hydrology
Laboratory of NWS, NOAA. We thank the editors and the reviewers for
their valuable comments, criticisms, and suggestions.
NR 61
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD SEP 20
PY 2011
VL 47
AR W09518
DI 10.1029/2010WR010375
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
Resources
GA 825LH
UT WOS:000295276000001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XX
Li, YL
Yin, YY
Mo, M
Wang, Q
Gao, W
Wang, LL
Mariuzza, RA
AF Wang, Xin Xiang
Li, Yili
Yin, Yiyuan
Mo, Min
Wang, Qian
Gao, Wei
Wang, Lili
Mariuzza, Roy A.
TI Affinity maturation of human CD4 by yeast surface display and crystal
structure of a CD4-HLA-DR1 complex
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID T-CELL-RECEPTOR; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERFACES; BINDING; RECOGNITION;
TOLERANCE; MOLECULE; FRAGMENT; ANTIBODY; DISTINCT; LIGAND
AB Helper T-cell activation generally requires the coreceptor CD4, which binds MHC class II molecules. A remarkable feature of the CD4-MHC class II interaction is its exceptionally low affinity, which ranges from K-D = similar to 200 mu M to > 2 mM. Investigating the biological role of the much lower affinity of this interaction than those of other cell-cell recognition molecules will require CD4 mutants with enhanced binding to MHC class II for testing in models of T-cell development. To this end, we used in vitro-directed evolution to increase the affinity of human CD4 for HLA-DR1. A mutant CD4 library was displayed on the surface of yeast and selected using HLA-DR1 tetramers or monomers, resulting in isolation of a CD4 clone containing 11 mutations. Reversion mutagenesis showed that most of the affinity increase derived from just two substitutions, Gln40Tyr and Thr45Trp. A CD4 variant bearing these mutations bound HLA-DR1 with K-D = 8.8 mu M, compared with > 400 mu M for wild-type CD4. To understand the basis for improved affinity, we determined the structure of this CD4 variant in complex with HLA-DR1 to 2.4 angstrom resolution. The structure provides an atomic-level description of the CD4-binding site on MHC class II and reveals how CD4 recognizes highly polymorphic HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ molecules by targeting invariant residues in their alpha 2 and beta 2 domains. In addition, the CD4 mutants reported here constitute unique tools for probing the influence of CD4 affinity on T-cell activation and development.
C1 [Wang, Xin Xiang; Li, Yili; Yin, Yiyuan; Mo, Min; Wang, Qian; Gao, Wei; Mariuzza, Roy A.] Univ Maryland, WM Keck Lab Struct Biol, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Wang, Xin Xiang; Li, Yili; Wang, Qian; Mariuzza, Roy A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Yin, Yiyuan] Univ Maryland, Program Mol & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mariuzza, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, WM Keck Lab Struct Biol, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM rmariuzz@umd.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Yin, Yiyuan/A-1384-2016
OI Yin, Yiyuan/0000-0003-1077-810X
FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Basic Energy
Sciences of the US Department of Energy; National Center for Research
Resources of the National Institutes of Health; National Institutes of
Health [AI036900, AI073654]; Cancer Research Institute
FX We thank H. Robinson (Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source) for
X-ray data collection. We are grateful to Z. Pancer (University of
Maryland School of Medicine) for advice on affinity maturation. Mouse
I-Ad and I-Ek tetramers were provided by the
National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility at Emory
University. Support for beamline X29 comes from the Office of Biological
and Environmental Research and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of
the US Department of Energy and from the National Center for Research
Resources of the National Institutes of Health. This work was supported
by grants from the National Institutes of Health (Grants AI036900 and
AI073654). X.X.W. was supported by the Irvington Institute Fellowship
Program of the Cancer Research Institute.
NR 27
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD SEP 20
PY 2011
VL 108
IS 38
BP 15960
EP 15965
DI 10.1073/pnas.1109438108
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 822FS
UT WOS:000295030000060
PM 21900604
ER
PT J
AU Dunkley, J
Hlozek, R
Sievers, J
Acquaviva, V
Ade, PAR
Aguirre, P
Amiri, M
Appel, JW
Barrientos, LF
Battistelli, ES
Bond, JR
Brown, B
Burger, B
Chervenak, J
Das, S
Devlin, MJ
Dicker, SR
Doriese, WB
Dunner, R
Essinger-Hileman, T
Fisher, RP
Fowler, JW
Hajian, A
Halpern, M
Hasselfield, M
Hernandez-Monteagudo, C
Hilton, GC
Hilton, M
Hincks, AD
Huffenberger, KM
Hughes, DH
Hughes, JP
Infante, L
Irwin, KD
Juin, JB
Kaul, M
Klein, J
Kosowsky, A
Lau, JM
Limon, M
Lin, YT
Lupton, RH
Marriage, TA
Marsden, D
Mauskopf, P
Menanteau, F
Moodley, K
Moseley, H
Netterfield, CB
Niemack, MD
Nolta, MR
Page, LA
Parker, L
Partridge, B
Reid, B
Sehgal, N
Sherwin, B
Spergel, DN
Staggs, ST
Swetz, DS
Switzer, ER
Thornton, R
Trac, H
Tucker, C
Warne, R
Wollack, E
Zhao, Y
AF Dunkley, J.
Hlozek, R.
Sievers, J.
Acquaviva, V.
Ade, P. A. R.
Aguirre, P.
Amiri, M.
Appel, J. W.
Barrientos, L. F.
Battistelli, E. S.
Bond, J. R.
Brown, B.
Burger, B.
Chervenak, J.
Das, S.
Devlin, M. J.
Dicker, S. R.
Doriese, W. Bertrand
Duenner, R.
Essinger-Hileman, T.
Fisher, R. P.
Fowler, J. W.
Hajian, A.
Halpern, M.
Hasselfield, M.
Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.
Hilton, G. C.
Hilton, M.
Hincks, A. D.
Huffenberger, K. M.
Hughes, D. H.
Hughes, J. P.
Infante, L.
Irwin, K. D.
Juin, J. B.
Kaul, M.
Klein, J.
Kosowsky, A.
Lau, J. M.
Limon, M.
Lin, Y-T.
Lupton, R. H.
Marriage, T. A.
Marsden, D.
Mauskopf, P.
Menanteau, F.
Moodley, K.
Moseley, H.
Netterfield, C. B.
Niemack, M. D.
Nolta, M. R.
Page, L. A.
Parker, L.
Partridge, B.
Reid, B.
Sehgal, N.
Sherwin, B.
Spergel, D. N.
Staggs, S. T.
Swetz, D. S.
Switzer, E. R.
Thornton, R.
Trac, H.
Tucker, C.
Warne, R.
Wollack, E.
Zhao, Y.
TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FROM THE 2008
POWER SPECTRUM
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic background radiation; cosmological parameters; cosmology:
observations
ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; PRIMORDIAL
HELIUM ABUNDANCE; BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS;
STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE;
HUBBLE CONSTANT; OBSERVED GROWTH
AB We present cosmological parameters derived from the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation observed at 148 GHz and 218 GHz over 296 deg(2) with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) during its 2008 season. ACT measures fluctuations at scales 500 < l < 10,000. We fit a model for the lensed CMB, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ), and foreground contribution to the 148 GHz and 218 GHz power spectra, including thermal and kinetic SZ, Poisson power from radio and infrared point sources, and clustered power from infrared point sources. At l = 3000, about half the power at 148 GHz comes from primary CMB after masking bright radio sources. The power from thermal and kinetic SZ is estimated to be B-3000 = 6.8 +/- 2.9 mu K-2, where B-l = l (l + 1) C-l/2 pi. The IR Poisson power at 148 GHz is B-3000 = 7.8 +/- 0.7 mu K-2 (Cl = 5.5 +/- 0.5 nK(2)), and a clustered IR component is required with B-3000 = 4.6 +/- 0.9 mu K-2, assuming an analytic model for its power spectrum shape. At 218 GHz only about 15% of the power, approximately 27 mu K-2, is CMB anisotropy at l = 3000. The remaining 85% is attributed to IR sources (approximately 50% Poisson and 35% clustered), with spectral index alpha = 3.69 +/- 0.14 for flux scaling as S(v) proportional to v(alpha). We estimate primary cosmological parameters from the less contaminated 148 GHz spectrum, marginalizing over SZ and source power. The Lambda CDM cosmological model is a good fit to the data (chi(2)/dof = 29/46), and Lambda CDM parameters estimated from ACT+Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) are consistent with the seven-year WMAP limits, with scale invariant ns = 1 excluded at 99.7% confidence level (CL) (3 sigma). A model with no CMB lensing is disfavored at 2.8 sigma. By measuring the third to seventh acoustic peaks, and probing the Silk damping regime, the ACT data improve limits on cosmological parameters that affect the small-scale CMB power. The ACT data combined with WMAP give a 6 sigma detection of primordial helium, with Y-P = 0.313 +/- 0.044, and a 4 sigma detection of relativistic species, assumed to be neutrinos, with N-eff = 5.3 +/- 1.3 (4.6 +/- 0.8 with BAO+H-0 data). From the CMB alone the running of the spectral index is constrained to be dn(s)/d ln k = - 0.034 +/- 0.018, the limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio is r < 0.25 (95% CL), and the possible contribution of Nambu cosmic strings to the power spectrum is constrained to string tension G mu < 1.6 x 10(-7) ( 95% CL).
C1 [Dunkley, J.; Hlozek, R.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
[Dunkley, J.; Appel, J. W.; Das, S.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Fisher, R. P.; Fowler, J. W.; Hajian, A.; Hincks, A. D.; Lau, J. M.; Limon, M.; Niemack, M. D.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L.; Reid, B.; Sherwin, B.; Staggs, S. T.; Switzer, E. R.; Zhao, Y.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Dunkley, J.; Acquaviva, V.; Das, S.; Hajian, A.; Lin, Y-T.; Lupton, R. H.; Marriage, T. A.; Spergel, D. N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Sievers, J.; Bond, J. R.; Hajian, A.; Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.
[Acquaviva, V.; Hughes, J. P.; Menanteau, F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Ade, P. A. R.; Mauskopf, P.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales.
[Aguirre, P.; Barrientos, L. F.; Duenner, R.; Infante, L.; Juin, J. B.; Lin, Y-T.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile.
[Amiri, M.; Battistelli, E. S.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Battistelli, E. S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Brown, B.; Kosowsky, A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Chervenak, J.; Moseley, H.; Wollack, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBL, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Das, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Devlin, M. J.; Dicker, S. R.; Kaul, M.; Klein, J.; Limon, M.; Marsden, D.; Swetz, D. S.; Thornton, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, J. W.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Niemack, M. D.; Swetz, D. S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
[Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.; Warne, R.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa.
[Hilton, M.; Moodley, K.] Rosebank, Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa.
[Huffenberger, K. M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Hughes, D. H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico.
[Lau, J. M.; Sehgal, N.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Lau, J. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Limon, M.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Lin, Y-T.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan.
[Marriage, T. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Partridge, B.] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA.
[Reid, B.] Univ Barcelona, ICC, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
[Switzer, E. R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Thornton, R.] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA.
[Trac, H.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Trac, H.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Dunkley, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England.
RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack,
Edward/D-4467-2012; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew
James/N-5860-2013
OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451;
Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Limon,
Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918;
Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099;
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731,
PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; RCUK
Fellowship; Rhodes Trust; NASA [NNX08AH30G]; Natural Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); NSF [AST-0546035,
AST-0606975]; FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica; CONICYT; MECESUP; Fundacion
Andes; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; South African National
Research Foundation (NRF); South African Centre for High Performance
Computing (CHPC); South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA); Berkeley
Center for Cosmological Physics; World Premier International Research
Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC3-76SF00515]; Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices
of Compute Canada; Government of Toronto; NASA Office of Space Science
FX ACT is on the Chajnantor Science preserve, which was made possible by
the Chilean Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica.
We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the
ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. The PWV data come from
the public APEX weather Web site. Field operations were based at the Don
Esteban facility run by Astro-Norte. Reed Plimpton and David Jacobson
worked at the telescope during the 2008 season. We thank Norm Jarosik
for support throughout the project. We also thank Adam Moss and Richard
Battye for sharing their cosmic string power spectrum, Laurie Shaw and
Nick Battaglia for providing SZ power spectra, and Bruce Bassett for
suggestions on testing lensing in the power spectrum. We thank Marco
Viero and Graeme Addison for providing useful input on clustered point
sources. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation
through awards AST-0408698 for the ACT project, and PHY-0355328,
AST-0707731 and PIRE-0507768. Funding was also provided by Princeton
University and the University of Pennsylvania. The PIRE program made
possible exchanges between Chile, South Africa, Spain, and the US that
enabled this research program. J.D. acknowledges support from an RCUK
Fellowship. R. H. received funding from the Rhodes Trust. V. A., S. D.,
A. H., and T. M. were supported through NASA grant NNX08AH30G. A. D. H.
received additional support from a Natural Science and Engineering
Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PGS-D scholarship. A. K. and B. P.
were partially supported through NSF AST-0546035 and AST-0606975,
respectively, for work on ACT. L. I. acknowledges partial support from
FONDAP Centro de Astrofisica. R. D. was supported by CONICYT, MECESUP,
and Fundacion Andes. E. S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier
Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics.
K. M., M. H., and R. W. received financial support from the South
African National Research Foundation (NRF), the Meraka Institute via
funding for the South African Centre for High Performance Computing
(CHPC), and the South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project. S.
D. acknowledges support from the Berkeley Center for Cosmological
Physics. Y.T.L. acknowledges support from the World Premier
International Research Center Initiative, MEXT, Japan. N.S. is supported
by the U.S. Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC3-76SF00515.
Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC
Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation
under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Toronto. We
acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data
Analysis (LAMBDA). Support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of
Space Science. The data will be made public through LAMBDA
(http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/) and the ACT Web site
(http://www.physics.princeton.edu/act/).
NR 139
TC 269
Z9 269
U1 4
U2 18
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 20
PY 2011
VL 739
IS 1
AR 52
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/739/1/52
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 821DS
UT WOS:000294955700052
ER
PT J
AU Davanco, M
Rakher, MT
Wegscheider, W
Schuh, D
Badolato, A
Srinivasan, K
AF Davanco, M.
Rakher, M. T.
Wegscheider, W.
Schuh, D.
Badolato, A.
Srinivasan, K.
TI Efficient quantum dot single photon extraction into an optical fiber
using a nanophotonic directional coupler
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHT EXTRACTION; MICROCAVITY
AB We demonstrate a spectrally broadband and efficient technique for collecting emission from a single InAs quantum dot directly into a standard single mode optical fiber. In this approach, an optical fiber taper waveguide is placed in contact with a suspended GaAs nanophotonic waveguide with embedded quantum dots, forming a broadband directional coupler with standard optical fiber input and output. Efficient photoluminescence collection over a wavelength range of tens of nanometers is demonstrated, and a maximum collection efficiency of 6% (corresponding single photon rate of 3.0 MHz) into a single mode optical fiber is estimated for a single quantum dot exciton. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3617472]
C1 [Davanco, M.; Rakher, M. T.; Srinivasan, K.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Davanco, M.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Wegscheider, W.; Schuh, D.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
[Badolato, A.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mdavanco@nist.gov
RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015
OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197;
FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter
FX This work was partly supported by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter
Cooperative Agreement. We thank R. Hoyt, C. S. Hellberg, Alexandre M. P.
A. Silva, and Hugo Hernandez-Figueroa for useful discussions.
NR 14
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 19
PY 2011
VL 99
IS 12
AR 121101
DI 10.1063/1.3617472
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 833AH
UT WOS:000295853500001
ER
PT J
AU Dong, SF
Baringer, M
Goni, G
Garzoli, S
AF Dong, Shenfu
Baringer, Molly
Goni, Gustavo
Garzoli, Silvia
TI Importance of the assimilation of Argo float measurements on the
Meridional Overturning Circulation in the South Atlantic
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; MODEL
AB The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and meridional heat transport (MHT) obtained from two GFDL coupled models, with and without data assimilation, are examined and compared with observations collected at nominally 34 S in the South Atlantic. The results demonstrate that the performance of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory (GFDL) coupled data assimilation (CDA) model is quite different between the two periods, 1979-2002 and 2003-2007, due to the assimilation of Argo data in later period. The MOC components from the GFDL CDA during 1979-2002 are similar to those from GFDL CM2.1 IPCC simulation, both give weak boundary currents and strong interior overturning transport compared to observations. However, after assimilating temperature and salinity profiles from the Argo floats, the performance of the GFDL CDA is greatly improved in terms of representing the observed MOC and MHT structure: the transports of boundary currents are twice as strong as those during pre-Argo period, and the overturning flow in the interior region is reduced. Possible causes for the changes in model performance are discussed. Citation: Dong, S., M. Baringer, G. Goni, and S. Garzoli (2011), Importance of the assimilation of Argo float measurements on the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the South Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L18603, doi:10.1029/2011GL048982.
C1 [Dong, Shenfu] Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Dong, Shenfu; Baringer, Molly; Goni, Gustavo; Garzoli, Silvia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Dong, SF (reprint author), Univ Miami, CIMAS, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM shenfu.dong@noaa.gov
RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Goni,
Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012
OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253;
Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194
FU NOAA [NA10OAR4310206]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory (AOML)
FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments
and suggestions. This work is supported by NOAA grant NA10OAR4310206 and
the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratory (AOML).
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 17
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L18603
DI 10.1029/2011GL048982
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 823PS
UT WOS:000295135700004
ER
PT J
AU Fang, YY
Fiore, AM
Horowitz, LW
Gnanadesikan, A
Held, I
Chen, G
Vecchi, G
Levy, H
AF Fang, Yuanyuan
Fiore, Arlene M.
Horowitz, Larry W.
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Held, Isaac
Chen, Gang
Vecchi, Gabriel
Levy, Hiram
TI The impacts of changing transport and precipitation on pollutant
distributions in a future climate
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT; MODELS;
CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; EMISSIONS; OZONE; PM2.5; CLOUD
AB Air pollution (ozone and particulate matter in surface air) is strongly linked to synoptic weather and thus is likely sensitive to climate change. In order to isolate the responses of air pollutant transport and wet removal to a warming climate, we examine a simple carbon monoxide-like (CO) tracer (COt) and a soluble version (SAt), both with the 2001 CO emissions, in simulations with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory chemistry-climate model (AM3) for present (1981-2000) and future (2081-2100) climates. In 2081-2100, projected reductions in lower-tropospheric ventilation and wet deposition exacerbate surface air pollution as evidenced by higher surface COt and SAt concentrations. However, the average horizontal general circulation patterns in 2081-2100 are similar to 1981-2000, so the spatial distribution of COt changes little. Precipitation is an important factor controlling soluble pollutant wet removal, but the total global precipitation change alone does not necessarily indicate the sign of the soluble pollutant response to climate change. Over certain latitudinal bands, however, the annual wet deposition change can be explained mainly by the simulated changes in large-scale (LS) precipitation. In regions such as North America, differences in the seasonality of LS precipitation and tracer burdens contribute to an apparent inconsistency of changes in annual wet deposition versus annual precipitation. As a step toward an ultimate goal of developing a simple index that can be applied to infer changes in soluble pollutants directly from changes in precipitation fields as projected by physical climate models, we explore here a "Diagnosed Precipitation Impact" (DPI) index. This index captures the sign and magnitude (within 50%) of the relative annual mean changes in the global wet deposition of the soluble pollutant. DPI can only be usefully applied in climate models in which LS precipitation dominates wet deposition and horizontal transport patterns change little as climate warms. Our findings support the need for tighter emission regulations, for both soluble and insoluble pollutants, to obtain a desired level of air quality as climate warms.
C1 [Fang, Yuanyuan; Horowitz, Larry W.; Gnanadesikan, Anand; Held, Isaac] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Chen, Gang] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Fang, Yuanyuan; Fiore, Arlene M.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Gnanadesikan, Anand; Held, Isaac; Vecchi, Gabriel; Levy, Hiram] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Fang, YY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM yfang@princeton.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011; Gnanadesikan,
Anand/A-2397-2008; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Chen, Gang/I-3305-2012
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103;
Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Horowitz,
Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Chen, Gang/0000-0003-4934-1909
NR 51
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 17
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D18303
DI 10.1029/2011JD015642
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823OL
UT WOS:000295131700003
ER
PT J
AU Baker, ET
Lupton, JE
Resing, JA
Baumberger, T
Lilley, MD
Walker, SL
Rubin, KH
AF Baker, Edward T.
Lupton, John E.
Resing, Joseph A.
Baumberger, Tamara
Lilley, Marvin D.
Walker, Sharon L.
Rubin, Ken H.
TI Unique event plumes from a 2008 eruption on the Northeast Lau Spreading
Center
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lau Basin; event plumes; hydrothermal venting; seafloor eruption
ID DE-FUCA-RIDGE; EAST PACIFIC RISE; SUBMARINE LAVA FLOWS; HYDROTHERMAL
PLUMES; GORDA RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; AXIAL VOLCANO; HE-3/HEAT RATIOS;
CLEFT SEGMENT; SEA
AB The creation of ocean crust by lava eruptions is a fundamental Earth process, involving immediate and immense transfers of heat and chemicals from crust to ocean. This transfer creates event plumes ("megaplumes"), massive ellipsoidal eddies with distinctive and consistent chemical signatures. Here we report the discovery of unique event plumes associated with a 2008 eruption on the Northeast Lau Spreading Center. Instead of a large plume hundreds of meters thick, we detected at least eight individual plumes, each similar to 50 m thick and apparently only 1-3 km in diameter, yet still rising 200-1000 m above the eruption site. Low and uniform (3)He/heat (0.041 x 10(-17) mol/J) and dissolved Mn/heat (0.04 nmol/J) ratios in water samples were diagnostic of event plumes. High H(2) concentrations (up to 9123 nM) and basalt shards confirmed extensive interactions between molten lava and event plume source fluids. Remote vehicle observations in 2009 mapped a new, small (1.5-5.8 x 10(6) m(3)) lava flow. Our results suggest that event plumes are more variable, and thus perhaps more common, than previously recognized. Small event plumes may be preferentially associated with small or sheet-flow eruptions, and massive event plumes with slowly extruding pillow mounds 25-75 m thick. Despite this correlation, and high H(2) concentrations, existing theory and seafloor observations argue that cooling lava cannot transfer heat fast enough to create the buoyancy flux required for event plumes. The creation of event plumes under a broad range of eruption conditions provides new constraints for any theory of their formation.
Components: 12,000 words, 12 figures, 2 tables.
C1 [Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.; Walker, Sharon L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Baumberger, Tamara] ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Lilley, Marvin D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Rubin, Ken H.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Baker, ET (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM edward.baker@noaa.gov
RI Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008
OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337
FU NOAA; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research; NSF Marine Geology
and Geophysics
FX This research was sponsored by the NOAA VENTS Program, the NOAA Office
of Ocean Exploration and Research, and NSF Marine Geology and
Geophysics. D. A. Clague, G. J. Massoth, and J. W. Lavelle provided
valuable discussion and comments for improving the manuscript. Reviewers
T. Gregg, J.-L. Charlou, and an Associate Editor also offered detailed
and constructive suggestions. This paper is PMEL contribution 3682.
NR 86
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD SEP 16
PY 2011
VL 12
AR Q0AF02
DI 10.1029/2011GC003725
PG 21
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 823PJ
UT WOS:000295134600003
ER
PT J
AU Jacobs, BW
Houk, RJT
Wong, BM
Talin, AA
Allendorf, MD
AF Jacobs, Benjamin W.
Houk, Ronald J. T.
Wong, Bryan M.
Talin, A. Alec
Allendorf, Mark D.
TI Electron beam synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles using
metal-organic frameworks as ordered precursors
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED DEPOSITION; INDIUM; SIZE; IRRADIATION; STABILITY; POLYMERS;
GROWTH; IONS
AB We demonstrate a versatile, bottom-up method of forming metal and semiconducting nanoparticles by exposing precursor metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to an electron beam. Using a transmission electron microscope to initiate and observe growth, we show that the composition, size, and morphology of the nanoparticles are determined by the chemistry and structure of the MOF, as well as the electron beam properties. Zinc oxide, metallic indium and copper particles were produced with narrow and tunable size distributions comparable to those obtained from state-of-the-art methods. This method represents a first step toward the fabrication of nanoscale heterostructures using the highly controlled environment of the MOF pores as a scaffold or template.
C1 [Jacobs, Benjamin W.; Houk, Ronald J. T.; Wong, Bryan M.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jacobs, BW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM mdallen@sandia.gov
RI Wong, Bryan/B-1663-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
OI Wong, Bryan/0000-0002-3477-8043;
FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's
National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors thank Dr Joshua Sugar for his technical assistance with
various aspects of this project. This work was supported by the
Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National
Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia
Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department
of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 34
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 59
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD SEP 16
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 37
AR 375601
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/37/375601
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 817ZX
UT WOS:000294718800010
PM 21852720
ER
PT J
AU Dennis, BS
Aksyuk, V
Haftel, MI
Koev, ST
Blumberg, G
AF Dennis, Brian S.
Aksyuk, Vladimir
Haftel, Michael I.
Koev, Stephan T.
Blumberg, Girsh
TI Enhanced coupling between light and surface plasmons by nano-structured
Fabry-Perot resonator
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICS
AB We demonstrate enhancement of photon to surface plasmon (SP) coupling using subwavelength metallic gratings and a variable gap Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator. Strengthened SPs and light modes are launched by laser excitation in-coupling. Enhancements of out-coupled light intensity up to 15x are measured when compared to systems with no resonator. Out-coupled intensities show a FP type resonance when the resonator gap is scanned. Finite-element time and frequency domain simulations support measured results. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3638127]
C1 [Dennis, Brian S.; Blumberg, Girsh] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Aksyuk, Vladimir; Koev, Stephan T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Haftel, Michael I.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA.
[Koev, Stephan T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Dennis, BS (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM bsd@physics.rutgers.edu
OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722
FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0698]; Dept. of Defense
FX This research was supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0698
(B.S.D., G.B., and M.H.). Computations were supported in part by the
Dept. of Defense High Performance Computation Modernization Project.
Research performed in part and nano-devices fabricated at the NIST
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 110
IS 6
AR 066102
DI 10.1063/1.3638127
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 829XJ
UT WOS:000295619300177
ER
PT J
AU Lowenthal, MS
Gasca-Aragon, H
Schiel, JE
Dodder, NG
Bunk, DM
AF Lowenthal, Mark S.
Gasca-Aragon, Hugo
Schiel, John E.
Dodder, Nathan G.
Bunk, David M.
TI A quantitative LC-MS/MS method for comparative analysis of
capture-antibody affinity toward protein antigens
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL
AND LIFE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Immunoassay; Mass spectrometry; Isotope dilution; Antibody; Troponin
ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARDIAC TROPONIN-I; PERFUSED RABBIT HEART;
ASSAY; PHOSPHORYLATION; STANDARDIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; IMMUNOASSAY;
VALIDATION; ADRENALINE
AB A mass spectrometry-based antibody selection procedure was developed to evaluate optimal 'capture' monoclonal antibodies that can be used in a variety of analytical measurement applications. The isotopedilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID LC-MS/MS) methodology is based on the use of multiple-reaction monitoring of tryptic peptide fragments derived from protein antigens. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was evaluated based on a quantitative determination of relative binding affinity to human cardiac troponin I following immunoprecipitation. Dissociation constants (K-d) were determined for 'bound mAb-antigen' vs. 'unbound antigen' using non-linear regression analysis. Relative quantification of both antigen and antibody was based on the use of stable isotope-labeled synthetic peptides as internal standards. Optimal 'capture' mAbs were determined through evaluation of relative K-d constants of all monitored peptide transitions. A panel of six pre-screened candidate capture mAbs was concluded to consist of two subsets of mAbs, each with statistically equivalent K-d constants as determined using NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2921 - Human Cardiac Troponin Complex. This ID LC-MS/MS method is shown to be capable of quantitatively differentiating mAbs based on relative binding affinities. Selection of optimal capture mAbs can be applied toward a number of analytical applications which require metrological traceability and unbiased quantification. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Gasca-Aragon, Hugo; Schiel, John E.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Bunk, David M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015
OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767
NR 30
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1570-0232
EI 1873-376X
J9 J CHROMATOGR B
JI J. Chromatogr. B
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 879
IS 26
BP 2726
EP 2732
DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.037
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 825QS
UT WOS:000295297800007
PM 21856254
ER
PT J
AU Tsao, CS
Liu, Y
Chuang, HY
Tseng, HH
Chen, TY
Chen, CH
Yu, MS
Li, QX
Lueking, A
Chen, SH
AF Tsao, Cheng-Si
Liu, Yun
Chuang, Haw-Yeu
Tseng, Huan-Hsiung
Chen, Tsan-Yao
Chen, Chien-Hung
Yu, Ming-Sheng
Li, Qixiu
Lueking, Angela
Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Hydrogen Spillover Effect of Pt-Doped Activated Carbon Studied by
Inelastic Neutron Scattering
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; STORAGE CAPACITY; ADSORPTION
AB We employed the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) method to directly monitor the change of molecular hydrogen in the Pt-doped activated carbon (Pt/AC) samples and provide very conclusive evidence that significant hydrogen atoms can diffuse to the carbon surface at room temperature during the spillover process. The INS method is uniquely capable of revealing the state of the hydrogen (either the atomic or molecular form). The INS result shows a direct quantitative evaluation of the amount of hydrogen adsorbed on AC in an atomic form via spillover. Two Pt/AC samples with different spillover effects were studied herein. The spillover behavior related to dissociation, diffusion, and adsorption of hydrogen in the Pt/AC samples at the temperature cycling from 4 up to 300 K was investigated by this INS study. The present study proposes the concept of diffusion length and hydrogen-rich domain around a Pt cluster center in this system based on INS data.
C1 [Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Tsao, Cheng-Si; Chuang, Haw-Yeu; Tseng, Huan-Hsiung; Chen, Chien-Hung; Yu, Ming-Sheng] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan.
[Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Chen, Tsan-Yao] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
[Li, Qixiu; Lueking, Angela] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Lueking, Angela] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Lueking, Angela] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Chen,
Tsan-Yao/D-8374-2014
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Chen, Tsan-Yao/0000-0002-6431-715X
FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce
[70NANB7H6178]; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan,
ROC (NSC) [99-2739-M-213-001]
FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-90ER45429. We
thank the NIST Center for Neutron Research for the allocation of neutron
beam time in BT4- FANS. The research at the University of Delaware is
partly supported by the cooperative agreement 70NANB7H6178 from NIST,
U.S. Department of Commerce. C.-S.T. thanks the travel grant (NSC
99-2739-M-213-001) from the National Synchrotron Radiation Research
Center, Taiwan, ROC.
NR 19
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7185
J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT
JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 18
BP 2322
EP 2325
DI 10.1021/jz2010368
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 822OR
UT WOS:000295058500010
ER
PT J
AU Barnes, CA
Hati, A
Nelson, CW
Howe, DA
AF Barnes, C. A.
Hati, A.
Nelson, C. W.
Howe, D. A.
TI 5 MHz phase detector with low residual flicker
SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NOISE
AB The measurement of close-to-carrier phase modulation (PM) noise of state-of-the-art oscillators is always challenging. Quite often the residual noise of the phase detector used in these measurements is higher than the noise of the source at Fourier offset frequencies between 5 and 100 Hz. A conventional double balanced mixer using 2N2222A transistors as the nonlinear components of a diode ring was constructed for use as a phase detector. Residual single-sideband PM noise measurements at 5 MHz for this device have shown a low flicker noise floor of L(10 Hz) = -2163 dBc/Hz. When this mixer design is implemented in a dual-channel measurement system, a cross-correlated PM noise floor of better than L(10 Hz) = 2170 dBc/Hz is expected.
C1 [Barnes, C. A.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Barnes, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, 325 Broadway,Mailcode 847-30, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM corey.barnes@nist.gov
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET
PI HERTFORD
PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND
SN 0013-5194
J9 ELECTRON LETT
JI Electron. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 19
BP 1066
EP U25
DI 10.1049/el.2011.1863
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA 819PU
UT WOS:000294840800007
ER
PT J
AU Noh, H
Yang, JK
Liew, SF
Rooks, MJ
Solomon, GS
Cao, H
AF Noh, Heeso
Yang, Jin-Kyu
Liew, Seng Fatt
Rooks, Michael J.
Solomon, Glenn S.
Cao, Hui
TI Photonic network laser
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ORDER
AB We demonstrated lasing in two-dimensional trivalent network structures with short-range order. Despite the lack of translational and rotational symmetries, such structures possess a large isotropic photonic bandgap. Different from those of a photonic crystal, the band-edge modes are spatially localized and have high quality factor. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Noh, Heeso; Yang, Jin-Kyu; Liew, Seng Fatt; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
RP Noh, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
EM heeso.noh@yale.edu
RI Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012; Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010
OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109;
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0808937, PHY-0957680]; Korea
Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the Grant for the
Photonics Integration Technology Research Center at the Optics and
Photonics Elite Research Academy [R11-2003-022]
FX We thank Professor Corey S. O'Hern and Carl Schreck for useful
discussion and computer generation of jammed packings of polydisperse
cylinders. This work is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grants DMR-0808937 and PHY-0957680. J.-K. Yang acknowledges the support
of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the
Grant for the Photonics Integration Technology Research Center
(R11-2003-022) at the Optics and Photonics Elite Research Academy.
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 18
BP 3560
EP 3562
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 821BZ
UT WOS:000294951100010
PM 21931390
ER
PT J
AU Gorshkov, AV
Manmana, SR
Chen, G
Demler, E
Lukin, MD
Rey, AM
AF Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Manmana, Salvatore R.
Chen, Gang
Demler, Eugene
Lukin, Mikhail D.
Rey, Ana Maria
TI Quantum magnetism with polar alkali-metal dimers
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID MANY-BODY PHYSICS; T-J MODEL; OPTICAL LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR;
RENORMALIZATION-GROUPS; SINGLE ATOMS; MOLECULES; GASES;
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION
AB We show that dipolar interactions between ultracold polar alkali-metal dimers in optical lattices can be used to realize a highly tunable generalization of the t-J model, which we refer to as the t-J-V-W model. The model features long-range spin-spin interactions J(z) and J(perpendicular to) of XXZ type, long-range density-density interaction V, and long-range density-spin interaction W, all of which can be controlled in both magnitude and sign independently of each other and of the tunneling t. The "spin" is encoded in the rotational degree of freedom of the molecules, while the interactions are controlled by applied static electric and continuous-wave microwave fields. Furthermore, we show that nuclear spins of the molecules can be used to implement an additional ( orbital) degree of freedom that is coupled to the original rotational degree of freedom in a tunable way. The presented system is expected to exhibit exotic physics and to provide insights into strongly correlated phenomena in condensed-matter systems. Realistic experimental imperfections are discussed.
C1 [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Manmana, Salvatore R.; Chen, Gang; Rey, Ana Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Manmana, Salvatore R.; Chen, Gang; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Manmana, Salvatore R.; Chen, Gang; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Demler, Eugene; Lukin, Mikhail D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Demler, Eugene; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Gorshkov, AV (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011
OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Manmana, Salvatore
/0000-0002-4070-0576
FU NSF [PHY-0803371, PHY05-51164, PIF-0904017, DMR-07-05472]; Lee A.
DuBridge Foundation; ARO; DARPA; Harvard-MIT CUA; AFOSR Quantum
Simulation MURI; AFOSR MURI on Ultracold Molecules
FX We thank Jun Ye, Peter Zoller, Jesus Aldegunde, Paul Julienne, Goulven
Quemener, Bernhard Wunsch, Andrew Potter, Alejandro Muramatsu, Alexander
Moreno, Matthias Troyer, Mehrtash Babadi, Peter Rabl, Andrew Daley, and
Hendrik Weimer for discussions. This work was supported by NSF (PFC and
Grants No. PHY-0803371, No. PHY05-51164, No. PIF-0904017, and No.
DMR-07-05472), the Lee A. DuBridge Foundation, ARO with funding from the
DARPA OLE program, Harvard-MIT CUA, AFOSR Quantum Simulation MURI, and
AFOSR MURI on Ultracold Molecules.
NR 113
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 033619
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033619
PG 23
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 820QG
UT WOS:000294919900006
ER
PT J
AU Yang, JK
Noh, H
Liew, SF
Rooks, MJ
Solomon, GS
Cao, H
AF Yang, Jin-Kyu
Noh, Heeso
Liew, Seng Fatt
Rooks, Michael J.
Solomon, Glenn S.
Cao, Hui
TI Lasing modes in polycrystalline and amorphous photonic structures
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROCAVITY LASERS; DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; CRYSTALS; ORDER
AB We systematically studied the lasing characteristics in photonic polycrystalline and amorphous structures. 2D arrays of air holes were fabricated in a GaAs membrane. InAs quantum dots embedded in the membrane provide gain for lasing under optical pumping. The lasing modes are spatially localized, and blue shift as the structural order becomes short ranged. Our three-dimensional numerical simulations reveal that the out-of-plane leakage of the lasing mode dominates over the in-plane leakage. The lasing modes in a photonic polycrystalline move away from the center frequency of the photonic band gap to reduce the out-of-plane leakage. In a photonic amorphous structure, the short-range order improves optical confinement and enhances the quality factor of resonances. Understanding the behavior of photonic polycrystalline laser and amorphous laser opens the possibility of controlling lasing characteristic by varying the degree of structural order.
C1 [Yang, Jin-Kyu; Noh, Heeso; Liew, Seng Fatt; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Yang, Jin-Kyu] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Opt Engn, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RP Yang, JK (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
RI Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012; Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010
OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109;
FU NSF [DMR-0808937]; Yale MRSEC [DMR-0520495]; NRF; Korean government
(MEST) [2011-0015030]
FX The authors thank Professor Corey S. O'Hern and Carl Schreck for
computer generation of jammed packing of cylinders, and Professor Eric
R. Dufresne and Professor Richard O. Prum for useful discussions. This
work is funded by NSF Grant No. DMR-0808937 (HC), and a seed grant from
the Yale MRSEC (DMR-0520495). J.-K. Yang acknowledges the support of the
Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Korean
government (MEST) (2011-0015030). This work also benefited from the
facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences
High Performance Computing Center.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 033820
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033820
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 820QG
UT WOS:000294919900008
ER
PT J
AU Chauleau, JY
McMorran, BJ
Belkhou, R
Bergeard, N
Mentes, TO
Nino, MA
Locatelli, A
Unguris, J
Rohart, S
Miltat, J
Thiaville, A
AF Chauleau, J. -Y.
McMorran, B. J.
Belkhou, R.
Bergeard, N.
Mentes, T. O.
Nino, M. A.
Locatelli, A.
Unguris, J.
Rohart, S.
Miltat, J.
Thiaville, A.
TI Magnetization textures in NiPd nanostructures
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID YOUNGS MODULUS; PD ALLOYS; PALLADIUM
AB We have observed peculiar magnetization textures in Ni(80)Pd(20) nanostrips using three different imaging techniques: magnetic force microscopy, photoemission electron microscopy under polarized x-ray absorption, and scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis. The appearance of diamondlike domains with strong lateral charges and of weak-stripe structures reveals the presence of both a transverse and a perpendicular anisotropy in these nanostructures. The anisotropy is seen to reinforce as temperature decreases, as testified by observations performed at 150 K. A thermal stress model with relaxation is proposed to account for these observations. Elastic calculations coupled to micromagnetic simulations support qualitatively this model.
C1 [Chauleau, J. -Y.; Bergeard, N.; Rohart, S.; Miltat, J.; Thiaville, A.] Univ Paris 11, LPS, CNRS UMR 8502, FR-91405 Orsay, France.
[McMorran, B. J.; Unguris, J.; Miltat, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Belkhou, R.; Bergeard, N.] Synchrotron SOLEIL, FR-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Mentes, T. O.] Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, ELETTRA, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy.
[Miltat, J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Chauleau, JY (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, LPS, CNRS UMR 8502, FR-91405 Orsay, France.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Gastelois, Pedro/F-3891-2012; Unguris,
John/J-3989-2014; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016; Nino Orti, Miguel
Angel/M-2571-2014
OI McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076; Mentes, Tevfik
Onur/0000-0003-0413-9272; Locatelli, Andrea/0000-0002-8072-7343; Nino
Orti, Miguel Angel/0000-0003-3692-147X
FU French Agence nationale de la recherche [ANR-09-NANO-002 HYFONT]
FX We thank T. Kontos and M. Aprili for discussions, encouragements, and
help in sample elaboration, R. Weil for advice and help on sample
nanofabrication, J. Ben Youssef and V. Castel for their help in samples
characterization, F. Glas for the first estimations of the elastic
deformations, and I. Vickridge at the SAFIR instrument for sample
composition measurements by RBS. Work at LPS was partly supported by the
French Agence nationale de la recherche, under Contract No.
ANR-09-NANO-002 HYFONT.
NR 32
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 9
AR 094416
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.094416
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 820QT
UT WOS:000294921200005
ER
PT J
AU Brewer, TM
Verkouteren, JR
AF Brewer, Tim M.
Verkouteren, Jennifer R.
TI Atmospheric identification of active ingredients in over-the-counter
pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse by atmospheric pressure glow
discharge mass spectrometry (APGD-MS)
SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-IONIZATION SOURCE; NITRATE
ESTER EXPLOSIVES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; AMBIENT CONDITIONS;
DESORPTION-IONIZATION; SAMPLES; AIR; FRAGMENTATION; PROBE
AB Atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry was used to characterize the active ingredients in pharmaceutical over-the-counter (OTC) drug formulations (Tylenol Allergy, Alka-Seltzer Plus Nighttime, Sudafed, Aleve and Mucinex DM) and drugs of abuse (crack cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy) and hydrocodone). Material was desorbed and directly ionized under atmospheric conditions by allowing the substance to come in direct contact with the plasma followed by mass spectrometric detection. With this technique, controlled substances and OTC medications were readily distinguished from one another. Characteristic mass spectra were identified for the active ingredients in the OTC and drugs of abuse. Importantly, all drug compounds studied here, both OTC and illicit, demonstrated signals for either molecular ions or protonated molecules as well as fragmentation patterns that are readily identified in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) electron ionization (EI) mass spectral library. It is believed that this technique holds promise for forensic and law enforcement communities for real-time atmospheric analysis of drugs with database-searchable spectra of controlled substances. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Brewer, Tim M.; Verkouteren, Jennifer R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Brewer, TM (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM timothy.brewer@nist.gov
NR 25
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 16
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0951-4198
J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP
JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
PD SEP 15
PY 2011
VL 25
IS 17
BP 2407
EP 2417
DI 10.1002/rcm.5136
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 812DE
UT WOS:000294267200006
PM 21818799
ER
PT J
AU Ervens, B
Feingold, G
Sulia, K
Harrington, J
AF Ervens, Barbara
Feingold, Graham
Sulia, Kara
Harrington, Jerry
TI The impact of microphysical parameters, ice nucleation mode, and habit
growth on the ice/liquid partitioning in mixed-phase Arctic clouds
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; PREDICTION-SYSTEM SHIPS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS;
VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PART II; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; AEROSOL; SIMULATIONS;
EFFICIENCY; CCN
AB The fundamental physical processes that maintain supercooled liquid in observed Arctic mixed-phase clouds are poorly constrained. To isolate the factors that control ice/liquid partitioning during the ascent of an air parcel, we apply an adiabatic parcel model that includes ice nucleation by deposition and immersion freezing and ice habit evolution. Simulations are performed for two different temperature regimes that resemble those observed during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (-13 degrees C < T < -9 degrees C) and the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (-22 degrees C < T < -17 degrees C). Effects on ice and liquid water evolution in an updraft are explored as a function of ice nucleus (IN) concentration and nucleation mode, updraft velocity, properties of cloud condensation nuclei, and assumption about ice particle shape (habit). For most conditions, ice and liquid coexist and increase simultaneously, and only at high IN concentrations or low updraft velocities do ice particles grow at the expense of droplets. The impact of the ice nucleation mode on ice/liquid distribution depends on the temperature and supersaturation regime. The assumption of spherical ice particles instead of nonspherical habits leads to an underestimate of ice growth. It is concluded that updraft velocity, IN concentrations, and particle shape can impact ice/liquid distribution to similar extents.
C1 [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ervens, Barbara; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sulia, Kara; Harrington, Jerry] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov
RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635;
FU NOAA from the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-08ER64539, DE-SC0002037]; NSF [ATM-0639542, AGS-0951807];
Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department
of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64058]; Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
Science (DOE SCGF); Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE
[DE-AC05-06OR23100]
FX B.E. and G. F. acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal and from the
Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grants
DE-FG02-08ER64539 and DE-SC0002037. J.H. and K. S. were supported by NSF
grants ATM-0639542 and AGS-0951807. J.H. received partial support for
this work through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of
the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-05ER64058 as part of the
Atmospheric System Research Program. K. S. was supported in part by an
award from the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate
Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF). The DOE SCGF Program was made possible in
part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The DOE SCGF
program is administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and
Education for the DOE. ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated
Universities (ORAU) under DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23100. All opinions
expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect
the policies and views of DOE, ORAU, or ORISE.
NR 58
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 14
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D17205
DI 10.1029/2011JD015729
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823OF
UT WOS:000295131100005
ER
PT J
AU Borkowski, M
Ciurylo, R
Julienne, PS
Yamazaki, R
Hara, H
Enomoto, K
Taie, S
Sugawa, S
Takasu, Y
Takahashi, Y
AF Borkowski, Mateusz
Ciurylo, Roman
Julienne, Paul S.
Yamazaki, Rekishu
Hara, Hideaki
Enomoto, Katsunari
Taie, Shintaro
Sugawa, Seiji
Takasu, Yosuke
Takahashi, Yoshiro
TI Photoassociative production of ultracold heteronuclear ytterbium
molecules
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; ATOMS
AB We report observations of photoassociation (PA) spectra near the intercombination line in isotopic mixtures of ultracold ytterbium gases. Several heteronuclear bound states have been found for the excited (170)Yb(174)Yb and (174)Yb(176)Yb molecules. We develop a single-channel mass-scaled interaction model for the excited state molecule which well reproduces the measured bound state energies. This is an important step toward optical control of interactions in mixtures of ultracold ytterbium gases using heteronuclear optical Feshbach resonances. The model developed is applicable in collisions of other similar systems, such as cadmium and mercury.
C1 [Borkowski, Mateusz; Ciurylo, Roman] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
[Julienne, Paul S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yamazaki, Rekishu; Hara, Hideaki; Taie, Shintaro; Sugawa, Seiji; Takasu, Yosuke; Takahashi, Yoshiro] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Yamazaki, Rekishu; Takahashi, Yoshiro] JST, CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
[Enomoto, Katsunari] Toyama Univ, Dept Phys, Toyama 9308555, Japan.
RP Borkowski, M (reprint author), Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, Ul Grudziadzka 5-7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Borkowski, Mateusz/C-2499-2013; Yamazaki,
Rekishu/C-3308-2013; Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne,
Paul/E-9378-2012;
OI Yamazaki, Rekishu/0000-0003-4408-5432; Julienne,
Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Borkowski, Mateusz/0000-0003-0236-8100
FU JSPS [18204035, 21102005C01, 22684022]; MEXT of Japan; Polish MNISW [N
N202 1489 33]; Foundation for Polish Science; EU; National Laboratory
FAMO in Torun, Poland
FX This work was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific
Research of JSPS (No. 18204035, No. 21102005C01 (Quantum Cybernetics),
and No. 22684022), the GCOE Program "The Next Generation of Physics,
Spun from Universality and Emergence" from MEXT of Japan, and the FIRST
program. S. T. and S. S. acknowledge support from JSPS. The research was
partially supported by the Polish MNISW (Project No. N N202 1489 33) and
the Foundation for Polish Science TEAM Project cofinanced by the EU
European Regional Development Fund and is part of the program of the
National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland.
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 14
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 030702
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.030702
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 820PX
UT WOS:000294919000002
ER
PT J
AU Brown, KR
Wilson, AC
Colombe, Y
Ospelkaus, C
Meier, AM
Knill, E
Leibfried, D
Wineland, DJ
AF Brown, K. R.
Wilson, A. C.
Colombe, Y.
Ospelkaus, C.
Meier, A. M.
Knill, E.
Leibfried, D.
Wineland, D. J.
TI Single-qubit-gate error below 10(-4) in a trapped ion
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM COMPUTERS
AB With a Be-9(+) trapped-ion hyperfine-state qubit, we demonstrate an error probability per randomized single-qubit gate of 2.0(2) x 10(-5), below the threshold estimate of 10(-4) commonly considered sufficient for fault-tolerant quantum computing. The Be-9(+) ion is trapped above a microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap and is manipulated with microwaves applied to a trap electrode. The achievement of low single-qubit-gate errors is an essential step toward the construction of a scalable quantum computer.
C1 [Brown, K. R.; Wilson, A. C.; Colombe, Y.; Ospelkaus, C.; Meier, A. M.; Knill, E.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Brown, KR (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, 400 10th St NW, Atlanta, GA 30318 USA.
EM kbrown@iontrapping.com
RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009
OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936
FU IARPA; NSA; DARPA; ONR; NIST
FX This work was supported by IARPA, NSA, DARPA, ONR, and the NIST Quantum
Information Program. We thank U. Warring, M. Biercuk, A. VanDevender, J.
Amini, and R. B. Blakestad for their help in assembling parts of the
experiment, and we thank J. Britton, S. Glancy, A. Steane, and C.
Bennett for comments. This article is a contribution of the U.S.
Government, not subject to U.S. copyright.
NR 22
TC 79
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U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 14
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 030303
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.030303
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 820PX
UT WOS:000294919000001
ER
PT J
AU Berninger, M
Zenesini, A
Huang, B
Harm, W
Nagerl, HC
Ferlaino, F
Grimm, R
Julienne, PS
Hutson, JM
AF Berninger, M.
Zenesini, A.
Huang, B.
Harm, W.
Naegerl, H. -C.
Ferlaino, F.
Grimm, R.
Julienne, P. S.
Hutson, J. M.
TI Universality of the Three-Body Parameter for Efimov States in Ultracold
Cesium
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMS; SCATTERING; SYSTEM
AB We report on the observation of triatomic Efimov resonances in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms. Exploiting the wide tunability of interactions resulting from three broad Feshbach resonances in the same spin channel, we measure magnetic-field dependent three-body recombination loss. The positions of the loss resonances yield corresponding values for the three-body parameter, which in universal few-body physics is required to describe three-body phenomena and, in particular, to fix the spectrum of Efimov states. Our observations show a robust universal behavior with a three-body parameter that stays essentially constant.
C1 [Berninger, M.; Zenesini, A.; Huang, B.; Harm, W.; Naegerl, H. -C.; Ferlaino, F.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Berninger, M.; Zenesini, A.; Huang, B.; Harm, W.; Naegerl, H. -C.; Ferlaino, F.; Grimm, R.] Univ Innsbruck, Zentrum Quantenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Grimm, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
[Julienne, P. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Julienne, P. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hutson, J. M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
RP Berninger, M (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/E-7329-2010; Grimm, Rudolf/D-2864-2009;
Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Zenesini,
Alessandro/A-7689-2013; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph/0000-0002-7789-4431; Grimm,
Rudolf/0000-0003-1085-5558; Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622;
Zenesini, Alessandro/0000-0001-8035-3348; Julienne,
Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
FU Austrian Science Fund FWF [P23106]; European Commission; AFOSR
FX We thank M. Ueda, T. Mukaiyama, P. Naidon, and S. Jochim for
discussions. We acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund FWF
within project P23106. A. Z. is supported within the Marie Curie
Intra-European Program of the European Commission. P.S.J. and J.M.H.
acknowledge support from an AFOSR MURI grant.
NR 34
TC 100
Z9 100
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 14
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 12
AR 120401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.120401
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 820TU
UT WOS:000294929400001
PM 22026757
ER
PT J
AU Tavazza, F
Smith, DT
Levine, LE
Pratt, JR
Chaka, AM
AF Tavazza, F.
Smith, D. T.
Levine, L. E.
Pratt, J. R.
Chaka, A. M.
TI Electron Transport in Gold Nanowires: Stable 1-, 2- and 3-Dimensional
Atomic Structures and Noninteger Conduction States
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB Experimental conductivity measurements made during highly stable tensile deformation of Au nanowires show a rich variety of behaviors, including noninteger quantum conductance plateaus, transitions, and slopes. Using tight binding conductance calculations on simulated nanowires previously deformed using density functional theory, we demonstrate that all of these phenomena arise from structural transitions between deeply metastable ordered atomic configurations that self-organize during tensile deformation.
C1 [Tavazza, F.; Smith, D. T.; Levine, L. E.; Pratt, J. R.; Chaka, A. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016
OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449
NR 33
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 14
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 12
AR 126802
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.126802
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 820TU
UT WOS:000294929400009
PM 22026784
ER
PT J
AU Perring, AE
Schwarz, JP
Spackman, JR
Bahreini, R
de Gouw, JA
Gao, RS
Holloway, JS
Lack, DA
Langridge, JM
Peischl, J
Middlebrook, AM
Ryerson, TB
Warneke, C
Watts, LA
Fahey, DW
AF Perring, A. E.
Schwarz, J. P.
Spackman, J. R.
Bahreini, R.
de Gouw, J. A.
Gao, R. S.
Holloway, J. S.
Lack, D. A.
Langridge, J. M.
Peischl, J.
Middlebrook, A. M.
Ryerson, T. B.
Warneke, C.
Watts, L. A.
Fahey, D. W.
TI Characteristics of black carbon aerosol from a surface oil burn during
the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRUDE-OIL; EMISSIONS;
SPECTROSCOPY; COMBUSTION; DEPENDENCE; PARTICLE
AB Black carbon (BC) aerosol mass mixing ratio and microphysical properties were measured from the NOAA P-3 aircraft during active surface oil burning subsequent to the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion in April 2010. Approximately 4% of the combusted material was released into the atmosphere as BC. The total amount of BC introduced to the atmosphere of the Gulf of Mexico via surface burning of oil during the 9-week spill is estimated to be (1.35 +/- 0.72) x 106 kg. The median mass diameter of BC particles observed in the burning plume was much larger than that of the non-plume Gulf background air and previously sampled from a variety of sources. The plume BC particles were internally mixed with very little non-refractory material, a feature typical of fresh emissions from fairly efficient fossil-fuel burning sources and atypical of BC in biomass burning plumes. BC dominated the total accumulation-mode aerosol in both mass and number. The BC mass-specific extinction cross-section was 10.2 + 4.1 and 7.1 + 2.8 m(2)/g at 405 and 532 nm respectively. These results help constrain the properties of BC emissions associated with DWH and other large spills. Citation: Perring, A. E., et al. (2011), Characteristics of black carbon aerosol from a surface oil burn during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17809, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048356.
C1 [Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Bahreini, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Gao, R. S.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Langridge, J. M.; Peischl, J.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Perring, A. E.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Bahreini, R.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.; Lack, D. A.; Langridge, J. M.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.; Watts, L. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Perring, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM anne.perring@noaa.gov
RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Middlebrook,
Ann/E-4831-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012;
schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Gao,
Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Watts,
Laurel/G-4532-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Fahey,
David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304;
Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223;
Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; de
Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634;
FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA
FX The authors thank the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) staff for
their role in this research, Charles Brock for his particle data and
Eliot Atlas, Don Blake and Simone Meinardi for their hydrocarbon data.
Support was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA
Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program.
NR 27
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 13
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17809
DI 10.1029/2011GL048356
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 823PK
UT WOS:000295134700001
ER
PT J
AU Motayed, A
Krylyuk, S
Davydov, AV
AF Motayed, Abhishek
Krylyuk, Sergiy
Davydov, Albert V.
TI Characterization of deep-levels in silicon nanowires by low-frequency
noise spectroscopy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We have used low-frequency noise (LFN) spectroscopy to characterize generation-recombination (G-R) centers in silicon nanowires grown using chemical vapor deposition. The LFN spectra showed Lorentzian behavior with well-defined corner-frequency indicative of single G-R center in the bandgap. From the temperature-dependent LFN measurement a single deep level at 0.39 eV from the bandedge is identified, which matches closely with the Au donor level in Si. The trap concentration was estimated at 2.0 x 10(12) cm(-3) with electron and hole capture cross-sections of 9.5 x 10(-17) cm(2) and 1.4 x 10(-16) cm(2), respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of the LFN spectroscopy in characterization of deep-levels in nanowires. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3637049]
C1 [Motayed, Abhishek; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM amotayed@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
FU DTRA [HDTRA1-10-1-0107]
FX This work was partially supported by the DTRA, Basic Research Award No.
HDTRA1-10-1-0107, to the University of Maryland.
NR 26
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD SEP 12
PY 2011
VL 99
IS 11
AR 113107
DI 10.1063/1.3637049
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 822HK
UT WOS:000295034400060
ER
PT J
AU Heinecke, DC
Bartels, A
Diddams, SA
AF Heinecke, Dirk C.
Bartels, Albrecht
Diddams, Scott A.
TI Offset frequency dynamics and phase noise properties of a
self-referenced 10 GHz Ti:sapphire frequency comb
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; MICROWAVE SIGNALS; PULSE
GENERATION; FIBER LASER; AMPLITUDE; 10-GHZ
AB This paper shows the experimental details of the stabilization scheme that allows full control of the repetition rate and the carrier-envelope offset frequency of a 10 GHz frequency comb based on a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. Octave-spanning spectra are produced in nonlinear microstructured optical fiber, in spite of the reduced peak power associated with the 10 GHz repetition rate. Improved stability of the broadened spectrum is obtained by temperature-stabilization of the nonlinear optical fiber. The carrier-envelope offset frequency and the repetition rate are simultaneously frequency stabilized, and their short-and long-term stabilities are characterized. We also measure the transfer of amplitude noise of the pump source to phase noise on the offset frequency and verify an increased sensitivity of the offset frequency to pump power modulation compared to systems with lower repetition rate. Finally, we discuss merits of this 10 GHz system for the generation of low-phase-noise microwaves from the photodetected pulse train. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America
C1 [Heinecke, Dirk C.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Heinecke, Dirk C.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany.
[Bartels, Albrecht] Gigaoptics GmbH, D-78462 Constance, Germany.
RP Heinecke, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dirk.heinecke@uni-konstanz.de; sdiddams@nist.gov
RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Heinecke, Dirk/E-2952-2012; Diddams,
Scott/L-2819-2013
OI Heinecke, Dirk/0000-0001-7894-3066;
FU NIST, an agency of the US government
FX We thank F. Quinlan and T. Fortier for experimental assistance and
helpful discussions, A. Joshi and S. Datta of Discovery Semiconductors
for providing the 10 GHz InGaAs photodiode and M. Kirchner and G. Ycas
for their comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by NIST,
an agency of the US government, and is not subject to copyright in the
US.
NR 34
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 9
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 12
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 19
BP 18440
EP 18451
DI 10.1364/OE.19.018440
PG 12
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 818UL
UT WOS:000294781200076
PM 21935212
ER
PT J
AU Liu, TA
Newbury, NR
Coddington, I
AF Liu, Tze-An
Newbury, Nathan R.
Coddington, Ian
TI Sub-micron absolute distance measurements in sub-millisecond times with
dual free-running femtosecond Er fiber-lasers
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; PULSE LASER; INTERFEROMETRY; AIR; SPECTROSCOPY;
JITTER; RANGE
AB We demonstrate a simplified dual-comb LIDAR setup for precision absolute ranging that can achieve a ranging precision of 2 mu m in 140 mu s acquisition time. With averaging, the precision drops below 1 mu m at 0.8 ms and below 200 nm at 20 ms. The system can measure the distance to multiple targets with negligible dead zones and a ranging ambiguity of 1 meter. The system is much simpler than a previous coherent dual-comb LIDAR because the two combs are replaced by free-running, saturable-absorber-based femtosecond Er fiber lasers, rather than tightly phase-locked combs, with the entire time base provided by a single 10-digit frequency counter. Despite the simpler design, the system provides a factor of three improved performance over the previous coherent dual comb LIDAR system.
C1 [Liu, Tze-An] Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
[Newbury, Nathan R.; Coddington, Ian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Liu, TA (reprint author), Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, 321,Sec 2,Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
EM ian@nist.gov
FU Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection of the Republic of China
(Taiwan); National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This research was supported by the Bureau of Standards, Metrology and
Inspection of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology. We would also like to acknowledge
Bill Swann for technical support, Shelley Etzel and Kevin Silverman for
depositing the gold coatings, and Paul Williams and Matt Kirchner for
useful discussions. Work of NIST, agency of the U.S. Government and not
subject to copyright.
NR 32
TC 38
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U1 7
U2 29
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD SEP 12
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 19
BP 18501
EP 18509
DI 10.1364/OE.19.018501
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 818UL
UT WOS:000294781200083
PM 21935219
ER
PT J
AU Wang, M
Wang, MY
Li, GN
Huang, Q
Li, CH
Tan, GT
Zhang, CL
Cao, HB
Tian, W
Zhao, Y
Chen, YC
Lu, XY
Sheng, B
Luo, HQ
Li, SL
Fang, MH
Zarestky, JL
Ratcliff, W
Lumsden, MD
Lynn, JW
Dai, PC
AF Wang, Meng
Wang, Miaoyin
Li, G. N.
Huang, Q.
Li, C. H.
Tan, G. T.
Zhang, C. L.
Cao, Huibo
Tian, Wei
Zhao, Yang
Chen, Y. C.
Lu, X. Y.
Sheng, Bin
Luo, H. Q.
Li, S. L.
Fang, M. H.
Zarestky, J. L.
Ratcliff, W.
Lumsden, M. D.
Lynn, J. W.
Dai, Pengcheng
TI Antiferromagnetic order and superlattice structure in nonsuperconducting
and superconducting RbyFe1.6+xSe2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; COMPETING ORDERS; IRON; NEUTRON
AB Neutron diffraction has been used to study the lattice and magnetic structures of the insulating and superconducting RbyFe1.6+ xSe2. For the insulating RbyFe1.6+ xSe2, neutron polarization analysis and single-crystal neutron diffraction unambiguously confirm the earlier proposed root 5 x root 5 block antiferromagnetic structure. For superconducting samples (T-c = 30 K), we find that in addition to the tetragonal root 5 x root 5 superlattice structure transition at 513 K, the material develops a separate root 2 x root 2 superlattice structure at a lower temperature of 480 K. These results suggest that superconducting RbyFe1.6+xSe2 is phase separated with coexisting root 2 x root 2 and root 5 x root 5 superlattice structures.
C1 [Wang, Meng; Li, G. N.; Li, C. H.; Chen, Y. C.; Lu, X. Y.; Sheng, Bin; Luo, H. Q.; Li, S. L.; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Meng; Wang, Miaoyin; Tan, G. T.; Zhang, C. L.; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Li, G. N.; Huang, Q.; Zhao, Yang; Ratcliff, W.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tan, G. T.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Nucl Sci & Technol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Cao, Huibo; Lumsden, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Tian, Wei; Zarestky, J. L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Tian, Wei; Zarestky, J. L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Fang, M. H.] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, M (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
EM pdai@utk.edu
RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Wang, Miaoyin/C-9224-2012; Dai, Pengcheng
/C-9171-2012; WANG, MENG/E-6595-2012; Luo, Huiqian/F-4049-2012; Tian,
Wei/C-8604-2013; Cao, Huibo/A-6835-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012
OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; WANG, MENG/0000-0002-8232-2331;
Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Cao, Huibo/0000-0002-5970-4980; Lumsden,
Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660
FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2010CB833102, 2010CB923002,
2011CBA00110, 2011CBA00103]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; US DOE BES
[DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; US [NSF-OISE-0968226];
Natural Science Foundation of China [10974175]
FX We are grateful to Jiangping Hu and Tao Xiang for helpful discussions.
Work at IOP is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of
China (973 Project Nos. 2010CB833102, 2010CB923002, and 2011CBA00110)
and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The single-crystal growth and
neutron scattering effort at the University of Tennessee (UT) is
supported by US DOE BES under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46202 (P. D.). Work
at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory neutron scattering facilities are
supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Part of the work at the UT is
also supported by the US NSF-OISE-0968226 (P. D.). The work at Zhejiang
University is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 10974175) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
(973 Project No. 2011CBA00103).
NR 40
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 12
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 9
AR 094504
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.094504
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 818RU
UT WOS:000294773500008
ER
PT J
AU Guo, H
Golaz, JC
Donner, LJ
AF Guo, H.
Golaz, J. -C.
Donner, L. J.
TI Aerosol effects on stratocumulus water paths in a PDF-based
parameterization
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTIONS; STRATIFORM CLOUD
MICROPHYSICS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DROPLET
ACTIVATION; PART I; MODEL; DYNAMICS; TESTS
AB Successful simulation of aerosol indirect effects in climate models requires parameterizations that capture the full range of cloud-aerosol interactions, including positive and negative liquid water path (LWP) responses to increasing aerosol concentrations, as suggested by large eddy simulations (LESs). A parameterization based on multi-variate probability density functions with dynamics (MVD PDFs) has been incorporated into the single-column version of GFDL AM3, extended to treat aerosol activation, and coupled with a two-moment microphysics scheme. We use it to explore cloud-aerosol interactions. In agreement with LESs, our single-column simulations produce both positive and negative LWP responses to increasing aerosol concentrations, depending on precipitation and free atmosphere relative humidity. We have conducted sensitivity tests to vertical resolution and droplet sedimentation parameterization. The dependence of sedimentation on cloud droplet size is essential to capture the full LWP responses to aerosols. Further analyses reveal that the MVD PDFs are able to represent changes in buoyancy profiles induced by sedimentation as well as enhanced entrainment efficiency with aerosols comparable to LESs. Citation: Guo, H., J.-C. Golaz, and L. J. Donner (2011), Aerosol effects on stratocumulus water paths in a PDF-based parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17808, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048611.
C1 [Guo, H.] NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Guo, H (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM huan.guo@noaa.gov; chris.golaz@noaa.gov; leo.j.donner@noaa.gov
RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Guo, Huan/D-8282-2014
OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435;
FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team
FX H. Guo is supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the
Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its
Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects. We acknowledge Vincent E.
Larson and his group for their continued support of the CLUBB
parameterization. We thank Hugh Morrison and Andrew Gettelman for their
two-moment microphysics source code. We also thank Andrew S. Ackerman
for kindly providing datasets of LES results in electronic form.
NR 27
TC 14
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U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 10
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17808
DI 10.1029/2011GL048611
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 818WG
UT WOS:000294786000003
ER
PT J
AU Veres, PR
Roberts, JM
Cochran, AK
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
Holloway, JS
Graus, M
Flynn, J
Lefer, B
Warneke, C
de Gouw, J
AF Veres, Patrick R.
Roberts, James M.
Cochran, Anthony K.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Kuster, William C.
Holloway, John S.
Graus, Martin
Flynn, James
Lefer, Barry
Warneke, Carsten
de Gouw, Joost
TI Evidence of rapid production of organic acids in an urban air mass
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ACETIC-ACIDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ATMOSPHERE;
AMBIENT; CALIBRATION; EMISSIONS; EXHAUSTS; SYSTEM; SMOG
AB Gas-phase acids (nitric, formic, acrylic, methacrylic, propionic, and pyruvic/butryic acid) were measured using negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) in Pasadena, CA as part of the CalNex 2010 (Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) study in May-June 2010. Organic acid concentrations ranged from a few parts per trillion by volume (pptv) to several parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with the largest concentrations observed for formic and propionic acids. Photochemically processed urban emissions transported from Los Angeles were frequently sampled during the day. Analysis of transported emissions demonstrates a strong correlation of organic acid concentrations with both nitric acid and odd oxygen (O-x = O-3 + NO2) showing that the organic acids are photochemically and rapidly produced from urban emissions. Citation: Veres, P. R., et al. (2011), Evidence of rapid production of organic acids in an urban air mass, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17807, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048420.
C1 [Veres, Patrick R.; Holloway, John S.; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Veres, Patrick R.; Roberts, James M.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Holloway, John S.; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Cochran, Anthony K.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA Interdisciplinary Sci Environm Technol Ctr I, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Flynn, James; Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
RP Veres, PR (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, JJ Becher Weg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
EM patrick.veres@mpic.de
RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster,
William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X;
Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588;
Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242;
FU NOAA; NSF [ATM 1542457]
FX We thank the California Institute of Technology for hosting the CalNex
2010 ground site. This work was supported by the NOAA's Health of the
Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal, the NOAA ISET Program, and
NSF grant ATM 1542457.
NR 24
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 4
U2 50
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 10
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17807
DI 10.1029/2011GL048420
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 818WG
UT WOS:000294786000001
ER
PT J
AU Brock, CA
Murphy, DM
Bahreini, R
Middlebrook, AM
AF Brock, Charles A.
Murphy, Daniel M.
Bahreini, Roya
Middlebrook, Ann M.
TI Formation and growth of organic aerosols downwind of the Deepwater
Horizon oil spill
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; EVENTS; RATES; URBAN
AB Aerosol size distributions were measured in June 2010 downwind of the surface oil slick produced by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Previous work has shown that rapid condensation of partially oxidized hydrocarbons was responsible for formation of a plume of secondary organic aerosol downwind of the spill region. Here we examine new particle formation and growth kinetics. New particles were formed upwind of the freshest oil but downwind of oil that surfaced less than about 100 hours previously. Four nm particles formed at a rate of similar to 3 cm(-3) s(-1) and subsequently grew by condensation at a rate of similar to 20 nm hr(-1); preexisting accumulation mode particles grew by similar to 10 nm hr(-1). The gas-phase concentration of a condensing species necessary to support irreversible growth with unit accommodation coefficient is estimated to be similar to 0.04-0.09 mu g m(-3) (similar to 3-8 pptv). Gas-phase concentrations may have been higher if condensation were limited by volatility. The ratio of growth rates for newly formed particles to accumulation mode particles was consistent within error limits with irreversible condensation. The absence of new particle formation away from the < 100 hr-old oil slick indicates that the oxidation products of gas-phase hydrocarbon species were directly involved in the formation and growth of new particles. Citation: Brock, C. A., D. M. Murphy, R. Bahreini, and A. M. Middlebrook (2011), Formation and growth of organic aerosols downwind of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17805, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048541.
C1 [Brock, Charles A.; Murphy, Daniel M.; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bahreini, Roya] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM charles.a.brock@noaa.gov
RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Murphy,
Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Middlebrook,
Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
FU NOAA
FX Thanks to J. de Gouw, T. Ryerson, S. McKeen and R. Ahmadov for helpful
comments on the paper. This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Change
and Air Quality Programs.
NR 12
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 9
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17805
DI 10.1029/2011GL048541
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 818WE
UT WOS:000294785800001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, YH
Seidel, DJ
AF Zhang, Yehui
Seidel, Dian J.
TI Challenges in estimating trends in Arctic surface-based inversions from
radiosonde data
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-ICE; TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WINTER; AMPLIFICATION
AB Because of potential connections between changes in the characteristics of surface-based inversions (SBIs) and other Arctic climate trends, and because of the availability of radiosonde observations from the 1950s to present, one might seek to investigate Arctic SBI trends using radiosonde data. However, changes in observational methods, particularly those affecting sounding vertical resolution, introduce artificial changes in radiosonde representations of SBIs that degrade trend estimates. SBI intensity and depth data are particularly sensitive to this problem, but frequency of SBI occurrence is more robust. Most previous investigations of Arctic SBI trends have erroneously neglected or dismissed this issue. Based on SBI data from the few Arctic stations with homogeneous records during 1990-2009, most trends are not statistically significant, and no clear patterns of SBI change emerge. Among the significant trends, we find SBI intensity trends are positively associated with SBI depth trends, but negatively correlated with the surface temperature trends. Citation: Zhang, Y., and D. J. Seidel (2011), Challenges in estimating trends in Arctic surface-based inversions from radiosonde data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17806, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048728.
C1 [Zhang, Yehui; Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Zhang, YH (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Yehui.Zhang@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory
FX We thank Geophysical Research Letters Editor Dr. Paul Williams and two
anonymous referees, who provided thorough and thoughtful reviews of this
paper, and Professor Uma Bhatt for providing data from Bourne et al.
[2010]. Chris Golaz, Steve Brooks and Bruce Baker (NOAA) provided
helpful comments on this study. This research was performed while Y.
Zhang held a National Research Council Research Associateship
Postdoctoral Award at NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory.
NR 18
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 9
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17806
DI 10.1029/2011GL048728
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 818WE
UT WOS:000294785800006
ER
PT J
AU Chelliah, M
Ebisuzaki, W
Weaver, S
Kumar, A
AF Chelliah, Muthuvel
Ebisuzaki, Wesley
Weaver, Scott
Kumar, Arun
TI Evaluating the tropospheric variability in National Centers for
Environmental Prediction's climate forecast system reanalysis
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; WIND STRESS; PROJECT;
ASSIMILATION; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; PACIFIC; ERA-40; JRA-25
AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) recently completed the latest, and partially coupled, atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model-based climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR) for the 1979 to current satellite era. In the reanalysis, the observed CO2 concentration and the volcanic aerosols were also prescribed. This paper provides an initial overview of the tropospheric variability in the CFSR by comparing it against available previous reanalyses. CFSR's monthly mean zonal and meridional component of wind U and V, temperature T, and geopotential height H at pressure levels up to 100 mb are compared against those of three other readily available reanalyses NCEP/R1, NCEP/R2 and ERA40 for the period from 1979 to 2008 (2002 for ERA40) and also against modern reanalyses such as JRA, MERRA, and C20. At any given time (analysis hour, day, or month), for the globe as a whole, CFSR analysis agrees reasonably well with the other reanalyses. The CFSR's new coupled model and assimilation system makes use of the recent advances in these areas and hence is possibly an improvement to NCEP's previous reanalyses R1 and R2, which are 15 and 10 years old, respectively. For these long-term climate variability measures the analysis indicates that the CFSR was generally the outlier, with much stronger easterly trades, cooler tropospheric temperatures, and lower geopotential heights during much of the earlier part of the analysis period (1979-similar to 1998). Consequently, real-time monitoring of many of the ENSO-related climate wind indices in the equatorial Pacific or the wind shear index in the tropical North Atlantic from CFSR may be problematic in the context of historical variability.
C1 [Chelliah, Muthuvel; Ebisuzaki, Wesley; Weaver, Scott; Kumar, Arun] NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Chelliah, M (reprint author), NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM muthuvel.chelliah@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 9
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D17107
DI 10.1029/2011JD015707
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819BO
UT WOS:000294800600003
ER
PT J
AU Masarie, KA
Petron, G
Andrews, A
Bruhwiler, L
Conway, TJ
Jacobson, AR
Miller, JB
Tans, PP
Worthy, DE
Peters, W
AF Masarie, K. A.
Petron, G.
Andrews, A.
Bruhwiler, L.
Conway, T. J.
Jacobson, A. R.
Miller, J. B.
Tans, P. P.
Worthy, D. E.
Peters, W.
TI Impact of CO2 measurement bias on CarbonTracker surface flux estimates
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TALL TOWER; MODEL TM5; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
INVERSIONS; SCALE; AIR
AB For over 20 years, atmospheric measurements of CO2 dry air mole fractions have been used to derive estimates of CO2 surface fluxes. Historically, only a few research laboratories made these measurements. Today, many laboratories are making CO2 observations using a variety of analysis techniques and, in some instances, using different calibration scales. As a result, the risk of biases in individual CO2 mole fraction records, or even in complete monitoring networks, has increased over the last decades. Ongoing experiments comparing independent, well-calibrated measurements of atmospheric CO2 show that biases can and do exist between measurement records. Biases in measurements create artificial spatial and temporal CO2 gradients, which are then interpreted by an inversion system, leading to erroneous flux estimates. Here we evaluate the impact of a constant bias introduced into the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) quasi-continuous measurement record at the Park Falls, Wisconsin (LEF), tall tower site on CarbonTracker flux estimates. We derive a linear relationship between the magnitude of the introduced bias at LEF and the CarbonTracker surface flux responses. Temperate North American net flux estimates are most sensitive to a bias at LEF in our CarbonTracker inversion, and its linear response rate is 68 Tg C yr(-1) (similar to 10% of the estimated North American annual terrestrial uptake) for every 1 ppm of bias in the LEF record. This sensitivity increases when (1) measurement biases approached assumed model errors and (2) fewer other measurement records are available to anchor the flux estimates despite the presence of bias in one record. Flux estimate errors are also calculated beyond North America. For example, biospheric uptake in Europe and boreal Eurasia combined increases by 25 Tg C yr(-1) per ppm CO2 to partially compensate for changes in the North American flux totals. These results illustrate the importance of well-calibrated, high-precision CO2 dry air mole fraction measurements, as well as the value of an effective strategy for detecting bias in measurements. This study stresses the need for a monitoring network with the necessary density to anchor regional, continental, and hemispheric fluxes more tightly and to lessen the impact of potentially undetected biases in observational networks operated by different national and international research programs.
C1 [Masarie, K. A.; Petron, G.; Andrews, A.; Bruhwiler, L.; Conway, T. J.; Jacobson, A. R.; Miller, J. B.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Petron, G.; Jacobson, A. R.; Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Worthy, D. E.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.
RP Masarie, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM kenneth.masarie@noaa.gov
RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012
OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070;
NR 31
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 9
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D17305
DI 10.1029/2011JD016270
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819BO
UT WOS:000294800600005
ER
PT J
AU de Souza, RA
Staub, U
Scagnoli, V
Garganourakis, M
Bodenthin, Y
Huang, SW
Garcia-Fernandez, M
Ji, S
Lee, SH
Park, S
Cheong, SW
AF de Souza, R. A.
Staub, U.
Scagnoli, V.
Garganourakis, M.
Bodenthin, Y.
Huang, S. -W.
Garcia-Fernandez, M.
Ji, S.
Lee, S. -H.
Park, S.
Cheong, S. -W.
TI Magnetic structure and electric field effects in multiferroic YMn2O5
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; POLARIZATION; FERROELECTRICITY;
DOMAINS
AB The magnetic structure of multiferroic RMn2O5 (R = Y, Er) has been investigated by means of resonant soft x-ray diffraction. Energy, temperature, and azimuthal angle scans were performed in addition to reciprocal space maps on the magnetic reflection in the different magnetic phases of YMn2O5. We also investigated the orbital magnetic moment at the oxygen K-edge for RMn2O5 with both, R = Y and R = Er compositions. These moments reflect the strong hybridization between Mn 3d and oxygen 2p states. Experiments with applied electric fields are additionally presented, showing that the helical component of the magnetic structure in the CM phase of YMn2O5 can be reversed by the application of an electric field. However, the incommensurate magnetic reflection in the high-temperature phase is unaffected. Interestingly, this is observed only in the presence of a small electrical current, indicative of a current-induced/-enhanced switching of magnetic domains.
C1 [de Souza, R. A.; Staub, U.; Scagnoli, V.; Garganourakis, M.; Bodenthin, Y.; Huang, S. -W.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Garcia-Fernandez, M.] Univ Fribourg, Inst Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
[Ji, S.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Park, S.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Park, S.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
RP de Souza, RA (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
RI Garcia-Fernandez, Mirian/B-6018-2013; scagnoli, valerio/C-6833-2008;
Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010
OI scagnoli, valerio/0000-0002-8116-8870; Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; NCCR MaNEP; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46382];
US NSF [DMR-0903977]
FX We have benefited from the experimental support of the X11MA beamline
staff. Financial support of the Swiss National Science Foundation and
its NCCR MaNEP is gratefully acknowledged. Work at Rutgers was supported
by DOE DE-FG02-07ER46382 and work at UVA was supported by the US NSF
under Agreement No. DMR-0903977
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 41
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 9
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 10
AR 104416
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.104416
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 818SB
UT WOS:000294774300006
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SK
Park, W
van Sebille, E
Baringer, MO
Wang, CZ
Enfield, DB
Yeager, SG
Kirtman, BP
AF Lee, Sang-Ki
Park, Wonsun
van Sebille, Erik
Baringer, Molly O.
Wang, Chunzai
Enfield, David B.
Yeager, Stephen G.
Kirtman, Ben P.
TI What caused the significant increase in Atlantic Ocean heat content
since the mid-20th century?
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
CLIMATE-CHANGE; AGULHAS LEAKAGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WORLDS OCEANS;
TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY
AB As the upper layer of the world ocean warms gradually during the 20th century, the inter-ocean heat transport from the Indian to Atlantic basin should be enhanced, and the Atlantic Ocean should therefore gain extra heat due to the increased upper ocean temperature of the inflow via the Agulhas leakage. Consistent with this hypothesis, instrumental records indicate that the Atlantic Ocean has warmed substantially more than any other ocean basin since the mid-20th century. A surface-forced global ocean-ice coupled model is used to test this hypothesis and to find that the observed warming trend of the Atlantic Ocean since the 1950s is largely due to an increase in the inter-ocean heat transport from the Indian Ocean. Further analysis reveals that the increased inter-ocean heat transport is not only caused by the increased upper ocean temperature of the inflow but also, and more strongly, by the increased Agulhas Current leakage, which is augmented by the strengthening of the wind stress curl over the South Atlantic and Indian subtropical gyre. Citation: Lee, S.-K., W. Park, E. van Sebille, M. O. Baringer, C. Wang, D. B. Enfield, S. G. Yeager, and B. P. Kirtman (2011), What caused the significant increase in Atlantic Ocean heat content since the mid-20th century?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17607, doi: 10.1029/2011GL048856.
C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
[Lee, Sang-Ki; Baringer, Molly O.; Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Park, Wonsun] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, IFM GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
[van Sebille, Erik; Kirtman, Ben P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Yeager, Stephen G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA.
EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov
RI van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Park,
Wonsun/J-8097-2012; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai
/C-9712-2009; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012
OI van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545;
Park, Wonsun/0000-0002-6345-8428; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079;
Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194
FU National Science Foundation [0850897]
FX We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful
comments and suggestions, which led to a significant improvement of the
paper. This study was motivated and benefited from the AMOC discussion
group of the research community at UM/RSMAS and NOAA/AOML. We wish to
thank Igor Kamenkovich and all the participants who led the AMOC
discussion group during the past year. We also acknowledge helpful
suggestions from Ping Chang and Greg Foltz. This work is supported by
the National Science Foundation (grant 0850897).
NR 26
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 8
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17607
DI 10.1029/2011GL048856
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 818WC
UT WOS:000294785600007
ER
PT J
AU Matrosov, SY
AF Matrosov, Sergey Y.
TI Feasibility of using radar differential Doppler velocity and
dual-frequency ratio for sizing particles in thick ice clouds
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUID WATER-CONTENT; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; WAVELENGTH RADAR;
REFLECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; X-BAND; SIZE; RETRIEVAL;
CRYSTALS; LIDAR
AB Measurements from ground-based collocated K-a- and W-band vertically pointing Doppler radars were used to evaluate the differential Doppler velocity (DDV) approach for retrieving a size parameter of the aggregate particle distributions in ice clouds. This approach was compared to a more traditional method based on the dual-frequency reflectivity ratio (DFR) using case study observations in different clouds. Because of measurement errors and other uncertainties, meaningful DDV-based retrievals were generally available for the size slope parameter interval of 9 cm(-1) < Lambda < 25 cm(-1). The DFR were generally available for particle populations with Lambda up to about 45 cm(-1). Expected retrieval errors in the Lambda interval between 9 cm(-1) and 25 cm(-1) were about 40% for the DFR-based estimates and about a factor of 2 larger for the DDV method. Errors increase for noisier measurements. Comparisons of the DDV- and DFR- inferred values of Lambda when both retrievals were available revealed their general consistency with a relative standard deviation between results being within retrieval uncertainties. While the DFR approach appears to be more accurate, it requires a 0 dB constraint near cloud tops, which mitigates uncertainties in absolute radar calibrations and differing attenuation paths. The DDV approach generally does not require such a constraint if radar beams are perfectly aligned in vertical (which might not be exactly a case during some observations). Given this, DDV measurements may potentially allow ice particle sizing in situations when DFR constraining is not effective or available (e.g., in precipitating clouds and in clouds with substantial amounts of supercooled water).
C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Sciences Division
FX Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program
sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Sciences Division.
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 8
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D17202
DI 10.1029/2011JD015857
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819BM
UT WOS:000294800400001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CP
Luo, ZJ
Huang, XL
AF Wang, Chunpeng
Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny
Huang, Xianglei
TI Parallax correction in collocating CloudSat and Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations: Method and application
to convection study
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MISSION
AB Parallax is associated with an apparent shift of the position of an object when viewed from different angles. For satellite observations, especially observations with clouds, it affects collocation of measurements from different platforms. In this study, we investigate how the parallax problem affects the collocation of CloudSat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations of tropical convective clouds by examining the impact of parallax correction on statistics of convective cloud properties such as cloud top temperature (CTT) and buoyancy. Previous studies circumvented the parallax problem by imposing a "flat-top" condition on the selection of convective clouds, but it inadvertently biases the statistics toward convections at mature or dissipating stages when convective plumes cease to grow but flatten out to form cirrus anvils. The main findings of this study are the following: (1) Parallax correction reduces CTT of convective clouds; the magnitude of the reduction increases with cloud top height (CTH). (2) Parallax correction also reduces the spread of CTT estimates, making it more closely clustered around the corresponding CTH. (3) The fraction of convection with positive buoyancy decreases after the parallax correction. All these changes that are due to parallax correction are most pronounced for convections above 10-12 km, highlighting the importance of parallax correction in satellite-based study of deep convection. With parallax correction applied, we further examine the contrast in convective cloud buoyancy between land and ocean and day and night and the dependence on convective cloud size; results are consistent with our general understanding of tropical convection.
C1 [Wang, Chunpeng; Huang, Xianglei] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
RP Wang, CP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM xianglei@umich.edu
RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011
OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X
FU NASA [NNX09AJ46G]; NASA CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team [NNX10AM31G]
FX We wish to thank W.-K. Tao and X. Zeng at NASA GSFC for helpful
discussions and feedback. We also thank two reviewers for their useful
comments and suggestions. The CloudSat data were obtained from the
CloudSat Data Processing Center. The MODIS data were obtained from NASA
Goddard DISC. The ECMWF interim data used in this study were obtained
from http://data.ecmwf.int/data/. This research is supported by the NASA
MAP project under grant NNX09AJ46G awarded to the University of Michigan
and the NASA CloudSat/CALIPSO Science Team under grant NNX10AM31G
awarded to the City University of New York (CUNY).
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD SEP 8
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D17201
DI 10.1029/2011JD016097
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 819BM
UT WOS:000294800400002
ER
PT J
AU Blakestad, RB
Ospelkaus, C
VanDevender, AP
Wesenberg, JH
Biercuk, MJ
Leibfried, D
Wineland, DJ
AF Blakestad, R. B.
Ospelkaus, C.
VanDevender, A. P.
Wesenberg, J. H.
Biercuk, M. J.
Leibfried, D.
Wineland, D. J.
TI Near-ground-state transport of trapped-ion qubits through a
multidimensional array
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM COMPUTER; ATOMIC IONS; PAUL TRAP; MANIPULATION; ARCHITECTURE;
SEPARATION
AB We have demonstrated transport of (9)Be(+) ions through a two-dimensional Paul-trap array that incorporates an X junction, while maintaining the ions near the motional ground state of the confining potential well. We expand on the first report of the experiment in Blakestad et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 153002 ( 2009)], including a detailed discussion of how the transport potentials were calculated. Two main mechanisms that caused motional excitation during transport are explained, along with the methods used to mitigate such excitation. We reduced the motional excitation below the results in the above reference by a factor of approximately 50. The effect of a mu-metal shield on qubit coherence is also reported. Finally, we examined a method for exchanging energy between multiple motional modes on the few-quanta level, which could be useful for cooling motional modes without directly accessing the modes with lasers. These results establish how trapped ions can be transported in a large-scale quantum processor with high fidelity.
C1 [Blakestad, R. B.; Ospelkaus, C.; VanDevender, A. P.; Wesenberg, J. H.; Biercuk, M. J.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Blakestad, RB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009; Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010
OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936;
FU IARPA; ONR; NSA; NIST
FX We thank J. M. Amini, K. R. Brown, and J. Britton for contributions to
the apparatus and R. Bowler and J. P. Gaebler for comments on the
manuscript. This work was supported by IARPA, ONR, NSA, and the NIST
Quantum Information program.
NR 41
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 8
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 032314
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.032314
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 818QX
UT WOS:000294770800010
ER
PT J
AU Gorshkov, AV
Manmana, SR
Chen, G
Ye, J
Demler, E
Lukin, MD
Rey, AM
AF Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Manmana, Salvatore R.
Chen, Gang
Ye, Jun
Demler, Eugene
Lukin, Mikhail D.
Rey, Ana Maria
TI Tunable Superfluidity and Quantum Magnetism with Ultracold Polar
Molecules
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID T-J MODEL; MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; MOTT INSULATOR;
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
AB By selecting two dressed rotational states of ultracold polar molecules in an optical lattice, we obtain a highly tunable generalization of the t-J model, which we refer to as the t-J-V-W model. In addition to XXZ spin exchange, the model features density-density interactions and density-spin interactions; all interactions are dipolar. We show that full control of all interaction parameters in both magnitude and sign can be achieved independently of each other and of the tunneling. As a first step towards demonstrating the potential of the system, we apply the density matrix renormalization group method to obtain the 1D phase diagram of the simplest experimentally realizable case. Specifically, we show that the tunability and the long-range nature of the interactions in the t-J-V-W model enable enhanced superfluidity. Finally, we show that Bloch oscillations in a tilted lattice can be used to probe the phase diagram experimentally.
C1 [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Manmana, Salvatore R.; Chen, Gang; Ye, Jun; Rey, Ana Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Manmana, Salvatore R.; Chen, Gang; Ye, Jun; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Demler, Eugene; Lukin, Mikhail D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Gorshkov, Alexey V.; Demler, Eugene; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Gorshkov, AV (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Manmana, Salvatore
/C-9822-2011
OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Manmana, Salvatore
/0000-0002-4070-0576
FU NSF; NIST; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; ARO; DARPA-OLE; CUA; AFOSR MURI
FX We thank A. Muramatsu, M. Troyer, A. Moreno, D. Jin, G. Refael, J.
Aldegunde, P. Julienne, M. Babadi, I. Bloch, P. Rabl, G. Quemener, A.
Potter, B. Wunsch, P. Zoller, S. Pielawa, E. Berg, A. Daley, F. Mila, R.
Noack, and H. Weimer for discussions. This work was supported by the
NSF, NIST, the Lee A. DuBridge Foundation, the ARO with funding from
DARPA-OLE, CUA, and AFOSR MURI. We acknowledge CPU time at ARSC.
NR 46
TC 116
Z9 116
U1 3
U2 14
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 8
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 11
AR 115301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.115301
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 818VF
UT WOS:000294783200020
PM 22026682
ER
PT J
AU Kruk, I
Zajdel, P
van Beek, W
Bakaimi, I
Lappas, A
Stock, C
Green, MA
AF Kruk, Izabela
Zajdel, Pawel
van Beek, Wouter
Bakaimi, Ioanna
Lappas, Alexandros
Stock, Chris
Green, Mark A.
TI Coupled Commensurate Cation and Charge Modulation in the Tunneled
Structure, Na(0.40(2))Mno(2)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFRACTION; MANGANATES; ELECTRODE; SPIN
AB Na0.40(2)MnO2 belongs to a family of mixed Mn3+ and Mn4+ porous oxides that contains both octahedral and square pyramidal Mn-o units. Neutron and synchrotron radiation studies identify the presence of both sodium ordering (T-Na approximate to 310 K) and Mn charge and orbital ordering. Below T-Na, the centrosymmetric Pbam structure adopts an (a b 4c) supercell of Pnnm symmetry that accommodates a coupled commensurate modulation down the c-axis channels of both Na position and occupancy with Mn valence.
C1 [Kruk, Izabela; Stock, Chris; Green, Mark A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kruk, Izabela] UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, London WC1H 0AJ, England.
[Zajdel, Pawel] Univ Silesia, Dept Phys Crystals, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
[van Beek, Wouter] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
[van Beek, Wouter] Univ Piemonte Orientale & NanoSistemi IC, Dipartamento Sci & Technol Avanzate, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy.
[Bakaimi, Ioanna; Lappas, Alexandros] FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece.
[Bakaimi, Ioanna] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece.
[Stock, Chris] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Green, Mark A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Green, MA (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mark.green@nist.gov
RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013; Lappas, Alexandros/F-6771-2011
OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866;
NR 24
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD SEP 7
PY 2011
VL 133
IS 35
BP 13950
EP 13956
DI 10.1021/ja109707q
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 824ZT
UT WOS:000295241400048
PM 21800890
ER
PT J
AU Grunseich, G
Subrahmanyam, B
Arguez, A
AF Grunseich, Gary
Subrahmanyam, Bulusu
Arguez, Anthony
TI Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on sea surface salinity in
the Indian Ocean
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENSO; PREDICTION; PACIFIC
AB Using satellite measurements of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) influence on Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) across the Indian Ocean is examined. The SSS pattern during different stages of the MJO propagation across the Indian Ocean are analyzed conditioned on season and phase of the El Nino - Southern Oscillation. The processes through which the SSS patterns develop depend upon anomalous atmospheric conditions and oceanic processes during the different stages of the MJO. The combinations of anomalous conditions during each stage of the MJO with seasonal and long-term climate variations create different responses in SSS. The SSS variability during the MJO may produce numerous indirect feedbacks, which are the result of SSS altering the depth of the Barrier Layer (BL) and mixed layer. Satellite salinity measurements will enhance our knowledge of the SSS variability during different stages of the MJO propagation. Citation: Grunseich, G., B. Subrahmanyam, and A. Arguez (2011), Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on sea surface salinity in the Indian Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17605, doi:10.1029/2011GL049047.
C1 [Grunseich, Gary; Subrahmanyam, Bulusu] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Arguez, Anthony] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
RP Grunseich, G (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM ggrunseich@geol.sc.edu
FU South Carolina Space Grant Consortium
FX We thank Benjamin Giese for making available the Simple Ocean Data
Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis. Interpolated OLR data provided by the
NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Gary Grunseich is supported in part by a
South Carolina Space Grant Consortium Graduate Fellowship.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 7
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17605
DI 10.1029/2011GL049047
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 818WB
UT WOS:000294785500014
ER
PT J
AU Verdal, N
Udovic, TJ
Rush, JJ
Stavila, V
Wu, H
Zhou, W
Jenkins, T
AF Verdal, Nina
Udovic, Terrence J.
Rush, John J.
Stavila, Vitalie
Wu, Hui
Zhou, Wei
Jenkins, Timothy
TI Low-temperature tunneling and rotational dynamics of the ammonium
cations in (NH4)(2)B12H12
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DODECAHYDRO-CLOSO-DODECABORATE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPECTROMETER;
SOLIDS; NH4+; NIST
AB Low-temperature neutron scattering spectra of diammonium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate [(NH4)(2)B12H12] reveal two NH4+ rotational tunneling peaks (e. g., 18.5 mu eV and 37 mu eV at 4 K), consistent with the tetrahedral symmetry and environment of the cations. The tunneling peaks persist between 4 K and 40 K. An estimate was made for the tunnel splitting of the first NH4+ librational state from a fit of the observed ground-state tunnel splitting as a function of temperature. At temperatures of 50 K-70 K, classical neutron quasi-elastic scattering appears to dominate the spectra and is attributed to NH4+ cation jump reorientation about the four C-3 axes defined by the N-H bonds. A reorientational activation energy of 8.1 +/- 0.6 meV (0.79 +/- 0.06 kJ/mol) is determined from the behavior of the quasi-elastic linewidths in this temperature regime. This activation energy is in accord with a change in NH4+ dynamical behavior above 70 K. A low-temperature inelastic neutron scattering feature at 7.8 meV is assigned to a NH4+ librational mode. At increased temperatures, this feature drops in intensity, having shifted entirely to higher energies by 200 K, suggesting the onset of quasi-free NH4+ rotation. This is consistent with neutron-diffraction-based model refinements, which derive very large thermal ellipsoids for the ammonium-ion hydrogen atoms at room temperature in the direction of reorientation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3624495]
C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.; Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei; Jenkins, Timothy] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rush, John J.; Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Stavila, Vitalie/B-6464-2008
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Stavila,
Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; (U.S.) Department of Energy
(DOE) within the EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors thank Dr. Matthew R. Hudson for his assistance with data
collection. This work utilized facilities partially supported by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. This work
was also partially supported by the (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE)
through Award Nos. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and DE-AC04-94AL85000 within the
EERE-supported Metal Hydride Center of Excellence.
NR 39
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 7
PY 2011
VL 135
IS 9
AR 094501
DI 10.1063/1.3624495
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 817IP
UT WOS:000294665700025
PM 21913769
ER
PT J
AU Smolyanitsky, A
Tewary, VK
AF Smolyanitsky, A.
Tewary, V. K.
TI Atomistic simulation of a graphene-nanoribbon-metal interconnect
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON; NI(111)
AB We report a molecular statics simulation of the physical processes responsible for binding and lattice distortions in a nanoscale electrical interconnect with realistic boundary conditions. The interconnect consists of a graphene ribbon interfaced with the (111) crystallographic surfaces (over 11 000 atoms overall) of two nickel electrodes. We quantify the graphene lattice distortions by mapping strains, as well as out-of-plane atomic displacements on a grid, throughout the simulated interconnect. The results suggest strongly localized graphene lattice distortions at the edges and strains that do not exceed 0.5% elsewhere. Such strains are not expected to affect the electrical properties of the graphene nanoribbon interconnect. A stand-alone graphene nanoribbon is simulated in order to identify the effect of electrodes partially supporting the graphene nanoribbon. Our results indicate that the electrodes reduce the in-plane strains induced by the nanoribbon edges, while causing rippling of the graphene lattice. The average graphene-nickel intersurface separation and the cohesive energy for the top-fcc configuration are calculated at similar to 2.13 angstrom and 68 : 22 meV angstrom(-2). In order to describe the interatomic interactions in the simulation, we utilize a set of accurate atomistic potentials for graphene on a nickel surface. The approach is based on the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) for the C-C and Ni-Ni interactions, and a Morse-type potential, which takes the surface configuration into account, for the Ni-C interactions. Our focus is on the Ni-(111) crystallographic surface interfaced with graphene in top-fcc, top-hcp, and hcp-fcc initial configurations. The interactions were validated by calculating the equilibrium binding energy and intersurface distance. The resulting binding energies and equilibrium intersurface separations obtained are in very good agreement with previous experimental and ab initio data obtained by use of density functional theory (DFT).
C1 [Smolyanitsky, A.; Tewary, V. K.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov
FU National Research Council
FX The authors thank the National Research Council for supporting this
work.
NR 30
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 32
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD SEP 7
PY 2011
VL 23
IS 35
AR 355006
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/35/355006
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 809MU
UT WOS:000294061900006
PM 21836321
ER
PT J
AU Hazzard, KRA
Gorshkov, AV
Rey, AM
AF Hazzard, Kaden R. A.
Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Rey, Ana Maria
TI Spectroscopy of dipolar fermions in layered two-dimensional and
three-dimensional lattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR-MOLECULES; GAS; SHIFTS; CLOCK
AB Motivated by ongoing measurements at JILA, we calculate the recoil-free spectra of dipolar interacting fermions, for example ultracold heteronuclear molecules, in a one-dimensional lattice of two-dimensional layers or "pancakes," spectroscopically probing transitions between different internal (e.g., rotational) states. We additionally incorporate p-wave interactions and losses, which are important for reactive molecules such as KRb. Moreover, we consider other sources of spectral broadening: interaction-induced quasiparticle lifetimes and the different polarizabilities of the rotational states used for the spectroscopy. Although our main focus is molecules, some of the calculations are also useful for optical lattice atomic clocks. For example, understanding the p-wave shifts between identical fermions and small dipolar interactions coming from the excited clock state is necessary to reach future precision goals. Finally, we consider the spectra in a deep three-dimensional lattice and show how they give a great deal of information about static correlation functions, including all the moments of the density correlations between nearby sites. The range of correlations measurable depends on spectroscopic resolution and the dipole moment.
C1 [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Gorshkov, Alexey V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Hazzard, KRA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kaden.hazzard@colorado.edu
RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008
OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421
FU NSF [PFC, PIF-0904017, PHY-0803371]; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE
FX We thank Jun Ye, Debbie Jin, Salvatore Manmana, Michael Foss-Feig, Erich
Mueller, John Bohn, Goulven Quemener, and the molecule experiment group
at JILA for numerous discussions. K.R.A.H. and A.M.R. were supported by
grants from the NSF (PFC and PIF-0904017), the AFOSR, and a grant from
the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE. A.V.G. was supported by the Lee
A. DuBridge Fellowship and a grant from the NSF (PHY-0803371).
NR 59
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP 6
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 3
AR 033608
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.033608
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 815XV
UT WOS:000294564200016
ER
PT J
AU Siritanon, T
Li, J
Stalick, JK
Macaluso, RT
Sleight, AW
Subramanian, MA
AF Siritanon, Theeranun
Li, Jun
Stalick, Judith K.
Macaluso, Robin T.
Sleight, Arthur W.
Subramanian, M. A.
TI CsTe2O6-x: Novel Mixed-Valence Tellurium Oxides with Framework-Deficient
Pyrochlore-Related Structure
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RB
AB Structures of CsTe2O6-x phases were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction. Stoichiometric CsTe2O6 is a mixed-valence Cs2Te4+Te36+O12 compound with a rhombohedral pyrochlore-type structure where there is complete order of Te4+ and Te6+. On heating, this compound develops significant electrical conductivity. As CsTe2O6 becomes oxygen deficient above 600 degrees C, the rhombohedral pyrochlore-type structure is replaced by a cubic pyrochlore-type structure with disordered Te4+/Te6+ and oxygen vacancies. However, for CsTe2O6-x phases prepared at 500 degrees C, the observed pyrochlore-type structure has orthorhombic symmetry. The Te4+ and O vacancies are all on chains running along the b axis, and the maximum value of x observed is about 0.3. At still higher values of x a new compound was discovered with a structure related to that reported for Rb4Te34+Te56+O23.
C1 [Siritanon, Theeranun; Li, Jun; Sleight, Arthur W.; Subramanian, M. A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Stalick, Judith K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Macaluso, Robin T.] Univ No Colorado, Sch Chem & Biochem, Greeley, CO 80639 USA.
RP Subramanian, MA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM mas.subramanian@oregonstate.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU NSF [DMR 0804167]
FX This work was supported by NSF grant DMR 0804167. We thank Dr. Lev
Zakharov for help with single-crystal work and Dr. Janet Tate for
optical data. Identification of any commercial product or trade name
does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute
of Standards and Technology.
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD SEP 5
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 17
BP 8494
EP 8501
DI 10.1021/ic2010375
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 811UX
UT WOS:000294242700073
PM 21793494
ER
PT J
AU Halkides, DJ
Lucas, LE
Waliser, DE
Lee, T
Murtugudde, R
AF Halkides, D. J.
Lucas, Lisanne E.
Waliser, Duane E.
Lee, Tong
Murtugudde, Raghu
TI Mechanisms controlling mixed-layer temperature variability in the
eastern tropical Pacific on the intraseasonal timescale
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; OCEAN GCM; EL-NINO; MODEL; OSCILLATION; BALANCE;
CYCLE
AB The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a prominent mode of intraseasonal (similar to 35-95 day) variability in the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Its impacts on ocean mixed-layer temperatures (MLT) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETPO) are not well-understood. A previous study of mooring data at (110 degrees W, EQ) implies vertical advection forced by MJO-generated Kelvin waves is important to ETPO intraseasonal MLT; another, based on model output over (120-100 degrees W, 3 degrees S-3 degrees N), indicates meridional advection dominates. We analyze an ocean state estimate at (110 degrees W, EQ) and find combined subsurface processes, including a notable vertical advection component like that expected from MJO-forced Kelvin waves, dominate. However, when averaged over (120-100 degrees W, 3 degrees S-3 degrees N), subsurface processes and horizontal advection are both important, and effects of thermocline forcing (e. g., Kelvin waves) are small compared to those by local wind driven mixing and horizontal advection. The results highlight the importance of understanding regional physics on different spatial scales. Citation: Halkides, D. J., L. E. Lucas, D. E. Waliser, T. Lee, and R. Murtugudde (2011), Mechanisms controlling mixed-layer temperature variability in the eastern tropical Pacific on the intraseasonal timescale, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17602, doi:10.1029/2011GL048545.
C1 [Halkides, D. J.; Waliser, Duane E.; Lee, Tong] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Lucas, Lisanne E.] NOAA, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Halkides, D. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Murtugudde, Raghu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Halkides, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM halkides@jpl.nasa.gov
FU NASA; PO.DAAC; Divecha Center for Climate Change at IISc, Bangalore
FX Research conducted at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, in contract with NASA. Support by PO.DAAC
(http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov), NASA PO grants and the Divecha Center for
Climate Change at IISc, Bangalore, is acknowledged.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 2
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17602
DI 10.1029/2011GL048545
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 816QB
UT WOS:000294616100002
ER
PT J
AU Juranek, LW
Feely, RA
Gilbert, D
Freeland, H
Miller, LA
AF Juranek, L. W.
Feely, R. A.
Gilbert, D.
Freeland, H.
Miller, L. A.
TI Real-time estimation of pH and aragonite saturation state from Argo
profiling floats: Prospects for an autonomous carbon observing strategy
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEAWATER PH; OXYGEN; DISSOCIATION; EQUILIBRIUM;
CONSTANTS; EQUATIONS
AB We demonstrate the ability to obtain accurate estimates of pH and carbonate mineral saturation state (Omega) from an Argo profiling float in the NE subarctic Pacific. Using hydrographic surveys of the NE Pacific region, we develop empirical algorithms to predict pH and Omega using observations of temperature (T) and dissolved O-2. We attain R-2 values greater than 0.98 and RMS errors of 0.018 (pH), 0.052 (Omega(arag)), and 0.087 (Omega(calc)) for data between 30-500 m, sigma(theta) < 27.1. After calibrating optode-based O-2 data, we apply the algorithms to T and O-2 data from an Argo profiling float to produce a 14 month time-series of estimated pH and Omega(arag) in the upper water column of the NE subarctic Pacific. Comparison to independent data collected nearby in 2010 indicates pH and Omega(arag) estimates are robust. Although the method will not allow detection of anthropogenic trends in pH or Omega(arag), this approach will provide insight into natural variability and the key biogeochemical controls on these parameters. Most importantly, this work demonstrates that an assemblage of well-calibrated regional algorithms and Argo float data can be used as a low-cost, readily-deployable component of a global ocean carbon observing strategy. Citation: Juranek, L. W., R. A. Feely, D. Gilbert, H. Freeland, and L. A. Miller (2011), Real-time estimation of pH and aragonite saturation state from Argo profiling floats: Prospects for an autonomous carbon observing strategy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17603, doi:10.1029/2011GL048580.
C1 [Juranek, L. W.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Freeland, H.; Miller, L. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
[Gilbert, D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada.
[Juranek, L. W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Juranek, LW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM laurie.juranek@noaa.gov
RI Gilbert, Denis/A-3067-2010
OI Gilbert, Denis/0000-0002-9554-9594
FU NOAA; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
under NOAA [NA10OAR4320148, 1873]
FX Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International
Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it
(http://www.argo.ucsd.edu and http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo
Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. We thank the
captain and crew of the CCGS John P. Tully, M. Robert, M. Davelaar, N.
Nemcek, and all the scientists involved with the Line P program. We
thank G. Johnson for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the
NOAA Global Carbon Cycle and Ocean Acidification Programs and is PMEL
contribution 3725. This publication is partially funded by the Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA
Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 1873.
NR 26
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD SEP 2
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L17603
DI 10.1029/2011GL048580
PG 7
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 816QB
UT WOS:000294616100003
ER
PT J
AU Montes-Hugo, MA
Weidemann, A
Gould, R
Arnone, R
Churnside, JH
Jaroz, E
AF Montes-Hugo, Martin A.
Weidemann, Alan
Gould, Richard
Arnone, Robert
Churnside, James H.
Jaroz, Ewa
TI Ocean color patterns help to predict depth of optical layers in
stratified coastal waters
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean color; vertical structure; coastal waters; remote sensing
reflectance; spatial statistics; thin layers
ID SCATTERING LAYERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION
AB Subsurface optical layers distributed at two different depths were investigated in Monterrey Bay, East Sound, and the Black Sea based on spatial statistics of remote sensing reflectance (R-rs). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of R-rs(443)/R-rs(490) (hereafter R1) skewness (psi) as an indicator of vertical optical structure in different marine regions. Measurements of inherent optical properties were obtained using a remotely operated towed vehicle and R1 was theoretically derived from optical profiles. Although the broad range of trophic status and water stratification, a common statistical pattern consisting of lower psi R1-a deeper optical layer was found in all study cases. This variation was attributed to optical changes above the opticline and related to horizontal variability of particulates and spectral variations with depth. We recommend more comparisons in stratified coastal waters with different phytoplankton communities before the use of psi R1 can be generalized as a noninvasive optical proxy for screening depth changes on subsurface optical layers. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.3634055]
C1 [Montes-Hugo, Martin A.] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Starkville, MS 39529 USA.
[Weidemann, Alan; Gould, Richard; Arnone, Robert; Jaroz, Ewa] USN, NASA, Stennis Space Ctr, Res Lab, Hancock, MS 39529 USA.
[Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Montes-Hugo, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Starkville, MS 39529 USA.
EM mmontes@gri.msstate.edu; alan.weidemann@nrlssc.navy.mil;
Rick.Gould@nrlssc.navy.mil; Bob.Arnone@nrlssc.navy.mil;
James.H.Churnside@noaa.gov; ewa.jarosz@nrlssc.navy.mil
RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NRL [PE0601153N]
FX We appreciate the valuable scientific comments given by Dr. Emmanuel
Boss that helped to improve the original manuscript version. This work
was supported by the NRL internal project "3D Remote Sensing with a
Multiple-Band Active and Passive System: Theoretical Basis," PE0601153N.
NR 12
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 21
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD SEP 2
PY 2011
VL 5
AR 053548
DI 10.1117/1.3634055
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 820IK
UT WOS:000294898700001
ER
PT J
AU Clausen, LBN
Baker, JBH
Ruohoniemi, JM
Singer, HJ
AF Clausen, L. B. N.
Baker, J. B. H.
Ruohoniemi, J. M.
Singer, H. J.
TI ULF wave characteristics at geosynchronous orbit during the recovery
phase of geomagnetic storms associated with strong electron acceleration
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION; RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS;
MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRAPPED PARTICLES; SOLAR-WIND; PULSATIONS;
MAGNETOSPHERE; MICROPULSATIONS; ORIGIN
AB We identified 17 geomagnetic storms between January 2007 and December 2008. Using particle measurements, each storm is classified as a high-flux event or a low-flux event. High-flux events are those storms associated with enhanced flux of relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit, and low-flux events show no such enhancement. We study the characteristics of ultralow frequency waves between 0 and 80 mHz during the recovery phase of the high-flux storms using magnetic field data. By determining the wave propagation direction and magnetic perturbation direction, we are able to calculate how the power is distributed between toroidal, poloidal, and compressional wave modes. We find that on the nightside most wave power is compressional at all frequencies below 80 mHz. On the dayside compressional wave power dominates the lowest frequencies below 20 mHz; toroidal waves carry most energy between 20 and 50 mHz, and poloidal waves are associated with higher power levels between 50 and 80 mHz. This suggests that on the nightside electrons are predominantly transported and energized by mechanisms involving the compressional wave mode; on the dayside, electron energization is achieved by acceleration mechanisms involving toroidal waves and mechanisms dependent on poloidal and compressional waves.
C1 [Clausen, L. B. N.; Baker, J. B. H.; Ruohoniemi, J. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Clausen, LBN (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM lasse.clausen@vt.edu
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0924919, ATM-0849031]
FX L.B.N.C. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation under
grant ATM-0924919. J.B.H.B. and J.M.R. acknowledge the support of the
NSF under grant ATM-0849031.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD SEP 2
PY 2011
VL 116
AR A09203
DI 10.1029/2011JA016666
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 816SJ
UT WOS:000294622100002
ER
PT J
AU Demidov, VE
Urazhdin, S
Edwards, ERJ
Stiles, MD
McMichael, RD
Demokritov, SO
AF Demidov, V. E.
Urazhdin, S.
Edwards, E. R. J.
Stiles, M. D.
McMichael, R. D.
Demokritov, S. O.
TI Control of Magnetic Fluctuations by Spin Current
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFER TORQUES; DRIVEN; MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCHANGE; EMISSION
AB We use microfocus Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy to study the interaction of spin current with magnetic fluctuations in a Permalloy microdisk located on top of a Pt strip carrying an electric current. We show that the fluctuations can be efficiently suppressed or enhanced by different directions of the electric current. Additionally, we find that the effect of spin current on magnetic fluctuations is strongly influenced by nonlinear magnon-magnon interactions. The observed phenomena can be used for controllable reduction of thermal noise in spintronic nanodevices.
C1 [Demidov, V. E.; Edwards, E. R. J.; Demokritov, S. O.] Univ Munster, Inst Appl Phys, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
[Demidov, V. E.; Edwards, E. R. J.; Demokritov, S. O.] Univ Munster, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
[Urazhdin, S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Stiles, M. D.; McMichael, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Demidov, VE (reprint author), Univ Munster, Inst Appl Phys, Corrensstr 2-4, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
EM demidov@uni-muenster.de
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles,
Mark/K-2426-2012; Demokritov, Sergej/C-4347-2013;
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; Demokritov,
Sergej/0000-0003-4422-4201; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Project Master [NMP-FP7
212257]; NSF [DMR-0747609, ECCS-0967195]; Research Corporation
FX We acknowledge support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the
European Project Master (No. NMP-FP7 212257), NSF Grants No. DMR-0747609
and No. ECCS-0967195, and the Research Corporation.
NR 27
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 3
U2 38
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 2
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 10
AR 107204
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.107204
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 814RL
UT WOS:000294474700009
PM 21981525
ER
PT J
AU Cohen, CS
McCann, L
Davis, T
Shaw, L
Ruiz, G
AF Cohen, C. Sarah
McCann, Linda
Davis, Tammy
Shaw, Linda
Ruiz, Gregory
TI Discovery and significance of the colonial tunicate Didemnum vexillum in
Alaska
SO AQUATIC INVASIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Didemnum vexillum; ascidian; nonindigenous species; genetic species
identification; citizen science; aquaculture; multilocus
ID HABITAT; CALIFORNIA; INVASIONS
AB The colonial tunicate, Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002, has a history of invading and overgrowing marine communities in temperate waters worldwide. The species can colonize and dominate remarkably large areas of benthic habitat, including coastal bays and outer coastal areas, causing concerns about potential long-term effects on community structure, critical habitats, and fisheries resources. We report here the confirmed occurrence of D. vexillum in Alaska, representing a dramatic 1000 km northward extension of this non-native species along the western coast of North America. The species was detected as part of a " bioblitz", engaging citizen scientists to survey local biota and detect non-native marine species incursions. Following detection, the identity of D. vexillum was confirmed with robust genetic methods, and morphological characters were also consistent with previous species descriptions. Although invasions have been relatively rare in Alaskan waters to date, it is now clear that D. vexillum is established in at least one site (Whiting Harbor) near Sitka, Alaska. Given the explosive growth and spread of this species in other global regions, and its potential for significant impacts across diverse habitats in Alaska, current efforts are underway to evaluate its distribution and options to eradicate or control the species.
C1 [Cohen, C. Sarah] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[Cohen, C. Sarah] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[McCann, Linda] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
[Davis, Tammy] Invas Species Program, Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
[Shaw, Linda] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Habitat Conservat Div, Juneau, AK 99802 USA.
[Ruiz, Gregory] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA.
RP Cohen, CS (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr, 3150 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
EM sarahcoh@rtc.sfsu.edu; mccannl@si.edu; tammy.davis@alaska.gov;
Linda.Shaw@noaa.gov; ruizg@si.edu
OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X
FU Alaska Department of Fish and Game, San Francisco State University, and
the Smithsonian Institution
FX We thank many people who helped in this research. Marnie Chapman and
Heather Woody assisted tirelessly in all aspects of this research.
Heather Woody also inspired us to undertake the bioblitz. Richard
Coleman and David Lake obtained genetic data at the SFSU RTC molecular
facility (NSF FSML award 0435033). John Stein provided lab space at the
Sitka Science Center, and Grant Miller provided access to Whiting
Harbor. Carolyn Bergstrom, Krissy Dunker, Jon Martin, Katharine Miller,
Ken Rear, David Tallmon, Sherry Tamone, and many others assisted in the
field surveys. Larry Harris and Benjamin Becker provided additional
samples from non-Alaskan regions for genetic analyses. Gretchen Lambert
examined morphological characters of Alaskan samples. This research was
supported by funding from Alaska Department of Fish and Game, San
Francisco State University, and the Smithsonian Institution.
NR 28
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 27
PU REGIONAL EURO-ASIAN BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CENTRE-REABIC
PI HELSINKI
PA PL 3, HELSINKI, 00981, FINLAND
SN 1798-6540
EI 1818-5487
J9 AQUAT INVASIONS
JI Aquat. Invasions
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 3
BP 263
EP 271
DI 10.3391/ai.2011.6.3.03
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 972LA
UT WOS:000306277400003
ER
PT J
AU Bowen-Stevens, SR
Cox, TM
Curran, MC
AF Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina R.
Cox, Tara M.
Curran, Mary Carla
TI What Are Bottlenose Dolphins Doing on Land? An Activity Teaching the
Scientific Method through the Unique Behavior of Strand Feeding
SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER
LA English
DT Article
DE Strand feeding; scientific method; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops
truncatus; foraging
ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SPECIALIZATION
AB All scientists use the scientific method to investigate the unknown by developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, collecting data, and interpreting findings. The purpose of this activity is to teach middle school students about the scientific method and foraging ecology as they investigate a foraging behavior (strand feeding) of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We tested this activity on middle school students and found that the activity promoted student inquiry, ingenuity, and critical thinking as the students used the scientific method to answer questions about strand feeding.
C1 [Bowen-Stevens, Sabrina R.] Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Program, Savannah, GA 31404 USA.
RP Bowen-Stevens, SR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM sabrinarose8@yahoo.com; coxt@savannahstate.edu;
curranc@savannahstate.edu
FU NOAA Office through NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science
Center [NA06OAR4810163]; NSF [GK-12, 0841372]
FX Thanks to Robin Perrtree, Christopher Schell, and the middle school
students of Charles Ellis Montessori School for assistance with this
project. Photo of strand feeding was collected in accordance with the
Marine Mammal Protection Act under NMFS Letter of Confirmation no.
14219. Funding for this project was provided by NOAA Office of
Education's Educational Partnership Program through the NOAA Living
Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, award no. NA06OAR4810163
and NSF GK-12, award no. 0841372. This is Contribution no. 1628 of the
Belle W. Baruch Marine Field Laboratory of the University of South
Carolina.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 14
PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC
PI RESTON
PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA
SN 0002-7685
J9 AM BIOL TEACH
JI Am. Biol. Teach.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 7
BP 407
EP 411
DI 10.1525/abt.2011.73.7.7
PG 5
WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational
Research
GA 957UQ
UT WOS:000305190600006
ER
PT J
AU Hurlburt, GF
Voas, J
AF Hurlburt, George F.
Voas, Jeffrey
TI Storytelling: From Cave Art to Digital Media
SO IT PROFESSIONAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Voas, Jeffrey] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM ghurlburt@change-index.com; j.voas@ieee.org
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1520-9202
J9 IT PROF
JI IT Prof.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 5
BP 4
EP 7
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA 946HY
UT WOS:000304343400001
ER
PT J
AU Samarov, D
Marron, JS
Liu, YF
Grulke, C
Tropsha, A
AF Samarov, Daniel
Marron, J. S.
Liu, Yufeng
Grulke, Christopher
Tropsha, Alexander
TI LOCAL KERNEL CANONICAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATION TO VIRTUAL
DRUG SCREENING
SO ANNALS OF APPLIED STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Kernel methods; canonical correlation analysis; indefinite kernels; drug
discovery; virtual screening
AB Drug discovery is the process of identifying compounds which have potentially meaningful biological activity. A major challenge that arises is that the number of compounds to search over can be quite large, sometimes numbering in the millions, making experimental testing intractable. For this reason computational methods are employed to filter out those compounds which do not exhibit strong biological activity. This filtering step, also called virtual screening reduces the search space, allowing for the remaining compounds to be experimentally tested.
In this paper we propose several novel approaches to the problem of virtual screening based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and on a kernel-based extension. Spectral learning ideas motivate our proposed new method called Indefinite Kernel CCA (IKCCA). We show the strong performance of this approach both for a toy problem as well as using real world data with dramatic improvements in predictive accuracy of virtual screening over an existing methodology.
C1 [Samarov, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
[Marron, J. S.; Liu, Yufeng] Univ N Carolina, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Grulke, Christopher; Tropsha, Alexander] Univ N Carolina, Sch Pharm, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Samarov, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
EM daniel.samarov@nist.gov; marron@email.unc.edu; yfliu@email.unc.edu;
grulke@email.unc.edu; tropsha@unc.edu
RI Tropsha, Alexander/G-6245-2014
FU NSF [DMS-07-47575]; NIH [NIH/NCI R01 CA-149569, GM066940]
FX Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-07-47575 and NIH Grant NIH/NCI R01
CA-149569.; Supported in part by NIH Grant GM066940.
NR 26
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS
PI CLEVELAND
PA 3163 SOMERSET DR, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA
SN 1932-6157
J9 ANN APPL STAT
JI Ann. Appl. Stat.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 3
BP 2169
EP 2196
DI 10.1214/11-AOAS472
PG 28
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 893UR
UT WOS:000300382500019
PM 22121408
ER
PT J
AU Green, C
AF Green, Cathy
TI Ladies of the Lights: Michigan Women in the U.S. Lighthouse Service
SO MICHIGAN HISTORICAL REVIEW
LA English
DT Book Review
C1 [Green, Cathy] Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA.
RP Green, C (reprint author), Thunder Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIV CLARKE HISTORICAL LIBRARY
PI MT PLEASANT
PA MT PLEASANT, MI 48859 USA
SN 0360-1846
J9 MICH HIST REV
JI Mich. Hist. Rev.
PD FAL
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 2
BP 115
EP 116
PG 2
WC History
SC History
GA 864VG
UT WOS:000298268000015
ER
PT J
AU Bennett, TR
Wissmar, RC
Roni, P
AF Bennett, Todd R.
Wissmar, Robert C.
Roni, Phil
TI Fall and Spring Emigration Timing of Juvenile Coho Salmon from East Twin
River, Washington
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON;
SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STREAM NETWORK; CHINOOK SALMON;
SURVIVAL; GROWTH; OREGON
AB We implanted 2212 juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) 55 to 111 mm with Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags to determine their growth, overwinter survival, and emigration timing from the East Twin River and its tributary, Sadie Creek, on Washington's Olympic Peninsula. Detections of tagged fish by instream antennas revealed that a much higher proportion of juvenile coho salmon emigrated to the sea in the fall than during the spring. Fall emigrants predominantly originated from East Twin River (96.6%) whereas Sadie Creek coho salmon remained in-stream to overwinter where they grew faster and became larger when compared to smolts from East Twin River. Results suggest that fish size in the fall and location in the watershed may influence emigration timing.
C1 [Bennett, Todd R.] NOAA Fisheries, NOAA Mukilteo Field, Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
[Bennett, Todd R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wissmar, Robert C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington, DC 98195 USA.
[Roni, Phil] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Bennett, TR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NOAA Mukilteo Field, Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
EM Todd.Bennett@noaa.gov
FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Washington State Department of
Ecology
FX We thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington
State Department of Ecology for the funding of this project, and Dave
Morse and Josey Paul for their generous support and access to study
sites. We also thank the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe for their
collaboration and assistance with fieldwork, in particular Raymond
Moses, Mike McHenry, and Mel Elofson. We also thank Ranae Holland, Sarah
Morley, Kris Kloehn, Annalissa Ritchie, Jessica Taylor, Chau Iran,
Andrea Pratt, Martin Liermann, Morgan Heim, and Keith Denton for field
assistance and logistical support. Thanks to Martin Liermann, George
Pess, and Casey Rice for help with statistical analyses and review of
the manuscript. Earl Prentice, Sandra Downing, and Bruce Jonasson
provided invaluable help and knowledge with the PIT tag antenna array.
We also thank five anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve
this manuscript.
NR 41
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 14
PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC
PI SEATTLE
PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE,
WA 98115 USA
SN 0029-344X
EI 2161-9859
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD FAL
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 4
BP 562
EP 570
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 867HX
UT WOS:000298446600007
ER
PT J
AU Yang, Y
Wang, L
Zambaldi, C
Eisenlohr, P
Barabash, R
Liu, W
Stoudt, MR
Crimp, MA
Bieler, TR
AF Yang, Y.
Wang, L.
Zambaldi, C.
Eisenlohr, P.
Barabash, R.
Liu, W.
Stoudt, M. R.
Crimp, M. A.
Bieler, T. R.
TI Characterization and Modeling of Heterogeneous Deformation in Commercial
Purity Titanium
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-PLASTICITY; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TEXTURE; ALLOYS;
TWINS; POLYCRYSTALS; ORIENTATION; SIMULATION; NUCLEATION
AB Heterogeneous deformation, including local dislocation shear activity and lattice rotation, was analyzed in microstructure patches of polycrystalline commercial purity titanium specimens using three different experimental methods. The measurements were compared with crystal plasticity finite element simulations for the same region that incorporate a local phenomenological hardening constitutive model. The dislocation activity was measured using techniques associated with atomic force microscopy, confocal microscopy, three-dimensional x-ray diffraction, and nano-indentation. The results indicate that a major challenge for model development is to effectively predict conditions where slip transfer occurs, and where geometrically necessary dislocations accumulate.
C1 [Yang, Y.; Wang, L.; Crimp, M. A.; Bieler, T. R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Zambaldi, C.; Eisenlohr, P.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany.
[Barabash, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Stoudt, M. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM bieler@egr.msu.edu
RI Eisenlohr, Philip/E-6866-2010; Yang, Yiyi/B-7298-2013
OI Eisenlohr, Philip/0000-0002-8220-5995;
FU Materials World Network [NSF DMR-0710570, DFG EI 681/2-1]; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This research is supported by a Materials World Network grant (NSF
DMR-0710570 and DFG EI 681/2-1). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. R.B. is
supported by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 36
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 25
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 63
IS 9
BP 66
EP 73
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
Mining & Mineral Processing
GA 859IA
UT WOS:000297868900011
ER
PT J
AU Gray, JM
Rogers, CT
Bertness, KA
Sanford, NA
AF Gray, Jason M.
Rogers, Charles T.
Bertness, Kris A.
Sanford, Norman A.
TI Gallium nitride nanowire electromechanical resonators with
piezoresistive readout
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID GAN
AB The authors report on the fabrication, piezoresistive readout, and frequency response of doubly clamped c-axis gallium nitride nanowire (NW) resonators that show mechanical quality factors exceeding 10 000. The devices are fabricated using a combination of lithographic patterning and dielectrophoresis to suspend NWs across 10 mu m gaps. An electrostatic gate induces NW vibration, which is electronically detected via NW piezoresistance. The naturally occurring range of NW diameters results in lowest beam resonances in the range of 9-36 MHz, consistent with a Young's modulus of roughly 300 GPa. Mechanical quality factors, Q, as high as 26 000 under vacuum at 8 K are observed. Selective variation of NW temperature by local joule heating while maintaining cold mechanical clamps demonstrates the dominant role of the polycrystalline metallic end clamps in the room-temperature mechanical dissipation. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3622326]
C1 [Gray, Jason M.; Rogers, Charles T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Gray, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jason.gray@colorado.edu
FU DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated
Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [N66001-10-1-4007]; National Science
Foundation (NSF-CMMI); General Electric (GE)
FX The studies conducted by the authors from the University of
Colorado-Boulder are supported by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science
and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers
(iMINT) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) N/MEMS
S&T Fundamentals program under Grant No. N66001-10-1-4007 issued by the
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR). The authors
also acknowledge early funding support from the National Science
Foundation (NSF-CMMI) and General Electric (GE).
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 29
IS 5
AR 052001
DI 10.1116/1.3622326
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA 853II
UT WOS:000297419000021
ER
PT J
AU Peri, SR
Akgun, B
Satija, SK
Jiang, H
Enlow, J
Bunning, TJ
Foster, MD
AF Peri, Someswara R.
Akgun, Bulent
Satija, Sushil K.
Jiang, Hao
Enlow, Jesse
Bunning, Timothy. J.
Foster, Mark D.
TI Control of Interface Nanoscale Structure Created by Plasma-Enhanced
Chemical Vapor Deposition
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE cross-link density; plasma polymerization; PECVD process parameters;
PECVD interfaces; vapor-swelling; X-ray/neutron reflectivity
ID POLYMERIZED FLUOROCARBON FILMS; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; X-RAY
REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY;
GLOW-DISCHARGE; COPOLYMERIZATION; RADICALS; FERROCENE
AB Tailoring the structure of films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to specific applications requires a depth-resolved understanding of how the interface structures in such films are impacted by variations in deposition parameters such as feed position and : plasma power. Analysis of complementary X-ray and neutron reflectivity (XR, NR) data provide a rich picture of changes in structure with feed position and plasma power, with those changes resolved on the nanoscale. For plasma-polymerized octafluorocyclobutane (PP-OFCB) films, a region of distinct chemical composition and lower cross-link density is found at the substrate interface for the range of processing conditions studied and a surface layer of lower cross-link density also appears when plasma power exceeds 40 W. Varying the distance of the feed from the plasma impacts the degree of cross-linking in the film center, thickness of the surface layer, and thickness of the transition region at the substrate. Deposition at the highest power, 65 W, both enhances cross-linking and creates loose fragments with fluorine content higher than the average. The thickness of the low cross-link density region at the air interface plays an important role in determining the width of the interface built with a layer subsequently deposited atop the first.
C1 [Peri, Someswara R.; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Jiang, Hao; Enlow, Jesse; Bunning, Timothy. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM mfoster@uakron.edu
RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011
FU Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics [49620-02-1-0428]; Air Force
Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory; University
of Akron; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.
Department of Commerce
FX This research was funded by the Collaborative Center for Polymer
Photonics (49620-02-1-0428) which is co-funded by the Air Force Office
of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and The
University of Akron. We acknowledge support of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the
neutron research facilities used in this work.
NR 52
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 9
BP 3375
EP 3383
DI 10.1021/am200543x
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 824YA
UT WOS:000295236900024
PM 21875044
ER
PT J
AU Carretta, JV
Barlow, J
AF Carretta, James V.
Barlow, Jay
TI Long-Term Effectiveness, Failure Rates, and "Dinner Bell" Properties of
Acoustic Pingers in a Gillnet Fishery
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic pingers; bycatch; marine mammals; habituation; gillnets
ID NET FISHERY; BYCATCH; MORTALITY
AB The long-term effectiveness of acoustic pingers in reducing marine mammal bycatch was assessed for the swordfish and thresher shark drift gillnet fishery in California. Between 1990 and 2009, data on fishing gear, environmental variables, and bycatch were recorded for over 8,000 fishing sets by at-sea fishery observers, including over 4,000 sets outfitted with acoustic pingers between 1996 and 2009. Bycatch rates of cetaceans in sets with >= 30 pingers were nearly 50% lower compared to sets without pingers (p = 1.2 x 10(-6)), though this result is driven largely by common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) bycatch. Beaked whales have not been observed entangled in this fishery since 1995, the last full year of fishing without acoustic pingers. Pinger failure (>= 1 nonfunctioning pingers in a net) was noted in 3.7% of observed sets. In sets where the number of failed pingers was recorded, approximately 18% of deployed pingers had failed. Cetacean bycatch rates were 10 times higher in sets where >= 1 pingers failed versus sets without pinger failure (p = 0.002), though sample sizes for sets with pinger failure were small. No evidence of habituation to pingers by cetaceans was apparent over a 14-year period of use. Bycatch rates of California sea lions in sets with >= 30 gingers were nearly double that of sets without pingers, which prompted us to examine the potential "dinner bell" effects of pingers. Depredation of swordfish catch by California sea lions was not linked to pinger use-the best predictors of depredation were total swordfish catch, month fished, area fished, and nighttime use of deck lights on vessels.
C1 [Carretta, James V.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Carretta, JV (reprint author), NOAA, US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM Jim.Carretta@noaa.gov; Jay.Barlow@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Regional Office
FX We would like to thank Lyle Enriquez for managing the drift gillnet
observer program. This work would not have been possible without the
support of the National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Regional
Office and the cooperation of the California drift gill net vessel
operators. The manuscript was improved by the reviews of Susan Chivers,
Jeff Moore, and two anonymous reviewers.
NR 22
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 35
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI COLUMBIA
PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 5
BP 7
EP 19
PG 13
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA 847BZ
UT WOS:000296948200002
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, HD
Bramwell, ST
Cheng, JG
Wiebe, CR
Li, G
Balicas, L
Bloxsom, JA
Silverstein, HJ
Zhou, JS
Goodenough, JB
Gardner, JS
AF Zhou, H. D.
Bramwell, S. T.
Cheng, J. G.
Wiebe, C. R.
Li, G.
Balicas, L.
Bloxsom, J. A.
Silverstein, H. J.
Zhou, J. S.
Goodenough, J. B.
Gardner, J. S.
TI High pressure route to generate magnetic monopole dimers in spin ice
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID IONIC SYSTEMS; FRUSTRATION; HO2TI2O7; LATTICE; COULOMB; MODELS; LIQUID;
PHASE
AB The gas of magnetic monopoles in spin ice is governed by one key parameter: the monopole chemical potential. A significant variation of this parameter could access hitherto undiscovered magnetic phenomena arising from monopole correlations, as observed in the analogous electrical Coulomb gas, like monopole dimerization, critical phase separation, or charge ordering. However, all known spin ices have values of chemical potential imposed by their structure and chemistry that place them deeply within the weakly correlated regime, where none of these interesting phenomena occur. Here we use high-pressure synthesis to create a new monopole host, Dy2Ge2O7, with a radically altered chemical potential that stabilizes a large fraction of monopole dimers. The system is found to be ideally described by the classic Debye-Huckel-Bjerrum theory of charge correlations. We thus show how to tune the monopole chemical potential in spin ice and how to access the diverse collective properties of magnetic monopoles.
C1 [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Gardner, J. S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhou, H. D.; Li, G.; Balicas, L.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Bramwell, S. T.; Bloxsom, J. A.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H OAH, England.
[Bramwell, S. T.; Bloxsom, J. A.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1H OAH, England.
[Cheng, J. G.; Zhou, J. S.; Goodenough, J. B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
[Wiebe, C. R.; Silverstein, H. J.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
EM jason.gardner@nist.gov
RI Cheng, Jinguang/A-8342-2012; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Li,
Gang/E-3033-2015; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016;
OI Silverstein, Harlyn/0000-0002-7743-9842; Goodenough, John
Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034
FU NSF [DMR-0944772, DMR-0654118, DMR-0904282]; State of Florida; EPSRC
(UK); NSERC; ACS; Robert A Welch Foundation [F-1066]; DOE-BES
[DE-SC0002613]
FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under
Agreement No DMR-0944772 and DMR-0654118, and the State of Florida.
S.T.B. and J.A.B. are grateful to the EPSRC (UK) for financial support.
C.R.W. is grateful for support through the Discovery grant program at
NSERC and the ACS Petroleum Fund. J.S.Z. and J.B.G. are grateful for
financial support from NSF DMR-0904282 and Robert A Welch Foundation
(No. F-1066). L.B. is supported by DOE-BES through award DE-SC0002613.
We thank P.C.W. Holdsworth and B.A. Pettitt for numerous useful
discussions.
NR 32
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 4
U2 46
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 2
AR 478
DI 10.1038/ncomms1483
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 845ZY
UT WOS:000296868200005
PM 21934662
ER
PT J
AU Overland, JE
AF Overland, James E.
TI Potential Arctic Change Through Climate Amplification Processes
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-ICE; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; VARIABILITY; MODELS
AB Could a gradual warming trend, combined with a large atmospheric or oceanic event, and mediated by Arctic-specific feedbacks, lead to persistent changes in Arctic climate? Several recent observed shifts follow this pattern: they are large, they occur across the Earth system, they are happening decades earlier than suggested by climate models, and while they may or may not be irreversible, they at least carry multiple-year memory (i.e., they are longer than the extreme event that was their proximate cause). When the 2007 summer sea ice minimum occurred, Arctic temperatures had been rising and sea ice had been decreasing over the previous two decades. Nevertheless, it took an unusually persistent southerly wind pattern over the summer months, and perhaps ocean transport and other factors, to initiate the loss event. The abrupt warming and associated record ice loss in West Greenland in 2010 also fit this hypothesis, initiated by southerly winds associated with an unusual manifestation of a natural climate pattern, the North Atlantic Oscillation. Extensive forest fires are causing deep burning of the soil layer, changing the carbon response of Arctic landmasses with lasting effects. Anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns in winter 2009-2010 and December 2010 linked cold-air outbreaks from the Arctic with mid-latitudes. While continued anthropogenic forcing predicts continued temperature increases and sea ice loss, these larger variations or "surprises" introduce uncertainties in the timing and magnitude of future Arctic shifts, the degree to which they are reversible or not, and how they will influence future local and global climate. Climate models, while imperfect, can be run multiple times, in series that are called "ensemble members," to capture a range of potential responses to randomly occurring extreme events combined with continuing anthropogenic warming trends.
C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov
FU Arctic Research of the NOAA Climate Program Office
FX JEO appreciates discussion of these issues with many colleagues over the
last few years. The table of Scientific Methods is from a lecture by
Naomi Oreskes at the American Meteorological Society Headquarters in
2007. Preparation of this paper was supported by Arctic Research of the
NOAA Climate Program Office. PMEL contribution 3681.
NR 56
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 25
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 3
SI SI
BP 176
EP 185
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2011.70
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 826ZS
UT WOS:000295394700025
ER
PT J
AU Sigler, MF
Renner, M
Danielson, SL
Eisner, LB
Lauth, RR
Kuletz, KJ
Logerwell, EA
Hunt, GL
AF Sigler, Michael F.
Renner, Martin
Danielson, Seth L.
Eisner, Lisa B.
Lauth, Robert R.
Kuletz, Kathy J.
Logerwell, Elizabeth A.
Hunt, George L., Jr.
TI Fluxes, Fins, and Feathers Relationships Among the Bering, Chukchi, and
Beaufort Seas in a Time of Climate Change
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN ARCTIC-OCEAN; BOWHEAD WHALE DISTRIBUTION; MACKENZIE SHELF
ESTUARY; ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FISH ASSEMBLAGES;
WALLEYE POLLOCK; LATE SUMMER; WATER MASS; FOOD WEBS
AB Ocean currents, water masses, and seasonal sea ice formation determine linkages among and barriers between the biotas of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. The Bering Sea communicates with the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas via northward advection of water, nutrients, and plankton through Bering Strait. However, continuity of the ocean's physical properties is modulated by regional differences in heat, salt, and sea ice budgets, in particular, along the meridional gradient. Using summer density data from zooplankton, fish (bottom and surface trawl), and seabird surveys, we define three biogeographic provinces: the Eastern Bering Shelf Province (the eastern Bering Sea shelf south of Saint Lawrence Island), the Chirikov-Chukchi Province (the eastern Bering Sea shelf north of Saint Lawrence Island [Chirikov Basin] and Chukchi Sea), and the Beaufort Sea Province. Regional differences in summer distributions of biota largely reflect the underlying oceanography. Climate warming will reduce the duration and possibly the extent of seasonal ice cover in the Eastern Bering Shelf Province, but this warming may not lead to increased abundance of some subarctic species because seasonal ice cover and cold (< 2 degrees C) bottom waters on the Bering shelf form a barrier to the northward migration of subarctic bottom fish species typical of the southeastern Bering Sea. While Arctic species that are dependent upon the summer extent of sea ice face an uncertain future, other Arctic species' resilience to a changing climate will be derived from waters that continue to freeze each winter.
C1 [Sigler, Michael F.; Eisner, Lisa B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK USA.
[Renner, Martin; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Danielson, Seth L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Lauth, Robert R.; Logerwell, Elizabeth A.] NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA USA.
[Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Sigler, MF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Juneau, AK USA.
EM mike.sigler@noaa.gov
OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697
FU NSF [ARC-0908262]; NOAA/PMEL Eco-FOCI
FX Several recent scientific programs, including BEST, BSIERP, BASIS,
NPCREP, RUSALCA, and SBI have contributed to our knowledge of these
regions. We thank John Piatt and Gary Drew for developing the North
Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database and Ivonne Ortiz and Ed Farley for the
fish diet data used to classify foraging guilds. We thank Peter Boveng,
Ken Coyle, Ed Farley, Franz Mueter, Jeff Napp, Lori Quakenbush, Bill
Sydeman, and an anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier version of
this article. The participation of G. Hunt and M. Renner was supported
by NSF Grant ARC-0908262. We thank K. Aagaard, P. Stabeno, and T.
Weingartner for use of moored data records. NOAA mooring M2 is supported
by the NOAA/PMEL Eco-FOCI program. This is BEST-BSIERP publication no.
24 and NPRB publication no. 301. This is a publication of the IMBER
Regional Program, Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS). The
findings and conclusions of the paper are those of the authors and do
not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries
Service.
NR 106
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 4
U2 40
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 3
SI SI
BP 250
EP 265
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 826ZS
UT WOS:000295394700032
ER
PT J
AU Dziak, RP
Hammond, SR
Fox, CG
AF Dziak, Robert P.
Hammond, Stephen R.
Fox, Christopher G.
TI A 20-YEAR HYDROACOUSTIC TIME SERIES OF SEISMIC AND VOLCANIC EVENTS IN
THE NORTHEAST PACIFIC OCEAN
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; WAVE DETECTION THRESHOLDS;
FLOOR SPREADING EPISODE; TRANSFORM-FAULT ZONE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; GORDA
PLATE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO; FRACTURE-ZONE
AB For the last 20 years, civilian researchers have used the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS), a US Navy hydrophone array deployed for anti-submarine warfare during the Cold War, to detect seismic and volcanic activity in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. A total of 46,498 earthquakes have been located along oceanic plate boundaries, providing a comprehensive view of volcano-tectonic activity in the region. During the 20-year interval, the Northeast Pacific spreading centers exhibited both high levels of continued background seismicity (Explorer and Gorda segments) and long periods of quiescence punctuated by brief periods (days to weeks) of intense (> 1000 events/day) earthquake activity. The Juan de Fuca Ridge south of the Cobb Offset is largely aseismic, with the exception of events associated with two three-week-long volcanic eruptions and frequent seismicity at 46 degrees 50'N. In contrast, the Endeavour, Explorer, and Gorda Ridges, and the Cobb Offset are highly seismic, producing continuous earthquake activity. Of the seven major episodes of seafloor spreading identified by analysis of the SOSUS data, three resulted in lava eruptions onto the seafloor and release of large hydrothermal plumes. The Blanco Transform produces the most earthquakes and the largest seismic energy release of any Northeast Pacific plate boundary. The Explorer and Gorda plates are also very seismically active, which is consistent with these areas being highly fractured deformation zones that are structurally independent from the Juan de Fuca plate.
C1 [Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Hammond, Stephen R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Environm Res Div, Newport, OR USA.
[Fox, Christopher G.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Dziak, RP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM robert.p.dziak@noaa.gov
FU US Navy personnel at the Naval Ocean Processing Facility at Naval Air
Station, Whidbey Island; National Science Foundation [OCE-0623649]
FX The authors thank the US Navy personnel at the Naval Ocean Processing
Facility at Naval Air Station, Whidbey Island, for their generous
assistance and support that has allowed the continued flow of SOSUS
hydrophone data to our NOAA/OSU labs during the last 20 years. We also
give special thanks to J. Peeples, H. Milburn, D. Seem, and E. Bernard
for their engineering, computer, and strategic support that allowed this
project to become a reality in August 1991. We also very gratefully
acknowledge the hard work and unselfish efforts of T.-K. Lau, J. Haxel,
M. Fowler, J. Klay, H. Matsumoto, C. Meinig, M. Koehn, A.E. Radford, and
J. Graham in developing and maintaining the data acquisition hardware
and analysis software, for data processing, and for helping with the
myriad Department of Commerce and Department of Energy security issues
we have had throughout the years. The authors are further indebted to S.
Merle for graphics production and R. Embley for provocative discussions
over the years. The authors also wish to thank M. Tolstoy, E. Hooft and
D. Wilson for very helpful reviews that improved the manuscript. The
project was supported during 2006-2009 by National Science Foundation
grant OCE-0623649. This paper is NOAA/PMEL contribution number 3714.
NR 51
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 10
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 3
SI SI
BP 280
EP 293
DI 10.5670/oceanog.2011.79
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 826ZS
UT WOS:000295394700034
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, AN
Crowley, CJ
Yeh, TT
AF Johnson, Aaron N.
Crowley, Chris J.
Yeh, T. T.
TI Uncertainty Analysis of NIST's 20 Liter Hydrocarbon Liquid Flow Standard
SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA
LA English
DT Article
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses a bi-directional 20 L-displacement piston prover as its primary standard for measuring hydrocarbon liquid flows ranging from 1.86 x 10(-5) m(3)/s (0.3 gpm) to 2.6 x 10(-3) m(3)/s (40 gpm). Our analysis shows that the prover's uncertainty over this flow range is 0.074 % (k = 2, corresponding to a 95 % confidence interval). Using a dual rotor turbine meter as the transfer standard, we compare the new 20 L piston prover standard with NIST's other hydrocarbon liquid standards and NIST's water flow standard. The results are consistent with the presented uncertainty analysis.
C1 [Johnson, Aaron N.; Crowley, Chris J.; Yeh, T. T.] NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Johnson, AN (reprint author), NIST, Fluid Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Aaron.Johnson@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA
SN 0970-3950
J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I
JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 3
BP 187
EP 202
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 844BM
UT WOS:000296722400003
ER
PT J
AU Li, CH
Johnson, A
AF Li, Chunhui
Johnson, Aaron
TI Bilateral Comparison between NIM's and NIST's Gas Flow Standards
SO MAPAN-JOURNAL OF METROLOGY SOCIETY OF INDIA
LA English
DT Article
ID NOZZLES
AB A bilateral comparison of the gas flow standards of the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) in China and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the USA was conducted from June 2008 to October 2009. Two critical flow venturis (CFVs) with nominal throat diameters of 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively, were selected as transfer standards. The CFVs were calibrated on NIM's 20 m(3) PVTt system and then on NIST's 26 m(3) PVTt system. The results demonstrate the equivalence between NIM's and NIST's gas flow measurement capabilities for flows ranging from 1000 liters per minute to 4000 liters per minute at reference conditions of 101.325 kPa and 293.15 K. The experimental data agreed with existing theoretical models within 0.07 %. All the data agree with the ISO 9300 empirical equation within its 0.3 % expanded uncertainty limit.
C1 [Li, Chunhui] NIM, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
[Johnson, Aaron] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Li, CH (reprint author), NIM, 18 Beisanhuan Donglu, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China.
EM lich@nim.ac.cn
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU METROLOGY SOC INDIA
PI NEW DELHI
PA NPL PREMISES, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI, 110 012, INDIA
SN 0970-3950
J9 MAPAN-J METROL SOC I
JI MAPAN-J. Metrol. Soc. India
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 3
BP 211
EP 224
PG 14
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 844BM
UT WOS:000296722400005
ER
PT J
AU Gaichas, SK
Aydin, KY
Francis, RC
AF Gaichas, Sarah K.
Aydin, Kerim Y.
Francis, Robert C.
TI What drives dynamics in the Gulf of Alaska? Integrating hypotheses of
species, fishing, and climate relationships using ecosystem modeling
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID LION EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; BERING-SEA; ALEUTIAN
ISLANDS; CLUPEA-PALLASI; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; ECOSIM;
ECOPATH
AB We use a dynamic ecosystem model to evaluate the relative effects of fishing history, climate change, and predator prey interactions in determining biomass trajectories for 12 species groups ranging from marine mammals through commercially exploited fish and invertebrates in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Ecosystem model fits under six alternative hypotheses relating fishing, climate, and predation were evaluated. Fishing alone explained few GOA biomass trajectories; it was necessary to both estimate specific predator prey relationships and provide some mechanism for increased production. No single control hypothesis explained all species dynamics simultaneously, suggesting that in the GOA, there is no single main driver of the ecosystem. Furthermore, the alternative control hypotheses implied contrasting sets of predator prey relationships (estimated functional response parameters). Therefore, a single set of "best fit" parameters for a given control hypothesis is unlikely to be useful in forecasting. Future modeling efforts supporting ecosystem-based fishery management could retain multiple working models to accommodate complex forcing (fishing, keystone species production, and environmental) differentially affecting components of the ecosystem.
C1 [Gaichas, Sarah K.; Aydin, Kerim Y.] NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Francis, Robert C.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Gaichas, SK (reprint author), NOAA NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov
NR 89
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 35
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 1553
EP 1578
DI 10.1139/F2011-080
PG 26
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 837CS
UT WOS:000296169300004
ER
PT J
AU Hulson, PJF
Miller, SE
Ianelli, JN
Quinn, TJ
AF Hulson, Peter-John F.
Miller, Sara E.
Ianelli, James N.
Quinn, Terrance J., II
TI Including mark-recapture data into a spatial age-structured model:
walleye pollock (Theragra chakogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; MIGRATION; DYNAMICS
AB Integrated assessment models used to evaluate fish stocks are becoming increasingly complex, with some capable of incorporating spatial considerations. Such a model has been developed to estimate movement of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) between the northwestern and southeastern eastern Bering Sea. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of estimating movement using spatially disaggregated data supplemented by tagging data. Monte Carlo simulation was used to test accuracy and variability of parameter estimation in model scenarios with and without tagging information. Total biomass estimates for models with and without tagging data were unbiased, but uncertainty was smaller when tagging data were available. Uncertainty was also reduced in regional biomass and movement parameters when including tagging data. Our findings indicate that tagging information would be important to provide reliable spatially explicit fisheries management advice for eastern Bering Sea pollock.
C1 [Hulson, Peter-John F.; Miller, Sara E.; Quinn, Terrance J., II] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Ianelli, James N.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Hulson, PJF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM phulson@alaska.edu
FU Cooperative Institute For Alaska Research (CIFAR) / Alaska Fisheries
Science Center (AFSC); Alaska Sea Grant [R/31-16]
FX This work was supported by funding from the Cooperative Institute For
Alaska Research (CIFAR) / Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) and
Alaska Sea Grant project R/31-16. We thank Kalei Shotwell for
constructing the map shown in Fig. 1. We also thank referee Andre Punt
and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments. The findings and
conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not
necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries
Service, NOAA.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 1625
EP 1634
DI 10.1139/F2011-060
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 837CS
UT WOS:000296169300009
ER
PT J
AU Thorson, JT
Stewart, IJ
Punt, AE
AF Thorson, James T.
Stewart, Ian J.
Punt, Andre E.
TI Accounting for fish shoals in single- and multi-species survey data
using mixture distribution models
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID RESIDUAL DIAGNOSTICS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; TRAWL SURVEY; ABUNDANCE; CATCH
AB A scientific bottom trawl survey targeting Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) occasionally yields extraordinary catch events (ECEs) in which catch-per-unit-area is much greater than usual. We hypothesize that ECEs result from trawl catches of fish shoals. We developed mixture distribution models for positive catch rates to identify spatial covariates associated with ECEs or normal trawl catches and used simulation modeling to contrast the performance of mixture distribution and conventional log-linear models for estimating an annual index of positive catch rates. Finally, mixed-effects modeling was applied to multispecies data to evaluate the hypothesis that ECEs are related to shoaling behaviors. Results show that mixture distribution models are often selected over conventional models for shoaling species and that untrawlable habitat has a positive effect on rockfish densities. Simulation shows that mixture distribution models can perform as well as or better than conventional models at predicting positive catch rates. Finally, model selection supports the hypothesis that shoaling behaviors contribute to the occurrence of ECEs. We propose that greater understanding of ECEs and shoaling habitat selection could be useful in future spatial management and survey design and that mixture distribution models could improve methods for estimating annual indices of abundance.
C1 [Thorson, James T.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Stewart, Ian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM JimThor@uw.edu
RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014;
OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488
FU University of Washington; NMFS [NA09OAR4170120]; Joint Institute for the
Study of the 353 Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [354
NA17RJ1232]
FX The authors thank J. Brandon, L. Clarke, T. Essington, M. Haltuch, R.
Hilborn, J. Wallace, and C. Whitmire, as well as the NOAA Fisheries
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Fishery Resource Analysis and
Monitoring Division, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Mont lake Blvd., Seattle, WA
98112, for providing bottom trawl data for successful and unsuccessful
tows. We also thank T. Helser for many discussions leading to the ideas
for this research. The manuscript was additionally improved by comments
from Samu Mantyniemi and one anonymous reviewer. Support was provided by
the University of Washington, the NMFS Sea Grant Population Dynamics
Fellowship (NA09OAR4170120), a NMFS groundfish project grant to the
University of Washington, and the Joint Institute for the Study of the
353 Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No.
354 NA17RJ1232.
NR 43
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 9
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 1681
EP 1693
DI 10.1139/F2011-086
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 837CS
UT WOS:000296169300013
ER
PT J
AU Sierra, JF
Pryadun, VV
Russek, SE
Garcia-Hernandez, M
Mompean, F
Rozada, R
Chubykalo-Fesenko, O
Snoeck, E
Miao, GX
Moodera, JS
Aliev, FG
AF Sierra, J. F.
Pryadun, V. V.
Russek, S. E.
Garcia-Hernandez, M.
Mompean, F.
Rozada, R.
Chubykalo-Fesenko, O.
Snoeck, E.
Miao, G. X.
Moodera, J. S.
Aliev, F. G.
TI Interface and Temperature Dependent Magnetic Properties in Permalloy
Thin Films and Tunnel Junction Structures
SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetic Thin Films; Ferromagnetic Resonance; Thermally Induced Spin
Reorientation Transition
ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; SPIN-REORIENTATION TRANSITION;
ANISOTROPY; MULTILAYERS; DIRECTION
AB Magnetization dynamics and field dependent magnetization of different devices based on 25-30 nm thick Permalloy (Py) films: such as single Py layers (Py/MgO; Py/CoFeB/Al(2)O(3)) and Py inserted as a magnetic layer in magnetic tunnel junctions (Py/CoFe/Al(2)O(3)/CoFe; Py/CoFeB/Al(2)O(3)/CoFe; Py/MgO/Fe) have been extensively studied within a temperature range between 300 K down to 5 K. The dynamic response was investigated in the linear regime measuring the ferromagnetic resonance response of the Py layers using broadband vector network analyzer technique. Both the static and the dynamic properties suggest the possible presence of a thermally induced spin reorientation transition in the Py interface at temperatures around 60 K in all the samples investigated. It seems, however, that the details of the interface between Py and the hardening ferromagnet/insulator structure, the atomic structure of Py layers (amorphous vs. textured) as well as the presence of dipolar coupling through the insulating barrier in the magnetic tunnel junction structures could strongly influence this low temperature reorientation transition. Our conclusions are indirectly supported by structural characterization of the samples by means of X-Ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. Micromagnetic simulations indicate the possibility of strongly enhanced surface anisotropy in thin Py films over CoFe or CoFeB underlayers. Comparison of the simulations with experimental results also shows that the thermally-induced spin reorientation transition could be influenced by the presence of strong disorder at the surface.
C1 [Sierra, J. F.; Pryadun, V. V.; Aliev, F. G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada C 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Sierra, J. F.; Pryadun, V. V.; Aliev, F. G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Nicolas Cabrera Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Russek, S. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Garcia-Hernandez, M.; Mompean, F.; Rozada, R.; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Snoeck, E.] Grp NanoMat CEMES CNRS, F-31045 Toulouse, France.
[Miao, G. X.; Moodera, J. S.] MIT, Francis Bitter Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Sierra, JF (reprint author), CEA SPINTEC, 17 Rue Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
RI Miao, Guo-Xing/A-2411-2008; Sierra, Juan F./D-6951-2014;
Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/J-9520-2014; Mompean, Federico/B-8713-2011; Aliev,
Farkhad/G-6278-2015
OI Miao, Guo-Xing/0000-0002-8735-8077; Sierra, Juan F./0000-0002-5438-0534;
Garcia-Hernandez, Mar/0000-0002-5987-0647;
FU Spanish MEC [MAT-2009-10139, MAT-2008-06517-C02-01, CSD-2009-00013,
MAT2007-66719-C03-01]; Consolider [CSD2007-00010, CS2008-023]; Comunidad
de Madrid [P2009/MAT-1726]; SVORTEX (CCC-UAM) project; European Union
[026019 ESTEEM]; NSF [DMR 0504158]; ONR [N00014-09-1-0177]
FX We thank M. J. Thornton for a critical reading of the manuscript.
Authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with A. P. Levanyuk, V.
Metlushko and F. Garcia-Sanchez. This work is supported by the Spanish
MEC MAT-2009-10139, MAT-2008-06517-C02-01, CSD-2009-00013,
MAT2007-66719-C03-01, Consolider (CSD2007-00010 and CS2008-023) and
Comunidad de Madrid (P2009/MAT-1726) contracts and SVORTEX (CCC-UAM)
project. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the
European Union under the Framework 6 program under a contract for an
Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. Reference 026019 ESTEEM. Work at
MIT is supported by grants from NSF (DMR 0504158) and ONR
(N00014-09-1-0177).
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI VALENCIA
PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA
SN 1533-4880
J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO
JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 7653
EP 7664
DI 10.1166/jnn.2011.4754
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 837NG
UT WOS:000296209900014
PM 22097470
ER
PT J
AU Maslar, JE
Kimes, WA
Sperling, BA
AF Maslar, J. E.
Kimes, W. A.
Sperling, B. A.
TI In Situ Gas Phase Measurements During Metal Alkylamide Atomic Layer
Deposition
SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT EuroCVD-18 Conference (EuroCVD)
CY SEP 04-09, 2011
CL Kinsale, IRELAND
SP Sci Fdn Ireland, Failte Ireland, Cambridge Nanotech Inc, Picosun Oy, Air Liquide, AIXTRON GmbH, ASM, Annealsys, Kemstream, Oxford Instruments, ProVac, MKS, Chem Vapor Deposit (Wiley-VCH), Amer Vaccum Soc, Mat Res Soc, Electrochem Soc, Inst Phys Thin Films & Surfaces Grp
DE Atomic Layer Deposition; In Situ Diagnostics; Molecular Spectroscopy
ID THIN-FILMS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HAFNIUM TETRAKIS(ETHYLMETHYLAMIDE);
VAPOR-PRESSURE; PRECURSORS; OXIDES; WATER; ALD
AB Metal alkylamide compounds, such as tetrakis(ethylmethylamido) hafnium (TEMAH), represent a technologically important class of metalorganic precursors for the deposition of metal oxides and metal nitrides via atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition. The development of in situ diagnostics for processes involving these compounds could be beneficial in, e.g., developing deposition recipes and validating equipment-scale simulations. This report describes the performance of the combination of two techniques for the simultaneous, rapid measurement of the three major gas phase species during hafnium oxide thermal ALD using TEMAH and water: TEMAH, water, and methylethyl amine (MEA), the only major reaction by-product. For measurement of TEMAH and MEA, direct absorption methods based on a broadband infrared source with different mid-IR bandpass filters and utilizing amplitude modulation and synchronous detection were developed. For the measurement of water, wavelength modulation spectroscopy utilizing a near-IR distributed feedback diode laser was used. Despite the relatively simple reactor geometry employed here (a flow tube), differences were easily observed in the time-dependent species distributions in 300 mL/min of a helium carrier gas and in 1000 mL/min of a nitrogen carrier gas. The degree of TEMAH entrainment was lower in 300 mL/min of helium compared to that in 1000 mL/min of nitrogen. The capability to obtain detailed time-dependent species concentrations during ALD could potentially allow for the selection of carrier gas composition and flow rates that would minimize parasitic wall reactions. However, when nitrogen was employed at the higher flow rates, various flow effects were observed that, if detrimental to a deposition process, would effectively limit the upper range of useful flow rates.
C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Kimes, W. A.; Sperling, B. A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI VALENCIA
PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA
SN 1533-4880
J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO
JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 8226
EP 8232
DI 10.1166/jnn.2011.5050
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 837NG
UT WOS:000296209900104
PM 22097559
ER
PT J
AU Marquis, M
Wilczak, J
Ahlstrom, M
Sharp, J
Stern, A
Smith, JC
Calvert, S
AF Marquis, Melinda
Wilczak, Jim
Ahlstrom, Mark
Sharp, Justin
Stern, Andrew
Smith, J. Charles
Calvert, Stan
TI FORECASTING THE WIND TO REACH SIGNIFICANT PENETRATION LEVELS OF WIND
ENERGY
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSIMILATION; IMPACT
C1 [Marquis, Melinda; Wilczak, Jim] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ahlstrom, Mark] WindLogics, St Paul, MN USA.
[Sharp, Justin] Iberdrola Renewables, Portland, OR USA.
[Stern, Andrew] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Smith, J. Charles] Util Wind Integrat Grp, Reston, VA USA.
[Calvert, Stan] US DOE, Wind & Water Power Program, Washington, DC USA.
RP Marquis, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM melinda.marquis@noaa.gov
RI Marquis, Melinda/K-8895-2015
NR 27
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 9
BP 1159
EP 1171
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3033.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835YK
UT WOS:000296072900011
ER
PT J
AU Westcott, NE
Hilberg, SD
Lampman, RL
Alto, BW
Bedel, A
Muturi, EJ
Glahn, H
Baker, M
Kunkel, KE
Novak, RJ
AF Westcott, N. E.
Hilberg, S. D.
Lampman, R. L.
Alto, B. W.
Bedel, A.
Muturi, E. J.
Glahn, H.
Baker, M.
Kunkel, K. E.
Novak, R. J.
TI PREDICTING THE SEASONAL SHIFT IN MOSQUITO POPULATIONS PRECEDING THE
ONSET OF THE WEST NILE VIRUS IN CENTRAL ILLINOIS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; CULICIDAE
C1 [Westcott, N. E.; Hilberg, S. D.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL 61820 USA.
[Lampman, R. L.; Muturi, E. J.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Urbana, IL 61820 USA.
[Alto, B. W.] Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Bedel, A.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Baker, M.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Kunkel, K. E.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD USA.
[Novak, R. J.] Univ Alabama, Sch Med, William C Gorgas Ctr Geog Med, Birmingham, AL USA.
RP Westcott, NE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL 61820 USA.
EM nan@illinois.edu
RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015
OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA67RJ0146]; state of
Illinois
FX This research was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Cooperative Agreement NA67RJ0146 and in part by the Used
Tire Fund and Emergency Public Health Fund from the state of Illinois.
We thank the Champaign-Urbana Encephalitis Prevention Program for help
with collecting and identifying Culex species. The authors wish to thank
Vernon Knapp, Mark Rhodes, Michael Timlin, and two anonymous reviewers
for their comments. Any opinions, findihgs, conclusions, or
recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the Illinois State Water Survey or the funding agency.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 9
BP 1173
EP 1180
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3163.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835YK
UT WOS:000296072900012
ER
PT J
AU McFarquhar, G
Schmid, B
Korolev, A
Ogren, JA
Russell, PB
Tomlinson, J
Turner, DD
Wiscombe, W
AF McFarquhar, Greg
Schmid, Beat
Korolev, Alexei
Ogren, John A.
Russell, Philip B.
Tomlinson, Jason
Turner, David D.
Wiscombe, Warren
TI AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION NEEDS FOR CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [McFarquhar, Greg] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Schmid, Beat; Tomlinson, Jason] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Korolev, Alexei] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada.
[Ogren, John A.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA.
[Russell, Philip B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
[Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Wiscombe, Warren] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP McFarquhar, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM mcfarq@atmos.uiuc.edu
RI Tomlinson, Jason/C-6566-2009; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Ogren,
John/M-8255-2015;
OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583;
McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 9
BP 1193
EP 1196
DI 10.1175/2011BAMS3180.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 835YK
UT WOS:000296072900014
ER
PT J
AU Sekula-Wood, E
Benitez-Nelson, C
Morton, S
Anderson, C
Burrell, C
Thunell, R
AF Sekula-Wood, Emily
Benitez-Nelson, Claudia
Morton, Steve
Anderson, Clarissa
Burrell, Christopher
Thunell, Robert
TI Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid fluxes in Santa Barbara Basin (CA) from
1993 to 2008
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Pseudo-nitzschia; Domoic acid; Sediment traps; Santa Barbara Basin;
Climate change; NPGO
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; SILICATE
LIMITATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DIATOM; MULTISERIES; ABUNDANCE;
CHANNEL; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE
AB Blooms of domoic acid (DA) producing Pseudo-nitzschia, regularly occur off the coast of California. Although it has been hypothesized that these blooms are increasing in frequency, the lack of historical records limits our understanding of potential causal mechanisms. In this study, an 15-year time-series (1993-2008) of sediment trap samples collected from the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) at 540 m were analyzed for Pseudo-nitzschia (n = 196, microscopy and SEM) and DA (n = 206, LC-MS/MS) concentrations and fluxes. Results suggest that there was an abrupt shift towards greater frequency and higher magnitude Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and toxic DA flux events in the SBB after the year 2000. SEM analysis of sediment trap material indicates that these events were mainly blooms of P. australis, with cell fluxes increasing by an order of magnitude from a maximum of 4.5 x 10(6) cells m(-2) d(-1) pre-2000, to as high as 3.2 x 10(8) cells m(-2) d(-1) thereafter. Similarly, sediment trap DA fluxes increased by an average of 13.4 mu g m(-2) d(-1), with only one large event (>5 mu g m(-2) d(-1)) from 1993 to 1999 versus 16 large DA events from 2000 to 2008. While the causes of this abrupt shift remain ambiguous, we suggest that this shift may be related to natural climate variability associated with a change in phase of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and its potential influence on the composition and magnitude of waters that are upwelled into the SBB. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia; Anderson, Clarissa; Thunell, Robert] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Sekula-Wood, Emily; Benitez-Nelson, Claudia; Burrell, Christopher; Thunell, Robert] Univ S Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Morton, Steve] NOAA NOS Marine Biotoxin Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Anderson, Clarissa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Benitez-Nelson, C (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, 701 Sumter St,EWS 408, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM cbnelson@geol.sc.edu
OI Benitez-Nelson, Claudia/0000-0002-1004-5048
FU National Science Foundation [OCE0850425]
FX We thank Eric Tappa for his outstanding contributions to the success of
the SBB sediment trapping program and the crew of the R/V Yellowfin for
their efforts in both sediment trap deployments and recovery. We also
wish to thank Steven Bograd for his advice on the NPGO. Two anonymous
reviewers helped to significantly improve the manuscript. This work was
supported in part by the National Science Foundation Chemical
Oceanography Program, Grant #OCE0850425.
NR 45
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
EI 1878-1470
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 6
BP 567
EP 575
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.04.009
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 836LH
UT WOS:000296112700002
ER
PT J
AU Du, XN
Peterson, W
McCulloch, A
Liu, GX
AF Du, Xiuning
Peterson, William
McCulloch, Anita
Liu, Guangxing
TI An unusual bloom of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea off the
central Oregon, USA, coast in autumn 2009
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Article
DE Akashiwo sanguinea; Bloom; Upwelling; Oregon coast
ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; EVENTS
AB An algal bloom caused by the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea was observed in October-November 2009 along the central Oregon coast (44.6 degrees N), off Newport, Oregon, U.S.A. In this paper, the conditions are described which led to the development and demise of this bloom. The bloom was observed for 1 month from 5-October until 4-November with the peak of abundance on 19-October (347,615 cells L(-1)). The A. sanguinea bloom followed September blooms of the diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp, Chaetoceros debills, and the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum gracile. The bloom occurred when nitrate and silicate concentrations were <2 mu M and <8 mu M, respectively, and when the water column was stratified. This A. sanguinea dinoflagellate bloom event was closely related to the anomalous upwelling conditions in 2009: upwelling ceased early, at the end of August, whereas a normal upwelling continues into early October. This relaxation extended to near the end of September as a prolonged downwelling event, but then active upwelling reappeared in October and November. The explanation for the occurrence of the A. sanguinea bloom in October may be related to a combination of a prior diatom bloom, a stratified water column with low nutrient concentration in September, and an active upwelling event in October. As for the ultimate source of the cells, the hypothesis is that the seed stock for the A sanguinea bloom off Oregon was southward transport of cells from the Washington coast where a massive bloom of A. sanguinea was first observed in September 2009. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Du, Xiuning; Liu, Guangxing] Ocean Univ China, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, Peoples R China.
[Peterson, William] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Du, Xiuning; McCulloch, Anita] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Du, XN (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, 238 Songling Rd, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, Peoples R China.
EM xiuningdu@gmail.com
FU China Scholarship Council; NOAA/MERHAB program [NH07NOS4780195]
FX We thank Tracy Shaw, Jay Peterson, Jennifer Menkel and Captain Mike on
the Elakha for collecting the samples, JP for processing the CTD data,
TS for processing the chlorophyll samples, and Joe Jennings for running
the nutrient samples. Cheryl Morgan and Jennifer Fisher helped with some
of the data analyses. Leah Feinberg and Tracy Shaw provided comments on
this manuscript. We are particular grateful to Rita A. Homer for
valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was funded jointly by
the China Scholarship Council for sponsoring the study abroad for
Xiuning Du and by the NOAA/MERHAB 2007 program project NH07NOS4780195,
Monitoring Oregon Coastal Harmful Algae (MOCHA). [SS]
NR 22
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 6
BP 784
EP 793
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.06.011
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 836LH
UT WOS:000296112700028
ER
PT J
AU Schwalbach, EJ
Davis, SH
Voorhees, PW
Wheeler, D
Warren, JA
AF Schwalbach, E. J.
Davis, S. H.
Voorhees, P. W.
Wheeler, D.
Warren, J. A.
TI Liquid droplet dynamics and complex morphologies in vapor-liquid-solid
nanowire growth
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-FIELD MODELS; SILICON NANOWIRES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ELECTRICAL
DETECTION; ADVANCING INTERFACE; SURFACE MIGRATION; DIFFUSE-INTERFACE;
CONTACT LINES; GAS SYSTEMS; SOLIDIFICATION
AB The morphology of semiconducting nanowires, including kinked and branched wires, must be controlled in order to produce functional devices. Here, we describe some of the experimental and theoretical work involving complex morphologies of Au-catalyzed Si nanowires grown using the vapor-liquid-solid technique. Although there is a broad parameter space to explore, experiments have highlighted the importance of the precursor and impurity partial pressures on kinking behavior. Theoretical and modeling work has indicated that the stability of and transitions in droplet configuration are important for growth direction changes that can lead to complex morphologies. We describe recent phase-field simulations of nanowire growth that address the dynamics of liquid droplets during vapor-liquid-solid growth, as well as the implications of these results for the formation of wires with complex morphology.
C1 [Schwalbach, E. J.; Voorhees, P. W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Davis, S. H.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Wheeler, D.; Warren, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Voorhees, PW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM p-voorhees@northwestern.edu
RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009; Davis, Stephen /B-7344-2009; Wheeler,
Daniel/C-8994-2009; Schwalbach, Edwin/A-9678-2009; Warren,
James/B-1698-2008
OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418; Schwalbach,
Edwin/0000-0003-0966-245X; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206
FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0507053]; National Defense Science and
Engineering Graduate Fellowship
FX This research is supported by National Science Foundation Grant
CMMI-0507053. E.J.S. acknowledges support from a National Defense
Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Computational resources
were provided by the Quest cluster at Northwestern University. The
authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with A.M. Anderson, S.M. Roper,
and J. Tersoff.
NR 58
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 36
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 17
BP 2186
EP 2198
DI 10.1557/jmr.2011.96
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 836BT
UT WOS:000296083100007
ER
PT J
AU Hostetter, NJ
Evans, AF
Roby, DD
Collis, K
Hawbecker, M
Sandford, BP
Thompson, DE
Loge, FJ
AF Hostetter, Nathan J.
Evans, A. F.
Roby, D. D.
Collis, K.
Hawbecker, M.
Sandford, B. P.
Thompson, D. E.
Loge, F. J.
TI Relationship of External Fish Condition to Pathogen Prevalence and
Out-Migration Survival in Juvenile Steelhead
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; DELAYED MORTALITY;
MARKED ANIMALS; COHO SALMON; STRESS; PCR; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION
AB Understanding how the external condition of juvenile salmonids is associated with internal measures of health and subsequent out-migration survival can be valuable for population monitoring programs. This study investigated the use of a rapid, nonlethal, external examination to assess the condition of run-of-the-river juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss migrating from the Snake River to the Pacific Ocean. We compared the external condition (e. g., body injuries, descaling, external signs of disease, fin damage, and ectoparasite infestations) with (1) the internal condition of a steelhead as measured by the presence of selected pathogens detected by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction analysis and (2) out-migration survival through the Snake and Columbia rivers as determined by passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology. The results from steelhead captured and euthanized (n = 222) at Lower Monumental Dam on the lower Snake River in 2008 indicated that external condition was significantly correlated with selected measures of internal condition. The odds of testing positive for a pathogen were 39.2, 24.3, and 5.6 times greater for steelhead with severe or moderate external signs of disease or more than 20% descaling, respectively. Capture-recapture models of 22,451 PIT-tagged steelhead released at Lower Monumental Dam in 2007-2009 indicated that external condition was significantly correlated with juvenile survival. The odds of out-migration survival for steelhead with moderate or severe external signs of disease, more than 20% descaling, or severe fin damage were 5.7, 4.9, 1.6, and 1.3 times lower, respectively, than those for steelhead without these external conditions. This study effectively demonstrated that specific measures of external condition were associated with both the internal condition and out-migration survival of juvenile steelhead.
C1 [Hostetter, Nathan J.; Evans, A. F.; Collis, K.; Hawbecker, M.] Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA.
[Hostetter, Nathan J.; Roby, D. D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Sandford, B. P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Thompson, D. E.; Loge, F. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hostetter, NJ (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 52 SW Roosevelt Ave, Bend, OR 97702 USA.
EM nathan@realtimeresearch.com
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District
FX The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Walla Walla District (Project
Manager: Scott Dunmire) provided funding for this research and access to
the Lower Monumental Dam juvenile collection facility. M. Carper, B.
Cramer, J. Tennyson, and numerous technicians provided invaluable
assistance in the field. We thank M. Plummer and B. Spurgeon (USACE) who
provided access and logistical support at the juvenile fish facilities,
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission for access to the PIT Tag
Information System (PTAGIS), and NOAA fisheries for operation of the PIT
tag trawl and corresponding data. J. Adkins, D. Battaglia, K. Fone, S.
Lind, P. Loschl, and M. Price, provided services and logistical support
for which we are grateful. D. Noakes, C. Periera, and three anonymous
reviewers provided helpful comments that improved earlier drafts of the
manuscript.
NR 58
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1158
EP 1171
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.613303
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VM
UT WOS:000296143900002
ER
PT J
AU Berejikian, BA
Van Doornik, DM
Atkins, JJ
AF Berejikian, Barry A.
Van Doornik, Donald M.
Atkins, Jeffrey J.
TI Alternative Male Reproductive Phenotypes Affect Offspring Growth Rates
in Chinook Salmon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID MALE LIFE-HISTORY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ATLANTIC SALMON;
MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MALE MATURATION; SIZE; HATCHERY; SALAR; SELECTION;
TACTICS
AB Male age at maturity in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha is a heritable trait in which the physiological "decision" to mature depends on an individual's exceeding a body size or condition threshold at critical developmental periods. In Chinook salmon, high juvenile growth rates promote the so called "jack" male life history. Jack males mature 1 year earlier than the youngest females in a population and are substantially smaller than older (hereafter, "adult") males from the same population. We tested the hypothesis that the offspring of jack Chinook salmon males grow faster than the offspring of adult males, consistent with the heritability for age at maturity already demonstrated for this species. We controlled for maternal effects by artificially spawning individual jack and adult males with the same female, incubating the eggs, and testing offspring growth and survival in a common, quasinatural stream environment. Paternal life history had a significant effect on final length and weight over all stream channel sections combined. The mean difference in body size between the offspring of jack and adult males ranged from essentially none to 31% among the eight stream channel sections. The size differences we detected could significantly affect which fish mature and thereby suggest that paternal effects on juvenile growth rate constitute a plausible proximate mechanism in maintaining life history diversity in Chinook salmon. Maternal body size was positively correlated with offspring growth rate and egg size was negatively correlated with growth rate, suggesting that fairly complex mechanisms regulate the growth rate through early ontogeny. The effect of sire life history on offspring growth is consistent with estimates of high heritability for age at maturity in Chinook salmon and a genetic effect of alternative mating tactics on offspring performance.
C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Van Doornik, Donald M.; Atkins, Jeffrey J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX We thank Jim Skaar and the Trask River Hatchery for providing the adult
Chinook salmon used in this study, and Skip Tezak and Rob Endicott (NOAA
Fisheries) and Tim Hoffnagle (ODFW) for their help in spawning them. We
appreciate the coordination efforts of Ryan Couture from the Oregon
Hatchery Research Station. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power
Administration.
NR 52
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 25
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1206
EP 1212
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.618351
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VM
UT WOS:000296143900006
ER
PT J
AU Curtis, TH
Adams, DH
Burgess, GH
AF Curtis, Tobey H.
Adams, Douglas H.
Burgess, George H.
TI Seasonal Distribution and Habitat Associations of Bull Sharks in the
Indian River Lagoon, Florida: A 30-Year Synthesis
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CARCHARHINUS-LEUCAS; COASTAL LAGOONS; ATLANTIC COAST; NURSERY AREAS;
NORTHERN GULF; UNITED-STATES; TOMALES BAY; FRESH-WATER; ESTUARY;
MOVEMENTS
AB Many coastal shark species use shallow estuarine regions as nursery habitat, but there are considerable gaps in our understanding of the seasonal distribution and habitat use patterns of sharks within these systems. We compiled all available sampling data from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) along Florida's central Atlantic coast to examine the distribution of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas. The data synthesized in this study spanned the 30-year period 1975-2005 and included information on the seasonal distribution, size structure, and habitat associations of 449 bull sharks. For comparison, data from an additional 106 bull sharks captured in shelf waters adjacent to the IRL were also examined. The IRL is dominated by young-of-the-year (age-0) and juvenile bull sharks, which were most abundant during spring, summer, and autumn. Shark captures were most often associated with shallow freshwater creeks, power plant outfalls, ocean inlets, and seagrass habitats with temperatures greater than 20 degrees C, salinities of 10-30%, and dissolved oxygen concentrations between 4 and 7 mg/L. Juvenile bull sharks were found in waters with higher mean salinities than were age-0 sharks. Although the IRL is one of the most important bull shark nursery areas on the U. S. Atlantic coast, catch-per-unit-effort data indicate that bull shark abundance decreases with increasing latitude within and north of the IRL, suggesting that the IRL is the northern limit of functional nursery habitat for this species in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.
C1 [Curtis, Tobey H.; Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Program Shark Res, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Adams, Douglas H.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
RP Curtis, TH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Reg Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
EM tobey.curtis@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Highly Migratory Species
Division
FX We express our gratitude to the individuals and organizations that
shared bull shark records for this study including F. Snelson, F. Murru,
M. Stolen, L. Ehrhart, R. Paperno, S. Kubis, D. Bagley, J. Provancha, S.
Tyson, and Cape Canaveral Scientific, Inc. For assistance with field
work we acknowledge T. Vigliotti, T. Ford, E. Reyier, B. Delius, and
numerous other volunteers. F. Snelson, D. Parkyn, M. Heupel, and E.
Phlips provided helpful guidance over the course of this study. A.
Morgan and L. Hale provided bull shark data from the BLL observer
program. For logistical support and permitting we additionally thank the
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (permit 02R-718),
Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (permit SUP 35 Burgess), and
Canaveral National Seashore (Permit No. CANA-2002-SCI-0007). This
research was supported by a grant from the National Marine Fisheries
Service (NMFS) Highly Migratory Species Division to the National Shark
Research Consortium, and tagging supplies were provided by C. McCandless
and the NMFS Apex Predators Program, Cooperative Atlantic States Shark
Pupping and Nursery Survey (COASTSPAN). Comments provided by three
anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript.
NR 62
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1213
EP 1226
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.618352
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VM
UT WOS:000296143900007
ER
PT J
AU Fujiwara, M
Mohr, MS
Greenberg, A
Foott, JS
Bartholomew, JL
AF Fujiwara, Masami
Mohr, Michael S.
Greenberg, Aaron
Foott, J. Scott
Bartholomew, Jerri L.
TI Effects of Ceratomyxosis on Population Dynamics of Klamath Fall-Run
Chinook Salmon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; OREGON-CALIFORNIA;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SHASTA MYXOZOA; RIVER-BASIN; PARASITE; TIME;
MORTALITY; FISH; STEELHEAD
AB Animal populations are frequently infected by pathogens, but it is not always easy to determine the importance of pathogens to overall population dynamics. It is especially difficult to detect the effects of disease in population time series data because the effects are often local while overall population dynamics are also affected by larger-scale environmental factors. We overcame this difficulty by applying multivariate time series analysis to extract local effects from spawning abundance data and by comparing the survival rate of juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from two locations in the Klamath River basin of California, one of which is affected by a high concentration of the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta. To assess the effect of the disease (ceratomyxosis) caused by C. shasta on the population dynamics, we analyzed spatially structured abundance data for naturally spawning salmon and survival data for hatchery-released salmon for associations with exposure to C. shasta and stream discharge, another important factor with respect to ceratomyxosis in juvenile salmon. The results suggest that ceratomyxosis reduces the survival of the Chinook salmon that migrate through the location where parasite densities are highest and that this effect is also detectable in spawning abundance estimates.
C1 [Fujiwara, Masami; Greenberg, Aaron] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Fujiwara, Masami; Mohr, Michael S.; Greenberg, Aaron] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Foott, J. Scott] US Fish & Wildlife Serv Calif, Calif Nevada Fish Hlth Ctr, Anderson, CA 96007 USA.
[Bartholomew, Jerri L.] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 2258 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM fujiwara@tamu.edu
RI Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012
OI Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043
FU NOAA [NA07NMF4540337]; Bureau of Reclamation
FX This research was partially supported by NOAA grant NA07NMF4540337 and
the Bureau of Reclamation. We thank Richard Holt and Adam Ray of Oregon
State University for their contribution of data from the disease
monitoring study and Holly Davis of University of California, Santa
Cruz, for preparing the map. We also thank David Rundio and Tommy
Williams (National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science
Center) for their valuable comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript.
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U1 2
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1380
EP 1391
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.621811
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VM
UT WOS:000296143900023
ER
PT J
AU Chamberlin, JW
Essington, TE
Ferguson, JW
Quinn, TP
AF Chamberlin, Joshua W.
Essington, Timothy E.
Ferguson, John W.
Quinn, Thomas P.
TI The Influence of Hatchery Rearing Practices on Salmon Migratory
Behavior: Is the Tendency of Chinook Salmon to Remain within Puget Sound
Affected by Size and Date of Release?
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA;
LIFE-HISTORY; SEAWARD MIGRATION; PACIFIC SALMON; MARINE GROWTH;
FRESH-WATER; BALTIC SEA; WASHINGTON
AB The marine migrations of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., and especially Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, vary greatly in duration and spatial extent. In Puget Sound, Washington, most Chinook salmon migrate from freshwater to the coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean before returning to spawn in their natal streams. However, some leave freshwater but remain in the semi-estuarine waters of Puget Sound until they mature and then return to freshwater to spawn. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of rearing conditions and hatchery location on the prevalence of this alternative pattern of marine distribution by hatchery-produced Chinook salmon in Puget Sound. We used coded wire tag recovery data to analyze the effect of release region, age, size, and date of release on the proportion of fish showing resident-type behavior, defined as recovery in Puget Sound fisheries outside the period when maturing salmon return from the coast. Based on 226 different release groups from 26 hatcheries throughout Puget Sound from 1972 to 1993, 24% of the fish recovered were classified as residents, though this is not an actual estimate of the percentage of fish displaying this distribution pattern. The best single predictor of residency was release region, suggesting that where fish enter the marine environment had the largest influence on whether they adopted resident behavior or migrated directly to the ocean. The overall best model included an interactive effect between release region and size at release, revealing that the propensity of large fish to remain resident varied significantly among regions. The actual mechanisms that create the diversity of distribution patterns are still unknown, but the effects of rearing conditions and release location provide useful information for the management of these salmon populations.
C1 [Chamberlin, Joshua W.; Essington, Timothy E.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Ferguson, John W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Chamberlin, JW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM joshua.chamberlin@noaa.gov
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Fish Ecology Division; Washington
State Recreation and Conservation Office
FX Funding for this project was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science
Center, Fish Ecology Division, and the Washington State Recreation and
Conservation Office. We thank Kurt Fresh, Rich Zabel, Edmundo Casillas,
Kate Myers, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments
on this manuscript.
NR 55
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 5
BP 1398
EP 1408
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.623993
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 836VM
UT WOS:000296143900025
ER
PT J
AU Verdal, N
Zhou, W
Stavila, V
Her, JH
Yousufuddin, M
Yildirim, T
Udovic, TJ
AF Verdal, Nina
Zhou, Wei
Stavila, Vitalie
Her, Jae-Hyuk
Yousufuddin, Muhammed
Yildirim, Taner
Udovic, Terrence J.
TI Alkali and alkaline-earth metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates: Probing
structural variations via neutron vibrational spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems, Fundamentals and
Applications (MH2010)
CY JUL 19-23, 2010
CL Moscow, RUSSIA
SP Lomonosov Moscow State Univ
DE Boron hydride; Density functional theory;
Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate; Neutron vibrational spectroscopy; Phonon
density of states; First principles calculations
ID HYDROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; LIBH4
AB The hydrogen-weighted phonon densities of states for the series of alkali (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and alkaline-earth (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) metal dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates, A(2)B(12)H(12) and AeB(12)H(12), were measured via neutron vibrational spectroscopy (NVS). Using the known crystal structures, density functional theory (DFT) phonon calculations were able to closely replicate the observed vibrational spectra. The spectral details were found to differ considerably with structure, indicating that the internal vibrations of the B(12)H(12)(2-) icosahedral anions are sensitive to symmetry-dependent interactions with their crystal surroundings. In contrast, these internal vibrations were relatively unchanged among isomorphic A(2)B(12)H(12) and AeB(12)H(12) compounds possessing different metal cations. These results confirm that the combination of NVS and DFT phonon calculations can be used to help validate postulated local crystal symmetries in these types of materials, even in instances where the ordering is only short-range, rendering the materials amorphous with respect to diffraction probes. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Verdal, Nina; Zhou, Wei; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Yousufuddin, Muhammed; Yildirim, Taner; Udovic, Terrence J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhou, Wei; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Yousufuddin, Muhammed] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Verdal, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Stavila,
Vitalie/B-6464-2008
OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Stavila, Vitalie/0000-0003-0981-0432
NR 20
TC 17
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U1 2
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 509
SU 2
BP S694
EP S697
DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.024
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 830YK
UT WOS:000295695500039
ER
PT J
AU Wong-Ng, W
Kaduk, JA
Espinal, L
Suchomel, MR
Allen, AJ
Wu, H
AF Wong-Ng, W.
Kaduk, J. A.
Espinal, L.
Suchomel, M. R.
Allen, A. J.
Wu, H.
TI High-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction study of
bis(2-methylimidazolyl)-zinc, C8H10N4Zn (ZIF-8)
SO POWDER DIFFRACTION
LA English
DT Article
DE zeolite; ZIF-8; synchrotron diffraction; reference XRD pattern; PDF
ID ZEOLITIC IMIDAZOLATE FRAMEWORKS; SYSTEM
AB The family of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) compounds is efficient sorbent materials that can be used for catalytic, ion exchange, gas storage, and gas separation applications. A high-resolution reference X-ray powder diffraction pattern for one of the ZIF members, bis(2-methylimidazolyl)-zinc, C8H10N4Zn (commonly known as ZIF-8), was determined using synchrotron diffraction data obtained at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in Argonne, IL. The sample was confirmed to be cubic I-43m, with a = 17.01162(6) angstrom, V = 4932.08 angstrom(3), and Z = 12. The reference X-ray powder diffraction pattern has been submitted for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). (C) 2011 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [DOI: 10.1154/1.3625701]
C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Espinal, L.; Allen, A. J.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA.
[Suchomel, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Wu, H.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Suchomel, Matthew/C-5491-2015;
OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; SUCHOMEL, Matthew/0000-0002-9500-5079
FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was
supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This
work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 15
TC 5
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U1 4
U2 30
PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA
PI NEWTOWN SQ
PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA
SN 0885-7156
J9 POWDER DIFFR
JI Powder Diffr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 26
IS 3
BP 234
EP 237
DI 10.1154/1.3625701
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 834YK
UT WOS:000296000200002
ER
PT J
AU Reitsma, MG
Gates, RS
Friedman, LH
Cook, RF
AF Reitsma, Mark G.
Gates, Richard S.
Friedman, Lawrence H.
Cook, Robert F.
TI Prototype cantilevers for quantitative lateral force microscopy
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID TORSIONAL SPRING CONSTANT; FRICTION MEASUREMENTS; TRIBOLOGY;
CALIBRATION; STIFFNESS; MEMS; TIP
AB Prototype cantilevers are presented that enable quantitative surface force measurements using contact-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). The "hammerhead" cantilevers facilitate precise optical lever system calibrations for cantilever flexure and torsion, enabling quantifiable adhesion measurements and friction measurements by lateral force microscopy (LFM). Critically, a single hammerhead cantilever of known flexural stiffness and probe length dimension can be used to perform both a system calibration as well as surface force measurements in situ, which greatly increases force measurement precision and accuracy. During LFM calibration mode, a hammerhead cantilever allows an optical lever "torque sensitivity" to be generated for the quantification of LFM friction forces. Precise calibrations were performed on two different AFM instruments, in which torque sensitivity values were specified with sub-percent relative uncertainty. To examine the potential for accurate lateral force measurements using the prototype cantilevers, finite element analysis predicted measurement errors of a few percent or less, which could be reduced via refinement of calibration methodology or cantilever design. The cantilevers are compatible with commercial AFM instrumentation and can be used for other AFM techniques such as contact imaging and dynamic mode measurements. [doi:10.1063/1.3624700]
C1 [Reitsma, Mark G.; Gates, Richard S.; Friedman, Lawrence H.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Reitsma, MG (reprint author), NIST, Nanomech Properties Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Friedman, Lawrence/G-5650-2011
OI Friedman, Lawrence/0000-0003-2416-9903
FU National Science Foundation [ECS 03-35765]
FX Microfabrication was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology (CNST-Gaithersburg, MD), as well as at the
Cornell NanoScale Facility (CNF-Ithaca, NY), which is a member of the
National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, supported by the
National Science Foundation (Grant ECS 03-35765).
NR 39
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U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 9
AR 093706
DI 10.1063/1.3624700
PG 23
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 829XX
UT WOS:000295621100028
PM 21974593
ER
PT J
AU Schwan, D
Ade, PAR
Basu, K
Bender, AN
Bertoldi, F
Cho, HM
Chon, G
Clarke, J
Dobbs, M
Ferrusca, D
Gusten, R
Halverson, NW
Holzapfel, WL
Horellou, C
Johansson, D
Johnson, BR
Kennedy, J
Kermish, Z
Kneissl, R
Lanting, T
Lee, AT
Lueker, M
Mehl, J
Menten, KM
Muders, D
Pacaud, F
Plagge, T
Reichardt, CL
Richards, PL
Schaaf, R
Schilke, P
Sommer, MW
Spieler, H
Tucker, C
Weiss, A
Westbrook, B
Zahn, O
AF Schwan, D.
Ade, P. A. R.
Basu, K.
Bender, A. N.
Bertoldi, F.
Cho, H. -M.
Chon, G.
Clarke, John
Dobbs, M.
Ferrusca, D.
Guesten, R.
Halverson, N. W.
Holzapfel, W. L.
Horellou, C.
Johansson, D.
Johnson, B. R.
Kennedy, J.
Kermish, Z.
Kneissl, R.
Lanting, T.
Lee, A. T.
Lueker, M.
Mehl, J.
Menten, K. M.
Muders, D.
Pacaud, F.
Plagge, T.
Reichardt, C. L.
Richards, P. L.
Schaaf, R.
Schilke, P.
Sommer, M. W.
Spieler, H.
Tucker, C.
Weiss, A.
Westbrook, B.
Zahn, O.
TI Invited Article: Millimeter-wave bolometer array receiver for the
Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE astronomical telescopes; bolometers; clusters of galaxies; cosmology;
cryogenics; focal planes; frequency-domain analysis; millimetre wave
receivers; sorption
ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; 225-GHZ ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY; COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE;
ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; GALAXY CLUSTERS; SERIES ARRAY; WAVELENGTH;
CAMERA; FLUCTUATIONS; TEMPERATURE
AB The Atacama pathfinder experiment Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (APEX-SZ) instrument is a millimeter-wave cryogenic receiver designed to observe galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from the 12 m APEX telescope on the Atacama plateau in Chile. The receiver contains a focal plane of 280 superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers instrumented with a frequency-domain multiplexed readout system. The bolometers are cooled to 280 mK via a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator and a mechanical pulse-tube cooler. Three warm mirrors, two 4 K lenses, and a horn array couple the TES bolometers to the telescope. APEX-SZ observes in a single frequency band at 150 GHz with 1' angular resolution and a 22' field-of-view, all well suited for cluster mapping. The APEX-SZ receiver has played a key role in the introduction of several new technologies including TES bolometers, the frequency-domain multiplexed readout, and the use of a pulse-tube cooler with bolometers. As a result of these new technologies, the instrument has a higher instantaneous sensitivity and covers a larger field-of-view than earlier generations of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich instruments. The TES bolometers have a median sensitivity of 890 mu K-CMB root s (NEy of 3.5 x 10(-4) root s). We have also demonstrated upgraded detectors with improved sensitivity of 530 mu K-CMB root s (NEy of 2.2 x 10(-4) root s). Since its commissioning in April 2007, APEX-SZ has been used to map 48 clusters. We describe the design of the receiver and its performance when installed on the APEX telescope. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3637460]
C1 [Schwan, D.; Clarke, John; Ferrusca, D.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Johnson, B. R.; Kermish, Z.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Mehl, J.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Richards, P. L.; Westbrook, B.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales.
[Basu, K.; Bertoldi, F.; Pacaud, F.; Schaaf, R.; Sommer, M. W.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany.
[Bender, A. N.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cho, H. -M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Chon, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Clarke, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Lanting, T.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
[Guesten, R.; Menten, K. M.; Muders, D.; Schilke, P.; Sommer, M. W.; Weiss, A.] Max Planck Inst Radio Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
[Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Horellou, C.; Johansson, D.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden.
[Kneissl, R.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile.
[Kneissl, R.] Atacama Large Millimeter Array Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile.
[Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Schwan, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM schwan@berkeley.edu
RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015;
OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Tucker,
Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918
FU National Science Foundation [AST-0138348, AST-0709497]; Office of
Science, Office of High Energy, and Nuclear Physics; Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering
Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute
for Advanced Research; Canada Research Chairs program; Alfred P. Sloan
Research Fellowships; Swedish Research Council; MPG Berkeley-Munich
fund; Deutsches Zemtrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50 OR 1003]
FX APEX-SZ is funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos.
AST-0138348 and AST-0709497. Work at LBNL is supported by the Director,
Office of Science, Office of High Energy, and Nuclear Physics (ATL and
HS), and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (JC, collaboration
on development of SQUID multiplexer), of the U.S. Department of Energy
under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at McGill is supported by the
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and Canada Research Chairs
program. N.W.H. and M. D. acknowledge support from Alfred P. Sloan
Research Fellowships. C. H. and D.J. acknowledge financial support from
the Swedish Research Council. R. K. acknowledges partial financial
support from MPG Berkeley-Munich fund. F. P. acknowledges support from
Grant No. 50 OR 1003 of the Deutsches Zemtrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt.
NR 66
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 9
AR 091301
DI 10.1063/1.3637460
PG 24
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 829XX
UT WOS:000295621100001
PM 21974566
ER
PT J
AU Gangopadhyay, A
Lermusiaux, PFJ
Rosenfeld, L
Robinson, AR
Calado, L
Kim, HS
Leslie, WG
Haley, PJ
AF Gangopadhyay, Avijit
Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.
Rosenfeld, Leslie
Robinson, Allan R.
Calado, Leandro
Kim, Hyun Sook
Leslie, Wayne G.
Haley, Patrick J., Jr.
TI The California Current System: A multiscale overview and the development
of a feature-oriented regional modeling system (FORMS)
SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE California; Current System; Feature models; FORMS; Upwelling; Data
assimilation
ID COASTAL TRANSITION ZONE; MULTIVARIATE GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS; WATER MASS
CHARACTERISTICS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; DATA ASSIMILATION; MONTEREY
BAY; SUBMESOSCALE TRANSITION; COLD FILAMENTS; POINT ARENA; PHYTOPLANKTON
PIGMENT
AB Over the past decade, the feature-oriented regional modeling methodology has been developed and applied in several ocean domains, including the western North Atlantic and tropical North Atlantic. This methodology is model-independent and can be utilized with or without satellite and/or in situ observations. Here we develop new feature-oriented models for the eastern North Pacific from 36 degrees to 48 degrees N - essentially, most of the regional eastern boundary current. This is the first time feature-modeling has been applied to a complex eastern boundary current system. As a prerequisite to feature modeling, prevalent features that comprise the multiscale and complex circulation in the California Current system (CCS) are first overviewed. This description is based on contemporary understanding of the features and their dominant space and time scales of variability. A synergistic configuration of circulation features interacting with one another on multiple and sometimes overlapping space and time scales as a meander-eddy-upwelling system is presented. The second step is to define the feature-oriented regional modeling system (FORMS). The major multiscale circulation features include the mean flow and southeastward meandering jet(s) of the California Current (CC), the poleward flowing California Undercurrent (CUC), and six upwelling regions along the coastline. Next, the typical synoptic width, location, vertical extent, and core characteristics of these features and their dominant scales of variability are identified from past observational, theoretical and modeling studies. The parameterized features are then melded with the climatology, in situ and remotely sensed data, as available.
The methodology is exemplified here for initialization of primitive-equation models. Dynamical simulations are run as nowcasts and short-term (4-6 weeks) forecasts using these feature models (FM) as initial fields and the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) for dynamics. The set of simulations over a 40-day period illustrate the applicability of FORMS to a transient eastern boundary current region such as the CCS. Comparisons are made with simulations initialized from climatology only. The FORMS approach increases skill in several factors, including the: (i) maintenance of the low-salinity pool in the core of the CC; (ii) representation of eddy activity inshore of the coastal transition zone; (iii) realistic eddy kinetic energy evolution; (iv) subsurface (intermediate depth) mesoscale feature evolution; and (v) deep poleward flow evolution. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Gangopadhyay, Avijit] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
[Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.; Leslie, Wayne G.; Haley, Patrick J., Jr.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Rosenfeld, Leslie] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA.
[Robinson, Allan R.] Harvard Univ, Div Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Calado, Leandro] Marinha Brasil, Inst Estudos Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira IEAPM, BR-28930000 Arraial Do Cabo, RJ, Brazil.
[Kim, Hyun Sook] NCEP, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Gangopadhyay, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Suite 325,200 Mill Rd, Fairhaven, MA 02719 USA.
EM Avijit@umassd.edu
RI Lermusiaux, Pierre/H-6003-2011
FU Office of Naval Research at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth
[N00014-03-1-0411, N00014-03-1-0206]; ONR [N00014-03-WR-20009,
N00014-08-1-1097, N00014-08-1-0680]; MURI-ASAP
FX This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research grants
N00014-03-1-0411 and N00014-03-1-0206 at the University of Massachusetts
at Dartmouth. Leslie Rosenfeld's participation was supported by ONR
grant N00014-03-WR-20009. PFJL, PJH and WGL are grateful to ONR for
support under grant N00014-08-1-1097, N00014-08-1-0680 and MURI-ASAP to
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Our special thanks to Dr. Jim
Bellingham and his group at MBARI for numerous informative discussions
and for making the data available from the MUSE and AOSN2 experiments.
We are grateful to all who contributed to this effort by providing
datasets. We especially acknowledge Drs. Ken Brink, Tommy Dickey,
Francisco Chavez, Toby Garfield, Alex Warn-Varnas, Shaun Johnston, Curt
Collins, Margaret McManus, Libe Washburn, and Erika McPhee-Shaw for
their help and support in procuring the datasets from various sources.
We also learned from discussions with Steve Ramp, Naomi Leonard, Russ
Davis and Dave Fratantoni. We appreciate the editorial assistance
provided by Mr. Frank Smith and graphics help of Ms. Carolina Nobre at
SMAST. Finally, we are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their
insightful comments and encouragement for an earlier version of this
manuscript, which led to substantial improvement of the presentation. We
also thank Art Miller for his editing work and comments. This is an AOSN
and MBO6 Contribution. This is number 11-0102 in the SMAST Contribution
Series, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of
Massachusetts Dartmouth.
NR 151
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0265
EI 1872-6879
J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS
JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 131
EP 169
DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2011.04.003
PG 39
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
GA 828KD
UT WOS:000295499000009
ER
PT J
AU Mariano, AJ
Kourafalou, VH
Srinivasan, A
Kang, H
Halliwell, GR
Ryan, EH
Roffer, M
AF Mariano, A. J.
Kourafalou, V. H.
Srinivasan, A.
Kang, H.
Halliwell, G. R.
Ryan, E. H.
Roffer, M.
TI On the modeling of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
DE Numerical model; Lagrangian trajectory prediction; Oil spill
ID COORDINATE OCEAN MODEL; VERTICAL COORDINATE; DATA ASSIMILATION;
LAGRANGIAN DATA; HYCOM; SIMULATIONS; ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; PRODUCTS;
IMPACT
AB Two oil particle trajectory forecasting systems were developed and applied to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Both systems use ocean current fields from high-resolution numerical ocean circulation model simulations, Lagrangian stochastic models to represent unresolved sub-grid scale variability to advect oil particles, and Monte Carlo-based schemes for representing uncertain biochemical and physical processes. The first system assumes two-dimensional particle motion at the ocean surface, the oil is in one state, and the particle removal is modeled as a Monte Carlo process parameterized by a one number removal rate. Oil particles are seeded using both initial conditions based on observations and particles released at the location of the Maconda well. The initial conditions (ICs) of oil particle location for the two-dimensional surface oil trajectory forecasts are based on a fusing of all available information including satellite-based analyses. The resulting oil map is digitized into a shape file within which a polygon filling software generates longitude and latitude with variable particle density depending on the amount of oil present in the observations for the IC. The more complex system assumes three (light, medium, heavy) states for the oil, each state has a different removal rate in the Monte Carlo process, three-dimensional particle motion, and a particle size-dependent oil mixing model.
Simulations from the two-dimensional forecast system produced results that qualitatively agreed with the uncertain "truth" fields. These simulations validated the use of our Monte Carlo scheme for representing oil removal by evaporation and other weathering processes. Eulerian velocity fields for predicting particle motion from data-assimilative models produced better particle trajectory distributions than a free running model with no data assimilation. Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional oil particle trajectory, whose ensembles were generated by perturbing the size of the oil particles and the fraction in a given size range that are released at depth, the two largest unknowns in this problem. 36 realizations of the model were run with only subsurface oil releases. An average of these results yields that after three months, about 25% of the oil remains in the water column and that most of the oil is below 800 m. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Mariano, A. J.; Kourafalou, V. H.; Srinivasan, A.; Kang, H.; Ryan, E. H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Halliwell, G. R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Washington, DC USA.
[Roffer, M.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc ROFFS, Melbourne, FL USA.
[Roffer, M.] Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL USA.
[Srinivasan, A.] Univ Miami, Ctr Computat Sci, Miami, FL USA.
RP Mariano, AJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM amariano@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011
OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X
FU University of Miami Center for Computational Science
FX We are grateful to Pat Hogan and Ole-Martin Smedstad (Naval Research Lab
- Stennis Space Center) for providing the GoM-HYCOM velocity fields, to
Chuanmin Hu (IMARS/USF) for providing one of the sets of satellite based
oil particle locations used for the initial conditions, and to Rick
Lumpkin for providing the drifter data for the model-data comparisons.
The three-dimensional calculations were made possible by the University
of Miami Center for Computational Science and we are very grateful for
their support of our research. In recognizing the historical proportions
of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the authors responded in real time
as part of the oceanographic community's volunteer response. Partial
support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NA10OAR4320143 to G. Halliwell, V. Kourafalou and A. Srinivasan) and
the National Science Foundation (OCE0929651 to V. Kourafalou and
OCE1048697 to C. Paris, V. Kourafalou and A. Srinivasan) are greatly
appreciated. A. Srinivasan gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.
of Miami Center for Computational Science.
NR 35
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U1 5
U2 49
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0265
J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS
JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 322
EP 340
DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2011.06.001
PG 19
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Oceanography
GA 828KD
UT WOS:000295499000016
ER
PT J
AU Maddy, ES
King, TS
Sun, HB
Wolf, WW
Barnet, CD
Heidinger, A
Cheng, ZH
Goldberg, MD
Gambacorta, A
Zhang, C
Zhang, KX
AF Maddy, Eric S.
King, Thomas S.
Sun, Haibing
Wolf, Walter W.
Barnet, Christopher D.
Heidinger, Andrew
Cheng, Zhaohui
Goldberg, Mitchell D.
Gambacorta, Antonia
Zhang, Chen
Zhang, Kexin
TI Using MetOp-A AVHRR Clear-Sky Measurements to Cloud-Clear MetOp-A IASI
Column Radiances
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIRS; ATMOSPHERES; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PRODUCTS
AB High spatial resolution measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the Meteorological Operation (MetOp)-A satellite that are collocated to the footprints from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the satellite are exploited to improve and quality control cloud-cleared radiances obtained from the IASI. For a partial set of mostly ocean MetOp-A orbits collected on 3 October 2010 for latitudes between 70 degrees S and 75 degrees N, these cloud-cleared radiances and clear-sky subpixel AVHRR measurements within the IASI footprint agree to better than 0.25-K root-mean-squared difference for AVHRR window channels with almost zero bias. For the same dataset, surface skin temperatures retrieved using the combined AVHRR. IASI. and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) cloud-clearing algorithm match well with ECMWF model surface skin temperatures over ocean, yielding total uncertainties <= 1.2 K for scenes with up to 97% cloudiness.
C1 [Maddy, Eric S.; King, Thomas S.; Sun, Haibing; Gambacorta, Antonia; Zhang, Chen; Zhang, Kexin] Dell Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
[Wolf, Walter W.; Barnet, Christopher D.; Heidinger, Andrew; Cheng, Zhaohui; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Maddy, ES (reprint author), Dell Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA.
EM eric.maddy@noaa.gov
RI Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Gambacorta,
Antonia/E-7937-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Maddy,
Eric/G-3683-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Gambacorta,
Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Heidinger,
Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
FU NOAA Office of System Development (OSD) Product Systems Development and
Integration (PSDI)
FX This work was supported by NOAA Office of System Development (OSD)
Product Systems Development and Integration (PSDI) funding. The authors
wish to thank ECMWF for the model data, EUMETSAT, and Murty Divakarla
for discussions related to this work. The views, opinions, and findings
contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be
construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or U.S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 23
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U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1104
EP 1116
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05045.1
PG 13
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826ZJ
UT WOS:000295393800004
ER
PT J
AU Zamora, RJ
Ralph, FM
Clark, E
Schneider, T
AF Zamora, Robert J.
Ralph, F. Martin
Clark, Edward
Schneider, Timothy
TI The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed Soil Moisture Observing Networks:
Design, Instrumentation, and Preliminary Results
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; WEATHER; SNOWPACK; SERVICE; SYSTEM
AB The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program has deployed soil moisture observing networks in the watersheds of the Russian River and the North Fork (NF) of the American River in northern California, and the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. These networks were designed to serve the combined needs of the hydrological, meteorological, agricultural, and climatological communities for observations of soil moisture on time scales that range from minutes to decades.
The networks are a major component of the HMT program that has been developed to accelerate the development and infusion of new observing technologies, modeling methods, and recent scientific research into the National Weather Service (NWS) offices and to help focus research and development efforts on key hydrological and meteorological forecast problems. These forecast problems are not only of interest to the NWS, but they also play a crucial role in providing input to water managers who work at the national, state, and local government levels to provide water for human consumption, agriculture, and other needs.
The HMT soil moisture networks have been specifically designed to capture the changes in soil moisture that are associated with heavy precipitation events and runoff from snowpack during the melt season. This paper describes the strategies used to site the networks and sensors as well as the selection, testing, and calibration of the soil moisture probes. In addition, two illustrative examples of the data gathered by the networks are shown.
The first example shows changes in soil moisture observed before and during a flood event on the Babocomari River tributary of the San Pedro River near Sierra Vista, Arizona, on 23 July 2008. The second example examines a 5-yr continuous time series of soil moisture gathered at Healdsburg, California. The time series illustrates the transition from a multiyear wet period to exceptionally dry conditions from a soil moisture perspective.
C1 [Zamora, Robert J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Water Cycle Branch, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Clark, Edward] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Colorado River Basin Forecast Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
RP Zamora, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Water Cycle Branch, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM robert.j.zamora@noaa.gov
RI Schneider, Timothy/D-2832-2015
FU NOAA/NWS; U.S. Forest Service offices in the Tahoe; Coronado National
Forests
FX The authors thank Gary Carter (NOAA/NWS) for his vision and support in
the establishment of the Arizona Soil Moisture network. Clark King,
Daniel Gottas, Jesse Leach, Scott Abott, Tom Ayers, Lucas Avery, and
Tina Schiffbauer, (NOAA/ESRL), have played a central role in the
development, deployment, and maintenance of the HMT soil moisture
networks. Paul Neiman (NOAA/ESRL) provided the atmospheric rivers
climatology. Drs. Pedro Restrepo and Victor Koren of NOAA/OHD and the
three anonymous reviews provided us with thorough reviews. We would also
like to thank the U.S. Forest Service offices in the Tahoe and Coronado
National Forests for their support in establishing observing sites. The
California Department of Forestry has graciously allowed us to place
observing stations at live fire station locations along the Russian
River and the North Fork of the American River.
NR 22
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U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1129
EP 1140
DI 10.1175/2010JTECHA1465.1
PG 12
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826ZJ
UT WOS:000295393800006
ER
PT J
AU Dong, CM
Liu, Y
Lumpkin, R
Lankhorst, M
Chen, D
McWilliams, JC
Guan, YP
AF Dong, Changming
Liu, Yu
Lumpkin, Rick
Lankhorst, Matthias
Chen, Dake
McWilliams, James C.
Guan, Yuping
TI A Scheme to Identify Loops from Trajectories of Oceanic Surface
Drifters: An Application in the Kuroshio Extension Region
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EDDY; EDDIES
AB When a drifter is trapped in an eddy, it makes either a cycloidal or a looping trajectory. The former case takes place when the translating speed is larger than the eddy spinning speed. When the background mean velocity is removed, drifter trajectories make loops. Thus, eddies can be detected from a drifter trajectory by identifying looping segments. In this paper, an automated scheme is developed to identify looping segments from Lagrangian trajectories, based on a geometric definition of a loop, that is, a closing curve with its starting point overlapped by its ending point. The scheme is to find the first returning point, if it exists, along a trajectory of a surface drifter with a few other criteria. To further increase the chance that detected loops are eddies, it is considered that a loop identifies an eddy only when the loop's spinning period is longer than the local inertial period and shorter than the seasonal scale, and that at least two consecutive loops with the same polarity that stay sufficiently close are found. Five parameters that characterize an eddy are estimated by the scheme: location (eddy center), time (starting and ending time), period, polarity, and intensity. As an example, the scheme is applied to surface drifters in the Kuroshio Extension region. Results indicate that numbers of eddies are symmetrically distributed for cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, mean eddy sizes are 40-50 km, and eddy abundance is the highest along the Kuroshio path with more cyclonic eddies along its southern flank.
C1 [Dong, Changming; McWilliams, James C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Liu, Yu; Guan, Yuping] CAS, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Lankhorst, Matthias] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Chen, Dake] SIO SOA, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm & Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
RP Dong, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM cdong@atmos.ucla.edu
RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Guan, Yuping /A-1119-2015; Chen,
Dake/E-7082-2011
OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Guan, Yuping /0000-0003-2744-136X;
FU National Science Foundation [OCE 06-23011]; National Aeronautics and
Space Administration [NNX08AI84G]; National Basic Research Program of
China [2007CB411801]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX1-YW-12-4];
Ministry of Science and Technology [2008GR1335, 2007CB816005]; National
Science Foundation of China [40730843]
FX CD appreciates support from the National Science Foundation (OCE
06-23011) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant
NNX08AI84G). YL and YPG are supported by the National Basic Research
Program of China (2007CB411801) and the Knowledge Innovation program of
the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-YW-12-4). DC is supported by
research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology (2008GR1335,
2007CB816005) and the National Science Foundation of China (40730843).
During the preparation of the work, CD had extensive discussions with
Drs. Jonathan Lilly, Milena Veneziani, and Carter Ohlmann, and their
comments are much appreciated.
NR 24
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 9
BP 1167
EP 1176
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-10-05028.1
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 826ZJ
UT WOS:000295393800010
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, P
Yang, S
Wang, HJ
Zhang, Q
AF Zhao, Ping
Yang, Song
Wang, Huijun
Zhang, Qiang
TI Interdecadal Relationships between the Asian-Pacific Oscillation and
Summer Climate Anomalies over Asia, North Pacific, and North America
during a Recent 100 Years
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTION; MONSOON;
PRECIPITATION; 20TH-CENTURY; CIRCULATION; FREQUENCY; PATTERNS; CHINA
AB Summertime relationships between the Asian-Pacific Oscillation (APO) and climate anomalies over Asia, the North Pacific, and North America are examined on an interdecadal time scale. The values of APO were low from the 1880s to the mid-1910s and high from the 1920s to the 1940s. When the APO was higher, tropospheric temperatures were higher over Asia and lower over the Pacific and North America. From the low-APO decades to the high-APO decades, both upper-tropospheric highs and lower-tropospheric low pressure systems strengthened over South Asia and weakened over North America. As a result, anomalous southerly-southwesterly flow prevailed over the Asian monsoon region, meaning stronger moisture transport over Asia. On the contrary, the weakened upper-tropospheric high and lower-tropospheric low over North America caused anomalous sinking motion over the region. As a result, rainfall generally enhanced over the Asian monsoon regions and decreased over North America.
C1 [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Zhao, Ping; Zhang, Qiang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Ping] State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Huijun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM song.yang@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration/Climate Program Office; National Key Basic Research
Project of China [2009CB421404]; National Natural Science Foundation of
China [40921003, 40890053]
FX We thank the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory for providing the
20th Century Reanalysis V2 data products (online at
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/20thC_Rean). Support for the Twentieth
Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on
Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and
Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration/Climate Program Office. We also thank the
Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, for
providing the precipitation analysis dataset on the Internet. This work
was jointly sponsored by the National Key Basic Research Project of
China (2009CB421404) and the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (40921003 and 40890053).
NR 23
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 18
BP 4793
EP 4799
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00054.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823WN
UT WOS:000295158100002
ER
PT J
AU Gero, PJ
Turner, DD
AF Gero, P. Jonathan
Turner, David D.
TI Long-Term Trends in Downwelling Spectral Infrared Radiance over the US
Southern Great Plains
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TESTING CLIMATE MODELS; WATER-VAPOR; INTERFEROMETER AERI; PROFILES
AB A trend analysis was applied to a 14-yr time series of downwelling spectral infrared radiance observations from the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) located at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site in the U. S. Southern Great Plains. The highly accurate calibration of the AERI instrument, performed every 10 min, ensures that any statistically significant trend in the observed data over this time can be attributed to changes in the atmospheric properties and composition, and not to changes in the sensitivity or responsivity of the instrument. The measured infrared spectra, numbering more than 800 000, were classified as clear-sky, thin cloud, and thick cloud scenes using a neural network method. The AERI data record demonstrates that the downwelling infrared radiance is decreasing over this 14-yr period in the winter, summer, and autumn seasons but it is increasing in the spring; these trends are statistically significant and are primarily due to long-term change in the cloudiness above the site. The AERI data also show many statistically significant trends on annual, seasonal, and diurnal time scales, with different trend signatures identified in the separate scene classifications. Given the decadal time span of the dataset, effects from natural variability should be considered in drawing broader conclusions. Nevertheless, this dataset has high value owing to the ability to infer possible mechanisms for any trends from the observations themselves and to test the performance of climate models.
C1 [Gero, P. Jonathan] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA.
RP Gero, PJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM jonathan.gero@ssec.wisc.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division;
NASA [NNX08AP44G]; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER64167]
FX The data used in this analysis were obtained from the Atmospheric
Radiation Measurement Program( ARM) sponsored by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental
Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. This work was
supported by NASA Grant NNX08AP44G as part of the CLARREO program and by
DOE Grant DE-FG02-06ER64167 as part of the ARM Program. The authors
acknowledge contributions and discussions with our colleagues, Drs. Y.
Huang, R. Knuteson, S. Leroy, H. Revercomb, and D. Tobin.
NR 28
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Z9 6
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 18
BP 4831
EP 4843
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4210.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823WN
UT WOS:000295158100005
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, T
Hoerling, MP
Perlwitz, J
Sun, DZ
Murray, D
AF Zhang, Tao
Hoerling, Martin P.
Perlwitz, Judith
Sun, De-Zheng
Murray, Donald
TI Physics of US Surface Temperature Response to ENSO
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-NINO; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS;
WATER-VAPOR; COLD-TONGUE; LA-NINA; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS
AB To elucidate physical processes responsible for the response of U. S. surface temperatures to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the surface energy balance is diagnosed from observations, with emphasis on the role of clouds, water vapor, and land surface properties associated with snow cover and soil moisture. Results for the winter season (December-February) indicate that U. S. surface temperature conditions associated with ENSO are determined principally by anomalies in the surface radiative heating-the sum of absorbed solar radiation and downward longwave radiation. Each component of the surface radiative heating is linked with specific characteristics of the atmospheric hydrologic response to ENSO and also to feedbacks by the land surface response. During El Nino, surface warming over the northern United States is physically consistent with three primary processes: 1) increased downward solar radiation due to reduced cloud optical thickness, 2) reduced reflected solar radiation due to an albedo decline resulting from snow cover loss, and 3) increased downward longwave radiation linked to an increase in precipitable water. In contrast, surface cooling over the southern United States during El Nino is mainly the result of a reduction in incoming solar radiation resulting from increased cloud optical thickness. During La Nina, surface warming over the central United States results mainly from snow cover losses, whereas warming over the southern United States results mainly from a reduction in cloud optical thickness that yields increased incoming solar radiation and also from an increase in precipitable water that enhances the downward longwave radiation. For both phases of ENSO the surface radiation budget is closely linked to large-scale horizontal and vertical motions in the free atmosphere through two main processes: 1) the convergence of the atmospheric water vapor transport that largely determines cloud optical thickness and thereby affects incoming shortwave radiation and 2) the changes in tropospheric column temperature resulting from the characteristic atmospheric teleconnections that largely determine column precipitable water and thereby affect downward longwave radiation.
C1 [Zhang, Tao] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Zhang, T (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, R PSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tao.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442
FU NOAA Climate Program Office; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM
0553111, ATM 0852329]
FX This research was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office; De-Zheng
Sun was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Climate
Dynamics Program under ATM 0553111 and ATM 0852329. The lead author
thanks Dr. Yuanchong Zhang for helpful discussions.
NR 35
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U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 18
BP 4874
EP 4887
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI3944.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823WN
UT WOS:000295158100008
ER
PT J
AU Price, JE
Coulterpark, KA
Masiello, T
Nibler, JW
Weber, A
Maki, A
Blake, TA
AF Price, J. E.
Coulterpark, K. A.
Masiello, T.
Nibler, J. W.
Weber, A.
Maki, A.
Blake, T. A.
TI High-resolution infrared spectra of spiropentane, C5H8
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Spiropentane; High-resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational
constants; DFT study; Anharmonic frequencies
ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; NEMATIC SOLVENT; CYCLOBUTANE;
SPECTROSCOPY; PERTURBATIONS; RESONANCE; BANDS; NMR
AB Infrared spectra of spiropentane (C5H8) have been recorded at a resolution (0.002 cm(-1)) sufficient to resolve for the first time individual rovibrational lines. This initial report presents the ground state rotational constants for this molecule determined from the detailed analysis of the nu(16) (b(2)) parallel band at 993 cm(-1). In addition, the determination included more than 2000 ground state combination-differences deduced from partial analyses of four other infrared-allowed bands, the nu(24)(e) perpendicular band at 780 cm(-1) and three (b(2)) parallel bands at 1540 cm(-1) (nu(14)), 1568 cm(-1) (nu(5) + v(16)), and 2098 cm(-1) (nu(5) + nu(14)). In each of the latter four cases, the spectra show complications: in the case of nu(24), these complications are due to rotational l-type doublings, and in the case of the parallel bands, the spectral complexities are due to Fermi resonance and Coriolis interactions of the upper states with nearby levels. The unraveling of these is underway but the assignment of many of these transitions permit the confident use of the ground state differences in determining the following constants for the ground state (in units of cm(-1)): B-0 = 0.1394741(1), D-J = 2.461(1) x 10(-8), D-JK = 8.69(3) x 10(-8). For the unperturbed nu(16) fundamental, more than 3000 transitions were fit and the band origin was found to be at 992.53793(3) cm(-1). The numbers in parentheses are the uncertainties (two standard deviations) in the value of the last digit of the constants. Surprisingly, the very accurate B-0 value measured here is lower than the value (0.1418 cm(-1)) calculated from an electron diffraction structure, instead of being higher, as expected. Where possible, the rovibrational results are compared with those computed at the anharmonic level using the B3LYP density functional method with a cc-pVTZ basis set. These too suggest that the electron diffraction results are in question. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Price, J. E.; Coulterpark, K. A.; Nibler, J. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
[Masiello, T.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA.
[Weber, A.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Blake, T. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA.
EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu
FU Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Award; Department of
Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); United States Department of Energy
by the Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC0w5-76RLO 1830]
FX J. Nibler acknowledges a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist
Mentor Award which provided support of undergraduates Joseph Price and
Kathryn Coulterpark. The infrared spectra were recorded at the
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user
facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological
and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of
Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC0w5-76RLO
1830. We thank Robert Sams of PNNL for helpful advice and assistance in
recording the infrared spectra of spiropentane at this facility. We also
thank Professors Kenneth Hedberg of Oregon State University and Norman
Craig of Oberlin College for illuminating discussions of the electron
diffraction study of spiropentane and of subtleties of the Gaussian
calculations, respectively.
NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 269
IS 1
BP 129
EP 136
DI 10.1016/j.jms.2011.05.011
PG 8
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA 827JI
UT WOS:000295424400019
ER
PT J
AU Assael, MJ
Assael, JAM
Huber, ML
Perkins, RA
Takata, Y
AF Assael, M. J.
Assael, J. -A. M.
Huber, M. L.
Perkins, R. A.
Takata, Y.
TI Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Normal and Parahydrogen from
the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 100 MPa
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE critical phenomena; hydrogen; parahydrogen; thermal conductivity;
transport properties
ID GAS-MIXTURES; CRITICAL REGION; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; ABSOLUTE
MEASUREMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; HEAT-CONDUCTION; NORMAL HYDROGEN;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; NONPOLAR GASES; 0-DEGREES C
AB This paper contains new, representative equations for the thermal conductivity of normal and parahydrogen. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. Although there are sufficient data at normal temperatures, data at very low or very high temperatures as well as near the critical region are scarce. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a new theoretically based correlation was adopted, as it agreed very well with the existing data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1000 K and pressures up to 100 MPa for both normal hydrogen and parahydrogen. (C) 2011 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi: 10.1063/1.3606499]
C1 [Assael, M. J.; Assael, J. -A. M.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
[Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Takata, Y.] Kyushu Univ, Res Ctr Hydrogen Ind Use & Storage HYDROGENIUS, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol AIST, Int Inst Carbon Neutral Energy Res I2CNER,Nishi K, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
[Takata, Y.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
EM assael@auth.gr
RI Assael, Yannis/E-8160-2013; Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012
OI Assael, Yannis/0000-0001-7408-3847; Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899
NR 78
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
EI 1529-7845
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 3
AR 033101
DI 10.1063/1.3606499
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 829XQ
UT WOS:000295620100001
ER
PT J
AU Venaille, A
Vallis, GK
Smith, KS
AF Venaille, Antoine
Vallis, Geoffrey K.
Smith, K. Shafer
TI Baroclinic Turbulence in the Ocean: Analysis with Primitive Equation and
Quasigeostrophic Simulations
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; MULTIPLE ZONAL JETS; BETA-PLANE;
KINETIC-ENERGY; MIDOCEAN EDDIES; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; CIRCULATION
MODELS; WIND-DRIVEN; MEAN FLOW; TRANSPORT
AB This paper examines the factors determining the distribution, length scale, magnitude, and structure of mesoscale oceanic eddies in an eddy-resolving primitive equation simulation of the Southern Ocean [Modeling Eddies in the Southern Ocean (MESO)]. In particular, the authors investigate the hypothesis that the primary source of mesoscale eddies is baroclinic instability acting locally on the mean state. Using local mean vertical profiles of shear and stratification from an eddying primitive equation simulation, the forced dissipated quasigeostrophic equations are integrated in a doubly periodic domain at various locations. The scales, energy levels, and structure of the eddies found in the MESO simulation are compared to those predicted by linear stability analysis, as well as to the eddying structure of the quasigeostrophic simulations. This allows the authors to quantitatively estimate the role of local nonlinear effects and cascade phenomena in the generation of the eddy field.
There is a modest transfer of energy (an "inverse cascade") to larger scales in the horizontal, with the length scale of the resulting eddies typically comparable to or somewhat larger than the wavelength of the most unstable mode. The eddies are, however, manifestly nonlinear, and in many locations the turbulence is fairly well developed. Coherent structures also ubiquitously emerge during the nonlinear evolution of the eddy field. There is a near-universal tendency toward the production of grave vertical scales, with the barotropic and first baroclinic modes dominating almost everywhere, but there is a degree of surface intensification that is not captured by these modes. Although the results from the local quasigeostrophic model compare well with those of the primitive equation model in many locations, some profiles do not equilibrate in the quasigeostrophic model. In many cases, bottom friction plays an important quantitative role in determining the final scale and magnitude of eddies in the quasigeostrophic simulations.
C1 [Venaille, Antoine; Vallis, Geoffrey K.] GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Smith, K. Shafer] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY USA.
RP Venaille, A (reprint author), GFDL, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM venaille@princeton.edu
RI Smith, K. Shafer/A-4581-2017
OI Smith, K. Shafer/0000-0003-0740-3067
FU DOE [DE-SC0005189]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320752]
FX We thank Ross Tulloch for interesting discussions and two anonymous
reviewers that helped to improve the presentation of the manuscript.
This work was supported by DOE Grant DE-SC0005189 and NOAA Grant
NA08OAR4320752.
NR 54
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1605
EP 1623
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-10-05021.1
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 827QE
UT WOS:000295442200002
ER
PT J
AU Yu, LS
McPhaden, MJ
AF Yu, Lisan
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Ocean Preconditioning of Cyclone Nargis in the Bay of Bengal:
Interaction between Rossby Waves, Surface Fresh Waters, and Sea Surface
Temperatures
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL
VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON; BARRIER LAYER; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION;
MECHANISMS; RESOLUTION
AB An in-depth data analysis was conducted to understand the occurrence of a strong sea surface temperature (SST) front in the central Bay of Bengal before the formation of Cyclone Nargis in April 2008. Nargis changed its course after encountering the front and tracked along the front until making landfall. One unique feature of this SST front was its coupling with high sea surface height anomalies (SSHAs), which is unusual for a basin where SST is normally uncorrelated with SSHA. The high SSHAs were associated with downwelling Rossby waves, and the interaction between downwelling and surface fresh waters was a key mechanism to account for the observed SST SSHA coupling.
The near-surface salinity field in the bay is characterized by strong stratification and a pronounced horizontal gradient, with low salinity in the northeast. During the passage of downwelling Rossby waves, freshening of the surface layer was observed when surface velocities were southwestward. Horizontal convergence of freshwater associated with downwelling Rossby waves increased the buoyancy of the upper layer and caused the mixed layer to shoal to within a few meters of the surface. Surface heating trapped in the thin mixed layer caused the fresh layer to warm, whereas the increase in buoyancy from low-salinity waters enhanced the high SSHA associated with Rossby waves. Thus, high ssT coincided with high SSHA.
The dominant role of salinity in controlling high SSHA suggests that caution should be exercised when computing hurricane heat potential in the bay from SSHA. This situation is different from most tropical oceans, where temperature has the dominant effect on SSHA.
C1 [Yu, Lisan] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Yu, LS (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, MS 21, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM lyu@whoi.edu
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
FU NOAA/Office of Climate Observation (OCO)
FX This work was supported by the NOAA/Office of Climate Observation (OCO)
program. L. Yu thanks John Toole for stimulating discussions. We
sincerely thank Lynne Talley and two anonymous reviewers for
constructive reviews that led to significant improvements in the
manuscript. The authors acknowledge the TAO project office of NOAA/PMEL
for providing RAMA buoy measurements, NASA GPCP for the daily
precipitation product, Argo JAMSTEC for the gridded monthly salinity
product, AVISO for the weekly SSHA product, and NOAA/OISST for the daily
SST product.
NR 49
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1741
EP 1755
DI 10.1175/2011JPO4437.1
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 827QE
UT WOS:000295442200012
ER
PT J
AU Downes, SM
Gnanadesikan, A
Griffies, SM
Sarmiento, JL
AF Downes, Stephanie M.
Gnanadesikan, Anand
Griffies, Stephen M.
Sarmiento, Jorge L.
TI Water Mass Exchange in the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; AIR-SEA FLUXES; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION;
GLOBAL OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; FLOW PATTERNS; DEACON CELL; ICE;
SIMULATION; TRANSFORMATION
AB The authors estimate water mass transformation rates resulting from surface buoyancy fluxes and interior diapycnal fluxes in the region south of 30 degrees S in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) model-based state estimation and three free-running coupled climate models. The meridional transport of deep and intermediate waters across 30 degrees S agrees well between models and observationally based estimates in the Atlantic Ocean but not in the Indian and Pacific, where the model-based estimates are much smaller. Associated with this, in the models about half the southward-flowing deep water is converted into lighter waters and half is converted to denser bottom waters, whereas the observationally based estimates convert most of the inflowing deep water to bottom waters. In the models, both Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) are formed primarily via an interior diapycnal transformation rather than being transformed at the surface via heat or freshwater fluxes. Given the small vertical diffusivity specified in the models in this region, the authors conclude that other processes such as cabbeling and thermobaricity must be playing an important role in water mass transformation. Finally, in the models, the largest contribution of the surface buoyancy fluxes in the Southern Ocean is to convert Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and AAIW into lighter Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW).
C1 [Downes, Stephanie M.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Gnanadesikan, Anand; Griffies, Stephen M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Downes, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM sdownes@princeton.edu
RI Downes, Stephanie/A-1424-2012; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008
OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116
FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP); Office of Science
(BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64467]; NOAA
[NA07OAR4310096]
FX The authors wish to thank Jaime Palter for constructive discussion
regarding interpretation of the transformation analysis. We are thankful
for the help of Lynne Talley, Rick Lumpkin, and Bernadette Sloyan in
interpreting the observationally based estimates. We thank Jaime Palter,
Maxim Nikurashin, Allison Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for useful
comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the scientists at GFDL for
their modeling efforts. The state estimates were provided by the ECCO
Consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean
funded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP). This
research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department
of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-07ER64467 and NOAA Grant NA07OAR4310096.
NR 61
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1756
EP 1771
DI 10.1175/2011JPO4586.1
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 827QE
UT WOS:000295442200013
ER
PT J
AU Parr, AC
Johnson, BC
AF Parr, Albert C.
Johnson, B. Carol
TI The Use of Filtered Radiometers for Radiance Measurement
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calibration coefficients; detector-based calibrations; filtered
radiometer; mean wavelength; radiometry; spectral radiance
ID CALIBRATION; NM
AB A methodology for using a calibrated filter radiometer to measure and monitor the spectral radiance of calibration sources is described. An example is presented using the NIST calibration sphere source that is used to support the NASA Earth Observing remote-sensing program.
C1 [Parr, Albert C.] Joint NIST USURF Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
[Johnson, B. Carol] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Parr, AC (reprint author), Joint NIST USURF Program Opt Sensor Calibrat, Space Dynam Lab, 1695 N Res Pk Way, Logan, UT 84341 USA.
EM albert.parr@nist.gov; cjohnson@nist.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 5
BP 751
EP 760
DI 10.6028/jres.116.018
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 833FB
UT WOS:000295866500001
PM 26989597
ER
PT J
AU Wagner, RP
Nedzelnitsky, V
Fick, SE
AF Wagner, Randall P.
Nedzelnitsky, Victor
Fick, Steven E.
TI New Measurement Service for Determining Pressure Sensitivity of Type
LS2aP Microphones by the Reciprocity Method
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic measurements; acoustical calibration; calibration of
microphones; electroacoustics; laboratory standard microphone; measuring
microphone; microphone calibration; microphone pressure calibration;
microphone reciprocity calibration; pressure reciprocity calibration of
microphones; reciprocity calibration; standard microphones
AB A new National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) measurement service has been developed for determining the pressure sensitivities of American National Standards Institute and International Electrotechnical Commission type LS2aP laboratory standard microphones over the frequency range 31.5 Hz to 20 000 Hz. At most frequencies common to the new service and the old service, the values of the expanded uncertainties of the new service are one-half the corresponding values of the old service, or better. The new service uses an improved version of the system employed by NIST in the Consultative Committee for Acoustics, Ultrasound, and Vibration (CCAUV) key comparison CCAUV. A-K3. Measurements are performed using a long and a short air-filled plane-wave coupler. For each frequency in the range 31.5 Hz to 2000 Hz, the reported sensitivity level is the average of data from both couplers. For each frequency above 2000 Hz, the reported sensitivity level is determined with data from the short coupler only. For proof test data in the frequency range 31.5 Hz to 2000 Hz, the average absolute differences between data from the long and the short couplers are much smaller than the expanded uncertainties.
C1 [Wagner, Randall P.; Nedzelnitsky, Victor; Fick, Steven E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wagner, RP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM randall.wagner@nist.gov; victor.nedzelnitsky@nist.gov;
steven.fick@nist.gov
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 5
BP 761
EP 769
DI 10.6028/jres.116.019
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 833FB
UT WOS:000295866500002
PM 26989598
ER
PT J
AU Mills, KL
Filliben, JJ
AF Mills, Kevin L.
Filliben, James J.
TI Comparison of Two Dimension-Reduction Methods for Network Simulation
Models
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE correlation analysis; dimension reduction; network simulation; principal
components analysis
AB Experimenters characterize the behavior of simulation models for data communications networks by measuring multiple responses under selected parameter combinations. The resulting multivariate data may include redundant responses reflecting aspects of a smaller number of underlying behaviors. Reducing the dimension of multivariate responses can reveal the most significant model behaviors, allowing subsequent analyses to focus on one response per behavior. This paper investigates two methods for reducing dimension in multivariate data generated from simulation models. One method combines correlation analysis and clustering. The second method uses principal components analysis. We apply both methods to reduce a 22-dimensional dataset generated by a network simulator. We identify issues that an analyst must decide, and we compare the reductions suggested by the methods. We have used these methods to identify significant behaviors in simulated networks, and we suspect they may be applied to reduce the dimension of empirical data measured from real networks.
C1 [Mills, Kevin L.; Filliben, James J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kevin.mills@nist.gov; james.filliben@nist.gov
FU Information Technology Laboratory at NIST
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support for this
research, as provided by the Complex Systems program within the
Information Technology Laboratory at NIST. The authors also thank
reviewers of the manuscript for their helpful suggestions. Reviewers
included Daniel Genin, Stefan Leigh and Walter Liggett. The authors
remain solely responsible for any errors remaining in the manuscript.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 5
BP 771
EP 783
DI 10.6028/jres.116.020
PG 13
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 833FB
UT WOS:000295866500003
PM 26989599
ER
PT J
AU Wang, TX
Chow, LC
Frukhtbeyn, SA
Ting, AH
Dong, QX
Yang, MS
Mitchell, JW
AF Wang, Tongxin
Chow, Laurence C.
Frukhtbeyn, Stanislav A.
Ting, Andy Hai
Dong, Quanxiao
Yang, Mingshu
Mitchell, James W.
TI Improve the Strength of PLA/HA Composite Through the Use of Surface
Initiated Polymerization and Phosphonic Acid Coupling Agent
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bioresorbable; composite; hydroxyapatite; interface; mechanical; PLA;
polymerization
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INORGANIC FILLERS; LACTIC-ACID; IN-VITRO;
HYDROXYAPATITE; BONE; POLY(L-LACTIDE); PARTICLES; POLYMERS; CEMENT
AB Bioresorbable composite made from degradable polymers, e. g., polylactide (PLA), and bioactive calcium phosphates, e. g., hydroxyapatite (HA), are clinically desirable for bone fixation, repair and tissue engineering because they do not need to be removed by surgery after the bone heals. However, preparation of PLA/HA composite from non-modified HA usually results in mechanical strength reductions due to a weak interface between PLA and HA. In this study, a calcium-phosphate/phosphonate hybrid shell was developed to introduce a greater amount of reactive hydroxyl groups onto the HA particles. Then, PLA was successfully grafted on HA by surface-initiated polymerization through the non-ionic surface hydroxyl groups. Thermogravimetric analysis indiated that the amount of grafted PLA on HA can be up to 7 %, which is about 50 % greater than that from the literature. PLA grafted HA shows significantly different pH dependent zeta-potential and particle size profiles from those of uncoated HA. By combining the phosphonic acid coupling agent and surface initiated polymerization, PLA could directly link to HA through covalent bond so that the interfacial interaction in the PLA/HA composite can be significantly improved. The diametral tensile strength of PLA/HA composite prepared from PLA-grafted HA was found to be over twice that of the composite prepared from the non-modified HA. Moreover, the tensile strength of the improved composite was 23 % higher than that of PLA alone. By varying additional variables, this approach has the potential to produce bioresorbable composites with improved mechanical properties that are in the range of natural bones, and can have wide applications for bone fixation and repair in load-bearing areas.
C1 [Wang, Tongxin; Ting, Andy Hai; Dong, Quanxiao; Mitchell, James W.] Howard Univ, Coll Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
[Wang, Tongxin; Dong, Quanxiao] Howard Univ, Coll Dent, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
[Chow, Laurence C.; Frukhtbeyn, Stanislav A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Dong, Quanxiao; Yang, Mingshu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, TX (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA.
EM twang@howard.edu; larry.chow@nist.gov; jwmitchell@howard.edu
FU Howard University (HUPRN); National Institutes of Health-National
Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIH/NIDCR) [DE20824];
Paffenbarger Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIH/NIDCR) [DE21148]
FX The authors thank Dr. Clifton Carey and Dr. Earl Kudlick for the helpful
discussion. The authors also thank Ms. Felicia McClary for assistance
with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This investigation was supported
in part by Howard University (HUPRN) and grants from the National
Institutes of Health-National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
Research (NIH/NIDCR, DE20824) to Howard University and to the
Paffenbarger Research Center at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIH/NIDCR, DE21148). The research was conducted at Howard
University, American Dental Association Foundation-Paffenbarger Research
Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the
Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
NR 37
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 38
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 5
BP 785
EP 796
DI 10.6028/jres.116.021
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 833FB
UT WOS:000295866500004
PM 22399838
ER
PT J
AU Lin, YL
Savage, LC
AF Lin, Yuh-Lang
Savage, L. Crosby, III
TI Effects of Landfall Location and the Approach Angle of a Cyclone Vortex
Encountering a Mesoscale Mountain Range
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; TAIWAN OROGRAPHY; FLOW; ISLAND; COORDINATE;
DEFLECTION; TYPHOONS; TERRAIN; MOTION; RIDGE
AB The orographic effects of landfall location, approach angle, and their combination on track deflection during the passage of a cyclone vortex over a mesoscale mountain range are investigated using idealized model simulations. For an elongated mesoscale mountain range, the local vorticity generation, driving the cyclone vortex track deflection, is more dominated by vorticity advection upstream of the mountain range, by vorticity stretching over the lee side and its immediate downstream area, and by vorticity advection again far downstream of the mountain as it steers the vortex back to its original direction of movement. The vorticity advection upstream of the mountain range is caused by the flow splitting associated with orographic blocking. It is found that the ideally simulated cyclone vortex tracks compare reasonably well with observed tracks of typhoons over Taiwan's Central Mountain Range (CMR).
In analyzing the relative vorticity budget, the authors found that jumps in the vortex path are largely governed by stretching on the lee side of the mountain. Based on the vorticity equation, this stretching occurs where fluid columns descend the lee slope so that the rate of stretching is governed mostly by the flow speed and the terrain slope. In other words, the maximum stretching and associated track jump are located on the faster side of the vortex. In the type E and N landfalling tracks, the faster winds are well north of the mountain crest, and the vortex track has very little change across the mountain. For the S case, however, the stronger winds are near the center of the ridge, and the track jump is much larger. For the NE case, the jump in the vortex track occurs once the vortex center shifts south of the ridge. For the SE case, there is considerable stretching, but it is aligned with the original track, so there is no jump in track.
C1 [Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Energy & Environm Syst, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Lin, Yuh-Lang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Savage, L. Crosby, III] WindLogics Inc, Wind Analyt, St Paul, MN USA.
RP Lin, YL (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, 101 Marteena Hall,1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
EM ylin@ncat.edu
FU NOAA [NA06OAR4810187]
FX The authors thank the help from C. M. Hill in the early stage of this
study and S.-T. Wang for valuable discussions. This research is
supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program (EPP) under
Cooperative Agreement NA06OAR4810187.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 2095
EP 2106
DI 10.1175/2011JAS3720.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823WF
UT WOS:000295157100016
ER
PT J
AU Kahn, BH
Teixeira, J
Fetzer, EJ
Gettelman, A
Hristova-Veleva, SM
Huang, XL
Kochanski, AK
Kohler, M
Krueger, SK
Wood, R
Zhao, M
AF Kahn, B. H.
Teixeira, J.
Fetzer, E. J.
Gettelman, A.
Hristova-Veleva, S. M.
Huang, X. L.
Kochanski, A. K.
Koehler, M.
Krueger, S. K.
Wood, R.
Zhao, M.
TI Temperature and Water Vapor Variance Scaling in Global Models:
Comparisons to Satellite and Aircraft Data
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY-SPECTRUM; SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS;
QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD SCHEME; TURBULENCE;
CLIMATE; SIMULATION; VARIABILITY; CONVECTION
AB Observations of the scale dependence of height-resolved temperature T and water vapor q variability are valuable for improved subgrid-scale climate model parameterizations and model evaluation. Variance spectral benchmarks for T and q obtained from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are compared to those generated by state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction "analyses'' and "free-running'' climate model simulations with spatial resolution comparable to AIRS. The T and q spectra from both types of models are generally too steep, with small-scale variance up to several factors smaller than AIRS. However, the two model analyses more closely resemble AIRS than the two free-running model simulations. Scaling exponents obtained for AIRS column water vapor (CWV) and height-resolved layers of q are also compared to the superparameterized Community Atmospheric Model (SP-CAM), highlighting large differences in the magnitude of CWV variance and the relative flatness of height-resolved q scaling in SP-CAM. Height-resolved q spectra obtained from aircraft observations during the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) demonstrate changes in scaling exponents that depend on the observations' proximity to the base of the subsidence inversion with scale breaks that occur at approximately the dominant cloud scale (similar to 10-30 km). This suggests that finer spatial resolution requirements must be considered for future satellite observations of T and q than those currently planned for infrared and microwave satellite sounders.
C1 [Kahn, B. H.; Teixeira, J.; Fetzer, E. J.; Hristova-Veleva, S. M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Gettelman, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Huang, X. L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Kochanski, A. K.; Krueger, S. K.] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
[Koehler, M.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany.
[Wood, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Zhao, M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Kahn, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,Mail Stop 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Zhao,
Ming/C-6928-2014
OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828;
FU NASA; AIRS; Office of Naval Research [N0001408IP20064]; NOAA MAPPCPO;
NSF [ATM0755310]; VOCALS NSF [ATM-0745702]
FX Support from the JPL Internal Research and Technology Development
Program, NASA's Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research
Environments (MEaSUREs) program, and the AIRS Project at JPL is
acknowledged. JT acknowledges the support provided by the Office of
Naval Research, Marine Meteorology Program under award N0001408IP20064,
the NASA MAP Program, and the NOAA MAPPCPO Program. The work of X.L.
Huang is partly supported by NSF Grant ATM0755310. RW acknowledges the
support of VOCALS NSF Award ATM-0745702. AIRS data were obtained through
the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center
(http:/daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/). ECMWF data are provided in coordination
with the Year of Coordinated Observing Modeling and Forecasting Tropical
Convection project (http:/data-portal. ecmwf. intdatadyotc_od/). MERRA
data are provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office
(http:/gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/). This material is partly based on work
supported by the National Science Foundation Science and Technology
Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by
Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. Roger
Marchand provided the SP-CAM output. The MMF model runs were performed
at theDepartment of Energy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
and the San Diego Supercomputing Center (SDSC). The authors thank
Stephen Eckermann, Jon Petch, Kyle Pressel, Richard Rood, Allen Schanot,
Ka-Kit Tung, and the anonymous reviewers for insightful discussions and
suggestions. This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with
NASA.
NR 57
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 2156
EP 2168
DI 10.1175/2011JAS3737.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823WF
UT WOS:000295157100020
ER
PT J
AU Streever, B
Suydam, R
Payne, JF
Shuchman, R
Angliss, RP
Balogh, G
Brown, J
Grunblatt, J
Guyer, S
Kane, DL
Kelley, JJ
Kofinas, G
Lassuy, DR
Loya, W
Martin, P
Moore, SE
Pegau, WS
Rea, C
Reed, DJ
Sformo, T
Sturm, M
Taylor, JJ
Viavant, T
Williams, D
Yokel, D
AF Streever, B.
Suydam, R.
Payne, J. F.
Shuchman, R.
Angliss, R. P.
Balogh, G.
Brown, J.
Grunblatt, J.
Guyer, S.
Kane, D. L.
Kelley, J. J.
Kofinas, G.
Lassuy, D. R.
Loya, W.
Martin, P.
Moore, S. E.
Pegau, W. S.
Rea, C.
Reed, D. J.
Sformo, T.
Sturm, M.
Taylor, J. J.
Viavant, T.
Williams, D.
Yokel, D.
TI Environmental Change and Potential Impacts: Applied Research Priorities
for Alaska's North Slope
SO ARCTIC
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Streever, B.] BP Explorat Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Suydam, R.; Sformo, T.] N Slope Borough Dept Wildlife Management, Barrow, AK USA.
[Payne, J. F.; Guyer, S.; Taylor, J. J.] N Slope Sci Initiat, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Shuchman, R.] Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
[Angliss, R. P.; Moore, S. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
[Balogh, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arctic Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Grunblatt, J.; Kane, D. L.; Kelley, J. J.; Kofinas, G.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Loya, W.] Wilderness Soc, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Martin, P.] USFWS, Arctic Landscape Conservat Cooperat, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Pegau, W. S.] Oil Spill Recovery Inst, Cordova, AK USA.
[Rea, C.] Conoco Phillips, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Reed, D. J.] ADFG, Nome, AK USA.
[Sturm, M.] USA CRREL Alaska, Ft Wainwright, AK USA.
[Viavant, T.] ADFG, Fairbanks, AK USA.
[Williams, D.] Bur Ocean Energy Management, Anchorage, AK USA.
[Yokel, D.] Bur Land Management, Arctic Field Off, Fairbanks, AK USA.
RP Streever, B (reprint author), BP Explorat Alaska Inc, Anchorage, AK USA.
EM Bill.Streever@bp.com
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 14
PU ARCTIC INST N AMER
PI CALGARY
PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER,
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA
SN 0004-0843
J9 ARCTIC
JI Arctic
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 3
BP 390
EP 397
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography
GA 820DZ
UT WOS:000294887000013
ER
PT J
AU Karnauskas, M
McClellan, DB
Wiener, JW
Miller, MW
Babcock, EA
AF Karnauskas, Mandy
McClellan, David B.
Wiener, Jean W.
Miller, Margaret W.
Babcock, Elizabeth A.
TI Inferring trends in a small-scale, data-limited tropical fishery based
on fishery-independent data
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Size spectra; Coral reef fisheries management; Bayesian statistics; Trap
fisheries; Haiti
ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; CARIBBEAN CORAL-REEFS; SIZE-BASED INDICATORS;
ABUNDANCE; COMMUNITY; ASSEMBLAGES; ECOSYSTEM; RECRUITMENT; COMPLEXITY;
PATTERNS
AB Size-based indicators have emerged as useful tools to analyze the status of fisheries which lack fishery dependent data over long time series, such as many coral reef fisheries. In this study, we calculate a number of size-based indicators for the Haitian fishery at the remote Navassa Island, where a reef fish visual census (RVC) data set is available over an 8-year study period (2002-2009). We also calculate the slope of the size spectrum indicator within a Bayesian framework, which allows for potential biases inherent in the RVC method to be accounted for in credibility intervals around parameter estimates. Results of our analyses suggest that stocks targeted by traps declined from 2002 to 2004, followed by a period of increase from 2006 to 2009. The slope of the size spectrum declined from 2002 to 2004 and remained constant for the remainder of the study period, and this pattern was driven by a decrease in abundance of larger species targeted by hook-and-line. Analysis of the Lmax spectrum also indicated a decrease in the occurrence rates of larger species throughout the study period. Our methods can be applied to fisheries in other areas where limited fishery-independent data and no fishery-dependent data are available. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Karnauskas, Mandy; Babcock, Elizabeth A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[McClellan, David B.; Miller, Margaret W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Wiener, Jean W.] FoProBiM, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA.
RP Karnauskas, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM mkarnauskas@rsmas.miami.edu; David.Mcclellan@noaa.gov;
jeanw@foprobim.org; Margaret.W.Miller@noaa.gov; ebabcock@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Babcock, Elizabeth/E-7753-2013
FU NOAA; US Fish and Wildlife Service [41529-12, 41529-2006-03, 2009-01];
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; University of
Miami
FX Data collection for this study was funded by the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program and supported by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
under Special Use permits # 41529-12, 41529-2006-03, and 2009-01.
Logistical implementation was made possible by the greatly appreciated
captains and crew of the R/V Coral Reef II (John G. Shedd Aquarium) and
the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster. We sincerely appreciate the cooperation of
the Navassa fishers in sharing their experiences and allowing us to
measure their catch. M. Karnauskas was supported by a University of
Miami Graduate Fellowship and funding from the Cooperative Institute for
Marine and Atmospheric Studies while completing this work.
NR 50
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 111
IS 1-2
BP 40
EP 52
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.06.010
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 826JP
UT WOS:000295350700005
ER
PT J
AU Dubey, JP
Velmurugan, GV
Rajendran, C
Yabsley, MJ
Thomas, NJ
Beckmen, KB
Sinnett, D
Ruid, D
Hart, J
Fair, PA
McFee, WE
Shearn-Bochsler, V
Kwok, OCH
Ferreira, LR
Choudhary, S
Faria, EB
Zhou, H
Felix, TA
Su, C
AF Dubey, J. P.
Velmurugan, G. V.
Rajendran, C.
Yabsley, M. J.
Thomas, N. J.
Beckmen, K. B.
Sinnett, D.
Ruid, D.
Hart, J.
Fair, P. A.
McFee, W. E.
Shearn-Bochsler, V.
Kwok, O. C. H.
Ferreira, L. R.
Choudhary, S.
Faria, E. B.
Zhou, H.
Felix, T. A.
Su, C.
TI Genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife from North
America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal
type
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Toxoplasma gondii; Wildlife; Seroprevalence; Isolation; Genetic types;
USA
ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; OTTERS ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; CHICKENS
GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; SKUNK MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; SEA
OTTERS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPLACENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; CONGENITAL
TOXOPLASMOSIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE
AB Little is known of the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife. In the present study wild animals, from the USA were examined for T. gondii infection. Tissues of naturally exposed animals were bioassayed in mice for isolation of viable parasites. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 31 animals including, to our knowledge for the first time, from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), five gray wolves (Canis lupus), a woodrat (Neotoma micro pus). and five Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). Additionally, 66 T. gondii isolates obtained previously, but not genetically characterised, were revived in mice. Toxoplasma gondii DNA isolated from these 97 samples (31 + 66) was characterised using 11 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (SAG, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico). A total of 95 isolates were successfully genotyped. In addition to clonal Types II, and III, 12 different genotypes were found. These genotype data were combined with 74 T. gondii isolates previously characterised from wildlife from North America and a composite data set of 169 isolates comprised 22 genotypes, including clonal Types II, Ill and 20 atypical genotypes. Phylogenetic network analysis showed limited diversity with dominance of a recently designated fourth clonal type (Type 12) in North America, followed by the Type II and III lineages. These three major lineages together accounted for 85% of strains in North America. The Type 12 lineage includes previously identified Type A and X strains from sea otters. This study revealed that the Type 12 lineage accounts for 46.7% (79/169) of isolates and is dominant in wildlife of North America. No clonal Type I strain was identified among these wildlife isolates. These results suggest that T. gondii strains in wildlife from North America have limited diversity, with the occurrence of only a few major clonal types. (C) 2011 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Velmurugan, G. V.; Rajendran, C.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Ferreira, L. R.; Choudhary, S.; Faria, E. B.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Yabsley, M. J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Wamell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Thomas, N. J.; Shearn-Bochsler, V.] US Geol Survey, Dept Interior, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
[Beckmen, K. B.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA.
[Sinnett, D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Palmer, AK 99645 USA.
[Ruid, D.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA.
[Hart, J.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
[McFee, W. E.] NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Zhou, H.] Shandong Univ, Dept Parasitol, Sch Med, Jinan 250012, Shandong, Peoples R China.
[Felix, T. A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA.
[Su, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov
RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013
OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108
NR 67
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U1 8
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7519
J9 INT J PARASITOL
JI Int. J. Parasit.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 11
BP 1139
EP 1147
DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.06.005
PG 9
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 825RE
UT WOS:000295299000004
PM 21802422
ER
PT J
AU Ferguson, JA
Koketsu, W
Ninomiya, I
Rossignol, PA
Jacobson, KC
Kent, ML
AF Ferguson, Jayde A.
Koketsu, Wataru
Ninomiya, Ikuo
Rossignol, Philippe A.
Jacobson, Kym C.
Kent, Michael L.
TI Mortality of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) associated with burdens
of multiple parasite species
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Multispecies parasitism; Negative binomial distribution; Truncation;
Digenea; Myxozoa
ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS L; POPULATION BIOLOGY; FISH POPULATIONS;
DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM-DITREMUM; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; OREGON COAST; WILD FISH;
HOST; SURVIVAL; RIVER
AB Multiple analytical techniques were used to evaluate the impact of multiple parasite species on the mortality of threatened juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from the West Fork Smith River, Oregon, USA. We also proposed a novel parsimonious mathematical representation of macroparasite distribution, congestion rate, which (i) is easier to use than traditional models, and (ii) is based on Malthusian parameters rather than probability theory. Heavy infections of Myxobolus insidiosus (Myxozoa) and metacercariae of Nanophyetus salmincola and Apophallus sp. occurred in parr (subyearlings) from the lower mainstem of this river collected in 2007 and 2008. Smolts (yearlings) collected in 2007-2010 always harboured fewer Apophallus sp. with host mortality recognised as a function of intensity for this parasite. Mean intensity of Apophallus sp. in lower mainstem parr was 753 per fish in 2007 and 856 per fish in 2003, while parr from the tributaries had a mean of only 37 or 13 parasites per fish, respectively. Mean intensity of this parasite in smolts ranged between 47 and 251 parasites per fish. Over-dispersion (variance to mean ratios) of Apophallus sp. was always lower in smolts compared with all parr combined or lower mainstem parr. Retrospective analysis based on smolt data using both the traditional negative binomial truncation technique and our proposed congestion rate model showed identical results. The estimated threshold level for mortality involving Apophallus sp. was at 400-500 parasites per fish using both analytical methods. Unique to this study, we documented the actual existence of these heavy infections prior to the predicted mortality. Most of the lower mainstem parr (approximately 75%) had infections above this level. Heavy infections of Apophallus sp. metacercariae may be an important contributing factor to the high over-wintering mortality previously reported for these fish that grow and develop in this section of the river. Analyses using the same methods for M. insidiosus and N. salmincola generally pointed to minimal parasite-associated mortality. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc.
C1 [Ferguson, Jayde A.; Kent, Michael L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Ninomiya, Ikuo] Ehime Univ, Fac Agr, Lab Forest Resource Biol, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908566, Japan.
[Rossignol, Philippe A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Jacobson, Kym C.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Ferguson, JA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Fish Pathol Lab, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA.
EM jayde.ferguson@alaska.gov
FU Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), USA [010-7032-IAA-FISH]
FX This research was funded, in most part, by an Oregon Department of Fish
and Wildlife (ODFW), USA, Fish Health Graduate Research fellowship
(agency Grant 010-7032-IAA-FISH) to J.A.F. We would also like to thank
J. Sanders, C. Ferguson and the research personnel at ODFW for
assistance in gathering field samples. The concept of congestion rate
was originally developed by I. Ninomiya, Ehime University, Japan. Thanks
to K. Lafferty and E. Casillas for manuscript review and comments.
NR 60
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U1 2
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0020-7519
J9 INT J PARASITOL
JI Int. J. Parasit.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 11
BP 1197
EP 1205
DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.07.005
PG 9
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 825RE
UT WOS:000295299000010
PM 21855547
ER
PT J
AU Chen, W
Xu, T
He, F
Wang, W
Wang, C
Strzalka, J
Liu, Y
Wen, JG
Miller, DJ
Chen, JH
Hong, KL
Yu, LP
Darling, SB
AF Chen, Wei
Xu, Tao
He, Feng
Wang, Wei
Wang, Cheng
Strzalka, Joseph
Liu, Yun
Wen, Jianguo
Miller, Dean J.
Chen, Jihua
Hong, Kunlun
Yu, Luping
Darling, Seth B.
TI Hierarchical Nanomorphologies Promote Exciton Dissociation in
Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Organic photovoltaics; bulk heterojunction; hierarchical nanomorphology;
charge photogeneration; X-ray scattering; device performance
ID POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; POLYMER-FULLERENE BLENDS; X-RAY SCATTERING;
PHASE-SEPARATION; THIN-FILMS; PERFORMANCE; REFLECTIVITY; MORPHOLOGY;
ADDITIVES; DYNAMICS
AB PTB7 semiconducting copolymer comprising thieno[3,4-b]thiophene and benzodithiophene alternating repeat units set a historic record of solar energy conversion efficiency (7.4%) in polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells. To further improve solar cell performance, a thorough understanding of structure-property relationships associated with PTB7/fullerene and related organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is crucial. Traditionally, OPV active layers are viewed as an interpenetrating network of pure polymers and fullerenes with discrete interfaces. Here we show that the active layer of PTB7/fullerene OPV devices in fact involves hierarchical nanomorphologies ranging from several nanometers of crystallites to tens of nanometers of nanocrystallite aggregates in PTB7-rich and fullerene-rich domains, themselves hundreds of nanometers in size. These hierarchical nanomorphologies are coupled to significantly enhanced exciton dissociation, which consequently contribute to photocurrent, indicating that the nanostructural characteristics at multiple length scales is one of the key factors determining the performance of PTB7 copolymer, and likely most polymer/fullerene systems, in OPV devices.
C1 [Chen, Wei; Darling, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
[Xu, Tao; He, Feng; Wang, Wei; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Xu, Tao; He, Feng; Wang, Wei; Yu, Luping] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Wang, Cheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Strzalka, Joseph] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
[Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
[Chen, Jihua; Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Chen, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
EM wchen@anl.gov; lupingyu@uchicago.edu; darling@anl.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Chen, Wei/G-6055-2011; Wang, Cheng
/E-7399-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Wang, Cheng/A-9815-2014; Chen,
Jihua/F-1417-2011; He, Feng/J-2878-2014; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Chen, Wei/0000-0001-8906-4278; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Chen,
Jihua/0000-0001-6879-5936; He, Feng/0000-0002-8596-1366; Hong,
Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU Argonne Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF; NSF-MRSEC; AFOSR; DOE;
University of Chicago-Argonne Strategic Collaborative Initiative; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Oak Ridge National
Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX W.C. gratefully acknowledges financial support from Argonne Director's
Postdoctoral Fellowship. L.Y., T.X. and F.H. acknowledge support from
NSF, NSF-MRSEC, AFOSR, and DOE on the synthesis of polymers. This work
was partially supported by a University of Chicago-Argonne Strategic
Collaborative Initiative Seed Grant. We thank Dr. Zhang Jiang for
helpful discussions and sharing XRR of the thick polymer film. Use of
the Advanced Photon Source (APS), the Electron Microscopy Center (EMC)
for Materials Research, and the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at
Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The ALS at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A portion of this research was conducted at the
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S.
Department of Energy. The submitted manuscript has been created by
UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory
("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Certain
commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply
recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified
are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 54
TC 270
Z9 270
U1 17
U2 239
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 3707
EP 3713
DI 10.1021/nl201715q
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 818XO
UT WOS:000294790200034
PM 21823620
ER
PT J
AU Hively, WD
Hapeman, CJ
McConnell, LL
Fisher, TR
Rice, CP
McCarty, GW
Sadeghi, AM
Whitall, DR
Downey, PM
de Guzman, GTN
Bialek-Kalinski, K
Lang, MW
Gustafson, AB
Sutton, AJ
Sefton, KA
Fetcho, JAH
AF Hively, W. Dean
Hapeman, Cathleen J.
McConnell, Laura L.
Fisher, Thomas R.
Rice, Clifford P.
McCarty, Gregory W.
Sadeghi, Ali M.
Whitall, David R.
Downey, Peter M.
de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino
Bialek-Kalinski, Krystyna
Lang, Megan W.
Gustafson, Anne B.
Sutton, Adrienne J.
Sefton, Kerry A.
Fetcho, Jennifer A. Harman
TI Relating nutrient and herbicide fate with landscape features and
characteristics of 15 subwatersheds in the Choptank River watershed
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Choptank River; Atrazine; Metolachlor; Tree canopy; Nitrate;
Hydrogeomorphology
ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROUND-WATER; NITRATE
CONTAMINATION; DELMARVA PENINSULA; QUALITY; PESTICIDES; STREAM;
EUTROPHICATION; METOLACHLOR
AB Excess nutrients and agrochemicals from non-point sources contribute to water quality impairment in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and their loading rates are related to land use, agricultural practices, hydrology, and pollutant fate and transport processes. In this study, monthly baseflow stream samples from 15 agricultural subwatersheds of the Choptank River in Maryland USA (2005 to 2007) were characterized for nutrients, herbicides, and herbicide transformation products. High-resolution digital maps of land use and forested wetlands were derived from remote sensing imagery. Examination of landscape metrics and water quality data, partitioned according to hydrogeomorphic class, provided insight into the fate, delivery, and transport mechanisms associated with agricultural pollutants. Mean Nitrate-N concentrations (4.9 mg/L) were correlated positively with percent agriculture (R-2 = 0.56) and negatively with percent forest (R-2 = 0.60). Concentrations were greater (p = 0.0001) in the well-drained upland (WDU) hydrogeomorphic region than in poorly drained upland (PDU), reflecting increased denitrification and reduced agricultural land use intensity in the PDU landscape due to the prevalence of hydric soils. Atrazine and metolachlor concentrations (mean 029 mu g/L and 0.19 mu g/L) were also greater (p = 0.0001) in WDU subwatersheds than in PDU subwatersheds. Springtime herbicide concentrations exhibited a strong, positive correlation (R-2 = 0.90) with percent forest in the WDU subwatersheds but not in the PDU subwatersheds. In addition, forested riparian stream buffers in the WDU were more prevalent than in the PDU where forested patches are typically not located near streams, suggesting an alternative delivery mechanism whereby volatilized herbicides are captured by the riparian forest canopy and subsequently washed off during rainfall. Orthophosphate, CIAT (6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), CEAT (6-chloro-N-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and MESA (2-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) (2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid) were also analyzed. These findings will assist efforts in targeting implementation of conservation practices to the most environmentally-critical areas within watersheds to achieve water quality improvements in a cost-effective manner. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Hapeman, Cathleen J.; McConnell, Laura L.; Rice, Clifford P.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Sadeghi, Ali M.; Downey, Peter M.; de Guzman, Gabriela T. Nino; Bialek-Kalinski, Krystyna; Lang, Megan W.; Sefton, Kerry A.; Fetcho, Jennifer A. Harman] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Hively, W. Dean] US Geol Survey, Eastern Geog Res Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Fisher, Thomas R.; Gustafson, Anne B.; Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA.
[Whitall, David R.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov
RI Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012
OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; feng,
yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the dedicated contributions of Anne
Lynn, Choptank River CEAP Coordinator at USDA, Natural Resource
Conservation Service (NRCS), Maryland State Office; Thomas E. Jordon,
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland; Judith
M. Denver and Scott W. Ator, US Geological Survey, Dover, Delaware and
Baltimore, Maryland, respectively; field and technical staff team
members Paul Biddle and Walter Stracke; and numerous student
contributors, especially Antti Koskelo, Molly Monahan, Andrew Kim,
Antonio Pereira, Sarah Waterworth, and Kusuma Prabhakara. Partial
funding for this project was provided by NOAA National Centers for
Coastal Ocean Science, USDA-NRCS Special Emphasis Watershed CEAP
(Assessment of Natural Resource Conservation Practice Effectiveness
within the Choptank River Watershed), and a Chesapeake Bay Targeted
Watersheds grant administered by the National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation (Innovative BMP Implementation Strategies to Improve Water
Quality within the Choptank River Watershed with a Targeted Effort in
the Tuckahoe Sub-Basin).
NR 58
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 62
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 409
IS 19
BP 3866
EP 3878
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.024
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 824WW
UT WOS:000295233900032
PM 21733565
ER
PT J
AU Raman, B
Stopfer, M
Semancik, S
AF Raman, Baranidharan
Stopfer, Mark
Semancik, Steve
TI Mimicking Biological Design and Computing Principles in Artificial
Olfaction
SO ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE odor; chemical sensing; sensory system; pattern recognition and
classification; electronic nose; neuromorphic engineering
ID CHEMICAL SENSOR ARRAYS; ODORANT RECEPTOR; ELECTRONIC-NOSE; ANTENNAL
LOBE; DIMENSIONALITY-REDUCTION; COMPUTATIONAL PARALLELS; CONTRAST
ENHANCEMENT; NEURONAL NETWORK; BULB; PATTERNS
AB Biology has inspired solutions to many engineering problems, including those encountered in chemical sensing. Modern approaches to chemical sensing have been based on the biological principle of combining cross-selective chemical sensors with a pattern recognition engine to identify odors. Here, we review some recent advances made in mimicking biological design and computing principles to develop an electronic nose. The resulting technology will have important applications in fundamental biological research, as well as in industrial, security, and medical domains.
C1 [Raman, Baranidharan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Stopfer, Mark] Natl Inst Child Hlth & Dev, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Raman, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
EM barani@wustl.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU Department of Biomedical Engineering in Washington University; McDonnell
Center for Systems Neuroscience; NIH/NICHD; Department of Homeland
Security
FX The authors would like to thank the following for funding this work:
generous start-up funds from the Department of Biomedical Engineering in
Washington University and a McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience
grant to B.R.; an intramural grant from NIH/NICHD to M.S. and partial
support from Department of Homeland Security to S.S.
NR 101
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1948-7193
J9 ACS CHEM NEUROSCI
JI ACS Chem. Neurosci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 9
BP 487
EP 499
DI 10.1021/cn200027r
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Neurosciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Neurosciences
& Neurology
GA 824FF
UT WOS:000295187100002
PM 22081790
ER
PT J
AU Liu, YL
Walker, ARH
AF Liu, Yonglin
Walker, Angela R. Hight
TI Preferential Outward Diffusion of Cu during Unconventional Galvanic
Replacement Reactions between HAuCl4 and Surface-Limited Cu Nanocrystals
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE Cu diffusion; nanomaterials; unconventional galvanic replacement
reaction; surface-limited Cu nanocrystals; diffusion coefficient
ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; METAL NANOSTRUCTURES; AUCU3
NANOCRYSTALS; AU NANOPARTICLES; HOLLOW INTERIORS; FACILE SYNTHESIS;
SELF-DIFFUSION
AB Metal diffusion in nanoscale materials is of great Interest, yet the detailed kinetic behavior of such diffusion remains elusive. We observe direction-controlled Cu diffusion during unconventional galvanic replacement reactions between surface-limited Cu nanocrystals (NCs) and HAuCl4. Using presynthesized Cu-Cu1.81S hetero-oligomer and Cu-Cu2S heterodimer NCs as templates and reactants, the controlled addition of HAuCl4 leads to the preferential outward diffusion of Cu, visualized by the formation of single-crystalline and straight, or polycrystalline and kinked, CuAu nanowires, respectively. The time dependent growth of these nanowires enables determination of nanoscale diffusion coefficients of Cu during these processes, for the first time.
C1 [Liu, Yonglin; Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Liu, YL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yonglinliu06@gmail.com
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009
OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672
FU National Research Council (NRC, NIH(NIBIB)/NIST); NSF
FX Y. L. acknowledges the support of a National Research Council (NRC,
NIH(NIBIB)/NIST) research associate fellowship. Both authors acknowledge
the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab (The NispLab is supported in
part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility). Certain
commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
paper to foster uncle-standing and does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment
identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 90
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 5
U2 69
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 5
IS 9
BP 6843
EP 6854
DI 10.1021/nn200565y
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 824FI
UT WOS:000295187400011
PM 21866957
ER
PT J
AU Robel, AA
Lozier, MS
Gary, SF
Shillinger, GL
Bailey, H
Bograd, SJ
AF Robel, Alexander A.
Lozier, M. Susan
Gary, Stefan F.
Shillinger, George L.
Bailey, Helen
Bograd, Steven J.
TI Projecting uncertainty onto marine megafauna trajectories
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine megafauna pathways; Active & passive migration; Pathway
uncertainty; Biologging; Sea turtles
ID SEA-TURTLES; MOVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; CURRENTS
AB In this study, a method is proposed for estimating the uncertainty of a Lagrangian pathway calculated from an undersampled ocean surface velocity field. The primary motivation and application for this method is the differentiation between active and passive movements for sea turtles whose trajectories are observed with satellite telemetry. Synthetic trajectories are launched within a reconstructed surface velocity field and integrated forward in time to produce likely trajectories of an actual turtle or drifter. Uncertainties in both the initial conditions at launch and the velocity field along the trajectory are used to yield an envelope of possible synthetic trajectories for each actual trajectory. The juxtaposition of the actual trajectory with the resulting cloud of synthetic trajectories provides a means to distinguish between active and passive movements of the turtle. The uncertainty estimates provided by this model may lead to improvements in our understanding of where and when turtles are engaged in specific behaviors (i.e. migration vs. foraging)-for which potential management efforts may vary accordingly. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Robel, Alexander A.; Lozier, M. Susan; Gary, Stefan F.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Shillinger, George L.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA.
[Bailey, Helen; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Robel, AA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM alexander.robel@duke.edu; mslozier@duke.edu; stefan.gary@duke.edu;
georges@stanford.edu; hbailey@umces.edu; Steven.Bograd@noaa.gov
RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012
OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0637
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 9
BP 915
EP 921
DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2011.06.009
PG 7
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 824EV
UT WOS:000295186100001
ER
PT J
AU Bai, XZ
Wang, J
Liu, QZ
Wang, DX
Liu, Y
AF Bai, Xuezhi
Wang, Jia
Liu, Qinzheng
Wang, Dongxiao
Liu, Yu
TI Severe Ice Conditions in the Bohai Sea, China, and Mild Ice Conditions
in the Great Lakes during the 2009/10 Winter: Links to El Nino and a
Strong Negative Arctic Oscillation
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; LABRADOR SEA; BAFFIN-BAY;
HUDSON-BAY; EAST-ASIA; MONSOON; CLIMATE; NAO; TELECONNECTIONS
AB This study investigates the causes of severe ice conditions over the Bohai Sea, China, and mild ice cover over the North American Great Lakes under the same hemispheric climate patterns during the 2009/10 winter with a strong negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) and an El Nino event. The main cause of severe ice cover over the Bohai Sea was the strong negative AO. Six of seven winters with severe ice were associated with a strong negative AO during the period 1954-2010. The Siberian high (SH) in the 2009/10 winter was close to normal. The influence of El Nino on the Bohai Sea was not significant. In contrast, the mild ice conditions in the Great Lakes were mainly caused by the strong El Nino event. Although the negative AO generally produces significant colder surface air temperature (SAT) and heavy ice cover over the Great Lakes, when it coincided with a strong El Nino event during the 2009/10 winter the El Nino-induced Pacific-North America (PNA)-like pattern dominated the midlatitudes and was responsible for the flattening of the ridge-trough system over North America, leading to warmer-than-normal temperatures and mild ice conditions over the Great Lakes. This comparative study revealed that interannual variability of SAT in North America, including the Great Lakes, is effectively influenced by El Nino events through a PNA or PNA-like pattern whereas the interannual variability of SAT in northeastern China, including the Bohai Sea area, was mainly controlled by AO and SH.
C1 [Bai, Xuezhi] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Wang, Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Liu, Qinzheng] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Dongxiao] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Yu] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Bai, XZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM xuezhi@umich.edu
RI WANG, DongXiao/B-4445-2012
FU National Research Council through NOAA GLERL; Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; NOAA
FX We acknowledge support from the National Research Council through NOAA
GLERL for Xuezhi Bai and funding from the Great Lakes Restoration
Initiative from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and NOAA.
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 50
IS 9
BP 1922
EP 1935
DI 10.1175/2011JAMC2675.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 823XR
UT WOS:000295161800011
ER
PT J
AU Brunelle, SA
Van Dolah, FM
AF Brunelle, S. A.
Van Dolah, F. M.
TI POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE IN THE RED TIDE
DINOFLAGELLATE, KARENIA BREVIS, AND A POTENTIAL ROLE FOR
CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Brunelle, S. A.] NOAA, MUSC, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
[Van Dolah, F. M.] MUSC, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
EM brunell@musc.edu; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S14
EP S14
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200045
ER
PT J
AU Feely, RA
Alin, S
Sabine, CL
Newton, J
AF Feely, R. A.
Alin, S.
Sabine, C. L.
Newton, J.
TI THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION, MIXING, AND RESPIRATION ON
PH AND CARBONATE SATURATION IN AN URBANIZED ESTUARY
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Feely, R. A.; Alin, S.; Sabine, C. L.] Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Newton, J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov; Simone.Alin@noaa.gov; Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov;
newton@apl.washington.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 31
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S2
EP S2
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200007
ER
PT J
AU Feltman, P
Van Dolah, F
AF Feltman, P.
Van Dolah, F.
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SPLICED LEADER RNA AND ITS RESPONSE TO STRESS IN
THE SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATE, SYMBIODINIUM MICROADRIATICUM
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Feltman, P.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
[Van Dolah, F.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM peterfeltman@gmail.com; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S10
EP S10
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200033
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, JG
Van Dolah, FM
AF Johnson, J. G.
Van Dolah, F. M.
TI PUTATIVE CASPASE ENZYMES, ACTIVITY, AND DOWNSTREAM DEATH SUBSTRATES
ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AGING IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA BREVIS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Johnson, J. G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
[Van Dolah, F. M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM jilljohnson821@gmail.com; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S10
EP S10
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200032
ER
PT J
AU Kibler, SR
Holland, WC
Litaker, RW
Vandersea, MW
Tester, PA
AF Kibler, S. R.
Holland, W. C.
Litaker, R. W.
Vandersea, M. W.
Tester, P. A.
TI EFFECT OF SALINITY ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF EIGHT SPECIES OF
GAMBIERDISCUS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Kibler, S. R.; Holland, W. C.; Litaker, R. W.; Vandersea, M. W.; Tester, P. A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Washington, DC USA.
EM steve.kibler@noaa.gov; chris.holland@noaa.gov; wayne.litaker@noaa.gov;
mark.w.vandersea@noaa.gov; pat.tester@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S37
EP S38
PG 2
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200112
ER
PT J
AU Litaker, RW
Holland, WC
Kibler, SR
Vandersea, MW
Faust, MA
Tester, PA
AF Litaker, R. W.
Holland, W. C.
Kibler, S. R.
Vandersea, M. W.
Faust, M. A.
Tester, P. A.
TI PROROCENTRUM MEXICANUM VS. PROROCENTRUM RHATHYMUM: COMPARATIVE TAXONOMY,
ECOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Litaker, R. W.; Holland, W. C.; Kibler, S. R.; Vandersea, M. W.; Tester, P. A.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Faust, M. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA.
EM wayne.litaker@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S69
EP S69
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200209
ER
PT J
AU Miller, S
Wood, AM
Blankenship, R
Kim, M
Ferriera, S
AF Miller, S.
Wood, A. M.
Blankenship, R.
Kim, M.
Ferriera, S.
TI DYNAMICS OF GENE DUPLICATION IN THE GENOMES OF CHLOROPHYLL D-PRODUCING
CYANOBACTERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECOLOGICAL NICHE
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Miller, S.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Wood, A. M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Wood, A. M.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Blankenship, R.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
[Kim, M.; Ferriera, S.] J Craig Ventner Inst, Rockville, MD USA.
EM scott.miller@mso.umt.edu; michelle.wood@noaa.gov; blankenship@wustl.edu;
MKimSarmiento@jcvi.org; stevenferriera@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 2
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S21
EP S21
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200064
ER
PT J
AU Richards, J
Gardiner, W
Schmidt, WE
Venera-Ponton, D
Camacho, O
Sauvage, T
Arakaki, N
Hickerson, E
Fredericq, S
AF Richards, J.
Gardiner, W.
Schmidt, W. E.
Venera-Ponton, D.
Camacho, O.
Sauvage, T.
Arakaki, N.
Hickerson, E.
Fredericq, S.
TI EFFECTS OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC APRIL 2010 BP DEEPWATER HORIZON CRUDE OIL
SPILL ON SEAWEED DIVERSITY IN THE NW GULF OF MEXICO
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Richards, J.; Gardiner, W.; Schmidt, W. E.; Venera-Ponton, D.; Camacho, O.; Sauvage, T.; Arakaki, N.; Fredericq, S.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA USA.
Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Sabine Pass, TX USA.
EM jlr0420@louisiana.edu; sfredericq@yahoo.com; wes4500@louisiana.edu;
dev4132@louisiana.edu; omc1833@louisiana.edu; tomsauv@gmail.com;
nxa2891@louisiana.edu; emma.hickerson@noaa.gov; sfredericq@yahoo.com
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S75
EP S75
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200227
ER
PT J
AU Tester, PA
Nau, AW
Feldman, RL
Kibler, SR
Holland, WC
Vandersea, MW
Litaker, WR
AF Tester, P. A.
Nau, A. W.
Feldman, R. L.
Kibler, S. R.
Holland, W. C.
Vandersea, M. W.
Litaker, W. R.
TI CIGUATERA FISH POISONING IN THE CARIBBEAN
SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Tester, P. A.; Nau, A. W.; Feldman, R. L.; Kibler, S. R.; Holland, W. C.; Vandersea, M. W.; Litaker, W. R.] Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM pat.tester@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0022-3646
J9 J PHYCOL
JI J. Phycol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 47
SU 2
SI SI
BP S86
EP S86
PG 1
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 822ZO
UT WOS:000295090200259
ER
PT J
AU Baranov, YI
AF Baranov, Yu. I.
TI The continuum absorption in H2O+N-2 mixtures in the 2000-3250 cm(-1)
spectral region at temperatures from 326 to 363 K
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
DE Atmospheric absorption; Water vapor IR spectra; Continuum; MT_CKD model
ID WATER-VAPOR; MU-M
AB The absorption spectra of H2O+N-2 mixtures, as well, as the spectra of pure gases, have been measured using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer at a resolution of 0.1 cm(-1). The sample temperatures were 326, 339, 352, and 363 K. Water vapor pressures varied from 8 (60 torr) to 34.5 kPa (259 torr). The nitrogen pressure was kept constant at about 414 kPa (4.1 atm). The path length was 100 m. The continuum absorption coefficients obtained in the spectral range 2000-3250 cm(-1) (3.1-5 mu m) do not depend significantly on temperature, as is predicted by the well known MT_CKD model. But there are significant deviations in the continuum spectral behavior and magnitude. Around 2050 cm(-1) the measured absorption coefficients C-f are about two times larger than those of the model. This deviation grows rapidly at shorter wave lengths, reaching a maximum of two orders of magnitude in the middle of the window at 2500 cm(-1). At this point, the deviation starts to decrease significantly and around 3100 cm(-1) our results are in agreement with the MT_CKD model. This behavior of the deviation is due to the broad and structureless feature in the region of the nitrogen fundamental band. Most likely, this feature is the N-2 fundamental band component, induced by collisions between H2O and N-2 molecules. The data obtained and a comparison with the results from the other available sources are presented. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Baranov, Yu. I.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Baranov, YI (reprint author), SPA Typhoon, Inst Expt Meteorol, 4 Pobedy St, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Reg, Russia.
EM ybaranov04@mail.ru
FU NASA; Russian Foundation for Basic Researches [10-05-93105]
FX The author acknowledges Dr. W.J. Lafferty for revision of the manuscript
and for many suggestions and corrections. The author would like to
acknowledge Dr. J.-M. Flaud, Dr. A.A. Vigasin, Dr. R.H. Tipping, and Dr.
I.V. Ptashnik for their interest in this work and for helpful
discussions. We thank the anonymous Referee for many useful suggestions.
The author also acknowledges a support from the Upper Atmospheric
Research Program of NASA, and partial financial support from the Russian
Foundation for Basic Researches through Grant 10-05-93105.
NR 14
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 112
IS 14
BP 2281
EP 2286
DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.06.005
PG 6
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA 823FW
UT WOS:000295108900003
ER
PT J
AU Liu, JX
Tatarenkov, A
Beacham, TD
Gorbachev, V
Wildes, S
Avise, JC
AF Liu, Jin-Xian
Tatarenkov, Andrey
Beacham, Terry D.
Gorbachev, Victor
Wildes, Sharon
Avise, John C.
TI Effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the phylogeographic and
demographic histories of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii)
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Clupea pallasii; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeography; Pleistocene
glaciation; population demography
ID NORTH PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; GENETIC
CONSEQUENCES; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; SEBASTES-ALEUTIANUS;
HARENGUS-PALLASI; TIME DEPENDENCY; MARINE FISH; CHUM SALMON
AB We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences (557 bp from the control region in 935 specimens and 668 bp of the cytochrome b gene in 139 specimens) of Pacific herring collected from 20 nearshore localities spanning the species' extensive range along the North Pacific coastlines of Asia and North America. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were high, and three major phylogeographic lineages (sequence divergences ca. 1.5%) were detected. Using a variety of phylogenetic methods, coalescent reasoning, and molecular dating interpreted in conjunction with paleoclimatic and physiographic evidence, we infer that the genetic make-up of extant populations of C. pallasii was shaped by Pleistocene environmental impacts on the historical demography of this species. A deep genealogical split that cleanly distinguishes populations in the western vs. eastern North Pacific probably originated as a vicariant separation associated with a glacial cycle that drove the species southward and isolated two ancestral populations in Asia and North America. Another deep genealogical split may have involved either a vicariant isolation of a third herring lineage (perhaps originally in the Gulf of California) or it may have resulted simply from the long coalescent times that are possible in large populations. Coalescent analyses showed that all the three evolutionary lineages of C. pallasii experienced major expansions in their most recent histories after having remained more stable in the preceding periods. Independent of the molecular calibration chosen, populations of C. pallasii appear to have remained stable or grown throughout the periods that covered at least two major glaciations, and probably more.
C1 [Liu, Jin-Xian; Tatarenkov, Andrey; Avise, John C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Beacham, Terry D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
[Gorbachev, Victor] Inst Biol Problems N FEB RAS, Lab Populat Genet, Magadan 685000, Russia.
[Wildes, Sharon] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Liu, JX (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
EM jinxianliu@gmail.com
RI Tatarenkov, Andrey/D-5228-2009
OI Tatarenkov, Andrey/0000-0002-0516-5862
FU University of California at Irvine
FX We thank the following who kindly provided samples: T. Hartill, R.
Larson, M. Pritchett, and K. Hebert from the Alaska Department of Fish
and Game, J. Schweigert from Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Y. Carolsfeld
from the World Fisheries Trust, and M. Litz, R. L. Emmett, and J. J.
Vollenweider from the NOAA Fisheries. Our genetic work was funded by
University of California at Irvine.
NR 83
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1083
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 18
BP 3879
EP 3893
DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05213.x
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
Evolutionary Biology
GA 822NR
UT WOS:000295055700015
PM 21824211
ER
PT J
AU Brubaker, MD
Levin, I
Davydov, AV
Rourke, DM
Sanford, NA
Bright, VM
Bertness, KA
AF Brubaker, Matt D.
Levin, Igor
Davydov, Albert V.
Rourke, Devin M.
Sanford, Norman A.
Bright, Victor M.
Bertness, Kris A.
TI Effect of AlN buffer layer properties on the morphology and polarity of
GaN nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY; 0001 SAPPHIRE; FILMS; NANOCOLUMNS;
SI(111); AIN
AB Low-temperature AlN buffer layers grown via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si (111) were found to significantly affect the subsequent growth morphology of GaN nanowires. The AlN buffer layers exhibited nanowire-like columnar protrusions, with their size, shape, and tilt determined by the AlN V/III flux ratio. GaN nanowires were frequently observed to adopt the structural characteristics of the underlying AlN columns, including the size and the degree of tilt. Piezoresponse force microscopy and polarity-sensitive etching indicate that the AlN films and the protruding columns have a mixed crystallographic polarity. Convergent beam electron diffraction indicates that GaN nanowires are Ga-polar, suggesting that Al-polar columns are nanowire nucleation sites for Ga-polar nanowires. GaN nanowires of low density could be grown on AlN buffers that were predominantly N-polar with isolated Al-polar columns, indicating a high growth rate for Ga-polar nanowires and suppressed growth of N-polar nanowires under typical growth conditions. AlN buffer layers grown under slightly N-rich conditions (V/III flux ratio = 1.0 to 1.3) were found to provide a favorable growth surface for low-density, coalescence-free nanowires. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3633522]
C1 [Brubaker, Matt D.; Rourke, Devin M.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Brubaker, Matt D.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Brubaker, Matt D.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Brubaker, MD (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM matthew.brubaker@nist.gov
RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010
OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311
NR 29
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 47
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 110
IS 5
AR 053506
DI 10.1063/1.3633522
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 821IP
UT WOS:000294968600045
ER
PT J
AU Harnik, N
Perlwitz, J
Shaw, TA
AF Harnik, Nili
Perlwitz, Judith
Shaw, Tiffany A.
TI Observed Decadal Changes in Downward Wave Coupling between the
Stratosphere and Troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID PLANETARY-WAVES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; POLAR VORTICES;
HIGH-LATITUDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CIRCULATION
AB Downward wave coupling dominates the intraseasonal dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere. The coupling occurs during late winter and spring when the stratospheric basic state forms a well-defined meridional waveguide, which is bounded above by a reflecting surface. This basic-state configuration is favorable for planetary wave reflection and guides the reflected waves back down to the troposphere, where they impact wave structures. In this study decadal changes in downward wave coupling are analyzed using the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) dataset.
A cross-spectral correlation analysis, applied to geopotential height fields, and a wave geometry diagnostic, applied to zonal-mean zonal wind and temperature data, are used to understand decadal changes in planetary wave propagation. It is found that downward wave 1 coupling from September to December has increased over the last three decades, owing to significant increases at the beginning and end of this 4-month period. The increased downward wave coupling is caused by both an earlier onset of the vertically bounded meridional waveguide configuration and a persistence of this configuration into December. The latter is associated with the observed delay in vortex breakup. The results point to an additional dynamical mechanism whereby the stratosphere has influenced the tropospheric climate in the Southern Hemisphere.
C1 [Harnik, Nili] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA.
[Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA.
RP Harnik, N (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
EM harnik@tau.ac.il
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442
FU Israeli Science Foundation [1370/08]; NASA; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada
FX NH was supported by Grant 1370/08 from the Israeli Science Foundation.
JP acknowledges support from the NASA Modeling and Analysis program. TAS
was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada. The authors thank Bill Neff and
Steven Pawson for their helpful input and discussions. We thank two
anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped us clarify the
manuscript.
NR 26
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 17
BP 4558
EP 4569
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4118.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 821SD
UT WOS:000294993800002
ER
PT J
AU Weaver, SJ
Wang, WQ
Chen, MY
Kumar, A
AF Weaver, Scott J.
Wang, Wanqiu
Chen, Mingyue
Kumar, Arun
TI Representation of MJO Variability in the NCEP Climate Forecast System
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SIMULATION
DIAGNOSTICS; PART I; ENSO; GCM; TEMPERATURE; MODULATION; ANOMALIES;
PACIFIC
AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is arguably the most important intraseasonal mode of climate variability, given its significant modulation of global climate variations and attendant societal impacts. Advancing the current understanding and simulation of the MJO using state-of-the-art climate data and modeling systems is thus a necessary goal for improving MJO prediction capability. MJO variability is assessed in NOAA/NCEP reanalyses and two versions of the Climate Forecast System (CFS), CFS version 1 (CFSv1) and its update version 2 (CFSv2). The analysis leans on a variety of diagnostic procedures and includes MJO sensitivity to varying El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. It is found that significant improvements have been realized in the representation of MJO variations in the new NCEP Climate Forecast System reanalysis (CFSR) as evidenced by outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) power spectral analysis and more coherent propagation characteristics of precipitation and 850-hPa zonal winds over the Eastern Hemisphere in CFSR-only depictions. Conversely, while modest improvements are realized in the CFSv2 as compared to CFSv1, in general the simulation of the MJO continues to be a challenge. Both versions produce strong eastward propagating variance of convection and wind fields in the intraseasonal frequency band. However, the simulated MJO propagates slower than the observed with difficulties traversing the Maritime Continent into the western Pacific, as noted in many previous modeling studies. The CFS shows robust intraseasonal simulations over the west Pacific during El Nino years with diminished simulation capability over the Indian Ocean during La Nina years. This is likely a manifestation of the preference for La Nina MJO activity to occur over the Indian Ocean and the simulation challenges over that domain.
C1 [Weaver, Scott J.; Wang, Wanqiu; Chen, Mingyue; Kumar, Arun] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Weaver, SJ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM scott.weaver@noaa.gov
NR 29
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 24
IS 17
BP 4676
EP 4694
DI 10.1175/2011JCLI4188.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 821SD
UT WOS:000294993800011
ER
PT J
AU Xie, LQ
Hagar, J
Rediske, RR
O'Keefe, J
Dyble, J
Hong, Y
Steinman, AD
AF Xie, Liqiang
Hagar, Janel
Rediske, Richard R.
O'Keefe, James
Dyble, Julianne
Hong, Ying
Steinman, Alan D.
TI The influence of environmental conditions and hydrologic connectivity on
cyanobacteria assemblages in two drowned river mouth lakes
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Microcystis; Microcystins; Environmental parameters; Cylindrospermopsis;
Cylindrospermopsin
ID CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS-RACIBORSKII CYANOBACTERIA; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA;
INVASIVE CYANOBACTERIUM; ALGAL BLOOMS; GROWTH-RATE; PHYTOPLANKTON;
DOMINANCE; RESERVOIR; MICHIGAN; TOXICITY
AB We evaluated the temporal and spatial variability of cyanotoxins, water chemistry, and cyanobacteria communities in two lakes of different trophic status. Bear Lake is a hypereutrophic system that flows into mesotrophic Muskegon Lake. Total microcystins (MC) in Bear Lake (mean, 1.66 mu g/L) were composed of multiple structural analogs: 43% MC-LR, 50% MC-RR, and 7% MC-YR. Total microcystins in Muskegon Lake (mean, 0.52 mu g/L) consisted of MC-LR (76%), MC-RR (14%), MC-YR (6%), and MC-LA (3%). The lakes were dominated by the cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., which accounted for 75% of phytoplankton biovolume in Bear Lake and >90% in Muskegon Lake. Total microcystin concentration was positively correlated with cyanobacteria biovolume and turbidity (Muskegon Lake) and total phosphorus (Bear Lake), while negatively correlated with ammonia (Bear Lake) and nitrate (both lakes). The relationships between microcystins and environmental factors differed between lakes, despite hydrologic connectivity, suggesting that local conditions have a greater influence on toxin production than regional effects. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was found in both systems; however, the assemblage does not appear to be capable of producing cylindrospermopsin due to the absence of the PKS gene. Although the Bear Lake discharge appears to be the source of C raciborskii, the physical/chemical properties of Muskegon Lake (lower turbidity and temperature, higher nitrate) may constrain the growth of this invasive species. Thus, local conditions in each lake are important in determining which species are capable of maintaining a viable population. (C) 2011 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xie, Liqiang; Rediske, Richard R.; O'Keefe, James; Hong, Ying; Steinman, Alan D.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resource Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
[Hagar, Janel] Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Neurosci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Dyble, Julianne] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Rediske, RR (reprint author), Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resource Inst, 740 W Shoreline Dr, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA.
EM redisker@gvsu.edu
OI Steinman, Alan/0000-0002-4886-4305
FU Michigan Department of Environmental Quality [481022-05]; Annis Water
Resources Institute
FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from the Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality (#481022-05) and the Annis Water
Resources Institute. Field and laboratory support was provided by Ying
Hong, Kate Rieger, Brian Scull, Macy Al-Shatel, and Gail Smythe. The
authors also would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers that
provided helpful comments on the manuscript and the Editor's Assistant
for his help with the figures.
NR 87
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 3
BP 470
EP 479
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.05.002
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 821MF
UT WOS:000294978400007
ER
PT J
AU Gronewold, AD
Clites, AH
Hunter, TS
Stow, CA
AF Gronewold, Andrew D.
Clites, Anne H.
Hunter, Timothy S.
Stow, Craig A.
TI An appraisal of the Great Lakes advanced hydrologic prediction system
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Water levels; Great Lakes; Forecasting; Uncertainty; Probabilistic
model; Model verification
ID UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WATER LEVELS; MODEL; QUALITY; RUNOFF;
PRECIPITATION; FORECASTS; REGIONALIZATION; CATCHMENTS; IMPACT
AB Great Lakes water level forecasts are used to inform decisions ranging from personal choices of recreational activities to corporate evaluations of alternative cargo transport options. For effective decision-making it is important that these model-based forecasts include an accurate expression of the forecast uncertainty, as well as information regarding the model forecasting skill. We provide an assessment of water level forecasts from 1997 through 2009 that were made using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System (AHPS). A visual comparison between observed and forecast water levels suggests that AHPS generally captures seasonal and inter-annual patterns. A more quantitative assessment based on the percentage of observations within 90% prediction intervals, however, indicates that AHPS generally underestimates the observed variability of Great Lakes water levels. This assessment provides a benchmark for forecast performance against which alternative model structures (including future evolutions of AHPS) can be tested, and a basis to identify and prioritize the implementation of those alternatives. Including a calibrated model error term into the AHPS framework, to accommodate the underestimated variability, is a priority for short-term development and research, and represents one step toward more accurately quantifying forecast uncertainty. Our results also underscore the importance of storing historical forecasts and the data from which they were derived to serve as a basis for assessing model performance and prioritizing future model improvements. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research.
C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Clites, Anne H.; Hunter, Timothy S.; Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM Drew.Gronewold@noaa.gov; Anne.Clites@noaa.gov; Tim.Hunter@noaa.gov;
Craig.Stow@noaa.gov
OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529
NR 51
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 3
BP 577
EP 583
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2011.06.010
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 821MF
UT WOS:000294978400017
ER
PT J
AU Yue, CJ
Lu, XQ
Li, XF
Zong, ZP
AF Yue Cai-jun
Lu Xiao-qin
Li, Xiaofan
Zong Zhi-ping
TI A STUDY OF PARTITIONING Q VECTOR ON BACKGROUND CONDITIONS OF A
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL OVER SHANGHAI, CHINA ON 25 AUGUST 2008
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE background conditions of torrential rainfall; partitioning of Q vector;
dry ageostrophic Q vector; diabatic heating
ID GEOSTROPHIC VERTICAL MOTIONS; VORTICITY; DIAGNOSIS; CYCLONE;
FRONTOGENESIS; COMPONENTS; SHEARWISE
AB A rainfall that occurred during 0200-1400 Beijing Standard Time (BST) 25 August 2008 shows the rapid development of a convective system, a short life span, and a record rate of 117.5 mm 111 for Xujiahui station since 1872. To study this torrential rainfall process, the partitioning method of Q vector is developed, in which a moist Q vector is first separated into a dry ageostrophic Q vector (Q(D)) and a diabatic-heating component. The dry ageostrophic Q vector is further partitioned along isothermal lines in the natural coordinate to identify different scale forcing in adiabatic atmosphere, and the large-scale and convective condensational heating in non-uniform saturated atmosphere, convective condensational heating, and Laplace of diabatic heating that includes radiative heating and other heating and cooling processes, are calculated to study the forcing from diabatic heating. The effects of the environmental conditions on the development of the rainfall processes are diagnosed by performing the partitioning of Q vector based on 6-hourly NCEP/NCAR Final Analysis (FNL) data with the horizontal resolution of 1 degrees x 1 degrees. The results include the following: (1) a low-pressure inverted trough associated with the landfall of Typhoon Nuri (2008), a strong southwesterly jet along the western side of the subtropical high, and an eastward-propagating westerly low-pressure trough provide favorable synoptic conditions for the development of torrential rainfall; (2) the analysis of Q(D) vector showed that the upward motions forced by the convergence of Q(D) vector in the lower troposphere (1000-600 hPa) favor the development of torrential rainfall. When Q(D) vector converges in the upper troposphere (500-100 hPa), upward motions in the whole air column intensify significantly to accelerate the development of torrential rainfall; (3) the partitioning analysis of Q(D) vector reveals that large-scale forcing persistently favors the development of torrential rainfall whereas the mesoscale forcing speeds up the torrential rainfall; (4) the calculations of large-scale condensational heating in non-uniform saturated atmosphere, convective condensational heating, and Laplace of diabatic heating showed that the forcing related to diabatic heating has the positive feedback on the convective development, and such positive feedback decays and dissipates when the convective system propagates eastward and weakens.
C1 [Yue Cai-jun; Lu Xiao-qin] China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Yue Cai-jun; Lu Xiao-qin] CMA, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Zong Zhi-ping] Natl Meteorol Ctr CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
RP Yue, CJ (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
EM yuecaijun2000@163.com
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875025, 40875030,
40775033, 40921160381]; Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China
[08ZR1422900]; New Meteorology Technology of the China Meteorological
Administration [09A13]
FX Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875025,
40875030, 40775033, 40921160381), Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of
China (08ZR1422900), Key Promotion Project of New Meteorology Technology
of the China Meteorological Administration in 2009 (09A13)
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS
PI GUANGZHOU
PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-8775
J9 J TROP METEOROL
JI J. Trop. Meteorol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 3
BP 231
EP 247
DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2011.03.005
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 820VX
UT WOS:000294935300005
ER
PT J
AU Lass, EA
Zhu, AW
Shiflet, GJ
Poon, SJ
AF Lass, Eric A.
Zhu, Aiwu
Shiflet, G. J.
Poon, S. Joseph
TI Incorporation of defects into the central atoms model of a metallic
glass
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Metallic glasses; Short-range ordering; Thermodynamic modeling; Atomic
structure; Defects
ID THERMAL-STABILITY; STRUCTURAL MODEL; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR;
PACKING; ENERGY
AB The central atoms model (CAM) of a metallic glass is extended to incorporate thermodynamically stable defects, similar to vacancies in a crystalline solid, within the amorphous structure. A bond deficiency (BD), which is the proposed defect present in all metallic glasses, is introduced into the CAM equations. Like vacancies in a crystalline solid, BDs are thermodynamically stable entities because of the increase in entropy associated with their creation, and there is an equilibrium concentration present in the glassy phase. When applied to Cu-Zr and Ni-Zr binary metallic glasses, the concentration of thermally induced BDs surrounding Zr atoms reaches a relatively constant value at the glass transition temperature, regardless of composition within a given glass system. Using this "critical" defect concentration, the predicted temperatures at which the glass transition is expected to occur are in good agreement with the experimentally determined glass transition temperatures for both alloy systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Lass, Eric A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhu, Aiwu; Shiflet, G. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Poon, S. Joseph] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA.
RP Lass, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM eric.lass@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014
FU DARPA under ONR [N00014-06-1-0492]; National Research Council
FX The authors are grateful for support by the DARPA Structural Amorphous
Metals Program under ONR Grant N00014-06-1-0492. E.A.L. would also like
to thank the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research
Associateship Program for its support.
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 59
IS 16
BP 6341
EP 6350
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.06.044
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 820WK
UT WOS:000294936600014
ER
PT J
AU Lefohn, AS
Wernli, H
Shadwick, D
Limbach, S
Oltmans, SJ
Shapiro, M
AF Lefohn, Allen S.
Wernli, Heini
Shadwick, Douglas
Limbach, Sebastian
Oltmans, Samuel J.
Shapiro, Melvyn
TI The importance of stratospheric-tropospheric transport in affecting
surface ozone concentrations in the western and northern tier of the
United States
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Background ozone; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange;
Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport; Surface ozone
ID CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; BACKGROUND OZONE;
BOUNDARY-LAYER; INTRUSIONS; CLIMATOLOGY; AIR; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE;
BUDGET
AB Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange (STE) processes contribute at both high and low-elevation monitoring sites to background ozone (O(3)) concentrations. This study addresses the importance of stratospheric intrusions contributing to enhanced hourly average surface O(3) concentrations (i.e., >= 50 ppb) at 12 O(3) monitoring stations in the western and northern tier of the US for 2006, 2007, and 2008. The Lagrangian Analysis Tool (LAGRANTO) trajectory model identified specific days when stratosphere-to-troposphere transport was optimal to elevate surface O(3) levels. The coincidences between the number of days with a daily maximum hourly average O(3) concentration >= 50 ppb and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport to surface (STT-S > 0) were quantified. The high-elevation site at Yellowstone National Park (NP) in Wyoming exhibited the most coincidences (i.e., more than 19 days a month) during the spring and summer for hourly average O(3) concentrations >= 50 ppb with STT-S> 0 of the 12 monitoring sites. At this site, the daily maximum hourly springtime average O(3) concentrations were usually in the 60-70 ppb range. The maximum daily 8-h average concentrations mostly ranged from 50 to 65 ppb. At many of the lower-elevation sites, there was a preference for O(3) enhancements to be coincident with STT-s > 0 during the springtime, although summertime occurrences were sometimes observed. When statistically significant coincidences occurred, the daily maximum hourly average concentrations were mostly in the 50-65 ppb range and the daily maximum 8-h average concentrations were usually in the 50-62 ppb range. For many cases, the coincidences between the enhancements and the STT-S events occurred over a continuous multiday period. Supplementary observations, such as (1) the greater frequency of O(3) concentration enhancements occurring during the springtime versus other times of the year, (2) the elevation dependency of the frequency of enhancements, (3) the year-to-year variability, (4) the timing of the hour-by-hour occurrences of the O(3) concentration enhancements within and across monitoring sites, and (5) the detailed analyses of O(3) enhancement events at specific sites, provide additional support for our modeling and statistical results. Our analysis provides an important step in better understanding the variability of natural background O(3) concentrations. The study has provided insight into stratospheric intrusions, with emphasis on the combined role of quasi-isentropic large-scale advection and mesoscale boundary layer turbulence for stratospheric air influencing enhanced surface O(3). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Wernli, Heini] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Limbach, Sebastian] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
[Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Shapiro, Melvyn] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 N Last Chance Gulch,Suite 410, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
EM alefohn@asl-associates.com; heini.wernli@env.ethz.ch;
dougshadwick@nc.rr.com; limbach@uni-mainz.de; Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov;
mshapiro@ucar.edu
NR 39
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 28
BP 4845
EP 4857
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.014
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 807WN
UT WOS:000293933800004
ER
PT J
AU Emmerich, SJ
Polidoro, B
Axley, JW
AF Emmerich, Steven J.
Polidoro, Brian
Axley, James W.
TI Impact of adaptive thermal comfort on climatic suitability of natural
ventilation in office buildings
SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
LA English
DT Article
DE Natural ventilation; Green buildings; Hybrid ventilation; Design method;
Climate suitability; Sustainable building; Thermal comfort; HVAC systems
AB In earlier work [1]. NIST developed a climate suitability analysis method to evaluate the potential of a given location for direct ventilative cooling and nighttime ventilative cooling. The direct ventilative cooling may be provided by either a natural ventilation system or a fan-powered economizer system. The climate suitability analysis is based on a general single-zone thermal model of a building configured to make optimal use of direct and/or nighttime ventilative cooling. This paper describes a new tool implementing this climate suitability methodology and its capability to consider an adaptive thermal comfort option and presents results from its application to analyze a variety of U.S. climates. The adaptive thermal comfort option has the potential to substantially increase the effectiveness of natural ventilation cooling for many U.S. cities. However, this impact is very dependent on the acceptable humidity range. If a dewpoint limit is used, the increase is significant for a dry climate such as Phoenix but much smaller for humid climates such as Miami. While ASHRAE Standard 55 does not impose a limit on humidity when using the adaptive thermal comfort option, the necessity of limiting humidity for other reasons needs to be considered. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Emmerich, Steven J.; Polidoro, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Axley, James W.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.
RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM steven.emmerich@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 13
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0378-7788
J9 ENERG BUILDINGS
JI Energy Build.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 43
IS 9
BP 2101
EP 2107
DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.04.016
PG 7
WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 819NZ
UT WOS:000294834900007
ER
PT J
AU Regonda, S
Zagona, E
Rajagopalan, B
AF Regonda, Satish
Zagona, Edith
Rajagopalan, Balaji
TI Prototype Decision Support System for Operations on the Gunnison Basin
with Improved Forecasts
SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Decision support system; Water resources management; Ensemble streamflow
forecast; Climate information; Gunnison
ID STREAMFLOW FORECASTS; MANAGEMENT; COLUMBIA
AB Numerous studies have developed new methods for skillful long-lead seasonal streamflow forecasts, especially in the western United States, and most assume that the streamflow forecast skills translate into improved water resources decision making, but there has been little comprehensive demonstration of this. This translation is not straightforward because the decision system is nonlinear. This paper develops a prototype decision support system (DSS) to systematically evaluate the translation of streamflow forecast skills to water resource operational variables and decision variables in the Gunnison River basin (GRB). The DSS consists of two main modules: (1) a multimodel ensemble streamflow forecast module that uses large-scale climate information and issues forecast ensembles, and (2) a decision support module (developed in the generalized decision tool, RiverWare) that captures the seasonal operations and management of the GRB water resources system. Ensembles of streamflow forecast scenarios drive the decision support module, resulting in an ensemble of various variables pertaining to operations of the reservoirs. The DSS is run with streamflow forecast ensembles for the spring season issued on January 1 and April 1 and also the climatological and observed streamflows. The skills of the various variables, e.g., power generated and end of season reservoir storages, are computed. The results demonstrate that the skills from the streamflow forecasts are well transferred to the operational variables, enabling more effective decision making as early as January, when the snow information is partial at best. This integrated and comprehensive prototype DSS is believed to be one of the early attempts to demonstrate the utility of streamflow forecasts in a decision-making context. This DSS framework can be easily transferred to other basins. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000133. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Regonda, Satish] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Regonda, Satish] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA.
[Zagona, Edith] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, CADSWES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Regonda, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM satish.regonda@noaa.gov
RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013
OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240
FU NOAA [NA17RJ1229]; University of Colorado, Boulder
FX This work was produced while the first author was a Ph.D. student at the
University of Colorado at Boulder and was supported by the NOAA Regional
Integrated Sciences and Assessment Program (NOAA cooperative agreement
NA17RJ1229) and CADSWES at the University of Colorado, Boulder. The
authors thank the anonymous reviewers and the associated editor for
insightful comments and suggestions. The views in this manuscript are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
U.S. government or the National Weather Service.
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 11
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9496
J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE
JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 5
BP 428
EP 438
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000133
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 818WR
UT WOS:000294787100005
ER
PT J
AU Aberson, SD
AF Aberson, Sim D.
TI The Impact of Dropwindsonde Data from the THORPEX Pacific Area Regional
Campaign and the NOAA Hurricane Field Program on Tropical Cyclone
Forecasts in the Global Forecast System
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE ENERGY DISPERSION; SYNOPTIC SURVEILLANCE; PREEXISTING TYPHOON;
TRACK FORECASTS; PREDICTION; DOTSTAR; MODELS; BASIN
AB Four aircraft released dropwindsondes in and around tropical cyclones in the west Pacific during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Area Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in 2008 and the Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR); multiple aircraft concurrently participated in similar missions in the Atlantic. Previous studies have treated each region separately and have focused on the tropical cyclones whose environments were sampled. The large number of missions and tropical cyclones in both regions, and additional tropical cyclones in the east Pacific and Indian Oceans, allows for the global impact of these observations on tropical cyclone track forecasts to be studied.
The study shows that there are unintended global consequences to local changes in initial conditions, in this case due to the assimilation of dropwindsonde data in tropical cyclone environments. These global impacts are mainly due to the spectral nature of the model system. These differences should be small and slightly positive, since improved local initial conditions should lead to small global forecast improvements. However, the impacts on tropical cyclones far removed from the data are shown to be as large and positive as those on the tropical cyclones specifically targeted for improved track forecasts. Causes of this unexpected result are hypothesized, potentially providing operational forecasters tools to identify when large remote impacts from surveillance missions might occur.
C1 NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov
RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013
OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 9
BP 2689
EP 2703
DI 10.1175/2011MWR3634.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 820UR
UT WOS:000294932100001
ER
PT J
AU Schreck, CJ
Molinari, J
AF Schreck, Carl J., III
Molinari, John
TI Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Kelvin Waves and the Madden-Julian
Oscillation
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; INTRASEASONAL VARIATIONS; CYCLONE ACTIVITY;
WESTERN PACIFIC; EASTERN PACIFIC; LIFE-CYCLE; MODULATION; MJO;
CIRCULATION; CLUSTERS
AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) influences tropical cyclone formation around the globe. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves are often embedded within the MJO, but their role in tropical cyclogenesis remains uncertain. This case study identifies the influences of the MJO and a series of Kelvin waves on the formation of two tropical cyclones.
Typhoons Rammasun and Chataan developed in the western North Pacific on 28 June 2002. Two weeks earlier, conditions had been unfavorable for tropical cyclogenesis because of uniform trade easterlies and a lack of organized convection. The easterlies gave way to equatorial westerlies as the convective envelope of the Madden-Julian oscillation moved into the region. A series of three Kelvin waves modulated the development of the westerlies. Cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) developed in a strip between the growing equatorial westerlies and the persistent trade easterlies farther poleward. Rammasun and Chataan emerged from the apparent breakdown of this strip.
The cyclonic PV developed in association with diabatic heating from both the MJO and the Kelvin waves. The tropical cyclones also developed during the largest superposition of equatorial westerlies from the MJO and the Kelvin waves. This chain of events suggests that the MJO and the Kelvin waves each played a role in the development of Rammasun and Chataan.
C1 [Schreck, Carl J., III] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
[Molinari, John] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA.
RP Schreck, CJ (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
EM carl.schreck@noaa.gov
RI Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011
OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754
FU NSF [ATM0839991]
FX This research has benefited greatly from conversations with Paul Roundy
and Adam Sobel. We obtained the rainfall data from the NASA Goddard
Distributed Active Archive Center (online at http://mirador.
gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/mirador/presentNavigation.pl?tree=
project&project=TRMM/). We are grateful to David Vollaro and Karen Mohr
for their assistance in obtaining and interpolating this data. This work
was supported by NSF Grant ATM0839991.
NR 46
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 9
BP 2723
EP 2734
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05060.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 820UR
UT WOS:000294932100003
ER
PT J
AU Doyle, JD
Gabersek, S
Jiang, QF
Bernardet, L
Brown, JM
Dornbrack, A
Filaus, E
Grubisic, V
Kirshbaum, DJ
Knoth, O
Koch, S
Schmidli, J
Stiperski, I
Vosper, S
Zhong, SY
AF Doyle, James D.
Gabersek, Sasa
Jiang, Qingfang
Bernardet, Ligia
Brown, John M.
Doernbrack, Andreas
Filaus, Elmar
Grubisic, Vanda
Kirshbaum, Daniel J.
Knoth, Oswald
Koch, Steven
Schmidli, Juerg
Stiperski, Ivana
Vosper, Simon
Zhong, Shiyuan
TI An Intercomparison of T-REX Mountain-Wave Simulations and Implications
for Mesoscale Predictability
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS;
LIMITED-AREA MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVES; DOWNSLOPE WINDS; DRAG
PARAMETRIZATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTIONS; SYSTEM ARPS; FLOW; BREAKING
AB Numerical simulations of flow over steep terrain using 11 different nonhydrostatic numerical models are compared and analyzed. A basic benchmark and five other test cases are simulated in a two-dimensional framework using the same initial state, which is based on conditions during Intensive Observation Period (IOP) 6 of the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX), in which intense mountain-wave activity was observed. All of the models use an identical horizontal resolution of 1 km and the same vertical resolution. The six simulated test cases use various terrain heights: a 100-m bell-shaped hill, a 1000-m idealized ridge that is steeper on the lee slope, a 2500-m ridge with the same terrain shape, and a cross-Sierra terrain profile. The models are tested with both free-slip and no-slip lower boundary conditions.
The results indicate a surprisingly diverse spectrum of simulated mountain-wave characteristics including lee waves, hydraulic-like jump features, and gravity wave breaking. The vertical velocity standard deviation is twice as large in the free-slip experiments relative to the no-slip simulations. Nevertheless, the no-slip simulations also exhibit considerable variations in the wave characteristics. The results imply relatively low predictability of key characteristics of topographically forced flows such as the strength of downslope winds and stratospheric wave breaking. The vertical flux of horizontal momentum, which is a domain-integrated quantity, exhibits considerable spread among the models, particularly for the experiments with the 2500-m ridge and Sierra terrain. The differences among the various model simulations, all initialized with identical initial states, suggest that model dynamical cores may be an important component of diversity for the design of mesoscale ensemble systems for topographically forced flows. The intermodel differences are significantly larger than sensitivity experiments within a single modeling system.
C1 [Doyle, James D.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Gabersek, Sasa] UCAR, Monterey, CA USA.
[Bernardet, Ligia; Brown, John M.; Koch, Steven] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA.
[Doernbrack, Andreas] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Filaus, Elmar; Knoth, Oswald] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany.
[Grubisic, Vanda] Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
[Kirshbaum, Daniel J.] Univ Reading, Reading, Berks, England.
[Schmidli, Juerg] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Stiperski, Ivana] Meteorol & Hydrol Serv, Zagreb, Croatia.
[Vosper, Simon] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Zhong, Shiyuan] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Bernardet, Ligia] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Doyle, JD (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
EM james.doyle@nrlmry.navy.mil
RI Schmidli, Juerg/G-9282-2012; Bernardet, Ligia/N-3357-2014; Brown,
John/D-3361-2015
OI Schmidli, Juerg/0000-0002-6322-6512;
FU Office of Naval Research [0601153N]; Swiss National Science Foundation
[PA002-111427]; NSF [ATM-0524891]; Croatian Ministry of Science
[004-1193086-3036]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0646299]; National
Center of Atmospheric Research
FX We acknowledge the contribution of the T-REX scientists, forecasters,
staff, NCAR staff, and flight crews. The first three authors acknowledge
support through the Office of Naval Research's Program Element 0601153N.
J. Schmidli was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Grant
PA002-111427. ARPS is developed by the Center for Analysis and
Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma. Brian Jamison provided
invaluable assistance with the WRF-ARW runs. In the early stages of this
work, Prof. Grubisic was supported by an NSF Grant ATM-0524891 to the
Desert Research Institute. Ivana Stiperski acknowledges support of the
Croatian Ministry of Science through Grant 004-1193086-3036 to the
Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. S. Zhong acknowledges
the support of the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0646299. Drs.
Kirshbaum and Zhong's simulations were performed using a supercomputing
grant from the National Center of Atmospheric Research, which is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Computational resources
were supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the Department of
Defense Major Shared Resource Centers.
NR 65
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 9
BP 2811
EP 2831
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-10-05042.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 820UR
UT WOS:000294932100009
ER
PT J
AU Cao, J
Xu, Q
AF Cao, Jie
Xu, Qin
TI Computing Hydrostatic Potential Vorticity in Terrain-Following
Coordinates
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CYCLOGENESIS; PREDICTION; INVERSION; DIAGNOSIS
AB The hydrostatic potential vorticity (HPV) formulated in terrain-following coordinates is reviewed and shown to be equivalent to the widely used HPV formulations in the height, pressure, and isentropic coordinates in the sense that they all represent the same HPV substance and retain the same conservation property. The HPV formulation in terrain-following coordinates can be applied directly to model-simulated velocity and thermodynamic fields on the model's original terrain-following grid to avoid coordinate transformation and eliminate grid interpolation error. This advantage and its significance are demonstrated by a numerical example.
C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Cao, Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Cao, Jie] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov
RI Cao, Jie/G-4435-2012
FU ONR [N000141010778]; China's National Natural Sciences Foundation
[40930950, 40775031]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce
[NA17RJ1227]
FX We are thankful to Dr. Mark Stoelinga and the anonymous reviewer for
their comments and suggestions that improved the quality and accuracy of
the presentation of the paper. Dr. Mark Stoelinga generously shared his
insights on HPV computations and provided accurate information on the
history of RIP development (cited in the paper). The COAPMS simulated
data fields used in this study are provided graciously by Dr. Qingyun
Zhao and Li Wei. The research was supported by the ONR Grant
N000141010778 to the University of Oklahoma, and by China's National
Natural Sciences Foundation Grants 40930950 and 40775031 to the
Institute of Atmospheric Physics. Funding was also provided by
NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce.
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 9
BP 2955
EP 2961
DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00083.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 820UR
UT WOS:000294932100016
ER
PT J
AU Hendler, RW
Meuse, CW
Braiman, MS
Smith, PD
Kakareka, JW
AF Hendler, Richard W.
Meuse, Curtis W.
Braiman, Mark S.
Smith, Paul D.
Kakareka, John W.
TI Infrared and Visible Absolute and Difference Spectra of
Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle Intermediates
SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Kinetic analysis; Reversible homogeneous model; Parallel cycles;
Arginine 82 deprotonation; Proton release group; PRG; Flash photolysis;
Purple membrane; Infrared spectroscopy
ID RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; PROTON-RELEASE GROUP; ACID SIDE-CHAINS; PURPLE
MEMBRANE; HALOBACTERIUM-SALINARIUM; CHROMOPHORE STRUCTURE; PARALLEL
PHOTOCYCLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; N-INTERMEDIATE; KINETIC-MODELS
AB We have used new kinetic fitting procedures to obtain infrared (IR) absolute spectra for intermediates of the main bacteriorhodopsin (bR) photocycle(s). The linear-algebra-based procedures of Hendler et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B, 105,3319-3228(2001)) for obtaining clean absolute visible spectra of bR photocycle intermediates were adapted for use with IR data. This led to isolation, for the first time, of corresponding clean absolute IR spectra, including the separation of the M intermediate into its M-F and M-S components from parallel photocycles. This in turn permitted the computation of clean IR difference spectra between pairs of successive intermediates, allowing for the most rigorous analysis to date of changes occurring at each step of the photocycle. The statistical accuracy of the spectral calculation methods allows us to identify, with great confidence, new spectral features. One of these is a very strong differential IR band at 1650 cm(-1) for the L intermediate at room temperature that is not present in analogous L spectra measured at cryogenic temperatures. This band, in one of the noisiest spectral regions, has not been identified in any previous time-resolved ER papers, although retrospectively it is apparent as one of the strongest L absorbance changes in their raw data, considered collectively. Additionally, our results are most consistent with Arg82 as the primary proton-release group (PRG), rather than a protonated water cluster or H-bonded grouping of carboxylic residues. Notably, the Arg82 deprotonation occurs exclusively in the M-F pathway of the parallel cycles model of the photocycle.
C1 [Hendler, Richard W.] NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Hendler, Richard W.; Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Braiman, Mark S.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
[Smith, Paul D.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Kakareka, John W.] NIH, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Hendler, RW (reprint author), NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bldg 37, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM rwh@helix.nih.gov; mbraiman@syr.edu
OI Kakareka, John/0000-0003-0072-0035
FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA HL000518-10]
NR 60
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 17
PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
PI FREDERICK
PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA
SN 0003-7028
J9 APPL SPECTROSC
JI Appl. Spectrosc.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 65
IS 9
BP 1029
EP 1045
DI 10.1366/11-06302
PG 17
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy
GA 819MV
UT WOS:000294831900010
PM 21929858
ER
PT J
AU Du, P
Girard, E
Bertram, AK
Shupe, MD
AF Du, Ping
Girard, Eric
Bertram, Allan K.
Shupe, Matthew D.
TI Modeling of the cloud and radiation processes observed during SHEBA
SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Arctic climate; Clouds; Microphysics; Radiation processes; Ice nuclei;
Acid coating
ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODELS; BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; ARCTIC
CLOUD; ICE-NUCLEATION; ANNUAL CYCLE; SEA-ICE; PART I; MINERAL DUST;
SURFACE; SCHEME
AB Six microphysics schemes implemented in the climate version of the Environment Canada's Global Multiscale Environmental (GEM) model are used to simulate the cloud and radiation processes observed during Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment. The simplest microphysics scheme (SUN) has one prognostic variable: the total cloud water content. The second microphysics scheme (MLO) has 12 prognostic variables. The four other microphysics schemes are modified versions of MLO. A new parameterization for heterogeneous ice nucleation based on laboratory experiments is included in these versions of MW. One is for uncoated ice nuclei (ML-NAC) and another is for sulfuric acid coated ice nuclei (ML-AC). ML-AC and ML-NAC have been developed to distinguish non-polluted and polluted air masses, the latter being common over the Arctic during winter and spring. A sensitivity study, in which the dust concentration is reduced by a factor 5, is also performed to assess the sensitivity of the results to the dust concentration in ML-AC-test and ML-NAC-test.
Results show that SUN, ML-AC and ML-AC-test reproduce quite well the downward longwave radiation and cloud radiative forcing during the cold season. The good results obtained with SUN are due to compensating errors. It overestimates cloud fraction and underestimates cloud liquid water path during winter. ML-AC and ML-AC-test reproduces quite well all these variables and their relationships. MLO. ML-NAC and ML-NAC-test underestimate the cloud liquid water path and cloud fraction during the cold season, which leads to an underestimation of the downward longwave radiation at surface. During summer, all versions of the model underestimate the downward shortwave radiation at surface. ML-AC and ML-NAC overestimate the total cloud water during the warm season, however, they reproduce relatively well the relationships between cloud radiative forcing and cloud microstructure, which is not the case for the most simple scheme SUN. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Du, Ping; Girard, Eric] Univ Quebec, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, ESCER Ctr, Stn Downtown, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
[Bertram, Allan K.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
[Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Girard, E (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, ESCER Ctr, Stn Downtown, POB 8888, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
EM girard.eric@uqam.ca
RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011
OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982
FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); U.S.
Department of Energy [DO-FG02-05ER63965]; NSF SHEBA [OPP-9701730]
FX We thank the SHEBA atmospheric surface flux group and NOAA/ETL cloud
radar group for access to their observational data. P. Du, E. Girard and
A.K. Bertram were funded by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and
Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS). The contributions of M.D. Shupe were
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DO-FG02-05ER63965 and
the NSF SHEBA Agreement OPP-9701730.
NR 67
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0169-8095
J9 ATMOS RES
JI Atmos. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 101
IS 4
BP 911
EP 927
DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.05.018
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 816EI
UT WOS:000294581100010
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, PM
Kundu, S
Beers, KL
AF Johnson, Peter M.
Kundu, Santanu
Beers, Kathryn L.
TI Modeling Enzymatic Kinetic Pathways for Ring-Opening Lactone
Polymerization
SO BIOMACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; CATALYZED
POLYMERIZATION; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE); TERMINATION; SIZE;
BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE; POLYESTERS
AB A unified kinetic pathway for the enzyme-catalyzed polymerization and degradation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) was developed. This model tracks the complete distribution of individual chain lengths, both enzyme-bound and in solution, and successfully predicts monomer conversion and the molecular mass distribution as a function of reaction time. As compared to reported experimental data for polymerization reactions, modeled kinetics generate similar trends, with ring opening rates and water concentration as key factors to controlling molecular mass distributions. Water is critically important by dictating the number of linear chains in solution, shifting the molecular mass distribution at which propagation and degradation equilibrate. For the enzymatic degradation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone), the final reaction product is also consistent with the equilibrium dictated by the propagation and degradation rates. When the modeling framework described here is used, further experiments can be designed to isolate key reaction steps and provide methods for improving the efficiency of enzyme polymerization.
C1 [Johnson, Peter M.; Kundu, Santanu; Beers, Kathryn L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Beers, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kathryn.beers@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1525-7797
J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES
JI Biomacromolecules
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 12
IS 9
BP 3337
EP 3343
DI 10.1021/bm2009312
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science
GA 817TH
UT WOS:000294699000027
PM 21834510
ER
PT J
AU Castro, J
Bentz, D
Weiss, J
AF Castro, Javier
Bentz, Dale
Weiss, Jason
TI Effect of sample conditioning on the water absorption of concrete
SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
DE Water absorption; Sample conditioning; Moisture effect; Relative
humidity
ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SORPTIVITY; MORTARS; MICROCRACKING; DIFFUSION
AB ASTM C1585 is commonly used to determine the absorption and rate of absorption of water in unsaturated hydraulic cement concretes. Unfortunately, a wide range of relative humidities can exist in the samples after this relatively short conditioning period and such variation may considerably influence the test results. Three main variables were studied in this program: the water to cement ratio, the paste volume fraction, and the effect of sample conditioning. The results confirm that water absorption testing is considerably influenced by sample preparation. Samples conditioned at 50% relative humidity can show up to six times greater total absorption than similar samples conditioned at 80% relative humidity. Samples that were conditioned in the oven at 105 degrees C do not appear to follow a similar trend when compared with specimens conditioned in chambers at lower temperatures for a longer duration. The absorption is also influenced by the volume of paste in the samples. The experiments show that a lack of control on moisture content or lack of consideration of the material composition may lead to a misunderstanding of the actual absorption behavior. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Castro, Javier] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Engn, Santiago, Chile.
[Bentz, Dale] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Castro, J (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Sch Engn, Casilla 306,Correo 22, Santiago, Chile.
EM jecastro@ing.puc.cl; dale.bentz@nist.gov; wjweiss@purdue.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI CASTRO, JAVIER/0000-0002-2510-985X; Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980
FU Joint Transportation Research Program [SPR 3093]; Center for Advanced
Cement Based Materials
FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Transportation Research
Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and
Purdue University (Project SPR 3093). The contents of this paper reflect
the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the
accuracy of the data presented herein, and do not necessarily reflect
the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration and
the Indiana Department of Transportation, nor do the contents constitute
a standard, specification, or regulation. The authors gratefully
acknowledge support received from the Center for Advanced Cement Based
Materials.
NR 35
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0958-9465
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP
JI Cem. Concr. Compos.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 33
IS 8
BP 805
EP 813
DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.05.007
PG 9
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 818IW
UT WOS:000294746400004
ER
PT J
AU Bentz, DP
Hansen, AS
Guynn, JM
AF Bentz, Dale P.
Hansen, Andrew S.
Guynn, John M.
TI Optimization of cement and fly ash particle sizes to produce sustainable
concretes
SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
LA English
DT Article
DE Blended cement; Design of experiment; Fly ash; Hydration; Particle size
distribution; Strength; Sustainability
ID EARLY-AGE PROPERTIES; INERT FILLERS; RATIO; FINENESS; REPLACEMENT;
STRENGTH
AB In the drive to produce more sustainable concretes, considerable emphasis has been placed on replacing cement in concrete mixtures with more sustainable materials, both from a raw materials cost and a CO(2) footprint perspective. High volume fly ash concretes have been proposed as one potential approach for achieving substantial reductions in cement usage, but their usage is sometimes hampered by reduced early age strengths and dramatically increased setting times. One limitation of the current industry practice is that portland cements are generally only optimized for their performance in a pure cement, as opposed to a blended cement. system. In this paper, a new approach of optimizing the particle sizes of the cement and fly ash for achieving desired performance in a blended product will be presented. By appropriately selecting the particle size distributions of cement and fly ash, equivalent 1 d and 28 d strengths may be achieved with about a 35% volumetric replacement of cement with fly ash, while maintaining the same volume fraction of water in the mixture, thus providing an actual 35% reduction in cement content. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hansen, Andrew S.; Guynn, John M.] Roman Cement LLC, Salt Lake City, UT 84105 USA.
RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 7313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; andrew@RomanCement.com
NR 25
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0958-9465
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP
JI Cem. Concr. Compos.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 33
IS 8
BP 824
EP 831
DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.04.008
PG 8
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 818IW
UT WOS:000294746400006
ER
PT J
AU Duerr, RE
Downs, RR
Tilmes, C
Barkstrom, B
Lenhardt, WC
Glassy, J
Bermudez, LE
Slaughter, P
AF Duerr, Ruth E.
Downs, Robert R.
Tilmes, Curt
Barkstrom, Bruce
Lenhardt, W. Christopher
Glassy, Joseph
Bermudez, Luis E.
Slaughter, Peter
TI On the utility of identification schemes for digital earth science data:
an assessment and recommendations
SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Digital identifiers; Unique Identifiers; Permanent identifiers; Global
unique persistent identifiers
ID INFORMATION; SYSTEM
AB In recent years, a number of data identification technologies have been developed which purport to permanently identify digital objects. In this paper, nine technologies and systems for assigning persistent identifiers are assessed for their applicability to Earth science data (ARKs, DOIs, XRIs, Handles, LSIDs, OIDs, PURLs, URIs/URNs/URLs, and UUIDs). The evaluation used four use cases that focused on the suitability of each scheme to provide Unique Identifiers for Earth science data objects, to provide Unique Locators for the objects, to serve as Citable Locators, and to uniquely identify the scientific contents of data objects if the data were reformatted. Of all the identifier schemes assessed, the one that most closely meets all of the requirements for an Unique Identifier is the UUID scheme. Any of the URL/URI/IRI-based identifier schemes assessed could be used for Unique Locators. Since there are currently no strong market leaders to help make the choice among them, the decision must be based on secondary criteria. While most publications now allow the use of URLs in citations, so that all of the URL/URI/IRI based identification schemes discussed in this paper could potentially be used as a Citable Locator, DOIs are the identification scheme currently adopted by most commercial publishers. None of the identifier schemes assessed here even minimally address identification of scientifically identical numerical data sets under reformatting.
C1 [Duerr, Ruth E.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Downs, Robert R.] Columbia Univ, CIESIN, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Tilmes, Curt] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Bermudez, Luis E.] OGC, Herndon, VA 20170 USA.
[Slaughter, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Barkstrom, Bruce] NASA NOAA, Asheville, NC 28804 USA.
[Lenhardt, W. Christopher] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Glassy, Joseph] Lupine Log Inc, R&D, Missoula, MT 59802 USA.
RP Duerr, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rduerr@nsidc.org; rdowns@ciesin.columbia.edu; Curt.Tilmes@nasa.gov;
brbarkstrom@gmail.com; ledhardtc@ornl.gov; jglassy@lupinelogic.com;
lbermudez@opengeospatial.org; peter@eri.ucsb.edu
RI Tilmes, Curt/D-5637-2012; Downs, Robert/B-4153-2013; Lenhardt, W
Christopher/H-3257-2016;
OI Downs, Robert/0000-0002-8595-5134; Lenhardt, W
Christopher/0000-0001-9677-784X; Slaughter, Peter/0000-0002-2192-403X;
Tilmes, Curt/0000-0002-6512-0287; Duerr, Ruth/0000-0003-4808-4736
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG08HZ11C,
NNG08HZ07C, NNX08AN99A, NNX10AE07A]; National Science Foundation [ARC
0946625]
FX The authors are grateful for the support received from the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), including support received
for Robert Downs under contract NNG08HZ11C and the support for Ruth
Duerr received under contract NNG08HZ07C and grants NNX08AN99A and
NNX10AE07A. The authors are also grateful for the support received from
the National Science Foundation under grant ARC 0946625. Lastly, the
authors are grateful to the members of NASA's TIWG and the ESIP
Stewardship Cluster who materially contributed to the results of the
paper through many discussions during monthly teleconferences, list
serve discussions and twice yearly meetings.
NR 102
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1865-0473
EI 1865-0481
J9 EARTH SCI INFORM
JI Earth Sci. Inform.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 4
IS 3
BP 139
EP 160
DI 10.1007/s12145-011-0083-6
PG 22
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Geology
GA 818VT
UT WOS:000294784700004
ER
PT J
AU Holden, MJ
Madej, RM
Minor, P
Kalman, LV
AF Holden, Marcia J.
Madej, Roberta M.
Minor, Philip
Kalman, Lisa V.
TI Molecular diagnostics: harmonization through reference materials,
documentary standards and proficiency testing
SO EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
LA English
DT Review
DE DNA; documentary standards; external quality assessment; genetic
testing; infectious disease diagnostics; molecular methods; NAT; nucleic
acid testing; proficiency testing; reference material
ID ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL STANDARD; EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT;
GENOMIC REFERENCE MATERIALS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME;
QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; RNA CONTROLS;
AMPLIFICATION; ASSAYS
AB There is a great need for harmonization in nucleic acid testing for infectious disease and clinical genetics. The proliferation of assay methods, the number of targets for molecular diagnostics and the absence of standard reference materials contribute to variability in test results among laboratories. This article provides a comprehensive overview of reference materials, related documentary standards and proficiency testing programs. The article explores the relationships among these resources and provides necessary information for people practicing in this area that is not taught in formal courses and frequently is obtained on an ad hoc basis. The aim of this article is to provide helpful tools for molecular diagnostic laboratories.
C1 [Holden, Marcia J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Madej, Roberta M.] Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA.
[Minor, Philip] Hlth Protect Agcy, Natl Inst Biol Stand & Control, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
[Kalman, Lisa V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Holden, MJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM marcia.holden@nist.gov
NR 76
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 4
PU EXPERT REVIEWS
PI LONDON
PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB,
ENGLAND
SN 1473-7159
J9 EXPERT REV MOL DIAGN
JI Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 7
BP 741
EP 755
DI 10.1586/ERM.11.50
PG 15
WC Pathology
SC Pathology
GA 819RW
UT WOS:000294848400015
PM 21902536
ER
PT J
AU Naidu, GD
Manoj, C
Patro, PK
Sreedhar, SV
Harinarayana, T
AF Naidu, G. Dhanunjaya
Manoj, C.
Patro, P. K.
Sreedhar, Sreejesh V.
Harinarayana, T.
TI Deep electrical signatures across the Achankovil shear zone, Southern
Granulite Terrain inferred from magnetotellurics
SO GONDWANA RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Achankovil shear zone; Magnetotellurics; Deep resistivity structure;
Collision zone; Flower structure
ID NARMADA-SON LINEAMENT; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; PAN-AFRICAN SHEAR; GONDWANA
RECONSTRUCTIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC IMAGES; SOUTHWESTERN EDGE; CRUSTAL
STRUCTURE; CENTRAL INDIA; TECTONICS; BLOCK
AB Two parallel magnetotelluric (MT) traverses across the Achankovil shear zone (AKSZ) in southern India using a wide band (1 kHz-1 ks) data acquisition system, reveal the regional geo-electric average strike direction of N 40 degrees W, consistent with the geological strike direction of the AKSZ. The derived model shows distinct high electrical resistivity (> 1000 Omega m) for the upper crust below the Madurai Granulite Block (MGB) with a gentle dip towards south and a northerly dip below the Kerala Khondalite Block (KKB). The lower crust is resistive below both MGB and KKB while it is moderately conductive (< 500 Omega m) below AKSZ. Our study shows that the AKSZ is a tectonic divide between the MGB to the north and KKB to the south. The results together with an integration of seismic, gravity and heat flow data suggest a high dense and moderately conductive mantle material brought up to the mid-lower crust, and a thermally eroded crust with a flower structure at depth, in conformity with the model of AKSZ as the trace of a collisional suture. (C) 2010 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Naidu, G. Dhanunjaya; Manoj, C.; Patro, P. K.; Harinarayana, T.] CSIR, Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
[Manoj, C.] NGDC NOAA E CG2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sreedhar, Sreejesh V.] Reliance Ind Ltd, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
RP Naidu, GD (reprint author), CSIR, Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
EM dhanugeo@yahoo.co.in
RI Patro, Prasanta/E-3332-2010
FU Department of Science and Technology, Government of India
FX The Department of Science and Technology, Government of India supported
the present work under the LEGENDS project. The authors are grateful to
Prof. M. Santosh, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Japan for his
useful suggestions and critical reviews, which improved an earlier
version of the manuscript considerably and thanks are also due to an
anonymous reviewer for his critical review. We thank Dr. T. R.K. Chetty,
Scientist 'G,' NGRI and Dr. Alan S. Collins, The University of Adelaide.
Australia for their useful suggestions. We would like to thank the
director, NGRI for his encouragement and permission to publish this
work.
NR 86
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1342-937X
EI 1878-0571
J9 GONDWANA RES
JI Gondwana Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 20
IS 2-3
BP 405
EP 426
DI 10.1016/j.gr.2010.12.002
PG 22
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 809RZ
UT WOS:000294075700010
ER
PT J
AU Matei, I
Baras, JS
AF Matei, Ion
Baras, John S.
TI Optimal State Estimation for Discrete-Time Markovian Jump Linear
Systems, in the Presence of Delayed Output Observations
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE Markovian jump linear systems (MJLS); minimum mean square error (MMSE)
ID OBSERVER DESIGN
AB We investigate the design of optimal state estimators for Markovian Jump Linear Systems. We consider that the output observations and the mode observations are affected by delays not necessarily identical. Our objective is to design optimal estimators for the current state, given current and past observations. We provide a solution to this paradigm by giving an optimal recursive estimator for the state, in the minimum mean square sense, and a finitely parameterized recursive scheme for computing the probability mass function of the current mode conditioned on the observed output. We also show that if the output delay is less then the one in observing the mode, then the optimal state estimation becomes nonlinear in the output observations.
C1 [Matei, Ion] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Matei, Ion] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Matei, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM imatei@umd.edu; baras@umd.edu
NR 21
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9286
J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR
JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 56
IS 9
BP 2235
EP 2240
DI 10.1109/TAC.2011.2160027
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering
GA 819RP
UT WOS:000294847600029
ER
PT J
AU Boukabara, SA
Garrett, K
Chen, WC
Iturbide-Sanchez, F
Grassotti, C
Kongoli, C
Chen, RY
Liu, QH
Yan, BH
Weng, FZ
Ferraro, R
Kleespies, TJ
Meng, H
AF Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed
Garrett, Kevin
Chen, Wanchun
Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio
Grassotti, Christopher
Kongoli, Cezar
Chen, Ruiyue
Liu, Quanhua
Yan, Banghua
Weng, Fuzhong
Ferraro, Ralph
Kleespies, Thomas J.
Meng, Huan
TI MiRS: An All-Weather 1DVAR Satellite Data Assimilation and Retrieval
System
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing
Applications (MicroRad 2010)
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Washington, DC
SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Soc, Int Radio Sci
DE Atmospheric sounding; cloudy and rainy data assimilation; microwave
retrieval; surface sensing
ID AMSU MEASUREMENTS; MICROWAVE; EMISSIVITY; ALGORITHM; MODELS
AB A 1-D variational system has been developed to process spaceborne measurements. It is an iterative physical inversion system that finds a consistent geophysical solution to fit all radiometric measurements simultaneously. One of the particularities of the system is its applicability in cloudy and precipitating conditions. Although valid, in principle, for all sensors for which the radiative transfer model applies, it has only been tested for passive microwave sensors to date. The Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS) inverts the radiative transfer equation by finding radiometrically appropriate profiles of temperature, moisture, liquid cloud, and hydrometeors, as well as the surface emissivity spectrum and skin temperature. The inclusion of the emissivity spectrum in the state vector makes the system applicable globally, with the only differences between land, ocean, sea ice, and snow backgrounds residing in the covariance matrix chosen to spectrally constrain the emissivity. Similarly, the inclusion of the cloud and hydrometeor parameters within the inverted state vector makes the assimilation/inversion of cloudy and rainy radiances possible, and therefore, it provides an all-weather capability to the system. Furthermore, MiRS is highly flexible, and it could be used as a retrieval tool (independent of numerical weather prediction) or as an assimilation system when combined with a forecast field used as a first guess and/or background. In the MiRS, the fundamental products are inverted first and then are interpreted into secondary or derived products such as sea ice concentration, snow water equivalent (based on the retrieved emissivity) rainfall rate, total precipitable water, integrated cloud liquid amount, and ice water path (based on the retrieved atmospheric and hydrometeor products). The MiRS system was implemented operationally at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2007 for the NOAA-18 satellite. Since then, it has been extended to run for NOAA-19, Metop-A, and DMSP-F16 and F18 SSMI/S. This paper gives an overview of the system and presents brief results of the assessment effort for all fundamental and derived products.
C1 [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed; Weng, Fuzhong; Ferraro, Ralph; Kleespies, Thomas J.; Meng, Huan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Ctr Satellite Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Garrett, Kevin; Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio; Grassotti, Christopher; Chen, Ruiyue] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Chen, Wanchun; Liu, Quanhua] Dell Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Kongoli, Cezar; Yan, Banghua] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RP Boukabara, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Ctr Satellite Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM sid.boukabara@noaa.gov; kevin.garrett@noaa.gov; wanchun.chen@noaa.gov;
Flavio.Iturbide@noaa.goc; Chris.Grassotti@noaa.gov;
Cezar.Kingoli@noaa.gov; Ruiyue.Chen@noaa.gov; quanhua.liu@noaa.gov;
banghua.yan@noaa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov; ralph.r.ferraro@noaa.gov;
thomas.j.kleespies@noaa.gov; Huan.Meng@noaa.gov
RI chen, ruiyue/F-6708-2010; Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Boukabara, Sid
Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Iturbide-Sanchez,
Flavio/F-9186-2014; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Garrett,
Kevin/L-7582-2016; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Boukabara, Sid
Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X;
Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073; Ferraro,
Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Garrett, Kevin/0000-0002-7444-4363; Weng,
Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
NR 28
TC 41
Z9 46
U1 2
U2 20
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 9
SI SI
BP 3249
EP 3272
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2158438
PG 24
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815PE
UT WOS:000294536700011
ER
PT J
AU Sahoo, S
Reising, SC
Padmanabhan, S
Vivekanandan, J
Iturbide-Sanchez, F
Pierdicca, N
Pichelli, E
Cimini, D
AF Sahoo, Swaroop
Reising, Steven C.
Padmanabhan, Sharmila
Vivekanandan, Jothiram
Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio
Pierdicca, Nazzareno
Pichelli, Emanuela
Cimini, Domenico
TI Three-Dimensional Humidity Retrieval Using a Network of Compact
Microwave Radiometers to Correct for Variations in Wet Tropospheric Path
Delay in Spaceborne Interferometric SAR Imagery
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing
Applications (MicroRad 2010)
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Washington, DC
SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Soc, Int Radio Sci
DE Digital elevation models; humidity measurement; microwave radiometry;
moisture; remote sensing
ID WATER-VAPOR; SPECTROMETER; ABSORPTION; SURFACE; LINE
AB Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (InSAR) imaging has been used for over a decade to monitor tectonic movements and landslides, as well as to improve digital elevation models. However, InSAR is affected by variations in round-trip propagation delay due to changes in ionospheric total electron content and in tropospheric humidity and temperature along the signal path. One of the largest sources of uncertainty in estimates of tropospheric path delay is the spatial and temporal variability of water vapor density, which currently limits the quality of InSAR products. This problem can be partially addressed by using a number of SAR interferograms from subsequent satellite overpasses to reduce the degradation in the images or by analyzing a long time series of interferometric phases from permanent scatterers. However, if there is a sudden deformation of the Earth's surface, the detection of which is one of the principal objectives of InSAR measurements over land, the effect of water vapor variations cannot be removed, reducing the quality of the interferometric products. In those cases, high-resolution information on the atmospheric water vapor content and its variation with time can be crucial to mitigate the effect of wet-tropospheric path delay variations. This paper describes the use of a ground-based microwave radiometer network to retrieve 3-D water vapor density with fine spatial and temporal resolution, which can be used to reduce InSAR ambiguities due to changes in wet-tropospheric path delay. Retrieval results and comparisons between the integrated water vapor measured by the radiometer network and satellite data are presented.
C1 [Sahoo, Swaroop; Reising, Steven C.] Colorado State Univ, Microwave Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Padmanabhan, Sharmila] NASA, CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Vivekanandan, Jothiram] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IM Syst Grp, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Pierdicca, Nazzareno] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Informat Elect & Telecommun Engn, I-00184 Rome, Italy.
[Pichelli, Emanuela] Univ Aquila, Dept Phys, Ctr Excellence Remote Sensing & Modeling Severe W, I-67010 Coppito, Italy.
[Cimini, Domenico] Italian Natl Res Council IMAA CNR, Inst Methodol Environm Anal, I-85100 Potenza, Italy.
RP Sahoo, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Microwave Syst Lab, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM Swaroop.Sahoo@ColoState.edu; Steven.Reising@ColoState.edu;
sharmila.padmanabhan@jpl.nasa.gov; vivek@ucar.edu;
Flavio.Iturbide@noaa.gov; nazzareno.pierdicca@uniroma1.it;
emanuela.pichelli@aquila.infn.it; nico.cimini@aquila.infn.it
RI Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/F-9186-2014; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013;
Pichelli, Emanuela/G-7723-2015
OI Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073; Cimini,
Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X;
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 9
SI SI
BP 3281
EP 3290
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2119400
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815PE
UT WOS:000294536700013
ER
PT J
AU Iturbide-Sanchez, F
Boukabara, SA
Chen, RY
Garrett, K
Grassotti, C
Chen, WC
Weng, FZ
AF Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio
Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed
Chen, Ruiyue
Garrett, Kevin
Grassotti, Christopher
Chen, Wanchun
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Assessment of a Variational Inversion System for Rainfall Rate Over Land
and Water Surfaces
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing
Applications (MicroRad 2010)
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Washington, DC
SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Soc, Int Radio Sci
DE Microwave radiometry; rain; remote sensing; satellites
ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS;
SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; RESOLUTION; PROJECT; TRMM; VERIFICATION; EVENTS;
CLOUD
AB A comprehensive system that is used to invert the geophysical products from microwave measurements has recently been developed. This system, known as the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS), ensures that the final solution is consistent with the measurements and, when used as input to the forward operator, fits them to within the instrument noise levels. In the presence of precipitation, this variational algorithm retrieves a set of hydrometeor products consisting of cloud liquid water, ice water, and rain water content profiles. This paper presents the development and assessment of the MiRS rainfall rate that is derived based on a predetermined relationship of the rainfall with these hydrometeor products. Since this relationship relies on the geophysical products retrieved by the MiRS as inputs and not on sensor-dependent parameters, the technique is suitable for all microwave sensors to which the MiRS is applied. This precipitation technique has been designed to facilitate its transition from research to operations when applied to current and future satellite-based sensors. Currently, the MiRS rainfall rate technique has been implemented operationally at the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for the NOAA-18, NOAA-19, Metop-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, and Microwave Humidity Sensor, as well as for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)-F16 and DMSP-F18 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder microwave satellite sensors. For the validation of the MiRS rainfall rate technique, extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art precipitation products derived from rain gauge, ground-based radar, and satellite-based microwave observations are presented for different regions and seasons, and over land and ocean. The MiRS rainfall rate technique is shown to estimate precipitation, with a skill comparable to other satellite-based microwave precipitation algorithms, including the MSPPS, 3B40RT, and MWCOMB, while showing no discontinuities at coasts. This is a relevant result, considering that the MiRS is a system not merely designed to retrieve the rainfall rate but to consistently estimate a comprehensive set of atmospheric and surface parameters from microwave measurements.
C1 [Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio; Chen, Ruiyue; Garrett, Kevin; Grassotti, Christopher] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed; Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm Ctr Satellite Applicat &, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Chen, Wanchun] Dell Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Iturbide-Sanchez, F (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Flavio.Iturbide@noaa.gov; sid.boukabara@noaa.gov; Ruiyue.Chen@noaa.gov;
kevin.garrett@noaa.gov; Christopher.Grassotti@noaa.gov;
wanchun.chen@noaa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov
RI chen, ruiyue/F-6708-2010; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010;
Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/F-9186-2014; Garrett, Kevin/L-7582-2016; Weng,
Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Iturbide-Sanchez,
Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073; Garrett, Kevin/0000-0002-7444-4363; Weng,
Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 9
SI SI
BP 3311
EP 3333
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2119375
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815PE
UT WOS:000294536700016
ER
PT J
AU Mo, T
AF Mo, Tsan
TI Calibration of the NOAA AMSU-A Radiometers With Natural Test Sites
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing
Applications (MicroRad 2010)
CY MAR 01-04, 2010
CL Washington, DC
SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Soc, Int Radio Sci
DE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) measurements; brightness
temperatures over Antarctica; microwave radiometers; microwave remote
sensing; ocean brightness temperatures; satellite data
ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; LAND; CHANNELS
AB The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) instruments onboard NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 are investigated by comparison of the measurements from the two satellites over Antarctica and the tropical ocean. Characteristics of the data over the two test sites are demonstrated. Thirty-day mean brightness temperatures at nadir over Antarctica from NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 measurements show that there is minimal diurnal variability (< 0.5 K) in the measurements during the Antarctic winter months. Therefore, these measurements provide a practical approach to determine the relative intersatellite/intersensor calibration biases. The resultant biases for the two satellites are < 0.2 K for channels 1-5 and 8 and < 0.6 K for the other channels. Monthly mean angular distributions of brightness temperatures at the four window channels 1-3 and 15 from the satellites over the tropical ocean are compared to those of simulations, which are obtained with an ocean model of radiative transfer. These AMSU-A data provide a unique opportunity for the investigation of the scan-position-dependent biases (or asymmetries) of the data. The biases are revealed by the difference between the observed brightness temperatures and the simulations. The results in this study provide a useful guide for the calibration and validation of microwave instruments.
C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Mo, T (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RI Mo, Tsan/F-5614-2010
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 9
SI SI
BP 3334
EP 3342
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2104417
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815PE
UT WOS:000294536700017
ER
PT J
AU Yang, H
Weng, FZ
AF Yang, Hu
Weng, Fuzhong
TI Error Sources in Remote Sensing of Microwave Land Surface Emissivity
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Microwave radiometer; surface emissivity
ID WEATHER PREDICTION MODELS; SATELLITE DATA ASSIMILATION; AMSR-E;
RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; ALGORITHMS
AB The retrieval of land surface emissivity from satellite passive microwave measurements often requires the knowledge of various radiative components (e.g., atmospheric upwelling and downwelling radiation) contributed to the measurements. Under a cloud-free condition, atmospheric and surface radiative components can be derived from atmospheric temperature and water vapor, and surface temperature data. Thus, the quality of these auxiliary data sets directly affects the emissivity accuracy. From an emission-based radiative transfer equation, a set of relationships is derived to study the sensitivity of surface emissivity to the errors of brightness temperature, atmospheric transmittance, and surface temperature. As an example, the uncertainties in the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System emissivity at 23 and 89 GHz may be much larger than the uncertainties of emissivity at lower frequencies due to the higher uncertainties in computing the water vapor absorption. The error in the land surface temperature is a main source of error in emissivity at the frequencies less than 19 GHz.
C1 [Yang, Hu] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
[Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite,Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Yang, H (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
EM yanghu@cma.gov.cn; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov
RI Yang, Hu (Tiger)/A-4483-2014; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010
OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179
FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; China
National Science Foundation [40601061]
FX This work was supported in part by the Chinese Ministry of Science and
Technology under 973 project "Assessment, Assimilation, Recompilation,
and Applications of Fundamental and Thematic Climate Data Records"
2010CB951600 and in part by China National Science Foundation project
"land type classification based microwave canopy index and its
application in surface soil moisture retrieval" 40601061.
NR 19
TC 11
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 9
SI SI
BP 3437
EP 3442
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2125794
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815PE
UT WOS:000294536700027
ER
PT J
AU Gu, DZ
Houtz, D
Randa, J
Walker, DK
AF Gu, Dazhen
Houtz, Derek
Randa, James
Walker, David K.
TI Reflectivity Study of Microwave Blackbody Target
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Anechoic chamber; blackbody target; free-space calibration; reflection
measurement; uncertainty analysis
ID RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE
AB We report on the characterization of blackbody target reflections as part of the recent progress on the development of brightness temperature standards for microwave remote sensing at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The very low reflections from the blackbody targets used in airborne or satellite remote sensing systems present challenges on how to extract reflection coefficients from the measurements. A full calibration technique is developed for this study by the use of a flat aluminum plate used as a known standard in combination with measurements of the empty anechoic chamber. The theoretical basis and measurement procedures, along with the uncertainty analysis, are presented. Calibration results validate the method by showing its independence from measurement hardware and conditions. A comparison between the theoretical prediction of reflection coefficients of a free-standing dielectric slab with well-documented physical parameters and the de-embedded reflection coefficients from experiments confirms good calibration accuracy. The specific blackbody target used in this paper shows well-matched properties with a power reflectivity below -40 dB over the entire measurement band (18 to 26 GHz).
C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Houtz, Derek; Randa, James; Walker, David K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Houtz, Derek] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Randa, James] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM dazhen.gu@nist.gov; derek.houtz@nist.gov; james.randa@nist.gov;
david.walker@nist.gov
RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0196-2892
J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE
JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 9
SI SI
BP 3443
EP 3451
DI 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2125975
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815PE
UT WOS:000294536700028
ER
PT J
AU Durand, M
Lawall, J
Wang, YC
AF Durand, Mathieu
Lawall, John
Wang, Yicheng
TI High-accuracy Fabry-Perot displacement interferometry using fiber lasers
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Fabry-Perot; interferometry; displacement metrology; Gouy phase
ID METROLOGY; RESOLUTION
AB We describe ongoing work in a Fabry-Perot interferometry system designed to measure displacements over a range of 50 mm with sub-pm uncertainty. The apparatus involves probing two nearby modes of the Fabry-Perot cavity with narrow-linewidth fiber telecom lasers and measuring both the mode spacing and the absolute mode frequencies relative to a third, frequency-stabilized, fiber laser. We explore the improvement in resolution obtained as the frequency separation between the two modes is increased and employ an internal consistency requirement to infer the magnitude of residual systematic errors. The measurement uncertainty is sufficiently small that we are easily able to see the Gouy phase shift as the cavity length is changed over several millimeters.
C1 [Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John; Wang, Yicheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Durand, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM john.lawall@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 15
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 17
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 9
AR 094025
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/9/094025
PG 6
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 818PD
UT WOS:000294764800026
ER
PT J
AU Stoudt, MR
Hubbard, JB
Leigh, SD
AF Stoudt, M. R.
Hubbard, J. B.
Leigh, S. D.
TI On the Relationship Between Deformation-Induced Surface Roughness and
Plastic Strain in AA5052-Is it Really Linear?
SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAIN-SIZE; SHEET; TOPOGRAPHY; MECHANISM
AB Three different heat treatments of aluminum alloy AA5052 were subjected to various levels of uniaxial plastic strain. The resulting surfaces were then evaluated using both scanning laser confocal microscopy (SLCM) and stylus profilometry. Three regression approaches were used to assess the quality of a linear and a curvilinear fit for the roughness data as a function of true plastic strain. While there were differences among the regression results, the analyses revealed that a linear model was more statistically appropriate for the finest grain size. As the grain size increased, the surface morphology became more complex and a quadratic model became more suitable. Since the relative area fractions of grain boundary-localized roughness and slip-induced roughness are grain size dependent, the higher order fit between the roughness and plastic strain reflects substantial changes in the ratio of these areas. The differences between the SLCM and profilometry results were attributed to the natural filtering that occurs during contact profilometry. This filtering skewed the roughness data toward the largest surface displacements, thereby reducing the measurement fidelity to the point where the only possible outcome was the linear relationship.
C1 [Stoudt, M. R.; Hubbard, J. B.] NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Leigh, S. D.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stoudt@nist.gov
NR 35
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1073-5623
J9 METALL MATER TRANS A
JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 42A
IS 9
BP 2668
EP 2679
DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0694-z
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA 794YI
UT WOS:000292936900014
ER
PT J
AU Chu, PY
Kelley, JGW
Mott, GV
Zhang, AJ
Lang, GA
AF Chu, Philip Y.
Kelley, John G. W.
Mott, Gregory V.
Zhang, Aijun
Lang, Gregory A.
TI Development, implementation, and skill assessment of the NOAA/NOS Great
Lakes Operational Forecast System
SO OCEAN DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Numerical modeling; Lake forecasts; Coastal nowcast/forecast lake
modeling system
ID ERIE; MODEL
AB The NOAA Great Lakes Operational Forecast System (GLOFS) uses near-real-time atmospheric observations and numerical weather prediction forecast guidance to produce three-dimensional forecasts of water temperature and currents, and two-dimensional forecasts of water levels of the Great Lakes. This system, originally called the Great Lakes forecasting system (GLFS), was developed at The Ohio State University and NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) in 1989. In 1996, a workstation version of the GLFS was ported to GLERL to generate semi-operational nowcasts and forecasts daily. In 2004, GLFS went through rigorous skill assessment and was transitioned to the National Ocean Service (NOS) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) in Silver Spring, MD. GLOFS has been making operational nowcasts and forecasts at CO-OPS since September 30, 2005. Hindcast, nowcast, and forecast evaluations using the NOS-developed skill assessment software tool indicated both surface water levels and temperature predictions passed the NOS specified criteria at a majority of the validation locations with relatively low root mean square error (4-8 cm for water levels and 0.5 to 1A degrees C for surface water temperatures). The difficulty of accurately simulating seiches generated by storms (in particular in shallow lakes like Lake Erie) remains a major source of error in water level prediction and should be addressed in future improvements of the forecast system.
C1 [Chu, Philip Y.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Kelley, John G. W.] NOAA NOS CSDL, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Mott, Gregory V.; Zhang, Aijun] NOAA NOS CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Lang, Gregory A.] NOAA OAR GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Chu, PY (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
EM Philip.chu@nrlssc.navy.mil
FU NOS
FX The development of the Great Lakes Forecasting System was a joint effort
of The Ohio State University (OSU) and NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental
Research Laboratory under the direction of Drs. Keith Bedford and David
Schwab. Fifteen graduate students, seven faculty, six postdocs, and
seven research scientists from OSU have been associated with the
development of the system. The transition of the GLCFS from OSU and
GLERL to NOS was conducted by the GLOFS System Development and
Implementation Team consisting of scientists from GLERL, OSU, CO-OPS,
CSDL, and Aqualinks Inc. In particular, the authors would like to thank
Drs. Frank Aikman and Mark Vincent at NOS for their support in this
project. The archived GLCFS nowcast and forecast used in the skill
assessment to fulfill the semi-operational nowcast and forecast
scenarios were provided by Greg Lang and David Schwab at NOAA/GLERL. The
authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their comments and
suggestions.
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1616-7341
J9 OCEAN DYNAM
JI Ocean Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 9
BP 1305
EP 1316
DI 10.1007/s10236-011-0424-5
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 818AO
UT WOS:000294721200006
ER
PT J
AU Chang, YL
Oey, LY
AF Chang, Yu-Lin
Oey, Lie-Yauw
TI Frontal circulation induced by up-front and coastal downwelling winds
SO OCEAN DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ocean fronts; Wind-front interaction; Coastal downwelling; Upfront
winds; Boluses; Vertical cells; Ekman transport modified by vorticity
ID OCEAN SURFACE-LAYER; SHELF; MODEL; SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; TAIWAN;
OREGON; SEA
AB Two-dimensional (cross-shelf and depth) circulation by downwelling wind in the presence of a prograding front (with isopycnals that slope in the same direction as the topographic slope) over a continental shelf is studied using high-resolution numerical experiments. The physical process of interest is the cross-shelf circulation produced by northeasterly monsoon winds acting on the Kuroshio front over the East China Sea outer shelf and shelfbreak where upwelling is often observed. However, a general problem is posed and solved by idealized numerical and analytical models. It is shown that upwelling is produced shoreward of the front. The upwelling is maintained by (1) a surface bulge of negative vorticity at the head of the front; (2) bottom offshore convergence beneath the front; and (3) in the case of a surface front that is thin relative to water depth, also by upwelling due to the vorticity sheet under the front. The near-coast downwelling produces intense mixing due to both upright and slant-wise convection in regions of positive potential vorticity. The analytical model shows that the size and on-shore propagating speed of the bulge are determined by the wind and its shape is governed by a nonlinear advection-dispersion equation which yields unchanging wave-form solutions. Successive bulges can detach from the front under a steady wind. Vertical circulation cells develop under the propagating bulges despite a stable stratification. These cells can have important consequences to vertical exchanges of tracers and water masses.
C1 [Chang, Yu-Lin; Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Chang, Yu-Lin] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei, Taiwan.
RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM lyo@princeton.edu
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 7
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1616-7341
J9 OCEAN DYNAM
JI Ocean Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 61
IS 9
BP 1345
EP 1368
DI 10.1007/s10236-011-0435-2
PG 24
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 818AO
UT WOS:000294721200009
ER
PT J
AU Parker, B
AF Parker, Bruce
TI The tide predictions for D-Day
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Parker, Bruce] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hoboken, NJ USA.
RP Parker, B (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Maritime Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 64
IS 9
BP 35
EP 40
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 818LF
UT WOS:000294752500016
ER
PT J
AU Koga, T
Gin, P
Yamaguchi, H
Endoh, MK
Asada, M
Sendogdular, L
Kobayashi, M
Takahara, A
Akgun, B
Satija, SK
Sumi, T
AF Koga, Tadanori
Gin, P.
Yamaguchi, H.
Endoh, M. K.
Asada, M.
Sendogdular, L.
Kobayashi, M.
Takahara, A.
Akgun, B.
Satija, S. K.
Sumi, T.
TI Generality of anomalous expansion of polymer chains in supercritical
fluids
SO POLYMER
LA English
DT Article
DE Anomalous swelling; Supercritical fluids; Clustering
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY;
SOLVENTS; COLLAPSE; INHOMOGENEITY; TEMPERATURE; SORPTION; STATE
AB By using in-situ neutron reflectivity, we have investigated swelling isotherms of solvophilic and solvophobic end-grafted/non-grafted polymer chains on solid substrates in supercritical carbon dioxide and supercritical ethane. It was found that anomalous expansion of the polymer chains associated with excess absorption of the fluid molecules occurs in the large compressible regions of both supercritical fluids (SCFs) regardless of the polymer-fluid interactions. In addition, we found that the excess expansion of the solvophobic polymer chains in both SCFs collapse onto one master curve under the same magnitude of density fluctuations in the fluids. A simple thermodynamic two-state model along with the experimental results proposes that polymer chains are expanded independently of the polymer fluid interactions to further change solvent density fluctuations around the polymer chains, thereby lowering the free energy of the polymer/SCF systems. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Koga, Tadanori; Gin, P.; Endoh, M. K.; Asada, M.; Sendogdular, L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Yamaguchi, H.; Takahara, A.] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
[Asada, M.] Kuraray Co Ltd, Kurashiki Res Ctr, Okayama 7100801, Japan.
[Kobayashi, M.; Takahara, A.] Kyushu Univ, ERATO, Japan Sci Technol Agcy, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
[Takahara, A.] Kyushu Univ, Inst Mat Chem & Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
[Akgun, B.; Satija, S. K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Akgun, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sumi, T.] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Knowledge Based Informat Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan.
RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM tkoga@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; sumi@tut.ac.jp
RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Sumi,
Tomonari/C-2292-2015
OI Sumi, Tomonari/0000-0002-4230-5908
FU NSF [CMMI-0846267]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
FX T.K. acknowledges the financial support from NSF Grant No. CMMI-0846267.
T.S. was supported by KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) on
Priority Area "Soft Matter Physics" from the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. H.Y. acknowledges the
financial support of a Grant-in-Aid for Japan Society for the Promotion
of Science (JSPS) Fellows. M.K.E. acknowledges the financial support
from the Restart Postdoctoral Fellowship (RPD) program, JSPS, and Prof.
Mitsuhiro Shibayama for his support.
NR 32
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 6
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0032-3861
EI 1873-2291
J9 POLYMER
JI Polymer
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 52
IS 19
BP 4331
EP 4336
DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.07.039
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 818ZX
UT WOS:000294796300019
ER
PT J
AU Choi, J
Reipa, V
Hitchins, VM
Goering, PL
Malinauskas, RA
AF Choi, Jonghoon
Reipa, Vytas
Hitchins, Victoria M.
Goering, Peter L.
Malinauskas, Richard A.
TI Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Hemolysis Evaluation of
Silver Nanoparticles
SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE silver nanoparticles; hemolysis; nanoparticle characterization; silver
ions
ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; NANO-SILVER; NANOMATERIALS; ERYTHROCYTES; NANOSILVER;
PARTICLES; TOXICITY
AB Silver nanomaterials are increasingly being used as antimicrobial agents in medical devices. This study assessed the in vitro hemolytic potential of unbound silver particles in human blood to determine which physical and chemical particle properties contribute to mechanisms of red blood cell (RBC) damage. Four silver particle powders (two nano-sized and two micron-sized) were dispersed in water and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurement. Particle size and agglomeration were dependent on the suspension media. Under similar conditions to the hemolysis assay, with the particles added to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and plasma, the size of the nanoparticles increased compared with particles suspended in water alone due to interaction with chloride ions and plasma proteins. To determine hemolysis response, aqueous particle suspensions were mixed with heparinized human blood diluted in PBS for 3.5 h at 37 degrees C. Both nanoparticle preparations were significantly more hemolytic than micron-sized particles at equivalent mass concentrations > 220 mu g/ml and at estimated surface area concentrations > 10 cm(2)/ml. The presence or absence of surface citrate on nanoparticles showed no significant difference in hemolysis. However, the aqueous nanoparticle preparations released significantly more silver ions than micron-sized particles, which correlated with increased hemolysis. Although significant size changes occurred to the silver particles due to interaction with media components, the higher level of in vitro hemolysis observed with nanoparticles compared with micron-sized particles may be related to their greater surface area, increased silver ion release, and direct interaction with RBCs.
C1 [Malinauskas, Richard A.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Choi, Jonghoon; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Malinauskas, RA (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, 10903 New Hampshire Ave,Bldg 62,Room 2108, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
EM richard.malinauskas@fda.hhs.gov
FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education from the United States
Food and Drug Administration
FX This work was supported by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and
Education through a fellowship from the United States Food and Drug
Administration to JC.
NR 35
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 7
U2 58
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1096-6080
EI 1096-0929
J9 TOXICOL SCI
JI Toxicol. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 123
IS 1
BP 133
EP 143
DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr149
PG 11
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 815VG
UT WOS:000294557500013
PM 21652737
ER
PT J
AU Winter, A
Jiao, Y
Browder, JA
AF Winter, Andreas
Jiao, Yan
Browder, Joan A.
TI Modeling Low Rates of Seabird Bycatch in the US Atlantic Long line
Fishery
SO WATERBIRDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic Ocean; GAM; GLM; pelagic longline; seabird bycatch; spatial
modeling
ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC;
SEA-TURTLE; BY-CATCH; MITIGATION MEASURES; PELAGIC LONGLINES; TUNA
FISHERY; BAIT LOSS; MORTALITY
AB Total annual seabird bycatch in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery was estimated from observer data by means of alternative methods to address the low frequency and uneven distribution of bird bycatch observations. Models used for estimation included generalized additive models (GAM), generalized linear models (GLM) and GLM with spatial or spatio-temporally autocorrelated bycatch observations (s-GLM). Models were fitted separately to the probability of non-zero seabird capture (presence/absence) and to the numbers of seabirds per non-zero capture (positive bycatch); final estimates were obtained as the product of the two. Best-fitting models included latitude, longitude and quarter of year as covariates for presence/absence, and numbers of hooks per set for positive bycatch. Among the models compared, GLM gave the most consistent predictions of annual total seabird captures. For 2008, the most recent year modeled, GLM predicted 81 seabirds caught in 8,862 sets. The number is small on an Atlantic-wide or world-wide scale but is concentrated in an area of high species diversity that includes relatively small populations. GLM was recommended to be used in future Atlantic pelagic longline seabird bycatch estimation. Received 13 December 2010, accepted 18 May 2011.
C1 [Winter, Andreas; Jiao, Yan] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Browder, Joan A.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM awinter@fisheries.gov.fk
FU NOAA; NMFS
FX We are grateful to the NOAA Fisheries Bycatch Reduction Engineering
Program (BREP), the NMFS National Seabird Program and Alaska Region
Coordinator K. S. Rivera for their support through a grant to the
Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), NMFS. L. Beerkircher and K.
Keene of the US Atlantic Pelagic Long line Observer Program, L.
Weinberger in the Information Technology Division and L. Garrison of the
Marine Mammal Unit (SEFSC) provided observer data and information on the
pelagic longline fishery. We thank the principal investigators of
experimental studies for the use of their data: J. Watson, C. Bergmann,
D. Foster, S. Epperly, SEFSC, and T. Beidemann and the late N. Beidemann
of the Fishery Research Institute.
NR 68
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 10
PU WATERBIRD SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA
SN 1524-4695
EI 1938-5390
J9 WATERBIRDS
JI Waterbirds
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 34
IS 3
BP 289
EP 303
PG 15
WC Ornithology
SC Zoology
GA 816IW
UT WOS:000294592900004
ER
PT J
AU Staymates, JL
Grandner, J
Gillen, G
AF Staymates, Jessica L.
Grandner, Jessica
Gillen, Greg
TI Fabrication of adhesive coated swabs for improved swipe-based particle
collection efficiency
SO ANALYTICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
AB Improving particle collection efficiency for swipe-based sampling systems can provide a better chance of detection when screening for trace explosives or narcotics particles. A technique was developed to improve the particle collection efficiency of commercially-available collection swabs used for field sampling of trace contraband materials. A silicone adhesive was added to Teflon-coated fiberglass swabs to aid in collecting trace levels of contamination from surfaces. Since the swabs are typically used for ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) analysis, it is important for them to produce no chemical background when heated. Results show that the adhesive swabs had a higher particle collection efficiency compared to the untreated swabs by a factor of 12, without negatively interfering with the IMS analysis. It was also found that the adhesive swabs could be reused 10 times without significant reduction in collection efficiency. While it is possible that the adhesive swabs may not be suitable for all surface types due to loss of adhesive material after multiple uses, the benefits of higher particle collection efficiency are extremely promising.
C1 [Staymates, Jessica L.; Grandner, Jessica; Gillen, Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Staymates, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jessica.staymates@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security; National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security sponsored the production of this work under an
Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. We would like to thank Jennifer Verkouteren at NIST, Surface
and Microanalysis Science Division for her advice and guidance with
spin-coating sebum material for particle deposition methods.
NR 15
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 21
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1759-9660
J9 ANAL METHODS-UK
JI Anal. Methods
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 9
BP 2056
EP 2060
DI 10.1039/c1ay05299c
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy
GA 814QU
UT WOS:000294472900018
ER
PT J
AU Drupp, P
De Carlo, EH
Mackenzie, FT
Bienfang, P
Sabine, CL
AF Drupp, Patrick
De Carlo, Eric Heinen
Mackenzie, Fred T.
Bienfang, Paul
Sabine, Christopher L.
TI Nutrient Inputs, Phytoplankton Response, and CO2 Variations in a
Semi-Enclosed Subtropical Embayment, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii
SO AQUATIC GEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alkalinity; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide flux; Chlorophyll; Coastal;
Coral reef; Dissolved oxygen; Embayment; Fluvial inputs; Gas exchange
between the ocean and atmosphere; Nitrate; Nutrients; Oligotrophic;
Phosphate; Seawater; Silicate; Tropical; Turbidity
ID WATER-QUALITY; STORM RUNOFF; RIVER; VARIABILITY; ESTUARIES; COMMUNITY;
SYSTEM; IMPACT; OAHU
AB The marine shelf areas in subtropical and tropical regions represent only 35% of the total shelf areas globally, but receive a disproportionately large amount of water (65%) and sediment (58%) discharges that enter such environments. Small rivers and/or streams that drain the mountainous areas in these climatic zones deliver the majority of the sediment and nutrient inputs to these narrow shelf environments; such inputs often occur as discrete, episodic introductions associated with storm events. To gain insight into the linked biogeochemical behavior of subtropical/tropical mountainous watershed-coastal ocean ecosystems, this work describes the use of a buoy system to monitor autonomously water quality responses to land-derived nutrient inputs and physical forcing associated with local storm events in the coastal ocean of southern Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, USA. The data represent 2.5 years of near-real time observations at a fixed station, collected concurrently with spatially distributed synoptic sampling over larger sections of Kaneohe Bay. Storm events cause most of the fluvial nutrient, particulate, and dissolved organic carbon inputs to Kaneohe Bay. Nutrient loadings from direct rainfall and/or terrestrial runoff produce an immediate increase in the N:P ratio of bay waters up to values of 48 and drive phytoplankton biomass growth. Rapid uptake of such nutrient subsidies by phytoplankton causes rapid declines of N levels, return to N-limited conditions, and subsequent decline of phytoplankton biomass over timescales ranging from a few days to several weeks, depending on conditions and proximity to the sources of runoff. The enhanced productivity may promote the drawing down of pCO(2) and lowering of surface water column carbonate saturation states, and in some events, a temporary shift from N to P limitation. The productivity-driven CO2 drawdown may temporarily lead to air-to-sea transfer of atmospheric CO2 in a system that is on an annual basis a source of CO2 to the atmosphere due to calcification and perhaps heterotrophy. Storms may also strongly affect proximal coastal zone pCO(2) and hence carbonate saturation state due to river runoff flushing out high pCO(2) soil and ground waters. Mixing of the CO2-charged water with seawater causes a salting out effect that releases CO2 to the atmosphere. Many subtropical and tropical systems throughout the Pacific region are similar to Kaneohe Bay, and our work provides an important indication of the variability and range of CO2 dynamics that are likely to exist elsewhere. Such variability must be taken into account in any analysis of the direction and magnitude of the air-sea CO2 exchange for the integrated coastal ocean, proximal and distal. It cannot be overemphasized that this research illustrates several examples of how high frequency sampling by a moored autonomous system can provide details about ecosystem responses to stochastic atmospheric forcing that are commonly missed by traditional synoptic observational approaches. Finally, the work exemplifies the utility of combining synoptic sampling and real-time autonomous observations to elucidate the biogeochemical and physical responses of coastal subtropical/tropical coral reef ecosystems to climatic perturbations.
C1 [Drupp, Patrick; De Carlo, Eric Heinen; Mackenzie, Fred T.; Bienfang, Paul] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP De Carlo, EH (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu
OI Drupp, Patrick/0000-0001-5758-0702
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [R/EL-33]; University of
Hawaii; NOAA Office, Department of Commerce [NA05OAR4171048]; NSF
[OCE0749404]; SOEST [7950]; [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-05-43]
FX The authors would like to express their appreciation for the logistical
support provided by the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB),
especially Dr. Jo Ann Leong, director of HIMB, and her staff including
Jim Lakey, Fritz King, Wayne Nakamoto, Jimmy Olson, and Darren Oshiro.
Much of our work in Kaneohe Bay would also not have been possible
without the continued cooperation and assistance of NOAA/PMEL
engineering and technical personnel, in particular Noah Lawrence-Slavas,
Stacy Maenner-Jones, Christian Meinig, and Sylvia Musielewicz. We are
also grateful for constructive comments provided by Stephen V. Smith and
two anonymous reviewers; their contributions helped substantially
improve this manuscript. This work was supported in part by a
grant/cooperative agreement from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Project R/EL-33, which is sponsored by the University of
Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under Institutional Grant No.
NA05OAR4171048 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce.
The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies, and
through NSF grant OCE0749404 to Fred T. Mackenzie and Abraham Lerman.
This is UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-05-43 and SOEST contribution number 7950.
NR 41
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 8
U2 71
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1380-6165
J9 AQUAT GEOCHEM
JI Aquat. Geochem.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 17
IS 4-5
SI SI
BP 473
EP 498
DI 10.1007/s10498-010-9115-y
PG 26
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 814MY
UT WOS:000294460900010
ER
PT J
AU Bianco, L
Bao, JW
Fairall, CW
Michelson, SA
AF Bianco, L.
Bao, J. -W.
Fairall, C. W.
Michelson, S. A.
TI Impact of Sea-Spray on the Atmospheric Surface Layer
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Air-sea interaction; Atmospheric surface layer; Sea-spray; Surface
boundary layer
ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL; DROPLETS; DRAG; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY;
SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE
AB The feedback effects of sea-spray on the heat and momentum fluxes under equilibrium conditions associated with winds of tropical cyclones are investigated using a one-dimensional coupled sea-spray and atmospheric surface-layer (ASL) model. This model is capable of simulating the microphysical aspects of the evaporation of saline water droplets of various sizes and their dynamic and thermal interaction with the turbulence mixing that is simulated by the Mellor-Yamada 1.5-order closure scheme. Sea-spray droplet generation is described by a state-of-the-art parametrization that predicts the size spectrum of sea-spray droplets for a given surface forcing. The results from a series of simulations indicate the way in which evaporating droplets of various sizes modify the turbulence mixing near the surface, which in turn affects further droplet evaporation. All these results are direct consequences of the effects of sea-spray on the balance of turbulent kinetic energy in the spray-filled surface layer. In particular, the overall impact of sea-spray droplets on the mean wind depends on the wind speed at the level of sea-spray generation. When the wind speed is below 40 m s(-1), the droplets are small in size and tend to evaporate substantially and thus cool the spray-filled layer, while for wind speeds above 50 m s(-1), the size of the droplets is so large that they do not have enough time to evaporate much before falling back into the sea. The sensible heat carried by the droplets is released to the ambient air, increasing the buoyancy of the surface layer and enhancing the turbulent mixing. The suspension of sea-spray droplets reduces the buoyancy and makes the surface layer more stable, decreasing the friction velocity and the downward turbulent mixing of momentum. The results from the numerical experiments also suggest that, in order not to violate the constant flux assumption critical to the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, a displacement equal to the mean wave height should be included in the logarithmic profiles of the wind and thermal fields.
C1 [Bianco, L.; Bao, J. -W.; Fairall, C. W.; Michelson, S. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bianco, L.; Michelson, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Bianco, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Laura.Bianco@noaa.gov
FU NOAA
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for providing
extremely useful suggestions to improve the manuscript. This study is
supported by the Hurricane Forecasting Improvement Project (HFIP) of
NOAA.
NR 25
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 361
EP 381
DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9617-1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 807TW
UT WOS:000293923800002
ER
PT J
AU Bianco, L
Djalalova, IV
King, CW
Wilczak, JM
AF Bianco, L.
Djalalova, I. V.
King, C. W.
Wilczak, J. M.
TI Diurnal Evolution and Annual Variability of Boundary-Layer Height and
Its Correlation to Other Meteorological Variables in California's
Central Valley
SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Boundary-layer height; California Central Valley; Convective boundary
layer; Radar wind profiler
ID HUAIHE RIVER-BASIN; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; WIND; TEMPERATURE; PROJECT;
SUMMER; CHINA
AB One year of observations from a network of five 915-MHz boundary-layer radar wind profilers equipped with radio acoustic sounding systems located in California's Central Valley are used to investigate the annual variability of convective boundary-layer depth and its correlation to meteorological parameters and conditions. Results from the analysis show that at four of the sites, the boundary-layer height reaches its maximum in the late-spring months then surprisingly decreases during the summer months, with mean July depths almost identical to those for December. The temporal decrease in boundary-layer depth, as well as its spatial variation, is found to be consistent with the nocturnal low-level lapse rate observed at each site. Multiple forcing mechanisms that could explain the unexpected seasonal behaviour of boundary-layer depth are investigated, including solar radiation, precipitation, boundary-layer mesoscale convergence, low-level cold-air advection, local surface characteristics and irrigation patterns and synoptic-scale subsidence. Variations in solar radiation, precipitation and synoptic-scale subsidence do not explain the shallow summertime convective boundary-layer depths observed. Topographically forced cold-air advection and local land-use characteristics can help explain the shallow CBL depths at the four sites, while topographically forced low-level convergence helps maintain larger CBL depths at the fifth site near the southern end of the valley.
C1 [Bianco, L.; Djalalova, I. V.; King, C. W.; Wilczak, J. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bianco, L.; Djalalova, I. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Bianco, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,Mailstop PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Laura.Bianco@noaa.gov
NR 22
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0006-8314
J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL
JI Bound.-Layer Meteor.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 3
BP 491
EP 511
DI 10.1007/s10546-011-9622-4
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 807TW
UT WOS:000293923800008
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, A
Chen, MY
Wang, WQ
AF Kumar, Arun
Chen, Mingyue
Wang, Wanqiu
TI An analysis of prediction skill of monthly mean climate variability
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate variability; Monthly means; Prediction skill; Boundary forcing;
Atmospheric initial condition
ID SEASONAL ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; LONG-RANGE PREDICTABILITY; FORECAST
SYSTEM; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENSO;
TELECONNECTIONS; SIMULATION; ENSEMBLE; RAINFALL
AB In this paper, lead-time and spatial dependence in skill for prediction of monthly mean climate variability is analyzed. The analysis is based on a set of extensive hindcasts from the Climate Forecast System at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The skill characteristics of initialized predictions is also compared with the AMIP simulations forced with the observed sea surface temperature (SST) to quantify the role of initial versus boundary conditions in the prediction of monthly means. The analysis is for prediction of monthly mean SST, precipitation, and 200-hPa height. The results show a rapid decay in skill with lead time for the atmospheric variables in the extratropical latitudes. Further, after a lead-time of approximately 30-40 days, the skill of monthly mean prediction is essentially a boundary forced problem, with SST anomalies in the tropical central/eastern Pacific playing a dominant role. Because of the larger contribution from the atmospheric internal variability to monthly time-averages (compared to seasonal averages), skill for monthly mean prediction associated with boundary forcing is also lower. The analysis indicates that the prospects of skillful prediction of monthly means may remain a challenging problem, and may be limited by inherent limits in predictability.
C1 [Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue; Wang, Wanqiu] NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NCEP, CPC, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Arun.Kumar@noaa.gov
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 5-6
BP 1119
EP 1131
DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0901-4
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 814ZU
UT WOS:000294496700018
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JY
Wang, B
Ding, Q
Ha, KJ
Ahn, JB
Kumar, A
Stern, B
Alves, O
AF Lee, June-Yi
Wang, Bin
Ding, Q.
Ha, K. -J.
Ahn, J. -B.
Kumar, A.
Stern, B.
Alves, O.
TI How predictable is the northern hemisphere summer upper-tropospheric
circulation?
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Seasonal climate coupled model prediction; Realizable potential
predictability; Realized prediction skill; Predictable mode; Summer
upper-tropospheric circulation; Multi-model ensemble prediction;
Tropical-extratropical teleconnection; El Nino-Southern oscillation
ID RAINFALL VARIABILITY; EAST-ASIA; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; FORECAST
SYSTEM; EOF ANALYSIS; MONSOON; TELECONNECTION; PACIFIC; ENSO
AB The retrospective forecast skill of three coupled climate models (NCEP CFS, GFDL CM2.1, and CAWCR POAMA 1.5) and their multi-model ensemble (MME) is evaluated, focusing on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer upper-tropospheric circulation along with surface temperature and precipitation for the 25-year period of 1981-2005. The seasonal prediction skill for the NH 200-hPa geopotential height basically comes from the coupled models' ability in predicting the first two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of interannual variability, because the models cannot replicate the residual higher modes. The first two leading EOF modes of the summer 200-hPa circulation account for about 84% (35.4%) of the total variability over the NH tropics (extratropics) and offer a hint of realizable potential predictability. The MME is able to predict both spatial and temporal characteristics of the first EOF mode (EOF1) even at a 5-month lead (January initial condition) with a pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) skill of 0.96 and a temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) skill of 0.62. This long-lead predictability of the EOF1 comes mainly from the prolonged impacts of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as the EOF1 tends to occur during the summer after the mature phase of ENSO. The second EOF mode (EOF2), on the other hand, is related to the developing ENSO and also the interdecadal variability of the sea surface temperature over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean. The MME also captures the EOF2 at a 5-month lead with a PCC skill of 0.87 and a TCC skill of 0.67, but these skills are mainly obtained from the zonally symmetric component of the EOF2, not the prominent wavelike structure, the so-called circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. In both observation and the 1-month lead MME prediction, the first two leading modes are accompanied by significant rainfall and surface air temperature anomalies in the continental regions of the NH extratropics. The MME's success in predicting the EOF1 (EOF2) is likely to lead to a better prediction of JJA precipitation anomalies over East Asia and the North Pacific (central and southern Europe and western North America).
C1 [Lee, June-Yi; Wang, Bin] Univ Hawaii, IPRC, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Ding, Q.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Ding, Q.] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Ha, K. -J.; Ahn, J. -B.] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea.
[Kumar, A.] NCEP CPC, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Stern, B.] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Alves, O.] Bur Meteorol, CAWCR, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
RP Lee, JY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, IPRC, Int Pacific Res Ctr, POST Bldg,Room 409A,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM jylee@soest.hawaii.edu
RI ding, qinghua/G-1186-2011; Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012
FU Korean Ministry of Environment; Korean Meteorological Administration
[CATER 2009-1146]; International Pacific Research Center; JAMSTEC; NOAA;
NASA
FX This study has been supported by a grant from the Korean Ministry of
Environment as "Eco-technopia 21 project" and the Korean Meteorological
Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER
2009-1146. Wang and Lee acknowledge support from International Pacific
Research Center, which is in part supported by JAMSTEC, NOAA and NASA.
The authors would like to thank Dr. Shang-Ping Xie for his valuable
comments and anonymous reviewers for their time and good comments that
helped improve the manuscript. This is SEOST publication number 8011 and
IPRC publication number 622.
NR 47
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 17
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 37
IS 5-6
BP 1189
EP 1203
DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0909-9
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 814ZU
UT WOS:000294496700022
ER
PT J
AU Cha, Y
Stow, CA
Nalepa, TF
Reckhow, KH
AF Cha, YoonKyung
Stow, Craig A.
Nalepa, Thomas F.
Reckhow, Kenneth H.
TI Do Invasive Mussels Restrict Offshore Phosphorus Transport in Lake
Huron?
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; LONG-TERM TRENDS;
DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SAGINAW BAY; COMMUNITY; IMPACTS;
GROWTH; EUTROPHICATION
AB Dreissenid mussels were first documented in the Laurentian Great Lakes in the late 1980s. Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) spread quickly into shallow, hard-substrate areas; quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) spread more slowly and are currently colonizing deep, offshore areas. These mussels occur at high densities, filter large water volumes while feeding on suspended materials, and deposit particulate waste on the lake bottom. This filtering activity has been hypothesized to sequeter tributary phosphorus in near-shore regions reducing offshore primary productivity. We used a mass balance model to estimate the phosphorus sedimentation rate in Saginaw Bay, a shallow embayment of Lake Huron, before and after the mussel invasion. Our results indicate that the proportion of tributary phosphorus retained in Saginaw Bay increased from approximately 46-70% when dreissenids appeared, reducing phosphorus export to the main body of Lake Huron. The combined effects of increased phosphorus retention and decreased phosphorus loading have caused an approximate 60% decrease in phosphorus export from Saginaw Bay to Lake Huron. Our results support the hypothesis that the ongoing decline of preyfish and secondary producers including diporeia (Diporeia spp.) in Lake Huron is a bottom-up phenomenon associated with decreased phosphorus availability in the offshore to support primary production.
C1 [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Cha, YoonKyung; Reckhow, Kenneth H.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Stow, Craig A.; Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Stow, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM craig.stow@noaa.gov
OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center
FX Cathy Darnell provided graphical support. This research was sponsored by
a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center
for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution number 1593.
NR 41
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 17
BP 7226
EP 7231
DI 10.1021/es2014715
PG 6
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 813NE
UT WOS:000294373400021
PM 21812427
ER
PT J
AU Conny, JM
Norris, GA
AF Conny, Joseph M.
Norris, Gary A.
TI Scanning Electron Microanalysis and Analytical Challenges of Mapping
Elements in Urban Atmospheric Particles
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MINERAL DUST PARTICLES; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; AMBIENT AIR; SIZE;
ENVIRONMENT; CHEMISTRY; ARIZONA
AB Elemental mapping with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) associated with scanning electron microscopy is highly useful for studying internally mixed atmospheric particles. Presented is a study of individual particles from urban airsheds and the analytical challenges in qualitatively determining the composition and origin of heterogeneous urban-air particles from high-resolution elemental maps. Coarse-mode particles were taken from samples collected in three U.S. cities: Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Seattle. Elemental maps distinguished particles with heterogeneously mixed phases from those with homogeneously mixed phases that also contained inclusions or surface adducts. Elemental mapping at low and high beam energies, along with imaging at an oblique angle helped to classify particles by origin. The impact of particle shape on X-ray microanalysis was demonstrated by having the beam enter the particle at >= 52 degrees from normal. Potential misinterpretations of particle composition due to artifacts in the elemental maps were minimized by tilt imaging to reveal particle surface roughness and depth, mapping at low beam energies, noting the position of the EDX detector in the map field, and assessing differences in the mass absorption coefficients of the particle's major elements to anticipate X-ray self-absorption.
C1 [Conny, Joseph M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Norris, Gary A.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
RP Conny, JM (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.conny@nist.gov
FU U.S. EPA [DW-13-93997301-01]
FX We thank Cynthia Zeissler of NIST for a helpful review of the manuscript
and Robert Willis of the U.S. EPA for helpful discussions on particle
microanalysis. We thank the following people for assistance with sample
collection: D. Napier, J. Brown, and E. Edgerton of Atmospheric Research
and Analysis, Durham, NC; S. Biswas, B. Chakrabarti, and C. Sioutas of
the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; T. Gould of the Dept. of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Sample
collection was funded by the U.S. EPA under Interagency Agreement
DW-13-93997301-01.
NR 26
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 17
BP 7380
EP 7386
DI 10.1021/es2009049
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 813NE
UT WOS:000294373400041
PM 21774494
ER
PT J
AU Schock, TB
Huncik, K
Beauchesne, KR
Villareal, TA
Moeller, PDR
AF Schock, Tracey B.
Huncik, Kevin
Beauchesne, Kevin R.
Villareal, Tracy A.
Moeller, Peter D. R.
TI Identification of Trichotoxin, a Novel Chlorinated Compound Associated
with the Bloom Forming Cyanobacterium, Trichodesmium thiebautii
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SODIUM-CHANNEL TOXINS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; TOXICITY; GROWTH; ASSAYS
AB Trichodesmium is a suspected toxin-producing nonheterocystous cyanobacteria ubiquitous in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas. The genus is known for its ability to fix nitrogen and form massive blooms. In oligotrophic seas, it can dominate the biomass and be a major component of oceanic primary production and global nitrogen cycling. Numerous reports suggest Trichodesmium-derived toxins are a cause of death of fish, crabs, and bivalves. Laboratory studies have demonstrated neurotoxic effects in T. thiebautii cell extracts and field reports suggest respiratory distress and contact dermatitis of humans at collection sites. However, Trichodesmium toxins have not been identified and characterized. Here, we report the extraction of a lipophilic toxin from field-collected T. thiebautii using a purification method of several chromatographic techniques, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Trichotoxin has a molecular formula of C(20)H(27)ClO and a mass of 318 m/z and possesses cytotoxic activity against GH(4)C(1) rat pituitary and Neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. A detection method using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was developed. This compound is the first reported cytotoxic natural product isolated and fully characterized from a Trichodesmium species.
C1 [Schock, Tracey B.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Marine Biomed & Environm Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
[Huncik, Kevin; Beauchesne, Kevin R.; Moeller, Peter D. R.] Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA.
RP Moeller, PDR (reprint author), 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM Peter.Moeller@noaa.gov
RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 16
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 17
BP 7503
EP 7509
DI 10.1021/es201034r
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 813NE
UT WOS:000294373400058
PM 21740025
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, LC
Schlesinger, F
Davis, CA
Zhang, Y
Li, RH
Salit, M
Gingeras, TR
Oliver, B
AF Jiang, Lichun
Schlesinger, Felix
Davis, Carrie A.
Zhang, Yu
Li, Renhua
Salit, Marc
Gingeras, Thomas R.
Oliver, Brian
TI Synthetic spike-in standards for RNA-seq experiments
SO GENOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSCRIPTOME; EXPRESSION; ARRAYS; GENOME; YEAST; CELLS
AB High-throughput sequencing of cDNA (RNA-seq) is a widely deployed transcriptome profiling and annotation technique, but questions about the performance of different protocols and platforms remain. We used a newly developed pool of 96 synthetic RNAs with various lengths, and GC content covering a 2(20) concentration range as spike-in controls to measure sensitivity, accuracy, and biases in RNA-seq experiments as well as to derive standard curves for quantifying the abundance of transcripts. We observed linearity between read density and RNA input over the entire detection range and excellent agreement between replicates, but we observed significantly larger imprecision than expected under pure Poisson sampling errors. We use the control RNAs to directly measure reproducible protocol-dependent biases due to GC content and transcript length as well as stereotypic heterogeneity in coverage across transcripts correlated with position relative to RNA termini and priming sequence bias. These effects lead to biased quantification for short transcripts and individual exons, which is a serious problem for measurements of isoform abundances, but that can partially be corrected using appropriate models of bias. By using the control RNAs, we derive limits for the discovery and detection of rare transcripts in RNA-seq experiments. By using data collected as part of the model organism and human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements projects (ENCODE and modENCODE), we demonstrate that external RNA controls are a useful resource for evaluating sensitivity and accuracy of RNA-seq experiments for transcriptome discovery and quantification. These quality metrics facilitate comparable analysis across different samples, protocols, and platforms.
C1 [Schlesinger, Felix; Davis, Carrie A.; Gingeras, Thomas R.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Genome Ctr, Woodbury, NY 11797 USA.
[Jiang, Lichun; Zhang, Yu; Li, Renhua; Oliver, Brian] NIDDK, Sect Dev Genom, Lab Cellular & Dev Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
[Schlesinger, Felix] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Watson Sch Biol Sci, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA.
[Salit, Marc] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Schlesinger, F (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Genome Ctr, Woodbury, NY 11797 USA.
EM schlesin@cshl.edu
RI Schlesinger, Felix/E-2143-2011; jiang, lichun/F-3776-2012;
OI jiang, lichun/0000-0003-2462-7636; Gingeras, Thomas/0000-0001-9106-3573
FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease;
National Human Genome Research Institute [5U54HG004557-05]
FX We thank the members of our laboratories as well as the mod-ENCODE,
ENCODE, and ERCC consortia for valuable discussions. We thank Carlo
Artieri and David Sturgill for pilot work on data analysis and comments
on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Intramural
Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Disease, and by the National Human Genome Research Institute
Grant 5U54HG004557-05. Disclaimer: Certain commercial equipment,
instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such
identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the products identified are necessarily the best available for the
purpose.
NR 42
TC 156
Z9 158
U1 5
U2 32
PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
PI COLD SPRING HARBOR
PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA
SN 1088-9051
EI 1549-5469
J9 GENOME RES
JI Genome Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 9
BP 1543
EP 1551
DI 10.1101/gr.121095.111
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Genetics & Heredity
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Genetics & Heredity
GA 814SH
UT WOS:000294477000014
PM 21816910
ER
PT J
AU Doviak, RJ
Lei, L
Zhang, GF
Meier, J
Curtis, C
AF Doviak, Richard J.
Lei, Lei
Zhang, Guifu
Meier, John
Curtis, Chris
TI Comparing Theory and Measurements of Cross-Polar Fields of a
Phased-Array Weather Radar
SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Antenna measurements; cross-polar radiation; meteorological radar;
phased arrays; radar polarimetry
ID BIAS
AB Cross-polar measurements made with an agile-beam phased-array weather radar are compared with theory. The intensity of cross-polar fields places conditions on the accuracy of meteorological measurements. Results reported herein support the hypothesis that polarimetric phased-array radar for weather observations can be designed to allow the use of the polarimetric data acquisition mode being implemented by the National Weather Service on upgraded WSR-88Ds which use parabolic reflector antennas.
C1 [Doviak, Richard J.; Meier, John; Curtis, Chris] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Doviak, Richard J.; Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Doviak, Richard J.; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu; Meier, John] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Doviak, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
EM Dick.Doviak@noaa.gov; doublelelei@gmail.com; guzhang@ou.edu;
John.Meier@noaa.gov; chris.curtis@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014
OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1545-598X
J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S
JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 8
IS 5
BP 1002
EP 1006
DI 10.1109/LGRS.2011.2146753
PG 5
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science
& Photographic Technology
GA 815RY
UT WOS:000294546900034
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, DS
London, JM
Kuhn, CE
AF Johnson, Devin S.
London, Josh M.
Kuhn, Carey E.
TI Bayesian Inference for Animal Space Use and Other Movement Metrics
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Animal movement; Correlated random walk; Movement metric; Posterior
distribution; State-space model; Utilization distribution
ID KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATORS; HOME-RANGE; TELEMETRY DATA; TIME-SERIES;
MODELS; AUTOCORRELATION; BEHAVIOR
AB The analysis of animal movement and resource use has become a standard tool in the study of animal ecology. Telemetry devices have become quite sophisticated in terms of overall size and data collecting capacity. Statistical methods to analyze movement have responded, becoming ever more complex, often relying on state-space modeling. Estimation of movement metrics such as utilization distributions have not followed suit, relying primarily on kernel density estimation. Here we consider a method for making inference about space use that is free of all of the major problems associated with kernel density estimation of utilization distributions such as autocorrelation, irregular time gaps, and error in observed locations. Our proposed method is based on a data augmentation approach that defines use as a summary of the complete path of the animal which is only partially observed. We use a sample from the posterior distribution of the complete path to construct a posterior sample for the metric of interest. Three basic importance sampling based methods for sampling from the posterior distribution of the path are proposed and compared. We demonstrate the augmentation approach by estimating a spatial map of diving intensity for female northern fur seals in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska.
C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; London, Josh M.; Kuhn, Carey E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov
OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 30
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1085-7117
J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST
JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 16
IS 3
BP 357
EP 370
DI 10.1007/s13253-011-0056-8
PG 14
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Mathematics
GA 814QV
UT WOS:000294473000004
ER
PT J
AU Laake, JL
Collier, BA
Morrison, ML
Wilkins, RN
AF Laake, J. L.
Collier, B. A.
Morrison, M. L.
Wilkins, R. N.
TI Point-Based Mark-Recapture Distance Sampling
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Avian surveys; Detection bias; Distance sampling; Double-observer
methods; Golden-cheeked warbler; Mark-recapture; Point independence;
Unmodeled heterogeneity
ID LINE TRANSECT SURVEYS; ESTIMATING DETECTION PROBABILITIES; AERIAL
SURVEYS; VISIBILITY BIAS; COUNT SURVEYS; ABUNDANCE; HETEROGENEITY;
POPULATIONS; COMBINATION; REMOVAL
AB Avian surveys using point sampling for abundance estimation have either focused on distance sampling or more commonly mark-recapture to correct for detection bias. Combining mark-recapture and distance sampling (MRDS) has become an effective tool for line transects, but it has been largely ignored in point sampling literature. We describe MRDS and show that the previously published methods for point sampling are special cases. Using simulated data and golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) survey data from Texas, we demonstrate large differences in abundance estimates resulting from different independence assumptions. Data and code are provided in supplementary materials.
C1 [Collier, B. A.; Wilkins, R. N.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Laake, J. L.] NMFS, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Morrison, M. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Collier, BA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Renewable Nat Resources, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM jeff.laake@noaa.gov; bret@tamu.edu
FU Texas Department of Transportation; Department of Defense; Office of the
Secretary of Defense; United States Army, Ft. Hood; Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department
FX We wish to thank the landowners for access to their properties for our
surveys as well as numerous technicians and graduate students for
assistance collecting field data. We especially thank J. E. Groce for
directing field operations for this study. We appreciate review and
constructive comments on initial drafts of this manuscript by Eric
Rexstad, Steve Buckland, Jay Ver Hoef, and Devin Johnson. We also
appreciate comments by the associate editor and an anonymous referee
which significantly improved this manuscript. Field work was supported
by the Texas Department of Transportation; Department of Defense; Office
of the Secretary of Defense; United States Army, Ft. Hood; and Texas
Parks and Wildlife Department. Any use of trade, product, or firm names
in this publication does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
NR 40
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 26
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1085-7117
EI 1537-2693
J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST
JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 16
IS 3
BP 389
EP 408
DI 10.1007/s13253-011-0059-5
PG 20
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Mathematics
GA 814QV
UT WOS:000294473000006
ER
PT J
AU Pujari, S
Rahatekar, S
Gilman, JW
Koziol, KK
Windle, AH
Burghardt, WR
AF Pujari, Saswati
Rahatekar, Sameer
Gilman, Jeffery W.
Koziol, Krzysztof K.
Windle, Alan H.
Burghardt, Wesley R.
TI Shear-induced anisotropy of concentrated multiwalled carbon nanotube
suspensions using x-ray scattering
SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER
NANOCOMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; COMPOSITES; NETWORKS; RHEOLOGY;
MORPHOLOGY; FLOCCULATION; SIMULATIONS
AB X-ray scattering is used to measure particle orientation in concentrated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) suspensions under shear flow. MWNTs were dispersed in a Newtonian suspending fluid (uncured epoxy). The dispersions exhibit shear thinning, approaching the matrix viscosity at high shear rates. This is accompanied by progressive development of MWNT orientation along the flow direction with increasing shear rate. The impact of MWNT aspect ratio and concentration on steady-state orientation is explored. In one sample (2 wt. % dispersion of short MWNTs), orientation was measured in both the flow-gradient (1-2) and flow-vorticity (1-3) planes of shear flow to provide a more complete picture of the three-dimensional orientation state. Also in this sample, 1-3 plane measurements were conducted using both small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). While the two methods produce qualitatively similar results, WAXS-derived measures of flow-induced anisotropy are consistently larger than SAXS data. In transient measurements following step-down in shear rate, MWNT orientation is found to decrease on similar time scales as viscosity increases. Prolonged growth of storage modulus is observed following flow cessation, accompanied by an unexpectedly rapid partial loss of MWNT orientation. The rheological and orientation data are discussed in terms of distortion, breakdown, and reformation of percolated MWNT networks in these samples. (c) 2011 The Society of Rheology. [DOI: 10.1122/1.3609854]
C1 [Burghardt, Wesley R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60801 USA.
[Pujari, Saswati] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Rahatekar, Sameer] Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England.
[Gilman, Jeffery W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Koziol, Krzysztof K.; Windle, Alan H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
RP Burghardt, WR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60801 USA.
EM w-burghardt@northwestern.edu
RI Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; Burghardt, Wesley/B-7642-2009
FU NSF-MRSEC at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University
[DMR-0520513]; National Science Foundation [DMR-9304725]; State of
Illinois through the Department of Commerce and the Board of Higher
Education [IBHE HECA NWU 96]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy
Sciences, Office of Energy Research [W-31-102-Eng-38]; Royal Society
FX Funding for this work was provided through the NSF-MRSEC program (Grant
No. DMR-0520513) at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern
University. X-ray scattering experiments were performed at DND-CAT,
which is supported by the E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., the Dow Chemical
Company, and the National Science Foundation through Grant No.
DMR-9304725 and the State of Illinois through the Department of Commerce
and the Board of Higher Education Grant No. IBHE HECA NWU 96. Use of the
Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Energy Research, under Contract No.
W-31-102-Eng-38. Dr. Krzysztof Koziol would like to acknowledge the
Royal Society for financial support.
NR 59
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 33
PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0148-6055
J9 J RHEOL
JI J. Rheol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 55
IS 5
BP 1033
EP 1058
DI 10.1122/1.3609854
PG 26
WC Mechanics
SC Mechanics
GA 802TP
UT WOS:000293534200008
ER
PT J
AU Sadek, F
Main, JA
Lew, HS
Bao, YH
AF Sadek, Fahim
Main, Joseph A.
Lew, H. S.
Bao, Yihai
TI Testing and Analysis of Steel and Concrete Beam-Column Assemblies under
a Column Removal Scenario
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Buildings; Concrete structures; Finite-element method; Full-scale tests;
Nonlinear analysis; Progressive collapse; Seismic design; Steel
structures
AB This paper presents an experimental and computational assessment of the performance of steel and reinforced concrete beam-column assemblies under monotonic vertical displacement of a center column, simulating a column removal scenario. The assemblies represent portions of structural framing systems designed as intermediate moment frames (IMFs) and special moment frames (SMFs) for Seismic Design Categories C and D, respectively. The steel IMF and SMF assemblies were designed in accordance with ANSI/AISC 341-02 by using prequalified moment connections specified in FEMA 350. The concrete IMF and SMF assemblies were designed and detailed in accordance with ACI 318-02 requirements. Each full-scale assembly comprises two beam spans and three columns, and downward displacements of the center column are imposed until failure. The study provides insight into the behavior and failure modes of the assemblies, including the development of catenary action. Both detailed and reduced finite-element models are developed, which capture the primary response characteristics and failure modes. Analyses with the reduced models can be executed rapidly without loss of accuracy, facilitating implementation in models of entire structural systems. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000422. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
C1 [Sadek, Fahim; Main, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Main, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fahim.sadek@nist.gov; joseph.main@nist.gov; hai.lew@nist.gov;
yihai.bao@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU NIST; ERDC; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Air Force; American
Institute of Steel Construction; Department of Homeland Security
FX The steel assembly tests were carried out at the Engineering Research
and Development Center (ERDC) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Vicksburg, Michigan, under the supervision of Stephen Robert and Vincent
Chiarito. The concrete assembly tests were carried out at the Bowen
Laboratory of Purdue University under the direction of Professors
Santiago Pujol and Mete Sozen. The steel assembly tests were supported
by NIST, ERDC, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the U.S. Air Force,
and the American Institute of Steel Construction. The concrete assembly
tests were supported by NIST and the Department of Homeland Security.
Valuable suggestions and review comments from Professors Sashi Kunnath
and Sherif El-Tawil in the development of the numerical models are
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 15
TC 51
Z9 59
U1 3
U2 25
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 9
SI SI
BP 881
EP 892
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000422
PG 12
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 808DH
UT WOS:000293955600003
ER
PT J
AU Sun, Y
Kantor, PB
Morse, EL
AF Sun, Ying
Kantor, Paul B.
Morse, Emile L.
TI Using Cross-Evaluation to Evaluate Interactive QA Systems
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFORMATION SEEKING; USERS; MODEL
AB In this article, we report on an experiment to assess the possibility of rigorous evaluation of interactive question-answering (QA) systems using the cross-evaluation method. This method takes into account the effects of tasks and context, and of the users of the systems. Statistical techniques are used to remove these effects, isolating the effect of the system itself. The results show that this approach yields meaningful measurements of the impact of systems on user task performance, using a surprisingly small number of subjects and without relying on predetermined judgments of the quality, or of the relevance of materials. We conclude that the method is indeed effective for comparing end-to-end QA systems, and for comparing interactive systems with high efficiency.
C1 [Sun, Ying] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
[Kantor, Paul B.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Morse, Emile L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sun, Y (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, 548 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM sun3@buffalo.edu; paul.kantor@rutgers.edu; emile.morse@nist.gov
FU Advanced Research and Development Activity's (ARDA) Advanced Question
Answering for Intelligence (AQUAINT) Program [2002-H790400-000]; DARPA
[N66001-97-C-8537]
FX We thank the Advanced Research and Development Activity's (ARDA)
Advanced Question Answering for Intelligence (AQUAINT) Program for its
support of this research. We also thank the DARPA project under contract
number N66001-97-C-8537 to Rutgers University, and the HITIQA project, a
large-scale multi-institutional project supported by the ARDA AQUAINT
Program under contract number 2002-H790400-000, as it is in those two
projects that the cross-evaluation method was developed and first
tested.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1532-2882
J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC
JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 9
BP 1653
EP 1665
DI 10.1002/asi.21585
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library
Science
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science
GA 811YP
UT WOS:000294255200001
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, J
Niestemski, FC
Kunwar, S
Li, SL
Steffens, P
Hiess, A
Kang, HJ
Wilson, SD
Wang, ZQ
Dai, PC
Madhavan, V
AF Zhao, Jun
Niestemski, F. C.
Kunwar, Shankar
Li, Shiliang
Steffens, P.
Hiess, A.
Kang, H. J.
Wilson, Stephen D.
Wang, Ziqiang
Dai, Pengcheng
Madhavan, V.
TI Electron-spin excitation coupling in an electron-doped copper oxide
superconductor
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTRUM;
DENSITY
AB High-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity in the copper oxides arises from electron or hole doping of their antiferromagnetic (AF) insulating parent compounds. The evolution of the AF phase with doping and its spatial coexistence with superconductivity are governed by the nature of charge and spin correlations, which provides clues to the mechanism of high-T(c) superconductivity. Here we use neutron scattering and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) to study the evolution of the bosonic excitations in electron-doped superconductor Pr(0.88)LaCe(0.12)CuO(4-delta) with different transition temperatures (T(c)) obtained through the oxygen annealing process. We find that spin excitations detected by neutron scattering have two distinct modes that evolve with T(c) in a remarkably similar fashion to the low-energy electron tunnelling modes detected by STS. These results demonstrate that antiferromagnetism and superconductivity compete locally and coexist spatially on nanometre length scales, and the dominant electron-boson coupling at low energies originates from the electron-spin excitations.
C1 [Zhao, Jun; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Niestemski, F. C.; Kunwar, Shankar; Wilson, Stephen D.; Wang, Ziqiang; Madhavan, V.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA.
[Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China.
[Steffens, P.; Hiess, A.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Kang, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM pdai@utk.edu; madhavan@bc.edu
RI Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Li,
Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012
OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170
FU US NSF [NSF-OISE-0968226]; US DOE, Division of Scientific User
Facilities; DOE [DE-SC0002554]; US DOE BES [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Chinese
Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Science and Technology of China
[2010CB833102, 2010CB923002]; Miller Institute of Basic Research in
Science at Berkeley; [NSF-CAREER-0645299]
FX The neutron scattering work at UT/ORNL is supported by the US
NSF-OISE-0968226, and by the US DOE, Division of Scientific User
Facilities (P.D.). Work at BC is supported by US NSF-CAREER-0645299
(V.M.) and DOE DE-SC0002554 (Z.W.). The single crystal PLCCO growth
effort at UT is supported by US DOE BES under Grant No.
DE-FG02-05ER46202 (P.D.). Work at IOP is supported by the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
(973 Project nos. 2010CB833102 and 2010CB923002). J.Z. is supported by a
fellowship from Miller Institute of Basic Research in Science at
Berkeley
NR 30
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 37
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 9
BP 719
EP 724
DI 10.1038/NPHYS2006
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 814VN
UT WOS:000294485400020
ER
PT J
AU Arp, U
Clark, C
Deng, L
Faradzhev, N
Farrell, A
Furst, M
Grantham, S
Hagley, E
Hill, S
Lucatorto, T
Shaw, PS
Tarrio, C
Vest, R
AF Arp, U.
Clark, C.
Deng, L.
Faradzhev, N.
Farrell, A.
Furst, M.
Grantham, S.
Hagley, E.
Hill, S.
Lucatorto, T.
Shaw, P. -S.
Tarrio, C.
Vest, R.
TI SURF III: A flexible synchrotron radiation source for radiometry and
research
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Pan-American Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation
(SRI2010)
CY SEP 21-24, 2010
CL Chicago, IL
SP Blake Industries Inc, Dectris
DE Radiometry; Calibration; Space instrumentation; Vacuum ultraviolet
ID EUV REFLECTOMETRY FACILITY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIOMETRY; BEAMLINE; NIST
AB The calculability of synchrotron radiation (SR) makes electron storage rings wonderful light sources for radiometry. The broadband nature of SR allows coverage of the entire spectral region from the X-ray to the far-infrared. Compact low-energy storage rings like the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility SURF III are perfect sources for radiometric applications, because the output spectrum can be custom-tailored to the user's needs: low current operations can simulate the solar spectrum, changes to the electron energy can address higher-order contributions of spectrometers and monochromators, and manipulation of the source size can increase the lifetime or change the radiation density. At large multi-user facilities these special operational conditions are generally not possible, since many users have to be satisfied simultaneously. At SURF III, NIST maintains one of the best SR-based infrared to soft X-ray calibration programs in the world: standard lamp calibrations, detector calibrations, and measurements of optical properties are routinely performed at SURF with great reliability and accuracy. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Arp, U.; Clark, C.; Deng, L.; Faradzhev, N.; Farrell, A.; Furst, M.; Grantham, S.; Hagley, E.; Hill, S.; Lucatorto, T.; Shaw, P. -S.; Tarrio, C.; Vest, R.] NIST, Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiat Facil SURF 3, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Arp, U (reprint author), NIST, Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiat Facil SURF 3, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM uwe.arp@nist.gov
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009;
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455
NR 22
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 649
IS 1
BP 12
EP 14
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.078
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 813VA
UT WOS:000294397100006
ER
PT J
AU Fry, JA
Xian, G
Jin, SM
Dewitz, JA
Homer, CG
Yang, LM
Barnes, CA
Herold, ND
Wickham, JD
AF Fry, Joyce A.
Xian, George
Jin, Suming
Dewitz, Jon A.
Homer, Collin G.
Yang, Limin
Barnes, Christopher A.
Herold, Nathaniel D.
Wickham, James D.
TI NATIONAL LAND COVER DATABSE FOR THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED SATES
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID THEMATIC ACCURACY; STATES; COMPLETION
C1 [Herold, Nathaniel D.] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
[Wickham, James D.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA.
EM jfry@usgs.gov; xian@usgs.gov; sjin@usgs.gov; dewitz@usgs.gov;
homer@usgs.gov; lyang@usgs.gov; barnes@usgs.gov; nate.herold@noaa.gov;
Wickham.James@epamail.epa.gov
RI Barnes, Christopher/E-7836-2015
FU MRLC Consortium; SGT under U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044]; ASRC
under U.S. Geological Survey [G08PC91508]
FX Research, development, and production efforts for NLCD 2006 data
products and supplementary layers result from the cooperative efforts of
several teams of dedicated individuals. Because of the number of
individuals involved, they cannot all be properly acknowledged here. We
would like to acknowledge the many organizations that made this work
possible especially the support of the individuals and agencies of the
MRLC Consortium, in addition to Federal and Federal contractor mapping
teams. We would also like to acknowledge all of the organizations,
agencies, and individuals who provided training data for NLCD 2006
modeling. This study is made possible in part by SGT under U.S.
Geological Survey contract G10PC00044 and by ASRC under U.S. Geological
Survey contract G08PC91508.
NR 24
TC 147
Z9 148
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 9
SI SI
BP 859
EP 864
PG 6
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 812VQ
UT WOS:000294321400001
ER
PT J
AU Mumm, HP
Chupp, TE
Cooper, RL
Coulter, KP
Freedman, SJ
Fujikawa, BK
Garcia, A
Jones, GL
Nico, JS
Thompson, AK
Trull, CA
Wilkerson, JF
Wietfeldt, FE
AF Mumm, H. P.
Chupp, T. E.
Cooper, R. L.
Coulter, K. P.
Freedman, S. J.
Fujikawa, B. K.
Garcia, A.
Jones, G. L.
Nico, J. S.
Thompson, A. K.
Trull, C. A.
Wilkerson, J. F.
Wietfeldt, F. E.
TI New Limit on Time-Reversal Violation in Beta Decay
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON DECAY; T-VIOLATION; INVARIANCE; SIMULATION
AB We report the results of an improved determination of the triple correlation DP . (p(e) x p(v)) that can be used to limit possible time-reversal invariance in the beta decay of polarized neutrons and constrain extensions to the standard model. Our result is D = [-0.96 +/- 1.89(stat) +/- 1.01(sys)] x 10(-4). The corresponding phase between g(A) and g(V) is phi(AV) = 180.013 degrees +/- 0.028 degrees (68% confidence level). This result represents the most sensitive measurement of D in nuclear beta decay.
C1 [Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mumm, H. P.; Garcia, A.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Mumm, H. P.; Garcia, A.; Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Chupp, T. E.; Cooper, R. L.; Coulter, K. P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA.
[Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Garcia, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA.
[Trull, C. A.; Wietfeldt, F. E.] Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
[Wilkerson, J. F.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
RP Mumm, HP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217; Garcia,
Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics; National Science
Foundation
FX The authors acknowledge the support of the NCNR, U.S. Department of
Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. This
research was made possible by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Nuclear Physics and the National Science Foundation.
NR 21
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 10
AR 102301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.102301
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 813YO
UT WOS:000294406600004
PM 21981496
ER
PT J
AU Stimler, K
Berry, JA
Montzka, SA
Yakir, D
AF Stimler, Keren
Berry, Joseph A.
Montzka, Steve A.
Yakir, Dan
TI Association between Carbonyl Sulfide Uptake and (18)Delta during Gas
Exchange in C-3 and C-4 Leaves
SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS; TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY;
ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HIGHER-PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS;
DISCRIMINATION; CARBOXYLASE; DEPOSITION
AB Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and (COO)-O-18 exchange by leaves provide potentially powerful tracers of biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange, and both are assumed to depend on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and conductance along the diffusive pathway in leaves. We investigated these links using C-3 and C-4 plants, hypothesizing that the rates of COS and (COO)-O-18 exchange by leaves respond in parallel to environmental and biological drivers. Using CA-deficient antisense lines of C-4 and C-3 plants, COS uptake was essentially eliminated and discrimination against (COO)-O-18 exchange ((18)Delta) greatly reduced, demonstrating CA's key role in both processes. (18)Delta showed a positive linear correlation with leaf relative uptake (LRU; ratio of COS to CO2 assimilation rates, A(s)/A(c), normalized to their respective ambient concentrations), which reflected the effects of stomatal conductance on both COS and (COO)-O-18 exchange. Unexpectedly, a decoupling between A(s) and (18)Delta was observed in comparing C-4 and C-3 plants, with a large decrease in (18)Delta but no parallel reduction in A(s) in the former. This could be explained by C-4 plants having higher COS concentrations at the CA site (maintaining high A(s) with reduced CA) and a high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase/CA activity ratio (reducing O-18 exchange efficiency between CO2 and water, but not A(s)). Similar A(s) but higher A(c) in C-4 versus C-3 plants resulted in lower LRU values in the former (1.16 +/- 0.20 and 1.82 +/- 0.18 for C-4 and C-3, respectively). LRU was, however, relatively constant in both plant types across a wide range of conditions, except low light (<191 mu mol photon m(-2) s(-1)).
C1 [Stimler, Keren; Yakir, Dan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
[Berry, Joseph A.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Montzka, Steve A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Yakir, D (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
EM dan.yakir@weizmann.ac.il
RI Yakir, Dan/K-1500-2012
FU Israel Science Foundation; U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation;
Minerva Foundation
FX This work was supported by the Israel Science Foundation, the
U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation, and the Minerva Foundation.
NR 40
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA
SN 0032-0889
EI 1532-2548
J9 PLANT PHYSIOL
JI Plant Physiol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 157
IS 1
BP 509
EP 517
DI 10.1104/pp.111.176578
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA 814XZ
UT WOS:000294491800039
PM 21715674
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, YS
Li, XF
AF Zhou Yushu
Li, Xiaofan
TI An analysis of thermally-related surface rainfall budgets associated
with convective and stratiform rainfall
SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE surface rainfall; infrared cooling; heat divergence; cloud-resolving
model simulation
ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; TROPICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; NUMERICAL
SIMULATIONS; SQUALL-LINE; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; MICROSCALE
STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS;
ICE MICROPHYSICS
AB Both water vapor and heat processes play key roles in producing surface rainfall. While the water vapor effects of sea surface temperature and cloud radiative and microphysical processes on surface rainfall have been investigated in previous studies, the thermal effects on rainfall are analyzed in this study using a series of two-dimensional equilibrium cloud-resolving model experiments forced by zonally-uniform, constant, large-scale zonal wind and zero large-scale vertical velocity. The analysis of thermally-related surface rainfall budget reveals that the model domain mean surface rain rate is primarily associated with the mean infrared cooling rate. Convective rainfall and transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions to raining stratiform regions corresponds to the heat divergence over convective regions, whereas stratiform rainfall corresponds to the transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions and heat divergence over raining stratiform regions. The heat divergence over convective regions is mainly balanced by the heat convergence over rainfall-free regions, which is, in turn, offset by the radiative cooling over rainfall-free regions. The sensitivity experiments of rainfall to the effects of sea surface temperature and cloud radiative and microphysical processes show that the sea surface temperature and cloud processes affect convective rainfall through the changes in infrared cooling rate over rainfall-free regions and transport rate of heat from convective regions to rainfall-free regions.
C1 [Zhou Yushu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Zhou, YS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
EM zys@mail.iap.ac.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB421505]; National
Natural Science Foundation of China [41075044, 41075079]
FX The authors thank Dr. S. GAO at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China for the equilibrium
cloud-resolving model simulation data. This work is supported by the
National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505) and
projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.
41075044 and 41075079).
NR 55
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 0256-1530
J9 ADV ATMOS SCI
JI Adv. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 28
IS 5
BP 1099
EP 1108
DI 10.1007/s00376-010-0031-2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 809PI
UT WOS:000294068800011
ER
PT J
AU Mendoza, Y
Goodwin, KD
Happell, JD
AF Mendoza, Y.
Goodwin, K. D.
Happell, J. D.
TI Microbial Removal of Atmospheric Carbon Tetrachloride in Bulk Aerobic
Soils
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SP STRAIN KC; METHANE OXIDATION; METHYL-BROMIDE;
PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ANAEROBIC BIOTRANSFORMATION; REDUCTIVE
DEHALOGENATION; UTILIZING BACTERIA; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; TRANSFORMATION;
DEGRADATION
AB Atmospheric concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) were removed by bulk aerobic soils from tropical, subtropical, and boreal environments. Removal was observed in all tested soil types, indicating that the process was widespread. The flux measured in field chamber experiments was 0.24 +/- 0.10 nmol CCl(4) (m(2) day)-1 (average +/- standard deviation [ SD]; n = 282). Removal of CCl(4) and removal of methane (CH(4)) were compared to explore whether the two processes were linked. Removal of both gases was halted in laboratory samples that were autoclaved, dry heated, or incubated in the presence of mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)). In marl soils, treatment with antibiotics such as tetracycline and streptomycin caused partial inhibition of CCl(4) (50%) and CH(4) (76%) removal, but removal was not affected in soils treated with nystatin or myxothiazol. These data indicated that bacteria contributed to the soil removal of CCl(4) and that microeukaryotes may not have played a significant role. Amendments of methanol, acetate, and succinate to soil samples enhanced CCl(4) removal by 59%, 293%, and 72%, respectively. Additions of a variety of inhibitors and substrates indicated that nitrification, methanogenesis, or biological reduction of nitrate, nitrous oxide, or sulfate (e. g., occurring in possible anoxic microzones) did not play a significant role in the removal of CCl(4). Methyl fluoride inhibited removal of CH(4) but not CCl(4), indicating that CH(4) and CCl(4) removals were not directly linked. Furthermore, CCl(4) removal was not affected in soils amended with copper sulfate or methane, supporting the results with MeF and suggesting that the observed CCl(4) removal was not significantly mediated by methanotrophs.
C1 [Mendoza, Y.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Tritium Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Goodwin, K. D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Mendoza, Y (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Tritium Lab, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM ymendoza@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014
OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073
FU NSF [ATM-0400429]
FX This work was supported by NSF grant ATM-0400429.
NR 68
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 77
IS 17
BP 5835
EP 5841
DI 10.1128/AEM.05341-11
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 811JP
UT WOS:000294205700001
PM 21724884
ER
PT J
AU Mason, B
Beard, M
Miller, MW
AF Mason, B.
Beard, M.
Miller, M. W.
TI Coral larvae settle at a higher frequency on red surfaces
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coral; Planulae; Metamorphosis; Color; Porites astreoides; Acropora
palmata
ID ACROPORA-MILLEPORA; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; REEF CORALS; ALGAL TURFS;
RECRUITMENT; METAMORPHOSIS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; OPSINS; COLOR
AB Although chemical cues serve as the primary determinants of larval settlement and metamorphosis, light is also known to influence the behavior and the settlement of coral planulae. For example, Porites astreoides planulae settle preferentially on unconditioned red substrata. In order to test whether this behavior was a response to color and whether other species also demonstrate color preference, settlement choice experiments were conducted with P. astreoides and Acropora palmata. In these experiments, larvae were offered various types of plastic substrata representing three to seven different color choices. Both species consistently settled on red (or red and orange) substrata at a higher frequency than other colors. In one experiment, P. astreoides settled on 100% of red, plastic cable ties but failed to settle on green or white substrata. In a second experiment, 24% of larvae settled on red buttons, more than settled on six other colors combined. A. palmata settled on 80% of red and of orange cables ties but failed to settle on blue in one experiment and settled on a greater proportion of red acrylic squares than on four other colors or limestone controls in a second experiment. The consistency of the response across a variety of plastic materials suggests the response is related to long-wavelength photosensitivity. Fluorescence and reflectance spectra of experimental substrata demonstrated that the preferred substrata had spectra dominated by wavelengths greater than 550 nm with little or no reflection or emission of shorter wavelengths. These results suggest that some species of coral larvae may use spectral cues for fine-scale habitat selection during settlement. This behavior may be an adaptation to promote settlement in crustose coralline algae (CCA)-dominated habitats facilitating juvenile survival.
C1 [Mason, B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Beard, M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Miller, M. W.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Mason, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM bmason@rsmas.miami.edu
FU NOAA; Sanctuary Friends Foundation of the Florida Keys; Henry Foundation
FX This project was facilitated by permits (FKNMS-2006-009, FKNMS-2006-026,
FKNMS-20070114, FKNMS-2009-022) and logistic support from the Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Funding was provided by the NOAA Coral
Reef Conservation Program, Sanctuary Friends Foundation of the Florida
Keys, and Henry Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge assistance from D.
Williams, L. Johnston, and a multitude of others involved in fieldwork
and larval culture for the project. R. Ritson-Williams assisted with the
collection and identification CCA. G. Gaidosh and K. Voss enabled
measurements of fluorescence and reflectance spectra. E. Borneman
provided helpful discussion on methods. We also thank M. Schmale, R.
Albright, A. Baird, and four anonymous reviewers for comments on the
manuscript. M. Beard's contribution (published here post-humously) was
part of an internship conducted at the Southeast Fisheries Science
Center as part of the Florida State University Certificate Program in
Marine Biology.
NR 47
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 5
U2 58
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
EI 1432-0975
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 30
IS 3
BP 667
EP 676
DI 10.1007/s00338-011-0739-1
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 802UN
UT WOS:000293536600015
ER
PT J
AU Nur, N
Jahncke, J
Herzog, MP
Howar, J
Hyrenbach, KD
Zamon, JE
Ainley, DG
Wiens, JA
Morgan, K
Ballance, LT
Stralberg, D
AF Nur, Nadav
Jahncke, Jaime
Herzog, Mark P.
Howar, Julie
Hyrenbach, K. David
Zamon, Jeannette E.
Ainley, David G.
Wiens, John A.
Morgan, Ken
Ballance, Lisa T.
Stralberg, Diana
TI Where the wild things are: predicting hotspots of seabird aggregations
in the California Current System
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE bagged decision trees; California Current System; habitat-association
models; hotspots; marine protected areas; marine reserves; multispecies
aggregations; pelagic ecosystems; remote-sensed data; seabirds; spatial
predictive models
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC;
HABITAT; ASSOCIATIONS; OCEAN; CONSERVATION; SEA; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT
AB Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) provide an important tool for conservation of marine ecosystems. To be most effective, these areas should be strategically located in a manner that supports ecosystem function. To inform marine spatial planning and support strategic establishment of MPAs within the California Current System, we identified areas predicted to support multispecies aggregations of seabirds ("hotspots''). We developed habitat-association models for 16 species using information from at-sea observations collected over an 11-year period (1997-2008), bathymetric data, and remotely sensed oceanographic data for an area from north of Vancouver Island, Canada, to the USA/Mexico border and seaward 600 km from the coast. This approach enabled us to predict distribution and abundance of seabirds even in areas of few or no surveys. We developed single-species predictive models using a machine-learning algorithm: bagged decision trees. Single-species predictions were then combined to identify potential hotspots of seabird aggregation, using three criteria: (1) overall abundance among species, (2) importance of specific areas ("core areas'') to individual species, and (3) predicted persistence of hotspots across years. Model predictions were applied to the entire California Current for four seasons (represented by February, May, July, and October) in each of 11 years. Overall, bathymetric variables were often important predictive variables, whereas oceanographic variables derived from remotely sensed data were generally less important. Predicted hotspots often aligned with currently protected areas (e.g., National Marine Sanctuaries), but we also identified potential hotspots in Northern California/Southern Oregon (from Cape Mendocino to Heceta Bank), Southern California (adjacent to the Channel Islands), and adjacent to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, that are not currently included in protected areas. Prioritization and identification of multispecies hotspots will depend on which group of species is of highest management priority. Modeling hotspots at a broad spatial scale can contribute to MPA site selection, particularly if complemented by fine-scale information for focal areas.
C1 [Nur, Nadav; Jahncke, Jaime; Herzog, Mark P.; Howar, Julie; Wiens, John A.; Stralberg, Diana] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Hyrenbach, K. David] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
[Zamon, Jeannette E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA.
[Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA.
[Morgan, Ken] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
[Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Jahncke, J (reprint author), PRBO Conservat Sci, 3820 Cypress Dr,11, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
EM jjahncke@prbo.org
OI Herzog, Mark/0000-0002-5203-2835
FU Resources Legacy Fund Foundation; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation;
Moore Family Foundation; Faucett Family Foundation; Hellman Family
Foundation; Carolyn Johnson and Rick Theis
FX Financial support was provided by the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation,
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Moore Family Foundation, Faucett
Family Foundation, Hellman Family Foundation, an anonymous PRBO donor,
and Carolyn Johnson and Rick Theis. Numerous agencies have provided
long-term support of the at-sea surveys, in particular, NOAA, CWS/EC,
and Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Thanks to all those who
contributed to data collection and processing for the many at-sea
surveys and for keeping the long-term monitoring going, in particular
Richard Veit, John McGowan, and Bill Sydeman for their essential roles
in data collection. We thank Glenn Ford, Bill Monahan, and Anna
Weinstein for discussion. We thank Ben Lascelles and Mark Tasker for
incisive review of the manuscript. We thank Daniel Fink (Cornell Lab of
Ornithology) for the custom R code for the bagging portion of our
analysis. This is PRBO contribution number 1748.
NR 63
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 5
U2 69
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 21
IS 6
BP 2241
EP 2257
PG 17
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 810VM
UT WOS:000294155900029
PM 21939058
ER
PT J
AU Millar, RB
Anderson, MJ
Tolimieri, N
AF Millar, Russell B.
Anderson, Marti J.
Tolimieri, Nick
TI Much ado about nothings: using zero similarity points in distance-decay
curves
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE beta diversity; binomial; bootstrap; distance decay; generalized
dissimilarity model; generalized linear model; jackknife; link function;
zero similarity
ID BETA-DIVERSITY; PARASITE COMMUNITIES; HOSTS
AB Distance decay is used to describe the (usually exponential) decay in ecological similarity of assemblages between two sites as a function of their distance apart along an environmental gradient. Exponential distance-decay curves are routinely fitted by calculating the ecological similarity between each pair of sites, and fitting a linear regression to the points on a scatter plot of log-similarity vs. distance (x-axis). However, pairs of sites where the assemblages have no species in common pose a problem, because the similarity is zero, and the log transformation cannot be applied. Common fixes to this problem (i.e., either removing or transforming the zero values) are shown to have undesirable consequences and to give widely disparate estimates. A new method is presented as a special case of a generalized dissimilarity model. It is fitted very quickly and easily using existing software, and it does not require removal or transformation of the zero similarity points. Its simplicity makes it convenient for use in conjunction with the resampling methods that are routinely employed to test hypotheses, to obtain standard errors of estimated parameters, or to compare distance-decay curves. A word of caution about standard application of the bootstrap is noted, and modified bootstrap and jackknife alternatives are demonstrated.
C1 [Millar, Russell B.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
[Anderson, Marti J.] Massey Univ Albany, New Zealand Inst Adv Study, N Shore City 0745, New Zealand.
[Tolimieri, Nick] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Millar, RB (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
EM r.millar@auckland.ac.nz
FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Santa
Barbara, California, USA; Royal Society of New Zealand [MAU0713]
FX This work arose out of the activities of the working group entitled "A
synthesis of patterns, analyses, and mechanisms of diversity along
ecological gradients," funded by the National Center for Ecological
Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), Santa Barbara, California, USA. M. J.
Anderson was also supported by a Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden
Grant (MAU0713).
NR 26
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 6
U2 32
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 9
BP 1717
EP 1722
PG 6
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 810UK
UT WOS:000294152800002
PM 21939067
ER
PT J
AU Butterfield, DA
Nakamura, K
Takano, B
Lilley, MD
Lupton, JE
Resing, JA
Roe, KK
AF Butterfield, David A.
Nakamura, Ko-ichi
Takano, Bokuichiro
Lilley, Marvin D.
Lupton, John E.
Resing, Joseph A.
Roe, Kevin K.
TI High SO2 flux, sulfur accumulation, and gas fractionation at an erupting
submarine volcano
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; MARIANA ARC; OXIDATION-STATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE;
CONSTRAINTS; PACIFIC; EVENT; BASIN; RIDGE
AB Strombolian-style volcanic activity has persisted for six years at the NW Rota-1 submarine volcano in the southern Mariana Arc, allowing direct observation and sampling of gas-rich fluids produced by actively degassing lavas, and permitting study of the magma-hydrothermal transition zone. Fluids sampled centimeters above erupting lava and percolating through volcaniclastic sediments around an active vent have dissolved sulfite >100 mmol/kg, total dissolved sulfi de <30 mu mol/kg, pH as low as 1.05, and dissolved Al and Fe >1 mmol/kg. If NW Rota is representative of submarine arc eruptions, then volcanic vent fluids from seawater-lava interaction on submarine arcs have a significant impact on the global hydrothermal flux of sulfur and Al to the oceans, but a minimal impact on Mg removal. Gas ratios (SO2, CO2, H-2, and He) are variable on small spatial and temporal scales, indicative of solubility fractionation and gas scrubbing. Elemental sulfur (S-e) is abundant in solid and molten form, produced primarily by disproportionation of magmatic SO2 injected into seawater. S-e accumulates within the porous rock surrounding the lava conduit connecting the magma source to the seafloor. Accumulated S-e can be heated, melted, and pushed upward by rising magma to produce molten S-e flows and lavas saturated with S-e. Molten S-e near the top of the lava conduit may be ejected up into the water column by escaping gases or boiling water. This mechanism of S-e accumulation and refluxing may underlie the relatively widespread occurrence of S-e deposits of many sizes found on submarine arc volcanoes.
C1 [Butterfield, David A.; Resing, Joseph A.; Roe, Kevin K.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Nakamura, Ko-ichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan.
[Takano, Bokuichiro] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
[Lilley, Marvin D.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Butterfield, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354925, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016
OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Joint Institute
for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans; NOAA Ocean Exploration and
Research; National Science Foundation [OCE-0751699]
FX This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
Vents Program, the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and
Oceans, NOAA Ocean Exploration and Research, and the National Science
Foundation (OCE-0751699). This is PMEL contribution 3498. Eric Olson,
Ben Larson, Leigh Evans, and My Christensen analyzed samples. Karen
Birchfield crafted Figure 2. Bob Stern provided rock composition data.
Bob Embley and Bill Chadwick commented on the manuscript. Discussions
with K. Cashman, N. Deardorff, E. Baker, and C. de Ronde were valuable.
The expertise of the ROPOS and Jason-2 groups are greatly appreciated.
NR 31
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U1 4
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PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 39
IS 9
BP 803
EP 806
DI 10.1130/G31901.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA 809KJ
UT WOS:000294053300007
ER
PT J
AU Graham, N
Grainger, R
Karp, WA
MacLennan, DN
MacMullen, P
Nedreaas, K
AF Graham, Norman
Grainger, Richard
Karp, William A.
MacLennan, David N.
MacMullen, Philip
Nedreaas, Kjell
TI An introduction to the proceedings and a synthesis of the 2010 ICES
Symposium on Fishery-Dependent Information
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE ecosystem effects; fishery-dependent data; fishery management;
stakeholders
ID IMPLEMENTATION
AB Current problems and issues concerning the collection and use of fishery-dependent information are reviewed and selected papers in the pages following highlight emergent findings in the field. Key issues include relationships between stakeholders, especially fishers and scientists, and how to develop these constructively, the increasing demands on the quality and range of data on fishing activities and exploitation rates needed to promote the ecosystem approach to fishery management, and technological advances that have allowed new approaches and insights.
C1 [Graham, Norman] Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
[Grainger, Richard] Food & Agr Org, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, I-00153 Rome, Italy.
[Karp, William A.] NOAA, Sand Point Lab, Seattle, WA 98155 USA.
[MacLennan, David N.] Orchard, Perth PH2 7BQ, Scotland.
[MacMullen, Philip] Fishgate, Seafish, Kingston Upon Hull HU1 2ET, N Humberside, England.
[Nedreaas, Kjell] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
RP Graham, N (reprint author), Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
EM norman.graham@marine.ie
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U1 1
U2 19
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 8
BP 1593
EP 1597
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr136
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 809RW
UT WOS:000294075400001
ER
PT J
AU Faunce, CH
Barbeaux, SJ
AF Faunce, Craig H.
Barbeaux, Steven J.
TI The frequency and quantity of Alaskan groundfish catcher-vessel landings
made with and without an observer
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ICES Symposium on Fishery-Dependent Information
CY AUG 23-26, 2010
CL Galway, IRELAND
DE Alaska; bias; catch monitoring; fisheries; groundfish; observers
ID TRAWL FISHERY; SEA
AB The North Pacific Groundfish Observer Programme (NPGOP) is one of the largest on-board fishery-monitoring programmes in the world, and the data are used extensively for both in-and post-season management of fisheries. Within certain limits, Alaskan fishers determine when and where to carry observers. There may be an incentive to fish differently during observed trips because (i) observed trips carry higher costs than unobserved trips, and (ii) bycatch quanta for quota deduction are estimated by applying bycatch rates from observed trips to retained catches on unobserved trips. Such differences may be manifest through the skewed deployment of observers among fisheries, i. e. a deployment effect, and through unrepresentative activities by fishers when an observer is on board, i. e. an observer effect. Despite long-standing concerns expressed over the NPGOP's 40-year history, evidence of deployment and observer effects have been based largely on anecdotal information. In 2008, database changes allowed a comparison of industry landing reports for trips with and without an observer. A deployment effect was evidenced by significant deviations from the expected landing ratios between observed and unobserved trips, and linear mixed-effect models revealed differences in the landed weight and evidence for an observer effect within two of five fisheries examined.
C1 [Faunce, Craig H.; Barbeaux, Steven J.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM craig.faunce@noaa.gov
NR 22
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 8
BP 1757
EP 1763
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr090
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 809RW
UT WOS:000294075400023
ER
PT J
AU Faunce, CH
AF Faunce, Craig H.
TI A comparison between industry and observer catch compositions within the
Gulf of Alaska rockfish fishery
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ICES Symposium on Fishery-Dependent Information
CY AUG 23-26, 2010
CL Galway, IRELAND
DE compliance monitoring; fisheries management; fishery observers; species
identification
ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SCORPAENIFORMES; REDESCRIPTION; RESURRECTION;
MANAGEMENT; TELEOSTEI; LESSONS
AB Stock assessment scientists and fishery managers operate under the necessary assumption that the identities of species in official catch reports are known without error. To test this assumption, the incidence, magnitude, and possible causes of species misidentification between industry and fishery-observer data sources were investigated for 29 rockfish landings made in Kodiak, AK. Rockfish species were misidentified in nearly all these landings, and the incidence of misidentification between data sources differed among species rather than the processing plant examined. Although observers failed to identify species recorded by processing plant staff as a result of small sampling fractions, the industry missed species that were identified by observers in more than half the offloads examined. The presence of management species complexes did not reduce the likelihood of erroneous quota debiting as a result of species misidentification. In one landing, the misidentification of the main rockfish species corresponded to the release of a weekly report on total allowable catch and resulted in a delayed fishery closure. Efforts to improve the accuracy of species identifications reported by industry in landing reports are warranted in Alaska, and methods to accomplish this through efficient deployment of observers are discussed.
C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM craig.faunce@noaa.gov
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PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 8
BP 1769
EP 1777
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr093
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 809RW
UT WOS:000294075400025
ER
PT J
AU Kane, J
AF Kane, Joseph
TI Multiyear variability of phytoplankton abundance in the Gulf of Maine
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Continuous Plankton Recorder; Gulf of Maine; interannual trends;
phytoplankton abundance
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; PLANKTON RECORDER DATA; GEORGES-BANK;
CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; SCOTIAN SHELF; ZOOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEM; COPEPODS;
TRENDS; SEA
AB Significant interannual changes in phytoplankton abundance were identified in the Continuous Plankton Recorder time-series collected in the Gulf of Maine from 1961 to 2008. Abundance levels of nearly all the common taxa began to increase in 1990 and remained elevated through 2001. During that period, total numbers were above average throughout the year, with an unusual bloom in late summer. Multivariate analysis of abundance identified three consecutive multiyear periods of varying abundance levels: low to average from 1961 to 1989, above average or very high from 1990 to 2001, and below average thereafter, through 2008. Phytoplankton abundance patterns were closely aligned to the rising trends displayed by several of the common zooplankton taxa. The North Atlantic Oscillation was the only environmental variable examined that showed some association with time-series abundance trends of plankton. The index was primarily positive in the 1990s, which would favour the propagation of warm, nutrient-rich slope water into the region. Perhaps the increased influx of this water, along with feedback enrichment from abundant zooplankton stocks and reduced top-down control by the relative scarcity of the dominant copepod Calanus finmarchicus, combined with a low salinity to make the 1990s a unique decade for plankton change in the Gulf of Maine.
C1 [Kane, Joseph] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Kane, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM joe.kane@noaa.gov
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 1833
EP 1841
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr122
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 810EI
UT WOS:000294107800002
ER
PT J
AU Reese, DC
O'Malley, RT
Brodeur, RD
Churnside, JH
AF Reese, Douglas C.
O'Malley, Robert T.
Brodeur, Richard D.
Churnside, James H.
TI Epipelagic fish distributions in relation to thermal fronts in a coastal
upwelling system using high-resolution remote-sensing techniques
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE California Current; coastal ecosystem; front; habitat; lidar; pelagic
fish; sea surface temperature; spatial analysis; upwelling
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; AIRBORNE LIDAR;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; BLUEFIN TUNA; HOTSPOTS; HABITAT; ZOOPLANKTON; ALBACORE;
FEATURES
AB Coastal upwelling systems are characterized by substantial spatial and temporal variability with respect to surface conditions, with fauna patchily distributed and high abundances in localized areas. Examining habitat associations on finer spatial scales than previous studies have been able to achieve would advance the understanding of important marine coastal ecosystems. This study evaluates the spatial and temporal relationships of single fish and fish schools with sea surface temperature (SST) fronts in the northern California Current upwelling system, using lidar (light detection and ranging) from an aircraft to sample surface waters over the continental shelf. High-resolution data were collected on the distribution of surface nekton and SST, then the locations of fish were analysed with respect to their proximity to SST fronts using GIS spatial analyses. Both fish schools and solitary fish were located significantly closer to fronts than would be expected by chance. The association of fish to fronts varied with the progression of the upwelling season such that fish associated less with fronts under stronger upwelling conditions. The relationships observed indicate the importance of thermal features to fish as a habitat component in a variable upwelling environment and have implications for management and conservation.
C1 [Reese, Douglas C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[O'Malley, Robert T.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Brodeur, Richard D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Reese, DC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM dreese@lifetime.oregonstate.edu
RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU National Ocean Partnership Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration
[N000140510669]; BAA [04-022]; Bonneville Power Administration;
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
FX We thank Bob Emmett and the scientists and crew of the FV "Frosti", who
participated in the cruises and helped process the fish catch data, and
the pilots of the NOAA Twin Otter aircraft for providing flight support.
We also thank Igor Belkin for providing helpful guidance in our
front-detection method and Alix Gitelman for help and advice on
statistical analyses. The work was supported partially by the National
Ocean Partnership Program and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration
(grant #N000140510669, BAA number 04-022: a novel technique to detect
epipelagic fish populations and map their habitat). Funding for the
trawl collections came from the Bonneville Power Administration and the
Northwest Fisheries Science Center.
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 68
IS 9
BP 1865
EP 1874
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsr107
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 810EI
UT WOS:000294107800006
ER
PT J
AU Myles, L
Kochendorfer, J
Heuer, MW
Meyers, TP
AF Myles, LaToya
Kochendorfer, John
Heuer, Mark W.
Meyers, Tilden P.
TI Measurement of Trace Gas Fluxes over an Unfertilized Agricultural Field
Using the Flux-gradient Technique
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID MODIFIED BOWEN-RATIO; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA;
SURFACE-EXCHANGE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; NITRIC-ACID;
NITROGEN; HNO3; NH3
AB Trace gas fluxes exhibit extensive spatial and temporal variability that is dependent on a number of factors, including meteorology, ambient concentration, and emission source size. Previous studies have found that agricultural fertilization contributes to higher fluxes of certain gases. The magnitude of trace gas fluxes over unfertilized crops is still uncertain. In the present study, deposition of ammonia (NH(3)), nitric acid (HNO(3)), and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) was measured over unfertilized soybean using the flux-gradient technique. The eddy diffusivity was estimated from eddy covariance measurements of temperature fluxes, resulting in K(H) of 0.64 +/- 0.30 m(2) s(-1). Flux means and standard deviations were -0.14 +/- 0.13, -0.22 +/- 0.19, and -0.38 +/- 0.54 mu g m(-2) s(-1) for NH(3), HNO(3), and SO(2), respectively. Low concentrations of NH(3) and HNO(3) increased the relative uncertainties in the deposition velocities estimated from measured fluxes. This contributed to dissimilarities between deposition velocities estimated from the resistance analogy and deposition velocities estimated from fluxes. However, wet canopy conditions during the study may have led to an underestimation of deposition by the resistance analogy because the resistance method does not accurately describe the enhanced deposition rates that occur after dew formation. Quantification of vegetation characteristics, such as leaf wetness and apoplast chemistry, would be beneficial in future studies to more accurately determine stomatal resistance and its influence on fluxes.
C1 [Myles, LaToya; Kochendorfer, John; Heuer, Mark W.; Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, ARL Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Myles, L (reprint author), NOAA, ARL Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM latoya.myles@noaa.gov
RI Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015; Meyers,
Tilden/C-6633-2016
OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460;
FU USDA [35112]
FX The field study was partially funded by USDA CSREES Air Quality Program
Grant no. 35112. The authors thank principal investigator W. Robarge and
coinvestigators J. Walker, W. Luke, and Y. Wu. The authors also thank S.
Klemenz for sample analysis. This work is a contribution to the NOAA Air
Quality Program.
NR 51
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 40
IS 5
BP 1359
EP 1365
DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0386
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 811VR
UT WOS:000294244800002
PM 21869497
ER
PT J
AU Li, XP
AF Li, Xiaopeng
TI Strapdown INS/DGPS airborne gravimetry tests in the Gulf of Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY
LA English
DT Article
DE Strapdown Inertial Navigation System; Inertial Measurement Unit; DGPS;
Gravity
ID VECTOR GRAVIMETRY; SYSTEM
AB Combining data from a Strapdown Inertial Navigation System and a Differential Global Positioning System (SINS/DGPS) has shown great promise in estimating gravity on moving platforms. Previous studies on a ground-vehicle system obtained 1-3 mGal precision with 2 km spatial resolution. High-accuracy Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and cm-level positioning solutions are very important in obtaining mGal-level gravity disturbance estimates. However, these ideal configurations are not always available or achievable. Because the noise level in the SINS/DGPS gravimetric system generally decreases with an increase of speed and altitude of the platform, the stringent constraints on the IMU and GPS may be relieved in the airborne scenario. This paper presents an investigation of one navigation-grade and one tactical-grade IMU for the possibility of low-cost INS/GPS airborne gravimetry. We use the data collected during the Gravity-Lidar Study of 2006 (GLS06), which contains aerogravity, GPS, and INS along the northern coastline of the Gulf of Mexico. The gravity disturbance estimates from the navigation-grade IMU show 0.5-3.2 mGal precision compared with the onboard gravimeter's measurements and better than 3 mGal precision compared with the upward continued surface control data. Due to relatively large (240 s) smoothing window, the results have about 34 km along-track resolution. But the gravity estimates from the tactical-grade IMU have much poorer precisions. Nonetheless, useful contributions from the tactical-grade IMU could be extracted for longer wavelengths.
C1 Natl Geodet Survey, ERT, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA.
RP Li, XP (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, ERT, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA.
EM Xiaopeng.Li@noaa.gov
RI Li, Xiaopeng/A-8468-2009
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0949-7714
J9 J GEODESY
JI J. Geodesy
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 85
IS 9
BP 597
EP 605
DI 10.1007/s00190-011-0462-2
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing
GA 809OD
UT WOS:000294065700004
ER
PT J
AU Ford, MJ
Hanson, MB
Hempelmann, JA
Ayres, KL
Emmons, CK
Schorr, GS
Baird, RW
Balcomb, KC
Wasser, SK
Parsons, KM
Balcomb-Bartok, K
AF Ford, Michael J.
Hanson, M. Bradley
Hempelmann, Jennifer A.
Ayres, Katherine L.
Emmons, Candice K.
Schorr, Gregory S.
Baird, Robin W.
Balcomb, Kenneth C.
Wasser, Samuel K.
Parsons, Kim M.
Balcomb-Bartok, Kelly
TI Inferred Paternity and Male Reproductive Success in a Killer Whale
(Orcinus orca) Population
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE effective population size; microsatellite; parentage; pedigree;
relatedness; reproductive success
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM;
MICROSATELLITE LOCI; GENETIC-VARIATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; INBREEDING
AVOIDANCE; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER-PROGRAM
AB We used data from 78 individuals at 26 microsatellite loci to infer parental and sibling relationships within a community of fish-eating ("resident") eastern North Pacific killer whales (Orcinus orca). Paternity analysis involving 15 mother/calf pairs and 8 potential fathers and whole-pedigree analysis of the entire sample produced consistent results. The variance in male reproductive success was greater than expected by chance and similar to that of other aquatic mammals. Although the number of confirmed paternities was small, reproductive success appeared to increase with male age and size. We found no evidence that males from outside this small population sired any of the sampled individuals. In contrast to previous results in a different population, many offspring were the result of matings within the same "pod" (long-term social group). Despite this pattern of breeding within social groups, we found no evidence of offspring produced by matings between close relatives, and the average internal relatedness of individuals was significantly less than expected if mating were random. The population's estimated effective size was < 30 or about 1/3 of the current census size. Patterns of allele frequency variation were consistent with a population bottleneck.
C1 [Ford, Michael J.; Hanson, M. Bradley; Hempelmann, Jennifer A.; Emmons, Candice K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Ayres, Katherine L.; Wasser, Samuel K.] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Schorr, Gregory S.; Baird, Robin W.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA USA.
[Balcomb, Kenneth C.; Balcomb-Bartok, Kelly] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA USA.
[Parsons, Kim M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Ford, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM mike.ford@noaa.gov
RI Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012
FU US National Marine Fisheries Service
FX Funding; US National Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 94
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 6
U2 66
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 102
IS 5
BP 537
EP 553
DI 10.1093/jhered/esr067
PG 17
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 810EY
UT WOS:000294109400006
PM 21757487
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, JH
Ward, EJ
Carlson, SM
AF Anderson, Joseph H.
Ward, Eric J.
Carlson, Stephanie M.
TI A Model for Estimating the Minimum Number of Offspring to Sample in
Studies of Reproductive Success
SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
LA English
DT Article
DE natural selection; negative binomial; parentage; pedigree; power;
salmonid; sexual selection
ID PARENTAGE ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL CONFIDENCE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS;
STEELHEAD TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS; SALAMANDER; PATERNITY; ASSIGNMENT;
SELECTION; BEHAVIOR
AB Molecular parentage permits studies of selection and evolution in fecund species with cryptic mating systems, such as fish, amphibians, and insects. However, there exists no method for estimating the number of offspring that must be assigned parentage to achieve robust estimates of reproductive success when only a fraction of offspring can be sampled. We constructed a 2-stage model that first estimated the mean (mu) and variance (v) in reproductive success from published studies on salmonid fishes and then sampled offspring from reproductive success distributions simulated from the mu and v estimates. Results provided strong support for modeling salmonid reproductive success via the negative binomial distribution and suggested that few offspring samples are needed to reject the null hypothesis of uniform offspring production. However, the sampled reproductive success distributions deviated significantly (chi(2) goodness-of-fit test p value < 0.05) from the known simulated reproductive success distribution at rates often > 0.05 and as high as 0.24, even when hundreds of offspring were assigned parentage. In general, reproductive success patterns were less accurate when offspring were sampled from cohorts with larger numbers of parents and greater variance in reproductive success. Our model can be reparameterized with data from other species and will aid researchers in planning reproductive success studies by providing explicit sampling targets required to accurately assess reproductive success.
C1 [Anderson, Joseph H.; Ward, Eric J.; Carlson, Stephanie M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Anderson, JH (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM joe.anderson@noaa.gov
OI Carlson, Stephanie/0000-0003-3055-6483
FU H. Mason Keeler Endowment; University of Washington; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4170032, NA07OAR4170007, R/F-148,
R/F-159]; National Research Council
FX J.H.A. and S.M.C. were supported by the H. Mason Keeler Endowment,
administered by the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the
University of Washington. J.H.A. was also supported in part by a grant
from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA04OAR4170032
and NA07OAR4170007, Project No. R/F-148 and R/F-159. E.W.'s contribution
was funded by a fellowship from the National Research Council.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 19
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0022-1503
J9 J HERED
JI J. Hered.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 2011
VL 102
IS 5
BP 567
EP 576
DI 10.1093/jhered/esr060
PG 10
WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity
GA 810EY
UT WOS:000294109400009
PM 21697079
ER
PT J
AU Alvarez-Valtierra, L
Plusquellic, DF
Yi, JT
Pratt, DW
AF Alvarez-Valtierra, Leonardo
Plusquellic, David F.
Yi, John T.
Pratt, David W.
TI On the Excited State Dynamics of Vibronic Transitions. High-Resolution
Electronic Spectra of Acenaphthene and Its Argon van der Waals Complex
in the Gas Phase
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION SPECTRUM; JET-COOLED NAPHTHALENE; SPECTROSCOPY;
MOLECULES; S-1; AR
AB Rotationally resolved fluorescence excitation spectroscopy has been used to study the dynamics, electronic distribution, and the relative orientation of the transition moment vector in several vibronic transitions of acenaphthene (ACN) and in its Ar van der Waals (vdW) complex. The 0 0 band of the S-1 <- S-0 transition of ACN exhibits a transition moment orientation parallel to its a-inertial axis. However, some of the vibronic bands exhibit a transition moment orientation parallel to the b-inertial axis, suggesting a Herzberg-Teller coupling with the S-2. state. Additionally, some other vibronic bands exhibit anomalous intensity patterns in several of their rotational transitions. A Fermi resonance involving two near degenerate vibrations has been proposed to explain this behavior. The high-resolution electronic spectrum of the ACN-ArvdW complex has also been obtained and fully analyzed. The results indicate that the wealdy attached argon atom is located on top of the plane of the bare molecule at similar to 3.48 angstrom away from its center of mass in the So electronic state.
C1 [Alvarez-Valtierra, Leonardo] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Leon 37150, Gto, Mexico.
[Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Yi, John T.] Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA.
[Pratt, David W.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Alvarez-Valtierra, L (reprint author), Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Campus Leon, Leon 37150, Gto, Mexico.
EM leoav@fisica.ugto.mx
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI Alvarez-Valtierra, Leonardo/0000-0001-7038-2030
FU NSF [CHE-0615755, CHE-0911117]; AMC/FUMEC
FX This work has been supported by NSF (CHE-0615755 and CHE-0911117) to
whom we are grateful. L. Alvarez-Valtierra appreciates the financial
support provided by AMC/FUMEC 2010.
NR 37
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 34
SI SI
BP 9557
EP 9566
DI 10.1021/jp1124298
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 810SC
UT WOS:000294146400028
PM 21667948
ER
PT J
AU Chou, SG
Rodrigo, CP
Muller, CW
Douglass, KO
Zwier, TS
Plusquellic, DF
AF Chou, Shin Grace
Rodrigo, Chirantha P.
Mueller, Christian W.
Douglass, Kevin O.
Zwier, Timothy S.
Plusquellic, David F.
TI Rotationally Resolved C-2 Symmetric Conformers of
Bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane: Prototypical Examples of Excitonic
Coupling in the S-1 and S-2 Electronic States
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; PULSED-MOLECULAR-BEAM;
HIGH-RESOLUTION; CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERIZATION; THIN-FILMS; SPECTRA;
SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY
AB Rotationally resolved microwave and ultraviolet spectra of jet-cooled bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (b4HPM) have been obtained using Fourier-transform microwave and UV laser/molecular beam spectrometers. A recent vibronic level study of b4HPM [Rodrigo, C. P.; Muller, C. W.; Pillsbury, N.R.; James, W.H., III; Plusquellic, D.F.; Zwier, T.S.J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 164312] has assigned two conformers distinguished by the orientation of the in plane OH groups and has identified two excitonic origins in each conformer. In the present study, the rotationally resolved bands of all four states have been well-fit to asymmetric rotor Hamiltonians. For the lower exciton (S-1) levels, the transition dipole moment (TDM) orientations are perpendicular to the C-2 symmetry axes and consist of 41(2):59(2) and 34(2):66(2)% a:c hybrid-type character. The S-1 levels are therefore delocalized states of B symmetry and represent the antisymmetric combinations of the zero-order locally excited states of the p-cresol-like chromophores. The TDM polarizations of bands located at approximate to 132 cm(-1) above the S-1 origins are exclusively b-type and identify them as the upper exciton S-2 origin levels of A symmetry. The TDM orientations and the relative band strengths from the vibronic study have been analyzed within a dipole dipole coupling model in terms of the localized TDM orientations, mu(loc), on the two chromophores. The out plane angles of mu(loc) are both near 20 degrees and are similar to results for diphenylmethane [Stearns, J. A.; Pillsbury, N. R.; Douglass, K.O.; Muller, C. W.; Zwier, T. S.; Plusquellic, D. F. J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 129, 224305]. The in-plane angles are, however, rotated by 14 and 18 degrees relative to DPM and, in part, explain the smaller than expected exciton splittings of these two conformers.
C1 [Rodrigo, Chirantha P.; Mueller, Christian W.; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Chou, Shin Grace; Douglass, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Biophys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zwier, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM zwier@purdue.edu; david.plusquellic@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical
Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und
Forschung [BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159]
FX C.P.R and T.S.Z. gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of
Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences under Grant
No. DE-FG02-96ER14656. C.W.M. would like to thank the "Deutsche Akademie
der Naturforscher Leopoldina" for a postdoctoral scholarship (Grant No.
BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159 of the "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und
Forschung"). Certain equipment or software packages are identified in
this paper in order to specify the experimental and computational
procedures adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply
endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor is
it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are
necessarily the best available.
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 34
SI SI
BP 9643
EP 9652
DI 10.1021/jp200804t
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 810SC
UT WOS:000294146400037
PM 21639083
ER
PT J
AU Roscioli, JR
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Roscioli, Joseph R.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Quantum State Resolved Scattering from Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids:
The Role of Cation versus Anion Structure at the Interface
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID INCIDENT COLLISION ENERGY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; CO2 SCATTERING; GAS
SOLUBILITY; SALTY GLYCEROL; SURFACE; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE;
ATOMS
AB We present results on state-resolved scattering studies for seeded CO(2) supersonically cooled molecular beams (E(inc) = 61.9(40) kJ/mol) from a series of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). These RTILs are composed of C(n)-methylimidazolium cations with BF(4)(-) or Tf(2)N(-) counter-anions. The final rovibrational quantum state distributions from these nonequilibrium surface scattering collisions are monitored by high-resolution diode laser absorption spectroscopy as a function of (i) cation alkyl chain length and (ii) anion size, and analyzed to yield the propensity for thermal desorption (TD) versus impulsive scattering (IS) dynamics. For a fixed BF(4)(-) or Tf(2)N(-) counteranion, the distributions reveal an increase in the TD fraction (a) with the C atom number (n) in the alkyl side chain, which provides evidence for selective preference of nonpolar groups at the gas liquid interface with increasing chain length. Conversely, for short carbon chains (n = 4), the thermal fraction decreases when the anion is changed from a compact and less polarizable BF(4)(-) to the bulkier and more polarizable Tf(2)N(-), whereas any sensitivity to anion identity essentially vanishes for longer alkyl chains (n = 8, 12). These combined data illustrate a number of interesting trends in anion versus cation competition for interfacial sites, specifically (i) the presence of interfacial anions at the surface layer for sufficiently short alkyl headgroups, (ii) inertial "stiffening" due to increasing average surface mass, as well as (iii) a propensity for larger anion sizes in the interfacial region. Finally, the TD probabilities follow the exact opposite trend in "bulk" Henry's Law solubility constants with respect to anion size, which further highlights the intrinsically nonequilibrium dynamics sampled by hyperthermal collisions at the gas-liquid interface.
C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation
FX This work has been funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific
Research, with additional support for original construction of the laser
diode spectrometer from the National Science Foundation. We also would
like to acknowledge support and many helpful discussion with members of
the Center for Energetic Non-Equilibrium Chemistry at Interfaces.
Finally, both D.J.N. and J.R.R. would like to acknowledge David Pratt
for his many years of friendship, mentoring, and an ever-irrepressible
enthusiasm for science.
NR 49
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 34
SI SI
BP 9764
EP 9773
DI 10.1021/jp2033802
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 810SC
UT WOS:000294146400051
PM 21834511
ER
PT J
AU Oxford, GAE
Chaka, AM
AF Oxford, Gloria A. E.
Chaka, Anne M.
TI First-Principles Calculations of Clean, Oxidized, and Reduced beta-MnO2
Surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHROMIUM(III) OXIDATION; CR(III) OXIDATION;
MN-OXIDES; ARSENIC(III) OXIDATION; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; WATER
INTERFACE; RUTILE TIO2; GAMMA-MNOOH; MANGANESE
AB Stoichiometric and defective terminations of the beta-MnO2 (110), (100), and (101) surfaces are investigated as a function of oxygen partial pressure and temperature using ab initio thermodynamics. In agreement with studies on other rutile-type minerals, the (110) surface is predicted to be the most stable surface, followed by the (100) surface and then the (101) surface. The (110) and (101) surfaces are found to oxidize by formation of stable manganyl groups (Mn=O) at high oxygen chemical potentials, whereas the (100) surface is not likely to be oxidized under experimentally relevant conditions. All of the beta-MnO2 surfaces studied undergo reduction processes in UHV, resulting in many complicated structural changes. A number of the reduced surfaces exhibit new surface reconstructions not yet observed for any rutile-type mineral. Analysis of the dependence of manganese coordination geometry on oxidation state is carried out to facilitate understanding of the surface reconstructions. It is determined that the competition between optimizing d-orbital occupation and minimizing steric and repulsive electrostatic interactions drives the surface reconstructions observed for reduced beta-MnO2 surfaces. Symmetry-breaking at the surface allows for Jahn-Teller distortion of the reduced Mn-III coordination sphere for some surface reconstructions.
C1 [Oxford, Gloria A. E.; Chaka, Anne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Oxford, GAE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gloria.oxford@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU National Research Council
FX GAEO was supported by the National Research Council. This work utilized
high-performance computing resources of the Raritan cluster at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology and of the Arctic Region
Supercomputing Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The authors
thank Profs. Sara Mason and Tom Trainor and Drs. Peter Eng and Joanne
Stubbs for useful discussions.
NR 78
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 70
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 115
IS 34
BP 16992
EP 17008
DI 10.1021/jp2037137
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 810SF
UT WOS:000294146700034
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, XW
Li, YQ
Yang, S
Wu, RG
AF Jiang, Xingwen
Li, Yueqing
Yang, Song
Wu, Renguang
TI Interannual and interdecadal variations of the South Asian and western
Pacific subtropical highs and their relationships with Asian-Pacific
summer climate
SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; NORTH
PACIFIC; EL-NINO; MONSOON; ENSO; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTION;
PRECIPITATION; ANTICYCLONES
AB In this study, interdecadal and interannual variations of the South Asian high (SAH) and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), as well as their relationships with the summer climate over Asian and Pacific regions, are addressed. The variations of SAH and WPSH are objectively measured by the first singular value decomposition (SVD) mode of geopotential heights at the 100- and 500-hPa levels. The first SVD mode of summertime 100- and 500-hPa geopotential heights represents well the relationship between the variations of SAH and WPSH. Both SAH and WPSH exhibit large interannual variability and experienced an apparent long-term change in 1987. The WPSH intensifies and extends westward when SAH intensifies and extends eastward, and vice versa. The India-Burma trough weakens when WPSH intensifies. The changes in SAH and WPSH at various levels are linked to broad-scale increases in tropical tropospheric temperature and geopotential height. When SAH and WPSH strengthen, monsoon flow becomes weaker over eastern Asia. In the meantime, precipitation decreases over eastern South China Sea, Philippines, the Philippine Sea and northeastern Asia, but increases over China, Korea, Japan and the ocean domain east of Japan. Similar features are mostly found on both interdecadal and interannual timescales, but are more evident on interannual timescale.
C1 [Jiang, Xingwen; Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
[Jiang, Xingwen] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
RP Li, YQ (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, Peoples R China.
EM yueqingli@163.com
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU NSFC [40875060]; China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006053,
GYHY201006009]; Sichuan Meteorological Administration [2010-Young
Scholars-07]; Sichuan Province of China [2008NG0009]
FX The authors are thankful to the three anonymous reviewers whose
constructive comments have improved the overall quality of the paper.
This research was jointly supported by NSFC (40875060), China
Meteorological Administration (GYHY201006053, GYHY201006009), Sichuan
Meteorological Administration (2010-Young Scholars-07) and Sichuan
Province of China (2008NG0009).
NR 51
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 21
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7971
EI 1436-5065
J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS
JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 113
IS 3-4
BP 171
EP 180
DI 10.1007/s00703-011-0146-8
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 809NL
UT WOS:000294063900006
ER
PT J
AU Lyons, ET
DeLong, RL
Nadler, SA
Laake, JL
Orr, AJ
DeLong, BL
Pagan, C
AF Lyons, Eugene T.
DeLong, R. L.
Nadler, S. A.
Laake, J. L.
Orr, A. J.
DeLong, B. L.
Pagan, C.
TI Investigations of peritoneal and intestinal infections of adult
hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)
and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel
Island, California (2003)
SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE; PREVALENCE; NEMATODA; BIOLOGY
AB The peritoneal cavity (PNC) and intestine of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups that died in late July and early August, 2003, on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms. Prevalence and morphometric studies were done with the hookworms in addition to molecular characterization. Based on this and previous molecular studies, hookworms from fur seals are designated as Uncinaria lucasi and the species from sea lions as Uncinaria species A. Adult hookworms were found in the PNC of 35 of 57 (61.4%) fur seal pups and of 13 of 104 (12.5%) sea lion pups. The number of hookworms located in the PNC ranged from 1 to 33 (median = 3) for the infected fur seal pups and 1 to 16 (median = 2) for the infected sea lion pups. In addition to the PNC, intestines of 43 fur seal and 32 sea lion pups were examined. All of these pups were positive for adult hookworms. The worms were counted from all but one of the sea lion pups. Numbers of these parasites in the intestine varied from 3 to 2,344 (median = 931) for the fur seal pups and 39 to 2,766 (median = 643) for the sea lion pups. Sea lion pups with peritoneal infections had higher intensity infections in the intestines than did pups without peritoneal infections, lending some support for the hypothesis that peritoneal infections result from high-intensity infections of adult worms. There was no difference in intestinal infection intensities between fur seal pups with and without peritoneal infections. Female adult hookworms in the intestines of both host species were significantly larger than males, and sea lion hookworms were larger than those in fur seals. Worms in the intestine also were larger than worms found in the PNC. Gene sequencing and (RFLP) analysis of (PCR) amplified (ITS) ribosomal DNA were used to diagnose the species of 172 hookworms recovered from the PNC and intestine of 18 C. ursinus and seven Z. californianus hosts. These molecular data revealed that U. lucasi (hookworm of C. ursinus) and Uncinaria species A (of Z. californianus) infrequently mature in the intestine of the opposite host species in California rookeries. However, there is no support from molecular data for the hypothesis that cross-infection with "the wrong" Uncinaria species is a contributing factor in these cases of host peritonitis. The major significance of this research is the unusual finding of adult hookworms in the PNC of so many dead pups. No obvious explanation for this occurrence could be determined. Further research, like in the present study, should help understand and monitor the apparent ever changing role of hookworm disease in the health of northern fur seal and California sea lion pups on SMI.
C1 [Lyons, Eugene T.] Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
[DeLong, R. L.; Laake, J. L.; Orr, A. J.; DeLong, B. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Nadler, S. A.; Pagan, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nematol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Lyons, ET (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA.
EM elyons1@uky.edu
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0932-0113
J9 PARASITOL RES
JI Parasitol. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 109
IS 3
BP 581
EP 589
DI 10.1007/s00436-011-2289-4
PG 9
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 811PT
UT WOS:000294225700009
PM 21347520
ER
PT J
AU Sandu, A
Chai, TF
AF Sandu, Adrian
Chai, Tianfeng
TI Chemical Data Assimilation-An Overview
SO ATMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE chemical transport modeling; data assimilation; Kalman filter;
variational methods
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ADJOINT
SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; DYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT
FORMULATIONS; BOUND-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA
ASSIMILATION; SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; DISCRETE ADVECTION ADJOINTS;
CHEMISTRY-TRANSPORT MODEL
AB Chemical data assimilation is the process by which models use measurements to produce an optimal representation of the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Leveraging advances in algorithms and increases in the available computational power, the integration of numerical predictions and observations has started to play an important role in air quality modeling. This paper gives an overview of several methodologies used in chemical data assimilation. We discuss the Bayesian framework for developing data assimilation systems, the suboptimal and the ensemble Kalman filter approaches, the optimal interpolation (OI), and the three and four dimensional variational methods. Examples of assimilation real observations with CMAQ model are presented.
C1 [Sandu, Adrian] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Computat Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Chai, Tianfeng] NOAA, OAR, ARL, Silver Spring Metro Ctr 3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Sandu, A (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Computat Lab, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM Sandu@cs.vt.edu; Tianfeng.Chai@noaa.gov
RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010
OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641
FU NSF [NSF OCI-0904397, NSF CCF-0916493, NSF DMSipound0915047]
FX The work of A. Sandu has been supported in part by NSF through awards
NSF OCI-0904397, NSF CCF-0916493, NSF DMSi 0915047 pound.
NR 164
TC 33
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 17
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4433
J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL
JI Atmosphere
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 3
BP 426
EP 463
DI 10.3390/atmos2030426
PG 38
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA V29ES
UT WOS:000208732300011
ER
PT J
AU Lee, P
Ngan, F
AF Lee, Pius
Ngan, Fong
TI Coupling of Important Physical Processes in the Planetary Boundary Layer
between Meteorological and Chemistry Models for Regional to Continental
Scale Air Quality Forecasting: An Overview
SO ATMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE planetary boundary; turbulent mixing; air surface exchange; dry
deposition
AB A consensus among many Air Quality (AQ) modelers is that planetary boundary layer processes are the most influential processes for surface concentrations of air pollutants. Due to the many uncertainties intrinsically embedded in the parameterization of these processes, parameter optimization is often employed to determine an optimal set or range of values of the sensitive parameters. In this review study, we focus on the two of the most important physical processes: turbulent mixing and dry deposition. An emphasis was put on surveying AQ models that have been proven to resolve meso-scale features and cover a large geographical area, such as large regional, continental, or trans-continental boundary extents. Five AQ models were selected. Four of the models were run in real-time operational forecasting settings for continental scale AQ. The models use various forms of level 2.5 closure algorithms to calculate turbulent mixing. Tuning and parameter optimization has been used to tailor these algorithms to better suit their AQ models which are typically comprised of a coupled chemistry and meteorology model. Longer forecasts and long lead-times are inevitably under increasing demand for these models. Land Surface Models that have the capability for soil moisture and temperature data assimilation will have an advantage to constrain the key variables that govern the partitioning of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes and thus attain the potential to perform better in longer forecasts than those models that do not have this capability. Dry deposition velocity is a very significant model parameter that governs a major surface exchange activity. An exploratory study has been conducted to see the upper bound of roughness length in the similarity equation for aerodynamic resistance.
C1 [Lee, Pius; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA.
[Ngan, Fong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lee, P (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Highway Rm 3316,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA.
EM pius.lee@noaa.gov; Fantine.Ngan@noaa.gov
RI Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016
OI Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727;
NR 77
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4433
J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL
JI Atmosphere
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 3
BP 464
EP 483
DI 10.3390/atmos2030464
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA V29ES
UT WOS:000208732300012
ER
PT J
AU Kinziger, AP
Nakamoto, RJ
Anderson, EC
Harvey, BC
AF Kinziger, Andrew P.
Nakamoto, Rodney J.
Anderson, Eric C.
Harvey, Bret C.
TI Small founding number and low genetic diversity in an introduced species
exhibiting limited invasion success (speckled dace, Rhinichthys osculus)
SO ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bottleneck; exotic species; founder number; genetic diversity;
introduced species; source population; speckled dace (Rhinichthys
osculus)
ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI;
NORTH-AMERICA; PATTERNS; MARKERS; FISH; CYPRINIDAE; BOTTLENECK;
RESISTANCE
AB Molecular evaluations of successful invaders are common, however studies of introduced species that have had limited invasion success, or have died out completely, are rare. We studied an introduced population of speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus) from northern California, USA that has rapidly increased in abundance but remained restricted to a 25-km stretch of river since its introduction in the mid-1980s. Field and laboratory analyses indicate that invasion success of speckled dace is constrained by the combined effects of multiple predators. The role of bottleneck effects associated with the introduction has not been studied. We assayed variation in seven microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial DNA gene in the introduced population and nine putative source populations to identify the source population and evaluate bottleneck effects. The Trinity River system was supported as the source owing to its genetic similarity and geographic proximity to the introduced population. Consistent with a bottleneck, the introduced population exhibited reduced allelic and haplotype richness in comparison to source populations. Estimates of the genetically effective number of individuals founding the introduced population using nuclear coalescent analyses and a mitochondrial simulation procedure were highly concordant in suggesting that the initial colonizing group was comprised of about 10 individuals. A bottleneck effect in an exotic species exhibiting limited invasion success has rarely been documented and thus introduction of speckled dace represents an important model system for future investigation. Establishing a relationship between genetic diversity and factors limiting invasion success in this system (e. g., predator avoidance) will help determine the extent to which genetic diversity loss has constrained invasion success in speckled dace.
C1 [Kinziger, Andrew P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Nakamoto, Rodney J.; Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn Arcata, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Anderson, Eric C.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Kinziger, AP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
EM Andrew.Kinziger@Humboldt.edu
NR 51
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 33
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2045-7758
J9 ECOL EVOL
JI Ecol. Evol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 1
IS 1
BP 73
EP 84
DI 10.1002/ece3.8
PG 12
WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 055TE
UT WOS:000312439700008
PM 22393484
ER
PT J
AU Popovic, Z
Grossman, EN
AF Popovic, Zoya
Grossman, Erich N.
TI THz Metrology and Instrumentation
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black body radiation; detectors; network analysis; power; sources; THz
ID RADAR ABSORBING MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; MILLIMETER-WAVE;
MONOSTATIC REFLECTIVITY; GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER; 100 GHZ; SUBMILLIMETER;
DETECTORS; RADIOMETRY; ANTENNAS
AB This paper gives an overview of measurement techniques used in the THz region of the electromagnetic spectrum, from about 100 GHz to several THz. Currently available components necessary for THz metrology, such as sources, detectors and passives, are briefly described. A discussion of power measurements, vector network analysis and antenna measurements as well as the limitations of these measurements at THz frequencies is given. The paper concludes with a summary of available components and instrumentation for THz metrology at the time of writing.
C1 [Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Elect Comp & Energy Engn Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Popovic, Z (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Elect Comp & Energy Engn Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM zoya@col-orado.edu; grossman@boulder.nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Commerce; DARPA THz Electronics program
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce.; The
authors are grateful to J. Hesler, R. Weikle, R. Wylde, W. Deal, P. Goy,
C. Dietlein, and K. Vanhille for providing comments or unpublished
information regarding their components and instruments. The second
author is grateful to the DARPA THz Electronics program for support and
to all its participants, particularly B. Wallace and D. Williams, for
extensive discussions on THz metrology.
NR 105
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 5
U2 14
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-342X
J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN
JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 1
IS 1
SI SI
BP 133
EP 144
DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2159553
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA V28TJ
UT WOS:000208702800013
ER
PT J
AU O'Dea, DT
Ade, PAR
Amiri, M
Benton, SJ
Bock, JJ
Bond, JR
Bonetti, JA
Bryan, S
Burger, B
Chiang, HC
Clark, CN
Contaldi, CR
Crill, BP
Davis, G
Dore, O
Farhang, M
Filippini, JP
Fissel, LM
Fraisse, AA
Gandilo, NN
Golwala, S
Gudmundsson, JE
Hasselfield, M
Hilton, G
Holmes, W
Hristov, VV
Irwin, K
Jones, WC
Kuo, CL
MacTavish, CJ
Mason, PV
Montroy, TE
Morford, TA
Netterfield, CB
Rahlin, AS
Reintsema, C
Ruhl, JE
Runyan, MC
Schenker, MA
Shariff, JA
Soler, JD
Trangsrud, A
Tucker, C
Tucker, RS
Turner, AD
Wiebe, D
AF O'Dea, D. T.
Ade, P. A. R.
Amiri, M.
Benton, S. J.
Bock, J. J.
Bond, J. R.
Bonetti, J. A.
Bryan, S.
Burger, B.
Chiang, H. C.
Clark, C. N.
Contaldi, C. R.
Crill, B. P.
Davis, G.
Dore, O.
Farhang, M.
Filippini, J. P.
Fissel, L. M.
Fraisse, A. A.
Gandilo, N. N.
Golwala, S.
Gudmundsson, J. E.
Hasselfield, M.
Hilton, G.
Holmes, W.
Hristov, V. V.
Irwin, K.
Jones, W. C.
Kuo, C. L.
MacTavish, C. J.
Mason, P. V.
Montroy, T. E.
Morford, T. A.
Netterfield, C. B.
Rahlin, A. S.
Reintsema, C.
Ruhl, J. E.
Runyan, M. C.
Schenker, M. A.
Shariff, J. A.
Soler, J. D.
Trangsrud, A.
Tucker, C.
Tucker, R. S.
Turner, A. D.
Wiebe, D.
TI SPIDER OPTIMIZATION. II. OPTICAL, MAGNETIC, AND FOREGROUND EFFECTS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; gravitational
waves; methods: analytical; methods: data analysis; polarization
ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIMETRY; POLARIZATION
POWER SPECTRA; GALACTIC DUST EMISSION; 2003 FLIGHT; OBSERVATIONAL
CONSTRAINTS; STARLIGHT POLARIZATION; FIELD; BOOMERANG; TEMPERATURE
AB SPIDER is a balloon-borne instrument designed to map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with degree-scale resolution over a large fraction of the sky. SPIDER'S main goal is to measure the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves through their imprint on the polarization of the CMB if the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, is greater than 0.03. To achieve this goal, instrumental systematic errors must be controlled with unprecedented accuracy. Here, we build on previous work to use simulations of SPIDERobservations to examine the impact of several systematic effects that have been characterized through testing and modeling of various instrument components. In particular, we investigate the impact of the non-ideal spectral response of the half-wave plates, coupling between focal-plane components and Earth's magnetic field, and beam mismatches and asymmetries. We also present a model of diffuse polarized foreground emission based on a three-dimensional model of the Galactic magnetic field and dust, and study the interaction of this foreground emission with our observation strategy and instrumental effects. We find that the expected level of foreground and systematic contamination is sufficiently low for Spider to achieve its science goals.
C1 [O'Dea, D. T.; Clark, C. N.; Contaldi, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England.
[Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
[Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Davis, G.; Hasselfield, M.; Wiebe, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
[Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S.; Hristov, V. V.; Mason, P. V.; Morford, T. A.; Runyan, M. C.; Schenker, M. A.; Trangsrud, A.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Holmes, W.; Turner, A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Bond, J. R.; Farhang, M.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
[Bryan, S.; Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Chiang, H. C.; Fraisse, A. A.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Jones, W. C.; Rahlin, A. S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Farhang, M.; Fissel, L. M.; Gandilo, N. N.; Netterfield, C. B.; Shariff, J. A.; Soler, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
[Kuo, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England.
RP O'Dea, DT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England.
OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918
FU STFC [PP/E002129]; NASA [NNX07AL64G]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
FX D.T.O. acknowledges support from STFC under the standard grant scheme
(PP/E002129). The Spider project is supported by NASA award NNX07AL64G.
W.C.J. acknowledges the support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Some
of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPIX package
(Gorski et al. 2005) as well as the FFTW package (Frigo & Johnson 2005).
NR 60
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD SEP 1
PY 2011
VL 738
IS 1
AR 63
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/63
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 808XO
UT WOS:000294015500063
ER
PT J
AU Wiley, DN
Thompson, M
Pace, RM
Levenson, J
AF Wiley, David N.
Thompson, Michael
Pace, Richard M., III
Levenson, Jake
TI Modeling speed restrictions to mitigate lethal collisions between ships
and whales in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, USA
SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Endangered whale; Ship strike; Lethal risk reduction; Speed restriction;
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Marine reserve
ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; ENDANGERED WHALES; RISK; PROBABILITY; HUMPBACK;
STRIKES; FIN
AB Collision with ships is a significant cause of mortality among endangered whales. Collision lethality increases with vessel speed and mitigation includes slowing ships in whale dense areas. The 2181 km(2) Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) is a site of numerous whale/ship collisions. To understand how speed reduction measures reduce lethal collisions, we used GIS to apply hypothetical speed reductions to observed ship traffic within SBNMS. During 2006, we collected complete AIS data from SBNMS vessel traffic. We created 1.85 km(2) (N = 810) grid cells covering SBNMS and determined each cell's predicted probability of lethality (PLETH) from the cell's mean speed and a mortality curve. We calculated average PLETH for the entire sanctuary (SPLETH), and used SPLETH to index status quo risk. We applied speed limits of 16, 14, 12, and 10 knots on transits and recalculated SPLETH for each scenario. Our analysis included 2,079,867 AIS points to derive 74,638 cell transits by 502 ships (>295 t). Sanctuary mean ship speed, by cell transit, was 13.5 knots (SD4.3, range 0.1-42.2). The choice of speed restriction had a major impact on SPLETH: 16 knots = -3.7%, 14 knots -11%, 12 knots = -29.4%, 10 knots = -56.7%. The conservation benefit of speed restrictions is influenced by the status quo speed of ships from which risk must be reduced. As most areas lack such data our results can provide managers with a better understanding of how speed restrictions might reduce risk in their waters. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Wiley, David N.; Thompson, Michael] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
[Pace, Richard M., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Levenson, Jake] Int Fund Anim Welf, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675 USA.
RP Wiley, DN (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
EM David.Wiley@noaa.gov; Michael.A.Thompson@-noaa.gov;
Richard.Pace@noaa.gov; jlevenson@ifaw.org
FU NOAA's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries and National Marine
Fisheries Service/Northeast Regional Office
FX We thank Craig MacDonald and Patrick Ramage for support. Funding was
provided by the International Fund for Animal Welfare, NOAA's Office of
National Marine Sanctuaries and National Marine Fisheries
Service/Northeast Regional Office.
NR 32
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 7
U2 41
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0006-3207
J9 BIOL CONSERV
JI Biol. Conserv.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 144
IS 9
BP 2377
EP 2381
DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.05.007
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 809DB
UT WOS:000294030900030
ER
PT J
AU Chiang, MYM
Giuseppetti, AAM
Qian, J
Dunkers, JP
Antonucci, JM
Schumacher, GE
Gibson, SL
AF Chiang, Martin Y. M.
Giuseppetti, Anthony A. M.
Qian, Jing
Dunkers, Joy P.
Antonucci, Joseph M.
Schumacher, Gary E.
Gibson, Sheng-Lin
TI Analyses of a cantilever-beam based instrument for evaluating the
development of polymerization stresses
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Polymerization shrinkage; Stress, Tensometer; Cantilever beam; Dental
composites
ID SHRINKAGE-STRESS; RESIN-COMPOSITES
AB Objective. This investigation was to generate (1) guidelines for designing a tensometer that satisfies the necessary accuracy and sensitivity requirements for measuring polymerization stress (PS), and (2) a formula for calculating PS. Polymerization stress remains one of the most critical properties of polymeric dental materials, yet methods that can accurately quantify PS have been limited in part due to the complexity of polymerization, and in part due to the instrumentation itself.
Method. In this study, we performed analytical and finite element analyses on a cantilever-beam based tensometer that is used to evaluate shrinkage stresses during the polymerization of dental restorative composites.
Results. The PS generated by a commercial dental composite determined using our new tensometer agrees with the predicted trend when the beam length and/or specimen height is varied.
Significance. This work demonstrates the importance of beam dimension and component relative rigidity to the accuracy of PS evaluation. An analytical solution is also derived for the vertical beam deflection, which can be used for any combination of bending and shearing to properly calculate the PS. In addition, an easy-to-conduct calibration procedure is provided that is desirable for periodic tensometer recalibration. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials.
C1 [Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Qian, Jing; Dunkers, Joy P.; Antonucci, Joseph M.; Gibson, Sheng-Lin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Giuseppetti, Anthony A. M.; Schumacher, Gary E.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM martin.chiang@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
[Y1-DE-7005-01]; NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]
FX We would like to thank Dr. Nancy Lin for her valuable suggestions.
Financial support was provided through an Interagency Agreement between
the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and
NIST (Y1-DE-7005-01). Official contribution of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States.
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PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 9
BP 899
EP 905
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2011.05.006
PG 7
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 803HA
UT WOS:000293571200006
PM 21714998
ER
PT J
AU Speicher, MS
DesRoches, R
Leon, RT
AF Speicher, Matthew S.
DesRoches, Reginald
Leon, Roberto T.
TI Experimental results of a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA)-based
recentering beam-column connection
SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
LA English
DT Article
DE SMA; NiTi; Nitinol; Beam-column; Connection; Recentering; Cyclic
testing; Partially restrained
ID POSTTENSIONED STEEL CONNECTIONS; SEISMIC APPLICATIONS; FRAMES; BEHAVIOR;
TESTS; BARS
AB A half-scale interior beam-column connection incorporating superelastic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (SMA) tendons was designed, fabricated, and tested to assess the feasibility of such a connection in a moment-resisting frame. This connection was compared to three other connections utilizing tendons made of steel, martensitic nickel-titanium, and superelastic nickel-titanium paralleled with aluminum. The connections with steel and martensitic nickel-titanium tendons rapidly lost their stiffness after being cycled beyond their elastic drift levels. The two tests with the superelastic nickel-titanium tendons showed significant recentering capabilities; they recovered a large portion of the post-elastic drift and showed promise for a material-based recentering moment connection. This novel connection was intended as a proof of concept that can be further developed in terms of practicality, ease of installation, and cost. Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Speicher, Matthew S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[DesRoches, Reginald; Leon, Roberto T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Speicher, MS (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM matthew.speicher@nist.gov; reginald.desroches@ce.gatech.edu;
roberto.leon@ce.gatech.edu
RI DesRoches, Reginald /F-5875-2011
FU National Science Foundation [0093868]
FX This study has been supported, in part, by the National Science
Foundation under grant 0093868. The authors wish to thank Dr. Darel
Hodgson of Nitinol Technology, Inc., who provided valuable advice on the
NiTi thermomechanical heat treatment.
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PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0141-0296
J9 ENG STRUCT
JI Eng. Struct.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 33
IS 9
BP 2448
EP 2457
DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.04.018
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA 807BW
UT WOS:000293869400003
ER
PT J
AU Wilson, MT
Mier, KL
Dougherty, A
AF Wilson, Matthew T.
Mier, Kathryn L.
Dougherty, Annette
TI The first annulus of otoliths: a tool for studying intra-annual growth
of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE Juvenile; Growing season; Nursery
ID GULF-OF-ALASKA; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WESTERN GULF;
CLIMATE; SIZE; TEMPERATURE; RECRUITMENT; MORTALITY; ABUNDANCE
AB We quantified the growing season of yearling walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and related it to annual cycles of water temperature and day length. The study was restricted to members of the 2000 year class and thereby controlled for inter-annual variability. Juveniles were sampled from the year class during 10 cruises in the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Fifty percent of juveniles exhibited an annulus on 16 March 2001 (+/- 11 days 95% confidence interval). No regional difference was detected in the timing of annulus formation or in post-annulus growth trajectories. A model, derived from growth trajectories, estimated that the growing season lasted 204 days (22 March to 13 October 2001) and that growth rate peaked at 0.59 mm day(-1) on 2 July 2001. Growth rate increased with day length and water temperature during spring and decreased in late summer possibly due to thermal stress. Secondarily, we explored the utility of otolith size at the first annulus as a natural tag to identify nursery area, but this potential was curtailed by overlap in length among regions. Our results indicate that the first annulus can be used to advance our understanding of climate forcing on marine fish growth by providing fine temporal resolution of the growing season.
C1 [Wilson, Matthew T.; Mier, Kathryn L.; Dougherty, Annette] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Wilson, MT (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM matt.wilson@noaa.gov
FU Sea Lion Research Initiative [02FF-04]; NPRB [R0308]; NOAA
FX We thank L. L. Britt, E. S. Brown, M. S. Busby, W. C. Flerx, M. A.
Guttormsen, C. M. Jump, D. G. Kachel, M. H. Martin, D. G. Nichol, J. W.
Orr, N. W. Raring, P. G. von Szalay, M. E. Wilkins, C. D. Wilson and all
cruise personnel from the NOAA ship Miller Freeman, F/V Sea Storm, F/V
Ocean Harvester, F/V Morning Star, and F/V Vesteraalen involved in the
collection of samples and data. M. Guttormsen, S. Kotwicki, R. Lauth,
and N. Williamson extracted the necessary sample information from
databases. K. M. Bailey provided initial guidance that helped define our
objectives. M. Busby kindly helped with setting up the image analysis
system. Consultations with D. Anderl, and D. Kimura were greatly
appreciated. J. Short provided access to the AFSC otolith collections.
We also thank S. J. Picquelle for statistical assistance. Comments from
K. M. Bailey, J. Duffy-Anderson, J. M. Napp, S. J. Picquelle, M.
Wilhelm, the AFSC Publications Unit, and three anonymous reviewers
improved the manuscript. This research is contribution EcoFOCI-x0765 to
NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations,
and North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) Publication No. 293. It was
supported by the Sea Lion Research Initiative (Grant No. 02FF-04), the
NPRB (Grant No. R0308), and NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and
Ecosystem Productivity Program.
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 92
IS 1
BP 53
EP 63
DI 10.1007/s10641-011-9815-1
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 808DX
UT WOS:000293958000005
ER
PT J
AU Washburn, T
Sanger, D
AF Washburn, Travis
Sanger, Denise
TI Land use effects on macrobenthic communities in southeastern United
States tidal creeks
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Tidal creek; Impervious cover; Macrobenthic; Development; Oligochaeta;
Polychaeta
ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA;
FRESH-WATER; HABITAT QUALITY; OLIGOCHAETA; RESPONSES; ECOLOGY;
URBANIZATION; TUBIFICIDAE
AB Runoff from impervious land cover has a major impact on headwater tidal creek ecosystems resulting from ever increasing development along the coastline. Tidal creek habitats can serve as "early warning systems" for anthropogenic stressors due to their proximity to the uplands. In this study, the macrobenthic community was sampled along the longitudinal gradient of tidal creeks (i.e., first order, second order, and third order) in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia which varied in their levels of watershed development (salt marsh, forested, suburban, and urban). This study was designed to assess the condition of macrobenthic communities in tidal creek ecosystems under varying levels of anthropogenic stressors and test whether the conclusions of a previous study in South Carolina (Holland et al., J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 298:151-178, 2004) could be generalized to the southeastern USA. Metrics of community-level and species-specific response within tidal creeks draining watersheds of varying degrees of impervious cover suggest the macrobenthic community may be a useful indicator of development in tidal creeks ecosystems. The differences observed when data from all three states were pooled was consistent with previous findings in South Carolina tidal creeks which illustrates that macrobenthic communities in tidal creeks may react to watershed development in similar patterns along the southeastern coast of the USA.
C1 [Sanger, Denise] S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29401 USA.
[Sanger, Denise] Hollings Marine Lab, Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Charleston, SC 29401 USA.
[Washburn, Travis] Coll Charleston, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Sanger, D (reprint author), S Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, 287 Meeting St, Charleston, SC 29401 USA.
EM Travis.Washburn@noaa.gov; Denise.Sanger@scseagrant.org
FU Ecological Research, Assessment and Prediction group (ERAP) at Hollings
Marine Laboratory; Grice Marine Laboratory at the College of Charleston;
NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative; SC Sea Grant Consortium through
NOAA Hollings Marine Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the Ecological Research, Assessment and
Prediction group (ERAP) at Hollings Marine Laboratory. Support was also
provided by the Grice Marine Laboratory at the College of Charleston,
and this is contribution number 359. I would like to thank my advisor,
thesis committee and everyone who helped at my time at Grice. Valuable
input was also provided by several anonymous reviewers. This work was
funded in part by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative and SC Sea
Grant Consortium through a grant from NOAA Hollings Marine Laboratory.
The National Ocean Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse
any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication.
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PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6369
J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS
JI Environ. Monit. Assess.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 180
IS 1-4
BP 177
EP 188
DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1780-1
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 801BA
UT WOS:000293410200013
PM 21125422
ER
PT J
AU Fabian, K
Miyajima, N
Robinson, P
McEnroe, SA
Ballaran, TB
Burton, BP
AF Fabian, Karl
Miyajima, Nobuyoshi
Robinson, Peter
McEnroe, Suzanne A.
Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa
Burton, Benjamin P.
TI Chemical and magnetic properties of rapidly cooled metastable
ferri-ilmenite solid solutions: implications for magnetic self-reversal
and exchange bias-I. Fe-Ti order transition in quenched synthetic
ilmenite 61
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetic mineralogy and petrology; Rock and mineral magnetism;
Microstructures; Phase transitions
ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; THERMOREMANENT MAGNETIZATION; LAMELLAR MAGNETISM;
ROCK MAGNETISM; HEMATITE; SYSTEM; DISORDER; THERMODYNAMICS;
TRANSFORMATION; ANISOTROPY
AB Quenched ferri-ilmenite solid solutions X FeTiO(3) + (1 - X) Fe(2)O(3) with X approximate to 0.60 contain chemical and magnetic structures important for understanding the unusual magnetic properties in this series, including self-reversal in igneous rocks and exchange bias. Here we study a composition X = 0.61, annealed at 1055 degrees C, above the Fe-Ti ordering temperature, then quenched. Presence of two interface-coupled phases is established by pot-bellied character of the room-temperature magnetic hysteresis loop, and large negative magnetic exchange bias below 30K. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) dark-field imaging with the 003 reflection shows dominant Fe-Ti disordered antiferromagnetic and lesser ordered ferrimagnetic phases, the latter in lenses <= 8 nm thick. Parts of the ordered phase are in antiphase relationship, shown by high-resolution TEM imaging of Fe-rich and Ti-rich layers. TEM-EDX analyses indicate chemical phase separation during quench, with dominant compositions X = 0.56-0.63, extremes 0.50 and 0.70. Thermomagnetic experiments indicate compositions X = 0.56-0.61 are antiferromagnetic, X = 0.61-0.64 are ferrimagnetic.
A sample held similar to 5 min at 1063 K, increased in order, demonstrated by twofold increase in induced moment at 1 T. This then acquired self-reversed thermoremanent magnetization between 490 and 440 K. Progressive annealings of another sample at 773 K, 973 K, 1023K and 1063 K, followed by cooling in a 1 T field, produced positive room-temperature magnetic exchange bias, only for 1023K and 1063K runs. These properties suggest growth of ordered regions from disordered regions, and expansion of some ordered domains against others across antiphase boundaries, thus creating self-organized structures essential for magnetic self-reversal and magnetic exchange bias.
C1 [Fabian, Karl; Robinson, Peter; McEnroe, Suzanne A.] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
[Miyajima, Nobuyoshi; Robinson, Peter; McEnroe, Suzanne A.; Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
[Burton, Benjamin P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
RP Fabian, K (reprint author), Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
EM peter.robinson@ngu.no
OI mcenroe, suzanne/0000-0002-0011-6156
FU Research Council of Norway in the EU [189721]; NSF; EU
FX This research was supported by grant 189721 from the Research Council of
Norway (Nanomat Program) in the EU Matera Program, and visiting
fellowships to the Institute of Rock Magnetism, which is supported by an
NSF Instruments and Facilities Grant. Major manuscript preparation took
place while PR and SAM were resident at BGI, Bayreuth, where SAM held an
EU Marie Curie Fellowship. The manuscript was greatly improved by
comments and suggestions from Mark Dekkers, France Lagroix and Natalie
Huls of NIST. To each of these persons and institutions we extend our
grateful acknowledgment.
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 186
IS 3
BP 997
EP 1014
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05109.x
PG 18
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 808SF
UT WOS:000293998000008
ER
PT J
AU Andreatta, S
Nash, B
Martin, GB
AF Andreatta, Susan
Nash, Barry
Martin, Gretchen Bath
TI Carteret Catch (TM): Raising Awareness of Local Seafood through
Community and Business Partnerships
SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE social marketing; community partnerships; local seafood; Community
Supported Fisheries; branding
ID NORTH-CAROLINA; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT
AB This paper describes two applied research projects that are ongoing. Specifically, we provide the background for establishing a seafood brand and consumer education program, known as Carteret Catch (TM) and for creating Community Supported Fisheries (CSFs), a direct marketing arrangement for seafood, first piloted in Carteret County, North Carolina. A social marketing approach was used to facilitate the partnerships and the behavioral changes among fishermen, seafood retailers, restaurant chefs, and the public. These projects have the potential to sustain local fishing communities and the commercial fishing industry and serve as models for other fishing communities in the United States and abroad.
C1 [Andreatta, Susan] Univ N Carolina, Dept Anthropol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA.
[Nash, Barry] N Carolina Sea Grant, Morehead, KY USA.
[Martin, Gretchen Bath] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC USA.
RP Andreatta, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Anthropol, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA.
EM s_andrea@uncg.edu; barry_nash@ncsu.edu; Gretchen.Bath.Martin@noaa.gov
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U2 9
PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
PI OKLAHOMA CITY
PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA
SN 0018-7259
J9 HUM ORGAN
JI Hum. Organ.
PD FAL
PY 2011
VL 70
IS 3
BP 279
EP 288
PG 10
WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 809IA
UT WOS:000294043800007
ER
PT J
AU Carey, MP
Wahl, DH
AF Carey, Michael P.
Wahl, David H.
TI Determining the mechanism by which fish diversity influences production
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Fish diversity; Resource complementarity; Selection effect;
Environmental complexity
ID ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; FRESH-WATER; BIODIVERSITY
EXPERIMENTS; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; AQUATIC SYSTEMS;
FOOD-CHAIN; COMPLEMENTARITY; CONSEQUENCES
AB Understanding the ability of biodiversity to govern ecosystem function is essential with current pressures on natural communities from species invasions and extirpations. Changes in fish communities can be a major determinant of food web dynamics, and even small shifts in species composition or richness can translate into large effects on ecosystems. In addition, there is a large information gap in extrapolating results of small-scale biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments to natural systems with realistic environmental complexity. Thus, we tested the key mechanisms (resource complementarity and selection effect) for biodiversity to influence fish production in mesocosms and ponds. Fish diversity treatments were created by replicating species richness and species composition within each richness level. In mesocosms, increasing richness had a positive effect on fish biomass with an overyielding pattern indicating species mixtures were more productive than any individual species. Additive partitioning confirmed a positive net effect of biodiversity driven by a complementarity effect. Productivity was less affected by species diversity when species were more similar. Thus, the primary mechanism driving fish production in the mesocosms was resource complementarity. In the ponds, the mechanism driving fish production changed through time. The key mechanism was initially resource complementarity until production was influenced by the selection effect. Varying strength of intraspecific interactions resulting from differences in resource levels and heterogeneity likely caused differences in mechanisms between the mesocosm and pond experiments, as well as changes through time in the ponds. Understanding the mechanisms by which fish diversity governs ecosystem function and how environmental complexity and resource levels alter these relationships can be used to improve predictions for natural systems.
C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Michael.P.Carey@noaa.gov
RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608256]; National Academy of Sciences
FX We thank the staff at the Kaskaskia and Sam Parr Biological Stations,
Illinois Natural History Survey, especially K. Schnake, P. Port, L.
Freeman, J. Godbout, M. Nannini, L. Einfalt, and M. Diana for help in
the field. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant DEB-0608256 and a Grant-In-Aid
of Research from the National Academy of Sciences, administered by Sigma
Xi, The Scientific Research Society. The Logan Hollow Fish Farm and
Murphysboro Fish Farm, Murphysboro, IL; Pana Bait Company, Pana, IL; and
the Jake Wolfe Memorial Fish Hatchery, Illinois Department of Natural
Resources, Manito, Illinois provided fish. All procedures conformed to
the University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
and comply with the current laws of the U. S. Reviews by C. Deboom, C.
Caceres, J. Brawn, and K. Paige substantially improved the manuscript.
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PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 167
IS 1
BP 189
EP 198
DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1967-3
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 807QE
UT WOS:000293914000019
PM 21442278
ER
PT J
AU Conway-Cranos, LL
Doak, DF
AF Conway-Cranos, Letitia L.
Doak, Daniel F.
TI Sampling errors create bias in Markov models for community dynamics: the
problem and a method for its solution
SO OECOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Succession; Sampling error; Markov; Intertidal; Transition probabilities
ID SUCCESSION
AB Repeated, spatially explicit sampling is widely used to characterize the dynamics of sessile communities in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, yet our understanding of the consequences of errors made in such sampling is limited. In particular, when Markov transition probabilities are calculated by tracking individual points over time, misidentification of the same spatial locations will result in biased estimates of transition probabilities, successional rates, and community trajectories. Nonetheless, to date, all published studies that use such data have implicitly assumed that resampling occurs without error when making estimates of transition rates. Here, we develop and test a straightforward maximum likelihood approach, based on simple field estimates of resampling errors, to arrive at corrected estimates of transition rates between species in a rocky intertidal community. We compare community Markov models based on raw and corrected transition estimates using data from Endocladia muricata-dominated plots in a California intertidal assemblage, finding that uncorrected predictions of succession consistently overestimate recovery time. We tested the precision and accuracy of the approach using simulated datasets and found good performance of our estimation method over a range of realistic sample sizes and error rates.
C1 [Conway-Cranos, Letitia L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Conway-Cranos, Letitia L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Doak, Daniel F.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
RP Conway-Cranos, LL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Tish.Conway-Cranos@noaa.gov
FU Minerals Management Service; National Science Foundation [DEB 0808012,
DEB-0717049, -0519004]
FX We thank P. Raimondi for his input into the design of the community
recovery experiment and for his comments and thoughts throughout this
study. We are also grateful to the many field assistants who helped
gather the data to parameterize our transition matrices including M.
Bond, H. Hayford, C. Bell, L. Anderson and L. Reeve and to E. Saarman
for her GIS wizardry. This manuscript benefited from insight and editing
from P. Raimondi, S. Murray, I. Parker, J. Pearse, S. Diehl, and an
anonymous reviewer. Our analyses and presentation were immeasurably
aided by M. Spencer, who wrote the single most helpful review of any
manuscript that either author has ever received. Funding was provided by
the Minerals Management Service and by National Science Foundation
dissertation improvement grant DEB 0808012 to LLCC and NSF DEB-0717049
and -0519004 to DFD.
NR 11
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U1 3
U2 15
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0029-8549
J9 OECOLOGIA
JI Oecologia
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 167
IS 1
BP 199
EP 207
DI 10.1007/s00442-011-1979-z
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 807QE
UT WOS:000293914000020
PM 21479593
ER
PT J
AU France, K
Linsky, JL
Yang, H
Stocke, JT
Froning, CS
AF France, Kevin
Linsky, Jeffrey L.
Yang, Hao
Stocke, John T.
Froning, Cynthia S.
TI HST-COS observations of the transiting extrasolar planetary system HD
209458b
SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Extrasolar planets
ID UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; EXOPLANET HD-209458B; HOT JUPITERS; SPECTRUM;
TELESCOPE; HD209458B; 189733B; CARBON; H-2; FLUORESCENCE
AB We summarize results from deep spectroscopic observations of the HD 209458 planetary system, carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. Orbitally resolved observations are used to show that hot gas emission lines, arising only in the stellar atmosphere, are not variable, while lower ionizations species found in the upper atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b absorb stellar photons during transit. For both C II and Si III, we find mean transit attenuation of similar to 8%. The firm detection of silicon is in direct conflict with previous low-resolution studies, which we attribute to long-term variability in the system. We also use these observations to search for auroral emission from the planet, detecting a statistically significant emission feature at 1582 that is consistent with H-2 photoexcited by stellar O I photons.
C1 [France, Kevin; Stocke, John T.; Froning, Cynthia S.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Yang, Hao] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP France, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM kevin.france@colorado.edu
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0004-640X
EI 1572-946X
J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI
JI Astrophys. Space Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 335
IS 1
BP 25
EP 32
DI 10.1007/s10509-011-0611-3
PG 8
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 804CP
UT WOS:000293631900004
ER
PT J
AU Linsky, JL
AF Linsky, Jeffrey L.
TI Understanding physical processes in the diffuse ISM using
high-resolution UV spectroscopy
SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Interstellar medium; UV spectroscopy
ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; X-RAY-EMISSION; SOLAR-WIND; CHARGE-TRANSFER;
FINE-STRUCTURE; GAS; BUBBLE; ORIGIN; CLOUD; SIMULATIONS
AB Our understanding of the important physical processes operating in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) has advanced in recent years from the analysis of high-resolution ultraviolet (UV) spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Far-Ultraviolet Spectrograph Explorer (FUSE) and from high-fidelity simulations of the kinematics and energetics of the ISM. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned from observations with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument on HST and spectrographs on the World Space Observatory (WSO). I will describe several major unanswered questions and suggest how future UV observations can answer these questions. I will also summarize the instrument requirements needed for a future UV spectroscopic mission and recommend how to achieve a successful mission.
C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu
FU NASA; Space Telescope Science Institute
FX I would like to thank Prof. Boris Shustov and the other members of the
Scientific Organizing Committee for providing this opportunity to
discuss the future of ultraviolet astronomy in beautiful St. Petersburg,
Russia. I also thank NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute for
their support of this work through grants to the University of Colorado.
NR 35
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0004-640X
J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI
JI Astrophys. Space Sci.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 335
IS 1
BP 177
EP 185
DI 10.1007/s10509-011-0657-2
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 804CP
UT WOS:000293631900025
ER
PT J
AU Kitching, J
Knappe, S
Donley, EA
AF Kitching, John
Knappe, Svenja
Donley, Elizabeth A.
TI Atomic Sensors - A Review
SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
LA English
DT Review
DE Atomic spectroscopy; inertial sensor; magnetometry
ID MICROFABRICATED VAPOR CELL; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GRAVITATIONAL
ACCELERATION; INTERFEROMETER GYROSCOPE; FREQUENCY STANDARD; INERTIAL
SENSORS; MAGNETOMETER; FOUNTAIN; LIGHT; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We discuss the basic physics and instrumentation issues related to high-performance physical and inertial sensors based on atomic spectroscopy. Recent work on atomic magnetometers, NMR gyroscopes, and atom interferometers is reviewed, with a focus on precision sensing of electromagnetic and gravitational fields and inertial motion. Atomic sensors have growing relevance to many facets of modern science and technology, from understanding the human brain to enabling precision navigation of moving platforms.
C1 [Kitching, John; Knappe, Svenja; Donley, Elizabeth A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Knappe, Svenja] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Kitching, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM john.kitching@nist.gov; svenja.knappe@nist.gov;
eliza-beth.donley@nist.gov
OI Kitching, John/0000-0002-4540-1954
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
FX This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA). The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and
approving it for publication was Dr. John Vig.
NR 113
TC 46
Z9 50
U1 6
U2 101
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1530-437X
J9 IEEE SENS J
JI IEEE Sens. J.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 9
BP 1749
EP 1758
DI 10.1109/JSEN.2011.2157679
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 805FB
UT WOS:000293710700001
ER
PT J
AU Tantra, R
Jing, SH
Pichaimuthu, SK
Walker, N
Noble, J
Hackley, VA
AF Tantra, Ratna
Jing, Shingheng
Pichaimuthu, Sivaraman K.
Walker, Nicholas
Noble, James
Hackley, Vincent A.
TI Dispersion stability of nanoparticles in ecotoxicological
investigations: the need for adequate measurement tools
SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanoparticles; Dispersions; Nanomaterial characterisation;
Nanometrology; Environmental and health effects
ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; TRACKING ANALYSIS; SAFETY EVALUATION;
PARTICLE-SIZE; ENVIRONMENT
AB One of the main challenges in nanoecotoxicological investigations is in the selection of the most suitable measurement methods and protocols for nanoparticle characterisation. Several parameters have been identified as being important as they govern nanotoxicological activity, with some parameters being better defined than others. For example, as a parameter, there is some ambiguity as to how to measure dispersion stability in the context of ecotoxicological investigations; indeed, there is disagreement over which are the best methods to measure nanoparticle dispersion stability. The purpose of this article is to use various commercially available tools to measure dispersion stability and to understand the information given by each tool. In this study, CeO(2) was dispersed in two different types of media: de-ionised water and electrolyte-containing fish medium. The DLS mean particle size of freshly dispersed sample in DI water was similar to 200 nm in diameter. A visual sedimentation experiment showed that nanoparticle dispersion made in the fish medium was less stable compared to corresponding dispersion in de-ionised water. Stability of these dispersions was monitored using various techniques, for a period of 3 days. Our findings have shown that dispersion stability can be suitably assessed by monitoring: (a) surface charge, (b) sedimentation events and (c) presence of agglomerates, through time. The majority of techniques employed here (zeta potential, particle size via DLS, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM) were shown to provide useful, complementary information on dispersion stability. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) provides useful, quantitative information on the concentration of nanoparticles in suspension, but is limited by its inability to accurately track the motion of large agglomerates found in the fish medium.
C1 [Tantra, Ratna; Jing, Shingheng; Pichaimuthu, Sivaraman K.; Noble, James] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Walker, Nicholas] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, England.
[Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tantra, R (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
EM ratna.tantra@npl.co.uk
OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724
NR 22
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 5
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1388-0764
J9 J NANOPART RES
JI J. Nanopart. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 9
BP 3765
EP 3780
DI 10.1007/s11051-011-0298-y
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 806AQ
UT WOS:000293773700018
ER
PT J
AU Oliver, J
Hammerstrom, K
McPhee-Shaw, E
Slattery, P
Oakden, J
Kim, S
Hartwell, SI
AF Oliver, John
Hammerstrom, Kamille
McPhee-Shaw, Erika
Slattery, Peter
Oakden, James
Kim, Stacy
Hartwell, S. Ian
TI High species density patterns in macrofaunal invertebrate communities in
the marine benthos
SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article
DE Diversity; dominance; infauna; marine benthos; species density;
species-area relationships
ID DEEP-SEA MACROBENTHOS; MONTEREY BAY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA;
CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; OXYGEN-MINIMUM; CURRENT SYSTEM; DIVERSITY; COASTAL;
SLOPE; RICHNESS
AB Species density of macrofaunal invertebrates living in marine soft sediments was highest at the shelf-slope break (100-150 m) in Monterey Bay (449 m(-2)). There were 337 species m(-2) in the mid-shelf mud zone (80 m). There were fewer species along the slope: 205 m(-2) from the lower slope (950-2000 m) and 335 m(-2) on the upper slope (250-750 m). Species density was highest inside the bay (328-446 m(-2)) compared to outside (336-339 m(-2)), when examining samples at selected water depths (60-1000 m). There was little difference in local species density from 1 km of shoreline compared to regional species density along 1000 km of shoreline at both shelf and slope depths. The highest species densities worldwide in the literature are recorded along the Carolina slope in the Atlantic Ocean, where peak species density (436/0.81 m(2)) at 800 m and values at the largest sample areas are similar to those on the Monterey Bay shelf. We speculate that the highest species densities occur where ocean water exchanges energy with shoaling topography at the continental margin, bringing more food to the benthos - areas such as the very productive waters in the upwelling system of Monterey Bay.
C1 [Oliver, John; Hammerstrom, Kamille; McPhee-Shaw, Erika; Slattery, Peter; Oakden, James; Kim, Stacy] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Hartwell, S. Ian] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Hammerstrom, K (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
EM khammerstrom@mlml.calstate.edu
NR 56
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0173-9565
J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP
JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 3
BP 278
EP 288
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00461.x
PG 11
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 803DD
UT WOS:000293560400004
ER
PT J
AU Currin, CA
Levin, LA
Talley, TS
Michener, R
Talley, D
AF Currin, Carolyn A.
Levin, Lisa A.
Talley, Theresa S.
Michener, Robert
Talley, Drew
TI The role of cyanobacteria in Southern California salt marsh food webs
SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article
DE Cyanobacteria; food webs; macrofauna; mixing models; salt marsh; stable
isotopes
ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA;
NITROGEN-FIXATION; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; MIXING MODELS; ALGAL MAT
AB Understanding wetland food webs is critical for effective habitat management, restoration and conservation. Microalgae are recognized as key food sources for marsh invertebrates but the importance of different groups under various conditions is rarely examined. We tested the hypothesis that faunal utilization of microalgae, and cyanobacteria in particular, is significant in Southern California created and natural salt marshes but varies with habitat type (creek bank versus marsh interior) and season (spring versus autumn). We used stable isotope analysis and mixing models (IsoSource) to compare food webs in adjacent young (created) and mature (natural) salt marshes. Isotopic values of some primary producers, macrofauna, epifauna, and fish demonstrated significant differences between the adjacent salt marshes. delta C-13 and delta S-34 values of the benthic microalgal community varied with taxonomic composition (diatoms versus cyanobacteria) and to a lesser extent with season. Depleted delta N-15 values of benthic diatoms and macroalgae indicated that N-2 fixed within algal mats was recycled within the benthic algal community. Marsh fauna, including most major macrofauna taxal, Cerithidea, and Fundulus, also exhibited seasonal differences in isotopic composition, and Cerithidea and selected macrofauna (oligochaetes, polychaetes) from the marsh interior were more enriched in C-13 and depleted in N-15 than those from the creek bank. In the young marsh, the cyanobacteria contributed a minimum of 17-100% of the primary production in food webs supporting macrofauna, and cyanobacteria contributed at least 40% of the primary production included in Cerithidea and Fundulus food webs. A wider range of primary producers contributed to food webs in the mature marsh. Cyanobacteria were a greater source of trophic support for macrofauna from the marsh interior than the creek bank, whereas Spartina was a more important food source for creek bank macrofauna in both marshes. Insect larvae largely consumed cyanobacteria, whereas polychaetes exhibited greater utilization of Spartina. Phytoplankton was the primary food resource for mussels in both marshes. Although the spatial and temporal complexity of food webs has traditionally been collapsed into the study of relatively simplified food webs, isotope signatures reveal fine-scale patterns in food web structure that may be used to make more accurate assessments of ecosystem state. Accurate interpretation of marsh trophic structure using natural abundance stable isotopes requires fine-scale resolution in space and time, a large number of samples, and a high level of taxonomic resolution.
C1 [Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA Beaufort, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Levin, Lisa A.; Talley, Theresa S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Levin, Lisa A.; Talley, Theresa S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Michener, Robert] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Stable Isotope Lab, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Talley, Drew] Univ San Diego, Dept Marine Sci & Environm Studies, San Diego, CA 92110 USA.
RP Currin, CA (reprint author), NOAA Beaufort, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM Carolyn.currin@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Restoration Center; NOAA National Sea Grant College [R/CZ 140
(NA66RG0477), R/CZ 173 (NA06RG0142)]
FX We offer sincere thanks to all who assisted with the field collections,
sorting and sample processing, including J. Bernd, J. Cambalik, J.
Crooks, C. DiBacco, J. Ellis, L. Foote, A. A. Larson, C. Martin, L.
McConnico, A. McCray, J. Parker, J. Scope, and M. Sigala. P. Maddi
provided assistance with IsoSource models. We appreciate the efforts of
K. Tholke (Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA) and B. Mayer
(University of Calgary) in providing S isotope analysis. We thank H.
Paerl, G. Piniak and two anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier
version of the manuscript. We owe a special thanks to P. K. Dayton. Most
of the participants in this study are his students, either literally or
figuratively, and the creation of the CPMS resulted in large part from
his initiative and insights. Study site access was granted by the City
of San Diego Parks and Recreation Department and the University of
California Natural Reserve System. The research was funded by the NOAA
Restoration Center and NOAA National Sea Grant College Program, projects
R/CZ 140 (NA66RG0477) and R/CZ 173 (NA06RG0142). The views expressed
herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views
of NOAA or any of its subagencies.
NR 68
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 6
U2 34
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0173-9565
J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP
JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 3
BP 346
EP 363
PG 18
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 803DD
UT WOS:000293560400010
ER
PT J
AU Forney, KA
Kobayashi, DR
Johnston, DW
Marchetti, JA
Marsik, MG
AF Forney, Karin A.
Kobayashi, Donald R.
Johnston, David W.
Marchetti, Jamie A.
Marsik, Michael G.
TI What's the catch? Patterns of cetacean bycatch and depredation in
Hawaii-based pelagic longline fisheries
SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bycatch; cetacean; depredation; false killer whale; generalized additive
models; pelagic longline
ID MARINE MAMMALS; IMPACTS; US
AB U.S. Pacific pelagic longline fisheries operating in the central North Pacific have been subject to a series of regulations to reduce bycatch of protected species, including seabirds and sea turtles. Cetaceans are also occasionally caught, and the bycatch of false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in the Hawaii-based deep-set longline fishery currently exceeds allowable levels under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA). In this study, we examined longline observer data collected between 1994 and 2009, with emphasis on 2003-2009, to identify patterns of cetacean bycatch and depredation in relation to area, time, vessel, habitat variables, fishing gear, and set characteristics. The objectives of these analyses were to identify relationships amongst fishery interaction rates and variables that could provide opportunities to reduce depredation by cetaceans, reduce the likelihood of incidentally catching a cetacean when present, or reduce the severity of injuries to cetaceans if caught. The results of this study were provided to the False Killer Whale Take Reduction Team, convened under the MMPA, as they developed a plan to reduce serious injury and mortality of false killer whales in these fisheries. No correlates were identified that could markedly reduce depredation rates, but a slight (16%) reduction in repeat depredation within a fishing trip was evident when vessels moved at least 100 km following a depredation event. The most practical option for reducing bycatch of false killer whales was determined to be the use of small (14/0-16/0) circle hooks, which could result in an estimated 6% reduction in bycatch and a greater likelihood of releasing animals with non-serious injuries. Additional research is needed to address unresolved questions relating to processes involved in depredation events and hookings or entanglements of false killer whales.
C1 [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
[Kobayashi, Donald R.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Johnston, David W.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Div Marine Sci & Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Marchetti, Jamie A.; Marsik, Michael G.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA.
RP Forney, KA (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA USA.
EM karin.forney@noaa.gov
FU NMFS Pacific Islands Region, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center;
Southwest Fisheries Science Center
FX We wish to thank the many observers and staff members of the observer
program who spent long hours collecting, entering, and verifying the
observer data that formed the basis of this analysis, and the fishing
industry for their cooperation with observers at sea. The members of the
False Killer Whale Take Reduction Team provided valuable input and
feedback on several of the analyses presented. Funding for this research
was provided by the NMFS Pacific Islands Region, Pacific Islands
Fisheries Science Center, and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center.
This manuscript was improved by the helpful reviews of S. Benson, J.
Carretta, W. Perrin, N. Young and two anonymous reviewers. Special
thanks to Lisa Levin for inviting the lead author (K.A.F.) to contribute
to this special issue honoring Paul Dayton. Paul has been an incredible
friend and mentor, sharing his unique ecological insights, boundless
enthusiasm, and dedication to marine conservation with so many students
of diverse disciplines. I am grateful to count myself among them - thank
you, Paul!
NR 28
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 28
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0173-9565
EI 1439-0485
J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP
JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 3
BP 380
EP 391
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00454.x
PG 12
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 803DD
UT WOS:000293560400012
ER
PT J
AU Gerrodette, T
AF Gerrodette, Tim
TI Inference without significance: measuring support for hypotheses rather
than rejecting them
SO MARINE ECOLOGY-AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article
DE Bayesian; likelihood; null hypothesis; Phocoena sinus; significance
test; statistical inference
ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; VAQUITA PHOCOENA-SINUS; SHOW NEGLIGIBLE
TREND; NULL-HYPOTHESIS; SIGNIFICANCE TESTS; P-VALUES;
PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS;
WILDLIFE SCIENCE
AB Despite more than half a century of criticism, significance testing continues to be used commonly by ecologists. Significance tests are widely misused and misunderstood, and even when properly used, they are not very informative for most ecological data. Problems of misuse and misinterpretation include: (i) invalid logic; (ii) rote use; (iii) equating statistical significance with biological importance; (iv) regarding the P-value as the probability that the null hypothesis is true; (v) regarding the P-value as a measure of effect size; and (vi) regarding the P-value as a measure of evidence. Significance tests are poorly suited for inference because they pose the wrong question. In addition, most null hypotheses in ecology are point hypotheses already known to be false, so whether they are rejected or not provides little additional understanding. Ecological data rarely fit the controlled experimental setting for which significance tests were developed. More satisfactory methods of inference assess the degree of support which data provide for hypotheses, measured in terms of information theory (model-based inference), likelihood ratios (likelihood inference) or probability (Bayesian inference). Modern statistical methods allow multiple data sets to be combined into a single likelihood framework, avoiding the loss of information that can occur when data are analyzed in separate steps. Inference based on significance testing is compared with model-based, likelihood and Bayesian inference using data on an endangered porpoise, Phocoena sinus. All of the alternatives lead to greater understanding and improved inference than provided by a P-value and the associated statement of statistical significance.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Gerrodette, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA.
EM tim.gerrodette@noaa.gov
NR 100
TC 19
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 67
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0173-9565
EI 1439-0485
J9 MAR ECOL-EVOL PERSP
JI Mar. Ecol.-Evol. Persp.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 32
IS 3
BP 404
EP 418
DI 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2011.00466.x
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 803DD
UT WOS:000293560400014
ER
PT J
AU Flatt, RJ
Scherer, GW
Bullard, JW
AF Flatt, Robert J.
Scherer, George W.
Bullard, Jeffrey W.
TI Why alite stops hydrating below 80% relative humidity
SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Humidity; Hydration; Reaction
ID CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE; C-S-H; DISSOLUTION; THERMODYNAMICS; HYDROXIDE;
NUCLEATION; PERIOD; WATER; MODEL; C3S
AB It has been observed that the hydration of cement paste stops when the relative humidity drops below about 80%. A thermodynamic analysis shows that the capillary pressure exerted at that RH shifts the solubility of tricalcium silicate, so that it is in equilibrium with water. This is a reflection of the chemical shrinkage in this system: according to Le Chatelier's principle, since the volume of the products is less than that of the reactants, a negative (capillary) pressure opposes the reaction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Scherer, George W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Flatt, Robert J.] Sika Technol AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Bullard, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Scherer, GW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Eng Quad E-319, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM scherer@princeton.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Flatt, Robert/D-3295-2013;
OI Flatt, Robert/0000-0002-5609-8487; Scherer, George/0000-0002-5874-2627
NR 43
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 19
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0008-8846
J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES
JI Cem. Concr. Res.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 9
BP 987
EP 992
DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.001
PG 6
WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science
GA 801IP
UT WOS:000293432100009
ER
PT J
AU Rayner, D
Hirschi, JJM
Kanzow, T
Johns, WE
Wright, PG
Frajka-Williams, E
Bryden, HL
Meinen, CS
Baringer, MO
Marotzke, J
Beal, LM
Cunningham, SA
AF Rayner, Darren
Hirschi, Joel J. -M.
Kanzow, Torsten
Johns, William E.
Wright, Paul G.
Frajka-Williams, Eleanor
Bryden, Harry L.
Meinen, Christopher S.
Baringer, Molly O.
Marotzke, Jochem
Beal, Lisa M.
Cunningham, Stuart A.
TI Monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Physical oceanography; Thermohaline circulation; Ocean circulation;
Ocean currents; Mooring systems; Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation
ID WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE
CIRCULATION; NORDIC SEAS; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTS; ARRAY;
CLIMATE; MODEL
AB The rapid climate change programme (RAPID) has established a prototype system to continuously observe the strength and structure of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at 26.5 degrees N. Here we provide a detailed description of the RAPID-MOC monitoring array and how it has evolved during the first four deployment years, as well as an overview of the main findings so far. The RAPID-MOC monitoring array measures: (1) Gulf Stream transport through Florida Strait by cable and repeat direct velocity measurements; (2) Ekman transports by satellite scatterometer measurements; (3) Deep Western Boundary Currents by direct velocity measurements; (4) the basin wide interior baroclinic circulation from moorings measuring vertical profiles of density at the boundaries and on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; and (5) barotropic fluctuations using bottom pressure recorders. The array became operational in late March 2004 and is expected to continue until at least 2014. The first 4 years of observations (April 2004-April 2008) have provided an unprecedented insight into the MOC structure and variability. We show that the zonally integrated meridional flow tends to conserve mass, with the fluctuations of the different transport components largely compensating at periods longer than 10 days. We take this as experimental confirmation of the monitoring strategy, which was initially tested in numerical models. The MOC at 26.5 degrees N is characterised by a large variability even on timescales as short as weeks to months. The mean maximum MOC transport for the first 4 years of observations is 18.7 Sv with a standard deviation of 4.8 Sv. The mechanisms causing the MOC variability are not yet fully understood. Part of the observed MOC variability consists of a seasonal cycle, which can be linked to the seasonal variability of the wind stress curl close to the African coast. Close to the western boundary, fluctuations in the Gulf Stream and in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) coincide with bottom pressure variations at the western margin, thus suggesting a barotropic compensation. Ongoing and future research will put these local transport variations into a wider spatial and climatic context. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Rayner, Darren; Hirschi, Joel J. -M.; Wright, Paul G.; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor; Bryden, Harry L.; Cunningham, Stuart A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Observing & Climate Res Grp, Southampton, Hants, England.
[Kanzow, Torsten] Univ Kiel, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Kiel, Germany.
[Johns, William E.; Beal, Lisa M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Meinen, Christopher S.; Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Marotzke, Jochem] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Rayner, D (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Observing & Climate Res Grp, Southampton, Hants, England.
EM dr400@noc.soton.ac.uk
RI Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012;
Hirschi, Joel/F-5631-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012;
OI Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838; Meinen,
Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Hirschi, Joel/0000-0003-1481-3697;
Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Beal, Lisa/0000-0003-3678-5367
NR 63
TC 85
Z9 86
U1 2
U2 54
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 17-18
BP 1744
EP 1753
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.056
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 801ZY
UT WOS:000293480300002
ER
PT J
AU Longworth, HR
Bryden, HL
Baringer, MO
AF Longworth, Hannah R.
Bryden, Harry L.
Baringer, Molly O.
TI Historical variability in Atlantic meridional baroclinic transport at
26.5 degrees N from boundary dynamic height observations
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic circulation; Meridional overturning circulation; Climate
change; Thermocline recirculation; Deep western boundary current
ID SUBTROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; HEAT-FLUX;
THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DECADAL CHANGES; OCEAN; WATER; SALINITY;
26-DEGREES-N; TEMPERATURE
AB The strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) at 26.5 degrees N may be inferred from the combination of Florida Straits transport (derived from cable measurements), Ekman transport estimated from wind stress climatologies and mid-ocean geostrophic shear (traditionally obtained from hydrographic sections) with application of mass balance to the section to yield the mid-ocean barotropic flow. The recent Rapid monitoring project has provided time series information for the mid-ocean geostrophic shear since 2004. This work presents methods to assemble a comparable dataset from CTD end stations and boundary mooring temperature and pressure time series to estimate the past variability from 1980 to 2005. Variability in the end station derived transport anomalies suggests that the MOC has fluctuated by more than 10 Sv, encompassing all MOC estimates reported in the literature. Interannual changes in MOC transport are masked by this variability and calculated trends in layer transports are not statistically significant. More extensive datasets of CTD casts and moored temperature records at the western boundary do show significant changes with warming in the thermocline and long-term freshening of the deep waters between the 1980s and 2005. These changes are associated with stronger southward flow in the upper waters and weaker southward flow in the deep waters, and suggest a decrease in the MOC strength of 2-4 Sv. Any such decrease, however, is masked by the scale of variability in layer transports derived from the historical database of CTD end stations. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Longworth, Hannah R.; Bryden, Harry L.] Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
[Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Bryden, HL (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
EM h.bryden@noc.soton.ac.uk
RI Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012
OI Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194
FU UK Natural Environment Research Council [NER/T/S/2002/0049]; NOAA Office
of Climate Observations
FX This analysis was supported primarily by the UK Natural Environment
Research Council under Grant NER/T/S/2002/0049 within the Rapid
Programme. Stuart Cunningham, Joel Hirschi and Jochem Marotzke provided
helpful suggestions throughout Florida Current cable transports have
been taken from the freely available Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory web page
(www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent/) and are funded by the NOAA
Office of Climate Observations. Gerold Siedler and Thomas Muller kindly
provided access to the Kiel archive of hydrographic stations and
Kiel-276 mooring data in the eastern subtropical Atlantic.
NR 42
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 17-18
BP 1754
EP 1767
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.057
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 801ZY
UT WOS:000293480300003
ER
PT J
AU Garzoli, SL
Matano, R
AF Garzoli, Silvia L.
Matano, Ricardo
TI The South Atlantic and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE South Atlantic; Meridional Overturning Circulation; Ocean circulation
and climate
ID ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATER; GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; BENGUELA
CURRENT; HEAT-TRANSPORT; AGULHAS RING; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; COUPLED VARIABILITY;
INTEROCEAN EXCHANGE
AB This article discusses the contribution of the South Atlantic circulation to the variability of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). The South Atlantic connects the North Atlantic to the Indian and Pacific oceans, being the conduit through which the southward outflow of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is compensated by northward inflows of upper and intermediate waters. This circulation pattern, in which cold waters flow poleward and warm waters equatorward, generates a distinct heat flux that is directed from the poles towards the equator. Observations and models indicate that the South Atlantic is not just a passive conduit but that its circulation influences significantly the water mass structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). These transformations occur across the whole basin but are most intensified in regions of high mesoscale variability. Models and observations also show that the South Atlantic plays a significant role in the establishment of oceanic teleconnections. Anomalies generated in the Southern Ocean, for example, are transmitted through inter-ocean exchanges to the northern basins. These results highlight the need for sustained observations in the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean, which, in conjunction with modeling efforts, would improve the understanding of the processes necessary to formulate long-term climate predictions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Garzoli, Silvia L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Matano, Ricardo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Garzoli, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Silvia.Garzoli@noaa.gov
RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010
OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253
FU Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory of NOAA; National
Science Foundation [OCE-0726994, OCE-0928348]; NASA [NNX08AR40G]
FX Support for this study was provided by the Atlantic Oceanographic and
Meteorological Laboratory of NOAA and the National Science Foundation
through Grants OCE-0726994 and OCE-0928348 and by NASA through Grant
NNX08AR40G.
NR 92
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 5
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 17-18
BP 1837
EP 1847
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.063
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 801ZY
UT WOS:000293480300009
ER
PT J
AU Mahajan, S
Zhang, R
Delworth, TL
Zhang, SQ
Rosati, AJ
Chang, YS
AF Mahajan, Salil
Zhang, Rong
Delworth, Thomas L.
Zhang, Shaoqing
Rosati, Anthony J.
Chang, You-Soon
TI Predicting Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations
using subsurface and surface fingerprints
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE AMOC fingerprints; AMOC prediction; AMOC variability; GFDL CM2.1
ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE;
PREDICTABILITY
AB Recent studies have suggested that the leading modes of North Atlantic subsurface temperature (T-sub) and sea surface height (SSH) anomalies are induced by Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variations and can be used as fingerprints of AMOC variability. Based on these fingerprints of the AMOC in the GFDL CM2.1 coupled climate model, a linear statistical predictive model of observed fingerprints of AMOC variability is developed in this study. The statistical model predicts a weakening of AMOC strength in a few years after its peak around 2005. Here, we show that in the GFDL coupled climate model assimilated with observed subsurface temperature data, including recent Argo network data (2003-2008), the leading mode of the North Atlantic T-sub anomalies is similar to that found with the objectively analyzed T-sub data and highly correlated with the leading mode of altimetry SSH anomalies for the period 1993-2008. A statistical auto-regressive (AR) model is fit to the time-series of the leading mode of objectively analyzed detrended North Atlantic T-sub anomalies (1955-2003) and is applied to assimilated T-sub and altimetry SSH anomalies to make predictions. A similar statistical AR model, fit to the time-series of the leading mode of modeled T-sub anomalies from the 1000-year GFDL CM2.1 control simulation, is applied to predict modeled T-sub, SSH, and AMOC anomalies. The two AR models show comparable skills in predicting observed T-sub and modeled T-sub, SSH and AMOC variations. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Mahajan, Salil] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.; Zhang, Shaoqing; Rosati, Anthony J.; Chang, You-Soon] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
RP Mahajan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
EM mahajans@ornl.gov
RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014;
OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Mahajan, Salil/0000-0001-5767-8590
FU Princeton University; GFDL/NOAA; CNES
FX Mahajan S. is supported by the Visiting Scientist Program jointly
sponsored by Princeton University and GFDL/NOAA. Chang Y.-S. is
supported by the GFDL/NOAA Visiting Scientist Program administered by
UCAR. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and
distributed by AVISO with support from CNES.
NR 26
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 9
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0967-0645
EI 1879-0100
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 58
IS 17-18
BP 1895
EP 1903
DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.067
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 801ZY
UT WOS:000293480300013
ER
PT J
AU Lindstrom, RM
AF Lindstrom, Richard M.
TI Hydrogen measurement in steel: a query
SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0236-5731
J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH
JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 289
IS 3
BP 967
EP 967
DI 10.1007/s10967-010-0951-4
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science &
Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 796DA
UT WOS:000293029200043
ER
PT J
AU Seely, JF
Szabo, CI
Feldman, U
Chen, H
Hudson, LT
Henins, A
AF Seely, J. F.
Szabo, C. I.
Feldman, Uri
Chen, Hui
Hudson, L. T.
Henins, A.
TI Gamma ray spectra from targets irradiated by picosecond lasers
SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Gamma ray; Positron; Picosecond laser
AB Photon spectra in the energy range 60 keV to 1 MeV were recorded from targets irradiated by the LLNL Titan and LLE EP picosecond lasers. The radiation consisted of K-shell radiation, bremsstrahlung radiation from MeV electrons, and preliminary evidence for 511 keV positron annihilation radiation. The spectra were recorded by two instruments, an energy-dispersive CCD detector with a CsI phosphor coating that operated in the single-hit per pixel mode and was absolutely calibrated using a Cs-137 662 keV source, and a wavelength-dispersive Cauchois type spectrometer employing a curved Ge(220) transmission crystal that operated in the first and second diffraction orders with high spectral resolution. The calibrated photon energy distributions from Au, Eu, and Al targets are compared to the energetic electron distributions emerging from the targets. Published by Elsevier B. V.
C1 [Seely, J. F.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Szabo, C. I.; Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA.
[Chen, Hui] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Hudson, L. T.; Henins, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Seely, JF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil
FU U.S. DOE by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of Naval Research
FX We thank Drs. J. Schumer, C. Boyer, and N. Pereira of the NRL Plasma
Physics Division for contributions to the CCD detector. The work at NRL
was supported by the Office of Naval Research. H. C. was funded under
the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under DE-AC52-07NA27344. Certain
commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this
paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such
identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by
the U.S. government, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or
equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-1818
J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS
JI High Energy Density Phys.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 150
EP 154
DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2011.04.002
PG 5
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 791WU
UT WOS:000292700200007
ER
PT J
AU Rukhin, AL
AF Rukhin, Andrew L.
TI Estimating common parameters in heterogeneous random effects models
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Almost unbiased variance estimator; DerSimonian-Laird procedure;
Estimating equation; Growth curve model; Maximum likelihood;
Meta-analysis; Random coefficient model; Variance components
ID METAANALYSIS; REGRESSION; VARIANCE
AB A question of fundamental importance for meta-analysis of heterogeneous multidimensional data studies is how to form a best consensus estimator of common parameters, and what uncertainty to attach to the estimate. This issue is addressed for a class of unbalanced linear designs which include classical growth curve models. The solution obtained is similar to the popular DerSimonian and Laird (1986) method for a simple meta-analysis model. By using almost unbiased variance estimators, an estimator of the covariance matrix of this procedure is derived. Combination of these methods is illustrated by two examples and are compared via simulation. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3758
EI 1873-1171
J9 J STAT PLAN INFER
JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 141
IS 9
BP 3181
EP 3192
DI 10.1016/j.jspi.2011.04.005
PG 12
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 776GS
UT WOS:000291523100018
ER
PT J
AU Francis, TB
Levin, PS
Harvey, CJ
AF Francis, Tessa B.
Levin, Phillip S.
Harvey, Chris J.
TI The perils and promise of futures analysis in marine ecosystem-based
management
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Scenario analysis; Ecosystem-based management; Marine ecosystems;
Futures
ID GLOBAL SCENARIOS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SERVICES; IMPACT; UNCERTAINTY; ECOLOGY
AB Ecosystem-based management is now widely accepted as the standard strategy for achieving sustainable delivery of marine and estuarine ecosystem services. The ubiquity and rate of change in marine ecosystems necessitate incorporating visions of future ecosystem states into ecosystem management strategies. Creating visions of the future enables policy makers to set realistic objectives and targets, and to explore the consequences of potential management decisions on ecosystems under multiple potential scenarios of change. Several classes of futures are used in marine ecosystem management program, and three are highlighted here: visioning, predictive models, and scenario analysis. Each approach is briefly described, and their use in current marine ecosystem management programs in North America is reviewed. In particular, the importance of using scenario analysis to identify and incorporate the influence of exogenous drivers into management strategies is highlighted. Then, some of the perils and promises associated with each approach are described, and a way forward is proposed that incorporates multiple types of future envisioning approaches into management programs. Key contributions of future analyses include highlighting connections and trade-offs among ecosystem components, setting realistic targets, and incorporating exogenous drivers, and their uncertainties, into ecosystem management programs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Francis, Tessa B.] NOAA, Natl Res Council, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Francis, TB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Res Council, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM tessa.francis@noaa.gov
OI Francis, Tessa/0000-0002-3383-5392
NR 50
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 5
BP 675
EP 681
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.02.008
PG 7
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 766AC
UT WOS:000290749500013
ER
PT J
AU Jones, CD
Lockhart, SJ
AF Jones, Christopher D.
Lockhart, Susanne J.
TI Detecting Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in the Southern Ocean using
research trawls and underwater imagery
SO MARINE POLICY
LA English
DT Article
DE Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems; Antarctic benthic invertebrates; Fisheries
management
ID BENTHIC COMMUNITIES; BIODIVERSITY; ANTARCTICA; PATTERNS; SEA
AB To ensure that destructive bottom fishing activities do not have significant adverse impacts on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) in high seas areas of the World Ocean, as required by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 61-105, knowledge of the locations of VMEs is required. Quantifying the occurrence and abundance of VME indicator taxa in research bottom-trawl samples, as well as from in situ observations with underwater photography, provides methods for detecting these ecosystems. A case study is presented in which a threshold density of indicator taxa was used as the basis for VME designation. In 2009, high densities of VME indicator taxa were encountered at 11 sites off the South Orkney Islands in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In most cases, thresholds were exceeded by a limited number of VME indicator taxa, primarily representatives of the class Demospongiae (siliceous sponges), Hexactinellida (glass sponges) and Ascidiacea (tunicates). In situ imagery further showed the importance of bryozoans (lace corals), scleractinians (stony corals) and stylastrids (hydrocorals) in the study region. The approach outlined here, which relies on widely used sampling techniques, could be employed throughout the World Ocean to detect and document the presence of VMEs from existing datasets. To illustrate this point, the method was applied to a separate dataset, collected in 2006, from a research cruise off the northern Antarctic Peninsula, which led to the detection of 17 VMEs. The VMEs from both the 2006 and 2009 data are now registered and influence the management of fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Jones, Christopher D.; Lockhart, Susanne J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM chris.d.jones@noaa.gov
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0308-597X
J9 MAR POLICY
JI Mar. Pol.
PD SEP
PY 2011
VL 35
IS 5
BP 732
EP 736
DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.02.004
PG 5
WC Environmental Studies; International Relations
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations
GA 766AC
UT WOS:000290749500021
ER
PT J
AU Lemons, G
Lewison, R
Komoroske, L
Gaos, A
Lai, CT
Dutton, P
Eguchi, T
LeRoux, R
Seminoff, JA
AF Lemons, Garrett
Lewison, Rebecca
Komoroske, Lisa
Gaos, Alexander
Lai, Chun-To
Dutton, Peter
Eguchi, Tomoharu
LeRoux, Robin
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
TI Trophic ecology of green sea turtles in a highly urbanized bay: Insights
from stable isotopes and mixing models
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Black turtle; Carbon; Chelonia mydas; Chelonidae; Isotope mixing models;
Nitrogen
ID SAN-DIEGO BAY; CHELONIA-MYDAS; FEEDING ECOLOGY; SEAGRASS BEDS; HABITAT
USE; CALIFORNIA; CARBON; FRACTIONATION; DIGESTIBILITY; INVERTEBRATES
AB The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, is a circumglobal species that is susceptible to overexploitation as a food resource, incidental mortality in fisheries, and coastal foraging habitat degradation, all of which have contributed to its listing as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Efforts to recover regional green turtle populations have been hampered by a lack of information on their biology. In particular, temporal patterns of diet intake and habitat use in neritic foraging areas are not well understood. Historical paradigms suggest that adult green turtles are obligate herbivores with diets consisting of seagrasses and/or marine algae. However, these insights are largely based on conventional diet analysis techniques that only yield snapshots of recently consumed foods. Stable isotope analysis has been used to determine contributions of various potential food resources to a consumer's diet, and this approach is commonly applied to identify diet composition and long-term trophic relationships of a species. In this study, we measured the stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope values of 86 green turtles and seven putative prey species (e.g., algae, seagrass, invertebrates) collected from 2003 to 2008 in San Diego Bay, California, USA, an urbanized coastal bay in the temperate eastern Pacific Ocean. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 values in skin of green turtles in this study ranged from -18.9 parts per thousand to -13.7 parts per thousand and 11.0 parts per thousand to 19.3 parts per thousand, respectively, whereas the values for potential foods ranged from -22.6 parts per thousand to -11.5 parts per thousand for delta C-13 and 10.4 parts per thousand to 15.9 parts per thousand for delta N-15. We applied a leading multisource stable isotope mixing model (Stable Isotope Analysis in R), to determine the main contributors to, and annual variation in, green turtle diet based on comparisons of isotope values of turtles and putative prey species. Mixing model outputs indicated that green turtles consumed an omnivorous diet during all years of this study. Mobile invertebrates had the greatest median dietary distribution (38%), whereas seagrasses (26%) and sessile invertebrates (12%) were also found to be major dietary contributors. Red algae and green algae were also identified as feasible prey species, although at reduced levels. When coupled with information on prey species' spatial distributions, these data also provide insights about the types of habitats visited by foraging green turtles. Local seagrass pastures appear to be of high value, serving as a major food resource and providing habitat for other green turtle prey. Protection of the remaining seagrass habitat in and around San Diego Bay is thus considered essential for local green turtle management, and restoration of degraded seagrass habitats in this highly urbanized bay should be considered a top conservation priority. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Lemons, Garrett; Dutton, Peter; Eguchi, Tomoharu; LeRoux, Robin; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Lewison, Rebecca; Komoroske, Lisa; Gaos, Alexander; Lai, Chun-To] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Ct, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov
OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926
FU NOAA, the Unified Port of San Diego; San Diego State University
FX We gratefully acknowledge Amy Frey, Amy Jue, Erin LaCasella, Boyd Lyon,
Kerstin Muilenberg, Dan Prosperi, Suzanne Roden, and Lauren Saez for
collaboration, sample collection and lab assistance over the years. We
also thank Tom Leibst for unlimited access to our study site, Jason
Curtis, Constance Gramlich, Bruce Deck, and Lisa Thurn for assistance
with mass spectrometry, and Donald Phillips and Richard Inger for
insights and assistance with mixing model software. This is contribution
number 9 of the Coastal and Marine Institute laboratory, San Diego State
University. This study was funded by NOAA, the Unified Port of San
Diego, and San Diego State University. This research was authorized by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA permit #1591).
[SS]
NR 63
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 64
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD AUG 31
PY 2011
VL 405
IS 1-2
BP 25
EP 32
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2011.05.012
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 796JO
UT WOS:000293047800004
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, DL
Juzeliunas, G
Spielman, IB
AF Campbell, D. L.
Juzeliunas, G.
Spielman, I. B.
TI Realistic Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling for neutral atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
AB We describe a new class of atom-laser coupling schemes which lead to spin-orbit-coupled Hamiltonians for ultracold neutral atoms. By properly setting the optical phases, a pair of degenerate pseudospin (a linear combination of internal atomic) states emerge as the lowest-energy eigenstates in the spectrum and are thus immune to collisionally induced decay. These schemes use N cyclically coupled ground or metastable internal states. We focus on two situations: a three-level case and a four-level case, where the latter adds a controllable Dresselhaus contribution. We describe an implementation of the four-level scheme for Rb-87 and analyze its sensitivity to typical laboratory noise sources. Last, we argue that the Rashba Hamiltonian applies only in the large intensity limit since any laser coupling scheme will produce terms nonlinear in momentum that decline with intensity.
C1 [Campbell, D. L.; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Campbell, D. L.; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania.
RP Campbell, DL (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU KITP Santa Barbara (NSF) [PHY0551164]; NSF through the PFC at JQI;
Atomtronics MURI; DARPA OLE; EU
FX We thank KITP Santa Barbara (NSF Grant No. PHY0551164) where this
collaboration was initiated. D. L. C. and I. B. S. acknowledge the
financial support of the NSF through the PFC at JQI and of the ARO with
funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and the DARPA OLE Program. G.J
acknowledges support from the EU project STREP NAME-QUAM.
NR 20
TC 131
Z9 132
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
EI 1094-1622
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD AUG 30
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 2
AR 025602
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.025602
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 813WK
UT WOS:000294400700006
ER
PT J
AU Lemke, ND
von Stecher, J
Sherman, JA
Rey, AM
Oates, CW
Ludlow, AD
AF Lemke, N. D.
von Stecher, J.
Sherman, J. A.
Rey, A. M.
Oates, C. W.
Ludlow, A. D.
TI p-Wave Cold Collisions in an Optical Lattice Clock
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FERMIONS
AB We study ultracold collisions in fermionic ytterbium by precisely measuring the energy shifts they impart on the atoms' internal clock states. Exploiting Fermi statistics, we uncover p-wave collisions, in both weakly and strongly interacting regimes. With the higher density afforded by two-dimensional lattice confinement, we demonstrate that strong interactions can lead to a novel suppression of this collision shift. In addition to reducing the systematic errors of lattice clocks, this work has application to quantum information and quantum simulation with alkaline-earth atoms.
C1 [Lemke, N. D.; Sherman, J. A.; Oates, C. W.; Ludlow, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lemke, N. D.; von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lemke, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov
RI Sherman, Jeffrey/G-3006-2011; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013
OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715
FU NIST; NSF-PFC; AFOSR; DARPA-OLE
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance from Y. Jiang, S. Diddams,
T. Fortier, and M. Kirchner, and financial support from NIST, NSF-PFC,
AFOSR, ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE.
NR 30
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 30
PY 2011
VL 107
IS 10
AR 103902
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.103902
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 813YJ
UT WOS:000294406100006
PM 21981504
ER
PT J
AU Pomeroy, JM
Read, JC
AF Pomeroy, J. M.
Read, J. C.
TI Magnetic switching fluctuations from sidewall oxides in MgO/FeCoB
magnetic tunnel junctions
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; TORQUE
AB Sharp magnetic switching distributions with coupling to magnetic sidewall oxides in FeCoB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are revealed by magneto-resistance first order reversal curve (MR-FORC) measurements. Tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR) and FORC data in units of % TMR/mT(2) are shown for two identical devices that differ only by the annealing. The annealed sample has much larger TMR and correspondingly higher switching density rho. In both cases, the MR-FORC data exhibit a prominent "checkerboard" pattern that implies coupling to magnetic oxides on the MTJ sidewalls. [doi:10.1063/1.3631754]
C1 [Pomeroy, J. M.; Read, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov; John.Read@HitachiGST.com
FU National Research Council; NIST Magnetic Materials group
FX The authors acknowledge H. W. Tseng, Y. Li, and R. A. Buhrman, Cornell
University for providing MTJs. J.C.R. thanks the National Research
Council for postdoctoral support and the NIST Magnetic Materials group.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 29
PY 2011
VL 99
IS 9
AR 092505
DI 10.1063/1.3631754
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 814XA
UT WOS:000294489300040
ER
PT J
AU Kuo, PS
Solomon, GS
AF Kuo, Paulina S.
Solomon, Glenn S.
TI On- and off-resonance second-harmonic generation in GaAs microdisks
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALGAAS MICRORING RESONATORS; ORIENTATION-PATTERNED GAAS; 2ND
HARMONIC-GENERATION; WAVE-GUIDES; CAVITIES; POWER; CRYSTAL; OPTICS
AB We present a theoretical description of on-and off-resonance, (4) over bar -quasi-phasematched, second-harmonic generation (SHG) in microdisks made of GaAs or other materials possessing (4) over bar symmetry, such as GaP or ZnSe. The theory describes the interplay between quasi-phasematching (QPM) and the cavity-resonance conditions. For optimal conversion, all waves should be resonant with the microdisk and should satisfy the (4) over bar -QPM condition. We explore chi((2)) nonlinear mixing if one of the waves is not resonant with the microdisk cavity and calculate the second-harmonic conversion spectrum. We also describe perfectly destructive (4) over bar -QPM where both the fundamental and second-harmonic are on-resonance with the cavity but SHG is suppressed.
C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kuo, Paulina S.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM pkuo@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU National Research Council; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the Joint
Quantum Institute; DARPA
FX We thank Kartik Srinivasan for helpful discussions. P. S. Kuo
acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral
Research Associate program. We also acknowledge support through the NSF
Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute and the
Zeno-based Optoelectronics program at DARPA.
NR 31
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 22
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD AUG 29
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 18
BP 16898
EP 16918
DI 10.1364/OE.19.016898
PG 21
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 814XE
UT WOS:000294489700018
PM 21935051
ER
PT J
AU Kim, YJ
Sorini, AP
Stock, C
Perring, TG
Van den Brink, J
Devereaux, TP
AF Kim, Young-June
Sorini, A. P.
Stock, C.
Perring, T. G.
Van den Brink, J.
Devereaux, T. P.
TI Probing high-energy electronic excitations in NiO using inelastic
neutron scattering
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; TRANSITIONS
AB High-energy local multiplet excitations of the d electrons are revealed in our inelastic neutron scattering measurements on the prototype magnetic insulator NiO. These become allowed by the presence of both nonzero crystal field and spin-orbit coupling. The observed excitations are consistent with optical, x-ray, and EELS measurements of d-d excitations. This experiment serves as a proof of principle that high-energy neutron spectroscopy is a reliable and useful technique for probing electronic excitations in systems with significant crystal-field and spin-orbit interactions.
C1 [Kim, Young-June] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Sorini, A. P.; Devereaux, T. P.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Stock, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA.
[Perring, T. G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Perring, T. G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
[Van den Brink, J.] IFW Dresden, Inst Theoret Solid State Phys, DE-01171 Dresden, Germany.
[Devereaux, T. P.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
EM yjkim@physics.utoronto.ca
RI van den Brink, Jeroen/E-5670-2011; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011
OI van den Brink, Jeroen/0000-0001-6594-9610; Kim, Young-June
/0000-0002-1172-8895
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian
Foundation for Innovation; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation;
US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-FG02-08ER46540 (CMSN)]
FX We would like to thank K. Plumb for valuable discussions. Y.-J. K. was
supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and Ontario Ministry of
Research and Innovation. A. P. S. and T. P. D. are supported by the US
Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-76SF00515 and
DE-FG02-08ER46540 (CMSN).
NR 33
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 29
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 8
AR 085132
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.085132
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 812XH
UT WOS:000294326200004
ER
PT J
AU Rippard, W
Heindl, R
Pufall, M
Russek, S
Kos, A
AF Rippard, William
Heindl, Ranko
Pufall, Matthew
Russek, Stephen
Kos, Anthony
TI Thermal relaxation rates of magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of
magnetic fields and spin-transfer effects
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; VOLTAGE-DEPENDENCE; TRANSFER TORQUE; EMISSION; MODEL
AB We have measured the relaxation time of a thermally unstable ferromagnetic nanoparticle incorporated into a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) as a function of applied magnetic field, voltage V (-0.38 V < V < + 0.26 V), and temperature (283 K < T < 363 K). By analyzing the results within the framework of a modified Neel-Brown formalism, we determine the effective attempt time of the nanoparticle and also the bias dependences of the in-plane and out-of-plane spin-transfer torques. There is a significant linear modification of the effective temperature with voltage due to the in-plane torque and a significant contribution of a "field-like" torque that is quadratic with voltage. The methods presented here do not require complicated models for device heating or calibration procedures but instead directly measure how temperature, field, and voltage influence the energy landscape and thermal fluctuations of a two-state system. These results should have significant implications for designs of future nanometer-scale magnetic random access memory elements and provide a straightforward methodology to determine these parameters in other MTJ device structures.
C1 [Rippard, William; Heindl, Ranko; Pufall, Matthew; Russek, Stephen; Kos, Anthony] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Rippard, W (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM rippard@boulder.nist.gov
FU DARPA STT-RAM
FX We thank Everspin Technologies for providing the starting MTJ material,
W. Butler and M. Stiles for helpful discussion regarding the preparation
of this manuscript, and M. Keller for help with the data analysis
software. This work was partially supported by the DARPA STT-RAM
program.
NR 33
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 15
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 29
PY 2011
VL 84
IS 6
AR 064439
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064439
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 812XF
UT WOS:000294325900009
ER
PT J
AU Ahmadov, R
McKeen, S
Bahreini, R
Middlebrook, A
deGouw, J
Jimenez, JL
Trainer, M
AF Ahmadov, Ravan
McKeen, S.
Bahreini, R.
Middlebrook, A.
deGouw, J.
Jimenez, J. L.
Trainer, M.
TI Modeling of secondary organic aerosols for the Los Angeles basin
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ahmadov, Ravan; McKeen, S.; Bahreini, R.; deGouw, J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ahmadov, Ravan; McKeen, S.; Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A.; deGouw, J.; Trainer, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ravan.ahmadov@noaa.gov
RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008
OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 423-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302708
ER
PT J
AU Ahmed, ZA
Plusquellic, DF
AF Ahmed, Zeeshan A.
Plusquellic, David F.
TI Probing couple peptide-water motions in dipeptide nanotubes
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ahmed, Zeeshan A.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
EM zeeshan.ahmed@nist.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 403-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306183
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, DM
AF Anderson, David M.
TI Paleoclimatology: Sources of evidence and implications for future
climate change
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Anderson, David M.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM david.m.anderson@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 5-SCHB
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307466
ER
PT J
AU Anitescu, G
Tavlarides, LL
Bruno, TJ
AF Anitescu, George
Tavlarides, Lawrence L.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Advanced distillation curve method applied to volatility
characterization of biodiesel fuels produced by supercritical fluid
transesterification of various lipid feedstocks
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Anitescu, George; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Anitescu, George] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Tavlarides, Lawrence L.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA.
EM George.Anitescu@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 355-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303275
ER
PT J
AU Antonucci, JM
Skrtic, D
AF Antonucci, Joseph M.
Skrtic, Drago
TI Physicochemical and biological properties of remineralizing, polymeric
ACP composites
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffebarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.antonucci@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 617-POLY
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307326
ER
PT J
AU Axson, J
Kahan, T
Vaida, V
Washenfelder, R
Young, C
Brown, SS
AF Axson, Jessica
Kahan, Tara
Vaida, Veronica
Washenfelder, Rebecca
Young, Cora
Brown, Steven S.
TI Measurements of weak absorptions by O-3 and O-3-H2O clusters using
cavity enhanced spectroscopy
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Axson, Jessica; Kahan, Tara; Vaida, Veronica] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Washenfelder, Rebecca; Young, Cora; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Jessica.Axson@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 60-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302367
ER
PT J
AU Benkstein, KD
Rogers, PH
Dattoli, EN
Semancik, S
AF Benkstein, Kurt D.
Rogers, Phillip H.
Dattoli, Eric N.
Semancik, Steve
TI Developing chemical microsensors for trace analyte detection in a
simulated Martian background
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Rogers, Phillip H.; Dattoli, Eric N.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 46-CASW
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300877
ER
PT J
AU Berro, AJ
Carmichael, PT
Berglund, AJ
Liddle, JA
AF Berro, Adam J.
Carmichael, Peter T.
Berglund, Andrew J.
Liddle, J. Alexander
TI Measurement of acid generation in polymer matrix by photoactivation
localization microscopy
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Berro, Adam J.; Carmichael, Peter T.; Berglund, Andrew J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM adam.berro@nist.gov
RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013
OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 18-POLY
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306763
ER
PT J
AU Blumer, MK
AF Blumer, Michael K.
TI Applying NIOSH\'s nanomaterial sampling methods in the laboratory
setting: Preliminary observations
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Blumer, Michael K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mblumer@boulder.nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 13-CHAS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301070
ER
PT J
AU Boylan, PJ
Helmig, D
Staebler, RM
Fairall, CW
Hueber, J
AF Boylan, Patrick J.
Helmig, Detlev
Staebler, Ralf M.
Fairall, Christopher W.
Hueber, Jacques
TI Ozone snow-atmosphere exchange during ozone depletion events in arctic
springtime at Barrow, AK
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Boylan, Patrick J.; Helmig, Detlev; Hueber, Jacques] Univ Colorado Boulder, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Staebler, Ralf M.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM boylanp@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 102-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302372
ER
PT J
AU Brown, SS
Dube, WP
Wagner, NL
AF Brown, Steven S.
Dube, William P.
Wagner, Nicholas L.
TI Aircraft measurements of N2O5: Implications for heterogeneous
atmospheric chemistry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Wagner, Nicholas L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dube, William P.; Wagner, Nicholas L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov
RI Dube, William/I-1658-2013
OI Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 28-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302564
ER
PT J
AU Bruno, TJ
Lovestead, TM
Windom, BC
AF Bruno, Thomas J.
Lovestead, Tara M.
Windom, Bret C.
TI Analysis of complex fluids with the advanced distillation curve method
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Bruno, Thomas J.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Windom, Bret C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM thomas.bruno@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 110-IEC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303568
ER
PT J
AU Burger, J
Lovestead, TM
Windom, BC
Bruno, TJ
AF Burger, Jessica
Lovestead, Tara M.
Windom, Bret C.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Characterization of renewable fuels and additives with the advanced
distillation curve method
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Burger, Jessica; Lovestead, Tara M.; Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jessica.burger@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 145-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303057
ER
PT J
AU Cambaliza, MOL
Shepson, P
Stirm, B
Sweeney, C
Turnbull, J
Karion, A
Davis, K
Lauvaux, T
Richardson, S
Miles, N
Svetanoff, R
AF Cambaliza, Maria Obiminda L.
Shepson, Paul
Stirm, Brian
Sweeney, Colm
Turnbull, Jocelyn
Karion, Anna
Davis, Ken
Lauvaux, Thomas
Richardson, Scott
Miles, Natasha
Svetanoff, Rachel
TI Quantification of emissions from methane sources in Indianapolis using
an aircraft-based platform
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Cambaliza, Maria Obiminda L.; Shepson, Paul; Svetanoff, Rachel] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Stirm, Brian] Purdue Univ, Dept Aviat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Sweeney, Colm; Turnbull, Jocelyn; Karion, Anna] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Davis, Ken; Lauvaux, Thomas; Richardson, Scott; Miles, Natasha] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM mcambali@purdue.edu
RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 473-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302759
ER
PT J
AU Cappa, CD
Lack, DA
Massoli, P
Cross, ES
Onasch, TB
Ahern, A
Wrobel, W
Olfert, J
Dubey, M
Mazzoleni, C
Kolb, C
Worsnop, D
Slowik, J
Davidovits, P
AF Cappa, Christopher D.
Lack, Daniel A.
Massoli, Paola
Cross, Eben S.
Onasch, Timothy B.
Ahern, Adam
Wrobel, William
Olfert, Jason
Dubey, Manvendra
Mazzoleni, Claudio
Kolb, Charles
Worsnop, Douglas
Slowik, Jay
Davidovits, Paul
TI Absorption by organic carbon produced from inefficient combustion
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Lack, Daniel A.; Massoli, Paola] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lack, Daniel A.; Massoli, Paola] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Massoli, Paola; Cross, Eben S.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Ahern, Adam; Kolb, Charles; Worsnop, Douglas] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Cross, Eben S.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Ahern, Adam; Wrobel, William; Davidovits, Paul] Boston Coll, Boston, MA USA.
[Olfert, Jason] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Slowik, Jay] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Dubey, Manvendra] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Mazzoleni, Claudio] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu
RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Slowik,
Jay/F-4894-2011
OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Slowik, Jay/0000-0001-5682-850X
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 194-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302470
ER
PT J
AU Chaka, AM
Oxford, GAE
Stubbs, J
Eng, P
AF Chaka, Anne M.
Oxford, Gloria A. E.
Stubbs, JoAnne
Eng, Peter
TI DFT investigation of the oxidation of the uranium dioxide (111) surface
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Chaka, Anne M.; Oxford, Gloria A. E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stubbs, JoAnne; Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM anne.chaka@nist.gov
RI Stubbs, Joanne/F-9710-2013
OI Stubbs, Joanne/0000-0002-8509-2009
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 31-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301727
ER
PT J
AU Chan, EP
Hu, YH
Johnson, PM
Suo, ZG
Stafford, CM
AF Chan, Edwin P.
Hu, Yuhang
Johnson, Peter M.
Suo, Zhigang
Stafford, Christopher M.
TI Quantifying the transport properties of thin polymer gel layers via an
indentation-based technique
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Johnson, Peter M.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hu, Yuhang; Suo, Zhigang] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM edwin.chan@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 294-PMSE
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306598
ER
PT J
AU Cziczo, D
Froyd, K
AF Cziczo, Daniel
Froyd, Karl
TI Effects of aerosol properties on the formation of cirrus ice clouds
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Cziczo, Daniel] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Froyd, Karl] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM djcziczo@mit.edu
RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 224-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302504
ER
PT J
AU Dattoli, EN
Benkstein, KD
AF Dattoli, Eric N.
Benkstein, Kurt D.
TI Improving the gas discrimination capabilities of metal oxide nanowires
by rapid modulation of field-effect and temperature
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Dattoli, Eric N.; Benkstein, Kurt D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA.
EM eric.dattoli@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 143-ANYL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300499
ER
PT J
AU Diky, V
Chirico, RD
Muzny, CD
Kazakov, A
Magee, JW
Kroenlein, K
Abdulagatov, I
Frenkel, M
AF Diky, Vladimir
Chirico, Robert D.
Muzny, Chris D.
Kazakov, Andrei
Magee, Joseph W.
Kroenlein, Kenneth
Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin
Frenkel, Michael
TI NIST ThermoData Engine: Data expert system for thermophysical properties
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei; Magee, Joseph W.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM diky@nist.gov
RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009
OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 336-COMP
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302273
ER
PT J
AU Emanuel, GA
Kuriabova, T
Carpenter, AE
Betterton, MD
Perkins, TT
AF Emanuel, George A.
Kuriabova, Tatiana
Carpenter, Amanda E.
Betterton, M. D.
Perkins, Thomas T.
TI Accommodating drift in hidden Markov analysis of single-molecule data
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Emanuel, George A.; Carpenter, Amanda E.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Emanuel, George A.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Kuriabova, Tatiana; Carpenter, Amanda E.; Betterton, M. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM George.Emanuel@Colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 488-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306271
ER
PT J
AU Ervens, B
AF Ervens, Barbara
TI Effects of chemical processes on clouds and particulate matter in the
troposphere
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov
RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013
OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 212-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378305879
ER
PT J
AU Ervens, B
AF Ervens, Barbara
TI Impacts of aerosol composition on properties of warm and cold clouds
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ervens, Barbara] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov
RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013
OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 161-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302435
ER
PT J
AU Esenturk, EN
Walker, AH
AF Esenturk, Emren Nalbant
Walker, Angela Hight
TI Magnetic property integrated gold nanostars
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Esenturk, Emren Nalbant] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
[Esenturk, Emren Nalbant; Walker, Angela Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM emren@metu.edu.tr
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 571-INOR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378304285
ER
PT J
AU Feely, RA
AF Feely, Richard A.
TI Ocean acidification and climate change in the oceans
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.
EM Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 7-SCHB
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307468
ER
PT J
AU Ghosh, B
Papanastasiou, DK
Talukdar, RK
Roberts, J
Burkholder, JB
AF Ghosh, Buddhadeb
Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.
Talukdar, Ranajit K.
Roberts, James
Burkholder, James B.
TI Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) photochemistry: Temperature dependent UV-VIS
absorption spectra and O(P-3) photolysis quantum yields at 193 nm and
248 nm
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Roberts, James; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM buddhadeb.ghosh@noaa.gov
RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 420-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306202
ER
PT J
AU Gilman, JW
Zammarano, M
Maupin, PH
Sung, LP
McCarthy, ED
Kim, YS
Fox, DM
AF Gilman, Jeffrey W.
Zammarano, Mauro
Maupin, Paul H.
Sung, Li-Piin
McCarthy, Edward D.
Kim, Yeon S.
Fox, Douglas M.
TI Extent and quality of interface in Cellulose-PE nanocomposites using
FRET
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Zammarano, Mauro; Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA.
[Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Chem Sci Geosci & Biosci Div, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC USA.
[Zammarano, Mauro; Kim, Yeon S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Zammarano, Mauro; McCarthy, Edward D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sung, Li-Piin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jwgilman@nist.gov
RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 665-POLY
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307377
ER
PT J
AU Graus, M
Eller, A
Fall, R
Yuan, B
Qian, YL
Westra, P
de Gouw, J
Warneke, C
AF Graus, Martin
Eller, Allyson
Fall, Ray
Yuan, Bin
Qian, Yaling
Westra, Philip
de Gouw, Joost
Warneke, Carsten
TI Comparison of VOC emissions from conventional and alternative biofuel
crops
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Graus, Martin; Eller, Allyson; Fall, Ray; de Gouw, Joost; Warneke, Carsten] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost; Warneke, Carsten] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Eller, Allyson] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fall, Ray] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Yuan, Bin] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Qian, Yaling] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Westra, Philip] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM martin.graus@noaa.gov
RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Eller, Allyson/I-7021-2012
OI Eller, Allyson/0000-0003-3125-5658
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 205-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300321
ER
PT J
AU Hayes, PL
Ortega, AM
Cubison, MJ
Hu, WW
Toohey, DW
Flynn, JH
Grossberg, N
Lefer, BL
Alvarez, S
Rappengluck, B
Allan, JD
Holloway, JS
Massoli, P
Froyd, KD
Murphy, SM
Liu, JM
Weber, RJ
Jimenez, JL
AF Hayes, Patrick L.
Ortega, Amber M.
Cubison, Michael J.
Hu, Weiwei
Toohey, Darin W.
Flynn, James H.
Grossberg, Nicole
Lefer, Barry L.
Alvarez, Sergio
Rappengluck, Bernhard
Allan, James D.
Holloway, John S.
Massoli, Paola
Froyd, Karl D.
Murphy, Shane M.
Liu, Jiumeng
Weber, Rodney J.
Jimenez, Jose L.
TI Aerosol composition in Los Angeles during the 2010 CalNex campaign
studied by high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Hayes, Patrick L.; Ortega, Amber M.; Cubison, Michael J.; Hu, Weiwei; Holloway, John S.; Froyd, Karl D.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hayes, Patrick L.; Cubison, Michael J.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ortega, Amber M.; Toohey, Darin W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hu, Weiwei] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Flynn, James H.; Grossberg, Nicole; Lefer, Barry L.; Alvarez, Sergio; Rappengluck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA.
[Allan, James D.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Holloway, John S.; Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Shane M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA.
[Massoli, Paola] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Liu, Jiumeng; Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM PatrickLewisHayes@gmail.com
RI Liu, Jiumeng/K-2024-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012
OI Liu, Jiumeng/0000-0001-7238-593X; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 427-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302712
ER
PT J
AU Hudson, MR
Brown, CM
Queen, WL
AF Hudson, Matthew R.
Brown, Craig M.
Queen, Wendy L.
TI Hydrogen storage properties of copper and silver exchanged zeolite
SSZ-13
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.; Queen, Wendy L.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM matt.hudson@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 364-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303285
ER
PT J
AU Jang, Y
Seo, J
Akgun, B
Satija, S
Char, K
AF Jang, Yeongseon
Seo, Jooyeon
Akgun, Bulent
Satija, Sushil
Char, Kookheon
TI Effect of molecular interactions on the release mechanism of multilayer
films
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Jang, Yeongseon; Seo, Jooyeon; Char, Kookheon] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
[Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jys0419@snu.ac.kr
RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 337-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301754
ER
PT J
AU Kelly, JY
Albert, JNL
Howarter, JA
Kang, SH
Stafford, CM
Epps, TH
Fasolka, MJ
AF Kelly, Jennifer Y.
Albert, Julie N. L.
Howarter, John A.
Kang, Shuhui
Stafford, Christopher M.
Epps, Thomas H., III
Fasolka, Michael J.
TI Investigation of thermally responsive block copolymer thin film
morphology using gradient libraries
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Kelly, Jennifer Y.; Howarter, John A.; Kang, Shuhui; Stafford, Christopher M.; Fasolka, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Albert, Julie N. L.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM jennifer.kelly@nist.gov
RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 174-PMSE
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306469
ER
PT J
AU Lee, YJ
Fagan, JA
Cicerone, MT
AF Lee, Young Jong
Fagan, Jeffrey A.
Cicerone, Marcus T.
TI Phonon dynamics of single-wall carbon nanotubes using time-resolved
coherent/incoherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM yjlee@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 20-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378305865
ER
PT J
AU Lee, YJ
Aamer, KA
Cicerone, MT
Vega, S
Moghe, PV
AF Lee, Young Jong
Aamer, Khaled A.
Cicerone, Marcus T.
Vega, Sebastian
Moghe, Prabhas V.
TI Broadband CARS microscopy for label-free chemical detection of stem cell
differentiation
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Aamer, Khaled A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Vega, Sebastian; Moghe, Prabhas V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM yjlee@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 165-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378305827
ER
PT J
AU Lu, JW
Fiegland, LR
Davis, ED
Alexander, WA
Wagner, A
Gandour, R
Morris, JR
AF Lu, Jessica W.
Fiegland, Larry R.
Davis, Erin D.
Alexander, William A.
Wagner, Alec
Gandour, Richard
Morris, John R.
TI Reaction dynamics of ozone with unsaturated organic surfaces: Energy
exchange, accomodation, and direct reactions
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Lu, Jessica W.; Fiegland, Larry R.; Davis, Erin D.; Alexander, William A.; Wagner, Alec; Gandour, Richard; Morris, John R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Fiegland, Larry R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fiegland, Larry R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM JessicaWLu@gmail.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 64-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302790
ER
PT J
AU Ma, HR
Dittmer, PJ
Jimenez, R
Palmer, AE
AF Ma, Hairong
Dittmer, Philip J.
Jimenez, Ralph
Palmer, Amy E.
TI Developing new sensors to probe Zn2+ activity in mammalian cells
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ma, Hairong; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ma, Hairong; Dittmer, Philip J.; Jimenez, Ralph; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM hma@jilau1.colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 247-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306021
ER
PT J
AU MacCuspie, RI
Rogers, K
Patra, M
Suo, ZY
Allen, AJ
Martin, MN
Hackley, VA
AF MacCuspie, Robert I.
Rogers, Kim
Patra, Manomita
Suo, Zhiyong
Allen, Andrew J.
Martin, Matthew N.
Hackley, Vincent A.
TI Overcoming challenges for physical characterization of silver
nanoparticles in environmentally relevant waters
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Allen, Andrew J.; Martin, Matthew N.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rogers, Kim; Patra, Manomita; Suo, Zhiyong] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov
RI Martin, Matthew/N-1154-2015
OI Martin, Matthew/0000-0002-6323-4096
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 363-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302649
ER
PT J
AU MacCuspie, RI
Gorham, JM
Holbrook, RD
Fairbrother, DH
Akaige, N
Navarro, DA
Aga, DS
Banerjee, S
Sohn, M
Sharma, VK
Chinnapongse, SL
Hackley, VA
AF MacCuspie, Robert I.
Gorham, Justin M.
Holbrook, R. David
Fairbrother, D. Howard
Akaige, Nelson
Navarro, Divina A.
Aga, Diana S.
Banerjee, Sarbajit
Sohn, Mary
Sharma, Virender K.
Chinnapongse, Stephanie L.
Hackley, Vincent A.
TI Towards predicting the environmental persistence and transformations of
silver nanoparticles
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Gorham, Justin M.; Holbrook, R. David; Chinnapongse, Stephanie L.; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fairbrother, D. Howard] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Akaige, Nelson; Sohn, Mary; Sharma, Virender K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Navarro, Divina A.; Aga, Diana S.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
EM robert.maccuspie@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 141-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301552
ER
PT J
AU Mansfield, E
Sebby, K
Hooker, S
AF Mansfield, Elisabeth
Sebby, Karl
Hooker, Stephanie
TI Analytical methods for determining nanoparticle purity and the presence
of nanoparticle surface coatings
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Sebby, Karl; Hooker, Stephanie] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov
RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012
OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 321-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301737
ER
PT J
AU McCarthy, ED
Gilman, JW
Zammarano, M
Kim, YS
Maupin, PH
AF McCarthy, Edward D.
Gilman, Jeffrey W.
Zammarano, Mauro
Kim, Yeon S.
Maupin, Paul H.
TI Characterization of green poly(lactic acid)-layered double hydroxide
system having both linear and crosslinked polymer structure
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [McCarthy, Edward D.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Zammarano, Mauro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Sci Res, Germantown, MD 20874 USA.
[Kim, Yeon S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edward.mccarthy@nist.gov
RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 667-POLY
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307379
ER
PT J
AU Miles, N
Lauvaux, T
McGowan, L
Richardson, S
Sarmiento, D
Davis, K
Turnbull, J
Sweeney, C
Cambaliza, M
Shepson, P
AF Miles, Natasha
Lauvaux, Thomas
McGowan, Laura
Richardson, Scott
Sarmiento, Daniel
Davis, Kenneth
Turnbull, Jocelyn
Sweeney, Colm
Cambaliza, Maria
Shepson, Paul
TI Tower-based greenhouse gas measurements and flux estimates in an urban
environment
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Miles, Natasha; Lauvaux, Thomas; McGowan, Laura; Richardson, Scott; Sarmiento, Daniel; Davis, Kenneth] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Cambaliza, Maria; Shepson, Paul] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem & Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Turnbull, Jocelyn; Sweeney, Colm] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM nmiles@meteo.psu.edu
RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 419-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302704
ER
PT J
AU Murphy, DM
Froyd, K
AF Murphy, Daniel M.
Froyd, Karl
TI Single particle analysis of the interaction of anthropogenic and natural
aerosol species
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Murphy, Daniel M.; Froyd, Karl] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Froyd, Karl] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235;
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 104-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378305762
ER
PT J
AU Nowak, JB
Neuman, JA
Bahreini, R
Middlebrook, A
Brock, CA
Frost, GJ
Holloway, JS
McKeen, SA
Peischl, J
Pollack, IB
Roberts, JM
Ryerson, TB
Trainer, M
Parrish, DD
AF Nowak, John B.
Neuman, J. Andrew
Bahreini, Roya
Middlebrook, Ann
Brock, Charles A.
Frost, Gregory J.
Holloway, John S.
McKeen, Stuart A.
Peischl, Jeff
Pollack, Ilana B.
Roberts, James M.
Ryerson, Thomas B.
Trainer, Michael
Parrish, David D.
TI Airborne observations of ammonia emissions from agricultural sources and
their implications for ammonium nitrate formation in California
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Bahreini, Roya; Frost, Gregory J.; Holloway, John S.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Peischl, Jeff; Pollack, Ilana B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann; Brock, Charles A.; Frost, Gregory J.; Holloway, John S.; McKeen, Stuart A.; Peischl, Jeff; Pollack, Ilana B.; Roberts, James M.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Trainer, Michael; Parrish, David D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM john.nowak@noaa.gov
RI Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway,
John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen,
Stuart/H-9516-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594;
Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 231-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300348
ER
PT J
AU Ortega, AM
Cubison, MJ
Hayes, PL
Brune, WH
Hu, WW
Flynn, JH
Grossberg, N
Lefer, BL
Alvarez, S
Rappengluck, B
Welsh-Bon, D
Graus, M
Warneke, C
Gilman, J
Kuster, W
de Gouw, J
Sullivan, AP
Jimenez, JL
AF Ortega, Amber M.
Cubison, Michael J.
Hayes, Patrick L.
Brune, William H.
Hu, Weiwei
Flynn, James H.
Grossberg, Nicole
Lefer, Barry L.
Alvarez, Sergio
Rappengluck, Bernhard
Welsh-Bon, Daniel
Graus, Martin
Warneke, Carsten
Gilman, Jessica
Kuster, William
de Gouw, Joost
Sullivan, Amy P.
Jimenez, Jose L.
TI Real-time measurements from a photooxidation flow reactor using
high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry from FLAME-3 and CalNex-LA
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ortega, Amber M.; Cubison, Michael J.; Hayes, Patrick L.; Hu, Weiwei; Welsh-Bon, Daniel; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica; Kuster, William; de Gouw, Joost; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ortega, Amber M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Cubison, Michael J.; Hayes, Patrick L.; Welsh-Bon, Daniel; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Hu, Weiwei] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Flynn, James H.; Grossberg, Nicole; Lefer, Barry L.; Alvarez, Sergio; Rappengluck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA.
[Welsh-Bon, Daniel; Graus, Martin; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica; Kuster, William; de Gouw, Joost] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Sullivan, Amy P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM amber.ortega@colorado.edu
RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Jimenez,
Jose/A-5294-2008; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012
OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847;
Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 312-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302600
ER
PT J
AU Oxford, GAE
Chaka, AM
AF Oxford, Gloria A. E.
Chaka, Anne M.
TI Insights into manganese oxide surface chemistry: A DFT investigation
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Oxford, Gloria A. E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gloria.oxford@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 71-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301891
ER
PT J
AU Ozturk, F
AF Ozturk, Fatma
TI Comparison of air quality parameters of six different stations in Turkey
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Bolu, Turkey.
Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
EM Fatma.Ozturk@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 311-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302599
ER
PT J
AU Paik, DH
Perkins, TT
AF Paik, Daniel H.
Perkins, Thomas T.
TI Overstretching DNA at 65 pN does not require peeling from free ends or
nicks
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Paik, Daniel H.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Celluar & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM paikd@jilau1.colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 553-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306338
ER
PT J
AU Perkins, TT
AF Perkins, Thomas T.
TI Precision force spectroscopy: A new window on the dynamics of unfolding
and refolding of membrane proteins
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perkins, Thomas T.] CU Boulder, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 339-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306120
ER
PT J
AU Poling, CM
Mansfield, E
AF Poling, Christopher M.
Mansfield, Elisabeth
TI Nanomaterial characterization via elevated temperature QCM
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Poling, Christopher M.; Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM polingc@boulder.nist.gov
RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012
OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 38-ANYL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300592
ER
PT J
AU Queen, WL
Brown, CM
Hudson, MR
AF Queen, Wendy L.
Brown, Craig M.
Hudson, Matthew R.
TI Physical aspects of hydrogen adsorption in microporous materials
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.; Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM wendy.queen@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 361-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303282
ER
PT J
AU Ravishankara, AR
AF Ravishankara, A. (Ravi) R.
TI Same heterogeneous reaction, different outcomes
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ravishankara, A. (Ravi) R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM A.R.Ravishankara@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 333-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306114
ER
PT J
AU Ro, HW
Soles, CL
AF Ro, Hyun Wook
Soles, Christopher L.
TI Effect of thin films and confinement on thermal nanoimprint lithography
patterning
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM christopher.soles@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 238-PMSE
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306537
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, JM
VandenBoer, TC
Brown, SB
Dube, WP
Wagner, N
Young, C
Brock, CA
Middlebrook, A
Bahreini, R
Veres, PR
Cochran, AK
Warneke, C
Graus, M
de Gouw, JA
Burling, IR
Yokelson, RJ
AF Roberts, James M.
VandenBoer, Trevor C.
Brown, Steven B.
Dube, William P.
Wagner, Nicholas
Young, Cora
Brock, Charles A.
Middlebrook, Ann
Bahreini, Roya
Veres, Patrick R.
Cochran, Anthony K.
Warneke, Carsten
Graus, Martin
de Gouw, Joost A.
Burling, Ian R.
Yokelson, Robert J.
TI Measurements of isocyanic acid (HNCO) from agricultural burning
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Roberts, James M.; Brown, Steven B.; Brock, Charles A.; Middlebrook, Ann] NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada.
[Dube, William P.; Wagner, Nicholas; Young, Cora; Bahreini, Roya; Warneke, Carsten; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Veres, Patrick R.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Cochran, Anthony K.] NOAA ISET, N Carolina A&T, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA.
[Burling, Ian R.; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
EM James.M.Roberts@noaa.gov
RI VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Dube,
William/I-1658-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Yokelson,
Robert/C-9971-2011
OI VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Veres,
Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087;
Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 228-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300344
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, PH
Benkstein, KD
Semancik, S
AF Rogers, Phillip H.
Benkstein, Kurt D.
Semancik, Steve
TI Tailoring microsensor-array composition and operation for biomarkers in
simulated exhaled breath
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rogers, Phillip H.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM phillip.rogers@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 84-TOXI
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307552
ER
PT J
AU Rogers, PH
Semancik, S
AF Rogers, Phillip H.
Semancik, Steve
TI Thermal enhancement of target selectivity and sensitivity in electronic
nose technology
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Rogers, Phillip H.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM phillip.rogers@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 150-ANYL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300507
ER
PT J
AU Roscioli, JR
Ziemkiewicz, MP
Gisler, AW
Nelson, D
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Roscioli, Joseph R.
Ziemkiewicz, Michael P.
Gisler, Andrew W.
Nelson, Daniel
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Non-equilibrium collision dynamics at the gas-liquid interface with
quantum state resolution
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Roscioli, Joseph R.; Nelson, Daniel; Nesbitt, David J.] JILA NIST, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ziemkiewicz, Michael P.; Gisler, Andrew W.] JILA NIST, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM djn@jila.colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 83-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302010
ER
PT J
AU Shepson, PB
Cambaliza, M
Davis, K
Gurney, K
Lauvaux, T
Richardson, N
Richardson, S
Sweeney, C
Turnbull, J
AF Shepson, Paul B.
Cambaliza, Maria
Davis, Ken
Gurney, Kevin
Lauvaux, Thomas
Richardson, Natasha
Richardson, Scott
Sweeney, Colm
Turnbull, Jocelyn
TI Indianapolis flux experiment (INFLUX): Experiment design and new results
regarding measurements of urban-area CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Shepson, Paul B.; Cambaliza, Maria] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Davis, Ken; Lauvaux, Thomas; Richardson, Natasha; Richardson, Scott] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Gurney, Kevin] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA.
[Sweeney, Colm; Turnbull, Jocelyn] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, ESRL Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Grp, Boulder, CO USA.
EM pshepson@purdue.edu
RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 418-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302703
ER
PT J
AU Solomon, S
AF Solomon, Susan
TI Enduring challenges of ozone depletion and climate change: How planetary
chemistry is changing science and society
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Solomon, Susan] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Solomon, Susan] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM ssolomon@frii.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 27-CASW
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300856
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, CM
Chung, JY
Lee, JH
AF Stafford, Christopher M.
Chung, Jun Young
Lee, Jung-Hyun
TI Characterizing the mechanical properties and degradation of thin polymer
membranes
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Stafford, Christopher M.; Chung, Jun Young; Lee, Jung-Hyun] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.stafford@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 499-POLY
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307202
ER
PT J
AU Stafford, CM
Johnson, PM
Yoon, J
Lee, JH
Howarter, JA
Chung, JY
AF Stafford, Christopher M.
Johnson, Peter M.
Yoon, Joonsung
Lee, Jung-Hyun
Howarter, John A.
Chung, Jun Young
TI Measurement strategies for thin polymer membranes used in water
purification
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Stafford, Christopher M.; Johnson, Peter M.; Yoon, Joonsung; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Howarter, John A.; Chung, Jun Young] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
EM chris.stafford@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 156-PMSE
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306451
ER
PT J
AU Stephenson, RM
Blouin, GC
Walker, ARH
AF Stephenson, Rachel M.
Blouin, George C.
Walker, Angela R. Hight
TI Probing the polymer-surface interface at nanoparticle surfaces using
Raman spectroscopy
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Stephenson, Rachel M.; Blouin, George C.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM rachel.stephenson@nist.gov
RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009
OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 225-PHYS
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378305893
ER
PT J
AU Sung, LP
Pang, YY
Watson, SS
AF Sung, Lipiin
Pang, Yongyan
Watson, Stephanie S.
TI Linking degree of filler dispersion to photodegradation rate in a
NanoTiO(2)- latex coating: An accelerated weathering study
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Sung, Lipiin; Pang, Yongyan; Watson, Stephanie S.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lipiin@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 41-PMSE
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378306613
ER
PT J
AU Tans, PP
AF Tans, Pieter P.
TI Current and future forcing of climate change by emissions of CO2
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Tans, Pieter P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Pieter.Tans@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 6-SCHB
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307467
ER
PT J
AU Thornton, JA
Riedel, T
Bertram, TH
Ryder, O
Liu, S
Russell, L
Wagner, N
Williams, EJ
Lerner, B
Brown, SS
Quinn, PK
Bates, T
AF Thornton, Joel A.
Riedel, Theran
Bertram, Timothy H.
Ryder, Olivia
Liu, Shang
Russell, Lynn
Wagner, Nicholas
Williams, Eric J.
Lerner, Brian
Brown, Steven S.
Quinn, Patricia K.
Bates, Timothy
TI Towards reconciling N2O5 reactivity, product yields, and ambient aerosol
composition
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Thornton, Joel A.; Riedel, Theran] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Bertram, Timothy H.; Ryder, Olivia] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
[Liu, Shang; Russell, Lynn] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA.
EM thornton@atmos.uw.edu
RI Liu, Shang/F-9085-2011; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016
OI Liu, Shang/0000-0002-3403-8651;
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 27-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302553
ER
PT J
AU Tsai, DH
DelRio, F
Keene, A
Tyner, K
MacCuspie, R
Cho, TJ
Zachariah, M
Hackley, V
AF Tsai, De-Hao
DelRio, Frank
Keene, Athena
Tyner, Katherine
MacCuspie, Robert
Cho, Tae Joon
Zachariah, Michael
Hackley, Vincent
TI Adsorption and conformation of serum albumin protein on gold
nanoparticles investigated using dimensional measurements and in situ
spectroscopic methods
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; DelRio, Frank; MacCuspie, Robert; Cho, Tae Joon; Zachariah, Michael; Hackley, Vincent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Keene, Athena; Tyner, Katherine] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM dhtsai@nist.gov
RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012
OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 287-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301702
ER
PT J
AU Tsai, DH
Elzey, S
DelRio, F
Keene, A
Tyner, K
Clogston, J
Zheng, JW
MacCuspie, R
Cho, TJ
Guha, S
Zachariah, M
Hackley, V
AF Tsai, De-Hao
Elzey, Sherrie
DelRio, Frank
Keene, Athena
Tyner, Katherine
Clogston, Jeffrey
Zheng, Jiwen
MacCuspie, Robert
Cho, Tae Joon
Guha, Suvajyoti
Zachariah, Michael
Hackley, Vincent
TI Characterization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein conjugation on
gold nanoparticles
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Elzey, Sherrie; DelRio, Frank; MacCuspie, Robert; Cho, Tae Joon; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael; Hackley, Vincent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Keene, Athena; Tyner, Katherine] Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res Food & Drug Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Clogston, Jeffrey; Zheng, Jiwen] SAIC Frederick Inc, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM sherrie.elzey@nist.gov
RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012
OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 249-COLL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378301664
ER
PT J
AU Tsai, DH
Davila-Morris, M
DelRio, F
Guha, S
Zachariah, M
Hackley, V
AF Tsai, De-Hao
Davila-Morris, Melissa
DelRio, Frank
Guha, Suvajyoti
Zachariah, Michael
Hackley, Vincent
TI Quantitative determination of competitive molecular adsorption on gold
nanoparticles using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Davila-Morris, Melissa; DelRio, Frank; Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael; Hackley, Vincent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Zachariah, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM dhtsai@nist.gov
RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012
OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 121-ANYL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300476
ER
PT J
AU Turnbull, J
Karion, A
Fischer, M
Faloona, I
Guilderson, T
Lehman, S
Miller, B
Miller, JB
Montzka, S
Sherwood, T
Sarapalli, S
Sweeney, C
Tans, P
AF Turnbull, Jocelyn
Karion, Anna
Fischer, Marc
Faloona, Ian
Guilderson, Tom
Lehman, Scott
Miller, Benjamin
Miller, John B.
Montzka, Steve
Sherwood, Tom
Sarapalli, Suman
Sweeney, Colm
Tans, Pieter
TI Measurement of fossil fuel derived carbon dioxide and other
anthropogenic trace gases above Sacramento, California in Spring 2009
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Turnbull, Jocelyn; Karion, Anna; Miller, Benjamin; Miller, John B.; Montzka, Steve; Sweeney, Colm; Tans, Pieter] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Turnbull, Jocelyn; Karion, Anna; Lehman, Scott; Miller, Benjamin; Miller, John B.; Montzka, Steve; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Fischer, Marc] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Faloona, Ian] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Guilderson, Tom] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Sherwood, Tom; Sarapalli, Suman] KalScott Engn Inc, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA.
EM jocelyn.turnbull@colorado.edu
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 417-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302702
ER
PT J
AU VandenBoer, TC
Markovic, MZ
Veres, P
Vaca, P
Cochran, A
Ellis, R
Murphy, JG
Bahreini, R
Ozturk, F
Middlebrook, AM
Warneke, C
de Gouw, J
Roberts, JM
AF VandenBoer, Trevor C.
Markovic, Milos Z.
Veres, Patrick
Vaca, Pat
Cochran, Anthony
Ellis, Raluca
Murphy, Jennifer G.
Bahreini, Roya
Ozturk, Fatma
Middlebrook, Ann M.
Warneke, Carsten
de Gouw, Joost
Roberts, James M.
TI HCl surface measurements during CalNex and vertical profiles during
NACHTT: Implications of partitioning thermodynamics, acid displacement
and chlorine activation through heterogeneous chemistry
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Markovic, Milos Z.; Ellis, Raluca; Murphy, Jennifer G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
[VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Veres, Patrick; Bahreini, Roya; Ozturk, Fatma; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost; Roberts, James M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Vaca, Pat] Calif Air Resources Board, Air Qual Surveillance Branch, Sacramento, CA USA.
[Cochran, Anthony] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC USA.
EM tvandenb@chem.utoronto.ca
RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Warneke,
Carsten/E-7174-2010
OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; VandenBoer,
Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237;
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 144-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302416
ER
PT J
AU Verdal, N
Udovic, TJ
Rush, JJ
Cappelletti, RL
Zhou, W
AF Verdal, Nina
Udovic, Terrence J.
Rush, John J.
Cappelletti, Ronald L.
Zhou, Wei
TI Hydrogen dynamics of the dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate crystals
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.; Cappelletti, Ronald L.; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rush, John J.; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM nina.verdal@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 418-FUEL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303343
ER
PT J
AU Verwolf, A
AF Verwolf, Adrian
TI Metrology development for characterizing early-stage permeation through
barrier membranes
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Verwolf, Adrian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM verwolf@boulder.nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 111-ANYL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300466
ER
PT J
AU Wang, DB
Roll, M
Zeiger, D
Ye, J
Lin-Gibson, S
AF Wang, Dongbo
Roll, Mark
Zeiger, Diana
Ye, Jing
Lin-Gibson, Sheng
TI Measuring a mechanical response during collagen mineralization
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Wang, Dongbo; Roll, Mark; Zeiger, Diana; Ye, Jing; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dongbo.wang@nist.gov
RI Roll, Mikael/J-7426-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 56-GEOC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303477
ER
PT J
AU Warneke, C
de Gouw, JA
Nowak, JB
Peischl, J
AF Warneke, Carsten
de Gouw, Joost A.
Nowak, John B.
Peischl, Jeff
TI Volatile organic compound emissions from agriculture in Central Valley,
California
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Nowak, John B.; Peischl, Jeff] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.; Nowak, John B.; Peischl, Jeff] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Carsten.Warneke@noaa.gov
RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 184-AGRO
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378300297
ER
PT J
AU Waxman, E
Ervens, B
Volkamer, R
AF Waxman, Eleanor
Ervens, Barbara
Volkamer, Rainer
TI Aqueous aerosol phase glyoxal chemistry resulting in the formation of
secondary organic aerosol: Testing laboratory evidence with field data
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Waxman, Eleanor; Volkamer, Rainer] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ervens, Barbara; Volkamer, Rainer] CIRES, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM eleanor.waxman@colorado.edu
RI Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Waxman, Eleanor/K-4527-2013; Volkamer,
Rainer/B-8925-2016
OI Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Waxman,
Eleanor/0000-0001-5045-8149; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 191-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302467
ER
PT J
AU Widegren, JA
Bruno, TJ
AF Widegren, Jason A.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Enhanced thermal stability of kerosene fuels: Decomposition kinetics
with hydrogen donor additives
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jason.widegren@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 103-IEC
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378303562
ER
PT J
AU Widegren, JA
Bruno, TJ
AF Widegren, Jason A.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Fundamental measurements to support aerosol modeling: Vapor pressures of
terpene derivatives
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jason.widegren@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 421-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302706
ER
PT J
AU Widegren, JA
Bruno, TJ
AF Widegren, Jason A.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Concatenated gas saturation method for the reliable measurement of low
vapor pressures: Secondary organic aerosol formers, fire retardants, and
biodiesel esters
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Widegren, Jason A.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jason.widegren@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 365-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302651
ER
PT J
AU Young, CJ
Washenfelder, RA
Brown, SS
Gilman, JB
Kuster, WC
Veres, P
Stark, H
Roberts, JM
VandenBoer, TC
Flynn, J
Lefer, B
Grossberg, N
Alvarez, S
Rappenglueck, B
Griffith, S
Dusanter, S
Stevens, P
Mielke, LH
Osthoff, HD
Cochran, AK
Pikelnaya, O
Tsai, C
Stutz, J
Afif, C
Michoud, V
Doussin, JF
Borbon, A
AF Young, Cora J.
Washenfelder, Rebecca A.
Brown, Steven S.
Gilman, Jessica B.
Kuster, William C.
Veres, Patrick
Stark, Harald
Roberts, James M.
VandenBoer, Trevor C.
Flynn, James
Lefer, Barry
Grossberg, Nicole
Alvarez, Sergio
Rappenglueck, Bernhard
Griffith, Stephen
Dusanter, Sebastien
Stevens, Philip
Mielke, Levi H.
Osthoff, Hans D.
Cochran, Anthony K.
Pikelnaya, Olga
Tsai, Catalina
Stutz, Jochen
Afif, Charbel
Michoud, Vincent
Doussin, Jean-Francois
Borbon, Agnes
TI Heterogeneous radical production from HONO formation: Analysis of data
from Los Angeles and Colorado
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Young, Cora J.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Veres, Patrick; Stark, Harald] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Young, Cora J.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Brown, Steven S.; Gilman, Jessica B.; Kuster, William C.; Veres, Patrick; Stark, Harald; Roberts, James M.; VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
[Flynn, James; Lefer, Barry; Grossberg, Nicole; Alvarez, Sergio; Rappenglueck, Bernhard] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA.
[Griffith, Stephen; Dusanter, Sebastien; Stevens, Philip] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Bloomington, IN USA.
[Mielke, Levi H.; Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Cochran, Anthony K.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC USA.
[Pikelnaya, Olga; Tsai, Catalina; Stutz, Jochen] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
[Afif, Charbel; Michoud, Vincent; Doussin, Jean-Francois; Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris 12, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France.
[Afif, Charbel] Univ St Joseph, Dept Chem, Lebanon, NH USA.
EM cora.young@noaa.gov
RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Kuster,
William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Lefer,
Barry/B-5417-2012
OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; VandenBoer,
Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman,
Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 26-ENVR
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378302542
ER
PT J
AU Zeiger, DN
Miles, WC
Eidelman, N
Lin-Gibson, S
AF Zeiger, Diana N.
Miles, William C.
Eidelman, Naomi
Lin-Gibson, Sheng
TI Polymer directed biomineralization
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Zeiger, Diana N.; Miles, William C.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM slgibson@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 621-POLY
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378307331
ER
PT J
AU Zeissler, CJ
Lindstrom, AP
Davis, J
AF Zeissler, Cynthia J.
Lindstrom, Abigail P.
Davis, Jeff
TI Radioanalytical measurements of individual dust particles and
populations to assess laboratory background and environmental levels
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS)
CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011
CL Denver, CO
SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS)
C1 [Zeissler, Cynthia J.; Lindstrom, Abigail P.; Davis, Jeff] NIST, Dept Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cynthia.zeissler@nist.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 242
MA 33-NUCL
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 880BE
UT WOS:000299378304809
ER
PT J
AU Siderius, DW
Gelb, LD
AF Siderius, Daniel W.
Gelb, Lev D.
TI Extension of the Steele 10-4-3 potential for adsorption calculations in
cylindrical, spherical, and other pore geometries
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PATH-INTEGRAL SIMULATIONS; SIZE
CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SLIT PORES;
MCM-41; MODEL; NITROGEN; EQUILIBRIUM
AB Simplified fluid-substrate interaction models derived from the Lennard-Jones potential are widely used in the simulation of gas physisorption phenomena. In this paper, we reinterpret the well known Steele 10-4-3 potential for a gas molecule interacting with a planar surface, and use the resultant scheme to derive new potentials for cylindrical and spherical pore geometries. These new potentials correctly recover the Steele result in the limit of infinite pore radius, a useful improvement over existing models. We demonstrate the new cylindrical Steele 10-4-3 potential in calculations of argon adsorption via fluid density functional theory. This potential yields markedly different adsorption behavior than existing cylindrical potentials, which follow from small but significant differences in both the strength and the shape of the fluid-surface interaction. These differences cannot be fully reconciled simply by reparameterizing (scaling) the existing models; the new potential is more realistic in design, and is especially to be preferred in studies where comparison with planar substrates is made. Finally, we discuss extensions of this approach to more complicated pore geometries, yielding a family of Steele-like potentials that all satisfy the correct planar limit. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3626804]
C1 [Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gelb, Lev D.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
RP Siderius, DW (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.siderius@nist.gov; lev.gelb@utdallas.edu
FU American Chemical Society [44674-AC10]; U.S. Army Research Office [DURIP
W911NF-07-1-0253]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0626008];
National Research Council
FX This work was supported by the44674-AC10 American Chemical Society
Petroleum Research Fund (44674-AC10), the U.S. Army Research Office
(DURIP W911NF-07-1-0253), and the National Science Foundation (NSF)
(CHE-0626008). D. W. S. acknowledges the financial support from a
National Research Council postdoctoral research associateship at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
NR 41
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD AUG 28
PY 2011
VL 135
IS 8
AR 084703
DI 10.1063/1.3626804
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 814VG
UT WOS:000294484700064
PM 21895210
ER
PT J
AU Venaille, A
Le Sommer, J
Molines, JM
Barnier, B
AF Venaille, A.
Le Sommer, J.
Molines, J. -M.
Barnier, B.
TI Stochastic variability of oceanic flows above topography anomalies
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARGENTINE BASIN; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; MODEL
AB We describe a stochastic variability mechanism which is genuinely internal to the ocean, i.e., not due to fluctuations in atmospheric forcing. The key ingredient is the existence of closed contours of bottom topography surrounded by a stirring region of enhanced eddy activity. This configuration leads to the formation of a robust but highly variable vortex above the topography anomaly. The vortex dynamics integrates the white noise forcing of oceanic eddies into a red noise signal for the large scale volume transport of the vortex. The strong interannual fluctuations of the transport of the Zapiola anticyclone (similar to 100 Sv) in the Argentine basin are argued to be partly due to such eddy-driven stochastic variability, on the basis of a 310 years long simulation of a comprehensive global ocean model run driven by a repeated-year forcing. Citation: Venaille, A., J. Le Sommer, J.-M. Molines, and B. Barnier (2011), Stochastic variability of oceanic flows above topography anomalies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L16611, doi:10.1029/2011GL048401.
C1 [Venaille, A.] GFDL, AOS, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Venaille, A.; Le Sommer, J.; Molines, J. -M.; Barnier, B.] Univ Grenoble, LEGI, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France.
RP Venaille, A (reprint author), GFDL, AOS, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM venaille@princeton.edu; julien.lesommer@hmg.inpg.fr;
jeanmarc.molines@hmg.inpg.fr; bernard.barnier@hmg.inpg.fr
RI Le Sommer, Julien/B-9869-2013; Barnier, Bernard/F-2400-2016
OI Le Sommer, Julien/0000-0002-6882-2938; Barnier,
Bernard/0000-0002-7539-2542
FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the Ocean Surface
Topography Science Team (OST/ST); Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU);
Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis (GMMC); European Commission
[FP7-SPACE-2007-1-CT-218812-MYOCEAN]; DoE [DE-SC0005189]; NOAA
[NA08OAR4320752]
FX This work is a contribution of the Drakkar project, which is supported
by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the Ocean
Surface Topography Science Team (OST/ST), by the Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Institut National des Sciences de
l'Univers (INSU), the Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis (GMMC). Partial
support of the European Commission under Grant Agreement
FP7-SPACE-2007-1-CT-218812-MYOCEAN is also gratefully acknowledged. The
model simulation was performed at CINES (Montpellier, France) as part of
the "Grands Challenges GENCI/CINES 2008" and benefited from the
technical expertise of Nicole Audiffren. JLS, JMM and BB are supported
by the CNRS. AV was supported by DoE grant DE-SC0005189 and NOAA grant
NA08OAR4320752 during part of this work. We thank Isaac Held for
suggesting the analogy with the atmosphere, as well as David P. Marshall
and Wilbert Weijer for their constructive review. The diagnostics
presented in this letter are inspired from a poster presented by Chris
W. Hughes at the European Geophysical Union General Assembly 2008 under
reference EGU2008-A-06866.
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 27
PY 2011
VL 38
AR L16611
DI 10.1029/2011GL048401
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 813LQ
UT WOS:000294368500004
ER
PT J
AU Xia, M
Xie, L
Pietrafesa, LJ
Whitney, MM
AF Xia, Meng
Xie, Lian
Pietrafesa, Leonard J.
Whitney, Michael M.
TI The ideal response of a Gulf of Mexico estuary plume to wind forcing:
Its connection with salt flux and a Lagrangian view
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID BUOYANT COASTAL DISCHARGE; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
NUMERICAL-MODEL; BAY; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; OUTFLOW; WATERS; OCEAN
AB The plume structure of Perdido Bay Estuary (PBE), a typical bay on the Florida-Alabama coast along the Gulf of Mexico, was simulated using an existing calibrated model. To better understand plume dynamics in the PBE and similar bay systems, idealized sensitivity experiments were conducted to examine the influence of wind stress on the 3-D plume signature: the results indicate that wind speed and direction significantly influence plume orientation, area, width, length, and depth. The plume size was reduced under the effect of wind and increased wind forcing. Among wind-forced cases, the plume is largest for northerly (offshore) winds and smallest for southerly (onshore) winds. Bay-shelf salt flux and water flux were also investigated, since they are important for the formation of a 3-D plume structure. Model simulations show that water outflow to the coastal ocean is strongest under northerly winds and can be stopped by southerly winds. For moderately strong winds, the outflow and plume size are larger for easterly downwelling-favorable winds than for westerly upwelling-favorable winds; the opposite is true for outflow and plume size for these two wind directions under stronger winds. For all wind directions, the ratio of salt flux and water flux at the bay mouth increases with wind speed. This ratio trend is consistent with higher outflow salinities, and this decreased buoyancy signature, along with more energetic vertical mixing, reduces plume size. A detailed understanding of this water and salt flux is essential to the plume dynamics studied here and for other plumes. Additional particle transport analysis using variable wind forcing was conducted to determine the influence of the plume on particle movement. The results showed a consistency between the surface plume, salt flux, and particle transport and illustrate the strong effects that winds have on particle fate and dispersion.
C1 [Xia, Meng] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
[Xia, Meng] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Xie, Lian; Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Pietrafesa, Leonard J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29528 USA.
[Whitney, Michael M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA.
RP Xia, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA.
EM mxia@umes.edu
FU NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Environmental Laboratory
(GLERL)
FX Michael M. Whitney brought the idea to link water flux with plume
dynamics to initiate this work. No funding supported this work, as all
modeling activities were carried out at the Cooperative Institute for
Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan. We
acknowledge the support of NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research
Environmental Laboratory (GLERL) for the consistent support and the
encouragement from David Schwab. The authors appreciate the detailed
editorial suggestions made by two anonymous reviewers. This is GLERL
contribution 1592.
NR 43
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD AUG 27
PY 2011
VL 116
AR C08035
DI 10.1029/2010JC006689
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 813KI
UT WOS:000294365100002
ER
PT J
AU Zabotin, N
Bullett, T
AF Zabotin, Nikolay
Bullett, Terence
TI Spatial effects of HF multiple scattering in the ionosphere:
Experimental observations
SO RADIO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOM IRREGULARITIES; COLLISION FREQUENCY; MAGNETIZED PLASMA;
RADIO-WAVES; F-REGION; LAYER; DIAGNOSTICS; RADIATION
AB The theory of multiple scattering of MF/HF radio waves by intermediate-scale (0.1-5 km) ionospheric irregularities predicts a very distinctive distribution of the relative integral intensity of a signal reflected from the ionosphere in the vicinity of a ground-based transmitter. It is significantly reduced within a distance of about several tens of kilometers. A ring of enhancement occurs at a greater distance. At still larger distances from the transmitter, effects of multiple scattering are weakened and the integral intensity returns to its undisturbed value. While there are experimental confirmations of the "anomalous attenuation" effect near the transmitter location, no attempt has yet been made to track the intensity features at the larger distances. This paper presents results of the first experimental campaign of this kind that was conducted in September-November 2009 in and around Boulder, CO. The results obtained confirm that significant deviations from the predictions of geometrical optics occur, and these deviations are in general agreement with the theory of multiple scattering in the ionosphere.
C1 [Zabotin, Nikolay; Bullett, Terence] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Zabotin, Nikolay] Univ Colorado, ECEE, CET, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bullett, Terence] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Zabotin, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 425 UCB Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM nikolay.zabotin@gmail.com
RI Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015
OI Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082
FU NSF [ATM-0737625]
FX This project has been supported by NSF through ATM-0737625 award. The
authors appreciate the assistance of L. Zabotina in conducting
experiments, of G. Zhbankov in performing ray tracing calculations, and
of J. W. Wright in assembling initial version of the mobile setup.
Numerical calculations for this project were performed using
high-performance computational facilities of the National Center for
Atmospheric Research. An RF-shielded room facility of the CU
Boulder/NOAA's Center for Environmental Technologies has been used.
NR 30
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0048-6604
J9 RADIO SCI
JI Radio Sci.
PD AUG 27
PY 2011
VL 46
AR RS4009
DI 10.1029/2011RS004645
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications
GA 813KE
UT WOS:000294364600002
ER
PT J
AU Ault, AP
Williams, CR
White, AB
Neiman, PJ
Creamean, JM
Gaston, CJ
Ralph, FM
Prather, KA
AF Ault, Andrew P.
Williams, Christopher R.
White, Allen B.
Neiman, Paul J.
Creamean, Jessie M.
Gaston, Cassandra J.
Ralph, F. Martin
Prather, Kimberly A.
TI Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MINERAL DUST; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; AIR-POLLUTION; MIXED-PHASE; CLOUD
MICROPHYSICS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; WATER-VAPOR; ICE NUCLEI; AEROSOL; PARTICLES
AB Aerosols impact the microphysical properties of clouds by serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). By modifying cloud properties, aerosols have the potential to alter the location and intensity of precipitation, but determining the magnitude and reproducibility of aerosol-induced changes to precipitation remains a significant challenge to experimentalists and modelers. During the CalWater Early Start campaign (22 February to 11 March 2009), a uniquely comprehensive set of atmospheric chemistry, precipitation, and meteorological measurements were made during two extratropical cyclones. These two storms showed enhanced integrated water vapor concentrations and horizontal water vapor transports due to atmospheric river conditions and, together, produced 23% of the annual precipitation and 38% of the maximum snowpack at California's Central Sierra Snow Lab (CSSL). Precipitation measurements of insoluble residues showed very different chemistry occurring during the two storms with the first one showing mostly organic species from biomass burning, whereas the second storm showed a transition from biomass burning organics to the dominance of Asian dust. As shown herein, the dust was transported across the Pacific during the second storm and became incorporated into the colder high-altitude precipitating orographic clouds over the Sierra Nevada. The second storm produced 1.4 times as much precipitation and increased the snowpack by 1.6 times at CSSL relative to the first storm. As described in previous measurement and modeling studies, dust can effectively serve as ice nuclei, leading to increased riming rates and enhanced precipitation efficiency, which ultimately can contribute to differences in precipitation. Future modeling studies will help deconvolute the meteorological, microphysical, and aerosol factors leading to these differences and will use CalWater's meteorological and aerosol observations to constrain the model-based interpretations. The ultimate goal of such combined efforts is to use the results to improve aerosol-cloud impacts on precipitation in regional climate models.
C1 [Ault, Andrew P.; Creamean, Jessie M.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Williams, Christopher R.; White, Allen B.; Neiman, Paul J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Gaston, Cassandra J.; Prather, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Ault, AP (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov; kprather@ucsd.edu
RI Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Ault,
Andrew/E-4594-2011;
OI Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; Williams,
Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Ault, Andrew/0000-0002-7313-8559;
Creamean, Jessie/0000-0003-3819-5600
FU California Energy Commission [UCOP/CIEE C-09-07]; U.S. Department of
Energy
FX Funding was provided by the California Energy Commission under contract
UCOP/CIEE C-09-07. A.P. Ault has been funded in part by a U.S.
Department of Energy Global Change Education Program Graduate Research
Environmental Fellowship. J. Mayer, M. Zauscher, and M. Moore provided
assistance with UCSD/SIO equipment setup. The deployment of the NOAA and
UCSD/SIO equipment at the Sugar Pine site involved many field staff,
particularly C. King (NOAA/ESRL/PSD). C. Johnson (UCSD) assisted with
FLEXPART model calculations. Annette Walker and Ming Liu of Naval
Research Laboratories provided the dust source region information from
the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS).
NR 63
TC 33
Z9 34
U1 4
U2 46
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 26
PY 2011
VL 116
AR D16205
DI 10.1029/2010JD015351
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 813LR
UT WOS:000294368600001
ER
EF