FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Pease, DM Frenkel, AI Krayzman, V Huang, T Shanthakumar, P Budnick, JI Metcalf, P Chudnovsky, FA Stern, EA AF Pease, D. M. Frenkel, A. I. Krayzman, V. Huang, T. Shanthakumar, P. Budnick, J. I. Metcalf, P. Chudnovsky, F. A. Stern, E. A. TI X-ray absorption and diffraction studies of the mixed-phase state of (CrxV1-x)(2)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; V2O3; SPECTRA; FLUORESCENCE; CRYSTALS AB X-ray diffraction and vanadium x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data have been obtained for (V1-xCrx)(2)O-3 samples containing several concentrations of Cr, crossing the metal-insulator transition boundary. For single-phase single-crystal samples our theoretical results are generally in good qualitative agreement with our experimental single-crystal XANES, for both crystal orientations relative to the incident-beam electric vector. However, an anomalous peak occurs for both orientations in the K pre-edge of the single-crystal sample containing 1.2% Cr, a paramagnetic insulator sample that is in the concentration regime corresponding to the room-temperature two-phase (coexistence) region of the phase diagram. Upon increasing the temperature of the 0.4% Cr powdered material to 400 K so that one enters the two-phase region of the phase diagram, a similar peak appears and then diminishes at 600 K. These results, as well as experiments done by others involving room-temperature and low-temperature XANES of a 1.1% Cr sample, suggest that this feature in the V pre-edge structure is associated with the appearance under some circumstances of a small amount of highly distorted VO6 octahedra in the interface region between coexisting metal and insulating phases. Finally, we find that, for the two-phase regime, the concentration ratio of the metal-to-insulating phase varies between different regions from a sample batch of uniform composition made by the skull melting method. C1 [Pease, D. M.; Huang, T.; Shanthakumar, P.; Budnick, J. I.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Frenkel, A. I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Krayzman, V.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krayzman, V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Metcalf, P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chudnovsky, F. A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Stern, E. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Pease, DM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM pease@ims.uconn.edu; anatoly.frenkel@yu.edu; victor.krayzman@nist.gov RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG05ER36184, W-31-109-Eng-38]; Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of Department of Energy; NSERC of Canada; University Washington; Simon Fraser University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Institute of Materials Science (I.M.S.) of the University of Connecticut FX The authors acknowledge support by the US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG05ER36184. The NSLS is supported by the Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of Department of Energy. PNC/XOR is supported by the US Department of Energy, NSERC of Canada, University Washington, Simon Fraser University, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. We appreciate the support of the Institute of Materials Science (I.M.S.) of the University of Connecticut, and are grateful to J. Gromek of I.M.S. for his expert assistance with the laboratory x-ray equipment. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 18 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 8 AR 085105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.085105 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 723CY UT WOS:000287485000001 ER PT J AU Dorman, JG Powell, TM Sydeman, WJ Bograd, SJ AF Dorman, Jeffrey G. Powell, Thomas M. Sydeman, William J. Bograd, Steven J. TI Advection and starvation cause krill (Euphausia pacifica) decreases in 2005 Northern California coastal populations: Implications from a model study SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PTYCHORAMPHUS-ALEUTICUS; CURRENT SYSTEM; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; BIOLOGY; WIND; PREY; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY AB A decrease in krill abundance during 2005 in regions of the California Current has been hypothesized to have had immediate (seabird) and long-term (salmon) negative impacts on upper trophic level predators. We use a suite of coupled models to examine the population biology and spatial and temporal distribution of the krill species Euphausia pacifica during the winter/spring of 2001, a "normal" year, and 2005, an "anomalous" year, to determine if this hypothesis is supported mechanistically. Ocean conditions were simulated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), which forced an individual-based model parameterized to simulate the population biology of E. pacifica. Poleward transport during winter 2005 advected particles north of Cape Mendocino, away from seabirds and salmon feeding in the Gulf of the Farallons region. Few of the particles that were advected north in 2005 returned to their region of release throughout the model run time (200 days). Moreover, the "condition" of those particles remaining within the domain was poor in 2005, with greater mortality from starvation and a decreased mean particle weight. Our results indicate that both physical processes (anomalous northern advection) and biological processes (greater starvation and less weight per individual) contributed to reduced krill availability to predators in the northern California region during 2005, and that the productivity and survival of seabirds and salmonids is dependent on krill during critical life history stages. Citation: Dorman, J. G., T. M. Powell, W. J. Sydeman, and S. J. Bograd (2011), Advection and starvation cause krill (Euphausia pacifica) decreases in 2005 Northern California coastal populations: Implications from a model study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04605, doi:10.1029/2010GL046245. C1 [Dorman, Jeffrey G.; Powell, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Dorman, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, 3060 VLSB 3140, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU California Sea Grant; Ocean Protection Council [OPC-ENV-07]; NSF [0929017, OCE-0435574]; NASA [NNX09AU39G]; California Energy Commission FX This work was supported by California Sea Grant and Ocean Protection Council Project OPC-ENV-07, NSF grant 0929017, NASA grant NNX09AU39G, NSF grant OCE-0435574, and the California Energy Commission: Public Interest Energy Research-Biological Impacts of Climate Change in California Program. We are indebted to Hal Batchelder for his initial development of the POPCYCLE model and allowing us to use this model for our purposes and to the ROMS developers and community for their efforts creating ROMS, maintaining and improving the code, and making it accessible to the scientific community. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 17 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L04605 DI 10.1029/2010GL046245 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 723QK UT WOS:000287521700007 ER PT J AU Frankenberg, C Aben, I Bergamaschi, P Dlugokencky, EJ van Hees, R Houweling, S van der Meer, P Snel, R Tol, P AF Frankenberg, C. Aben, I. Bergamaschi, P. Dlugokencky, E. J. van Hees, R. Houweling, S. van der Meer, P. Snel, R. Tol, P. TI Global column-averaged methane mixing ratios from 2003 to 2009 as derived from SCIAMACHY: Trends and variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; SATELLITE; SPACE; EMISSIONS AB After a decade of stable or slightly decreasing global methane concentrations, ground-based in situ data show that CH4 began increasing again in 2007 and that this increase continued through 2009. So far, space-based retrievals sensitive to the lower troposphere in the time period under consideration have not been available. Here we report a long-term data set of column-averaged methane mixing ratios retrieved from spectra of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument onboard Envisat. The retrieval quality after 2005 was severely affected by degrading detector pixels within the methane 2v(3) absorption band. We identified the most crucial problems in SCIAMACHY detector degradation and overcame the problem by applying a strict pixel mask as well as a new dark current characterization. Even though retrieval precision after the end of 2005 is invariably degraded, consistent methane retrievals from 2003 through 2009 are now possible. Regional time series in the Sahara, Australia, tropical Africa, South America, and Asia show the methane increase in 2007-2009, but we cannot yet draw a firm conclusion concerning the origin of the increase. Tropical Africa even seems to exhibit a negative anomaly in 2006, but an impact from changes in SCIAMACHY detector degradation cannot be excluded yet. Over Assakrem, Algeria, we observed strong similarities between SCIAMACHY measurements and ground-based data in deseasonalized time series. We further show long-term SCIAMACHY xCH(4) averages at high spatial resolution that provide further insight into methane variations on regional scales. The Red Basin in China exhibits, on average, the highest methane abundance worldwide, while other localized features such as the Sudd wetlands in southern Sudan can also be identified in SCIAMACHY xCH(4) averages. C1 [Frankenberg, C.; Aben, I.; van Hees, R.; Houweling, S.; van der Meer, P.; Snel, R.; Tol, P.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bergamaschi, P.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Houweling, S.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Frankenberg, C (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM christian.frankenberg@jpl.nasa.gov RI Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013 OI Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857 FU Dutch Science Foundation (NWO); European Commission [037048]; GEOMON [036677]; GEMS-IP [SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; European Union [FP7/2007-2013, 218793]; European Commission; Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) FX CF was mostly supported by the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) through a VENI grant. We acknowledge John Burrows, PI of the SCIAMACHY instrument, for having initiated and realized the SCIAMACHY project. The Netherlands SCIAMACHY Data Center and ESA are greatly appreciated for providing data. We thank Wouter Peters for providing CarbonTracker results and A. Segers, C. Schrijvers, O. Tuinder, and A. Gloudemans for providing ECMWF data collocated with SCIAMACHY. We acknowledge the European Commission for supporting the Sixth Framework Programme project HYMN (contract 037048) and GEOMON (contract 036677), GEMS-IP (contract SIP4-CT-2004-516099). We further acknowledge exchange of information within the EU 6th FP Network of Excellence ACCENT. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 218793. Part of the research was funded through the EU's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 218793 (MACC). We further acknowledge the source of EDGAR data: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)/Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL); Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), release version 4.0 (http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu), 2009. We thank and honor Annemieke NR 28 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 17 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D04302 DI 10.1029/2010JD014849 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 723QA UT WOS:000287520700003 ER PT J AU Yang, ES Christopher, SA Kondragunta, S Zhang, XY AF Yang, Eun-Su Christopher, Sundar A. Kondragunta, Shobha Zhang, Xiaoyang TI Use of hourly Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) fire emissions in a Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for improving surface particulate matter predictions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN AEROSOL RESEARCH; SMOKE FORECASTING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; VERIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; PM2.5; FINE; MASS AB Large changes in surface-level PM2.5 concentrations and columnar aerosol optical thickness (AOT) were observed downwind of fires that originated in Georgia and Florida during the April-May 2007 period. In order to quantify the impacts of these wildfires on particulate matter air quality, Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) simulations were conducted by adding hourly fire emissions derived from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagers. The simulations include ambient aerosols by accounting for background emissions using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model. The impacts of fire emissions are obtained by comparing the CMAQ simulations with and without fire emissions. Overall, the CMAQ-derived PM2.5 reproduces the major smoke transport features of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) AOT, but is systematically lower than the ground-based observations of PM2.5 mass concentrations during the fires. An increase of the satellite-derived fire emissions improves the simulated magnitude of PM2.5 concentrations. We also show that the disagreement between the CMAQ predictions and ground-based observations during the high PM2.5 episodes occurs when the predicted position of fire plume is not accurately located. The smoke position error grows more rapidly due to drift behavior of model wind error, so the position error dominates the accuracy of site-specific CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. C1 [Yang, Eun-Su; Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Christopher, Sundar A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha; Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoyang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. RP Yang, ES (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Ctr, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM yes@nsstc.uah.edu RI Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 FU NOAA at University of Alabama in Huntsville FX This research was sponsored by NOAA Air Quality projects at University of Alabama in Huntsville. MODIS data were obtained from Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). PM2.5 data were obtained from EPA's Air Quality System (AQS). NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 17 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D04303 DI 10.1029/2010JD014482 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 723QA UT WOS:000287520700001 ER PT J AU Katz, SL Hampton, SE Izmest'eva, LR Moore, MV AF Katz, Stephen L. Hampton, Stephanie E. Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Moore, Marianne V. TI Influence of Long-Distance Climate Teleconnection on Seasonality of Water Temperature in the World's Largest Lake - Lake Baikal, Siberia SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ASIAN WINTER MONSOON; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; DECEMBER 1974; EASTERN ASIA; COLD SURGES; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC AB Large-scale climate change is superimposed on interacting patterns of climate variability that fluctuate on numerous temporal and spatial scales-elements of which, such as seasonal timing, may have important impacts on local and regional ecosystem forcing. Lake Baikal in Siberia is not only the world's largest and most biologically diverse lake, but it has exceptionally strong seasonal structure in ecosystem dynamics that may be dramatically affected by fluctuations in seasonal timing. We applied time-frequency analysis to a near-continuous, 58-year record of water temperature from Lake Baikal to examine how seasonality in the lake has fluctuated over the past half century and to infer underlying mechanisms. On decadal scales, the timing of seasonal onset strongly corresponds with deviation in the zonal wind intensity as described by length of day (LOD); on shorter scales, these temperature patterns shift in concert with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Importantly, the connection between ENSO and Lake Baikal is gated by the cool and warm periods of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Large-scale climatic phenomena affecting Siberia are apparent in Lake Baikal surface water temperature data, dynamics resulting from jet stream and storm track variability in central Asia and across the Northern Hemisphere. C1 [Katz, Stephen L.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA. [Hampton, Stephanie E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.] Irkutsk State Univ, Sci Res Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Moore, Marianne V.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02181 USA. RP Katz, SL (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA. EM steve.katz@noaa.gov OI Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0072909, DEB-0528531]; Wellesley College FX The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the National Science Foundation (#DEB-0072909) on the University of California Santa Barbara campus, hosted the Lake Baikal Working Group. Wellesley College and NSF (#DEB-0528531) supported additional translation and technical help. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 2 AR e14688 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014688 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 721YC UT WOS:000287392700005 PM 21359207 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Uimin, MA AF Skripov, A. V. Udovic, T. J. Rush, J. J. Uimin, M. A. TI A neutron scattering study of hydrogen dynamics in coarse-grained and nanostructured ZrCr2H3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID LAVES-PHASE-COMPOUNDS; REACTION-KINETICS; DIFFUSION; MOTION; TRANSITION; ORDER; MG AB The vibrational spectra of hydrogen and parameters of H diffusion in the coarse-grained C15-type system ZrCr2H3 and in nanostructured ZrCr2H3 have been studied by means of inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering. It is found that the diffusive motion of hydrogen in coarse-grained ZrCr2H3 can be described in terms of at least two jump processes: a fast localized H motion with the jump rate tau(-1)(l) over the hexagons formed by interstitial Zr2Cr2 sites and a slower process with the rate tau(-1)(d) associated with H jumps leading to long-range diffusion. While tau(-1)(d) (T) in the range 250-380 K follows the Arrhenius law with the activation energy of 142 +/- 4 meV, the temperature dependence of tau(-1)(l) deviates from Arrhenius behavior. The nanostructured ZrCr2H3 samples prepared by ball milling consist of C15-type grains and strongly distorted (amorphous-like) regions. H atoms in the strongly distorted regions are found to be immobile on the time scale of our experiments. The microscopic picture of H jump motion in the C15-type grains of the nanostructured samples is similar to that in coarse-grained ZrCr2H3; however, the ball milling leads to a considerable decrease in the jump rate tau(-1)(d). C1 [Skripov, A. V.; Uimin, M. A.] Acad Sci, Urals Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. [Udovic, T. J.; Rush, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rush, J. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Acad Sci, Urals Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Uimin, Mikhail/K-1319-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Uimin, Mikhail/0000-0003-3906-8101; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Russian Academy of Sciences; NIST Center for Neutron Research FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. This work was also supported by the Priority Program 'Basics of Development of Energy Systems and Technologies' of the Russian Academy of Sciences. AVS acknowledges financial support from the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 6 AR 065402 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/23/6/065402 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 711XE UT WOS:000286624000009 ER PT J AU Johansen, D Jeffries, CMJ Hammouda, B Trewhella, J Goldenberg, DP AF Johansen, Daniel Jeffries, Cy M. J. Hammouda, Boualem Trewhella, Jill Goldenberg, David P. TI Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on an Intrinsically Disordered Protein Characterized by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering with Contrast Matching SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; REDUCED RIBONUCLEASE-A; LAMBDA N PROTEIN; UNFOLDED PROTEINS; STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY; NMR STRUCTURE; IN-VIVO; STABILITY; STATE; ANTITERMINATION AB Small-angle neutron scattering was used to examine the effects of molecular crowding on an intrinsically disordered protein, the N protein of bacteriophage lambda, in the presence of high concentrations of a small globular protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). The N protein was labeled with deuterium, and the D2O concentration of the solvent was adjusted to eliminate the scattering contrast between the solvent and unlabeled BPTI, leaving only the scattering signal from the unfolded protein. The scattering profile observed in the absence of BPTI closely matched that predicted for an ensemble of random conformations. With BPTI added to a concentration of 65 mg/mL, there was a clear change in the scattering profile representing an increase in the mass fractal dimension of the unfolded protein, from 1.7 to 1.9, as expected if crowding favors more compact conformations. The crowding protein also inhibited aggregation of the unfolded protein. At 130 mg/mL BPTI, however, the fractal dimension was not significantly different from that measured at the lower concentration, contrary to the predictions of models that treat the unfolded conformations as convex particles. These results are reminiscent of the behavior of polymers in concentrated melts, suggesting that these synthetic mixtures may provide useful insights into the properties of unfolded proteins under crowding conditions. C1 [Johansen, Daniel; Goldenberg, David P.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Trewhella, Jill] Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Jeffries, Cy M. J.; Trewhella, Jill] Univ Sydney, Sch Mol Biosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Hammouda, Boualem] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldenberg, DP (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM goldenberg@biology.utah.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Trewhella, Jill/0000-0002-8555-6766; /0000-0002-8718-7343 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [MCB-0749464]; Australian Research Council [DP0770631]; University of Sydney; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (No. MCB-0749464 to D.P.G.) and the Australian Research Council Discovery Project Scheme (No. DP0770631 to J.T.), as well as an International Visiting Research Fellowship from the University of Sydney to D.P.G. SANS measurements at the NIST Center for Neutron Research were supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 53 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 25 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 16 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1120 EP 1128 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.01.020 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 725CY UT WOS:000287624000040 PM 21320458 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL Samarov, DV AF Rukhin, Andrew L. Samarov, Daniel V. TI Limit of detection determination for censored samples SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Confidence bounds; Critical level; Decision limit; Heteroscedasticity; Maximum likelihood estimator; Tolerance limits; Truncation parameter AB The problem of setting the limit of detection is considered for censored samples and heterogeneous errors. After formal definitions of the critical level and of the method detection limit, we obtain simplified maximum likelihood-type estimators. The estimation problem of the truncation parameter and its uncertainty are reviewed. Upper confidence bounds for the limit of detection are derived and some simulation results are given. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.; Samarov, Daniel V.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov; daniel.samarov@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 105 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2011.01.001 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 740TY UT WOS:000288818500006 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Enfield, DB Wang, CZ AF Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David B. Wang, Chunzai TI Future Impact of Differential Interbasin Ocean Warming on Atlantic Hurricanes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CIRCULATION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; HEMISPHERE; RAINFALL; TRENDS; ENSO AB Global climate model simulations forced by future greenhouse warming project that the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warms at a slower rate than the tropical Indo-Pacific in the twenty-first century, consistent with their projections of a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Here, an atmospheric general circulation model is used to advance a consistent physical rationale that the suppressed warming of the TNA increases the vertical wind shear and static stability aloft in the main development region (MDR) for Atlantic hurricanes, and thus decreases overall Atlantic hurricane activity in the twenty-first century. A carefully designed suite of model experiments illustrates that the preferential warming of the tropical Indo-Pacific induces a global average warming of the tropical troposphere, via a tropical teleconnection mechanism, and thus increases atmospheric static stability and decreases convection over the suppressed warming region of the TNA. The anomalous diabatic cooling, in turn, forces the formation of a stationary baroclinic Rossby wave northwest of the forcing region, consistent with Gill's simple model of tropical atmospheric circulations, in such a way as to induce a secular increase of the MDR vertical wind shear. However, a further analysis indicates that the net effect of future greenhouse warming on the MDR vertical wind shear is less than the observed multidecadal swing of the MDR vertical wind shear in the twentieth century. Thus, it is likely that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation will still play a decisive role over the greenhouse warming in the fate of Atlantic hurricane activity throughout the twenty-first century under the assumption that the twenty-first-century changes in interbasin SST difference, projected by the global climate model simulations, are accurate. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation [ATM-0850897] FX We wish to thank the two anonymous reviewers, Eui-Seok Chung, Anthony Broccoli, Brian Mapes, Ben Kirtman, and Frank Marks for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office and by the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0850897). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agencies. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1264 EP 1275 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3883.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734AD UT WOS:000288304700019 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Narayan, K Fu, J Lefman, J Subramaniam, S AF Szakal, Christopher Narayan, Kedar Fu, Jing Lefman, Jonathan Subramaniam, Sriram TI Compositional Mapping of the Surface and Interior of Mammalian Cells at Submicrometer Resolution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOF-SIMS; SINGLE CELLS; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; LOCALIZATION; CHOLESTEROL; FIXATION; BORON; METHODOLOGY AB We present progress toward imaging of chemical species within intact mammalian cells using secondary ion mass spectrometry, including the simultaneous mapping of subcellular elemental and molecular species along with intrinsic membrane-specific cellular Markers. Results from imaging both the cell surface and cell interior exposed by site-specific focused ion beam milling demonstrate that in-plane resolutions of approximately 400-500 nm can be achieved. The results from mapping cell surface phosphatidylcholine and several other molecular ions present in the cells establish that spatially resolved chemical signatures of individual cells can be derived from novel multivariate analysis and classification of the molecular images obtained at different m/z ratios. The methods we present here for specimen preparation and chemical imaging of cell interiors provide the foundation for obtaining 3D molecular maps of unstained mammalian cells, with particular relevance for probing the subcellular distributions of small molecules, such as drugs and metabolites. C1 [Szakal, Christopher; Lefman, Jonathan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Narayan, Kedar; Fu, Jing; Subramaniam, Sriram] NCI, Cell Biol Lab, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Szakal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cszakal@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Fu, Jing/D-8512-2012; OI Fu, Jing/0000-0002-7752-5417 FU Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL) at NIST, Gaithersburg, MD; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; NIST and NIH FX This work was supported by the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL) at NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, and by the intramural program of the National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD. This research was performed while Jonathan Lefman held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST and NIH. The authors thank Dr. Keana Scott from NIST for her assistance in FIB milling and her valuable insights into the single cell imaging project, Dr. Andrew Konicek from NIST for additional algorithm development and manuscript editing, and Donald Bliss from the National Library of Medicine, NIH for creation of Figure 1f, which was also used as the table of content and abstract graphics. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1213 DI 10.1021/ac1030607 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 719CK UT WOS:000287176900010 PM 21268648 ER PT J AU Slaba, TC Blattnig, SR Badavi, FF Stoffle, NN Rutledge, RD Lee, KT Zapp, EN Dachev, TP Tomov, BT AF Slaba, Tony C. Blattnig, Steve R. Badavi, Francis F. Stoffle, Nicholas N. Rutledge, Robert D. Lee, Kerry T. Zapp, E. Neal Dachev, Tsvetan P. Tomov, Borislav T. TI Statistical validation of HZETRN as a function of vertical cutoff rigidity using ISS measurements SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HZETRN; Low Earth Orbit; Space radiation; International Space Station; Radiation shielding; Transport ID RADIATION; TRANSPORT; SPECTRA; SHUTTLE; BOARD; MODEL AB Measurements taken in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and transit vehicles have been extensively used to validate radiation transport models. Primarily, such comparisons were done by integrating measured data over mission or trajectory segments so that individual comparisons to model results could be made. This approach has yielded considerable information but is limited in its ability to rigorously quantify and differentiate specific model errors or uncertainties. Further, as exploration moves beyond LEO and measured data become sparse, the uncertainty estimates derived from these validation cases will no longer be applicable. Recent improvements in the underlying numerical methods used in HZETRN have resulted in significant decreases in code run time. Therefore, the large number of comparisons required to express error as a function of a physical quantity, like cutoff rigidity, are now possible. Validation can be looked at in detail over any portion of a flight trajectory (e.g. minute by minute) such that a statistically significant number of comparisons can be made. This more rigorous approach to code validation will allow the errors caused by uncertainties in the geometry models, environmental models, and nuclear physics models to be differentiated and quantified. It will also give much better guidance for future model development. More importantly, it will allow a quantitative means of extrapolating uncertainties in LEO to free space. In this work, measured data taken onboard the ISS during solar maximum are compared to results obtained with the particle transport code HZETRN. Comparisons are made at a large number (similar to 77,000) of discrete time intervals, allowing error estimates to be given as a function of cutoff rigidity. It is shown that HZETRN systematically underestimates exposure quantities at high cutoff rigidity. The errors are likely associated with increased angular variation in the geomagnetic field near the equator, the lack of pion production in HZETRN, and errors in high energy nuclear physics models, and will be the focus of future work. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Slaba, Tony C.; Blattnig, Steve R.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Badavi, Francis F.] Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Stoffle, Nicholas N.] Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rutledge, Robert D.] NOAA Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Kerry T.; Zapp, E. Neal] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Dachev, Tsvetan P.; Tomov, Borislav T.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. RP Slaba, TC (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov FU NASA [NNX09AR20A]; Advanced Capabilities Division (ACD) under the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) FX This research was sponsored by NASA Research grant NNX09AR20A and the Human Research Program (HRP) in the Advanced Capabilities Division (ACD) under the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and performed by members of the Measurements and Transport Codes project. The authors would like to thank John Nealy for helpful discussions in this work. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2010.10.021 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 722LG UT WOS:000287433100005 ER PT J AU Schlager, JB Sanford, NA Bertness, KA Roshko, A AF Schlager, John B. Sanford, Norman A. Bertness, Kris A. Roshko, Alexana TI Injection-level-dependent internal quantum efficiency and lasing in low-defect GaN nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; CARRIER LIFETIME; FREE GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RECOMBINATION; DYNAMICS; LIGHT; LASER AB Measurements of temperature-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) on individual GaN nanowires revealed PL lifetimes and values of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) that increased with excitation fluence. With sufficient injection levels, radiative recombination dominated within the nanowire temperature range of 75 K to 175 K, as indicated by the T(3/2) temperature dependence of the free-exciton PL lifetimes for this bulk material. The IQE was close to unity here. Free-carrier recombination became more significant as temperatures increased toward room temperature, but excitonic recombination remained important with ultrashort excitation pulse fluences as high as 190 mu J/cm(2). The IQE at room temperature fell to a value between 3% and 30% depending on the nature of the recombination, and, considering both excitonic and free-carrier recombination, the effective IQE was roughly 15%. Temperature-dependent measurements of lasing thresholds in optically pumped nanowires showed lower thresholds at temperatures where excitonic radiative recombination was strong, indicating a possible persistence of excitoniclike behavior with high injected carrier densities at temperatures below T = 170 K. [doi:10.1063/1.3553418] C1 [Schlager, John B.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.; Roshko, Alexana] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schlager, JB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM schlager@boulder.nist.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 4 AR 044312 DI 10.1063/1.3553418 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727OQ UT WOS:000287811100049 ER PT J AU Zhu, M McMichael, RD AF Zhu, M. McMichael, R. D. TI Effect of interactions on edge property measurements in magnetic multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DYNAMICS; MODES AB This paper reports effects of inter-film interactions on static and dynamic magnetization behavior at film edges in magnetic trilayer stripe arrays under transverse applied fields. The trilayers consist of two magnetic films of Ni(80)Fe(20), 10 nm and 20 nm thick that interact via dipolar fields across thin, nonmagnetic spacers from 1 nm to 20 nm thick. These trilayer films are patterned into stripe arrays by optical interference lithography. Ferromagnetic resonance spectra exhibit separate edge modes that are identified as excitation of edge modes primarily in one magnetic film or the other. When interlayer exchange is negligible, we observe several effects of dipolar edge-edge coupling including shifts of the edge saturation fields and changes in the mode intensity ratio relative to single-film edges. These interaction effects are reproduced by micromagnetic modeling and explained by simple models. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3553388] C1 [Zhu, M.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, M.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhu, M (reprint author), Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. EM meng.m.zhu@seagate.com RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter FX The authors acknowledge assistance from the staff of the NIST NanoFab. This work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 4 AR 043904 DI 10.1063/1.3553388 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 727OQ UT WOS:000287811100033 ER PT J AU Liu, X Garboczi, EJ Grigoriu, M Lu, Y Erdogan, ST AF Liu, X. Garboczi, E. J. Grigoriu, M. Lu, Y. Erdogan, Sinan T. TI Spherical harmonic-based random fields based on real particle 3D data: Improved numerical algorithm and quantitative comparison to real particles SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Shape; 3D; Spherical harmonics; Virtual particles ID SHAPE-ANALYSIS; TOMOGRAPHY; CONCRETE; CEMENT AB The shape of particles often plays an important role in how they are used and in the properties of composite systems in which they are incorporated. When building models of systems that include real particles, it is often of interest to generate new, virtual particles whose 3D shape statistics are based on the 3D shape statistics of a collection of real particles. A previous paper showed mathematically how this can be carried out, but only had a small set of real particle shape data to use and only made a limited amount of qualitative comparisons to the real particle data. The present paper shows how the numerical method used to create virtual particles has been improved and immensely accelerated, allowing the use of large particle datasets. Making use of several large particle shape datasets, the paper confirms that the algorithm creates particles whose statistical shape properties closely match the real particles from which they were generated. Another question that can now be addressed with these larger particle datasets is: how many real particles are enough to be representative of the particle class from which they were drawn? The types of particles analyzed include two size ranges of crushed granite-hornblende rocks, silica sand, calcium carbonate powder, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, X.; Garboczi, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grigoriu, M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lu, Y.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Erdogan, Sinan T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wang, Dingwen/B-7753-2012; Erdogan, Sinan/I-4880-2012 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 207 IS 1-3 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.10.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 722WW UT WOS:000287467000010 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ AF Garboczi, E. J. TI Three dimensional shape analysis of JSC-1A simulated lunar regolith particles SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lunar regolith particles; X-ray tomography; Spherical harmonic analysis ID LASER DIFFRACTION; FIB-NANOTOMOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-SURFACES; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SOIL SIMULANT; SIZE; TOMOGRAPHY; TOUGHNESS; MINERALS; CONCRETE AB The 3D shape of a fairly broad size range of the particles of the lunar regolith simulant JSC-1A was characterized. After wet screening with water, the size classes that were kept and investigated were: those retained on a 300 mu m ASTM screen, those passing the 300 mu m screen but retained on a 75 mu m screen, those passing the 75 mu m screen but retained on a 38 pm screen, and those passing the 38 mu m screen but retained on a 20 mu m screen. Samples of all four size fractions were embedded in epoxy and formed into cylindrical specimens. These specimens were scanned with X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). The resulting two dimensional (2D) slices were stacked into 3D microstructures. Particles were segmented and removed computationally. A total of 131 034 particles were found and used. Spherical harmonic coefficient expansions were then created for each particle, and the volume, surface area, dimensions (length L, width W and thickness T), integrated mean curvature, and principal moments of inertia were computed for each particle in 3D as well as a 3D VRML image of each particle analyzed. A projection algorithm was used to compute the apparent aspect ratio as would be seen by a 2D optical system. This report presents the 3D particle size and shape distributions for the various size classes using various 3D measures of particle size and shape and a comparison of 2D and 3D shape parameters. The data generated were also used to critique the shape of a model JSC-1A particle used in a discrete element modeling study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIST Sustainable Concrete Materials FX Thanks to Philip Metzger of the NASA Kennedy Space Center for supplying the JSC-1A material, for suggesting and encouraging this study, and for critical reading of the manuscript. Thanks also to John Winpigler of NIST for help preparing the samples and for doing the wet sieving. The partial support of the NIST Sustainable Concrete Materials research program is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 207 IS 1-3 BP 96 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.10.014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 722WW UT WOS:000287467000012 ER PT J AU Aaron, DS Borole, AP Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C AF Aaron, D. S. Borole, A. P. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Yiacoumi, S. Tsouris, C. TI Quantifying the water content in the cathode of enzyme fuel cells via neutron imaging SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Enzyme fuel cell; Neutron imaging; Laccase; Three-dimensional cathode; Water management ID LIQUID WATER; RADIOGRAPHY; PEMFC; AIR AB Neutron imaging was used to study cathode water content over time in a three dimensional-cathode enzyme fuel cell (EFC) A porous carbon felt cathode allowed air to flow through the electrode A solution with laccase and a mediator formed an aqueous layer on the electrode surface Water loss was observed in situ via neutron imaging for varying experimental conditions including flow rates of hydrogen and air cathode inlet humidity volume of enzyme solution and its composition Cathode water loss occurred for all experimental conditions but the loss rate was noticeably reduced when a high-salt-concentration enzyme solution was used in the cathode in conjunction with increased humidity in the air feed stream Results from neutron imaging and power density analysis wire used in analyzing the causes that could contribute to EFC water loss An increase in temperature due to the exothermic cathode reaction is considered a plausible cause of cathode water loss via evaporation This is the first reported application of neutron imaging as a technique to study EFC water management The results suggest that neutron imaging can be employed to provide a better understanding of EFC phenomena and thereby contribute to design and operational improvements of EFCs (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Aaron, D. S.; Yiacoumi, S.; Tsouris, C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Borole, A. P.; Tsouris, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016; OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X FU American Chemical Society - Green Chemistry Initiative at Georgia Institute of Technology; U S Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U S Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL; Director s office of NIST; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund - Green Chemistry Initiative at Georgia Institute of Technology EFC work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the U S Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 Neutron imaging was performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research The authors acknowledge Mr Eli Baltic of the NIST for technical assistance in carrying out the neutron radiography experiments This work was supported by the U S Department of Commerce the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division the Director s office of NIST the NIST Center for Neutron Research and the Department of Energy through Interagency Agreement No DE-AI01-01EE50660 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 4 SI SI BP 1769 EP 1775 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.095 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 702KO UT WOS:000285893400013 ER PT J AU Chiang, WC Musyl, MK Sun, CL Chen, SY Chen, WY Liu, DC Su, WC Yeh, SZ Fu, SC Huang, TL AF Chiang, Wei-Chuan Musyl, Michael K. Sun, Chi-Lu Chen, Shu-Ying Chen, Wen-Yie Liu, Don-Chung Su, Wei-Cheng Yeh, Su-Zan Fu, Shin-Chin Huang, Tzu-Lun TI Vertical and horizontal movements of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) near Taiwan determined using pop-up satellite tags SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Basking; Fisheries; Habitat; PSATs; Tagging; Temperature ID MARLIN TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; IMPROVING LIGHT; EASTERN TAIWAN; ARABIAN GULF; HABITAT AB Sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) are of substantial economic importance to Taiwan because of their seasonal abundance (April to October, with a peak from May to July) off the island's eastern coast. They are harvested by drift gill nets, set nets, harpoons, and as incidental bycatch by inshore longline fisheries. Although the biology of sailfish has been investigated in eastern Taiwan, there is a paucity of data on movement patterns. Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) were used to study the vertical and horizontal movements of three sailfish in 2008. The fish were tagged near the southeastern coast of Taiwan and linear displacements ranged from 1050 to 1400 km (similar to 40 km day(-1)) from deployment to pop-up locations and all movements were confined to the East China Sea. Sailfish spent 88% of their time in the upper uniform mixed layer above 50 m, but made more extensive vertical movements during the nighttime (x = 60.61 m +/- 48.24 SD) than daytime (x = 35.21 m +/- 35.37 SD). Depths and ambient water temperatures visited ranged from 0 to 214 m and 30.0 degrees to 17.8 degrees C, respectively. However in all cases, the depth distribution appeared primarily limited by an 8 degrees C change in water temperature. Diel diving patterns also suggested basking behavior. Sailfish behavior makes them particularly vulnerable to surface fishing gears. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Chi-Lu; Yeh, Su-Zan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Chiang, Wei-Chuan; Chen, Shu-Ying; Chen, Wen-Yie; Fu, Shin-Chin; Huang, Tzu-Lun] Fisheries Res Inst, Eastern Marine Biol Res Ctr, Chenkung 96143, Taitung, Taiwan. [Musyl, Michael K.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Liu, Don-Chung; Su, Wei-Cheng] Fisheries Res Inst, Chilung 20246, Taiwan. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, 1 Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw FU Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan [96AS-15.1.1-W-A4, 98AS-10.2.1-W-A1 (5), 99AS-10.2.1-W-A1(5)]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA37RJ0199, NA67RJ0154]; Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawaii FX We thank Mr. W.C. Wu, an owner of the set nets at eastern Taiwan, and his crew for their help in tagging and releasing sailfish. We also thank Chi H. Lam, University of Southern California, for providing help in the use of the sea surface temperature corrected (unscented) Kalman filter. In addition, we thank the following for their field assistance: Y.K. Chen, F.C. Lin, C.H. Tian, M.C. Lin, J.H. Pan, L.C. Tsai and H.H. Hsu. This study was partly funded by the Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan (grant nos. 96AS-15.1.1-W-A4, 98AS-10.2.1-W-A1 (5) and 99AS-10.2.1-W-A1(5)) and by Cooperative Agreements NA37RJ0199 and NA67RJ0154 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawaii. We thank R. Brill and D. Bernal for providing comments on an earlier draft. [RH] NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 397 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.11.018 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724BE UT WOS:000287550300007 ER PT J AU Dorval, E Piner, K Robertson, L Reiss, CS Javor, B Vetter, R AF Dorval, Emmanis Piner, Kevin Robertson, Larry Reiss, Christian S. Javor, Barbara Vetter, Russ TI Temperature record in the oxygen stable isotopes of Pacific sardine otoliths: Experimental vs. wild stocks from the Southern California Bight SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Otolith; Oxygen stable isotope; Sardine; Sardinops sagax; Southern California Bight ID FISH OTOLITHS; SAGAX; FRACTIONATION; CHEMISTRY; C-13; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; CARBONATE; LARVAE AB Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax) are commercially fished in Canada, USA, and Mexico along approximately 5000 km of coastal waters that experience a wide range of temperatures. Trinational management of the species can be problematic because the connectivity between spawning, recruitment, stock residency, and migration in some years may not be well predicted. Oxygen isotopic value of otoliths (delta O-18(otolith)) has been used to infer stock residency and movement of fish populations within regions, but few studies have used laboratory data to establish a predictive temperature model to validate delta O-18(otolith) values of wild fish. We conducted a growth experiment with juveniles at different temperatures using Southern California Bight (SCB) seawater to test the assumption that Pacific sardine otoliths accurately record environmental water temperature in the presence of constant salinity. Sardine delta O-18(otolith) values were significantly and negatively correlated with temperature according to the linear model: delta O-18(otolith)(parts per thousand)-delta O-18(water)(parts per thousand) = -0.132(+/- 0.003 SE) x Temperature(degrees C) + 2.455(+/- 0.043 SE) We used this model to predict the temperature history of wild age-1 sardine collected in the SCB from 1995 to 2003. The field samples generally fit the model of SCB residency when both the average coastal sea surface temperatures and temperatures at 30 m were used to bracket the range of calculated otolith temperatures. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorval, Emmanis; Piner, Kevin; Robertson, Larry; Reiss, Christian S.; Javor, Barbara; Vetter, Russ] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Javor, B (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3333 N Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Barbara.javor.@noaa.gov FU SWFSC; NOAA; NRC FX We thank Dr. Jay Kaufman (University of Maryland, Department of Geology, Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory) for his assistance with stable isotope analysis. We also thank the California Department of Fish and Game for providing field samples. Sam McClatchie, Jeff Seminoff and John Hyde of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center reviewed the manuscript before submission. This study was supported by the SWFSC, the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program, and a NRC Postdoctoral fellowship to E. Dorval. [ST] NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 397 IS 2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.11.024 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724BE UT WOS:000287550300008 ER PT J AU Min, HK McMichael, RD Miltat, J Stiles, MD AF Min, Hongki McMichael, R. D. Miltat, Jacques Stiles, M. D. TI Effects of disorder on magnetic vortex gyration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CORE; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; STATE; MOTION; FIELD AB A vortex gyrating in a magnetic disk has two regimes of motion in the presence of disorder. At large gyration amplitudes, the vortex core moves quasi-freely through the disorder potential. As the amplitude decreases, the core can become pinned at a particular point in the potential and precess with a significantly increased frequency. In the pinned regime, the amplitude of the gyration decreases more rapidly than it does at larger precession amplitudes in the quasi-free regime. In part, this decreased decay time is due to an increase in the effective damping constant and in part due to geometric distortion of the vortex. A simple model with a single pinning potential illustrates these two contributions. C1 [Min, Hongki; McMichael, R. D.; Miltat, Jacques; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Min, Hongki; Miltat, Jacques] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miltat, Jacques] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8502, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Min, HK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hmin@umd.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X; Min, Hongki/0000-0001-5043-2432 FU NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter FX The work has been supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. We thank Te-Yu Chen and Paul Crowell for useful discussions about the experiments. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 AR 064411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.064411 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 721OU UT WOS:000287365100004 ER PT J AU Small, C Elvidge, CD Balk, D Montgomery, M AF Small, Christopher Elvidge, Christopher D. Balk, Deborah Montgomery, Mark TI Spatial scaling of stable night lights SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Urban; Land cover; Night light; Landsat; Zipf; Power law; Scaling ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ZIPFS LAW; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; HUMAN-POPULATION; URBAN-GROWTH; CITY LIGHTS; DISTRIBUTIONS; CITIES; DENSITY AB City size distributions, defined on the basis of population, are often described by power laws. Zipf's Law states that the exponent of the power law for rank-size distributions of cities is near -1. Verification of power law scaling for city size distributions at continental and global scales is complicated by small sample sizes, inappropriate estimation techniques, inconsistent definitions of urban extent and variations in the accuracy and spatial resolution of census administrative units. We attempt to circumvent some of these complications by using a continuous spatial proxy for anthropogenic development and treat it as a spatial complement to population distribution. We quantify the linearity and exponent of the rank-size distribution of spatially contiguous patches of stable night light over a range of brightnesses corresponding to different intensities of development. Temporally stable night lights, as measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS), provide a unique proxy for anthropogenic development. Brightness and spatial extent of emitted light are correlated to population density (Sutton et al., 2001), built area density (Elvidge et al., 2007c) and economic activity (Doll et al., 2006; Henderson et al., 2009) at global scales and within specific countries. Using a variable brightness threshold to derive spatial extent of developed land area eliminates the complication of administrative definitions of urban extent and makes it possible to test Zipf's Law in the spatial dimension for a wide range of anthropogenic development. Higher brightness thresholds generally correspond to more intense development while lower thresholds extend the lighted area to include smaller settlements and less intensively developed pen-urban and agricultural areas. Using both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to estimate power law linearity and exponent of the resulting rank-size distributions across a range of upper tail cutoffs, we consistently find statistically significant exponents in the range -0.95 to -1.11 with an abrupt transition to very large, extensively connected, spatial networks of development near the low light detection limit of the sensor. This range of exponents and transition are observed at both continental and global scales. The results suggest that Zipf's Law also holds for spatial extent of anthropogenic development across a range of intensities at both continental and global scales. The implication is that the dynamics of urban growth and development may be represented as spatial phase transitions when the spatial extent and intensity of development are treated as continuous variables rather than discrete entities. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Small, Christopher] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CUNY, Baruch Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Balk, Deborah] CUNY, Inst Demog Res, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Montgomery, Mark] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Econ, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Small, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM small@LDEO.columbia.edu RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 FU United States National Institutes of Child Health and Development [R21 HD054846]; Population Council; Columbia University FX This work was funded, in part, by the United States National Institutes of Child Health and Development award R21 HD054846 to the City University of New York, the Population Council and Columbia University. Additional support (to CS) was provided by the Doherty Foundation and the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and to Aaron Clauset for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 55 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.021 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Goldberg, MD AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Monitoring fall foliage coloration dynamics using time-series satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Phenology; Fall foliage coloration; Foliage phase; Time-series satellite data; Temporally-normalized brownness ID LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; VEGETATION COVER; MODIS DATA; CANOPY PHENOLOGY; LEAF SENESCENCE; HIGH-LATITUDES; RESOLUTION; NDVI; REFLECTANCE; VARIABILITY AB Fall foliage coloration is a phenomenon that occurs in many deciduous trees and shrubs worldwide. Measuring the phenology of fall foliage development is of great interest for climate change, the carbon cycle, ecology, and the tourist industry; but little effort has been devoted to monitoring the regional fall foliage status using remotely-sensed data. This study developed an innovative approach to monitoring fall foliage status by means of temporally-normalized brownness derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. Specifically, the time series of the MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was smoothed and functionalized using a sigmoidal model to depict the continuous dynamics of vegetation growth. The modeled temporal NDVI trajectory during the senescent phase was further combined with the mixture modeling to deduce the temporally-normalized brownness index which was independent of the surface background, vegetation abundance, and species composition. This brownness index was quantitatively linked with the fraction of colored and fallen leaves in order to model the fall foliage coloration status. This algorithm was tested by monitoring the fall foliage coloration phase using MODIS data in northeastern North America from 2001 to 2004. The MODIS-derived timing of foliage coloration phases was compared with in-situ measurements, which showed an overall absolute mean difference of less than 5 days for all foliage coloration phases and about 3 days for near peak coloration and peak coloration. This suggested that the fall foliage coloration phase retrieved from the temporally-normalized brownness index was qualitatively realistic and repeatable. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Earth Resources Technol Inc, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010 FU NOAA [DG133E-06-CQ-0030] FX This work was partially supported by NOAA contract DG133E-06-CQ-0030. The authors thank Crystal B. Schaaf for help in MODIS NABAR data. We also wish to thank John O'Keefe at the Harvard Forest LTER and Amey Bailey of the USDA Forest Service Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest for providing phenology data, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this study are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 69 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 382 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500011 ER PT J AU Feng, M Williams, MO Kutz, JN Silverman, KL Mirin, RP Cundiff, ST AF Feng, Mingming Williams, Matthew O. Kutz, J. Nathan Silverman, Kevin L. Mirin, Richard P. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Intensity dynamics in a waveguide array laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 2010 MSC; 78A60 ID OPTICAL DISCRETE SOLITONS; LOCKING; MODEL; GAIN AB We consider experimentally and theoretically the optical field dynamics of a five-emitter laser array subject to a ramped injection current We have achieved experimentally an array that produces a robust oscillatory power output with a nearly constant it phase shift between the oscillations from each waveguide The output power also decreases linearly as a function of waveguide number Those behaviors persisted for pump currents varying between 380 and 500 mA with only a slight change in phase Of note is the fact that the fundamental frequency of oscillation Increases with injection current and higher harmonics are produced above a threshold current of approximately 380 mA Experimental observations and theoretical predictions are in agreement A low dimensional model was also developed and the impact of the nonuniform injection current studied A nonuniform injection current is capable of shifting the bifurcations of the waveguide array providing a valuable method of array tuning without additional gain or structural alterations to the array (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved C1 [Williams, Matthew O.; Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Feng, Mingming; Silverman, Kevin L.; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Williams, MO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI feng, mingming/F-3463-2011; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 284 IS 4 BP 971 EP 978 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2010.10.041 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 701YL UT WOS:000285861000013 ER PT J AU Zhang, LW Petersen, EJ Huang, QG AF Zhang, Liwen Petersen, Elijah J. Huang, Qingguo TI Phase Distribution of C-14-Labeled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Systems Containing Model Solids: Peat SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; BIOACCUMULATION; SUSPENSIONS; ADSORPTION; TOXICITY; DISPERSIONS; ENVIRONMENT; DEPURATION; CHEMISTRY; SOILS AB Understanding the phase distribution of nanoparticles between soils or sediments and water is a critical factor in determining their fate in environmental systems. As such, we examined the interactions of C-14-labeled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in aqueous systems with peat as a model solid organic material. MWNTs that had been treated with strong oxidative acids possessed negative charges on their surfaces and were relatively stable in deionized water. In the absence of peat, MWNTs aggregated when the concentration of sodium cations was above 4.0 mM or at a solution pH of 4.0. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from peat effectively stabilized MWNTs in solution by making the suspended nanotubes less sensitive to changes in sodium concentration or solution pH. Direct sorption interactions between MWNTs and solid peat were not observed in the absence of sodium cations, whereas they became apparent when the ionic strength was sufficiently high to reduce electrostatic repulsion between peat and MWNTs. C1 [Zhang, Liwen; Huang, Qingguo] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, QG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM qhuang@uga.edu RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) [R834094]; HATCH fund FX This study was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) STAR Grant R834094 and HATCH fund. We thank Mr. Roger Pinto for TGA and XPS measurements, and Dr. Zhengwei Pan and Mr. Yen-jun Chuang for their assistance with SEM analysis. Dr. Yongsheng Chen and Mr. Wen Zhang are thanked for their help with potential analysis, and Dr. Sayed Hassan for measuring TOC and metal ions concentrations. The anonymous reviewers and the associate editor are acknowledged for providing very helpful comments during revision of the manuscript. Certain commercial equipment, instruments and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the NIST nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1356 EP 1362 DI 10.1021/es1026097 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718LI UT WOS:000287122400030 PM 21222444 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ID Vecchi, GA AF Lloyd, Ian D. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Observational Evidence for Oceanic Controls on Hurricane Intensity SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; RESOLUTION COUPLED MODEL; HEAT; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; SYSTEM; LAYER AB The influence of oceanic changes on tropical cyclone activity is investigated using observational estimates of sea surface temperature (SST), air-sea fluxes, and ocean subsurface thermal structure during the period 1998-2007. SST conditions are examined before, during, and after the passage of tropical cyclones, through Lagrangian composites along cyclone tracks across all ocean basins, with particular focus on the North Atlantic. The influence of translation speed is explored by separating tropical cyclones according to the translation speed divided by the Coriolis parameter. On average for tropical cyclones up to category 2, SST cooling becomes larger as cyclone intensity increases, peaking at 1.8 K in the North Atlantic. Beyond category 2 hurricanes, however, the cooling no longer follows an increasing monotonic relationship with intensity. In the North Atlantic, the cooling for stronger hurricanes decreases, while in other ocean basins the cyclone-induced cooling does not significantly differ from category 2 to category 5 tropical cyclones, with the exception of the South Pacific. Since the SST response is nonmonotonic, with stronger cyclones producing more cooling up to category 2, but producing less or approximately equal cooling for categories 3-5, the observations indicate that oceanic feedbacks can inhibit intensification of cyclones. This result implies that large-scale oceanic conditions are a control on tropical cyclone intensity, since they control oceanic sensitivity to atmospheric forcing. Ocean subsurface thermal data provide additional support for this dependence, showing weaker upper-ocean stratification for stronger tropical cyclones. Intensification is suppressed by strong ocean stratification since it favors large SST cooling, but the ability of tropical cyclones to intensify is less inhibited when stratification is weak and cyclone-induced SST cooling is small. Thus, after accounting for tropical cyclone translation speeds and latitudes, it is argued that reduced cooling under extreme tropical cyclones is the manifestation of the impact of oceanic conditions on the ability of tropical cyclones to intensify. C1 [Lloyd, Ian D.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lloyd, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM illoyd@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors thank Anand Gnanadesikan, Gabriel Lau, Leo Donner, Timothy Marchok, and Thomas Knutson for helpful comments and assistance during the course of this work. This report was prepared by Ian Lloyd under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1138 EP 1153 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3763.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734AD UT WOS:000288304700010 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Variation in penaeid shrimp growth rates along an estuarine salinity gradient: Implications for managing river diversions SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Field experiment; Food addition; Growth experiments; Litopenaeus setiferus; Restoration ID JUVENILE BLUE CRABS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; BROWN SHRIMP; FARFANTEPENAEUS-AZTECUS; SUBTIDAL MACROBENTHOS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SOUTH-CAROLINA; HABITAT CHANGE AB Freshwater inflows from river diversions may affect nekton populations by altering the salinity and temperature of estuarine waters. To investigate the influence of these environmental variables on the growth and survival rates of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, we conducted field experiments in May and September 2007 to expose experimental animals to the range of different combinations of salinity and water temperature that commonly occur in an estuarine environment. Growth rates for shrimp held in mesocosms for approximately 7 days were compared among four locations and three treatments: locations were identified by the dominant marsh vegetation and distance from the Gulf of Mexico (low to high salinity: Intermediate, Brackish, Saline UE=Saline Up Estuary, Saline DE=Saline Down Estuary). At each location, the treatments were replicated four times and included shallow water with additional food, shallow water without food added, and deeper water (an attempt to expose animals to lower temperatures). Our experiments were designed to test the null hypothesis that shrimp growth and survival rates did not differ by location or treatment. Both brown shrimp and white shrimp grew more slowly at the Intermediate than higher salinity locations. Potential prey (benthic infauna) biomass was relatively low at both the Intermediate and Brackish locations in May, and both shrimp species consistently grew faster in mesocosms where food was added. We conclude that reduced growth in low salinity environments is likely due to the combined effects of increased metabolic costs and less food in these areas. River diversions that reduce estuarine salinities over a large portion of available habitat during peak recruitment periods may reduce overall growth rates and shrimp productivity in the affected areas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov FU Northern Gulf Institute; NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The assistance of everyone in the FEB was essential for the successful completion of this project. In particular, we thank Merritt Adkins, Jennifer Atchison, Ronnie Baker, Lauren Flynn, Jim Ditty, Jennifer Doerr, Matt Haverland, Shawn Hillen, Juan Salas, Zach Smith, and Elizabeth Wilson for helping to conduct the field experiments and collect and process the samples. We acknowledge Phil Caldwell for producing Fig. 1 and Matt Kimball for Figs. 2 and 3. Joy Merino and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful suggestions that improved the original manuscript. We acknowledge the Northern Gulf Institute and NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center for funding this research project. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. [SS] NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 397 IS 2 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.12.003 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 724BE UT WOS:000287550300015 ER PT J AU Ladner, JE Pan, MA Hurwitz, J Kelman, Z AF Ladner, Jane E. Pan, Miao Hurwitz, Jerard Kelman, Zvi TI Crystal structures of two active proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNAs) encoded by Thermococcus kodakaraensis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DNA replication; three-dimensional structure ID DNA-POLYMERASE; PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; SLIDING CLAMP; REPLICATION; PROTEINS; DELTA AB Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a ring-shaped protein that encircles duplex DNA and plays an essential role in many DNA metabolic processes in archaea and eukarya. The eukaryotic and euryarchaea genomes contain a single gene encoding for PCNA. Interestingly, the genome of the euryarchaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis contains two PCNA-encoding genes (TK0535 and TK0582), making it unique among the euryarchaea kingdom. It is shown here that the two T. kodakaraensis PCNA proteins support processive DNA synthesis by the polymerase. Both proteins form trimeric structures with characteristics similar to those of other archaeal and eukaryal PCNA proteins. One of the notable differences between the TK0535 and TK0582 rings is that the interfaces are different, resulting in different stabilities for the two trimers. The possible implications of these observations for PCNA functions are discussed. C1 [Ladner, Jane E.; Pan, Miao; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ladner, Jane E.] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Pan, Miao; Kelman, Zvi] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hurwitz, Jerard] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM zkelman@umd.edu RI Pan, Miao/E-7346-2012 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646]; National Institutes of Health [GM034559] FX Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0815646 (to Z.K.) and by National Institutes of Health Grant GM034559 (to J.H.). NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 108 IS 7 BP 2711 EP 2716 DI 10.1073/pnas.1019179108 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 721TB UT WOS:000287377000021 PM 21270332 ER PT J AU Son, S Wang, MH Shon, JK AF Son, SeungHyun Wang, Menghua Shon, Jae-Kyoung TI Satellite observations of optical and biological properties in the Korean dump site of the Yellow Sea SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color remote sensing; Ocean optical and biological properties in the ocean dump site ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ZONE COLOR SCANNER; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OCEAN; COASTAL; MODIS; IMAGERY; SEAWIFS; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHMS AB With the standard near-infrared (NIR) atmospheric correction algorithm for ocean color data processing, a high chlorophyll-a concentration patch was consistently observed from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua platform in the middle of the Yellow Sea during the spring (end of March to early May). This prominent patch was not observed in the historical ocean color satellite imageries in late 1970s to early 1980s, and a location corresponding to this patch has been used as a Korean dump site since 1988. At the same time, MODIS chlorophyll-a concentrations derived using the shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm developed for the ocean color satellite data in turbid coastal or high-productive ocean waters were significantly reduced. Comparison between in situ and MODIS chlorophyll-a measurements shows that the chlorophyll-a from the MODIS-Aqua products using the standard-NIR atmospheric correction algorithm is significantly overestimated. The images of the MODIS-derived normalized water-leaving radiance spectra and water diffuse attenuation coefficient data using the NIR-SWIR-based atmospheric correction approach show that absorption and scattering by organic and inorganic matter dumped in the Korean dump site have strongly influenced the satellite-derived chlorophyll-a data. Therefore, the biased high chlorophyll-a patch in the region is in fact an overestimation of chlorophyll-a values due to large errors from the standard-NIR atmospheric correction algorithm. Using the NIR-SWIR algorithm for MODIS-Aqua ocean color data processing, ocean color products from 2002 to 2008 for the Korean dump site region have been generated and used for characterizing the ocean optical and biological properties. Results show that there have been some important changes in the seasonal and interannual variations of phytoplankton biomass and other water optical and biological properties induced by colored dissolved organic matters, as well as suspended sediments. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Son, SeungHyun; Wang, Menghua] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Son, SeungHyun] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Shon, Jae-Kyoung] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Gapyeong Gun 477815, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by the NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The authors are grateful to Dr. Jae-Hoon Noh for some helpful discussions and Mr. Jin-Yong Jeong for obtaining the information and in situ data at the Korean dump site. The data for the annual total amount of dumped materials in the dump site of the Yellow Sea were obtained from the Korean Coast Guard. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services website, and both NASA MODIS and CZCS standard Level-2 ocean color products were obtained from the NASA/GSFC Ocean Color website. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 562 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.10.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 714BS UT WOS:000286782500026 ER PT J AU Zhu, M Soe, BD McMichael, RD Carey, MJ Maat, S Childress, JR AF Zhu, M. Soe, B. D. McMichael, R. D. Carey, M. J. Maat, S. Childress, J. R. TI Enhanced magnetization drift velocity and current polarization in (CoFe)(1-x)Ge-x alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE AB A spin-wave Doppler technique is used to measure the drift velocity of the magnetization in current-carrying (CoFe)(1-x)Ge-x alloys. For a current density of 10(11) A/m(2), we obtain a large enhancement of drift velocity with increased Ge concentration from 3.1 +/- 0.2 m/s for CoFe to 8.2 +/- 0.6 m/s for (CoFe)(0.7)Ge-0.3. Interpretation of these values yields current polarization increasing from 0.84 +/- 0.04 to 0.95 +/- 0.05 as the Ge doping increases. While both spin-dependent conductivities decrease with increasing Ge concentration, the maximum in polarization is associated with a stronger relative change in the minority spin conductivity. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3554755] C1 [Zhu, M.; Soe, B. D.; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, M.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Soe, B. D.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Carey, M. J.; Maat, S.; Childress, J. R.] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, Hitachi, CA 95135 USA. RP Zhu, M (reprint author), Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. EM robert.mcmichael@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter; National Science Foundation FX We are grateful for the assistance of CNST NanoFab staff, especially Richard Kasica for e-beam lithography. Thanks to S. Chandrashekariaih and K. Vo for assistance with film deposition and characterization at Hitachi GST. This work was supported in part by the NIST-CNST/UMD-Nanocenter Cooperative Agreement and the National Science Foundation. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 98 IS 7 AR 072510 DI 10.1063/1.3554755 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723LE UT WOS:000287507200046 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, Marilyn E. Thompson, Warren E. TI The infrared spectra of C2H4+ and C2H3 trapped in solid neon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD IONIZATION-PHOTOELECTRON; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; GROUND-STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; ETHYLENE; IONS; TRANSITION; ARGON; ATOMS; LASER AB When a mixture of ethylene in a large excess of neon is codeposited at 4.3 K with a beam of neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, two groups of product absorptions appear in the infrared spectrum of the deposit. Similar studies using C2H4-1-C-13 and C2D4 aid in product identification. The first group of absorptions arises from a cation product which possesses two identical carbon atoms, giving the first infrared identification of two fundamentals of C2H4+ and three of C2D4+, as well as a tentative identification of nu(9) of C2H4+. The positions of these absorptions are consistent with the results of density functional calculations and of earlier photoelectron studies. All of the members of the second group of product absorptions possess two inequivalent carbon atoms. They are assigned to the vinyl radical, C2H3, and to C2D3, in agreement with other recent infrared assignments for those species. [doi: 10.1063/1.3555626] C1 [Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 6 AR 064321 DI 10.1063/1.3555626 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 721BW UT WOS:000287327400041 PM 21322694 ER PT J AU Sharp-Williams, EN Roberts, MA Nesbitt, DJ AF Sharp-Williams, Erin N. Roberts, Melanie A. Nesbitt, David J. TI High resolution slit-jet infrared spectroscopy of ethynyl radical: (2)Pi-(2)Sigma(+) vibronic bands with sub-Doppler resolution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLOR-CENTER LASER; HYPERFINE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED C2H; LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; THEORETICAL CALCULATION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SOLID ARGON; SPECTRUM; CCH AB High resolution infrared spectra for four (2)Pi-(2)Sigma(+) bands of jet-cooled ethynyl radical (i.e., C2H) in the gas phase are reported. The combination of (i) slit-jet cooling (T-rot approximate to 12 K) and (ii) sub-Doppler resolution (approximate to 60 MHz) permits satellite branches in each (2)Pi-(2)Sigma(+) band to be observed and resolved for the first time as well as help clarify a systematic parity misassignment from previous studies. The observed lines in each band are least squares fit to a Hamiltonian model containing rotational, spin-rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda-doubling contributions for the (2)Pi state, from which we report revised excited state constants and band origins for the observed bands. Three of the four bands fit extremely well within a conventional (2)Pi model (i.e., sigma < 20 MHz), while one band exhibits a local perturbation due to an avoided crossing with a near resonant dark state. Vibronic assignments are given for the observed bands, with the dark state clearly identified as a highly excited stretch and bending overtone level <(X)over tilde> (1,2(2),0) by comparison with high level ab initio efforts. [doi: 10.1063/1.3532088] C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Department of Energy; NRC FX Financial support of this work was provided by the Department of Energy, with additional support in building up the apparatus from the National Science Foundation. E.N.S.-W. would like acknowledge the NRC for a postdoctoral fellowship. The authors would also like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Robert F. Curl, Jr., for his scholarly manner and helpful discussions, through which we were able to confirm and correct parity assignments in their pioneering early studies. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 6 AR 064314 DI 10.1063/1.3532088 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 721BW UT WOS:000287327400034 PM 21322687 ER PT J AU Kim, JM Castaneda-Priego, R Liu, Y Wagner, NJ AF Kim, Jung Min Castaneda-Priego, Ramon Liu, Yun Wagner, Norman J. TI On the importance of thermodynamic self-consistency for calculating clusterlike pair correlations in hard-core double Yukawa fluids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; PARTICLES; GELATION; COLLOIDS AB Understanding the mechanisms of clustering in colloids, nanoparticles, and proteins is of significant interest in material science and both chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, using an integral equation theory formalism, Bomont et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 132, 184508 (2010)] studied theoretically the temperature dependence, at a fixed density, of the cluster formation in systems where particles interact with a hard-core double Yukawa potential composed of a short-range attraction and a long-range repulsion. In this paper, we provide evidence that the low-q peak in the static structure factor, frequently associated with the formation of clusters, is a common behavior in systems with competing interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that, based on a thermodynamic self-consistency criterion, accurate structural functions are obtained for different choices of closure relations. Moreover, we explore the dependence of the low-q peak on the particle number density, temperature, and potential parameters. Our findings indicate that enforcing thermodynamic self-consistency is the key factor to calculate both thermodynamic properties and static structure factors, including the low-q behavior, for colloidal dispersions with both attractive and repulsive interactions. Additionally, a simple analysis of the mean number of neighboring particles provides a qualitative description of some of the cluster features. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3530785] C1 [Kim, Jung Min; Castaneda-Priego, Ramon; Liu, Yun; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Castaneda-Priego, Ramon] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Loma Del Bosque, Leon, Mexico. [Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Castaneda-Priego, R (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Neutron Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM ramoncp@fisica.ugto.mx RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Castaneda-Priego, Ramon/D-5043-2009; Kim, Jung Min/H-4043-2014 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Kim, Jung Min/0000-0001-6210-4540 FU Center for Neutron Science; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB7H6178]; CONACYT, Mexico [61418/2007, 102339/2008, 144518/2010] FX We gratefully acknowledge Professor Gerhard Nagele for his valuable comments on the manuscript as well as the funding for this research provided by Center for Neutron Science, by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB7H6178, and by CONACYT, Mexico, under Grant Nos. 61418/2007, 102339/2008, and 144518/2010. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 6 AR 064904 DI 10.1063/1.3530785 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 721BW UT WOS:000287327400078 PM 21322731 ER PT J AU Leibrandt, DR Thorpe, MJ Notcutt, M Drullinger, RE Rosenband, T Bergquist, JC AF Leibrandt, David R. Thorpe, Michael J. Notcutt, Mark Drullinger, Robert E. Rosenband, Till Bergquist, James C. TI Spherical reference cavities for frequency stabilization of lasers in non-laboratory environments SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CAVITY; PHASE NOISE; CANCELLATION; COMPACT; SYSTEM AB We present an optical cavity design that is insensitive to both vibrations and orientation. The design is based on a spherical cavity spacer that is held rigidly at two points on a diameter of the sphere. Coupling of the support forces to the cavity length is reduced by holding the sphere at a "squeeze insensitive angle" with respect to the optical axis. Finite element analysis is used to calculate the acceleration sensitivity of the spherical cavity for the ideal geometry as well as for several varieties of fabrication errors. The measured acceleration sensitivity for an initial, sub-ideal version of the mounted cavity is 4.0(5) x 10(-11)/g, 1.6(3) x 10(-10)/g, and 3.1(1) x 10(-10)/g (where g = 9.81 m/s(2)) for accelerations along the vertical and two horizontal directions, and the fractional frequency stability of a laser locked to the cavity is 1.2 x 10(-15) between 0.4 and 13 s. This low acceleration sensitivity combined with the orientation insensitivity that comes with a rigid mount indicates that this cavity design could allow frequency stable lasers to operate in non-laboratory environments. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Leibrandt, David R.; Thorpe, Michael J.; Notcutt, Mark; Drullinger, Robert E.; Rosenband, Till; Bergquist, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibrandt, DR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.leibrandt@nist.gov OI Bergquist, Jonas/0000-0002-4597-041X FU National Research Council FX We would like to acknowledge critical comments and strong support from R. Lalezari and colleagues at AT Films as well as fruitful discussions with M. Lauer. H. Guan helped with assembly of the SC vacuum system. We thank W. Swann and R. Fox for critical readings of this manuscript, and acknowledge partial support from ONR. D. R. Leibrandt and M. J. Thorpe acknowledge support from the National Research Council. This work is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 14 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 4 BP 3471 EP 3482 DI 10.1364/OE.19.003471 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 741JM UT WOS:000288860000066 PM 21369170 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zheng, WZ Yang, XF Li, ZW Pichel, WG AF Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Ziwei Pichel, William G. TI Sea surface imprints of coastal mountain lee waves imaged by synthetic aperture radar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; SAR; UPSTREAM; ISLAND AB A group of mountain lee waves is observed on an Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image on the lee side of Mountain Laoshan (1133 m) along the Yellow Sea coast of China. The lee waves are shown as alternating bright and dark patterns on the SAR image, indicating the ocean surface wind oscillation associated with the atmospheric wavefield. The horizontal wind variation between wave crest and trough is from 7 to 17 m/s. A Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer image acquired about 8.5 h prior to the SAR pass also showed the same group of standing lee waves. The cloud pattern matches the high-wind pattern in the SAR-derived wind image. The mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to simulate the lee wave phenomenon. We run the triply nested grid model with the highest horizontal resolution of 1 km. The WRF model successfully captures the characteristics of the lee wave. The waves are generated by the terrain forcing and the wave-induced perturbation propagates very strongly upward to the 500 hPa level. The event lasts about 24 h. Based on the WRF model wind results, we run a radar imaging model to simulate the SAR observation. The normalized radar cross section (NRCS) variations induced by the lee wave are compared between the radar simulation and the actual SAR observation. Reasonable agreement is reached. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, IMSG NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, NCEP, IMSG EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG NESDIS, E-RA3,World Weather Bldg,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 12 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C02014 DI 10.1029/2010JC006643 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 721AR UT WOS:000287324300003 ER PT J AU Overpeck, JT Meehl, GA Bony, S Easterling, DR AF Overpeck, Jonathan T. Meehl, Gerald A. Bony, Sandrine Easterling, David R. TI Climate Data Challenges in the 21st Century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; SIMULATION AB Climate data are dramatically increasing in volume and complexity, just as the users of these data in the scientific community and the public are rapidly increasing in number. A new paradigm of more open, user-friendly data access is needed to ensure that society can reduce vulnerability to climate variability and change, while at the same time exploiting opportunities that will occur. C1 [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bony, Sandrine] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Easterling, David R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Overpeck, JT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, 845 N Pk Ave,Suite 532, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jto@email.arizona.edu OI Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 NR 21 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6018 BP 700 EP 702 DI 10.1126/science.1197869 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 719LH UT WOS:000287205700049 PM 21311006 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Wang, Y Laszlo, I Kahn, R Korkin, S Remer, L Levy, R Reid, JS AF Lyapustin, A. Wang, Y. Laszlo, I. Kahn, R. Korkin, S. Remer, L. Levy, R. Reid, J. S. TI Multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC): 2. Aerosol algorithm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OPTICAL DEPTH; RETRIEVAL; MODIS; LAND; VALIDATION; AERONET; PRODUCTS; NETWORK AB An aerosol component of a new multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm is presented. MAIAC is a generic algorithm developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which performs aerosol retrievals and atmospheric correction over both dark vegetated surfaces and bright deserts based on a time series analysis and image-based processing. The MAIAC look-up tables explicitly include surface bidirectional reflectance. The aerosol algorithm derives the spectral regression coefficient (SRC) relating surface bidirectional reflectance in the blue (0.47 mu m) and shortwave infrared (2.1 mu m) bands; this quantity is prescribed in the MODIS operational Dark Target algorithm based on a parameterized formula. The MAIAC aerosol products include aerosol optical thickness and a fine-mode fraction at resolution of 1 km. This high resolution, required in many applications such as air quality, brings new information about aerosol sources and, potentially, their strength. AERONET validation shows that the MAIAC and MOD04 algorithms have similar accuracy over dark and vegetated surfaces and that MAIAC generally improves accuracy over brighter surfaces due to the SRC retrieval and explicit bidirectional reflectance factor characterization, as demonstrated for several U. S. West Coast AERONET sites. Due to its generic nature and developed angular correction, MAIAC performs aerosol retrievals over bright deserts, as demonstrated for the Solar Village Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site in Saudi Arabia. C1 [Lyapustin, A.; Kahn, R.; Remer, L.] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Laszlo, I.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Levy, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Reid, J. S.] USN, Aerosol & Radiat Sect, Marine Meteorol Div, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Lyapustin, A.; Wang, Y.; Korkin, S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, MC 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 FU NASA; NOAA GOES-R; EOS-MISR; Office of Naval Research [322] FX The research of A. Lyapustin, Y. Wang, and S. Korkin was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (D. Wickland) and NASA Applications Program (L. Friedl and B. Doorn) and in part by the NOAA GOES-R program (M. Goldberg). The work of R. Kahn is supported in part by NASA's Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program, under H. Maring, NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program, and the EOS-MISR Project. The contribution of R. Levy and L. Remer to this work is supported by the NASA Radiation Science Program (H. Maring). J. Reid's contribution was supported by the Office of Naval Research Code 322. This work strongly benefited from multiple discussions with our AERONET and NASA GSFC colleagues (A. Marshak, B. Holben, A. Sinuyk, A. Smirnov, I. Slutsker, and M. Sorokin). We are grateful to AERONET team for use of their data. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D03211 DI 10.1029/2010JD014986 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721AA UT WOS:000287322600005 ER PT J AU Lyapustin, A Martonchik, J Wang, YJ Laszlo, I Korkin, S AF Lyapustin, Alexei Martonchik, John Wang, Yujie Laszlo, Istvan Korkin, Sergey TI Multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC): 1. Radiative transfer basis and look-up tables SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVAL; ALBEDO; ABSORPTION; SURFACE; BRDF AB This paper describes a radiative transfer basis of the algorithm MAIAC which performs simultaneous retrievals of atmospheric aerosol and bidirectional surface reflectance from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The retrievals are based on an accurate semianalytical solution for the top-of-atmosphere reflectance expressed as an explicit function of three parameters of the Ross-Thick Li-Sparse model of surface bidirectional reflectance. This solution depends on certain functions of atmospheric properties and geometry which are precomputed in the look-up table (LUT). This paper further considers correction of the LUT functions for variations of surface pressure/height and of atmospheric water vapor, which is a common task in the operational remote sensing. It introduces a new analytical method for the water vapor correction of the multiple-scattering path radiance. It also summarizes the few basic principles that provide a high efficiency and accuracy of the LUT-based radiative transfer for the aerosol/surface retrievals and optimize the size of LUT. For example, the single-scattering path radiance is calculated analytically for a given surface pressure and atmospheric water vapor. The same is true for the direct surface-reflected radiance, which along with the single-scattering path radiance largely defines the angular dependence of measurements. For these calculations, the aerosol phase functions and kernels of the surface bidirectional reflectance model are precalculated at a high angular resolution. The other radiative transfer functions depend rather smoothly on angles because of multiple scattering and can be calculated at coarser angular resolution to reduce the LUT size. At the same time, this resolution should be high enough to use the nearest neighbor geometry angles to avoid costly three-dimensional interpolation. The pressure correction is implemented via linear interpolation between two LUTs computed for the standard and reduced pressure levels. A linear mixture and a modified linear mixture methods are used to represent different aerosol types in the aerosol/surface retrievals from several base models of the fine and coarse aerosol fractions. In summary, the developed LUT algorithm allows fast high-accuracy simulations of the outgoing radiance with full variability of the atmospheric and surface bidirectional reflectance properties for the aerosol/surface remote sensing. C1 [Lyapustin, Alexei; Wang, Yujie; Korkin, Sergey] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Martonchik, John] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lyapustin, Alexei; Wang, Yujie; Korkin, Sergey] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lyapustin, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU NASA EOS Science; NASA; NOAA GOES-R FX The work of Alexei Lyapustin, Yujie Wang, and Sergey Korkin was supported by the NASA EOS Science funding (D. Wickland) and in part by the NASA Applications Program (L. Friedl and B. Doorn) and NOAA GOES-R grant (M. Goldberg). NR 25 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D03210 DI 10.1029/2010JD014985 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 721AA UT WOS:000287322600004 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Guzik, S Sumner, JP Moreland, J Koretsky, AP AF Chen, Yun Guzik, Stephanie Sumner, James P. Moreland, John Koretsky, Alan P. TI Magnetic manipulation of actin orientation, polymerization, and gliding on myosin using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULES; FIELDS; CYTOSKELETON; TRANSPORT; MOTILITY; CELLS AB The actin cytoskeleton controls cell shape, motility, as well as intracellular molecular trafficking. The ability to remotely manipulate actin is therefore highly desirable as a tool to probe and manipulate biological processes at the molecular level. We demonstrate actin manipulation by labeling actin filaments with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (IOPs) and applying a uniform magnetic field to affect actin orientation, polymerization and gliding on myosin. We show for the first time magnetic manipulation of magnetizable actin filaments at the molecular level while gliding on a bed of myosin molecules and during polymerization. A model for the magnetic alignment and guiding mechanism is proposed based on the torque from the induced molecular anisotropy due to interactions between neighboring IOPs distributed along magnetically labeled actin molecules. C1 [Koretsky, Alan P.] NINDS, NIH, LFMI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chen, Yun; Moreland, John; Koretsky, Alan P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Koretsky, AP (reprint author), NINDS, NIH, LFMI, 10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1065,Bldg 10,Room B1D728, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koretskya@ninds.nih.gov RI Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015; OI Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756; Chen, Yun/0000-0001-6917-7814 FU National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioEngineering FX This work is supported by National Research Council, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioEngineering. We thank Dr James Seller for helpful discussion and the supply of myosin V. We also thank Dr Ikuko Fujiwara for the supply of actin and Dr Shumin Wang for helpful discussion. This paper is a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, not subject to copyright. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 22 IS 6 AR 065101 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/22/6/065101 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703RL UT WOS:000285998900002 PM 21212476 ER PT J AU Dutton, SE Huang, Q Tchernyshyov, O Broholm, CL Cava, RJ AF Dutton, S. E. Huang, Q. Tchernyshyov, O. Broholm, C. L. Cava, R. J. TI Sensitivity of the magnetic properties of the ZnCr2O4 and MgCr2O4 spinels to nonstoichiometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE; DIFFRACTION AB We report that small amounts of metal atom nonstoichiometry are possible in the ZnCr2O4 and MgCr2O4 spinels. The nonstoichiometry, though less than 2%, significantly impacts T-N and the nature of the magnetic correlations above T-N. The Zn1+x Cr2-xO4 spinel is particularly sensitive. While stoichiometric ZnCr2O4 displays antiferromagnetic short-range correlations in the susceptibility above T-N, ferromagnetic correlations are observed in nonstoichiometric, hole-doped Zn1+xCr2-xO4. The Mg1+xCr2-xO4 spinels are less profoundly affected by non-stoichiometry, though significant changes are also observed. We contrast themagnetic properties of Zn1+xCr2-xO4 and Mg1+xCr2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04) with those of materials with the equivalent amounts of isovalent nonmagnetic Ga3+ substituted on the Cr3+ site to separate the effects of static site disorder and hole doping. C1 [Dutton, S. E.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tchernyshyov, O.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dutton, SE (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sdutton@princeton.edu RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Dutton, S E/0000-0003-0984-5504 FU US Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER46544] FX The authors wish to thank Shuang Jia and E. Climent-Pascual for their helpful discussions. This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 11 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 6 AR 064407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.064407 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 721OQ UT WOS:000287364700006 ER PT J AU Begashaw, I Fiddler, MN Bililign, S Brown, SS AF Begashaw, Israel Fiddler, Marc N. Bililign, Solomon Brown, Steven S. TI Measurement of the Fourth O-H Overtone Absorption Cross Section in Acetic Acid Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; ABSOLUTE INTENSITIES; VIBRATIONAL OVERTONES; RADICAL PRODUCTION; TRANS-HONO; AB-INITIO; SPECTRA; DISSOCIATION; HNO3; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB We report the absolute absorption cross sections of the fourth. vibrational O-H (5 nu(OH)) overtone in acetic acid using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. For compounds that undergo photodissociation via overtone excitation, such intensity information is required to calculate atmospheric photolysis rates. The fourth vibrational overtone of acetic acid is insufficiently energetic to effect dissociation, but measurement of its cross section provides a model for other overtone transitions that can affect atmospheric photochemistry. Though gas-phase acetic acid exists in equilibrium with its dimer, this work shows that only the monomeric species contributes to the acetic acid overtone spectrum. The absorption of acetic acid monomer.peaks at similar to 615 nm and has a peak cross section of 1.84 x 10(-24) cm(2).molecule(-1). Between 612 and 620 nm, the integrated cross section for the acetic acid monomer is (5.23 +/- 0.73) x 10(-24) cm(2).nm .molecule(-1) or (1.38 +/- 0.19) x 10(-22) cm(2).molecule(-1).cm(-1). This is commensurate with the integrated cross section values for the fourth O-H overtone of other species. Theoretical calculations show that there is sufficient energy for hydrogen to transition between the two oxygen atoms, which results in an overtone-induced conformational change. C1 [Begashaw, Israel; Fiddler, Marc N.; Bililign, Solomon] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Begashaw, Israel; Fiddler, Marc N.; Bililign, Solomon] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Brown, Steven S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bililign, S (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM bililign@ncat.edu RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU National Science Foundation [0803016]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4810187] FX This research is supported by that National Science Foundation Award No. 0803016 and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Educational Partnership Program Award No. NA06OAR4810187. We thank Geoff Tyndall and John Orlando of NCAR for their valuable discussions. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 5 BP 753 EP 761 DI 10.1021/jp1087338 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 714HH UT WOS:000286797900028 PM 21226503 ER PT J AU Parsons, RA Mell, WE McCauley, P AF Parsons, Russell A. Mell, William E. McCauley, Peter TI Linking 3D spatial models of fuels and fire: Effects of spatial heterogeneity on fire behavior SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Functional structural plant model (FSPM); Crown fuel; Pipe model theory; CFD; Fire behavior ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; PLANT-GROWTH; CROWN FIRE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; TREE-CROWN; JACK PINE; ARCHITECTURE; BIOMASS; CANOPY; SIMULATION AB Crown fire endangers fire fighters and can have severe ecological consequences. Prediction of fire behavior in tree crowns is essential to informed decisions in fire management. Current methods used in fire management do not address variability in crown fuels. New mechanistic physics-based fire models address convective heat transfer with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and can be used to model fire in heterogeneous crown fuels. However, the potential impacts of variability in crown fuels on fire behavior have not yet been explored. In this study we describe a new model, FUEL3D, which incorporates the pipe model theory (PMT) and a simple 3D recursive branching approach to model the distribution of fuel within individual tree crowns. FUEL3D uses forest inventory data as inputs, and stochastically retains geometric variability observed in field data. We investigate the effects of crown fuel heterogeneity on fire behavior with a CFD fire model by simulating fire under a homogeneous tree crown and a heterogeneous tree crown modeled with FUEL3D, using two different levels of surface fire intensity. Model output is used to estimate the probability of tree mortality, linking fire behavior and fire effects at the scale of an individual tree. We discovered that variability within a tree crown altered the timing, magnitude and dynamics of how fire burned through the crown; effects varied with surface fire intensity. In the lower surface fire intensity case, the heterogeneous tree crown barely ignited and would likely survive, while the homogeneous tree had nearly 80% fuel consumption and an order of magnitude difference in total net radiative heat transfer. In the higher surface fire intensity case, both cases burned readily. Differences for the homogeneous tree between the two surface fire intensity cases were minimal but were dramatic for the heterogeneous tree. These results suggest that heterogeneity within the crown causes more conditional, threshold-like interactions with fire. We conclude with discussion of implications for fire behavior modeling and fire ecology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parsons, Russell A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Mell, William E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCauley, Peter] Washington State Univ, Spokane, WA USA. RP Parsons, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Hwy,10 West, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rparsons@fs.fed.us RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We wish to acknowledge E. Reinhardt and R. Keane for use of data from their crown fuels field study. We greatly appreciate comments from two anonymous reviewers which were helpful in improving the clarity and organization of this manuscript. This study was supported by the USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 98 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 222 IS 3 BP 679 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.023 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714BP UT WOS:000286782200031 ER PT J AU Perali, A Palestini, F Pieri, P Strinati, GC Stewart, JT Gaebler, JP Drake, TE Jin, DS AF Perali, A. Palestini, F. Pieri, P. Strinati, G. C. Stewart, J. T. Gaebler, J. P. Drake, T. E. Jin, D. S. TI Evolution of the Normal State of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas from a Pseudogap Phase to a Molecular Bose Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE AB Wave-vector resolved radio frequency spectroscopy data for an ultracold trapped Fermi gas are reported for several couplings at T(c), and extensively analyzed in terms of a pairing-fluctuation theory. We map the evolution of a strongly interacting Fermi gas from the pseudogap phase into a fully gapped molecular Bose gas as a function of the interaction strength, which is marked by a rapid disappearance of a remnant Fermi surface in the single-particle dispersion. We also show that our theory of a pseudogap phase is consistent with a recent experimental observation as well as with quantum Monte Carlo data of thermodynamic quantities of a unitary Fermi gas above T(c). C1 [Perali, A.; Palestini, F.; Pieri, P.; Strinati, G. C.] Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. [Stewart, J. T.; Gaebler, J. P.; Drake, T. E.; Jin, D. S.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stewart, J. T.; Gaebler, J. P.; Drake, T. E.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perali, A (reprint author), Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Fis, I-62032 Camerino, Italy. RI Pieri, Pierbiagio/B-8302-2011; Strinati, Giancarlo/F-3546-2011 OI Pieri, Pierbiagio/0000-0001-8295-805X; Strinati, Giancarlo/0000-0003-4038-4291 FU NSF; Italian MIUR [PRIN-2007] FX We acknowledge financial support from the NSF and from the Italian MIUR under Contract No. PRIN-2007 "Ultracold Atoms and Novel Quantum Phases". NR 23 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 6 AR 060402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.060402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719IA UT WOS:000287196900001 PM 21405446 ER PT J AU Ticknor, C Wilson, RM Bohn, JL AF Ticknor, Christopher Wilson, Ryan M. Bohn, John L. TI Anisotropic Superfluidity in a Dipolar Bose Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EINSTEIN CONDENSED GAS AB We study the superfluid character of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (DBEC) in a quasi-two dimensional geometry. We consider the dipole polarization to have some nonzero projection into the plane of the condensate so that the effective interaction is anisotropic in this plane, yielding an anisotropic dispersion relation. By performing direct numerical simulations of a probe moving through the DBEC, we observe the sudden onset of drag or creation of vortex-antivortex pairs at critical velocities that depend strongly on the direction of the probe's motion. This anisotropy emerges because of the anisotropic manifestation of a rotonlike mode in the system. C1 [Ticknor, Christopher] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.; Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ticknor, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wilson, Ryan/F-3199-2010; Ticknor, Christopher/B-8651-2014; OI Ticknor, Christopher/0000-0001-9972-4524 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE; NSF FX C. T. gratefully acknowledges support from LANL, which is operated by LANS, LLC for the NNSA of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. R. M. W. and J. L. B. acknowledge financial support from the DOE and the NSF. NR 22 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 6 AR 065301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.065301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 719IA UT WOS:000287196900008 PM 21405474 ER PT J AU Bender, ML Kinter, S Cassar, N Wanninkhof, R AF Bender, Michael L. Kinter, Saul Cassar, Nicolas Wanninkhof, Rik TI Evaluating gas transfer velocity parameterizations using upper ocean radon distributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID WIND-SPEED; EXCHANGE; PACIFIC; FLUX; CO2; ATLANTIC; RATES; ARGO AB Sea-air fluxes of gases are commonly calculated from the product of the gas transfer velocity (k) and the departure of the seawater concentration from atmospheric equilibrium. Gas transfer velocities, generally parameterized in terms of wind speed, continue to have considerable uncertainties, partly because of limited field data. Here we evaluate commonly used gas transfer parameterizations using a historical data set of Rn-222 measurements at 105 stations occupied on Eltanin cruises and the Geosecs program. We make this evaluation with wind speed estimates from meteorological reanalysis products (from National Centers for Environmental Prediction and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting) that were not available when the Rn-22 data were originally published. We calculate gas transfer velocities from the parameterizations by taking into account winds in the period prior to the date that Rn-222 profiles were sampled. Invoking prior wind speed histories leads to much better agreement than simply calculating parameterized gas transfer velocities from wind speeds on the day of sample collection. For individual samples from the Atlantic Ocean, where reanalyzed winds agree best with observations, three similar recent parameterizations give k values for individual stations with an rms difference of similar to 40% from values calculated using Rn-222 data. Agreement of basin averages is much better. For the global data set, the average difference between k constrained by Rn-222 and calculated from the various parameterizations ranges from -0.2 to +0.9 m/d (average, 2.9 m/d). Averaging over large domains, and working with gas data collected in recent years when reanalyzed winds are more accurate, will further decrease the uncertainties in sea-air fluxes. C1 [Bender, Michael L.; Kinter, Saul; Cassar, Nicolas] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Bender, ML (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM bender@princeton.edu RI Cassar, Nicolas/B-4260-2011; OI Cassar, Nicolas/0000-0003-0100-3783 FU National Science Foundation; National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We appreciate discussions with James Kinter and thoughtful comments from reviewers (including James Ledwell and a coauthor of the cited paper of Roether and Kromer [1984]) that led to major revisions (and hopefully improvements) in the manuscript. This is not to imply that the reviewers agree with all our conclusions. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 9 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C02010 DI 10.1029/2009JC005805 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 721AQ UT WOS:000287324200001 ER PT J AU Chicireanu, R Nelson, KD Olmschenk, S Lundblad, N Derevianko, A Porto, JV AF Chicireanu, R. Nelson, K. D. Olmschenk, S. Lundblad, N. Derevianko, A. Porto, J. V. TI Differential Light-Shift Cancellation in a Magnetic-Field-Insensitive Transition of Rb-87 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; QUANTUM; ATOMS AB The precise measurement of transition frequencies of trapped atomic samples is susceptible to inaccuracy arising from the inhomogeneous differential shift of the relevant energy levels in the presence of the trapping fields. We demonstrate near-complete cancellation of the differential ac Stark shift ("light shift'') of a two-photon magnetic-field-insensitive microwave hyperfine (clock) transition in Rb-87 atoms trapped in an optical lattice. Up to 95(2)% of the differential light shift is cancelled while maintaining magnetic-field insensitivity. This technique should have applications in quantum information and frequency metrology. C1 [Chicireanu, R.; Nelson, K. D.; Olmschenk, S.; Porto, J. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chicireanu, R.; Nelson, K. D.; Olmschenk, S.; Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lundblad, N.] Bates Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. [Derevianko, A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Chicireanu, R (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rchicireanu@gmail.com RI Olmschenk, Steven/D-4960-2011; Lundblad, Nathan/A-9965-2009; Derevianko, Andrei/G-8356-2011 OI Olmschenk, Steven/0000-0003-0105-7714; Lundblad, Nathan/0000-0003-0430-8064; FU DARPA QUEST; NRC; NSF; NASA [NNX07AT65A] FX We thank Saijun Wu, Steven Maxwell, Ian Spielman, and William D. Phillips for useful discussions. This work is supported by the DARPA QUEST program. K. D. N. and S. O. acknowledge support from the NRC. Work of A. D. was supported in part by the NSF and by NASA under Grant/Cooperative Agreement No. NNX07AT65A issued by the Nevada NASA EPSCoR program. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 6 AR 063002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.063002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 717WV UT WOS:000287079100002 PM 21405465 ER PT J AU Rincon, L Hasmy, A Marquez, M Gonzalez, C AF Rincon, Luis Hasmy, Anwar Marquez, Manuel Gonzalez, Carlos TI A perturbatively corrected tight-binding method with hybridization: Application to gold nanoparticles SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TOTAL-ENERGY; CLUSTERS; TRANSITION; SURFACES; ANIONS; ATOMS; NANOCLUSTERS; SIMULATIONS; METALS AB We introduce a non-self-consistent energy correction that is based on the fluctuation of the density into the tight-binding method to show that a parameterization derived only from crystal electronic structure data can describe the ground state structures of small clusters containing noble metal atoms and the turnover from a planar to a nonplanar structure. The efficiency and robustness of the method is illustrated by comparing the resulting corrected and uncorrected global minimum energy configurations of neutral gold clusters, Au-n' with Density Functional Theory calculations. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rincon, Luis; Hasmy, Anwar; Marquez, Manuel; Gonzalez, Carlos] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dpto Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Hasmy, Anwar] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dpto Fis, Caracas 89000, Venezuela. [Marquez, Manuel] YNano LLC, Midlothian, VA 23113 USA. RP Rincon, L (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lrincon@ula.ve; anwarhasmy@usb.ve; Manuel.Marquez@YNano.com; cgonzale@nist.gov RI Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 FU John S. Guggenheim Foundation; CeCalcULA (Venezuela) FX We would like to thank Dr. T. Allison for helpful discussions, and one of us (A. H.) acknowledges support from the John S. Guggenheim Foundation and CeCalcULA (Venezuela). NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 8 PY 2011 VL 503 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.12.075 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 716NA UT WOS:000286976700033 ER PT J AU Snow, WM Bass, CD Bass, TD Crawford, BE Gan, K Heckel, BR Luo, D Markoff, DM Micherdzinska, AM Mumm, HP Nico, JS Opper, AK Sarsour, M Sharapov, EI Swanson, HE Walbridge, SB Zhumabekova, V AF Snow, W. M. Bass, C. D. Bass, T. D. Crawford, B. E. Gan, K. Heckel, B. R. Luo, D. Markoff, D. M. Micherdzinska, A. M. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Opper, A. K. Sarsour, M. Sharapov, E. I. Swanson, H. E. Walbridge, S. B. Zhumabekova, V. TI Upper bound on parity-violating neutron spin rotation in He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PROTON-PROTON-SCATTERING; P-ALPHA-SCATTERING; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; NON-CONSERVATION; NONCONSERVATION; F-18; NUCLEUS; SEARCH; BEAM AB We report an upper bound on parity-violating neutron spin rotation in He-4. This experiment is the most sensitive search for neutron-weak optical activity yet performed and represents a significant advance in precision in comparison to past measurements in heavy nuclei. The experiment was performed at the NG-6 slow-neutron beamline at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research. Our result for the neutron spin rotation angle per unit length in He-4 is d phi/dz = [+ 1.7 +/- 9.1(stat.) +/- 1.4(sys.)] x 10(-7) rad/m. The statistical uncertainty is smaller than current estimates of the range of possible values of d phi/dz in n+He-4. C1 [Snow, W. M.; Luo, D.; Walbridge, S. B.] Indiana Univ, CEEM, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Bass, C. D.; Bass, T. D.; Mumm, H. P.; Nico, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Crawford, B. E.] Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Gan, K.; Micherdzinska, A. M.; Opper, A. K.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Heckel, B. R.; Swanson, H. E.] Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Markoff, D. M.] N Carolina Cent Univ, TUNL, Durham, NC 27707 USA. [Sarsour, M.] Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Sharapov, E. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Zhumabekova, V.] Al Farabi Kazakh Natl Univ, Alma Ata 050038, Kazakhstan. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, CEEM, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM wsnow@indiana.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NSF [PHY-0457219, PHY-0758018, DE-AI02-93ER40784, DE-FG02-95ER40901] FX This work was supported in part by NSF PHY-0457219, NSF PHY-0758018, DE-AI02-93ER40784, and DE-FG02-95ER40901. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. WMS acknowledges support from the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD FEB 7 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 AR 022501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.022501 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 717HK UT WOS:000287034100002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, EE Poineau, F Llobet, A Kennedy, BJ Avdeev, M Thorogood, GJ Carter, ML Seshadri, R Singh, DJ Cheetham, AK AF Rodriguez, Efrain E. Poineau, Frederic Llobet, Anna Kennedy, Brendan J. Avdeev, Maxim Thorogood, Gordon J. Carter, Melody L. Seshadri, Ram Singh, David J. Cheetham, Anthony K. TI High Temperature Magnetic Ordering in the 4d Perovskite SrTcO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; TRANSITION; OXIDES; SRRUO3 AB We present evidence for possibly the highest magnetic ordering temperature in any compound without 3d transition elements. Neutron powder diffraction measurements, at both time-of-flight and constant wavelength sources, were performed on two independently prepared SrTcO3 powders. SrTcO3 adopts a distorted perovskite structure with G-type antiferromagnetic ordering and has a moment of 1.87(4)mu(B) per Tc cation at room temperature with an extraordinarily high Neel point close to 750 degrees C. Electronic structure calculations reveal extensive mixing between the technetium 4d states and oxygen states proximal to the Fermi level. This hybridization leads to a close relationship between magnetic ordering temperature and moment formation in SrTcO3. C1 [Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Natl Inst Sci & Techn Creat, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Poineau, Frederic] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Llobet, Anna] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kennedy, Brendan J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Avdeev, Maxim] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Thorogood, Gordon J.; Carter, Melody L.] IME Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cheetham, Anthony K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Natl Inst Sci & Techn Creat, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Rodriguez, Efrain/N-1928-2013; Thorogood, Gordon/A-7411-2008; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Singh, David/I-2416-2012; Avdeev, Maxim/A-5625-2008 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Rodriguez, Efrain/0000-0001-6044-1543; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579; Thorogood, Gordon/0000-0001-9993-7896; Avdeev, Maxim/0000-0003-2366-5809 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This work has benefited from the use of NPDF and HIPD at the Lujan Center, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DE-AC52-06NA25396. We would also like to thank the Australian Research Council for the work at the University of Sydney. Work at ORNL was supported by DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 6 AR 067201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.067201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 717FO UT WOS:000287029100004 PM 21405490 ER PT J AU Lupton, J de Ronde, C Sprovieri, M Baker, ET Bruno, PP Italiano, F Walker, S Faure, K Leybourne, M Britten, K Greene, R AF Lupton, John de Ronde, Cornel Sprovieri, Mario Baker, Edward T. Bruno, Pier Paolo Italiano, Franco Walker, Sharon Faure, Kevin Leybourne, Matthew Britten, Karen Greene, Ronald TI Active hydrothermal discharge on the submarine Aeolian Arc SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TYRRHENIAN SEA; MOUNT-ETNA; HISTORICAL LAVAS; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; MANTLE; VOLCANO; HELIUM; GASES; HE-3; GEOCHEMISTRY AB In November 2007 we conducted a water column and seafloor mapping study of the submarine volcanoes of the Aeolian Arc in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea aboard the R/V Urania. On 26 conductivity-temperature-depth casts and tows we measured temperature, conductivity, pressure, and light scattering and also collected discrete samples for helium isotopes, methane, and pH. The He-3/He-4 isotope ratio, an unambiguous indicator of hydrothermal input, showed a clear excess above background at 6 of the 10 submarine volcanoes surveyed. Marsili seamount had the highest anomaly, where the He-3/He-4 ratio reached a delta He-3 value of 23% at 610 m depth compared with background values of similar to 5%. Smaller but distinct delta He-3 anomalies occurred over Palinuro, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and Secca del Capo. Although hydrothermal emissions are known to occur offshore of some Aeolian subaerial volcanoes, and hydrothermal deposits have been sampled throughout the arc, our results are the first to confirm active discharge on Marsili, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and Secca del Capo. Samples collected over Lametini, Filicudi North, Alicudi North, and Alcione had delta He-3 near the regional background values, suggesting either absence of, or very weak, hydrothermal activity on these seamounts. Hydrocasts between the volcanoes revealed a consistent delta He-3 maximum between 11% and 13% at 2000 m depth throughout the SE Tyrrhenian Sea. The volcanoes of the Aeolian arc and the Marsili back arc, all <1000 m deep, cannot contribute directly to this maximum. This deep He-3 excess may be a remnant of tritium decay or may have been produced by an unknown deep hydrothermal source. C1 [Lupton, John; Baker, Edward T.; Walker, Sharon; Greene, Ronald] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [de Ronde, Cornel; Faure, Kevin; Leybourne, Matthew; Britten, Karen] GNS, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Sprovieri, Mario] CNR, IAMC, I-80133 Naples, Italy. [Bruno, Pier Paolo] INGV, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Italiano, Franco] INGV, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. RP Lupton, J (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM john.e.lupton@noaa.gov RI italiano, francesco/G-5482-2012; Bruno, Pier Paolo /B-8219-2013; OI Bruno, Pier Paolo /0000-0003-2622-3037; Leybourne, Matthew/0000-0002-2361-6014 FU NOAA FX We thank all the members of the AEOLIAN 2007 science party for their assistance and the officers and crews of the R/V Urania for their logistical and technical support. We also thank S. Passaro for his work on seafloor imaging and A. Bonanno for sampling on Etymed expedition. Finally, a special thanks to E. Marsella, who supported this research project with enthusiasm. We thank S. Merle for assistance with the figures. This paper profited from constructive reviews by M. P. Ryan and one anonymous reviewer. This project was supported by the NOAA Vents Program. This is PMEL publication 3536. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD FEB 5 PY 2011 VL 116 AR B02102 DI 10.1029/2010JB007738 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 717HX UT WOS:000287035400004 ER PT J AU Kubyshkina, M Sergeev, V Tsyganenko, N Angelopoulos, V Runov, A Donovan, E Singer, H Auster, U Baumjohann, W AF Kubyshkina, M. Sergeev, V. Tsyganenko, N. Angelopoulos, V. Runov, A. Donovan, E. Singer, H. Auster, U. Baumjohann, W. TI Time-dependent magnetospheric configuration and breakup mapping during a substorm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; THIN CURRENT SHEETS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; GROWTH-PHASE; MODEL; MAGNETOTAIL; SPACECRAFT; BOUNDARY; ONSET AB We analyze an isolated substorm on 29 March 2009 observed by the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and well monitored by ground-based observatories at and near station Gillam. The event provides a rare opportunity for monitoring the substorm magnetic topology thanks to fortuitous clustering of the THEMIS probes, complemented by the GOES 12 spacecraft. The neutral sheet position was found to be displaced by similar to 0.5 R(E) northward from its average location. The peak cross-tail current density was estimated to be similar to 20 nA/m(2) at the end of the growth phase, revealing the formation of a thin current sheet during the last 15 min prior to the expansion onset. The fortuitous spacecraft conjunction allowed us to construct an adjusted time-varying model based on magnetic field and pressure observations during the substorm. We then used the adjusted model to map the location of the spacecraft to the ionosphere and the breakup from the ionosphere to the equatorial region. Significant time-dependent differences between this and the standard models (e.g., T96) do exist, resulting in breakup mapping to similar to 22 R(E), compared to 12 R(E) if classical models are used. Moreover, we find that spacecraft footprints in the ionosphere move significantly equatorward (2 degrees) over tens of minutes during the growth phase but jump poleward (2 degrees-4 degrees) after expansion onset. Since such motions are also typical for auroral arcs during substorms, we infer that magnetic field reconfiguration during various substorm phases, rather than plasma motion in the equatorial magnetosphere, is largely responsible for the observed motion of the aurora. C1 [Kubyshkina, M.; Sergeev, V.; Tsyganenko, N.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Angelopoulos, V.; Runov, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Donovan, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Auster, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Baumjohann, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Kubyshkina, M (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. EM kubysh@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; OI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Tsyganenko, Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; Russian Ministry of Science; RFBR [10-05-91163]; German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50QP0402] FX The work was supported by the THEMIS contract NAS5-02099. The work by V.S. and M.K. was also supported by Russian Ministry of Science grants, by the RFBR grant 10-05-91163. H. U. Auster acknowledges financial support by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt under grant 50QP0402. We thank Judy Hohl for her help in preparing the manuscript. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 4 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A00I27 DI 10.1029/2010JA015882 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717IE UT WOS:000287036100003 ER PT J AU Sergeev, V Angelopoulos, V Kubyshkina, M Donovan, E Zhou, XZ Runov, A Singer, H McFadden, J Nakamura, R AF Sergeev, V. Angelopoulos, V. Kubyshkina, M. Donovan, E. Zhou, X. -Z. Runov, A. Singer, H. McFadden, J. Nakamura, R. TI Substorm growth and expansion onset as observed with ideal ground-spacecraft THEMIS coverage SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EARTH CURRENT SHEET; PLASMA SHEET; CURRENT DISRUPTION; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; PHASE; RECONNECTION; MAGNETOTAIL; MODELS; FLOW AB We present a fortuitous case of an isolated substorm on 29 March 2009, observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during Substorms (THEMIS) probes clustered at similar to 11-14 R-E with simultaneous coverage by the THEMIS ground network. The four probes are at roughly the same radial and azimuthal location, with one probe staying near the neutral sheet during entire growth phase and during the ensuing transition to the substorm expansion phase. Prior to substorm onset, THEMIS observed the damping of earthward convection and development of an embedded tail current sheet with half thickness <= 0.15 R-E and current density similar to 20 nA/m(2), while the total magnetic field closest to the neutral sheet was below 2 nT. Tail activity was observed to start prior to substorm onset tailward of the THEMIS probes (<-14 R-E) with the gradual increase of earthward flow and total pressure in front of an earthward moving bursty bulk flow event (BBF). There was no evidence of an outward propagating rarefaction wave prior to BBF onset. Peak flow was accompanied by two short dipolarization pulses, followed by a sharp reduction of the total pressure (up to 30-50%) and a decrease in the lobe magnetic field. By analyzing the lobe field waveforms, we infer their reconnection origin and argue that different onset-related magnetotail phenomena discussed in past literature (BBFs, bubbles, current disruption, nightside flux transfer events, earthward traveling convection regions) are views of the same dissipative structure formed by reconnection, when it is observed from different vantage points. Although the first ionospheric signatures of the substorm were observed near the equatorward edge of the auroral oval, the adaptive magnetospheric model maps the breakup to the tail current sheet at 15-20 R-E, consistent with other estimates of the substorm onset location available in our case. The event provides definite evidence in favor of tail reconnection within a thin current sheet as the primary substorm initiation process. It also demonstrates that actual changes of tail current magnitude in the magnetotail can be an order of magnitude larger, compared to the magnitude of 3-D current inferred from ground observations. C1 [Sergeev, V.; Kubyshkina, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Angelopoulos, V.; Zhou, X. -Z.; Runov, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Donovan, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [McFadden, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. RP Sergeev, V (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. EM victor@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Zhou, Xuzhi/D-1831-2011; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; OI Zhou, Xuzhi/0000-0003-4953-1761; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155 FU German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; Russian Ministry of Science; RFBR [10-05-91163, 10-05-00223] FX Data from the SSJ4 particle spectrometer (D. A. Hardy PI) on board the DMSP F-17 have been made available via JHUAPL Web site, the OMNI database is run by the NGDC at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank all data providers for their valuable data sets. Thanks to K. H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. We thank A. Nikolaev and S. Apatenkov for their help in data processing, M. Kholeva and Judy Hohl for help in preparing the manuscript. The work was supported by THEMIS contract NAS5-02099. The work by V. S. and M. K. was also supported by Russian Ministry of Science grants and by RFBR grants 10-05-91163 and 10-05-00223. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 4 PY 2011 VL 116 AR A00I26 DI 10.1029/2010JA015689 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 717IE UT WOS:000287036100001 ER PT J AU Parrish, CC Milke, LM Bricelj, VM AF Parrish, Christopher C. Milke, Lisa M. Bricelj, V. Monica TI Characterisation of 4 alpha-methyl sterols in Pavlova spp. and postlarval sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Sterol identification; Prymnesiophytes; Mass spectrometry ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; MICROALGAL DIETS; GROWTH; SEDIMENTS; ALGAL AB Dietary sterols are necessary to ensure the growth of bivalves such as the commercially important sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. 4 alpha-methyl sterols are large C(30)-C(34) sterols present in dinoflagellates and prymnesiophytes, and are thus encountered by scallops in both hatchery and natural environments. Those present in the two classes are very similar with the same number of carbon atoms, the same number of double bonds and the same ions in a mass spectrum. There is, however, a subtle but perhaps biochemically important difference in the side chain in that one group of compounds has an ethyl group (CH(3)CH(2)) while the other has two methyl groups (CH(3)). The ethyl group produces a small difference in retention times on a gas chromatography (GC) column and a small difference in the intensity of key ions in certain mass spectrometers. The ethyl group may also be responsible for discrimination against this compound by the sea scallop. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Parrish, Christopher C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Milke, Lisa M.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Bricelj, V. Monica] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Parrish, CC (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. EM cparrish@mun.ca NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 311 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.003 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 722LB UT WOS:000287432600038 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Brown, J Demargne, J Seo, DJ AF Liu, Yuqiong Brown, James Demargne, Julie Seo, Dong-Jun TI A wavelet-based approach to assessing timing errors in hydrologic predictions SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Timing errors; Magnitude errors; Cross wavelet transform; Hydrologic evaluation; Forecast verification ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; FORECAST VERIFICATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; IMPROVED CALIBRATION; CURVE REGISTRATION; TIME-SERIES; STREAMFLOW; UNCERTAINTY AB Streamflow predictions typically contain errors in both the timing and the magnitude of peak flows. These two types of error often originate from different sources (e.g. rainfall-runoff modeling vs. routing) and hence may have different implications and ramifications for both model diagnosis and decision support. Thus, where possible and relevant, they should be distinguished and separated in model evaluation and forecast verification applications. Distinct information on timing errors in hydrologic prediction could lead to more targeted model improvements in a diagnostic evaluation context, as well as better-informed decisions in many practical applications, such as flood prediction, water supply forecasting, river regulation, navigation, and engineering design. However, information on timing errors in hydrologic predictions is rarely evaluated or provided. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing and quantifying timing error in hydrologic predictions and present a new approach, which is based on the cross wavelet transform (XWT) technique. The XWT technique transforms the time series of predictions and corresponding observations into a two-dimensional time-scale space and provides information on scale- and time-dependent timing differences between the two time series. The results for synthetic timing errors (both constant and time-varying) indicate that the XWT-based approach can estimate timing errors in streamflow predictions with reasonable reliability. The approach is then employed to analyze the timing errors in real streamflow simulations for a number of headwater basins in the US state of Texas. The resulting timing error estimates were consistent with the physiographic and climatic characteristics of these basins. A simple post-factum timing adjustment based on these estimates led to considerably improved agreement between streamflow observations and simulations, further illustrating the potential for using the XWT-based approach for timing error estimation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Yuqiong; Brown, James; Demargne, Julie] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Liu, Yuqiong] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Brown, James; Demargne, Julie] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Yuqiong.Liu@nasa.gov RI Liu, Yuqiong/B-4318-2012 FU National Weather Service (NWS); Climate Program Office (CPO) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work is supported by the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) program of the National Weather Service (NWS) and the Climate Predictions Program for the Americas (CPPA) of the Climate Program Office (CPO) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Core wavelet analysis routines were provided by A. Grinsted and are available at http://www.pol.ac.uk/home/research/waveletcoherence/. The authors would like to thank Robert Corby and Paul McKee of the West Gulf River Forecast Center of the US NWS for providing the basin map and streamflow datasets. Comments from Pedro Restrepo, Geoff Bonnin, Haksu Lee, and Gary Carter of the NWS Office of Hydrologic Development helped to improve an earlier version of this paper. The authors would also like to thank Alberto Viglione and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 3 PY 2011 VL 397 IS 3-4 BP 210 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.11.040 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 718IU UT WOS:000287115300006 ER PT J AU Khodadadi, S Curtis, JE Sokolov, AP AF Khodadadi, Sheila Curtis, Joseph E. Sokolov, Alexei P. TI Protein Dynamics at the Picosecond-Nanosecond Time Scale: a Complementary Study by Dielectric Spectroscopy, Neutron Spectroscopy and MD Simulation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 05-09, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 [Khodadadi, Sheila; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Laborat, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 SU 1 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 972PF UT WOS:000306288600097 ER PT J AU Krueger, S AF Krueger, Susan TI Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules in Solution: The Unique Role of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 05-09, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 [Krueger, Susan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 SU 1 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 972PF UT WOS:000306288600196 ER PT J AU Shenoy, S Gericke, A Ross, A Losche, M AF Shenoy, Siddharth Gericke, Arne Ross, Alonzo Loesche, Mathias TI Binding Affinities of WT and H93R PTEN to Lipid Membranes Containing PS and PI(4,5)P-2 SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY MAR 05-09, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP Biophys Soc C1 [Shenoy, Siddharth; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gericke, Arne] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Ross, Alonzo] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB 2 PY 2011 VL 100 IS 3 SU 1 BP 525 EP 525 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 972PF UT WOS:000306288604372 ER PT J AU Hu, VC Kuhn, DR Xie, T Hwang, J AF Hu, Vincent C. Kuhn, D. Richard Xie, Tao Hwang, Jeehyun TI MODEL CHECKING FOR VERIFICATION OF MANDATORY ACCESS CONTROL MODELS AND PROPERTIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Access control; policy; model; testing AB Mandatory access control (MAC) mechanisms control which users or processes have access to which resources in a system. MAC policies are increasingly specified to facilitate managing and maintaining access control. However, the correct specification of the policies is a very challenging problem. To formally and precisely capture the security properties that MAC should adhere to, MAC models are usually written to bridge the rather wide gap in abstraction between policies and mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a general approach for property verification for MAC models. The approach defines a standardized structure for MAC models, providing for both property verification and automated generation of test cases. The approach expresses MAC models in the specification language of a model checker and expresses generic access control properties in the property language. Then the approach uses the model checker to verify the integrity, coverage, and confinement of these properties for the MAC models and finally generates test cases via combinatorial covering array for the system implementations of the models. C1 [Hu, Vincent C.; Kuhn, D. Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xie, Tao; Hwang, Jeehyun] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hu, VC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vhu@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov; xie@csc.ncsu.edu; jhwang4@csc.ncsu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-1940 J9 INT J SOFTW ENG KNOW JI Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 103 EP 127 DI 10.1142/S021819401100513X PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 796ZZ UT WOS:000293093300006 ER PT J AU Parthangal, P Cavicchi, RE Meier, DC Herzing, A Zachariah, MR AF Parthangal, Prahalad Cavicchi, Richard E. Meier, Douglas C. Herzing, Andrew Zachariah, Michael R. TI Direct synthesis of tin oxide nanotubes on microhotplates using carbon nanotubes as templates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GAS-SENSING PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; SENSORS; NANOPARTICLES; ARRAYS; SENSITIVITY; DEPOSITION; NANOWIRES; RUTHENIUM; METHANE AB Tin oxide (SnO(2)) nanotubes have been synthesized using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as removable templates. The entire synthesis takes place on the microscale on a micromachined hotplate, without the use of photolithography, taking advantage of the device's built-in heater. Well-aligned multiwalled CNT forests were grown directly on microhotplates at 600 degrees C using a bimetallic iron/alumina composite catalyst and acetylene as precursor. Thin films of anhydrous SnO(2) were then deposited onto the CNT forests through chemical vapor deposition of tin nitrate at 375 degrees C. The CNTs were then removed through a simple anneal process in air at temperatures above 450 degrees C, resulting in SnO(2) nanotubes. Gas sensing measurements indicated a substantial improvement in sensitivity to trace concentrations of methanol from the SnO(2) nanotubes in comparison with a SnO(2) thin film. The synthesis technique is generic and may be used to create any metal oxide nanotube structure directly on microscale substrates. C1 [Parthangal, Prahalad; Cavicchi, Richard E.; Meier, Douglas C.; Herzing, Andrew; Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Parthangal, Prahalad; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Parthangal, Prahalad; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cavicchi, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcavicchi@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 430 EP 436 DI 10.1557/jmr.2010.27 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793LG UT WOS:000292823200010 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW Lothenbach, B Stutzman, PE Snyder, KA AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. Lothenbach, Barbara Stutzman, Paul E. Snyder, Kenneth A. TI Coupling thermodynamics and digital image models to simulate hydration and microstructure development of portland cement pastes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-SILICATE-HYDRATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SHAPE AB Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations, coupled to a kinetic model for the dissolution rates of clinker phases, have been used in recent years to predict time-dependent phase assemblages in hydrating cement pastes. We couple this approach to a 3D microstructure model to simulate microstructure development during the hydration of ordinary portland cement pastes. The combined simulation tool uses a collection of growth/dissolution rules to approximate a range of growth modes at material interfaces, including growth by weighted mean curvature and growth by random aggregation. The growth rules are formulated for each type of material interface to capture the kinds of cement paste microstructure changes that are typically observed. We make quantitative comparisons between simulated and observed microstructures for two ordinary portland cements, including bulk phase analyses and two-point correlation functions for various phases. The method is also shown to provide accurate predictions of the heats of hydration and 28 day mortar cube compressive strengths. The method is an attractive alternative to the cement hydration and microstructure model CEMHYD3D because it has a better thermodynamic and kinetic basis and because it is transferable to other cementitious material systems. C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.; Stutzman, Paul E.; Snyder, Kenneth A.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lothenbach, Barbara] Empa, Lab Concrete & Construct Chem, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bullard@nist.gov RI Lothenbach, Barbara/C-6275-2013 OI Lothenbach, Barbara/0000-0002-9020-6488 FU United States Department of Energy; NIST FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy Cementitious Barriers Partnership program and by the Sustainable Concrete Materials program at NIST. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 4 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.1557/jmr.2010.41 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 793LQ UT WOS:000292824500016 ER PT J AU Kishi, MJ Ito, S Megrey, BA Rose, KA Werner, FE AF Kishi, Michio J. Ito, Shin-ichi Megrey, Bernard A. Rose, Kenneth A. Werner, Francisco E. TI A review of the NEMURO and NEMURO.FISH models and their application to marine ecosystem investigations SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE NEMURO; Marine ecosystem model; North Pacific; PICES ID NUTRIENT-PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON; FISH BIOENERGETICS MODEL; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LOWER TROPHIC ECOSYSTEM; TO-END MODELS; SKILL ASSESSMENT; DYNAMICS MODEL; CLIMATE; GROWTH; SIMULATIONS AB The evolution of the North Pacific Ecosystem Model for Understanding Regional Oceanography (NEMURO) family of models to study marine ecosystems is reviewed. Applications throughout the North Pacific have shown the models to be robust and to be able to reproduce 1D, 2D and 3D components of nutrient, carbon cycle and biogeochemical cycles as well as aspects of the lower trophic levels ecosystem (phyto- and zooplankton). NEMURO For Including Saury and Herring, an extension that includes higher trophic levels, can be run uncoupled or coupled to NEMURO. In the uncoupled mode, the growth and weight of an individual fish is computed using plankton densities simulated by NEMURO but with no feedback between fish consumption and plankton mortality. In the coupled mode, the feeding, growth and weight of a representative fish are computed, and prey removals due to feeding by fish appear as mortality terms on the prey. The NEMURO family of models continues to evolve, including effects of the microbial loop and iron limitation at lower trophic levels, and full life cycle, multi-species and multi-generational simulations at higher trophic levels. We outline perspectives for future end-to-end modeling efforts that can be used to study marine ecosystems in response to global environmental change. C1 [Kishi, Michio J.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Kishi, Michio J.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Ito, Shin-ichi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Werner, Francisco E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Kishi, MJ (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Fisheries Sci, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM mjkishi@nifty.com RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012 OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580 FU North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES); APN (Asia Pacific Network); GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Program); Heiwa-Nakajima Foundation of Japan; Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center, City of Nemuro (Japan); Fisheries Research Agency (FRA) of Japan FX We would like to thank the city of Nemuro, Hokkaido, Japan and their citizens for supporting our early activities. We also gratefully acknowledge the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), APN (Asia Pacific Network), GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Program), the Heiwa-Nakajima Foundation of Japan, Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center, City of Nemuro (Japan), and the Fisheries Research Agency (FRA) of Japan for sponsoring a series of workshops that resulted in the additional development of the NEMURO model and its applications described in papers. The participation of B.A.M. in this paper is noted as research contribution EcoFOCI-0728 to NOAA's Ecosystem and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. Our dear friend and colleague Bernard A. Megrey, passed away during the revision stages of this paper. Bern's many insights and tireless efforts were essential to the development of the NEMURO family of models. Bern is missed by us all. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 67 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0009-4 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754IL UT WOS:000289848200002 ER PT J AU Wu, S Liu, ZY Zhang, R Delworth, TL AF Wu, Shu Liu, Zhengyu Zhang, Rong Delworth, Thomas L. TI On the observed relationship between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Relationship; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation; Monte Carlo test; Decadal prediction ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH PACIFIC; SST ANOMALIES; CLIMATE OSCILLATION; SEASONAL DEPENDENCE; OCEAN VARIABILITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LEVEL PRESSURE; ENSO; TELECONNECTIONS AB We studied the relationship between the dominant patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. The patterns are known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). In the analysis we used two different observational data sets for SST. Due to the high degree of serial correlation in the PDO and AMO time series, various tests were carried out to assess the significance of the correlations. The results demonstrated that the correlations are significant when the PDO leads the AMO by 1 year and when the AMO leads the PDO by 11-12 years. The possible physical processes involved are discussed, along with their potential implication for decadal prediction. C1 [Wu, Shu; Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Liu, Zhengyu] Peking Univ, Lab Climate, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Rong; Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Wu, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM swu33@wisc.edu RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 FU DOE; Chinese MOST [GYHY200906016]; NSF of China [40830106]; Peking University; CCR [998] FX This work was funded by the DOE and the Chinese MOST no. GYHY200906016, NSF of China 40830106, and Peking University. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and helpful comments. Discussions with Dr. Feng He are appreciated. Kaplan SST V2 data are provided by NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/.HADISST data were downloaded from UK Meteorological Office, Hadley Centre. The article was supported by CCR publication no. 998. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0916-8370 EI 1573-868X J9 J OCEANOGR JI J. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 67 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s10872-011-0003-x PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 754IL UT WOS:000289848200004 ER PT J AU Litaker, RW AF Litaker, R. W. TI GAMBIERDISCUS TAXONOMY AND GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Litaker, R. W.] NOAA, NOS, Washington, DC USA. EM Wayne.Litaker@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 721NJ UT WOS:000287361300045 ER PT J AU Morton, SL Vargo, D AF Morton, S. L. Vargo, D. TI COASTAL EUTROPHICATION, LAND USE CHANGES AND CERATIUM FURCA BLOOMS IN PAGO PAGO HARBOR, AMERICAN SAMOA - OR - WHY IS SOCCER BAD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Morton, S. L.] NOAA, NOS, Washington, DC USA. [Vargo, D.] Amer Samoa, Amer Samoa Community Coll, Pago Pago, AS USA. EM Steve.Morton@noaa.gov; donvargo@rocketmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 47 SU 1 SI SI BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 721NJ UT WOS:000287361300046 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Allen, AJ Levine, LE Ilavsky, J Long, GG Sandy, AR AF Zhang, F. Allen, A. J. Levine, L. E. Ilavsky, J. Long, G. G. Sandy, A. R. TI Development of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy; ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering; equilibrium dynamics; non-equilibrium dynamics; coherent X-ray scattering ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE LATEX SPHERES; UNDULATOR RADIATION; CRYSTAL OPTICS; DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; COMPOSITES; SUSPENSION; DIFFUSION; COHERENCE AB This paper describes the development of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS). This technique takes advantage of Bonse-Hart crystal optics and is capable of probing the long-time-scale equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics of optically opaque materials with prominent features in a scattering vector range between those of dynamic light scattering and conventional XPCS. Instrumental parameters for optimal coherent-scattering operation are described. Two examples are offered to illustrate the applicability and capability of USAXS-XPCS. The first example concerns the equilibrium dynamics of colloidal dispersions of polystyrene microspheres in glycerol at 10, 15 and 20% volume concentrations. The temporal intensity autocorrelation analysis shows that the relaxation time of the microspheres decays monotonically as the scattering vector increases. The second example concerns the non-equilibrium dynamics of a polymer nanocomposite, for which it is demonstrated that USAXS-XPCS can reveal incipient dynamical changes not observable by other techniques. C1 [Zhang, F.; Allen, A. J.; Levine, L. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, J.; Long, G. G.; Sandy, A. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, F.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank J. M. Antonucci, D. Skrtic and J. N. R. O'Donnell of NIST's Polymers Division for preparing the dental composite samples, K. Peterson of Argonne's APS Engineering Support Division for help in optimizing the time resolution of the USAXS photodiode detector, and K. Beyer and T. Lutes of Argonne's X-ray Science Division instrument loan pool for lending us the Linkam thermal stage used to control the sample temperatures. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science user facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 44 BP 200 EP 212 DI 10.1107/S0021889810053446 PN 1 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 709XS UT WOS:000286475300025 ER PT J AU Kim, H Michaels, CA Bryant, GW Stranick, SJ AF Kim, Hyunmin Michaels, Chris A. Bryant, Garnett W. Stranick, Stephan J. TI Comparison of the sensitivity and image contrast in spontaneous Raman and coherent Stokes Raman scattering microscopy of geometry-controlled samples SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE Raman effects; Raman scattering; scanning microscopy; silicon; imaging ID PICOSECOND LASERS; CARS MICROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; NANOWIRES; SILICON AB We experimentally compare the performance and image contrast of spontaneous Raman and coherent Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. We demonstrate the differences between these techniques on a series of geometry-controlled samples that range in complexity from a point (array of tips) to one-dimensional (line grating) and, lastly, two-dimensional (checkereboard) microstructure. Through the use of this sample series, a comparison of the focal volume, achievable signal-to-noise, and resulting image contrast is made. The results demonstrate the effciency and spatial resolution attainable in coherent Raman microscopy relative to spontaneous Raman microscopy. Additionally, we detail potential complications in the interpretation of coherent Raman images of sample fine structure, where contrast is no longer based solely on oscillator concentration but can be influenced by sample microstructure. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.3533310] C1 [Kim, Hyunmin; Michaels, Chris A.; Bryant, Garnett W.; Stranick, Stephan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Hyunmin; Bryant, Garnett W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stranick, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stranick@nist.gov RI Kim, Hyunmin/D-2875-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Kim, Hyunmin/0000-0002-9338-4597 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 16 IS 2 AR 021107 DI 10.1117/1.3533310 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 742JW UT WOS:000288939200014 PM 21361670 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD O'Brien, B Allee, DR Loy, D Akgun, B Satija, SK AF Vogt, Bryan D. O'Brien, Barry Allee, David R. Loy, Doug Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil K. TI Distribution of hydrogen in low temperature passivated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films from neutron reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen in glass; Neutron reflectivity; Amorphous silicon; Flexible electronics ID SOLAR-CELLS; DEGRADATION; TRANSISTORS; SCATTERING; NITRIDE; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB Hydrogen plays a critical role in the passivation of dangling bonds in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) to enable acceptable semiconducting characteristics during operation in devices. Low temperature processing enables fabrication of high performance transistors on flexible substrates such as plastic or stainless steel foils, but also leads to a decrease in the stability of the electronic performance. Generation of defects at the a-Si:H/insulator (hydrogenated silicon nitride, Sift H) during electrical use due to localized heating will lead to decreased performance unless the dangling bonds are passivated in-situ by residual hydrogen. For this reason, the distribution of hydrogen within a-Si:H may be critical to understanding their aging phenomena. Here the distribution of hydrogen within both a-Si:H and SiN:H layers is probed with sub-nanometer resolution using neutron reflectivity. The hydrogen concentration within the bulk of the a-Si:H (11 +/- 2 at.%) and SiN:H (18 +/- 3 at.%) agree well with previous reports, but the increased resolution of the neutron measurement is able to identify an approximate three fold increase in the concentration within 2 nm of the semiconductor-insulator interface. This enhanced hydrogen content may act in the short-term as a sink to passivate any dangling bonds formed during operation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vogt, Bryan D.; O'Brien, Barry; Allee, David R.; Loy, Doug] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM bryan.vogt@asu.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 FU Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [W911NG-04-2-0005] FX The Research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement W911NG-04-2-0005. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the ARL or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 357 IS 3 BP 1114 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.11.030 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 733AJ UT WOS:000288232500057 ER PT J AU Dugdale, R Chai, F Feely, R Measures, C Parker, A Wilkerson, F AF Dugdale, Richard Chai, Fei Feely, Richard Measures, Chris Parker, Alex Wilkerson, Frances TI The regulation of equatorial Pacific new production and pCO(2) by silicate-limited diatoms SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE New production; Silicate limitation; Diatoms; CO2; Chemostat; Equatorial upwelling ID DIMENSIONAL ECOSYSTEM MODEL; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; MARINE DIATOMS; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; AMMONIUM LIMITATION; UPWELLING SYSTEM; CO2 FLUX; OCEAN; NUTRIENT; IRON AB Modeling and data from the JGOFS EqPac program suggested that the eastern equatorial Pacific upwelling ecosystem includes a quasi-chemostat culture system dominated by diatoms and limited by Si(OH)(4) due to a low ratio of Si(OH)(4) to NO3 in the upwelling source water, the Equatorial Undercurrent. Diatoms were hypothesized to be the major users of NO3 in this system and the amount assimilated limited by the low amount of Si(OH)(4) available. As a consequence NO3 is left in the surface waters along with unused CO2. Two cruises to the eastern equatorial Pacific (EB04 and EB05) were made to test the existing hypothesis of Si(OH)(4) limitation, and study the roles of source concentrations of Si(OH)(4) and Fe, and nutrient uptake kinetics for comparison with model predictions. Fractionated nitrogen uptake measurements showed that diatoms at times take up the major portion of the NO3. Picoplankton and some phytoplankton in the > 5-mu m size group carried out primarily regenerated production, i.e. NH4 uptake in a grazing dominated system. Equatorial diatoms followed uptake kinetics for Si(OH)(4) and NO3 uptake as observed in laboratory investigations of diatoms under Si(OH)(4) and Fe limitations. Si(OH)(4) uptake responded to additions of Si(OH)(4) on a time scale of hours in uptake kinetic experiments while NO3 uptake was unaffected by added NO3. The uptake of Si(OH)(4) varied in a narrow range on a Michaelis-Menten hyperbola of Si(OH)(4) uptake vs. Si(OH)(4) concentration, with a maximal Si(OH)(4) uptake rate, V'(maxSi) set to a relatively low value by some factor(s) other than Fe on a longer time scale, i.e., days in shipboard enclosures. Simply enclosing water collected from the mid euphotic zone and incubating for some days on deck at 50% surface irradiance increased V'maxSi in accordance with V'(maxSi) being a function of incident irradiance. Fe additions to the enclosures also increased V'maxSi but not to the same extent as only enclosing the water and incubating on deck. The values of V'(maxSi) and V'Si showed no relation to ambient Fe concentrations. The study was carried out in a region relatively rich in Fe, from 140 degrees W eastward. These results call into question conclusions that Fe and Si(OH)(4) co-limit production based upon enclosure experiments amended with Fe and incubated at near surface irradiance without first considering what causes the initial large increase in V'(maxSi) in the on-deck control enclosures. Some evidence for an Fe effect was seen at the eastern end of the EB04 equatorial section, where Fe concentration generally declined in the eastward direction and at about 118 degrees W reached a low level that may have resulted in the reduction of the V'(maxSi). Data from the EB04 and EB05 cruises showed a close correlation between surface TCO2 and NO3 concentration as expected from the demonstrated limitation of diatom NO3 uptake by Si(OH)(4), highlighting the important role of equatorial diatoms in the global carbon cycle. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dugdale, Richard; Parker, Alex; Wilkerson, Frances] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Feely, Richard] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Measures, Chris] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Dugdale, R (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. EM rdugdale@sfsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE 03-22074] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (BioComplexity OCE 03-22074). We are grateful to all the members of the Dugdale/Wilkerson laboratory for shipboard support, as well as the other scientists involved with the EB04 and EB05 cruises for useful discussions. Finally, we wish to thank the crew of the R/V Roger Revel le for their assistance. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 58 IS 3-4 BP 477 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.008 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 734DJ UT WOS:000288313100015 ER PT J AU Yashar, DA Domanski, PA Cho, HH AF Yashar, David A. Domanski, Piotr A. Cho, Hong Hyun TI An experimental and computational study of approach air distribution for a finned-tube heat exchanger SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW; ENTRANCE; SYSTEM AB The distribution of airflow approaching a finned-tube heat exchanger is one of the predominant factors influencing the heat exchanger's performance. This article describes a method for measuring and predicting the inlet air flow distribution using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, highlighting the source and magnitude of air side maldistribution. The studied case was a single-slab, four-depth-row, louvered-fin heat exchanger installed vertically in a horizontal duct. The measured data showed that the air approaching this very simple test case generally maintained velocities of 1.25 ms(-1) (4.1 fis(-1)) to 1.35 ms(-1) (4.4 fis(-1)), but certain portions of the coil were completely obstructed, resulting in no airflow, and other portions realized velocities of over 1.7 ms(-1) (5.6 fts(-1)). A CFD model of the air flow through this heat exchanger was developed based on a momentum resistance modeling approach. The CFD results agreed well with the Ply measurements, predicting the local velocities within 3% over most of the domain and within 10% in areas with the largest velocity gradients. C1 [Yashar, David A.; Domanski, Piotr A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cho, Hong Hyun] Chosun Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. RP Yashar, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.yashar@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1080/10789669.2011.543253 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 733YU UT WOS:000288301200006 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, K Miao, HX Rakher, MT Davanco, M Aksyuk, V AF Srinivasan, Kartik Miao, Houxun Rakher, Matthew T. Davanco, Marcelo Aksyuk, Vladimir TI Optomechanical Transduction of an Integrated Silicon Cantilever Probe Using a Microdisk Resonator SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cavity optomechanics; atomic force microscopy; nanomechanics; motion detection; nanophotonics ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WAVE-GUIDES; CAVITY; LIMIT; OSCILLATORS; MODULATION; MEMS AB Sensitive transduction of the motion of a micro-scale cantilever is central to many applications in mass, force, magnetic resonance, and displacement sensing. Reducing cantilever size to nanoscale dimensions can improve the bandwidth and sensitivity of techniques like atomic force microscopy, but current optical transduction methods suffer when the cantilever is small compared to the achievable spot size. Here, we demonstrate sensitive optical transduction in a monolithic cavity optomechanical system in which a subpicogram silicon cantilever with a sharp probe tip is separated from a micro disk optical resonator by a nanoscale gap. High quality factor (Q approximate to 10(5)) microdisk optical modes transduce the cantilever's megahertz frequency, thermally driven vibrations with a displacement sensitivity of approximate to 4.4 x 10(-16) m/(Hz)(1/2) and bandwidth >1 GHz, and a dynamic range >10(6) is estimated for a 1 s measurement Optically induced stiffening due to the strong optomechanical interaction is observed, and engineering of probe dynamics through cantilever design and electrostatic actuation is illustrated. C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik; Miao, Houxun; Rakher, Matthew T.; Davanco, Marcelo; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Davanco, Marcelo] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Aksyuk, Vladimir] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov; vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 42 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 791 EP 797 DI 10.1021/nl104018r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 717LZ UT WOS:000287049100081 PM 21250747 ER PT J AU Gardner, JS Rule, KC Ruff, JPC Clancy, JP Gaulin, BD AF Gardner, J. S. Rule, K. C. Ruff, J. P. C. Clancy, J. P. Gaulin, B. D. TI COLD NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDIES OF FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNETS SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyrochlore; Neutron Scattering; Frustration ID Y2MO2O7; DYNAMICS; TB2TI2O7; CRYSTAL; ORDER AB In this paper we review the neutron scattering work performed on 3 different antiferromagnetic pyrochlores which reveal how the character of the magnetic interactions plays a major role on the eventual outcome of the magnetic ground state. Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7), Er(2)Ti(2)O(7) and Y(2)Mo(2)O(7) have all been extensively studied over the past 15 years and are known to display, respectively, spin liquid, long range ordered and glassy ground states. Although detailed experiments have been performed on these compounds, and much is known about their low temperature properties, a detailed theoretical understanding of their ground states remains elusive. C1 [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rule, K. C.; Ruff, J. P. C.; Clancy, J. P.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys Astron, Haminton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. EM jason.gardner@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU KOREAN NUCLEAR SOC PI DAEJEON PA NUTOPIA BLDG, 342-1 JANGDAE-DONG, DAEJEON, 305-308, SOUTH KOREA SN 1738-5733 J9 NUCL ENG TECHNOL JI Nucl. Eng. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 43 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.5516/NET.2011.43.1.007 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 732MU UT WOS:000288190200002 ER PT J AU Fisher, R Radford, BT Knowlton, N Brainard, RE Michaelis, FB Caley, MJ AF Fisher, Rebecca Radford, Ben T. Knowlton, Nancy Brainard, Russell E. Michaelis, Frances B. Caley, M. Julian TI Global mismatch between research effort and conservation needs of tropical coral reefs SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biological conservation; biological knowledge; Coral Triangle; coral reefs; geocoding; global conservation; global research; Google Maps (TM); scientific literature; Web of Science ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; RESILIENCE; PRIORITIES; OCEAN AB Tropical coral reefs are highly diverse and globally threatened. Management to ensure their persistence requires sound biological knowledge in regions where coral reef biodiversity and/or the threats to it are greatest. This paper uses a novel text analysis approach and Google Maps (TM) to examine the spatial coverage of scientific papers on coral reefs listed in Web of Science (R). Results show that research is highly clumped spatially, positively related to per capita gross domestic product, negatively related to coral species richness, and unrelated to threats to coral reefs globally; indicating a serious mismatch between conservation needs and the knowledge required for effective management. Greater research effort alone cannot guarantee better conservation outcomes, but given some regions of the world (e.g., Central Indo-Pacific) remain severely understudied, priority allocation of resources to fill such knowledge gaps should support greater adaptive management capacity through the development of an improved knowledge base for reef managers. C1 [Fisher, Rebecca; Radford, Ben T.] UWA Oceans Inst M096, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Radford, Ben T.] Univ Western Australia M004, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Michaelis, Frances B.; Caley, M. Julian] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Fisher, R (reprint author), UWA Oceans Inst M096, Australian Inst Marine Sci, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM r.fisher@aims.gov.au RI Fisher, Rebecca/C-5459-2011; OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 FU BHP Billiton through CReefs Australia (CReefs, Census of Marine Life) FX Funded by BHP Billiton through CReefs Australia (CReefs, Census of Marine Life). J. Ruxton assisted with compiling the literature database, M. Case assisted with geographic analyses and R. O'Leary provided statistical advice. S. Wilson, S. Kininmonth, M. Case, and M. Puotinen provided comments on the manuscript. R. F., M. J. C, N.K., and R. B. conceived the study, F. B. M. provided global context, B. R. assisted with geocoding and analyses, R. F. and M. J. C. led the writing of the manuscript; all authors contributed to writing and commenting on drafts. We thank P. Armsworth and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00146.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 716PW UT WOS:000286986900008 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Robblee, MB Browder, JA Cardenas, H Jackson, TL AF Criales, Maria M. Robblee, Michael B. Browder, Joan A. Cardenas, Hernando Jackson, Thomas L. TI FIELD OBSERVATIONS ON SELECTIVE TIDAL-STREAM TRANSPORT FOR POSTLARVAL AND JUVENILE PINK SHRIMP IN FLORIDA BAY SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Florida Bay; pink shrimp; selective tidal stream transport ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; EVERGLADES-NATIONAL-PARK; CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; BLUE-CRAB; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; PENAEUS-DUORARUM; LARVAE; SALINITY; ABUNDANCE; VARIABILITY AB Post larvae and juveniles of pink shrimp were collected in the summers of 2005 and 2006 at three stations in northwestern Florida Bay. the main nursery ground of this species in South Florida. Collections were made at one- or two-hour intervals during three full moon nights and two new moon nights at depth intervals in the water column. Results of the five collections were consistent with the assumption that postlarvae use a flood-tide transport (FTT) to advance into the estuary by ascending in the water column during the dark-flood tide and resting near the bottom during the ebb tide. Evidence of a FTT were higher numbers of postlarvae per hour collected during the flood tide vs. ebb tide and the large number of postlarvae collected with highest velocity flood tide currents. ANOVA indicated significant differences in the number of postlarvae collected between tidal stages and moon phases, but not among depths. Post larvae were more abundant during new moon than full moon. We also found different patterns of postlarval distribution between the new and full moon. During the new moon, a large peak of postlarvae occurred coincident with highest current speeds, whereas, with one exception, during the full moon postlarvae were more abundant in the second half of the flood period near the slack tide. In contrast, juveniles exhibited a behavior and migratory pattern opposite to that of postlarvae. ANOVA indicated significant differences between the number of juveniles captured between tidal stages and among depths, but not between moon phases. Juveniles were found almost exclusively near the surface on the ebb tide. Significantly larger juveniles were captured on the dark-ebb rather than on the dark-flood tide during both moon phases, suggesting that older juveniles were leaving the Bay on the ebb tide. C1 [Criales, Maria M.; Cardenas, Hernando] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Robblee, Michael B.] US Geol Survey, Florida Caribbean Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Browder, Joan A.; Jackson, Thomas L.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu; mike_robblee@usgs.gov; joan.browder@noaa.gov; hcardenas@rsmas.miami.edu; tom.jackson@noaa.gov FU NOAA; Habitat Program at NOAA Fisheries FX We thank the NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration and Modeling Program and the Habitat Program at NOAA Fisheries for funding this research. We thank Jeremy Hall, Destiny Hazra, Joe Contillo, Joe Tomoleoni, Eric Buck, Andre Daniels, Randee Esteve, and other NOAA and USGS personnel for assistance with field sampling. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1651/10-3291.1 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 722JA UT WOS:000287427300003 ER PT J AU Ditty, JG Bremer, JRA AF Ditty, James G. Bremer, Jaime R. Alvarado TI SPECIES DISCRIMINATION OF POSTLARVAE AND EARLY JUVENILE BROWN SHRIMP (FARFANTEPENAEUS AZTECUS) AND PINK SHRIMP (F. DUORARUM) (DECAPODA: PENAEIDAE): COUPLING MOLECULAR GENETICS AND COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY TO IDENTIFY EARLY LIFE STAGES SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Farfantepenaeus; General Discriminant Analysis; Gulf of Mexico; multiplex PCR assay; spinules ID GENUS PENAEUS; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; SETIFERUS LINNAEUS; WHITE SHRIMP; POPULATION; HYBRIDIZATION; TEXAS; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; BURKENROAD AB We collected postlarvae (PL) and early juveniles of Farfantepenaeus aztecus and F. duorarum < 7.0 mm CL from the Gulf of Mexico and verified their species identity using a multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay, which targeted the 16S rRNA mitochondria! gene. We examined young with >= 5 dorsal teeth (DT) for differences in morphology and used a General Discriminant Analysis approach and 'best' subsets model-building technique to help identify the 'best' characters to discriminate taxa and predict species membership. Farfantepenaeus duorarum with >= 5 DT and F. aztecus with >= 7 DT have spinules on the epigastric and first DT, a character not previously reported for these two species. Differences in antennal scale shape and sixth pleomere length discriminate > 95% of Farfantepenaeus sp. with < 7 - 8 + 2 rostral teeth. Farfantepenaeus duorarum has an antenna! scale with an acutely rounded margin about twice the height of the adjacent lateral spine, and has a sixth pleomere length measurement < 2.5 mm. In F. aztecus, the antennal scale has a more broadly rounded margin with a lateral spine that approaches or exceeds the tip of the scale, and has a sixth pleomere length measurement > 2.5 mm. Species discrimination of Farfantepenaeus sp. with >= 7 - 8 + 2 rostral teeth requires body measurements. Classification models accurately discriminate > 90% of Farfantepenaeus sp. from the western Gulf and increase the reliability of discrimination by > 20% over characters that have been used for species discrimination, some of which are unreliable. The unsatisfactory performance of the models in discriminating Farfantepenaeus sp. from the eastern Gulf is consistent with the possibility of different ecological populations in the eastern and western Gulf that may warrant further study. Integration of molecular taxonomy and comparative morphology, as we did here, can provide insight into the patterns of diversity and ecological and evolutionary principles that encompass fisheries management. C1 [Ditty, James G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Bremer, Jaime R. Alvarado] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. RP Ditty, JG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM Jim.Ditty@NOAA.gov; alvaradj@tamug.edu RI Ditty, Jim/B-6686-2009 FU Texas Sea [424013] FX We thank Texas Sea Grant for funding this study (Project 424013) and the Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA for additional support. Thanks to Shawn Hillen, Juan Salas, Jennifer Doerr, Jennifer Atchison, and Dr. Ronnie Baker of NOAA's Galveston Laboratory who participated in sample collection. We also thank Dr. Ed Matheson, Nicole Dunham and Bobby McDonald of the Florida Freshwater Fish Commission; Dr. Jim Tolan of Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; and, Dr. Maria Criales of the University of Miami, Florida, for providing shrimp from other areas of the Gulf of Mexico for comparison. Thanks also to Dr. Darryl Felder of the University of Louisiana, Lafayette; Dr. Heather Bracken currently of Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and, Brandon Saxton, formerly of Texas A&M University, Galveston, for assistance with molecular identification. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggested manuscript improvements. The findings and conclusions of this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency or NOAA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 126 EP 137 DI 10.1651/10-3304.1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 722JA UT WOS:000287427300014 ER PT J AU Moxim, WJ Fan, SM Levy, H AF Moxim, Walter J. Fan, Song-Miao Levy, Hiram, II TI The meteorological nature of variable soluble iron transport and deposition within the North Atlantic Ocean basin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN DUST TRANSPORT; MINERAL DUST; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INDIVIDUAL-PARTICLE; EROSION THRESHOLD; EASTERLY WAVES; GOCART MODEL; DESERT DUST; AEROSOL AB Aerosol transport from the Sahara desert to the North Atlantic Ocean generates the largest annual flux of mineral dust and total Fe found in the global oceans, enriching the mixed layer with soluble iron. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Global Chemical Transport model to examine the transport and deposition of bioavailable iron on time scales ranging from seasonal to daily. The model is compared with observed mineral dust concentrations, depositions, and soluble Fe fractions. It is shown that simulated cumulative soluble Fe deposition (SFeD) employing a variable Fe solubility parameterization compares well with observed short-term changes of dissolved iron within a thermally stratified surface mixed layer, while assuming a constant 2% solubility does not. The largest year-to-year variability of seasonal SFeD (45 to 90%) occurs throughout winter and spring in the central and northeast Atlantic Ocean. It is strongly linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, producing substantially more SFeD during the positive phase than the negative phase. The ratio of wet to total SFeD increases with distance from the Saharan source region and is especially large when concentrations are small during the negative NAO. In summer, the relatively steady circulation around the Azores high results in low interannual variability of SFeD (<30%); however, regional short-term events are found to be highly episodic, and daily deposition rates can be a factor of 4 or more higher than the monthly mean flux. Three-dimensional backward trajectories are used to determine the origin and evolution of a specific SFeD event. We show that the dust mass-mean sedimentation rate should be incorporated into the air parcel dynamical vertical velocity for a more precise transport path. C1 [Moxim, Walter J.; Fan, Song-Miao; Levy, Hiram, II] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Moxim, WJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, POB 308,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM bud.moxim@noaa.gov NR 114 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D03203 DI 10.1029/2010JD014709 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717FT UT WOS:000287029700004 ER PT J AU Silva, VBS Kousky, VE Higgins, RW AF Silva, Viviane B. S. Kousky, Vernon E. Higgins, R. Wayne TI Daily Precipitation Statistics for South America: An Intercomparison between NCEP Reanalyses and Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAZIL AB In this study, the authors document the extent to which the precipitation statistics of the new CFS reanalysis (CFSR) represent an improvement over the earlier reanalyses: the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (R1) and the NCEP DOE Second Atmospheric Model lntercomparison Project (AMIP-II) reanalysis (R2). An intercomparison between the CFSR, RI, R2, and observations over South America was made for the period 1979-2006. The CFSR shows notable improvements in the large-scale precipitation patterns compared with the previous reanalyses (R1 and R2). In spite of these improvements, the CFSR has substantial biases in intensity and frequency of occurrence of rainfall events. Over west-central Brazil, the core region of the South American monsoon system (SAMS), the CFSR displays a dry bias during the onset phase of the SAMS wet season and a wet bias during the peak and decay phases of the SAMS wet season. The CFSR also displays a dry bias along the South American coast near the mouth of the Amazon and along the east coast of northeastern Brazil. A wet bias exists in all seasons over southeast Brazil and over the Andes Mountains. C1 [Silva, Viviane B. S.; Kousky, Vernon E.; Higgins, R. Wayne] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Silva, VBS (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 811, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Viviane.Silva@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 101 EP 117 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1303.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729YW UT WOS:000287991600006 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Low-frequency sound transmission through a gas-solid interface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HALF-SPACE; WATER; AIR; WAVES AB Sound transmission through gas-solid interfaces is usually very weak because of the large contrast in wave impedances at the interface. Here, it is shown that diffraction effects can lead to a dramatic increase in the transparency of gas-solid interfaces at low frequencies, resulting in the bulk of energy emitted by compact sources within a solid being radiated into a gas. The anomalous transparency is made possible by power fluxes in evanescent body waves and by excitation of interface waves. Sound transmission into gas is found to be highly sensitive to absorption of elastic waves within a solid. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Mail Code R PSD,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 129 IS 2 BP EL45 EP EL51 DI 10.1121/1.3535578 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 726HB UT WOS:000287709700002 PM 21361411 ER PT J AU Ramalingam, S Reimanis, IE Fuller, ER Haftel, JD AF Ramalingam, Subramanian Reimanis, Ivar E. Fuller, Edwin R., Jr. Haftel, Jonathan D. TI Slow Crack Growth Behavior of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina and Alumina Using the Dynamic Fatigue Indentation Technique SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL CONTACT STRESSES; R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; CYCLIC FATIGUE; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; STATIC FATIGUE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; CERAMIC MATERIALS; STRENGTH; GLASS; PROPAGATION AB A dynamic fatigue indentation technique was used to determine the slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of a medical-grade platelet-reinforced zirconia-toughened alumina and two different fine-grain aluminas: one a common grade of nominal 99.5% purity, and the other a high-purity (99.94%) medical-grade alumina. Fatigue tests in bending were performed at various loading rates with precracked Vickers indentations in 100% relative humidity conditions. Inert strength tests were performed in dry nitrogen. The dynamic fatigue analysis accounts for the presence of the indentation. The SCG power law exponent was found to be 36, 65, and 93 for the 99.5% alumina, the 99.94% alumina, and the zirconia-toughened alumina, respectively. The presence of glassy phase likely increases SCG in the 99.5% alumina compared with the higher purity alumina. The zirconia-toughened alumina exhibits a relatively steep R curve that forms due to two toughening mechanisms: platelet reinforcement and transformation toughening. It is apparent that neither of mechanisms degrades significantly due to moisture-assisted SCG. C1 [Ramalingam, Subramanian; Reimanis, Ivar E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Colorado Ctr Adv Ceram, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Fuller, Edwin R., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haftel, Jonathan D.] C5 Med Werks Inc, Grand Junction, CO 81505 USA. RP Reimanis, IE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Colorado Ctr Adv Ceram, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM reimanis@mines.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46397] FX This work was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences Grant #DE-FG02-07ER46397. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 94 IS 2 BP 576 EP 583 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04086.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 714SU UT WOS:000286830100047 ER PT J AU Wiederhorn, SM Guin, JP Fett, T AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Guin, Jean-Pierre Fett, Theo TI The Use of Atomic Force Microscopy to Study Crack Tips in Glass SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Stress Corrosion Cracking in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures CY SEP, 2009 CL Padua, ITALY ID LIME-SILICATE GLASS; STRESS-CORROSION; STATIC FATIGUE; INDENTATION CREEP; VITREOUS SILICA; GROWTH PROCESS; FUSED-SILICA; WATER; PROPAGATION; FRACTURE AB This article presents a review of the application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to crack-tip corrosion during subcritical crack growth in glass. The two principal experimental techniques used in this type of study are (1) the direct observation of crack motion by scanning the tip of a crack during crack growth and (2) the examination of fracture surfaces once the specimen has been fractured in two. The first technique has been used to demonstrate and quantify water condensation at crack tips during subcritical crack growth and is particularly useful at low crack velocities. The second technique has been used to quantify the crack-tip corrosion process and the shape of the crack tip during crack growth. In this article, we discuss experimental results showing that the environment that develops at the tips of freshly fractured glass surfaces in soda lime glass can corrode the glass surfaces near the crack tip. Soda lime silicate glass contains mobile alkali ions that will exchange with hydronium ions in solution at the crack tip, forming a highly basic solution that is corrosive to glass. Experimental evidence for such corrosion has been obtained by the atomic force microscope, which demonstrates a displacement of the two fracture surfaces near the crack tip that can be as much as 20 nm, depending on how long the crack is held open at the fatigue limit. Despite the corrosion and displacement of the crack surfaces, the crack tip itself appears to remain sharp, suggesting that the fatigue limit in soda lime silicate glass is not due to crack-tip blunting. Most likely, the fatigue limit is a consequence of ion exchange at the crack tip, in which hydronium ions in the crack-tip solution exchange with sodium ions in the glass. As hydronium ions are larger than sodium ions, this exchange process leaves a compressive stress within the fresh fracture surface of the glass that resists crack motion and results in a stress-corrosion fatigue limit, as first proposed by Bunker and Michalske. In agreement with this mechanism, no fatigue limit is observed for silica glass, which also exhibits no ion exchange. As the crack-tip solution in silica glass is only mildly acidic, pH approximate to 5, corrosion does not occur at crack tips of this glass as supported by the observation that no crack-tip displacements are observed in silica glass by AFM. As the proposed ion exchange mechanism used to explain the stress corrosion limit in glass is at variance with the belief that the fatigue limit in glass is the result of crack-tip blunting, we discuss the possibility of plastic deformation at crack tips in glass and conclude that the available experimental data does not support such a model. At the present time, chemical reaction based crack growth theories are most consistent with the body of crack growth data that is available on glass and are probably the best explanation for the phenomenon. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, LARMAUR ERL CNRS 6274, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Fett, Theo] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Keram Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 42A IS 2 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0411-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 714WO UT WOS:000286839900003 ER PT J AU Melvin, EF Dietrich, KS Fitzgerald, S Cardoso, T AF Melvin, Edward F. Dietrich, Kimberly S. Fitzgerald, Shannon Cardoso, Tamre TI Reducing seabird strikes with trawl cables in the pollock catcher-processor fleet in the eastern Bering Sea SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seabird bycatch; Trawl fisheries; Walleye pollock; Trawl seabird mitigation; Collaborative research ID FACTORY TRAWLERS; MORTALITY; MITIGATION AB Effective mitigation measures were developed to reduce high levels of seabird mortality due to warp strikes in southern hemisphere trawl fisheries. However, in northern hemisphere trawl fisheries, little is known about the extent of cable strike seabird mortality or techniques to mitigate it. We compared the rate of heavy seabird strikes by third-wire cables and warps, using three mitigation measures compared to a control of no mitigation. Experiments were conducted aboard two catcher-processor vessels targeting walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea: one that rendered offal into fish meal and fish oil (Vessel R) and one that minced offal prior to discharge (Vessel M). More birds attended Vessel M, but the rate of seabird cable strikes was higher on Vessel R due to the greater aerial extent of its cables. Streamer lines significantly reduced heavy seabird strikes by both cable types regardless of discharge characteristics. Reducing the aerial extent of third wires also reduced third-wire strike rates, but this method was less effective than streamer lines. Warp booms designed to divert seabirds from warps failed to reduce seabird warp strikes, but this technique could be improved. These results show for the first time that seabird strikes with modern third-wire trawl sonar cable systems can be reduced through mitigation or gear modification and that warp strikes can be mitigated with techniques similar to those found successful in southern hemisphere fisheries. Mitigation measures and concepts identified in this study should be widely applicable. C1 [Melvin, Edward F.; Dietrich, Kimberly S.] Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fitzgerald, Shannon] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cardoso, Tamre] TerraStat Consulting Grp, Snohomish, WA 98290 USA. RP Melvin, EF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Sea Grant, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM edmelvin@uw.edu FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [701813J541]; University of Washington [NA04OAR4170032, A/F-6]; NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program FX This research was funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Agreement 701813J541) and from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No NA04OAR4170032, Project A/F-6. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program provided funding to retrofit two vessels with mitigation equipment. The Pollock Conservation Cooperative instigated this research, and Glacier Fish Company and American Seafoods Company hosted this research aboard their vessels and provided full cooperation at every stage. Ed Melvin, Stephani Holzwarth, Ben Starkhouse, Shannon Fitzgerald, Jeff Pesta, and Chris Thompson collected data at sea. Michelle Wainstein provided logistical support. Captain Tim Thomas provided a host of ideas for the development of mitigation measures tested in this study. Reviews by Richard Draves, Taina Honkalehto, Howard McElderry, Ed Richardson, Craig Rose, Ben Sullivan, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0873-1 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728WG UT WOS:000287904600006 ER PT J AU Pitman, RL Durban, JW Greenfelder, M Guinet, C Jorgensen, M Olson, PA Plana, J Tixier, P Towers, JR AF Pitman, Robert L. Durban, John W. Greenfelder, Michael Guinet, Christophe Jorgensen, Morton Olson, Paula A. Plana, Jordi Tixier, Paul Towers, Jared R. TI Observations of a distinctive morphotype of killer whale (Orcinus orca), type D, from subantarctic waters SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Killer whale; Orcinus orca; Subantarctic; Type D ID NEW-ZEALAND WATERS; CROZET; DIVERGENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Studies have shown that killer whale (Orcinus orca) communities in high latitudes regularly comprise assemblages of sympatric 'ecotypes' - forms that differ in morphology, behavior, and prey preferences. Although they can appear superficially similar, recent genetic evidence suggests that breeding is assortative among ecotypes within individual communities, and species-level divergences are inferred in some cases. Here, we provide information on a recently recognized 'type D' killer whale based on photographs of a 1955 mass stranding in New Zealand and our own six at-sea sightings since 2004. It is the most distinctive-looking form of killer whale that we know of, immediately recognizable by its extremely small white eye patch. Its geographic range appears to be circumglobal in subantarctic waters between latitudes 40 degrees S and 60 degrees S. School sizes are relatively large (mean 17.6; range 9-35; n = 7), and although nothing is known about the type D diet, it is suspected to include fish because groups have been photographed around longline vessels where they reportedly depredate Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides). C1 [Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.; Olson, Paula A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Guinet, Christophe; Tixier, Paul] CNRS, CEBC, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, Beauvoir Niort, France. [Plana, Jordi] Quaternary Res Ctr CEQUA, Punta Arenas, Chile. [Towers, Jared R.] Marine Educ & Res Soc, Alert Bay, BC V0N 1A0, Canada. RP Pitman, RL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM robert.pitman@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 34 IS 2 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1007/s00300-010-0871-3 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 728WG UT WOS:000287904600014 ER PT J AU White, CC Tan, KT O'Brien, EP Hunston, DL Chin, JW Williams, RS AF White, C. C. Tan, K. T. O'Brien, E. P. Hunston, D. L. Chin, J. W. Williams, R. S. TI Design, fabrication, and implementation of thermally driven outdoor testing devices for building joint sealants SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB The paper describes the development, implementation, and testing of two thermally driven outdoor exposure instruments. These devices are unique in their ability to impose field generated thermally induced strain on sealant specimens while monitoring their resulting load and displacement. The instruments combine a fixed wood and steel supporting frame with a moving polyvinyl chloride frame, and employ differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the supporting frame and moving frame to induce strain on the sealant specimens. Two different kinds of instruments have been fabricated, "winter/tension" and "winter/compression" designs. In the winter/tension design, the thermally induced dimensional change is directly transferred to the specimens; while in the winter/compression design, the samples are loaded in an opposite direction with the dimensional change. Both designs are instrumented to monitor load and displacement and are built so that the strain on the specimen does not exceed +/- 25% over the range of temperatures expected in Gaithersburg, MD. Additionally, a weather station is colocated with the device to record environmental conditions in 1 min intervals. This combination of weather information with mechanical property data enables a direct link between environmental conditions and the corresponding sealant response. The reliability and effectiveness of these instruments are demonstrated with a typical sealant material. The results show that the instruments work according to the design criteria and provide a meaningful quantitative platform to monitor the mechanical response of sealant exposed to outdoor weathering. [doi:10.1063/1.3543817] C1 [White, C. C.; Tan, K. T.; O'Brien, E. P.; Hunston, D. L.; Chin, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, R. S.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIST industry/government consortium on the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials FX The support from the NIST industry/government consortium on the Service Life Prediction of Sealant Materials is greatly appreciated. Participating companies include DAP, Degussa, Dow Corning, Kaneka Texas, SIKA, Solvay, Tremco, and Wacker Silicones. Also, the technical assistance from Jason Garver and Arthur Ellison is highly appreciated. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 82 IS 2 AR 025112 DI 10.1063/1.3543817 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 727PM UT WOS:000287813400072 PM 21361638 ER PT J AU Khripin, CY Pristinski, D Dunphy, DR Brinker, CJ Kaehr, B AF Khripin, Constantine Y. Pristinski, Denis Dunphy, Darren R. Brinker, C. Jeffrey Kaehr, Bryan TI Protein-Directed Assembly of Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Silica Architectures SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE biomimetic synthesis; biomineralization; diatom; multiphoton fabrication; silica; silicon ID PRESERVING REACTIVE CONVERSION; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; DIATOM MICROSHELLS; MULTIPHOTON LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; BIOSILICA; TEMPLATES; BIOMINERALIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB Through precise control of nanoscale building blocks, such as proteins and polyamines, silica condensing microorganisms are able to create intricate mineral structures displaying hierarchical features from nano- to millimeter-length scales. The creation of artificial structures of similar characteristics is facilitated through biomimetic approaches, for instance, by first creating a bioscaffold comprised of silica condensing moieties which, in turn, govern silica deposition into three-dimensional (3D) structures. In this work, we demonstrate a protein-directed approach to template silica into true arbitrary 3D architectures by employing cross-linked protein hydrogels to controllably direct silica condensation. Protein hydrogels are fabricated using multiphoton lithography, which enables user-defined control over template features in three dimensions. Silica deposition, under acidic conditions, proceeds throughout protein hydrogel templates via flocculation of silica nanoparticles by protein molecules, as indicated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and time-dependent measurements of elastic modulus. Following silica deposition, the protein template can be removed using mild thermal processing yielding high surface area (625 m(2)/g) porous silica replicas that do not undergo significant volume change compared to the starting template. We demonstrate the capabilities of this approach to create bioinspired silica microstructures displaying hierarchical features over broad length scales and the infiltration/functionalization capabilities of the nanoporous silica matrix by laser printing a 3D gold image within a 3D silica matrix. This work provides a foundation to potentially understand and mimic biogenic silica condensation under the constraints of user-defined biotemplates and further should vale a wide range of complex Inorganic architectures to be explored using silica transformational chemistries, for instance silica to silicon, as demonstrated herein. C1 [Brinker, C. Jeffrey; Kaehr, Bryan] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Dunphy, Darren R.; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, NSF, UNM Ctr Microengn Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Dunphy, Darren R.; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, NSF, UNM Ctr Microengn Mat, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Pristinski, Denis] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaehr, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bjkaehr@sandia.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [9550-10-1-0054]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Sandia National Laboratories; United States DOE's NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank A. McClung for help with 3D rendering, C. Brodie for use of diatom images, and X. Jiang for help with TEM. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant 9550-10-1-0054, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. B.K. gratefully acknowledges the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program for support. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States DOE's NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 97 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2011 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1401 EP 1409 DI 10.1021/nn1031774 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 724CN UT WOS:000287553800082 PM 21218791 ER PT J AU Orr, AJ VanBlaricom, GR DeLong, RL Cruz-Escalona, VH Newsome, SD AF Orr, A. J. VanBlaricom, G. R. DeLong, R. L. Cruz-Escalona, V. H. Newsome, S. D. TI Intraspecific comparison of diet of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) assessed using fecal and stable isotope analyses SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-MIGUEL-ISLAND; FEEDING-HABITS; FUR SEALS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; DELTA-N-15 ANALYSIS; TEMPORAL VARIATION; MARINE; CARBON; PINNIPEDS AB The diet of juvenile and adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus (Lesson, 1828)) at San Miguel Island, California, was estimated and compared using fecal and stable isotope analyses to determine dietary differences by age. Fecal samples were collected during 2002-2006 and prey remains were identified. Stable carbon (delta C-13) and stable nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope values were determined from plasma and fur obtained from yearlings, 2- to 3-year-old juveniles, and adult females during 2005 and 2006. Juveniles ate more than 15 prey taxa, whereas adult females consumed more than 33 taxa. Relative importance of prey was determined using percent frequency of occurrence (%FO). Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854, Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842), Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855), genus Sebastes Cuvier, 1829, and Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911 were the most frequently occurring (%FO > 10%) prey in the feces of both juvenile and adult female sea lions, although their importance varied between age groups. Only yearlings had significantly different isotopic values than older conspecifics, indicating that older juveniles were feeding at a similar trophic level and in similar habitats as adult females. Whereas each method had biases, combining the two provided a better understanding of the diet of California sea lions and intraspecific differences. C1 [Orr, A. J.; DeLong, R. L.] NOAA, NMML, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Orr, A. J.; VanBlaricom, G. R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cruz-Escalona, V. H.] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Lab Dinam & Manejo Ecosistemas Acuat, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico. [Newsome, S. D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Orr, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, NMML, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tony.orr@noaa.gov NR 83 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 89 IS 2 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1139/Z10-101 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 724YE UT WOS:000287611500004 ER PT J AU Peng, P Kumar, A Wang, W AF Peng, P. Kumar, A. Wang, W. TI An analysis of seasonal predictability in coupled model forecasts SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY; GCM SIMULATIONS; EL-NINO; PREDICTION; ENSO; ENSEMBLE; SYSTEM; HEIGHTS AB In the recent decade, operational seasonal prediction systems based on initialized coupled models have been developed. An analysis of how the predictability of seasonal means in the initialized coupled predictions evolves with lead-time is presented. Because of the short lead-time, such an analysis for the temporal behavior of seasonal predictability involves a mix of both the predictability of the first and the second kind. The analysis focuses on the lead-time dependence of ensemble mean variance, and the forecast spread. Further, the analysis is for a fixed target season of December-January-February, and is for sea surface temperature, rainfall, and 200-mb height. The analysis is based on a large set of hindcasts from an initialized coupled seasonal prediction system. Various aspects of predictability of the first and the second kind are highlighted for variables with long (for example, SST), and fast (for example, atmospheric) adjustment time scale. An additional focus of the analysis is how the predictability in the initialized coupled seasonal predictions compares with estimates based on the AMIP simulations. The results indicate that differences in the set up of AMIP simulations and coupled predictions, for example, representation of air-sea interactions, and evolution of forecast spread from initial conditions do not change fundamental conclusion about the seasonal predictability. A discussion of the analysis presented herein, and its implications for the use of AMIP simulations for climate attribution, and for time-slice experiments to provide regional information, is also included. C1 [Kumar, A.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Peng, P.; Kumar, A.; Wang, W.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0711-8 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 716AL UT WOS:000286937100017 ER PT J AU Ferguson, IM Duffy, PB Phillips, TJ Liang, X Dracup, JA Schubert, S Pegion, P AF Ferguson, Ian M. Duffy, Philip B. Phillips, Thomas J. Liang, Xu Dracup, John A. Schubert, Siegfried Pegion, Philip TI Non-stationarity of the signal and noise characteristics of seasonal precipitation anomalies SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE PREDICTABILITY; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; NATURAL VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SIMULATION SKILLS; GCM SIMULATIONS; ENSEMBLE AB In order to improve seasonal-to-interannual precipitation forecasts and their application by decision makers, there is a clear need to understand when, where, and to what extent seasonal precipitation anomalies are driven by potentially predictable surface-atmosphere interactions versus to chaotic interannual atmospheric dynamics. Using a simple Monte Carlo approach, interannual variability and linear trends in the SST-forced signal and potential predictability of boreal winter precipitation anomalies is examined in an ensemble of twentieth century AGCM simulations. Signal and potential predictability are shown to be non-stationary over more than 80% of the globe, while chaotic noise is shown to be stationary over most of the globe. Correlation analysis with respect to magnitudes of the four leading modes of global SST variability suggests that interannual variability and trends in signal and potential predictability over 35% of the globe is associated with ENSO-related SST variability; signal and potential predictability are not significantly associated with SST modes characterized by a global SST trend, North Atlantic SST variability, and North Pacific SST variability, respectively. Results suggest that mechanisms other than SST variability contribute to the non-stationarity of signal and noise characteristics of hydroclimatic variability over mid- and high-latitude regions. C1 [Ferguson, Ian M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Duffy, Philip B.] Climate Cent Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Phillips, Thomas J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diagnost & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. [Liang, Xu] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Dracup, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schubert, Siegfried] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pegion, Philip] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ferguson, IM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM imfergus@mines.edu; pduffy@climatecentral.org; phillips14@llnl.gov; xuliang@engr.pitt.edu; dracup@ce.berkeley.edu; siegfried.d.schubert@nasa.gov; Phillip.Pegion@noaa.gov RI Pegion, Philip/E-5247-2012 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 739 EP 752 DI 10.1007/s00382-010-0850-y PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 716AL UT WOS:000286937100024 ER PT J AU Tirado-Mendez, JA Jardon-Aguilar, H Flores-Leal, R Reyes-Ayala, M Iturbide-Sanchez, F AF Alfredo Tirado-Mendez, Jose Jardon-Aguilar, Hildeberto Flores-Leal, Ruben Reyes-Ayala, Mario Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio TI Inductively-Loaded Yagi-Uda Antenna With Cylindrical Cover for Size Reduction at VHF-UHF Bands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Reactive load; size reduction; wire antenna; Yagi-Uda ID DESIGN AB A new technique is employed to reduce the size of Yagi-Uda antennas. The technique consists of adding short circuited cylindrical covers to the structure, making the elements be inductively loaded, and as a result, increase the electric length. A prototype resonating at 660 MHz is developed, and compared to a conventional Yagi-Uda antenna. An effective area reduction of 35% is achieved without decreasing, considerably, the gain, preserving the bandwidth, and front to back lobe ratio. C1 [Alfredo Tirado-Mendez, Jose] CINVESTAV, Res & Adv Studies Ctr, Inst Politecn Nacl, San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, DF, Mexico. [Alfredo Tirado-Mendez, Jose; Reyes-Ayala, Mario] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 02200, DF, Mexico. [Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio] IM Syst Grp Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tirado-Mendez, JA (reprint author), CINVESTAV, Res & Adv Studies Ctr, Inst Politecn Nacl, San Pedro Zacatenco 07360, DF, Mexico. EM jatirado@cinvestav.mx; mra@correo.azc.uam.mx; iturbide@ieee.org RI Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/F-9186-2014 OI Iturbide-Sanchez, Flavio/0000-0002-8539-0073 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2096397 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YN UT WOS:000286931700002 ER PT J AU Simon-Manso, Y Neta, P Yang, XY Stein, SE AF Simon-Manso, Yamil Neta, Pedatsur Yang, Xiaoyu Stein, Stephen E. TI Loss of 45 Da from a(2) Ions and Preferential Loss of 48 Da from a(2) Ions Containing Methionine in Peptide Ion Tandem Mass Spectra SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Peptides; Peptide ions; Mass spectra; MS/MS spectra; Fragmentation; Neutral losses; Loss of formamide; Loss of methyl mercaptan; Collision energy dependence ID PROTONATED PEPTIDES; B(2) IONS; FRAGMENTATION; DISSOCIATION AB While analyzing tandem mass spectra of tryptic tripeptides, intense unassigned peaks were observed, corresponding to neutral loss of 45 Da from a(2) ions. This process was confirmed by MS3 experiments. Based on exact mass analysis, the loss was ascribed to (NH3 + CO) or formamide. The proposed mechanism involves a cyclic form of the a(2) ions. The structure of the a(2) - 45 ions was confirmed by their fragmentation in MS3 experiments. Loss of (NH3 + CO) from the a(2) ions occurs in competition with other paths, such as the loss of H2O or the formation of immonium ions. However, if the a(2) ion contains methionine, a neutral loss of 48 Da (ascribed to CH3SH) predominates, and is followed by the loss of (NH3 + CO). These processes were confirmed by MS3 experiments. The intensity of the a(2) - 48 peak formed from XaaMet has a maximum value of 42% (of the total intensity of all ions) for Xaa=Gly, varies between 15% and 40% for most other Xaa residues, is lower for residues that can undergo loss of water or ammonia, and is very low for Lys or Arg. When the order of the residues is reversed to MetXaa, the loss of 48 Da is much smaller. This effect can be used to determine the sequence of b(2) ions containing Met in proteomic studies. Considerable loss of CH3SH is observed from doubly protonated tryptic tripeptides with N-terminal Met, but the loss is much less when they are singly protonated or when Met is in the center position. C1 [Simon-Manso, Yamil; Neta, Pedatsur; Yang, Xiaoyu; Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Neta, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pedi@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 BP 280 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s13361-010-0025-4 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 726CO UT WOS:000287696500009 PM 21472587 ER PT J AU Barnes, BM Attota, R Quintanilha, R Sohn, YJ Silver, RM AF Barnes, B. M. Attota, R. Quintanilha, R. Sohn, Y-J Silver, R. M. TI Characterizing a scatterfield optical platform for semiconductor metrology SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scatterfield microscopy; Kohler illumination; microscope characterization; semiconductor metrology ID SCATTEROMETRY AB Scatterfield microscopy is the union of a high-magnification imaging platform and the angular and/or wavelength control of scatterometry at the sample surface. Scatterfield microscopy uses Kohler illumination, where each point on the source translates to a particular angle of illumination yet also yields spatial illumination homogeneity. To apply scatterfield microscopy to quantitative metrology, several aspects of the optical column must be well understood. Characterizations are presented of the illumination intensity, angle, polarization, and measured glare as functions of the position of an aperture in the conjugate to the back focal plane (CBFP) of the objective lens. The characterization of a reference sample is shown to be as important as the inspection of other optical elements in the optical column. Reflectivity can be derived for line arrays lacking diffractive orders by measuring such a reference and deriving a 'tool function' to account for the current state of the optical platform. Examples from defect, critical dimension, and overlay metrologies are presented to demonstrate the necessity of characterization for scatterfield microscopy. C1 [Barnes, B. M.; Attota, R.; Silver, R. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quintanilha, R.; Sohn, Y-J] KT Consulting, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU ISMI; Office of Microelectronics at NIST; NIST FX The authors would like to thank Dr Thomas Germer and Dr Steven Brown, both of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory, for electromagnetic modeling development and for the loan of an integrating sphere, respectfully. The authors also thank ISMI/SEMATECH3 and the NanoFab of NIST for wafer fabrication and measurement support. They are grateful for financial support from ISMI, the Office of Microelectronics Programs at NIST and the Scatterfield Optical Competence also from NIST. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024003 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200004 ER PT J AU Farkas, N Dagata, JA Yang, C Rait, A Pirollo, KF Chang, EH AF Farkas, N. Dagata, J. A. Yang, C. Rait, A. Pirollo, K. F. Chang, E. H. TI Combined scanning probe and light scattering characterization of multi-stage self-assembly of targeted liposome-based delivery systems SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE targeted nanoparticle delivery system; scanning probe microscopy; dynamic light scattering; magnetic contrast agents; liposome ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GENE DELIVERY; VESICLES; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSFECTION; CANCER; DRUGS; AFM AB The mean size and size distribution of a targeted nanoparticle delivery system (NDS) strongly influences the intrinsic stability and functionality of this molecular complex, affects its performance as a systemic drug delivery platform and ultimately determines its efficacy toward early detection and treatment of cancer. Since its components undergo significant reorganization during multiple stages of self-assembly, it is essential to monitor the size and stability of the complex throughout the NDS formulation in order to ensure its potency and manufacturability prior to entering clinical trials. This work combines scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques to obtain quantitative and reliable size measurements of the NDS, and to investigate how variations in the NDS formulation or self-assembly process impact the size, structure and functionality of the complex with various therapeutic and diagnostic agent payloads. These combined SPM and DLS methods, when implemented at an early stage of the NDS formulation, present a potential measurement approach to facilitate drug discovery and development, optimization and quality control during manufacturing of the NDS. C1 [Farkas, N.; Dagata, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, C.; Rait, A.; Pirollo, K. F.; Chang, E. H.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Oncol, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20017 USA. RP Dagata, JA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.dagata@nist.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024006 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024006 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200007 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, A Archie, C Ming, B AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras Archie, Charles Ming, Bin TI Review of current progress in nanometrology with the helium ion microscope SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE helium ion; microscope; HIM; scanning electron microscope; SEM; nanomanufacturing; nanometrology; critical dimension ID MONTE-CARLO CODE; C-LANGUAGE; LITHOGRAPHY; METROLOGY; CASINO; ELECTRONS; TOOL AB Scanning electron microscopy has been employed as an imaging and measurement tool for more than 50 years and it continues as a primary tool in many research and manufacturing facilities across the world. A new challenger to this work is the helium ion microscope (HIM). The HIM is a new imaging and metrology technology. Essentially, substitution of the electron source with a helium ion source yields a tool visually similar in function to the scanning electron microscope, but very different in the fundamental imaging and measurement process. The imaged and measured signal originates differently than in the scanning electron microscope and that fact and its single atom source diameter may be able to push the obtainable resolution lower, provide greater depth-of-field and ultimately improve the metrology. Successful imaging and metrology with this instrument entails understanding and modeling of new ion beam/specimen interaction physics. As a new methodology, HIM is beginning to show promise and the abundance of potentially advantageous applications for nanometrology has yet to be fully exploited. This paper discusses some of the progress made at NIST in collaboration with IBM to understand the science behind this new technology. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras; Ming, Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Archie, Charles] IBM Corp, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Syst & Technol Grp, Hopewell Jct, NY 12533 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM postek@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; SEMATECH FX The authors would like to thank and acknowledge the collaboration with D Winston and K Berggren of MIT, Cambridge, MA, on the helium ion beam lithography work and the strong collaborations afforded by Zeiss SMT, regarding the development of this paper and their commitment and continued efforts to improve instrumentation for nanotechnology and nanometrology. They would also like to thank Zeiss for the use of some of the micrographs used in this paper. The authors would also like to thank both the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and SEMATECH for partially funding this work. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024004 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024004 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200005 ER PT J AU Postek, MT Vladar, A Dagata, J Farkas, N Ming, B Wagner, R Raman, A Moon, RJ Sabo, R Wegner, TH Beecher, J AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras Dagata, John Farkas, Natalia Ming, Bin Wagner, Ryan Raman, Arvind Moon, Robert J. Sabo, Ronald Wegner, Theodore H. Beecher, James TI Development of the metrology and imaging of cellulose nanocrystals SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cellulose; nanofibers; nanocrystal; microscopy; standards; metrology; measurement ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELASTIC-MODULUS; NATIVE CELLULOSE; WHISKERS; NANOPARTICLES; STABILIZATION; CONSTANTS AB The development of metrology for nanoparticles is a significant challenge. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one group of nanoparticles that have high potential economic value but present substantial challenges to the development of the measurement science. Even the largest trees owe their strength to this newly appreciated class of nanomaterials. Cellulose is the world's most abundant natural, renewable, biodegradable polymer. Cellulose occurs as whisker-like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in plant material in a continuous fashion. The nanocrystals are isolated by hydrolyzing away the amorphous segments leaving the acid resistant crystalline fragments. Therefore, the basic raw material for new nanomaterial products already abounds in nature and is available to be utilized in an array of future materials. However, commercialization requires the development of efficient manufacturing processes and nanometrology to monitor quality. This paper discusses some of the instrumentation, metrology and standards issues associated with the ramping up for production and use of CNCs. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras; Dagata, John; Farkas, Natalia; Ming, Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wagner, Ryan; Raman, Arvind; Moon, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Moon, Robert J.; Sabo, Ronald; Wegner, Theodore H.; Beecher, James] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM postek@nist.gov FU US Forest Service; Purdue University FX The authors would like to thank US Forest Service and Purdue University for partially funding this project. They are grateful to Professors Jeff Capadona and Stuart Rowan from Case Western University and Christoph Weder from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland for providing the tunicate CNCs used in the SPM nanomechanics testing. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024005 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200006 ER PT J AU Collard, A Hilton, F Forsythe, M Candy, B AF Collard, Andrew Hilton, Fiona Forsythe, Mary Candy, Brett TI From Observations to Forecasts - Part 8: The use of satellite observations in numerical weather prediction SO WEATHER LA English DT Article ID ASSIMILATION; IMPACT; ECMWF; WINDS; SYSTEM C1 [Collard, Andrew] NOAA, IMSG, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Hilton, Fiona; Forsythe, Mary; Candy, Brett] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Collard, A (reprint author), World Weather Bldg 207,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM andrew.collard@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0043-1656 EI 1477-8696 J9 WEATHER JI Weather PD FEB PY 2011 VL 66 IS 2 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1002/wea.736 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 724WJ UT WOS:000287606800001 ER PT J AU Willingham, KM Thompson, EJ Howard, KW Dempsey, CL AF Willingham, Katherine M. Thompson, Elizabeth J. Howard, Kenneth W. Dempsey, Charles L. TI Characteristics of Sonoran Desert Microbursts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ARIZONA; DOPPLER RADAR; STORM; THUNDERSTORMS; DOWNBURSTS; PATTERNS; PHOENIX; WEATHER; MONSOON; PROJECT AB During the 2008 North American monsoon season, 140 microburst events were identified in Phoenix, Arizona, and the surrounding Sonoran Desert. The Sonoran microbursts were studied and examined for their frequency and characteristics, as observed from data collected from three Doppler radars and electrical power infrastructure damage reports. Sonoran microburst events were wet microbursts and occurred most frequently in the evening hours (1900-2100 local time). Stronger maximum differential velocities (20-25 m s(-1)) were observed more frequently in Sonoran microbursts than in many previously documented microbursts. Alignment of Doppler radar data to reports of wind-related damage to electrical power infrastructure in Phoenix allowed a comparison of microburst wind damage versus gust-front wind damage. For these damage reports. microburst winds caused more significant damage than gust-front winds. C1 [Willingham, Katherine M.; Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Willingham, Katherine M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Thompson, Elizabeth J.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Geog & Meteorol, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Dempsey, Charles L.] Salt River Project, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Willingham, KM (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM katherine.willingham@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program FX The SMART-R deployment and data collection and the power transmission damage summary were facilitated by the Salt River Project. The authors thank Charles Ester of the Salt River Project Water Operations Group for his continued support. The authors also thank Ami Arthur for providing the maps and hybrid scan height figures. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship Program through a grant award to Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222388.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725FR UT WOS:000287631100006 ER PT J AU Brill, KF Mesinger, F AF Brill, Keith F. Mesinger, Fedor TI Comments on "Applying a General Analytic Method for Assessing Bias Sensitivity to Bias-Adjusted Threat and Equitable Threat Scores" Reply SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Editorial Material ID FORECASTS C1 [Brill, Keith F.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mesinger, Fedor] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mesinger, Fedor] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Brill, KF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM keith.brill@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 126 EP 128 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222459.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725FR UT WOS:000287631100009 ER PT J AU Qin, MH Walton, G Belarbi, R Allard, F AF Qin, Menghao Walton, George Belarbi, Rafik Allard, Francis TI Simulation of whole building coupled hygrothermal-airflow transfer in different climates SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hygrothermal transfer; Building energy conservation; Multi-zone air flow; Simulation AB The coupled heat, air and moisture transfer between building envelopes and indoor air is complicated, and has a significant influence on the indoor environment and the energy performance of buildings. In the paper, a model for predicting coupled multi-zone hygrothermal-airflow transfer is presented. Both heat and moisture transfer in the building envelope and multi-zone indoor airflow are simultaneously considered; their interactions are modeled. The coupled system model is implemented into Matlab-Simulink, and is validated by using a series of testing tools and experiments. The new program is applied to investigate the moisture transfer effect on indoor air humidity and building energy consumption in different climates (hot-humid, temperate and hot-dry climates). The results show that not accounting for hygrothermal effects in modeling will result in overestimation of energy costs for hot and humid climate situations and possible over sizing of plant leading to inefficient operation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Menghao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Architecture & Urban Planning, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Qin, Menghao] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Planning Architecture & Civil Engn, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Walton, George] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Belarbi, Rafik; Allard, Francis] La Rochelle Univ, LEFTAB, Rochelle, France. RP Qin, MH (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Architecture & Urban Planning, Nanjing, Peoples R China. EM mqin@nju.edu.cn RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Qin, Menghao/B-4634-2017; OI Qin, Menghao/0000-0002-9020-6218; BELARBI, Rafik/0000-0003-4662-2094 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1470 EP 1478 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.010 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 697AN UT WOS:000285485100077 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, MC Link, JS Moustahfid, H AF Tyrrell, M. C. Link, J. S. Moustahfid, H. TI The importance of including predation in fish population models: Implications for biological reference points SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE Multispecies models; Ecosystem models; Forage species; Predation; Mortality; Recruitment; Stock assessment; Biological reference points ID SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS; SHRIMP PANDALUS-BOREALIS; BARENTS SEA CAPELIN; EASTERN BERING-SEA; MANAGING FISHERIES; MULTISPECIES FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY AB A suite of applications utilizing various fisheries models have demonstrated that natural mortality due to predation is: (1) temporally and ontogenetically variable and (2) especially for forage species, generally higher than assumed in traditional single species stock assessments. Here we demonstrate that biological reference points generated by explicitly incorporating predation mortality into population dynamic models are generally more conservative (e.g., recommend higher standing biomass) than those produced using traditional assessment methods. Because biological reference points are the benchmark against which fisheries management decisions are made, they should reflect the ecological realities faced by each species to the fullest extent possible. We suggest much broader consideration of the more conservative biological reference points produced by explicitly incorporating predation mortality as a component of natural mortality to population models. This approach could implement a powerful yet tractable facet of ecosystem based fisheries management and is especially important for those stocks where predation mortality is known or suspected to be important. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tyrrell, M. C.; Link, J. S.; Moustahfid, H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.12.025 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 722JM UT WOS:000287428500001 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, LC AF Hendrickson, Lisa C. TI Effects of a codend mesh size increase on size selectivity and catch rates in a small-mesh bottom trawl fishery for longfin inshore squid, Loligo pealeii SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Codend mesh selectivity; Loligo pealeii; Illex illecebrosus; Peprilus triacanthus; Merluccius bilinearis; Bycatch reduction ID TWINE THICKNESS; ILLEX-ILLECEBROSUS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; END SELECTIVITY; FINNED SQUID; BY-CATCH; DIAMOND; SQUARE; HADDOCK; RELIABILITY AB Loligo pealeii (longfin inshore squid) co-occurs with Atlantic butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) throughout the year and discarding in the L pealeii bottom trawl fishery is the primary source of fishing mortality on the butterfish stock. Consequently, a codend mesh size increase in the Loligo fishery has been proposed as a management measure to minimize discarding of butterfish and other bycatch species. A paired-tow study was conducted using a Loligo twin trawl to assess the effects of a codend mesh size increase, from 50 mm to 65 mm (inside stretched mesh), on catch rates and size selection of the target and bycatch species. Relative mesh selection factors estimated from a SELECT model were: 1.7, 1.5, 2.2, and 3.0 for L. pealeii; P. triacanthus; Illex illecebrosus (Northern shortfin squid); and Merluccius bilinearis (silver hake), respectively. Catches of butterfish and silver hake in the 65 mm codend were reduced by 58% and 41% in terms of numbers, respectively. However, a larger mesh size would be necessary to allow 50% escapement of the median sizes of mature silver hake and butterfish. A trade-off associated with the bycatch reductions is a 29% loss in the catch weight of the target species. However, the reduction in ex-vessel value of Loligo catch is probably not proportional to the percent loss in Loligo catch because most of the loss consisted of squid from the smallest market size categories which have the least value and are primarily discarded. In addition, a greater percentage of large, more valuable squid was caught in the 65 mm codend. The September study results likely represent a worst-case scenario with respect to Loligo catch loss because the monthly mean body size of Loligo tends to be smallest during September. Most catches of the three bycatch species evaluated herein and Loligo smaller than 10 cm are discarded, most likely dead. in the Loligo fishery. Therefore, a codend mesh size increase to 65 mm should provide some conservation benefits to these stocks if a portion survive escapement. On a fleet-wide basis, the magnitude of bycatch reductions and Loligo catch loss will vary depending on seasonal changes in mean body size, vessel-specific gear characteristics and fishing practices. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hendrickson, LC (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Lisa.Hendrickson@noaa.gov FU NMFS FX The am grateful for funding from the NMFS Northeast Cooperative Research Partners Program and to the captain of the F/V Karen Elizabeth, Chris Roebuck, and his crew as well as the following scientific field staff: Paul Kostovik, Katie Anderson, Jason Dean, Eric Matzen, and Lauren Marcinkiewiecz. Rob Johnston and Nathan Keith kindly helped stage and offload the vessel. I also thank Larry Jacobson, Henry Milliken, Fred Serchuk, Paul Rago, and the journal's anonymous reviewers, for thorough reviews that greatly improved the manuscript quality. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.019 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 722JM UT WOS:000287428500006 ER PT J AU Aykanat, T Thrower, FP Heath, DD AF Aykanat, Tutku Thrower, Frank P. Heath, Daniel D. TI Rapid evolution of osmoregulatory function by modification of gene transcription in steelhead trout SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Gene transcription; Epistasis; Non-additive genetic variance; Reciprocal crosses; Rapid evolution ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ATLANTIC SALMON; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; NATURAL-SELECTION; FRESH-WATER; CONTEMPORARY MICROEVOLUTION AB Populations experiencing sudden environmental change must be capable of rapidly evolving to survive. Here we explore changes in gene transcription as a mechanism for rapid adaptation at four osmoregulatory genes (CFTR I, NaK ATPase1 alpha a, NaK ATPase1 alpha b and GHRII) in anadromous steelhead trout versus a derived land-locked population after 14 generations. Transcription was measured before and after a 24-h saltwater challenge in pure and reciprocal hybrid offspring of fish from both populations reared in a common environment for two generations. Significant differences between the landlocked and migratory populations were observed, particularly in fresh water at the NaK ATPase1 alpha a and GHRII genes, indicating rapid evolutionary change, possibly associated with reduced energy expenditure in the landlocked lake system. Phenotypic divergence analysis (Q (ST)) shows that the observed transcriptional differences deviate from neutral expectations. Some reciprocal crosses exhibited anomalous transcription consistent with sex-linked epistatic or genetic imprinting effects. Our results highlight unpredictable phenotypic outcomes of hybridization among locally adapted populations and the need to exercise caution when interbreeding populations for conservation purposes. C1 [Aykanat, Tutku; Heath, Daniel D.] Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. [Thrower, Frank P.] NOAA, Auke Bay Lab, Natl Marine Fishery Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Heath, Daniel D.] Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Heath, DD (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM frank.thrower@noaa.gov; dheath@uwindsor.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We thank M Cristescu and B. Dixon for comments on the manuscript, P. Malecha and D. Cummins for help in the field and Mehmet Somel for statistical assistance. Support for this work comes from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Canada Research Chair funding to DDH and Protected Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries funding to FPT. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1007/s10709-010-9540-2 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 719MW UT WOS:000287209900008 PM 21190065 ER PT J AU Friess, C Sedberry, GR AF Friess, C. Sedberry, G. R. TI Genetic evidence for a single stock of the deep-sea teleost Beryx decadactylus in the North Atlantic Ocean as inferred from mtDNA control region analysis SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azores; Berycidae; Blake Plateau; Charleston Bump; population structure; sequencing ID CYTOCHROME-B GENE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; POLYPRION-AMERICANUS; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MARINE FISHES; SPLENDENS; GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION AB Mitochondrial control region sequences of 141 alfonsino Beryx decadactylus sampled off the coast of South Carolina were compared with 164 sequences from B. decadactylus collected in the Azores for inferring population structure and demographic history of this deep-water teleost in the North Atlantic Ocean. Analysis of molecular variance showed that 100% of the genetic variation was found within populations, indicating an absence of population structure ((ST) = -0 center dot 003). Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses of pooled sequences suggested that B. decadactylus in the North Atlantic Ocean have undergone population expansion. These results may indicate that transatlantic gene flow occurs, possibly through passive drift of larvae or adult migration. The potential of a shared stock between the eastern and western North Atlantic Ocean will need to be considered if a directed fishery for B. decadactylus were to develop in the U.S.A. C1 [Friess, C.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sedberry, G. R.] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Friess, C (reprint author), Ocean Conservancy, 106 E 6th St,Suite 400, Austin, TX 78701 USA. EM cfriess@oceanconservancy.org FU U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Special Programs Office [NA03NMF4720321, NA17FF2874] FX We thank B. Chapman, T. Darden, B. Eleby and S. Robbins for help with sample and data analysis. We also express our thanks to the members of the Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, & Prediction (MARMAP) laboratory at the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources for help in sample collection, to G. Menezes for providing samples from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and to two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments and suggestions to improve this manuscript. This research was supported with grants from the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Special Programs Office (NA03NMF4720321 and NA17FF2874; G. Sedberry and J. Loefer, Principal Investigators). This is Contribution No. 358 from the Grice Marine Laboratory. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 466 EP 478 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02857.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 715MH UT WOS:000286888100005 PM 21284629 ER PT J AU Patrick, M White, E Brill, RW Shiels, HA AF Patrick, M. White, E. Brill, R. W. Shiels, H. A. TI The effect of stimulation frequency on the transmural ventricular monophasic action potential in yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE compact myocardium; endocardium; epicardium; heterogeneity; interval-duration relationship; spongy myocardium ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; BLUEFIN TUNA; ENDOCARDIAL MYOCYTES; HEART-RATE; HETEROGENEITY; TEMPERATURE; MYOCARDIUM; CA2+; WALL; CARDIOMYOCYTES AB Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded from the spongy and compact layers of the yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares ventricle as stimulation frequency was increased. MAP duration decreased with increase in stimulation frequency in both the spongy and compact myocardial layers, but no significant difference in MAP duration was observed between the layers. C1 [Patrick, M.; Shiels, H. A.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Core Technol Facil, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England. [White, E.] Univ Leeds, Inst Membrane & Syst Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Brill, R. W.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Shiels, HA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Core Technol Facil, 46 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9NT, Lancs, England. EM holly.shiels@manchester.ac.uk NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02869.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 715MH UT WOS:000286888100018 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Rosati, A Zhang, SQ AF Chang, You-Soon Rosati, Anthony Zhang, Shaoqing TI A construction of pseudo salinity profiles for the global ocean: Method and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-LEVEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION AB This study demonstrates a reconstruction of salinity profiles for the global ocean for the period 1993-2008. All available temperature-salinity (T-S) profiles from the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program and Argo data are divided into two subsets; one half is used for producing the vertical coupled T-S empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes, and the other half is used for the verification. We employed a weighted least-squares method that minimizes the misfits between the predetermined EOF structures and independent observed temperature and altimetry data. Verification shows that the South Indian and North Atlantic oceans maintain good correlations to 900 m depth between the observed and reconstructed salinity with altimetry data. Meanwhile, the Pacific and Antarctic oceans below 500 m shows significant negative correlations which are associated with the relationship between steric height and salinity variability in these basins. In order to guarantee general agreement with observations for all ocean depths, we calculate a regional correlation index considering the impact of altimetry data and employ it for our final products. Except for the surface ocean, the pseudo salinity profiles show general improvements compared to the existing climatology and the reanalysis outputs from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ensemble coupled data assimilation system. Near the surface layer, reanalysis outputs show a relatively high performance due to the coupling between the atmosphere and ocean. An assimilation system produces reliable surface flux variability not accounted for the construction of the global pseudo salinity profiles. These results encourage the application of the global pseudo salinity profiles into an assimilation system for the 20th century when the observed salinity data are sparse. C1 [Chang, You-Soon; Rosati, Anthony; Zhang, Shaoqing] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chang, You-Soon] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM you-soon.chang@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL) FX This research was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL), administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). We acknowledge the international Argo and GTSPP program for the rich publicly available database. Argo is a pilot program of the Global Ocean Observing System. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by Aviso with support from CNES. We thank A. T. Wittenberg and M. J. Harrison for their comments on the earlier version of this paper. Suggestions made by anonymous reviewers were very constructive in the revision of this paper. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C02002 DI 10.1029/2010JC006386 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 717GU UT WOS:000287032400002 ER PT J AU Murch, KW Vijay, R Barth, I Naaman, O Aumentado, J Friedland, L Siddiqi, I AF Murch, K. W. Vijay, R. Barth, I. Naaman, O. Aumentado, J. Friedland, L. Siddiqi, I. TI Quantum fluctuations in the chirped pendulum SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUTORESONANT NONSTATIONARY EXCITATION; PLASMAS AB Anharmonic oscillators, such as the pendulum, are widely used for precision measurement(1) and to model nonlinear phenomena(2). Fluctuations-such as thermal or quantum mechanical noise-can excite random motion in the oscillator, ultimately imposing a bound on measurement sensitivity. In systems where equilibrium is established with the environment, noise-induced broadening scales with the intensity of fluctuations. But how does noise affect an out-of-equilibrium oscillator where the motion is varied faster than energy is exchanged with the environment? We create such a scenario by applying fast, frequency-chirped voltage pulses to a nonlinear superconducting resonator where the ring-down time is longer than the pulse duration. Under these conditions, the circuit oscillates with either small or large amplitude depending on whether the drive voltage is below or above a critical value(3). This phenomenon, known as autoresonance, is significant in planetary dynamics(4) and plasmas(5), enables the excitation of particles in cyclotron accelerators(6) and may even be used to detect the state of a quantum two-level system(7). Our results show that the amplitude of fluctuations determines the initial conditions of such a non-equilibrium oscillator and does not affect its time evolution. C1 [Murch, K. W.; Vijay, R.; Naaman, O.; Siddiqi, I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barth, I.; Friedland, L.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Aumentado, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Murch, KW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Quantum Nanoelect Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM katerm@berkeley.edu RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Siddiqi, Irfan/E-5548-2015 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; FU Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0104]; Israel Science Foundation [451/10] FX We thank A. G. Shagalov, who developed the pseudospectral code used for solving the Liouville equation. This research was funded by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), through the Army Research Office. All statements of fact, opinion or conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the official views or policies of IARPA, the ODNI, or the US Government. R.V. acknowledges funding from AFOSR under Grant No FA9550-08-1-0104; I.B. and L.F. acknowledge support from the Israel Science Foundation under Grant No 451/10. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1867 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 714JX UT WOS:000286807000009 ER PT J AU Forster, AL Pintus, P Messin, GHR Riley, MA Petit, S Rossiter, W Chin, J Rice, KD AF Forster, Amanda L. Pintus, Pierre Messin, Guillaume H. R. Riley, Michael A. Petit, Sylvain Rossiter, Walter Chin, Joannie Rice, Kirk D. TI Hydrolytic stability of polybenzobisoxazole and polyterephthalamide body armor SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE Body armor; Environmental conditioning; Viscometry; Molar mass; Hydrolysis; Poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) ID ACRYLIC-MELAMINE COATINGS; KEVLAR-49 FIBERS; DEGRADATION; EXPOSURE; POLYMERS; ACID AB Previous work conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to investigate the field failures of soft body armor containing the material poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), or PBO, revealed that this material was susceptible to hydrolysis, and a mechanism of this hydrolysis was proposed. In this work, viscometric estimations of the molar mass of environmentally conditioned PBO are used to support a previously proposed mechanism of PBO hydrolysis. Results with PBO were compared with poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), or PPTA, which has been used in body armor applications for more than 30 years. Losses in tensile strength were found to correspond to a reduction in molar mass for PBO. This indicates that chain scission due to complete hydrolysis is occurring in this material. Similar trends were observed for PPTA, but the relationship between molar mass reduction and losses in tensile strength was not as evident for this material. Confocal microscopy, mechanical properties measurements, and molecular spectroscopy are used to further investigate the degradation of both PBO and PPTA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Forster, Amanda L.; Pintus, Pierre; Messin, Guillaume H. R.; Riley, Michael A.; Rice, Kirk D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Petit, Sylvain; Rossiter, Walter; Chin, Joannie] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forster, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Law Enforcement Stand, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amanda.forster@nist.gov RI Rice, Kirk/E-5775-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 FU National Institute of Justice [2003-IJ-R-029] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research effort provided by the National Institute of Justice under Interagency Agreement Number 2003-IJ-R-029. The authors would also like to thank Minshon Chiou and Vlodek Gabara of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company for helpful discussions. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 96 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.10.004 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 717PI UT WOS:000287059500009 ER PT J AU Barbero, L Boutin, J Merlivat, L Martin, N Takahashi, T Sutherland, SC Wanninkhof, R AF Barbero, Leticia Boutin, Jacqueline Merlivat, Liliane Martin, Nicolas Takahashi, Taro Sutherland, Stewart C. Wanninkhof, Rik TI Importance of water mass formation regions for the air-sea CO2 flux estimate in the Southern Ocean SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CARBONIC-ACID; GAS-EXCHANGE; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; INTERMEDIATE; VARIABILITY; CONSTANTS; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE AB CARIOCA drifters and ship data from several cruises in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 40 degrees S-55 degrees S, have been used in order to investigate surface CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) patterns. The highest DIC values were determined in regions of deep water formation, characterized by deep mixed layer depths (MLD) as estimated from Argo float profiles. As a result, these areas act as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Using an empirical linear relationship between DIC, sea surface temperature (SST), and MLD, we then combine DIC with AT based on salinity and compute pCO(2). Finally, we derive monthly fields of air-sea CO2 flux in the SAZ. Our fit predicts the existence of a realistic seasonal cycle, close to equilibrium with the atmosphere in winter and a sink when biological activity takes place. It also reproduces the impact that deep water formation regions close to the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and in the eastern part of the SAZ have on the uptake capacity of the area. These areas, undersampled in previous studies, have high pCO(2), and as a result, our estimates (0.05 +/- 0.03 PgC yr(-1)) indicate that the Pacific SAZ acts as a weaker sink of CO2 than suggested by previous studies which neglect these source regions. C1 [Barbero, Leticia; Boutin, Jacqueline; Merlivat, Liliane; Martin, Nicolas] UPMC, CNRS, IRD, LOCEAN,IPSL, F-75252 Paris, France. [Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, Stewart C.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Barbero, L (reprint author), UPMC, CNRS, IRD, LOCEAN,IPSL, Case 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. RI Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016 OI Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; FU European Integrated Project CARBOOCEAN [511176]; U. S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Energy FX s This work has been funded through the European Integrated Project CARBOOCEAN (contract 511176). The pCO2 system aboard the RVIB Palmer was designed and maintained by T. Newberger and C. Sweeney, and the DIC measurements for Palmer samples were made by J. Goddard. The work aboard the Palmer was supported by grants to T. T. from U. S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Science Foundation (NSF). The P18 cruise was part of the CLIVAR/CO2 program cosponsored by NOAA and NSF with J. Bullister and G. Johnson as chief scientists and R. Feely and R. Wanninkhof as PIs in charge of DIC and pCO2 measurement. The Pacific WOCE cruises were funded by NSF, NOAA, and the U.S. Department of Energy. We acknowledge the generous data contributions of numerous authors to the CDIAC database which we used for our method validation as well as for atmospheric xCO2 from Macquarie Island. The authors would also like to thank the Coriolis data assembly center for providing the ARGO profiles used in this work. QuikSCAT K fields were obtained from the CERSAT/IFREMER ftp site (ftp.ifremer.fr). Finally, the authors thank J. B. Sallee for providing the MLD and SST anomaly fields regressed onto the SAM. This work has benefited from the contribution of two anonymous reviewers. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 25 AR GB1005 DI 10.1029/2010GB003818 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717JS UT WOS:000287040300001 ER PT J AU Wu, XX Jargon, JA Paraschis, L Willner, AE AF Wu, Xiaoxia Jargon, Jeffrey A. Paraschis, Loukas Willner, Alan E. TI ANN-Based Optical Performance Monitoring of QPSK Signals Using Parameters Derived From Balanced-Detected Asynchronous Diagrams SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Neural networks; optical fiber communication; optical performance monitoring; phase modulation ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS AB We demonstrate a technique of using artificial neural networks trained with parameters derived from asynchronous diagrams for optical performance monitoring of quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK) data signals. We show that asynchronous diagrams generated from balanced detection give superior results compared to single-ended detection in a 100 Gb/s QPSK system. Experimental demonstration verifies the effectiveness of the proposed technique. C1 [Wu, Xiaoxia; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jargon, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Paraschis, Loukas] Cisco, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Wu, XX (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Ming Hsieh Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM xiaoxia@usc.edu; jeffrey.jargon@nist.gov; willner@usc.edu FU DARPA CORONET PARAGON; U.S. Department of Commerce; Cisco Systems; NSF CIAN FX This work was supported by the DARPA CORONET PARAGON Program, by the U.S. Department of Commerce, by Cisco Systems, and by NSF CIAN. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 23 IS 4 BP 248 EP 250 DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2098025 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 712ON UT WOS:000286676200003 ER PT J AU Zrnic, DS Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ AF Zrnic, Dusan S. Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. TI Bias Correction and Doppler Measurement for Polarimetric Phased-Array Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bias in polarimetric variables; Doppler measurement; phased-array weather radar AB This paper discusses ways to avoid and/or mitigate biases in polarimetric variables inherent to agile-beam planar phased-array radars. Two bias-avoiding schemes produce unbiased estimates of the polarimetric backscattering covariance matrix which are then combined into bias-free polarimetric variables. One concerns full polarimetric measurements and calls for adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the array elements so that the transmitted field equals that generated by a mechanically steered polarimetric weather radar antenna; this is followed by an additional adjustment of the received fields. The second scheme is also applicable to full polarimetric measurements but involves adjustments only of the received fields. Crucial to both schemes is decoupling of the Doppler effects from the terms of the covariance matrix. It is a significant part of the bias issue that had not been previously addressed. A scheme to reduce bias applicable to nondepolarizing media (i.e., diagonal backscattering matrix) is also addressed; it calls for multiplication of the fields received by each dipole as opposed to a combination of multiplication and addition required for full correction. The schemes are applied to the alternate transmission and simultaneous reception polarimetric mode and the simultaneous transmission and simultaneous reception mode. C1 [Zrnic, Dusan S.; Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Zrnic, DS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 843 EP 853 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2057436 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 710LY UT WOS:000286514400022 ER PT J AU Franaszek, M Cheok, GS Saidi, KS AF Franaszek, Marek Cheok, Geraldine S. Saidi, Kamel S. TI Gauging the Repeatability of 3-D Imaging Systems by Sphere Fitting SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Robotic and Sensors Environments CY NOV 06-07, 2009 CL Lecco, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE Directional error function; experimental noise; nonlinear least square fitting; orthogonal error function; 3-D imaging systems ID LEAST-SQUARES; RANGE IMAGES; CIRCLE AB Multiple scans of the same object acquired with a 3-D imaging system (e. g., a laser scanner) under the same experimental conditions could provide valuable information about the instrument's performance (e. g., repeatability, existence of bias). A geometrical primitive may be fitted to multiple data sets and the variances of the fitted object's parameters may be used to evaluate the instrument's repeatability. We test this procedure on simulated data as well on data acquired in a laboratory.(1) Two different error functions (orthogonal and directional) are used to fit a sphere of known radius to the data. The spread of the sphere centers fitted with the directional function to simulated unbiased data is in agreement with the theoretically calculated variances of the fitted centers. For sphere centers fitted to simulated data with added bias and to the data acquired in a laboratory, the variances do not agree with the spread. This is interpreted as evidence that the data were not collected under repeatable conditions. The orthogonal fitting yields sphere centers in disagreement with theory both for the simulated and laboratory data sets and therefore, the choice of the error function is important. C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Cheok, Geraldine S.; Saidi, Kamel S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marek@nist.gov; cheok@nist.gov; kamel.saidi@nist.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 60 IS 2 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2050359 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 703VF UT WOS:000286008700025 ER PT J AU Vollenweider, JJ Heintz, RA Schaufler, L Bradshaw, R AF Vollenweider, Johanna J. Heintz, Ron A. Schaufler, Lawrence Bradshaw, Robert TI Seasonal cycles in whole-body proximate composition and energy content of forage fish vary with water depth SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTH PACIFIC; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; FOOD-HABITS; FAT-CONTENT; BERING-SEA AB Quantifying the nutritional quality of forage fish is integral for understanding upper trophic levels as forage fish are the dominant prey for top predator fish, marine mammals, and sea birds. Many existing reports documenting body composition of forage species are not comparable due to confounding effects. This study systematically assessed the variability in proximate composition and energy content of 16 forage species in southeastern Alaska (57.2626 N/133.7394 W) between 2001 and 2004. Variation in energy and lipid contents was related to habitat, epipelagic planktivores varying most, mesopelagics intermediate, and demersal species relatively invariable. Season was the greatest source of variation as a result of short growing seasons at high latitude and energy allocation strategies for reproduction and growth. Among species that varied seasonally, energy and lipid increased over summer and declined during winter. Annual differences in body composition occurred during periods of peak energy content. Sampling recommendations and guidance for bioenergetics models are provided. C1 [Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Heintz, Ron A.; Schaufler, Lawrence; Bradshaw, Robert] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stephens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Vollenweider, JJ (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stephens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Johanna.Vollenweider@noaa.gov FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Alaska FX We gratefully acknowledge M. Sigler of Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL), who was the principal investigator of a collaborative study which provided the logistical support and the vessel from which our samples were collected. This project would not have been possible without his key participation. Also from ABL, F. Sewall, W. Fournier, and D. Greenwell contributed significantly to chemical analyses and laboratory processing of samples. In addition, D. Csepp (ABL) organized hydro-acoustics and provided logistical support. A portion of the data included in this study were collected and analyzed for J.J.V.'s masters thesis at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences. B. Kelly, M. Stekoll, and M. Adkison from UAF were members of J.J.V's masters thesis committee and instrumental reviewers. Financial support was provided by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Steller sea lion funds. Additional funding was provided to J.J.V. by the University of Alaska Sea Grant. NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP 413 EP 427 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1569-3 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 706II UT WOS:000286211200015 ER PT J AU Walker, ML Vanderah, DJ Rubinson, KA AF Walker, Marlon L. Vanderah, David J. Rubinson, Kenneth A. TI In-situ characterization of self-assembled monolayers of water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) compounds SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry; Self-assembled monolayers; Oligo(ethylene oxide)s; Protein adsorption ID PROTEIN ADSORPTION; 1-THIAHEXA(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MOLECULAR-CONFORMATION; GOLD; SURFACES; RESISTANCE; GLYCOL); CU; OXIDES)(4-8); SPECTROSCOPY AB In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was utilized to examine the formation of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the water-soluble oligo(ethylene oxide) [OEO] disulfide [S(CH2CH2O)(6)CH3](2) {[S(EO)(6)](2)} and two analogous thiols - HS(CH2CH2O)(6)CH3 {(EO)(6)} and HS(CH2)(3)O(CH2CH2O)(5)CH3 {C-3(EO)(5)} - on Au from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data for all compounds follow simple langmuirian models with the disulfide reaching a self-limiting final state (d = 1.2 nm) more rapidly than the full coverage final states of the thiol analogs (d = 2.0 nm). The in-situ ellipsometric thicknesses of all compounds were found to be nearly identical to earlier ex-situ ellipsometric measurements suggesting similar surface coverages and structural models in air and under water. Exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA) shows the self-limiting (d = 1.2 nm) [S(EO)(6)](2) SAMs to be the most highly protein resistant surfaces relative to bare Au and completely-formed SAMs of the two analogous thiols and octadecanethiol (ODT). When challenged with up to near physiological levels of BSA (2.5 mg/mL), protein adsorption on the final state [S(EO)(6)](2) SAM was only 3% of that which adsorbed to the bare Au and ODT SAMs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Walker, Marlon L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vanderah, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vanderah, DJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biomol Struct & Funct Grp, Ctr Adv Res Biochem, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM david.vanderah@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 EI 1873-4367 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 82 IS 2 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.029 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 701XJ UT WOS:000285858200028 PM 21041070 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Kundu, S Lin, QH Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Kundu, Santanu Lin, Qinghuang Stafford, Christopher M. TI Quantifying the Stress Relaxation Modulus of Polymer Thin Films via Thermal Wrinkling SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polystyrene; viscoelastic properties; thin films; wrinkling; stress relaxation modulus ID TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; LAYER AB The viscoelastic properties of polymer thin films can have a significant impact on the performance in many small-scale devices. In this work, we use a phenomenon based on a thermally induced instability; termed thermal wrinkling, to measure viscoelastic properties of polystyrene films as a function of geometric confinement via changes in film thickness. With application of the appropriate buckling mechanics model for incompressible and geometrically confined films, we estimate the stress-relaxation modulus of polystyrene films by measuring the time-evolved wrinkle wavelength at fixed annealing temperatures. Specifically, we use time - temperature superposition to shift the stress relaxation curves and generate a modulus master curve for polystyrene films investigated here. On the basis of this master curve, we are able to identify the rubbery plateau, terminal relaxation time, and viscous flow region as a function of annealing time and temperatures that are well-above its glass transition. Our measurement technique. and analysis provide an alternative means to measure viscoelastic properties and relaxation behavior of geometrically confined polymer films. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Kundu, Santanu; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Qinghuang] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008; Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011 FU National Research Council FX E.P.C. acknowledges the National Research Council for financial support. The authors thank Dr. Wen-Li Wu, Dr. Jun Young Chung, Dr. Peter M. Johnson, Dr. Jack F. Douglas, Dr. Kenneth L. Kearns, and Dr. Kathryn L. Beers for insightful discussions. The authors also thank Dr. Denis Pristinski for technical assistance with the SALS instrument. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB PY 2011 VL 3 IS 2 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1021/am100956q PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 725IW UT WOS:000287639400033 PM 21190386 ER PT J AU Saylor, DM Guyer, JE Wheeler, D Warren, JA AF Saylor, David M. Guyer, Jonathan E. Wheeler, Daniel Warren, James A. TI Predicting microstructure development during casting of drug-eluting coatings SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Microstructure; Coating; Modeling; Simulation; Diffusion ID CONFOCAL RAMAN MICROSCOPY; POLYMER-SOLVENT SYSTEMS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; RELEASE; STENT; SOLUBILITY AB We have devised a novel diffuse interface formulation to model the development of chemical and physical inhomogeneities, i.e. microstructure, during the process of casting drug-eluting coatings. These inhomogeneities, which depend on the coating constituents and manufacturing conditions, can have a profound affect on the rate and extent of drug release, and therefore the ability of coated medical devices to function successfully. By deriving the model equations in a time-dependent reference frame, we find that it is computationally viable to probe a wide, physically relevant range of material and process quantities. To illustrate the application of the model, we have evaluated the impact of manufacturing solvent, coating thickness and evaporation rate on microstructure development. Our results suggest that modifying these process conditions can have a strong and nearly discontinuous effect on coating microstructure, and therefore on drug release. Further, we demonstrate that the model can be applied to processes that involve the incremental application of the coating in layers or passes. This new model formulation, which can also be used to predict the kinetics of drug release, provides a tool to elucidate and quantify the relationships between process variables, microstructure and performance. Establishing these relationships can reduce empiricism in materials selection and process design, providing a facile and efficient means to tailor the underlying microstructure and achieve a desired drug-release behavior. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta materialia Inc. C1 [Saylor, David M.] US FDA, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Guyer, Jonathan E.; Wheeler, Daniel; Warren, James A.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saylor, DM (reprint author), US FDA, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM david.saylor@fda.hhs.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009; Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 EI 1878-7568 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 604 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.019 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 713AP UT WOS:000286707700016 PM 20858554 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Hildreth, OJ Wong, CP Fedorov, AG Scott, JHJ AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Hildreth, Owen J. Wong, Ching P. Fedorov, Andrei G. Scott, John Henry J. TI Directed 2D-to-3D Pattern Transfer Method for Controlled Fabrication of Topologically Complex 3D Features in Silicon SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; ELECTRON-BEAM; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ION-BEAM; DEPOSITION; NANOHOLES; ARRAYS; NANOTUBES; CATALYST; CARBON AB A process that allows control over the 3D motion of catalyst nanostructures during metal-assisted chemical etching by their local pinning prior to etching is demonstrated. The pinning material acts as a fulcrum for rotation of the catalyst structures resulting in etching of silicon features with rotational geometry. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Scott, John Henry J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hildreth, Owen J.; Wong, Ching P.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Fedorov, Andrei G.] Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewski@nist.gov RI Hildreth, Owen/N-9967-2015 OI Hildreth, Owen/0000-0001-5358-9080 FU NSF [DMI 0403671] FX This research was performed while K. R. held a National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship Award at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. A. G. F. was supported by NSF grant DMI 0403671. The authors kindly acknowledge W. A. Kimes, Dr. B. A. Sperling, and Dr. J. E. Maslar for insightful discussions and suggestions. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 5 BP 659 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201003833 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 717LS UT WOS:000287046000011 PM 21274916 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD AF Jentschura, U. D. TI Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen-I. Verification and update of theoretical predictions SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QED calculations of level energies; Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in atoms; molecules, and ions; Quantum electrodynamics; Specific calculations ID PROTON POLARIZATION SHIFTS; ORDER VACUUM POLARIZATION; BINDING CORRECTIONS; NUCLEAR-CHARGE; ATOMS; RADIUS; SCATTERING; FINE; SIZE AB In view of the recently observed discrepancy of theory and experiment for muonic hydrogen [R. Pohl et al.. Nature 466 (2010) 213], we reexamine the theory on which the quantum electrodynamic (QED) predictions are based. In particular, we update the theory of the 2P-2S Lamb shift, by calculating the self-energy of the bound muon in the full Coulomb + vacuum polarization (Uehling) potential. We also investigate the relativistic two-body corrections to the vacuum polarization shift, and we analyze the influence of the shape of the nuclear charge distribution on the proton radius determination. The uncertainty associated with the third Zemach moment < r(3)>(2) in the determination of the proton radius from the measurement is estimated. An updated theoretical prediction for the 2S-2P transition is given. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jentschura, U. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Jentschura, U. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ulj@mst.edu FU NIST; National Science Foundation FX The author gratefully acknowledges informative and insightful discussions with K. Pachucki and PT Mohr, and warm hospitality at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in August 2010, where an important part of this work has been performed. Many helpful convers fations with J. Sapirstein, S.J. Brodsky and U.P. Jentschura (Chemistry Department, Freie Universitat Berlin) are also gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported by a NIST Precision Measurement Grant and by the National Science Foundation. NR 73 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 326 IS 2 BP 500 EP 515 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2010.11.012 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 717AX UT WOS:000287015700015 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD AF Jentschura, U. D. TI Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen-II. Analysis of the discrepancy of theory and experiment SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QED calculations of level energies; Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in atoms, molecules, and ions; Quantum electrodynamics; Specific calculations ID X-RAY DISCREPANCY; VACUUM-POLARIZATION; MILLICHARGED PARTICLES; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; CHARGE RADII; FOURTH-ORDER; ATOMS; SEARCH; ORTHOPOSITRONIUM; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB Currently, both the g factor measurement of the muon as well as the Lamb shift 2S-2P measurement in muonic hydrogen are in disagreement with theory. Here, we investigate possible theoretical explanations, including proton structure effects and small modifications of the vacuum polarization potential. In particular, we investigate a conceivable small modification of the spectral function of vacuum polarization in between the electron and muon energy scales due to a virtual millicharged particle and due to an unstable vector boson originating from a hidden sector of an extended standard model. We find that a virtual millicharged particle which could explain the muonic Lamb shift discrepancy alters theoretical predictions for the muon anomalous magnetic moment by many standard deviations and therefore is in conflict with experiment. Also, we find no parameterizations of an unstable virtual vector boson which could simultaneously explain both "muonic" discrepancies without significantly altering theoretical predictions for electronic hydrogen, where theory and experiment currently are in excellent agreement. A process-dependent correction involving electron screening is evaluated to have the right sign and order-of-magnitude to explain the observed effect in muonic hydrogen. Additional experimental evidence from light muonic atoms and ions is needed in order to reach further clarification. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jentschura, U. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Jentschura, U. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM ulj@mst.edu FU NIST; National Science Foundation FX The author gratefully acknowledges informative and insightful discussions with K. Pachucki and P. J. Mohr, and warm hospitality at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in August 2010, where an important part of this work has been performed. Many helpful conversations with J. Sapirstein, S. J. Brodsky and U. P. Jentschura (Chemistry Department, Freie Universitat Berlin) are also gratefully acknowledged. This research has been supported by a NIST Precision Measurement Grant and by the National Science Foundation. NR 75 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 326 IS 2 BP 516 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2010.11.011 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 717AX UT WOS:000287015700016 ER PT J AU Chatterjee, K Sun, LM Chow, LC Young, MF Simon, CG AF Chatterjee, Kaushik Sun, Limin Chow, Laurence C. Young, Marian F. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Combinatorial screening of osteoblast response to 3D calcium phosphate/poly(is an element of-caprolactone) scaffolds using gradients and arrays SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE 3D scaffolds; Calcium phosphate; Combinatorial screening; Nanoparticles; Osteoblast; Tissue engineering ID STEM-CELLS; BONE REGENERATION; PHOSPHATE; DIFFERENTIATION; BIOMATERIALS; BIOCERAMICS; INTERFACES; COMPOSITE; CULTURE; MODEL AB There is a need for combinatorial and high-throughput methods for screening cell-biomaterial interactions to maximize tissue generation in scaffolds. Current methods employ a flat two-dimensional (2D) format even though three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are more representative of the tissue environment in vivo and cells are responsive to topographical differences of 2D substrates and 3D scaffolds. Thus, combinatorial libraries of 3D porous scaffolds were developed and used to screen the effect of nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (nACP) particles on osteoblast response. Increasing nACP content in poly (is an element of-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds promoted osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. The nACP-containing scaffolds released calcium and phosphate ions which are known to activate osteoblast function. Scaffold libraries were fabricated in two formats, gradients and arrays, and the magnitude of the effect of nACP on osteoblast proliferation was greater for arrays than gradients. The enhanced response in arrays can be explained by differences in cell culture designs, diffusional effects and differences in the ratio of "scaffold mass to culture medium". These results introduce a gradient library approach for screening large pore 3D scaffolds and demonstrate that inclusion of the nACP particles enhances osteoblast proliferation in 3D scaffolds. Further, comparison of gradients and arrays suggests that gradients were more sensitive for detecting effects of scaffold composition on cell adhesion (short time points, 1 day) whereas arrays were more sensitive at detecting effects on cell proliferation (longer time points, 14 day). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chatterjee, Kaushik; Young, Marian F.] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Craniofacial & Skeletal Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the Joint NIH-NIBIB/NIST; NIST; NIH-NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research) [NIH-NIBIB R21 EB006497-01, NIH-NIDCR R01DE16416] FX K.C. acknowledges support from a Research Associateship Award from the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the Joint NIH-NIBIB/NIST Postdoctoral Program (National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering/National Institute of Standards and Technology). This work was supported by NIST, the Intramural Program of the NIH-NIDCR (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research), NIH-NIBIB R21 EB006497-01 and NIH-NIDCR R01DE16416. The standard deviation (S.D.) is the same as the "combined standard uncertainty of the mean" for the purposes of this work. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH, NIBIB, NIDCR, NIST or ADA (American Dental Association). This article, a contribution of NIST and NIH, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD FEB PY 2011 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1361 EP 1369 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.043 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 717UN UT WOS:000287073000012 PM 21074846 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Chen, F Niyogi, D Alfieri, JG Ek, M Mitchell, K AF Kumar, Anil Chen, Fei Niyogi, Dev Alfieri, Joseph G. Ek, Michael Mitchell, Kenneth TI Evaluation of a Photosynthesis-Based Canopy Resistance Formulation in the Noah Land-Surface Model SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canopy resistance; Evapotranspiration; Land data assimilation system; Noah land-surface model; Photosynthesis; Surface energy flux ID INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; BOUNDARY-LAYER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; FIFE OBSERVATIONS; WARM-SEASON; PART II AB Accurately representing complex land-surface processes balancing complexity and realism remains one challenge that the weather modelling community is facing nowadays. In this study, a photosynthesis-based Gas-exchange Evapotranspiration Model (GEM) is integrated into the Noah land-surface model replacing the traditional Jarvis scheme for estimating the canopy resistance and transpiration. Using 18-month simulations from the High Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS), the impact of the photosynthesis-based approach on the simulated canopy resistance, surface heat fluxes, soil moisture, and soil temperature over different vegetation types is evaluated using data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site, Oklahoma Mesonet, 2002 International H2O Project (IHOP_2002), and three Ameriflux sites. Incorporation of GEM into Noah improves the surface energy fluxes as well as the associated diurnal cycle of soil moisture and soil temperature during both wet and dry periods. An analysis of midday, average canopy resistance shows similar day-to-day trends in the model fields as seen in observed patterns. Bias and standard deviation analyses for soil temperature and surface fluxes show that GEM responds somewhat better than the Jarvis scheme, mainly because the Jarvis approach relies on a parametrised minimum canopy resistance and meteorological variables such as air temperature and incident radiation. The analyses suggest that adding a photosynthesis-based transpiration scheme such as GEM improves the ability of the land-data assimilation system to simulate evaporation and transpiration under a range of soil and vegetation conditions. C1 [Kumar, Anil] NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kumar, Anil; Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kumar, Anil; Niyogi, Dev; Alfieri, Joseph G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ek, Michael; Mitchell, Kenneth] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NASA, Hydrol Sci Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anil.kumar@nasa.gov RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 FU DOE ARM [08ER64674]; NOAA JCSDA [NA06NES4400013]; NASA THP [NNX08AV80G, NNX08AU67]; NCAR USWRP STEP; NCAR Water System [NSF 01]; NSF [ATM-0296159, ATM-0236885, OCI-0753116]; NASA GWEC [NNG05GB41G]; NASA Headquarters through the NASA [NNX07AN67H] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the DOE ARM Program (08ER64674), NOAA JCSDA (NA06NES4400013), NASA THP (NNX08AV80G, NNX08AU67), NCAR USWRP STEP, the NCAR Water System (Grant NSF 01) and STEP programs, NSF (ATM-0296159, ATM-0236885, and OCI-0753116), NASA GWEC (NNG05GB41G), and NASA Headquarters through the NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NNX07AN67H). NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 138 IS 2 BP 263 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9559-z PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705AT UT WOS:000286100800005 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Goddard, L Kumar, A Carton, J Deser, C Fukumori, I Greene, AM Hegerl, G Kirtman, B Kushnir, Y Newman, M Smith, D Vimont, D Delworth, T Meehl, GA Stockdale, T AF Solomon, Amy Goddard, Lisa Kumar, Arun Carton, James Deser, Clara Fukumori, Ichiro Greene, Arthur M. Hegerl, Gabriele Kirtman, Ben Kushnir, Yochanan Newman, Matthew Smith, Doug Vimont, Dan Delworth, Tom Meehl, Gerald A. Stockdale, Timothy CA US CLIVAR Decadal Predictability W TI DISTINGUISHING THE ROLES OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENICALLY FORCED DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY Implications for Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; EL-NINO-LIKE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; COUPLED MODEL; WIND STRESSES; PART I; ENSO AB DISTINGUISHING THE ROLES OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENICALLY FORCED DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREDICTION Given that over the course of the next 10-30 years the magnitude of natural decalial variations may rival that of anthropogenically forced climate change on regional scales, it is envisioned that initialized decadal predictions will provide important information for climate-related management and adaptation decisions. Such predictions are presently one of the grand challenges for the climate community. This requires identifying those physical phenomena and their model equivalents that May provide additional predictability on decadal time scales, including an assessment of the physical processes through which anthropogenic forcing may interact with or project upon natural variability. Such a physical framework is necessary to provide a consistent assessment (and insight into potential improvement) of the decadal prediction experiments planned to be assessed as part of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. C1 [Solomon, Amy] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, Amy; Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Goddard, Lisa; Greene, Arthur M.] NOAA, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Carton, James] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Deser, Clara; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fukumori, Ichiro] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Hegerl, Gabriele] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Kushnir, Yochanan] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Smith, Doug] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Vimont, Dan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Delworth, Tom] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stockdale, Timothy] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Kushnir, Yochanan/B-4472-2013; carton, james/C-4807-2009; Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; FU U.S. CLIVAR; U.S. CLIVAR office FX The authors of this paper are members of the Decadal Predictability Working Group, sponsored by U.S. CLIVAR. We appreciate the support from the U.S. CLIVAR office. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and thoughtful suggestions. NR 93 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 141 EP 156 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2962.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743LT UT WOS:000289020500008 ER PT J AU Atlas, R Hoffman, RN Ardizzone, J Leidner, SM Jusem, JC Smith, DK Gombos, D AF Atlas, Robert Hoffman, Ross N. Ardizzone, Joseph Leidner, S. Mark Jusem, Juan Carlos Smith, Deborah K. Gombos, Daniel TI A CROSS-CALIBRATED MULTIPLATFORM OCEAN SURFACE WIND VELOCITY PRODUCT FOR METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS METHOD; NSCAT AMBIGUITY REMOVAL; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; DIRECT MINIMIZATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; CENTRAL-AMERICA; PACIFIC COAST; ALGORITHM; HEAT; SEA AB A CROSS-CALIBRATED, MULTI PLATFORM OCEAN SURFACE WIND VELOCITY PRODUCT FOR METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS The ocean surface wind mediates exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. These air-sea exchange processes are critical for understanding and predicting atmosphere, ocean, and wave phenomena on many time and space scales. A cross-calibrated multiplatform (CCMP) long-term data record of satellite ocean surface winds is available from 1987 to 2008 with planned extensions through 2012. A variational analysis method (VAM) is used to combine surface wind data derived from conventional and in situ sources and multiple satellites into a. consistent near-global analysis at 25-km resolution, every 6 h. The input data are cross-calibrated wind speeds derived from the Special Sensor Microwave: Imager (SSM/I; F08-F15), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), and wind vectors from SeaWinds on the NASA Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) and on the second Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (AD-EOS-2; i.e., the Midori-2 satellite). These are combined with ECMWF: reanalyses and operational analyses by the VAM. VAM analyses and derived data are currently available for interested investigators through the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC). This paper describes the methodology used to assimilate the input data along with the validation and evaluation of the derived CCMP products. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.; Gombos, Daniel] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Ardizzone, Joseph; Jusem, Juan Carlos] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smith, Deborah K.] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM robert.atlas@noaa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 FU NASA's Research, Education and Applications Solution Network (REASON); Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEASURES) programs FX Remote Sensing Systems (RSS; Santa Rosa, California; available online at www.remss.com/) provided the satellite data. We thank F. Wentz, of RSS for help in acquiring and understanding these datasets. The conventional data used in our analyses were obtained from the Scientific Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Additional buoy data were obtained from the Pacific Marine and Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). ERA-40 Re-Analysis and ECMWF operational analysis datasets were obtained from the Computation and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. The cross-calibrated multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind product is hosted at the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC; available online at http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/DATA_CATALOG/compinfo.html). We thank a Moroni (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California) for help in preparing the CCMP winds for public release. NASA's Research, Education and Applications Solution Network (REASON) and Making Earth Science Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEASURES) programs funded this work. All of the RSS data described here were produced through another component of the MEASURES program, named the Distributed Information Services: Climate/Ocean Products and Visualizations for Earth Research (DISCOVER) project. The work represents a continuation and expansion of the SSMI Derived Global Ocean Surface Wind Components project that began under the NASA Pathfinder Program. We thank the reviewers and the editor for their useful suggestions that helped to improve this paper. NR 39 TC 228 Z9 235 U1 6 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 157 EP + DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2946.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743LT UT WOS:000289020500009 ER PT J AU McFarquhar, GM Ghan, S Verlinde, J Korolev, A Strapp, JW Schmid, B Tomlinson, JM Wolde, M Brooks, SD Cziczo, D Dubey, MK Fan, JW Flynn, C Gultepe, I Hubbe, J Gilles, MK Laskin, A Lawson, P Leaitch, WR Liu, P Liu, XH Lubin, D Mazzoleni, C Macdonald, AM Moffet, RC Morrison, H Ovchinnikov, M Shupe, MD Turner, DD Xie, SC Zelenyuk, A Bae, K Freer, M Glen, A AF McFarquhar, Greg M. Ghan, Steven Verlinde, Johannes Korolev, Alexei Strapp, J. Walter Schmid, Beat Tomlinson, Jason M. Wolde, Mengistu Brooks, Sarah D. Cziczo, Dan Dubey, Manvendra K. Fan, Jiwen Flynn, Connor Gultepe, Ismail Hubbe, John Gilles, Mary K. Laskin, Alexander Lawson, Paul Leaitch, W. Richard Liu, Peter Liu, Xiaohong Lubin, Dan Mazzoleni, Claudio Macdonald, Ann-Marie Moffet, Ryan C. Morrison, Hugh Ovchinnikov, Mikhail Shupe, Matthew D. Turner, David D. Xie, Shaocheng Zelenyuk, Alla Bae, Kenny Freer, Matt Glen, Andrew TI INDIRECT AND SEMI-DIRECT AEROSOL CAMPAIGN The Impact of Arctic Aerosols on Clouds SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; BLACK CARBON; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; ICE NUCLEI; FIRE ACE; PARTICLES; RADIATION; SHEBA; STRATUS AB INDIRECT AND SEMI-DIRECT AEROSOL CAMPAIGN (ISDAC): THE IMPACT OF ARCTIC AEROSOLS ON CLOUDS A comprehensive dataset of microphysical and radiative properties of aerosols and clouds in the boundary layer in the vicinity of Barrow, Alaska, was collected in April 2008 during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC). ISDAC's primary aim was to examine the effects of aerosols, including those generated by Asian wildfires, on clouds that contain both liquid and ice. ISDAC utilized the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Pro-gram's permanent observational facilities at Barrow and specially deployed instruments measuring aerosol, ice fog, precipitation, and radiation. The National Research Council of Canada Convair-580 flew 27 sorties and collected data using an unprecedented 41 state-of-the-art cloud and aerosol instruments for more than 100 h on 12 different days. Aerosol compositions, including fresh and processed sea salt, biomass-burning particles, organics, and sulfates mixed with organics, varied between flights. Observations in a dense arctic haze on 19 April and above, within, and below the single-layer stratocumulus on 8 and 26 April are enabling a process-oriented understanding of how aerosols affect arctic clouds. Inhomogeneities in reflectivity, a close coupling of upward and downward Doppler motion, and a nearly constant ice profile in the single-layer stratocumulus suggests that vertical mixing is responsible for its longevity. observed during ISDAC. Data acquired in cirrus on flights between Barrow and Fairbanks, Alaska, are improving the understanding of the performance of cloud probes in ice. Ultimately, ISDAC data will improve the representation of cloud and aerosol processes in models covering a variety of spatial and temporal scales, and determine the extent to which surface measurements can provide retrievals of aerosols, clouds, precipitation, and radiative heating. C1 [McFarquhar, Greg M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ghan, Steven; Tomlinson, Jason M.; Cziczo, Dan; Fan, Jiwen; Flynn, Connor; Hubbe, John; Laskin, Alexander; Liu, Xiaohong; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Verlinde, Johannes] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Korolev, Alexei; Strapp, J. Walter; Gultepe, Ismail; Leaitch, W. Richard; Liu, Peter; Macdonald, Ann-Marie] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Wolde, Mengistu; Brooks, Sarah D.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Dubey, Manvendra K.; Mazzoleni, Claudio] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Gilles, Mary K.; Moffet, Ryan C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lawson, Paul] Stratton Pk Engn Co, Boulder, CO USA. [Lubin, Dan] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Turner, David D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Glen, Andrew] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP McFarquhar, GM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mcfarq@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Tomlinson, Jason/C-6566-2009; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE; National Research Council of Canada; Environment Canada; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Environmental Science Division; ARM [DE-FG02-02ER63337, DE-FG02-07ER64378, DE-FG02-06ER64167, DE-FG02-09ER64770]; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX ISDAC was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Climate Research Facility, the DOE Atmospheric Sciences Program, the National Research Council of Canada, and Environment Canada. We are indebted to the many scientists and staff who participated in ISDAC, without whose efforts this work would have been possible. Mohammed Wasey and Rob Reed. provided technical support for the instrumentation on the NRC Convair-580. The assistance of Robert Jackson in preparing the manuscript was appreciated. Data were obtained from the ARM program archive, sponsored by DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Environmental Science Division. This work was sponsored by Grants DE-FG02-02ER63337, DE-FG02-07ER64378, DE-FG02-06ER64167, and DE-FG02-09ER64770 as part of ARM. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. LANL acknowledges ongoing support from ASR for PASS-3 capability and the OBER-RCI project for analysis of data. NR 76 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 9 U2 80 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 183 EP 201 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2935.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743LT UT WOS:000289020500011 ER PT J AU Auligne, T Lorenc, A Michel, Y Montmerle, T Jones, A Hu, M Dudhia, J AF Auligne, T. Lorenc, A. Michel, Y. Montmerle, T. Jones, A. Hu, M. Dudhia, J. TI TOWARD A NEW CLOUD ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION SYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DATA ASSIMILATION; PRECIPITATION; ECMWF C1 [Auligne, T.; Michel, Y.; Dudhia, J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lorenc, A.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Montmerle, T.] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Jones, A.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hu, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. RP Auligne, T (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM auligne@ucar.edu RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Jones, Andrew/D-3291-2012; Hu, Ming/E-7141-2015 OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-0995-4957; NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 92 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2978.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 743LT UT WOS:000289020500013 ER PT J AU Babcock, EA MacCall, AD AF Babcock, Elizabeth A. MacCall, Alec D. TI How useful is the ratio of fish density outside versus inside no-take marine reserves as a metric for fishery management control rules? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED AREAS; WEST-COAST; OCEAN; MOVEMENT; YIELD AB A management strategy evaluation ( based on five species in the California, USA, nearshore fishery) of control rules that reduce relative fishing effort as a function of the ratio of fish density outside versus inside no-take marine reserves ( as a measure of depletion) showed that although the control rules allowed effort to increase at first, in the long term, they were effective at maintaining spawning stock biomass and yield for all simulated species, including depleted ones. Scenarios with fish movement, illegal fishing in the reserve, or post-dispersal density dependence in recruitment required higher density ratio targets, such as 60% of mature fish or 80% of all fish, to avoid stock depletion. The effort allowed by multispecies density-ratio control rules depended on the relative weight given to more or less depleted species. High variability in recruitment or in monitoring data caused the allowable effort to fluctuate. Density-ratio control rules have the advantages that they require no historical data, they can be used at local spatial scales, and they adjust to changing environmental conditions. C1 [Babcock, Elizabeth A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [MacCall, Alec D.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Babcock, EA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ebabcock@rsmas.miami.edu RI Babcock, Elizabeth/E-7753-2013 FU Commonweal Ocean Policy Program; Marine Protected Area Science Integration project FX Thanks to Carey McGilliard, John Field, Rod Fujita, Meisha Key, Jono Wilson, Burr Heneman, and the rest of the density ratio working group and the monitoring data applications project for input on the methodology. Thanks to Jenn Caselle and PISCO for providing the PISCO subtidal monitoring data. Thanks to the Commonweal Ocean Policy Program for funding E. Babcock's work on this project, and the Marine Protected Area Science Integration project for funding the working group meetings. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 68 IS 2 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1139/F10-146 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 731IE UT WOS:000288098700014 ER PT J AU Petit, C Burress, J Bandosz, TJ AF Petit, Camille Burress, Jacob Bandosz, Teresa J. TI The synthesis and characterization of copper-based metal-organic framework/graphite oxide composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GRAPHITE OXIDE; ALPHA-ALUMINA; THIN-FILMS; FRAMEWORKS; CU-3(BTC)(2); ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN; MOF-5; HKUST-1 AB New composites of a copper-based metal-organic framework and graphite oxide were synthesized with different ratios of HKUST-1 (also called MOF-199) and graphite oxide. These compounds, as well as the parent materials, were characterized by X-ray diffraction, sorption of nitrogen, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and sorption of hydrogen. The composites exhibit features similar to HKUST-1 as well as an increased porosity compared to the parent materials. The formation of new small pores is demonstrated by an increase in the hydrogen uptake. The results suggest that the building process of the composites occurs via the reaction/binding of the copper dimers from the HKUST-1 with/to the functional groups in graphite oxide (epoxy, carboxylic, hydroxylic, sulfonic). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Petit, Camille; Bandosz, Teresa J.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Petit, Camille; Bandosz, Teresa J.] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Burress, Jacob] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bandosz, TJ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM tbandosz@ccny.cuny.edu RI Burress, Jacob/C-8258-2009; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Petit, Camille/I-4732-2014 FU ARO (Army Research Office) [W911NF-10-1-0030]; NSF [0754945/0754979] FX This study was supported by the ARO (Army Research Office) grant W911NF-10-1-0030 and NSF collaborative grant 0754945/0754979. The authors are grateful to Prof. De Carlo for his help in taking the HRTEM images and to Ms Barbara Mendoza for her experimental help. NR 41 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 14 U2 188 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD FEB PY 2011 VL 49 IS 2 BP 563 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.059 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 699KQ UT WOS:000285662700025 ER PT J AU Kramida, AE AF Kramida, A. E. TI The program LOPT for least-squares optimization of energy levels SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Atomic energy levels; Ritz wavelengths; Least-squares optimization ID SPECTRUM; NEIII AB The article describes a program that solves the least-squares optimization problem for finding the energy levels of a quantum-mechanical system based on a set of measured energy separations or wavelengths of transitions between those energy levels, as well as determining the Ritz wavelengths of transitions and their uncertainties. The energy levels are determined by solving the matrix equation of the problem, and the uncertainties of the Ritz wavenumbers are determined from the covariance matrix of the problem. Program summary Program title: LOPT Catalogue identifier: AEHM_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEHM_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 19254 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 427 839 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Pert v.5 Computer: PC, Mac, Unix workstations Operating system: MS Windows (XP. Vista, 7), Mac OS X, Linux, Unix (AIX) RAM: 3 Mwords or more Word size: 32 or 64 Classification: 2.2 Nature of problem: The least-squares energy-level optimization problem, i.e., finding a set of energy level values that best fits the given set of transition intervals. Solution method: The solution of the least-squares problem is found by solving the corresponding linear matrix equation, where the matrix is constructed using a new method with variable substitution. Restrictions: A practical limitation on the size of the problem N is imposed by the execution time, which scales as N(3) and depends on the computer. Unusual features: Properly rounds the resulting data and formats the output in a format suitable for viewing with spreadsheet editing software. Estimates numerical errors resulting from the limited machine precision. Running time: 1 s for N = 100, or 60 s for N = 400 on a typical PC. (c) 201 0 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8422, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Kramida, Alexander/0000-0002-0788-8087 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 182 IS 2 BP 419 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2010.09.019 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 699KF UT WOS:000285661600014 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Zhang, ZY Reed, S Koren, V AF Zhang, Yu Zhang, Ziya Reed, Seann Koren, Victor TI An enhanced and automated approach for deriving a priori SAC-SMA parameters from the soil survey geographic database SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; Model; Parameter; SSURGO; SAC-SMA; NLCD ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; DISTRIBUTED MODEL; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; UNITED-STATES; NEXRAD DATA; SURFACE; SSURGO AB This paper presents an automated approach for processing the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and deriving gridded a priori parameters for the National Weather Service (NWS) Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) model from these data sets. Our approach considerably extends methods previously used in the NWS and offers automated and geographically invariant ways of extracting soil information, interpreting soil texture, and spatially aggregating SAC-SMA parameters. The methodology is composed of four components. The first and second components are SSURGO and NLCD preprocessors. The third component is a parameter generator producing SAC-SMA parameters for each soil survey area on an approximately 30-m grid mesh. The last component is a postprocessor creating parameters for user-specified areas of interest on the Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) grid. Implemented in open-source software, this approach was employed by creating a set of SAC-SMA parameter and related soil property grids spanning 25 states, wherein it was shown to greatly reduce the derivation time and meanwhile yield results comparable to those based on the State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO). The broad applicability of the methodologies and associated intermediate products to hydrologic modeling is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Ziya; Reed, Seann; Koren, Victor] Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zhang, Ziya] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 37 IS 2 BP 219 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.05.016 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 720OO UT WOS:000287290200011 ER PT J AU Reed, TE Schindler, DE Waples, RS AF Reed, Thomas E. Schindler, Daniel E. Waples, Robin S. TI Interacting Effects of Phenotypic Plasticity and Evolution on Population Persistence in a Changing Climate SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; climate projections; ecological and evolutionary dynamics; extinction; phenotypic plasticity; adaptacion ID WILD BIRD POPULATION; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; NATURAL-SELECTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; MOVING OPTIMUM; REACTION NORMS; ADAPTATION; ENVIRONMENT; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS AB Climate change affects individual organisms by altering development, physiology, behavior, and fitness, and populations by altering genetic and phenotypic composition, vital rates, and dynamics. We sought to clarify how selection, phenotypic plasticity, and demography are linked in the context of climate change. On the basis of theory and results of recent empirical studies of plants and animals, we believe the ecological and evolutionary issues relevant to population persistence as climate changes are the rate, type, magnitude, and spatial pattern of climate-induced abiotic and biotic change; generation time and life history of the organism; extent and type of phenotypic plasticity; amount and distribution of adaptive genetic variation across space and time; dispersal potential; and size and connectivity of subpopulations. An understanding of limits to plasticity and evolutionary potential across traits, populations, and species and feedbacks between adaptive and demographic responses is lacking. Integrated knowledge of coupled ecological and evolutionary mechanisms will increase understanding of the resilience and probabilities of persistence of populations and species. C1 [Reed, Thomas E.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Reed, Thomas E.; Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Reed, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM tomreed@u.washington.edu RI Reed, Thomas/A-5788-2012; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Reed, Thomas/0000-0002-7504-4273; FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation via the University of California, Santa Barbara FX This work was made possible by generous funding from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation via the University of California, Santa Barbara. We thank L.Crozier, M. Frederiksen, J. Hard, and M. Kinnison, E. Fleishman, J. Hellmann, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on versions of the manuscript. We also thank M. Visser and B. Sheldon for discussions on the population studies of Great Tits. NR 69 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 9 U2 136 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01552.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 708QX UT WOS:000286380500008 PM 20646016 ER PT J AU Schultz, JK Baker, JD Toonen, RJ Harting, AL Bowen, BW AF Schultz, Jennifer K. Baker, Jason D. Toonen, Robert J. Harting, Albert L. Bowen, Brian W. TI Range-Wide Genetic Connectivity of the Hawaiian Monk Seal and Implications for Translocation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pinniped; population connectivity; stock structure; translocation ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; MIGRATION RATES; DIFFERENTIATION; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; INFERENCE; SOFTWARE; PATTERNS AB The Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is one of the most critically endangered marine mammals. Less than 1200 individuals remain, and the species is declining at a rate of approximately 4% per year as a result of juvenile starvation, shark predation, and entanglement in marine debris. Some of these problems may be alleviated by translocation; however, if island breeding aggregates are effectively isolated subpopulations, moving individuals may disrupt local adaptations. In these circumstances, managers must balance the pragmatic need of increasing survival with theoretical concerns about genetic viability. To assess range-wide population structure of the Hawaiian monk seal, we examined an unprecedented, near-complete genetic inventory of the species (n = 1897 seals, sampled over 14 years) at 18 microsatellite loci. Genetic variation was not spatially partitioned ((theta) over cap (w) = -0.03, p = 1.0), and a Bayesian clustering method provided evidence of one panmictic population (K = 1). Pairwise F-ST comparisons (among 7 island aggregates over 14 annual cohorts) did not reveal temporally stable, spatial reproductive isolation. Our results coupled with long-term tag-resight data confirm seal movement and gene flow throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Thus, human-mediated translocation of seals among locations is not likely to result in genetic incompatibilities. C1 [Schultz, Jennifer K.; Toonen, Robert J.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Baker, Jason D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Harting, Albert L.] Harting Biol Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Schultz, JK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM jschultz@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument; Marine Conservation Biology Institute; National Marine Fisheries Service; Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research [OCE-0453167]; School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Young Investigator Program FX We thank the numerous seasonal field crews for their efforts in the collection of data and tissue plugs. Thanks to T. Johanos for unpublished National Marine Fisheries Service data. C. Littnan and F. Parrish provided helpful comments on this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, the Marine Conservation Biology Institute, and the National Marine Fisheries Service. J.K.S. was supported by an Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Fellowship, a National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program Fellowship awarded to B. Wilcox (OCE-0453167), and the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Young Investigator Program. We thank editors G. Meffe and R. Waples and three anonymous reviewers who provided insightful recommendations that greatly improved this manuscript. This is contribution 1414 from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and contribution 7988 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 25 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01615.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 708QX UT WOS:000286380500015 PM 21166713 ER PT J AU Krishnan, B Thirumalai, RVKG Koshka, Y Sundaresan, S Levin, I Davydov, AV Merrett, JN AF Krishnan, Bharat Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Koshka, Yaroslav Sundaresan, Siddarth Levin, Igor Davydov, Albert V. Merrett, J. Neil TI Substrate-Dependent Orientation and Polytype Control in SiC Nanowires Grown on 4H-SiC Substrates SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STACKING-FAULTS AB SiC nanowires were grown on monocrystalline 4H-SiC wafers by chemical vapor deposition using the vapor liquid solid growth mode. The growth direction of the nanowires was dictated by the crystallographic orientation of the 4H-SiC substrates. Two distinct types of nanowires were obtained. The first type crystallized in the 3C polytype with the < 111 > nanowire axes. These nanowires grew at 20 degrees with respect to the substrate c-planes and exhibited high densities of stacking faults on those {111} planes that are parallel to the substrate c-planes. The second type featured the 4H structure albeit with a strong stacking disorder. The stacking faults in these nanowires were perpendicular to the [0001] nanowire axes. Possible growth mechanisms that led to the formation of 3C and 4H polytypes are discussed. C1 [Krishnan, Bharat; Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sundaresan, Siddarth] GeneSiC Semicond Inc, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. [Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 538 EP 541 DI 10.1021/cg101405u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 713DC UT WOS:000286714200024 ER PT J AU Mumby, PJ Elliott, IA Eakin, CM Skirving, W Paris, CB Edwards, HJ Enriquez, S Iglesias-Prieto, R Cherubin, LM Stevens, JR AF Mumby, Peter J. Elliott, Ian A. Eakin, C. Mark Skirving, William Paris, Claire B. Edwards, Helen J. Enriquez, Susana Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto Cherubin, Laurent M. Stevens, Jamie R. TI Reserve design for uncertain responses of coral reefs to climate change SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Acclimation; adaptation; algorithm; connectivity; conservation; coral; marine reserve ID MARINE RESERVES; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSAL; STRESS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; BIODIVERSITY; MORTALITY; TRANSPORT AB P>Rising sea temperatures cause mass coral bleaching and threaten reefs worldwide. We show how maps of variations in thermal stress can be used to help manage reefs for climate change. We map proxies of chronic and acute thermal stress and develop evidence-based hypotheses for the future response of corals to each stress regime. We then incorporate spatially realistic predictions of larval connectivity among reefs of the Bahamas and apply novel reserve design algorithms to create reserve networks for a changing climate. We show that scales of larval dispersal are large enough to connect reefs from desirable thermal stress regimes into a reserve network. Critically, we find that reserve designs differ according to the anticipated scope for phenotypic and genetic adaptation in corals, which remains uncertain. Attempts to provide a complete reserve design that hedged against different evolutionary outcomes achieved limited success, which emphasises the importance of considering the scope for adaptation explicitly. Nonetheless, 15% of reserve locations were selected under all evolutionary scenarios, making them a high priority for early designation. Our approach allows new insights into coral holobiont adaptation to be integrated directly into an adaptive approach to management. C1 [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4068, Australia. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4068, Australia. [Mumby, Peter J.; Elliott, Ian A.; Edwards, Helen J.; Stevens, Jamie R.] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch BioSci, Exeter EX4 4PS, Devon, England. [Eakin, C. Mark; Skirving, William] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Skirving, William] ReefSense Pty Ltd, Kirwan, Qld 4817, Australia. [Paris, Claire B.; Cherubin, Laurent M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enriquez, Susana; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Unidad Acad Puerto Morelos, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Cancun 77500, Mexico. RP Mumby, PJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4068, Australia. EM p.j.mumby@uq.edu.au RI Elliott, Ian/C-5300-2009; Edwards, Helen/D-1633-2009; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto/E-4921-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; OI Edwards, Helen/0000-0003-1174-8009; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Paris, Claire/0000-0002-0637-1334 NR 50 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 14 IS 2 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01562.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711NV UT WOS:000286599600007 PM 21105980 ER PT J AU Ward, EJ Semmens, BX Phillips, DL Moore, JW Bouwes, N AF Ward, Eric J. Semmens, Brice X. Phillips, Donald L. Moore, Jonathan W. Bouwes, Nicolaas TI A quantitative approach to combine sources in stable isotope mixing models SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian analysis; diet; mixing model; source partitioning; stable isotope AB Stable isotope mixing models, used to estimate source contributions to a mixture, typically yield highly uncertain estimates when there are many sources and relatively few isotope elements. Previously, ecologists have either accepted the uncertain contribution estimates for individual sources or addressed the problem in an ad hoc way by combining either related sources prior to analysis or the estimated proportions of related sources following analysis. Neither of these latter approaches explicitly account for uncertainty in source combinations within the likelihood framework. In this paper we incorporate uncertainty in both the number of source groups and group assignment within a formal Bayesian mixing model framework. By dynamically exploring model complexity due to aggregating sources based on shared proportional contributions, we can estimate posterior probabilities of alternative group configurations, and construct posterior dendrograms of group membership. We apply this method to simulated data, and illustrate applications to two consumer datasets (rainbow trout, coastal mink). Our results demonstrate that estimating, rather than fixing, the number of proportional contributions in a mixing model can improve model inference and reduce bias in estimates of source contributions to a mixture. C1 [Ward, Eric J.; Semmens, Brice X.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas] Eco Log Res Inc, Providence, UT 84332 USA. RP Ward, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM eric.ward@noaa.gov OI Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank J. Yeakel for criticism that helped improve this manuscript. Nicholas Weber collected, processed, and compiled the ISEMP data used in this manuscript. E. J. Ward and B. X. Semmens contributed equally to this manuscript. Funding for ISEMP was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration. This document has been subjected to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2011 VL 2 IS 2 AR UNSP 19 DI 10.1890/ES10-00190.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IS UT WOS:000208810300007 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Pinto, RA Mai, DJ Landrum, PF Weber, WJ AF Petersen, Elijah J. Pinto, Roger A. Mai, Danielle J. Landrum, Peter F. Weber, Walter J., Jr. TI Influence of Polyethyleneimine Graftings of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on their Accumulation and Elimination by and Toxicity to Daphnia magna SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; FULLERENE C-60; BIOACCUMULATION; DEPURATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SUSPENSIONS; ENVIRONMENT; NANO-C-60 AB Modifications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for different applications may change their physicochemical properties such as surface charge. Assessments of the extent to which such modifications influence CNT ecotoxicity, accumulation, and elimination behaviors are needed to understand potential environmental risks these variously modified nanoparticles may pose. We have modified carbon-14 labeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with polyethyleneimine (PEI) surface coatings to increase their aqueous stability and to give them positive, negative, or neutral surface charges. Uptake and elimination behaviors of Daphnia magna exposed to PEI-coated and acid-modified MWNTs at concentrations of approximately 25 and 250 mu g/L were quantified. PEI surface coatings did not appear to substantially impact nanotube accumulation or elimination rates. Although the PEI-modified nanotubes exhibited enhanced stability in aqueous solutions, they appeared to aggregate in the guts of D. magna in a manner similar to acid-treated nanotubes. The MWNTs were almost entirely eliminated by Daphnia fed algae during a 48 h elimination experiment, whereas elimination without feeding was typically minimal. Finally, PEI coatings increased MWNT toxicities, though this trend corresponded to the size of the PEI coatings, not their surface charges. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pinto, Roger A.; Mai, Danielle J.; Weber, Walter J., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Landrum, Peter F.] Natl Oceanic & Atmospher Adm, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Elijah.Petersen@nist.gov; wjwjr@umich.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; OI Mai, Danielle/0000-0001-5447-2845 FU University of Michigan Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute; U.S. EPA [RD833321] FX This work was supported by awards from the University of Michigan Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute and U.S. EPA grant RD833321. Although research described in this article was funded in part by the U.S. EPA, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 3 BP 1133 EP 1138 DI 10.1021/es1030239 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711HG UT WOS:000286577100045 PM 21182278 ER PT J AU Peck, KA Lomax, DP Olson, OP Sol, SY Swanson, P Johnson, LL AF Peck, Karen A. Lomax, Daniel P. Olson, O. Paul Sol, Sean Y. Swanson, Penny Johnson, Lyndal L. TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR QUANTIFYING VITELLOGENIN IN PACIFIC SALMON AND ASSESSMENT OF FIELD EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitellogenin; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Salmon; Endocrine disruptors; Puget Sound ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; PLASMA VITELLOGENIN; TEMPORAL TRENDS; BROWN TROUT; IN-VIVO; ELISA; NONYLPHENOL AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to quantitate vitellogenin (VTG) in plasma and serum of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon. The working range of the assay was 9 to 313 ng/ml (80-20% binding), with 50% binding at 54 ng/ml. The intra-assay and interassay variations at approximately 50% binding were 8.1% (n = 9) and 9.0% (n = 9), respectively. Dilution curves of plasma or serum from coho and chinook females and estrogen-treated males were parallel to the purified coho VTG standard curve. Male plasma samples could be assayed at a minimum dilution of 1:40 (chinook) or 1:75 (coho) without assay interference because of high sample concentration, whereas minimum acceptable dilutions of male serum samples were 1:200 (chinook) or 1:600 (coho). Identification of proper techniques for preserving VTG integrity in plasma and serum samples showed that VTG from both species was robust; both sample types required no protease inhibitor despite subjection to two freeze thaw cycles. To test its applicability, this assay was used to measure VTG in out-migrating juvenile chinook that were collected from urban and nonurban areas in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Results showed a small but significant plasma VTG elevation at two urban sites, suggesting that these juveniles may be exposed to environmental estrogens at an early life stage. Also, wild fish tended to have higher plasma VTG levelS than hatchery fish collected in the field. Elevation of mean VTG levels was similar to that previously reported in male English sole from the same area, where both males and females exhibited alterations in timing of spawning. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:477-486. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Peck, Karen A.; Lomax, Daniel P.; Olson, O. Paul; Sol, Sean Y.; Swanson, Penny; Johnson, Lyndal L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Peck, KA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM karen.a.peck@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 30 IS 2 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.1002/etc.390 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 710DB UT WOS:000286490000025 PM 21038437 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Daly, EA Benkwitt, CE Morgan, CA Emmett, RL AF Brodeur, Richard D. Daly, Elizabeth A. Benkwitt, Cassandra E. Morgan, Cheryl A. Emmett, Robert L. TI Catching the prey: Sampling juvenile fish and invertebrate prey fields of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon during their early marine residence SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Prey fields; Sampling gears; Catchability; Micronekton; Salmon diets; California Current ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; DIEL FEEDING CHRONOLOGY; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC SALMON; GASTRIC EVACUATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; NORTH-AMERICA; OREGON; WATERS AB Marine diets of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the northern California Current are made up primarily of micronekton prey including juvenile fish, adult euphausiids, and large crab megalopae. However, these animals are seldom caught in the conventional plankton gears used to define juvenile salmon prey fields in ocean salmon programs. Four types of sampling gears with various mouth openings and configurations were examined for the ability to catch known juvenile salmon prey. Samples were examined for differences in species composition, relative biomass, length distribution, and taxonomic overlap with prey in the diets of salmon sampled concurrently. The herring, Marinovich, and Methot trawl nets generally caught juvenile prey fish such as hexagrammids, rockfish, cottids, and osmerids. These prey were in the 15-95 mm fork-length range, consistent with the type and size eaten by juvenile salmon. The bongo net sampled smaller invertebrate prey, which are rarely eaten by juvenile salmon, but instead are common prey of the juvenile fish that salmon consume. Overlap between prey fields and salmon diets was moderate for samples from the larger gear types but low for those from bongo nets towed in the same area. The fact that no gear matched exactly with coho and Chinook salmon diets was related to differences in catchability of the prey in different gears but may also in part be probably due to the high mobility of juvenile salmon, which enables these fish to consume food in locations distant from where they are sampled, and also to selectively feed in areas of high prey concentration. Based on our analysis, we recommend the use of micronekton gears with larger mouth openings and mesh sizes for better filtration rather than standard plankton gears (i.e., bongo nets) for direct estimates of available prey resources for juvenile coho or Chinook salmon. Sampling the abundance, size, and distribution of prey fields for juvenile salmon during their first summer in the ocean, a period of high natural mortality, may help us to better understand the mechanisms of bottom-up forcing on interannual changes in salmon mortality. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.; Morgan, Cheryl A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Benkwitt, Cassandra E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov OI Benkwitt, Cassandra/0000-0001-6756-7958 FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We are grateful to those who helped collect the data including Chris Toole, Lanaya Fitzgerald, Scott Heppell, Toby Auth, and the captain and crews of the RV Miller Freeman, FV Piky, and FV Frosti. Mike Halstead of Eastside Nets modified a previous version of the herring trawl to make it suitable for use in the ocean environment. We thank Ed Casillas, Bill Pearcy, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration and the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 108 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.023 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 722JM UT WOS:000287428500009 ER PT J AU Arend, KK Beletsky, D DePinto, JV Ludsin, SA Roberts, JJ Rucinski, DK Scavia, D Schwab, DJ Hook, TO AF Arend, Kristin K. Beletsky, Dmitry DePinto, Joseph V. Ludsin, Stuart A. Roberts, James J. Rucinski, Daniel K. Scavia, Donald Schwab, David J. Hoeoek, Tomas O. TI Seasonal and interannual effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in central Lake Erie SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; Great Lakes; growth rate potential; hypoxia; spatially explicit ID PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; YELLOW PERCH; RAINBOW SMELT; ATLANTIC COD; STRIPED BASS; VENTILATORY FREQUENCY; OVERWINTER MORTALITY; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; METABOLIC SCOPE AB P>1. Hypoxia occurs seasonally in many stratified coastal marine and freshwater ecosystems when bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are depleted below 2-3 mg O-2 L-1. 2. We evaluated the effects of hypoxia on fish habitat quality in the central basin of Lake Erie from 1987 to 2005, using bioenergetic growth rate potential (GRP) as a proxy for habitat quality. We compared the effect of hypoxia on habitat quality of (i) rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax mordax Mitchill (young-of-year, YOY, and adult), a cold-water planktivore, (ii) emerald shiner, Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque (adult), a warm-water planktivore, (iii) yellow perch, Perca flavescens Mitchill (YOY and adult), a cool-water benthopelagic omnivore and (iv) round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas (adult) a eurythermal benthivore. Annual thermal and DO profiles were generated from 1D thermal and DO hydrodynamics models developed for Lake Erie's central basin. 3. Hypoxia occurred annually, typically from mid-July to mid-October, which spatially and temporally overlaps with otherwise high benthic habitat quality. Hypoxia reduced the habitat quality across fish species and life stages, but the magnitude of the reduction varied both among and within species because of the differences in tolerance to low DO levels and warm-water temperatures. 4. Across years, trends in habitat quality mirrored trends in phosphorus concentration and water column oxygen demand in central Lake Erie. The per cent reduction in habitat quality owing to hypoxia was greatest for adult rainbow smelt and round goby (mean: -35%), followed by adult emerald shiner (mean: -12%), YOY rainbow smelt (mean: -10%) and YOY and adult yellow perch (mean: -8.5%). 5. Our results highlight the importance of differential spatiotemporally interactive effects of DO and temperature on relative fish habitat quality and quantity. These effects have the potential to influence the performance of individual fish species as well as population dynamics, trophic interactions and fish community structure. C1 [Arend, Kristin K.] Lake Super State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. [Arend, Kristin K.; Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Beletsky, Dmitry; Roberts, James J.] Univ Michigan, CILER, Sch Nat Resources & Environm SNRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DePinto, Joseph V.; Rucinski, Daniel K.] LimnoTech, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Roberts, James J.; Rucinski, Daniel K.; Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, SNRE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Roberts, James J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Scavia, Donald] Univ Michigan, Graham Environm Sustainabil Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Arend, KK (reprint author), Lake Super State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, 650 W Easterday Ave, Sault Ste Marie, MI 49783 USA. EM karend@lssu.edu RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Arend, Kristin/0000-0003-1115-1050; Scavia, Donald/0000-0002-2784-8269; Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 FU United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA07OAR432000] FX This research was funded by United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Coastal Ocean Program grant NA07OAR432000. This paper is NOAA EcoFore-Lake Erie Project contribution # 09-005. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution # 1572. NR 77 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 EI 1365-2427 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 366 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02504.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 703RN UT WOS:000285999100013 ER PT J AU Aufdenkampe, AK Mayorga, E Raymond, PA Melack, JM Doney, SC Alin, SR Aalto, RE Yoo, K AF Aufdenkampe, Anthony K. Mayorga, Emilio Raymond, Peter A. Melack, John M. Doney, Scott C. Alin, Simone R. Aalto, Rolf E. Yoo, Kyungsoo TI Riverine coupling of biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; CARBON-CYCLE; ORGANIC-CARBON; GLOBAL CARBON; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; AMAZONIAN RIVERS; COASTAL OCEAN; SOIL-EROSION; IMPACT; CO2 AB Streams, rivers, lakes, and other inland waters are important agents in the coupling of biogeochemical cycles between continents, atmosphere, and oceans. The depiction of these roles in global-scale assessments of carbon (C) and other bioactive elements remains limited, yet recent findings suggest that C discharged to the oceans is only a fraction of that entering rivers from terrestrial ecosystems via soil respiration, leaching, chemical weathering, and physical erosion. Most of this C influx is returned to the atmosphere from inland waters as carbon dioxide (CO2) or buried in sedimentary deposits within impoundments, lakes, floodplains, and other wetlands. Carbon and mineral cycles are coupled by both erosion deposition processes and chemical weathering, with the latter producing dissolved inorganic C and carbonate buffering capacity that strongly modulate downstream pH, biological production of calcium-carbonate shells, and CO2 outgassing in rivers, estuaries, and coastal zones. Human activities substantially affect all of these processes. C1 [Aufdenkampe, Anthony K.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA USA. [Mayorga, Emilio] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Raymond, Peter A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Melack, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Alin, Simone R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Aalto, Rolf E.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Sch Geog, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Yoo, Kyungsoo] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Aufdenkampe, AK (reprint author), Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA USA. EM aufdenkampe@stroudcenter.org RI Raymond, Peter/C-4087-2009; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Yoo, Kyungsoo/D-2463-2013; OI Raymond, Peter/0000-0002-8564-7860; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF); National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We thank J Cole for encouraging this paper and M Pace for the open dialogue and excellent suggestions for revisions. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provided funding for this work. NR 52 TC 314 Z9 322 U1 44 U2 309 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1890/100014 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714XQ UT WOS:000286845400008 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Azizov, N. D. TI Heat capacity of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) at high temperatures and high pressures SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Vacuum calorimeter; Heat capacity; Rocket propellant (RP-1); Thermal decomposition ID AVIATION; S-8 AB Isobaric heat capacity of rocket propellant (RP-1 fuel) has been measured with a vacuum adiabatic calorimeter immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. Measurements were made in the temperature range from 293 to 671 K and at pressures up to 60 MPa. The uncertainty of heat capacity, pressure, and temperature measurements were estimated to be 2-2.5%, 0.05%, and 15 mK, respectively. The measured values of heat capacity were compared with the values calculated from a surrogate mixture model (equation of state, EOS). The average absolute deviation (AAD) between the present data and the values calculated with EOS was 0.81%. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Azizov, N. D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST FX Abdulagatov thanks the Thermophysical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. The authors also thank Dr. Magee, Dr. Lemmon, Dr. T. Bruno, and Dr. Huber for the helpful discussions and providing the sample, surrogate model for RP-1, and chemical analysis of the sample. Part of this work was financially supported by the NIST. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD FEB PY 2011 VL 90 IS 2 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.038 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 683FZ UT WOS:000284458900016 ER PT J AU Taylor, J Datta, S Hati, A Nelson, C Quinlan, F Joshi, A Diddams, S AF Taylor, J. Datta, S. Hati, A. Nelson, C. Quinlan, F. Joshi, A. Diddams, S. TI Characterization of Power-to-Phase Conversion in High-Speed P-I-N Photodiodes SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Frequency combs; microwave photonics; photodetectors ID SAPPHIRE FEMTOSECOND OSCILLATOR; BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; MICROWAVE SIGNALS; FREQUENCY COMB; NOISE; PHOTODETECTORS; AMPLITUDE; SYNCHRONIZATION; EXTRACTION; GENERATION AB Fluctuations of the optical power incident on a photodiode can be converted into phase fluctuations of the resulting electronic signal due to nonlinear saturation in the semiconductor. This impacts overall timing stability (phase noise) of microwave signals generated from a photodetected optical pulse train. In this paper, we describe and utilize techniques to characterize this conversion of amplitude noise to phase noise for several high-speed (> 10 GHz) InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes operated at 900 nm. We focus on the impact of this effect on the photonic generation of low phase noise 10-GHz microwave signals and show that a combination of low laser amplitude noise, appropriate photodiode design, and optimum average photocurrent is required to achieve phase noise at or below -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset for a 10-GHz carrier. In some photodiodes, we find specific photocurrents where the power-to-phase conversion factor is observed to go to zero. C1 [Taylor, J.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.; Quinlan, F.; Diddams, S.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Taylor, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Datta, S.; Joshi, A.] Discovery Semicond, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. RP Taylor, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jennifer.taylor@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Manuscript received January 19, 2011; accepted January 24, 2011. Date of publication January 31, 2011; date of current version February 15, 2011. This work was supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and an NIST Small Business Innovation Research grant to Discovery Semiconductor. This work is a contribution of an agency of the U.S. government and not subject to copyright in the U.S. Corresponding authors: J. Taylor and S. Diddams (e-mail: jennifer. taylor@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov). NR 36 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2011.2109703 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 722FB UT WOS:000287415900002 ER PT J AU Rocas, E Collado, C Orloff, ND Mateu, J Padilla, A O'Callaghan, JM Booth, JC AF Rocas, Eduard Collado, Carlos Orloff, Nathan D. Mateu, Jordi Padilla, Alberto O'Callaghan, Juan M. Booth, James C. TI Passive Intermodulation Due to Self-Heating in Printed Transmission Lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Intermodulation distortion; nonlinearities; printed lines; self-heating; temperature; thermal effects; transmission lines ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DISTORTION; NONLINEARITIES; GENERATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes a mechanism by which third-order intermodulation distortion, due to self-heating, is generated in transmission lines. This work shows how transmission lines made of several materials, whose properties are independent of the electric and magnetic fields, can generate important levels of intermodulation distortion. A circuit model supported by finite-element simulations is presented to account for the temperature generation and also for its impact on the nonlinear performance. Closed-form expressions are used to calculate the generated intermodulation products and are derived from the circuit model and compared with simulations. Finally, measurements and simulations of different transmission lines are presented, showing very good agreement. C1 [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Mateu, Jordi; Padilla, Alberto; O'Callaghan, Juan M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rocas, Eduard; Collado, Carlos; Orloff, Nathan D.; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. EM eduard.rocas@tsc.upc.edu RI O'Callaghan, Juan /F-6595-2013; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015; OI O'Callaghan, Juan /0000-0002-2740-0202; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966; Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699 FU U.S. Government; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM]; Spanish Ministry of Education [BES-2007-16775]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2008-BE2-00196]; [AP2008-02235] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Government and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM. The work of E. Rocas was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under a Ph.D. Fellowship (BES-2007-16775). The work of C. Collado was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya under a grant (2008-BE2-00196). The work of A. Padilla was supported under a Ph.D. Fellowship (AP2008-02235). This paper is an expanded paper from the IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symposium, Anaheim, CA, May 23-28, 2010. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 59 IS 2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2090356 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 722EZ UT WOS:000287415700011 ER PT J AU Boyer, T Gopalakrishna, VV Reseghetti, F Naik, A Suneel, V Ravichandran, M Ali, NPM Rafeeq, MMM Chico, RA AF Boyer, Tim Gopalakrishna, V. V. Reseghetti, Franco Naik, Amit Suneel, V. Ravichandran, M. Ali, N. P. Mohammed Rafeeq, M. M. Mohammed Chico, R. Anthony TI Investigation of XBT and XCTD Biases in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal with Implications for Climate Studies SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FALL-RATE; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; EQUATION; RATES AB Long time series of XBT data in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea are valuable datasets for exploring and understanding climate variability. However, such studies of interannual and longer-scale variability of temperature require an understanding, and, if possible, a correction of errors introduced by biases in the XBT and expendable conductivity temperature depth (XCTD) data. Two cruises in each basin were undertaken in 2008/09 on which series of tests of XBTs and XCTDs dropped simultaneously with CTD casts were performed. The XBT and XCTD depths were corrected by comparison with CID data using a modification of an existing algorithm. Significant probe-to-probe fall-rate equation (FRE) velocity and deceleration coefficient variability was found within a cruise, as well as cruise-to-cruise variability. A small (similar to 0.01 degrees C) temperature bias was also identified for XBTs on each cruise. No new FRE can be proposed for either the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea for XBTs. For the more consistent XCTD, basin-specific FREs are possible for the Bay of Bengal, but not for the Arabian Sea. The XCTD FRE velocity coefficients are significantly higher than the XCTD manufacturers' FRE coefficient or those from previous tests, possibly resulting from the influence of temperature on XCTD FRE. Mean temperature anomalies versus a long-term mean climatology for XBT data using the present default FRE have a bias (which is positive for three cruises and negative for one cruise) compared to the mean temperature anomalies for CTD data. Some improvement is found when applying newly calculated cruise-specific FREs. This temperature error must be accounted for in any study of temperature change in the regions. C1 [Boyer, Tim] Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gopalakrishna, V. V.; Naik, Amit; Suneel, V.; Chico, R. Anthony] Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji, Goa, India. [Reseghetti, Franco] Italian Natl Agcy New Technol, Lerici, Italy. [Ravichandran, M.] Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Ali, N. P. Mohammed; Rafeeq, M. M. Mohammed] Natl Inst Oceanog Reg Ctr, Kochi, India. RP Boyer, T (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM tim.boyer@noaa.gov OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences through INCOIS FX We would like to acknowledge the help of Pr. Shoichi Kizu, Tohoku Univeristy, and LM Sippican for sharing their research and knowledge regarding XBT and XCTD fall rates. We would also like to acknowledge our colleagues Syd Levitus and Ricardo Locarnini and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. The data were collected under the ongoing long-term observational program supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences through INCOIS. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 266 EP 286 DI 10.1175/2010JTECHO784.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 736VG UT WOS:000288522500010 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M Diky, V Chirico, RD Goldberg, RN Heerklotz, H Ladbury, JE Remeta, DP Dymond, JH Goodwin, ARH Marsh, KN Wakeham, WA Stein, SE Brown, PL Konigsberger, E William, PA AF Frenkel, Michael Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Goldberg, Robert N. Heerklotz, Heiko Ladbury, John E. Remeta, David P. Dymond, John H. Goodwin, Anthony R. H. Marsh, Kenneth N. Wakeham, William A. Stein, Stephen E. Brown, Paul L. Koenigsberger, Erich William, Peter A. TI ThermoML: an XML-Based Approach for Storage and Exchange of Experimental and Critically Evaluated Thermophysical and Thermochemical Property Data. 5. Speciation and Complex Equilibria SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB ThermoML is an XML-based approach for storage and exchange of measured and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. Extensions to the ThermoML schema for the representation of speciation and complex equilibria are described. The text of ThermoML (xml) is provided to illustrate application of the new extensions. These are provided as Supporting Information together with the complete updated ThermoML schema. C1 [Frenkel, Michael; Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Goldberg, Robert N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heerklotz, Heiko] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharm, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada. [Ladbury, John E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Remeta, David P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Dymond, John H.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Goodwin, Anthony R. H.] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Wakeham, William A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Stein, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Paul L.] Rio Tinto Technol & Innovat, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Koenigsberger, Erich] Murdoch Univ, Sch Chem & Math Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [William, Peter A.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications (CPEP) [2007-039-1-024] FX The authors express their appreciation to the IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications (CPEP) for providing travel funds for this project: 2007-039-1-024 "Extension of ThermoML - the IUPAC Standard for Thermodynamic Data Communications." NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD FEB PY 2011 VL 56 IS 2 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1021/je100999j PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 717SE UT WOS:000287066900019 ER PT J AU Tselioudis, G Rossow, WB AF Tselioudis, George Rossow, William B. TI Time Scales of Variability of the Tropical Atmosphere Derived from Cloud-Defined Weather States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; ISCCP; OCEAN; ENSO AB The recent analysis of Rossow et al. used a clustering technique to derive six tropical weather states (WS) based on mesoscale cloud-type patterns and documented the spatial distribution of those WS and the modes of variability of the convective WS in the tropical western Pacific. In this study, the global tropics are separated into 30 degrees X 30 degrees regions, and a clustering algorithm is applied to the regional WS frequency distributions to derive the dominant modes of weather state variability (or the climate state variability) in each region. The results show that the whole tropical atmosphere oscillates between a convectively active and a convectively suppressed regime with the exception of the eastern parts of the two ocean basins, where the oscillation is between a stratocumulus and a trade cumulus regime. The dominant mode of both those oscillations is the seasonal cycle with the exception of the eastern Indian and western-central Pacific region, where El Nino frequencies dominate. The transitions between the convectively active and suppressed regimes produce longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative differences that are of opposite sign and of similar magnitude, being of order 20-30 W m(-2) over ocean and 10-20 W m(-2) over land and thus producing an overall balance in the TOA radiative budget. The precipitation differences between the convectively active and suppressed regimes are found to be of order 2.5-3 mm day(-1) ocean and 1-2.4 mm day(-1) over land. Finally, the transitions between the stratocumulus and shallow cumulus regimes produce noticeable TOA SW differences of order 10-20 W m(-2) and very small TOA LW and precipitation differences. The potential climate feedback implications of the regime radiation and precipitation differences are discussed. C1 [Tselioudis, George] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tselioudis, George] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Atmospher Phys & Climatol, Athens, Greece. [Rossow, William B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Tselioudis, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM gt9@columbia.edu RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 FU NASA [08MAP0004, NNXD7AN04G] FX We thank Alison Sheffield for her valuable contribution in implementing the clustering diagnostics. We also thank an anonymous reviewer for thorough and constructive comments. Work by G. T and W. B. R was supported by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program (managed by Dr. David Considine) under Grants 08MAP0004 and NNXD7AN04G. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 602 EP 608 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3574.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734AB UT WOS:000288304500002 ER PT J AU Frankignoul, C Sennechael, N Kwon, YO Alexander, MA AF Frankignoul, Claude Sennechael, Nathalie Kwon, Young-Oh Alexander, Michael A. TI Influence of the Meridional Shifts of the Kuroshio and the Oyashio Extensions on the Atmospheric Circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SST; DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; EDDY-RESOLVING OGCM; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; GULF-STREAM; EL-NINO; PACIFIC; ANOMALIES; OCEAN; OSCILLATION AB The meridional shifts of the Oyashio Extension (OE) and of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), as derived from high-resolution monthly sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in 1982-2008 and historical temperature profiles in 1979-2007, respectively, are shown based on lagged regression analysis to significantly influence the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The signals are independent from the ENSO teleconnections, which were removed by seasonally varying, asymmetric regression onto the first three principal components of the tropical Pacific SST anomalies. The response to the meridional shifts of the OE front is equivalent barotropic and broadly resembles the North Pacific Oscillation/western Pacific pattern in a positive phase for a northward frontal displacement. The response may reach 35 m at 250 hPa for a typical OE shift, a strong sensitivity since the associated SST anomaly is 0.5 K. However, the amplitude, but not the pattern or statistical significance, strongly depends on the lag and an assumed 2-month atmospheric response time. The response is stronger during fall and winter and when the front is displaced southward. The response to the northward KE shifts primarily consists of a high centered in the northwestern North Pacific and hemispheric teleconnections. The response is also equivalent barotropic, except near Kamchatka, where it tilts slightly westward with height. The typical amplitude is half as large as that associated with OE shifts. C1 [Frankignoul, Claude; Sennechael, Nathalie] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Kwon, Young-Oh] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Frankignoul, C (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM cf@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Kwon, Young-Oh/C-2190-2008; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Kwon, Young-Oh/0000-0002-1241-2817; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU L'Institut universitaire de France; WHOI; NASA [NNX09AF35G]; NOAA FX The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data were provided through the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD in Boulder, Colorado, from its Web site (available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). Discussion with B. Qiu and N. Schneider and the thoughtful comments of B. Taguchi and an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the L'Institut universitaire de France (CF), the WHOI Heyman fellowship, and the NASA Grant with Award NNX09AF35G (Y.-O. K), and grants through NOAA's Climate Variability and Predictability Program (MAA). NR 61 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 762 EP 777 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3731.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734AB UT WOS:000288304500013 ER PT J AU Free, M AF Free, Melissa TI The Seasonal Structure of Temperature Trends in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE HIGH-LATITUDES; RADIOSONDE DATA; MODEL SIMULATIONS; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE; MSU AB Radiosonde data show a large seasonal difference in trends since 1979 in the tropical lower stratosphere, with a maximum cooling of similar to 1 K decade(-1) in December and January and a minimum in March or April at 50 mb between 10 degrees N and 10 degrees S. The statistically significant difference of up to similar to 1 K decade(-1) between trends in December and those in March amounts to up to 20% of the climatological seasonal cycle. Although the size of annual mean cooling trends differs substantially among datasets, the seasonal pattern of trends is similar in all six radiosonde datasets used here and is consistent with MSU satellite data for the lower stratosphere. This greater cooling in boreal winter essentially disappears below 100 mb, and the troposphere has a different and smaller seasonal trend pattern. Trends in the tropical stratosphere show an inverse relationship with those in the Arctic for 1979-2009, which might be related to changes in stratospheric circulation. In most radiosonde data, however, the seasonal pattern of tropical trends at 50 mb since 1979 seems to come from a seasonal difference in the size of the stratospheric cooling in the mid-1990s, and trends for longer time periods or those for 1995-2009 do not show the same seasonal dependence. Whether the strengthening of the seasonal cycle in the stratosphere represents a long-term change related to greenhouse gas forcing, a shorter-lived shift related to ozone depletion or unforced interdecadal variability requires careful further study. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM melissa.free@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3841.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734AB UT WOS:000288304500019 ER PT J AU Dunion, JP AF Dunion, Jason P. TI Rewriting the Climatology of the Tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea Atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SAHARAN AIR LAYER; CYCLONES; SURFACE; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATIONS; INTENSITY; CLOUDS; IMPACT; WAVES; SSM/I AB The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark reference for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere for over 50 years. However, recent observations and studies have suggested that during the months of the North Atlantic hurricane season, this region of the world is affected by multiple air masses with very distinct thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics. This study examined similar to 6000 rawinsonde observations from the Caribbean Sea region taken during the core months (July October) of the 1995-2002 hurricane seasons. It was found that single mean soundings created from this new dataset were very similar to C. L. Jordan's 1958 sounding work. However, recently developed multispectral satellite imagery that can track low- to midlevel dry air masses indicated that the 1995-2002 hurricane season dataset (and likely Jordan's dataset as well) was dominated by three distinct air masses: moist tropical (MT), Saharan air layer (SAL), and midlatitude dry air intrusions (MLDAIs). Findings suggest that each sounding is associated with unique thermodynamic, kinematic, stability, and mean sea level pressure characteristics and that none of these soundings is particularly well represented by a single mean sounding such as Jordan's. This work presents three new mean tropical soundings (MT, SAL, and MLDAI) for the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea region and includes information on their temporal variability, thermodynamics, winds, wind shear, stability, total precipitable water, and mean sea level pressure attributes. It is concluded that the new MT, SAL, and MLDAI soundings presented here provide a more robust depiction of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere during the Atlantic hurricane season and should replace the Jordan mean tropical sounding as the new benchmark soundings for this part of the world. C1 NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dunion, JP (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jason.dunion@noaa.gov RI Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014 OI Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569 NR 33 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB 1 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 3 BP 893 EP 908 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3496.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 734AB UT WOS:000288304500022 ER PT J AU Bundy, A Link, JS Smith, BE Cook, AM AF Bundy, A. Link, J. S. Smith, B. E. Cook, A. M. TI You are what you eat, whenever or wherever you eat it: an integrative analysis of fish food habits in Canadian and U.S.A. waters SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilateral collaboration; EAM; fish diet; Gulf of Maine area; multivariate analysis; seasonal comparison ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; ATLANTIC COD; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; FEEDING ECOLOGY; SCOTIAN SHELF; DEMERSAL FISH; GEORGES BANK; GULF; DIET; COLLAPSE AB The degree to which fish diet differs by season and area, particularly over broad scales, was examined for the first time in temperate, contiguous north-west Atlantic Ocean waters by comparing food habit data for 10 species of fishes collected concurrently during the spring and autumn surveys in the U.S.A. (Gulf of Maine proper and Georges Bank) and in the summer survey in Canada (western Scotian Shelf and Bay of Fundy). For most species, there was a general concurrence among the three seasons and four areas: summer diets had the same dominant prey items as spring and autumn diets. Although a suite of multivariate analyses did elucidate some differences in specific proportions of the diet for these species across seasons and areas, the main prey did not substantially change for most of these species. These results suggest that there are (1) minimal differences in diet across season for these species at these taxonomic resolutions, (2) there are minimal differences in diet geographically for these species and (3) differences across species, as expected, are important. Many fisheries ecosystem and multispecies models are dependent on food habit data, where resolving seasonal and spatial differences in diet remains an important consideration; however, the present work implies that amalgamated estimates of diet from seasonal surveys may be a reasonable approach when no finer seasonal resolution exists, as long as due diligence is exercised. C1 [Bundy, A.; Cook, A. M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Link, J. S.; Smith, B. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bundy, A (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM alida.bundy@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015 OI Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 78 IS 2 BP 514 EP 539 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02868.x PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 715MH UT WOS:000286888100008 PM 21284632 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Dirmeyer, PA Wei, JF Guo, ZC Lu, CH AF Zhang, Li Dirmeyer, Paul A. Wei, Jiangfeng Guo, Zhichang Lu, Cheng-Hsuan TI Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength in the Global Forecast SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; ETA-MODEL; PART II; SIMULATION; GLACE; REANALYSIS; NOAH AB The operational coupled land atmosphere forecast model from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is evaluated for the strength and characteristics of its coupling in the water cycle between land and atmosphere. Following the protocols of the Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) it is found that the Global Forecast System (GFS) atmospheric model coupled to the Noah land surface model exhibits extraordinarily weak land atmosphere coupling, much as its predecessor, the GFS-Oregon State University (OSU) coupled system. The coupling strength is evaluated by the ability of subsurface soil wetness to affect locally the time series of precipitation. The surface fluxes in Noah are also found to be rather insensitive to subsurface soil wetness. Comparison to another atmospheric model coupled to Noah as well as a different land surface model show that Noah is responsible for some of the lack of sensitivity, primarily because its thick (10 cm) surface layer dominates the variability in surface latent heat fluxes. Noah is found to be as responsive as other land surface models to surface soil wetness and temperature variations, suggesting the design of the GLACE sensitivity experiment (based only on subsurface soil wetness) handicapped the Noah model. Additional experiments, in which the parameterization of evapotranspiration is altered, as well as experiments where surface soil wetness is also constrained, isolate the GFS atmospheric model as the principal source of the weak sensitivity of precipitation to land surface states. C1 [Dirmeyer, Paul A.; Wei, Jiangfeng; Guo, Zhichang] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Lu, Cheng-Hsuan] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Zhang, Li] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Zhang, Li] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Dirmeyer, PA (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM dirmeyer@cola.iges.org RI Wei, Jiangfeng/C-6342-2009; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016 OI Wei, Jiangfeng/0000-0001-8981-8674; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4310067] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their very thoughtful comments that helped us to strengthen this paper. This research was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award NA06OAR4310067. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 12 IS 1 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1319.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729YW UT WOS:000287991600009 ER PT J AU Irisov, V Voronovich, A AF Irisov, Vladimir Voronovich, Alexander TI Numerical Simulation of Wave Breaking SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WATER PLUNGING BREAKERS; STEEP SURFACE-WAVES; DEEP-WATER; GRAVITY-WAVES; SEA; INSTABILITIES; DEFORMATION; PROBABILITY; TURBULENCE; CRITERIA AB The wave breaking events in a continuous spectrum of surface gravity waves are investigated numerically in 2D within a framework of the potential motion model. It is claimed that the major physical mechanism leading to wave breaking is "squeezing" of relatively short waves by the surface currents due to longer waves (the "concertina" effect), which causes the shorter waves to steepen and become unstable. It is demonstrated that locations of the breaking events are well correlated with the maximum of local current convergence, although slightly worse correlation of the locations with the local steepness of undulating surface cannot reliably exclude the latter mechanism either. It is found also that the breaking events are very rare for random surfaces with a root-mean-square (RMS) current gradient below a threshold value of about 1 s(-1). The process of wave breaking was investigated by two numerical codes. One of them is based on approximation of continuous media with a discrete Hamiltonian system, which can be integrated in time very efficiently and accurately but is limited to single-valued profiles. The other is the Laplacian approach, which can explicitly exhibit the overturning of plunging breakers. Study of the discrete system shows that wave breaking is associated with the explosive growth of a certain spatially localized mode of the system. C1 [Irisov, Vladimir; Voronovich, Alexander] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irisov, Vladimir] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Irisov, V (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM vladimir.irisov@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 346 EP 364 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4442.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 734AE UT WOS:000288304800006 ER PT J AU Spengler, T Egger, J Garner, ST AF Spengler, Thomas Egger, Joseph Garner, Stephen T. TI How Does Rain Affect Surface Pressure in a One-Dimensional Framework? SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DRY-SEASON PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL WEST-AFRICA; COMPRESSIBLE ATMOSPHERE; GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT; EXTRATROPICS; MASS AB The process of hydrostatic adjustment in a vertical column is discussed in the context of rain formation and sedimentation. The authors assume an event of instantaneous condensation in a midatmospheric layer that removes mass from the gas phase and produces latent heating. It is shown that the rain formation leads to a change of the surface pressure after a short period of acoustic wave activity. There is, however, no hydrostatic surface effect once the particles reach terminal velocity. It is not until the rain reaches the ground that the surface pressure decreases consistently with the mass removed by the phase change. Only the mass removal introduces perturbations below the layer of rain formation, where it acts to stretch the lower levels, reducing pressure and temperature. Above the layer of rain formation, the effects of latent heating dominate over the effects of mass removal by an order of magnitude. The hydrostatic adjustment time is found to be approximately equal to e(2)N(a)(-1) (340 s, where N(a) is the acoustic cutoff frequency and e is the Euler constant) and is proportional to the temperature of the isothermal basic state. The energy distribution is found to be dominated by the latent heating. However, the mass removal significantly alters the amount of energy lost due to work done by the pressure perturbations. The implications for numerical modeling are discussed. C1 [Spengler, Thomas] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Egger, Joseph] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Garner, Stephen T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Spengler, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Sayre Hall,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM thomas.spengler@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 68 IS 2 BP 347 EP 360 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3582.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 731XQ UT WOS:000288144300011 ER PT J AU Beaudreau, AH Andrews, KS Larsen, DA Young, G Beckman, BR AF Beaudreau, Anne H. Andrews, Kelly S. Larsen, Donald A. Young, Graham Beckman, Brian R. TI Variation in plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in lingcod: relationships among season, size, and gonadal steroids SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ANNUAL REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; COHO SALMON; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE AB The physiological response of a fish to its environment is mediated through the endocrine axis controlling growth. Therefore, growth-regulating hormone levels can serve as ecologically relevant indicators of fish growth rate. We quantified variation in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to evaluate its potential as an indicator of growth in lingcod, an economically and ecologically important bottomfish species in the northeast Pacific. An information-theoretic model selection approach was used to test the hypothesis that variation in lingcod IGF-I is related to season, body size, and gonadal steroid concentration. Season and a length x season interaction were the most important predictors of plasma IGF-I among the variables we evaluated, suggesting that season and body size should be explicitly accounted for when interpreting endocrine patterns in wild fish populations. This is among the few studies that have measured and interpreted patterns of IGF-I in wild fish and the first to describe seasonal endocrine profiles in lingcod. C1 [Beaudreau, Anne H.; Young, Graham] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andrews, Kelly S.; Larsen, Donald A.; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Young, Graham] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Beaudreau, AH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM annebeau@uw.edu OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (UW-SAFS); Friday Harbor Laboratories; National Science Foundation; ARCS Foundation FX This research was funded in part by the Internal Grant Program at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (UW-SAFS) and Friday Harbor Laboratories provided funding and facilities for Weld work. A. H. B. was supported by the National Science Foundation, ARCS Foundation, and UW-SAFS. We thank the many volunteers involved in the collection of lingcod, especially A. Dufault and C. Sergeant. We thank K. Cooper and J. Dickey (UW-SAFS) for conducting the hormone assays. Thanks to three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on a draft of the manuscript. The research complies with all applicable United States laws, and the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s00227-010-1571-9 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 706II UT WOS:000286211200017 ER PT J AU Doyle, MJ Watson, W Bowlin, NM Sheavly, SB AF Doyle, Miriam J. Watson, William Bowlin, Noelle M. Sheavly, Seba B. TI Plastic particles in coastal pelagic ecosystems of the Northeast Pacific ocean SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Plastic particles; Fragments; Fibers; Pellets; Pelagic ecosystems; Southeast Bering sea; California current ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; NEUSTONIC ICHTHYOPLANKTON; MICRO-DEBRIS; TAR; ZOOPLANKTON; POLLUTION; PLANKTON; BEACHES; ACCUMULATION AB The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution, abundance and characteristics of plastic particles in plankton samples collected routinely in Northeast Pacific ecosystems, and to contribute to the development of ideas for future research into the occurrence and impact of small plastic debris in marine pelagic ecosystems. Plastic debris particles were assessed from zooplankton samples collected as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ongoing ecosystem surveys during two research cruises in the Southeast Bering Sea in the spring and fall of 2006 and four research cruises off the U.S. west coast (primarily off southern California) in spring, summer and fall of 2006, and in January of 2007. Nets with 0.505 mm mesh were used to collect surface samples during all cruises, and subsurface samples during the four cruises off the west coast. The 595 plankton samples processed indicate that plastic particles are widely distributed in surface waters. The proportion of surface samples from each cruise that contained particles of plastic ranged from 8.75 to 84.0%, whereas particles were recorded in sub-surface samples from only one cruise (in 28.2% of the January 2007 samples). Spatial and temporal variability was apparent in the abundance and distribution of the plastic particles and mean standardized quantities varied among cruises with ranges of 0.004-0.19 particles/m(3), and 0.014-0.209 mg dry mass/m(3). Off southern California, quantities for the winter cruise were significantly higher, and for the spring cruise significantly lower than for the summer and fall surveys (surface data). Differences between surface particle concentrations and mass for the Bering Sea and California coast surveys were significant for pair-wise comparisons of the spring but not the fall cruises. The particles were assigned to three plastic product types: product fragments, fishing net and line fibers, and industrial pellets: and five size categories: <1 mm, 1-2.5 mm, >2.5-5 mm, >5-10 mm, and >10 mm. Product fragments accounted for the majority of the particles, and most were less than 2.5 mm in size. The ubiquity of such particles in the survey areas and predominance of sizes <2.5 mm implies persistence in these pelagic ecosystems as a result of continuous breakdown from larger plastic debris fragments, and widespread distribution by ocean currents. Detailed investigations of the trophic ecology of individual zooplankton species, and their encounter rates with various size ranges of plastic particles in the marine pelagic environment, are required in order to understand the potential for ingestion of such debris particles by these organisms. Ongoing plankton sampling programs by marine research institutes in large marine ecosystems are good potential sources of data for continued assessment of the abundance, distribution and potential impact of small plastic debris in productive coastal pelagic zones. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Doyle, Miriam J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Watson, William; Bowlin, Noelle M.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Sheavly, Seba B.] Sheavly Consultants, Virginia Beach, VA 23452 USA. RP Doyle, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, POB 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM miriam.doyle@noaa.gov FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; American Chemistry Council; Alaska Fisheries Science Center (Seattle); Southwest Fisheries Science Center (La Jolla) of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding for this study was provided by NOAA's Marine Debris Program (through the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation) and by matching funds from the American Chemistry Council. The Alaska Fisheries Science Center (Seattle) and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (La Jolla) of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service are acknowledged for collection and processing of plankton samples. Scientists at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center's Ichthyoplankton Laboratory were responsible for sorting the plankton samples for debris. Ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) from the CalCOFI plankton samples are archived at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, and the remaining portions of the plankton samples are archived at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pelagic Invertebrates Collection. Kevin Battjes of Impact Analytical Inc. is acknowledged for the debris analysis. We thank Mark Ohman of Scripps Institution of Oceanography for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. This is contribution EcoFOCI-0755 to NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 49 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 15 U2 152 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 71 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.10.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 720JE UT WOS:000287276100006 PM 21093039 ER PT J AU Cheng, YC Li, XF Xu, Q Garcia-Pineda, O Andersen, OB Pichel, WG AF Cheng, Yongcun Li, Xiaofeng Xu, Qing Garcia-Pineda, Oscar Andersen, Ole Baltazar Pichel, William G. TI SAR observation and model tracking of an oil spill event in coastal waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; GNOME; Trajectory; SAR; Simulation ID SIMULATION; IMAGES; OCEAN; GULF AB Oil spills are a major contributor to marine pollution. The objective of this work is to simulate the oil spill trajectory of oil released from a pipeline leaking in the Gulf of Mexico with the GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment) model. The model was developed by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) to investigate the effects of different pollutants and environmental conditions on trajectory results. Also, a Texture-Classifying Neural Network Algorithm (TCNNA) was used to delineate ocean oil slicks from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. During the simulation, ocean currents from NCOM (Navy Coastal Ocean Model) outputs and surface wind data measured by an NDBC (National Data Buoy Center) buoy are used to drive the GNOME model. The results show good agreement between the simulated trajectory of the oil spill and synchronous observations from the European ENVI-SAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) and the Japanese ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) PALSAR (Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) images. Based on experience with past marine oil spills, about 63.0% of the oil will float and 18.5% of the oil will evaporate and disperse. In addition, the effects from uncertainty of ocean currents and the diffusion coefficient on the trajectory results are also studied. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Yongcun; Andersen, Ole Baltazar] DTU Space, Natl Space Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qing] Hohai Univ, Key Lab Coastal Disaster & Def, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Garcia-Pineda, Oscar] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cheng, YC (reprint author), DTU Space, Natl Space Ctr, Juliane Mariesvej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM cych@space.dtu.dk RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41006108]; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics [SOED0909]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2009B02514]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [IAP09316]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering FX We thank Robert Daniels (NOAA/NCEP/Ocean Prediction Center) for providing NCOM forecast ocean current outputs. SAR images were provided by ESA through Envisat projects 431 and 6133, and by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the University of Miami Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks Alaska Satellite Facility through ALOS Project 51 (First Research Announcement). This work was also supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41006108), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics (Grant No. SOED0909), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2009B02514), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. IAP09316) and the Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 62 IS 2 BP 350 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.10.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 733WY UT WOS:000288296400027 PM 21067783 ER PT J AU Attota, R Silver, R AF Attota, Ravikiran Silver, Richard TI Nanometrology using a through-focus scanning optical microscopy method SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TSOM; through-focus; optical microscope; nanometrology; process control; nanomanufacturing; nanoparticles; overlay metrology; critical dimension; defect analysis; dimensional analysis; MEMS; NEMS AB We present an initial review of a novel through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM pronounced as 'tee-som') imaging method that produces nanometer-dimensional measurement sensitivity using a conventional bright-field optical microscope. In the TSOM method a target is scanned through the focus of an optical microscope, acquiring conventional optical images at different focal positions. The TSOM images are constructed using the through-focus optical images. A TSOM image is unique under given experimental conditions and is sensitive to changes in the dimensions of a target in a distinct way. We use this characteristic for nanoscale-dimensional metrology. This technique can be used to identify the dimension which is changing between two nanosized targets and to determine the dimensions using a library-matching method. This methodology has potential utility for a wide range of target geometries and application areas, including nanometrology, nanomanufacturing, defect analysis, inspection, process control and biotechnology. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Silver, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics; NIST FX The NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs is gratefully acknowledged for financial support as well as the NIST Scatterfield Competence project. The authors thank Sematech for wafer fabrication and measurement support, and James Potzick, Thomas Germer, John Kramar, Michael Stocker, Bryan Barnes, Yeung Joon Sohn and Richard Quintanilha for their direct or indirect assistance. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024002 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200003 ER PT J AU Kramar, JA Dixson, R Orji, NG AF Kramar, John A. Dixson, Ronald Orji, Ndubuisi G. TI Scanning probe microscope dimensional metrology at NIST SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPM; AFM; CD-AFM; traceable dimensional metrology; nanometrology; linewidth; pitch; step height; uncertainty budget ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; MOLECULAR MEASURING MACHINE; ACTIVE VIBRATION ISOLATION; CD-AFM; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENTS; TRACEABLE CALIBRATION; NANOMETER UNCERTAINTY; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; PITCH MEASUREMENTS; ACCURATE AB Scanning probe microscope (SPM) dimensional metrology efforts at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are reviewed in this paper. The main SPM instruments for realizing the International System of Units (SI) are the Molecular Measuring Machine, the calibrated atomic force microscope and the critical dimension atomic force microscope. These are optimized for long-distance measurements, three-dimensional measurements over conventional SPM distances and critical dimension or linewidth measurements, respectively. 10 mm distances have been measured with the relative standard uncertainty, u(c), of 1.5 x 10(-5); step heights at the 100 nm scale have been measured with the relative u(c) of 2.5 x 10(-3) and sub-micrometer linewidths have been measured with u(c) = 0.8 nm. C1 [Kramar, John A.; Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramar, JA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kramar@nist.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 024001 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/024001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200002 ER PT J AU Tanaka, M Baba, T Postek, MT AF Tanaka, Mitsuru Baba, Tetsuya Postek, Michael T. TI Nanometrology SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tanaka, Mitsuru; Baba, Tetsuya] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Postek, Michael T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tanaka, M (reprint author), AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RI Baba, Tetsuya/F-1506-2011 OI Baba, Tetsuya/0000-0001-5820-3757 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 22 IS 2 AR 020101 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/2/020101 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 707TO UT WOS:000286311200001 ER PT J AU DeWerd, LA Ibbott, GS Meigooni, AS Mitch, MG Rivard, MJ Stump, KE Thomadsen, BR Venselaar, JLM AF DeWerd, Larry A. Ibbott, Geoffrey S. Meigooni, Ali S. Mitch, Michael G. Rivard, Mark J. Stump, Kurt E. Thomadsen, Bruce R. Venselaar, Jack L. M. TI A dosimetric uncertainty analysis for photon-emitting brachytherapy sources: Report of AAPM Task Group No. 138 and GEC-ESTRO SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE brachytherapy; dosimetry; uncertainty; standards ID RADIOCHROMIC FILM DOSIMETRY; AIR-KERMA RATE; ABANDON GEOMETRY FACTORS; IN-VIVO DOSIMETRY; LOW-ENERGY; HDR BRACHYTHERAPY; THERMOLUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRY; STRENGTH STANDARDS; PROSTATE IMPLANTS; MOSFET DETECTORS AB This report addresses uncertainties pertaining to brachytherapy single-source dosimetry preceding clinical use. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Note 1297 are taken as reference standards for uncertainty formalism. Uncertainties in using detectors to measure or utilizing Monte Carlo methods to estimate brachytherapy dose distributions are provided with discussion of the components intrinsic to the overall dosimetric assessment. Uncertainties provided are based on published observations and cited when available. The uncertainty propagation from the primary calibration standard through transfer to the clinic for air-kerma strength is covered first. Uncertainties in each of the brachytherapy dosimetry parameters of the TG-43 formalism are then explored, ending with transfer to the clinic and recommended approaches. Dosimetric uncertainties during treatment delivery are considered briefly but are not included in the detailed analysis. For low-and high-energy brachytherapy sources of low dose rate and high dose rate, a combined dosimetric uncertainty <5% (k=1) is estimated, which is consistent with prior literature estimates. Recommendations are provided for clinical medical physicists, dosimetry investigators, and source and treatment planning system manufacturers. These recommendations include the use of the GUM and NIST reports, a requirement of constancy of manufacturer source design, dosimetry investigator guidelines, provision of the lowest uncertainty for patient treatment dosimetry, and the establishment of an action level based on dosimetric uncertainty. These recommendations reflect the guidance of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) for their members and may also be used as guidance to manufacturers and regulatory agencies in developing good manufacturing practices for sources used in routine clinical treatments. (C) 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3533720] C1 [DeWerd, Larry A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [DeWerd, Larry A.] Univ Wisconsin, Accredited Dosimetry Calibrat Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ibbott, Geoffrey S.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Meigooni, Ali S.] Comprehens Canc Ctr Nevada, Dept Radiat Oncol, Las Vegas, NV 89169 USA. [Mitch, Michael G.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rivard, Mark J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Stump, Kurt E.] Santa Maria Radiat Oncol Ctr, Santa Maria, CA 93454 USA. [Thomadsen, Bruce R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Thomadsen, Bruce R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Human Oncol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Venselaar, Jack L. M.] Inst Verbeeten, Dept Med Phys & Engn, NL-5042 SB Tilburg, Netherlands. RP DeWerd, LA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, 1530 Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mrivard@tuftsmedicalcenter.org RI Grams, Michael/G-5197-2011 NR 84 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 782 EP 801 DI 10.1118/1.3533720 PG 20 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 716DI UT WOS:000286945000026 PM 21452716 ER PT J AU Armato, SG McLennan, G Bidaut, L McNitt-Gray, MF Meyer, CR Reeves, AP Zhao, BS Aberle, DR Henschke, CI Hoffman, EA Kazerooni, EA MacMahon, H van Beek, EJR Yankelevitz, D Biancardi, AM Bland, PH Brown, MS Engelmann, RM Laderach, GE Max, D Pais, RC Qing, DPY Roberts, RY Smith, AR Starkey, A Batra, P Caligiuri, P Farooqi, A Gladish, GW Jude, CM Munden, RF Petkovska, I Quint, LE Schwartz, LH Sundaram, B Dodd, LE Fenimore, C Gur, D Petrick, N Freymann, J Kirby, J Hughes, B Casteele, AV Gupte, S Sallam, M Heath, MD Kuhn, MH Dharaiya, E Burns, R Fryd, DS Salganicoff, M Anand, V Shreter, U Vastagh, S Croft, BY Clarke, LP AF Armato, Samuel G., III McLennan, Geoffrey Bidaut, Luc McNitt-Gray, Michael F. Meyer, Charles R. Reeves, Anthony P. Zhao, Binsheng Aberle, Denise R. Henschke, Claudia I. Hoffman, Eric A. Kazerooni, Ella A. MacMahon, Heber van Beek, Edwin J. R. Yankelevitz, David Biancardi, Alberto M. Bland, Peyton H. Brown, Matthew S. Engelmann, Roger M. Laderach, Gary E. Max, Daniel Pais, Richard C. Qing, David P-Y Roberts, Rachael Y. Smith, Amanda R. Starkey, Adam Batra, Poonam Caligiuri, Philip Farooqi, Ali Gladish, Gregory W. Jude, C. Matilda Munden, Reginald F. Petkovska, Iva Quint, Leslie E. Schwartz, Lawrence H. Sundaram, Baskaran Dodd, Lori E. Fenimore, Charles Gur, David Petrick, Nicholas Freymann, John Kirby, Justin Hughes, Brian Casteele, Alessi Vande Gupte, Sangeeta Sallam, Maha Heath, Michael D. Kuhn, Michael H. Dharaiya, Ekta Burns, Richard Fryd, David S. Salganicoff, Marcos Anand, Vikram Shreter, Uri Vastagh, Stephen Croft, Barbara Y. Clarke, Laurence P. TI The Lung Image Database Consortium, (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI): A Completed Reference Database of Lung Nodules on CT Scans SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lung nodule; computed tomography (CT); thoracic imaging; interobserver variability; computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY SCANS; PULMONARY NODULES; SCREENING TRIAL; AIDED DETECTION; CANCER; TRUTH; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; NELSON; CAD AB Purpose: The development of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) methods for lung nodule detection, classification, and quantitative assessment can be facilitated through a well-characterized repository of computed tomography (CT) scans. The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI) completed such a database, establishing a publicly available reference for the medical imaging research community. Initiated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), further advanced by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), and accompanied by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through active participation, this public-private partnership demonstrates the success of a consortium founded on a consensus-based process. Methods: Seven academic centers and eight medical imaging companies collaborated to identify, address, and resolve challenging organizational, technical, and clinical issues to provide a solid foundation for a robust database. The LIDC/IDRI Database contains 1018 cases, each of which includes images from a clinical thoracic CT scan and an associated XML file that records the results of a two-phase image annotation process performed by four experienced thoracic radiologists. In the initial blinded-read phase, each radiologist independently reviewed each CT scan and marked lesions belonging to one of three categories ("nodule >= 3 mm," "nodule < 3 mm," and "non-nodule >= 3 mm"). In the subsequent unblinded-read phase, each radiologist independently reviewed their own marks along with the anonymized marks of the three other radiologists to render a final opinion. The goal of this process was to identify as completely as possible all lung nodules in each CT scan without requiring forced consensus. Results: The Database contains 7371 lesions marked "nodule" by at least one radiologist. 2669 of these lesions were marked "nodule >= 3 mm" by at least one radiologist, of which 928 (34.7%) received such marks from all four radiologists. These 2669 lesions include nodule outlines and subjective nodule characteristic ratings. Conclusions: The LIDC/IDRI Database is expected to provide an essential medical imaging research resource to spur CAD development, validation, and dissemination in clinical practice. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3528204] C1 [Armato, Samuel G., III; MacMahon, Heber; Engelmann, Roger M.; Roberts, Rachael Y.; Caligiuri, Philip] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [McLennan, Geoffrey] Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [McNitt-Gray, Michael F.; Aberle, Denise R.; Brown, Matthew S.; Pais, Richard C.; Qing, David P-Y; Batra, Poonam; Jude, C. Matilda; Petkovska, Iva] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Radiol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Meyer, Charles R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reeves, Anthony P.; Biancardi, Alberto M.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhao, Binsheng] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med Phys, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Henschke, Claudia I.; Yankelevitz, David; Max, Daniel; Farooqi, Ali] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Hoffman, Eric A.; van Beek, Edwin J. R.; Smith, Amanda R.] Univ Iowa, Carver Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kazerooni, Ella A.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, Cardiovasc Ctr 5482, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bland, Peyton H.; Laderach, Gary E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, BSRB A502, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gladish, Gregory W.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Munden, Reginald F.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging, Unit 1478, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Schwartz, Lawrence H.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Sundaram, Baskaran] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Radiol, CVC 5481, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fenimore, Charles] NIST, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gur, David] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Radiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Petrick, Nicholas] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Freymann, John; Kirby, Justin] SAIC Frederick Inc, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hughes, Brian] TerpSys, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Casteele, Alessi Vande] Agfa HealthCare NV, B-2640 Mortsel, Belgium. [Gupte, Sangeeta] FUJIFILM Med Syst USA Inc, Stamford, CT 06902 USA. [Sallam, Maha] iCAD Inc, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. [Heath, Michael D.] Carestream Hlth Inc, Rochester, NY 14615 USA. [Kuhn, Michael H.] Philips Med Syst DMC GmbH, D-22315 Hamburg, Germany. [Dharaiya, Ekta] Philips Healthcare, Highland Hts, OH 44143 USA. [Burns, Richard; Fryd, David S.] Riverain Med, Miamisburg, OH 45342 USA. [Salganicoff, Marcos; Anand, Vikram] Siemens Med Solut USA Inc, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. [Shreter, Uri] GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI 53188 USA. [Vastagh, Stephen] Med Imaging & Technol Alliance, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Croft, Barbara Y.; Clarke, Laurence P.] NCI, Canc Imaging Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Henschke, Claudia I.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Radiol, New York, NY USA. RP Armato, SG (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM s-armato@uchicago.edu RI Croft, Barbara/D-1248-2013; OI Croft, Barbara/0000-0003-2544-150X; Bidaut, Luc/0000-0001-8253-2606; Munden, Reginald/0000-0003-3836-5067; Aberle, Denise/0000-0002-8858-3401 FU USPHS [U01CA091085, U01CA091090, U01CA091099, U01CA091100, U01CA091103]; NCI [HHSN261200800001E]; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; University of Chicago; American Legacy Foundation; Flight Attendants' Medical Research Institute; AstraZeneca, Inc.; GlaxoSmithKline and Carestream Health Inc. FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Geoffrey McLennan, M. D., Ph.D., who served as the Chair of the LIDC/IDRI Steering Committee since the inception of the project. Dr. McLennan provided the constant source of motivation, perspective, and determination that moved this database from an idea to reality. His extraordinary scientific and clinical vision, combined with his unfettered perseverance and uncompromising optimism, will be greatly missed by all his co-authors, colleagues, and friends. The authors would like express their sincere appreciation to the late Robert F. Wagner, Ph.D., whose enlightened perspective on medical image analysis performance studies provided the foundation for the statistical considerations on which the LIDC/IDRI Database was founded. Supported in part by USPHS Grant Nos. U01CA091085, U01CA091090, U01CA091099, U01CA091100, and U01CA091103 and by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Funding was obtained through the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health from contributions provided by the medical imaging companies that participated in the IDRI. Disclosure statement: S. G. A. and H. M. receive royalties and licensing fees through the University of Chicago related to computer-aided diagnosis. H. M. is a consultant to Riverain, a company that produces software for lung nodule detection. A. P. R. is a paid consultant of and holds stock in VisionGate, Inc. A. P. R. is a coinventor on a patent and other pending patents owned by Cornell Research Foundation which are non-exclusively licensed to General Electric and are related to technology involving computer-aided diagnostic methods, including measurement of nodules. A. P. R. receives research support in the form of grants and contracts from: NCI, American Legacy Foundation, Flight Attendants' Medical Research Institute, AstraZeneca, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline and Carestream Health Inc. D.Y. is a named inventor on a number of patents and patent applications relating to the evaluation of diseases of the chest including measurement of nodules. Some of these, which are owned by Cornell Research Foundation (CRF) are nonexclusively licensed to General Electric. As an inventor of these patents, D.Y. is entitled to a share of any compensation which CRF may receive from its commercialization of these patents. NR 45 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 38 IS 2 BP 915 EP 931 DI 10.1118/1.3528204 PG 17 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 716DI UT WOS:000286945000038 PM 21452728 ER PT J AU Cui, XP Li, XF AF Cui, Xiaopeng Li, Xiaofan TI A cloud-resolving modeling study of short-term surface rainfall processes SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; CUMULUS ENSEMBLE MODEL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; TROPICAL CONVECTION; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; TOGA COARE; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE AB The short-term tropical surface rainfall processes in rainfall regions (raining stratiform and convective regions) and rainfall-free regions (non-raining stratiform and clear-sky regions) are investigated based on the hourly data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is integrated over a 21-day period with imposed zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapor advection, and sea surface temperature from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The analysis of the model domain-mean surface rainfall budget reveals that surface rainfall is mainly associated with water vapor convergence and local atmospheric drying. The mean surface rainfall lags the mean water vapor convergence by 3 h. The convective-stratiform rainfall separation analysis shows that convective rainfall is associated with water vapor convergence, whereas stratiform rainfall is related to the local atmospheric drying and hydrometeor loss/convergence. The transport of water vapor from rainfall-free regions to rainfall regions creates the main water vapor source for rainfall while it balances local atmospheric drying in rainfall-free regions. Surface evaporation plays a minor role in short-term surface rainfall processes. C1 [Cui, Xiaopeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Cui, XP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2009CB421505]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775036, 40921160379] FX The authors thank Prof. M. Zhang at the State University of New York at Stony Brook for allowing us to use his TOGA COARE forcing data, and four anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant 2009CB421505, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40775036 and 40921160379. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 111 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/s00703-010-0121-9 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 711PK UT WOS:000286603700001 ER PT J AU Foote, AD Vilstrup, JT de Stephanis, R Verborgh, P Nielsen, SCA Deaville, R Kleivane, L Martin, V Miller, PJO Oien, N Perez-Gil, M Rasmussen, M Reid, RJ Robertson, KM Rogan, E Simila, T Tejedor, ML Vester, H Vikingsson, GA Willerslev, E Gilbert, MTP Piertney, SB AF Foote, Andrew D. Vilstrup, Julia T. de Stephanis, Renaud Verborgh, Philippe Nielsen, Sandra C. Abel Deaville, Robert Kleivane, Lars Martin, Vidal Miller, Patrick J. O. Oien, Nils Perez-Gil, Monica Rasmussen, Morten Reid, Robert J. Robertson, Kelly M. Rogan, Emer Similae, Tiu Tejedor, Maria L. Vester, Heike Vikingsson, Gisli A. Willerslev, Eske Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Piertney, Stuart B. TI Genetic differentiation among North Atlantic killer whale populations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE behaviour; social evolution; ecological genetics; population ecology; population genetics-empirical; predator-prey interactions ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; ORCINUS-ORCA; BLUEFIN TUNA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CETACEAN POPULATIONS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Population genetic structure of North Atlantic killer whale samples was resolved from differences in allele frequencies of 17 microsatellite loci, mtDNA control region haplotype frequencies and for a subset of samples, using complete mitogenome sequences. Three significantly differentiated populations were identified. Differentiation based on microsatellite allele frequencies was greater between the two allopatric populations than between the two pairs of partially sympatric populations. Spatial clustering of individuals within each of these populations overlaps with the distribution of particular prey resources: herring, mackerel and tuna, which each population has been seen predating. Phylogenetic analyses using complete mitogenomes suggested two populations could have resulted from single founding events and subsequent matrilineal expansion. The third population, which was sampled at lower latitudes and lower density, consisted of maternal lineages from three highly divergent clades. Pairwise population differentiation was greater for estimates based on mtDNA control region haplotype frequencies than for estimates based on microsatellite allele frequencies, and there were no mitogenome haplotypes shared among populations. This suggests low or no female migration and that gene flow was primarily male mediated when populations spatially and temporally overlap. These results demonstrate that genetic differentiation can arise through resource specialization in the absence of physical barriers to gene flow. C1 [Foote, Andrew D.; Piertney, Stuart B.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Foote, Andrew D.; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Nielsen, Sandra C. Abel; Rasmussen, Morten; Willerslev, Eske; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [de Stephanis, Renaud; Verborgh, Philippe] CIRCE, Conservat Informat & Res Cetaceans, Cadiz 11390, Spain. [de Stephanis, Renaud] CSIC, Dept Biol Conservac, Estn Biol Donana, Seville 41092, Spain. [Deaville, Robert] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Martin, Vidal; Perez-Gil, Monica; Tejedor, Maria L.] SECAC, Soc Study Cetaceans Canary Archipelago, Yaiza 35571, Lanzarote, Spain. [Kleivane, Lars] LKARTS Norway, N-3188 Horten, Norway. [Miller, Patrick J. O.] Gatty Marine Lab, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Oien, Nils] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Reid, Robert J.] SAC Vet Serv, Wildlife Unit, Inverness IV2 4JZ, Scotland. [Robertson, Kelly M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Similae, Tiu] Wild Idea, N-8465 Straumsjoen, Norway. [Rogan, Emer] Univ Coll, Dept Zool Ecol & Plant Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Vester, Heike] German Primate Ctr, Cognit Ethol Lab, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Vester, Heike] Max Planck Inst Dynam & Self Org, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Vikingsson, Gisli A.] Marine Res Inst, Program Whale Res, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Foote, AD (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Sch Biol Sci, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. EM footead@gmail.com RI CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011; Piertney, Stuart/I-3144-2012; Gilbert, Marcus/A-8936-2013; OI CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602; Gilbert, Marcus/0000-0002-5805-7195; Verborgh, Philippe/0000-0001-8441-8006; Piertney, Stuart/0000-0001-6654-0569 FU Carnegie Trust; Marie Curie Actions 'GENETIME' grant; Danish National Science Foundation; Marine Scotland (Scottish Government); Scottish Natural Heritage; Aberdeen University FX We thank members of the Piertney laboratory group, University of Aberdeen, and in particular Jane DeGabriel, Freda Marshall and Gill Murray-Dickson and laboratory mates at the Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, and in particular, Rasmus Heller and Sylvia Mathiasen, for assistance in the laboratory and with data analysis. Valentina Islas, Kim Parsons, Phil Morin, Rick LeDuc, Per Palsboll, Chris Pampoulie, Ruth Esteban, John Durban, Bob Pitman, the editor William Amos and three anonymous reviewers provided useful discussions and comments. We additionally thank Peter Kvadsheim of the FFI, Patrick Miller and Filipa Samarra of SMRU, Ari Shapiro of WHOI and George William Anderson and the crew of the FV Adenia who provided support and platforms for sampling. Harriet Bolt, Odd Petter Hovde, Sanna Kuningas, Sinead Murphy, Filipa Samarra and Hans Wolkers provided additional logistical support during the collection of samples used in this study. All samples were taken under the relevant permits, Vincent Janik generously incorporated this project into his research permit and John Durban and Simon Ingram provided valuable training in biopsy sampling. Funding was provided by Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, the Marie Curie Actions 'GENETIME' grant fund, the Danish National Science Foundation 'Skou' award program, the Marine Scotland (Scottish Government), Scottish Natural Heritage and an Aberdeen University 6th Century Scholarship to ADF. NR 95 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 9 U2 118 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 20 IS 3 BP 629 EP 641 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04957.x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 706YW UT WOS:000286254700015 PM 21241391 ER PT J AU Jones, C Gottschalck, J Carvalho, LMV Higgins, W AF Jones, Charles Gottschalck, Jon Carvalho, Leila M. V. Higgins, Wayne TI Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on Forecasts of Extreme Precipitation in the Contiguous United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; EXTENDED RANGE FORECASTS; ENSEMBLE FORECAST; WEATHER FORECASTS; SOUTH-AMERICA; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; RAINFALL; PREDICTABILITY AB Extreme precipitation events are among the most devastating weather phenomena since they are frequently accompanied by loss of life and property. This study uses reforecasts of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS.v1) to evaluate the skill of nonprobabilistic and probabilistic forecasts of extreme precipitation in the contiguous United States (CONUS) during boreal winter for lead times up to two weeks. The CFS model realistically simulates the spatial patterns of extreme precipitation events over the CONUS, although the magnitudes of the extremes in the model are much larger than in the observations. Heidke skill scores (HSS) for forecasts of extreme precipitation at the 75th and 90th percentiles showed that the CFS model has good skill at week 1 and modest skill at week 2. Forecast skill is usually higher when the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is active and has enhanced convection occurring over the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and/or the western Indian Ocean than in quiescent periods. HSS greater than 0.1 extends to lead times of up to two weeks in these situations. Approximately 10%-30% of the CONUS has HSS greater than 0.1 at lead times of 1-14 days when the MJO is active. Probabilistic forecasts for extreme precipitation events at the 75th percentile show improvements over climatology of 0%-40% at 1-day lead and 0%-5% at 7-day leads. The CFS has better skill in forecasting severe extremes (i.e., events exceeding the 90th percentile) at longer leads than moderate extremes (75th percentile). Improvements over climatology between 10% and 30% at leads of 3 days are observed over several areas across the CONUS-especially in California and in the Midwest. C1 [Jones, Charles] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Gottschalck, Jon; Higgins, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjones@eri.ucsb.edu RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012 OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Climate Test Bed program [NA08OAR4310698] FX The authors thank the support of NOAA's Climate Program Office and specifically the Climate Test Bed program that supported this work under Grant NA08OAR4310698. NCEP-NCAR reanalysis and OLR data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov. Comments from two anonymous reviewers and Matthew Wheeler (Editor) are greatly appreciated. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 332 EP 350 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3512.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739PE UT WOS:000288729300002 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS Fiorino, M Benjamin, SG AF Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Fiorino, Michael Benjamin, Stanley G. TI Global Ensemble Predictions of 2009's Tropical Cyclones Initialized with an Ensemble Kalman Filter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SINGULAR VECTORS; PART I; HURRICANE INTENSITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; REAL OBSERVATIONS; FORECAST SYSTEM; CLOUD ENSEMBLE AB Verification was performed on ensemble forecasts of 2009 Northern Hemisphere summer tropical cyclones (TCs) from two experimental global numerical weather prediction ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The first model was a high-resolution version (T382L64) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS). The second model was a 30-km version of the experimental NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory's Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM). Both models were initialized with the first 20 members of a 60-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) using the T382L64 GFS. The GFS-EnKF assimilated the full observational data stream that was normally assimilated into the NCEP operational Global Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation, plus human-synthesized "observations" of tropical cyclone central pressure and position produced at the National Hurricane Center and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The forecasts from the two experimental ensembles were compared against four operational EPSs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NCEP, the Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC), and the Met Office (UKMO). The errors of GFS-EnKF ensemble track forecasts were competitive with those from the ECMWF ensemble system, and the overall spread of the ensemble tracks was consistent in magnitude with the track error. Both experimental EPSs had much lower errors than the operational NCEP, UKMO, and CMC EPSs, but the FIM-EnKF tracks were somewhat less accurate than the GFS-EnKF. The ensemble forecasts were often stretched in particular directions, and not necessarily along or across track. The better-performing EPSs provided useful information on potential track error anisotropy. While the GFS-EnKF initialized relatively deep vortices by assimilating the TC central pressure estimate, the model storms filled during the subsequent 24 h. Other forecast models also systematically underestimated TC intensity (e.g., maximum forecast surface wind speed). The higher-resolution models generally had less bias. Analyses were conducted to try to understand whether the additional central pressure observation, the EnKF, or the extra resolution was most responsible for the decrease in track error of the experimental Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS)-EnKF over the operational NCEP. The assimilation of the additional TC observations produced only a small change in deterministic track forecasts initialized with the GSI. The T382L64 GFS-EnKF ensemble was used to initialize a T126L28 ensemble forecast to facilitate a comparison with the operational NCEP system. The T126L28 GFS-EnKF EPS track forecasts were dramatically better than the NCEP operational, suggesting the positive impact of the EnKF, perhaps through improved steering flow. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fiorino, Michael; Benjamin, Stanley G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 FU NOAA; National Science Foundation FX Support for this research was provided through the NOAA HFIP program. Prior development of the EnKF algorithm was supported by the NOAA THORPEX program. Most of the computations of the experimental EnKF and ensemble forecasts were conducted thanks to a computational grant from the National Science Foundation to use the Texas Advanced Computing Center. We thank Bob Gall and Fred Toepfer of NOAA for helping to obtain those cycles. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their substantive constructive criticism. NR 89 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 139 IS 2 BP 668 EP 688 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3456.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 739PE UT WOS:000288729300022 ER PT J AU Bernal, RA Agrawal, R Peng, B Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Davydov, AV Espinosa, HD AF Bernal, Rodrigo A. Agrawal, Ravi Peng, Bei Bertness, Kristine A. Sanford, Norman A. Davydov, Albert V. Espinosa, Horacio D. TI Effect of Growth Orientation and Diameter on the Elasticity of GaN Nanowires. A Combined in Situ TEM and Atomistic Modeling Investigation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride nanowires; nanowire elastic modulus; in situ testing; first-principles calculations; molecular dynamics; size effect; surface reconstruction ID MATERIAL-TESTING-SYSTEM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NANOGENERATORS; SIMULATION; MICROSCOPY; DEFECTS; DESIGN; ARRAYS AB We characterized the elastic properties of GaN nanowires grown along different crystallographic orientations. In situ transmission electron microscopy tensile tests were conducted using a MEMS-based nanoscale testing system. Complementary atomistic simulations were performed using density functional theory and molecular dynamics. Our work establishes that elasticity size dependence is limited to nanowires with diameters smaller than 20 nm. For larger diameters, the elastic modulus converges to the bulk values of 300 GPa for c-axis and 267 GPa for a- and m-axis. C1 [Bernal, Rodrigo A.; Agrawal, Ravi; Peng, Bei; Espinosa, Horacio D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bertness, Kristine A.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Espinosa, HD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM espinosa@northwestern.edu RI Bernal, Rodrigo/C-5585-2011; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Espinosa, Horatio/B-6693-2009; OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Bernal, Rodrigo/0000-0001-7517-7781 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0907196, CMMI-0555734, EEC-0647560] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Awards Number DMR-0907196, CMMI-0555734, and EEC-0647560. We thank Dr. Abhishek Motayed from University of Maryland for providing a-axis GaN nanowires for mechanical testing. We thank I. Petrov and E. Olson for their contribution in the development of the in situ TEM holder. We thank Dr. Shuyou Li and Dr. Tobin Filleter for assistance during TEM testing. We also acknowledge Dr. Michael Baskes from Los Alamos National Laboratories and Dr. S. G. Srivilliputhur from University of North Texas for insightful discussions concerning the atomistic models. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 81 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1021/nl103450e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 717LZ UT WOS:000287049100041 PM 21171602 ER PT J AU Bromaghin, JF Nielson, RM Hard, JJ AF Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. Nielson, Ryan M. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI A MODEL OF CHINOOK SALMON POPULATION DYNAMICS INCORPORATING SIZE-SELECTIVE EXPLOITATION AND INHERITANCE OF POLYGENIC CORRELATED TRAITS SO NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING LA English DT Article DE Fishery-induced evolution; fishery-induced adaptation; selective fisheries; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; fishery management; fishery conservation; individual-based model; age-structured model; Yukon River ID FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; EVOLVING FISH STOCKS; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; MARINE FISHERIES; TIME SCALES; MATE CHOICE; AGE AB P>Concern regarding the potential for selective fisheries to degrade desirable characteristics of exploited fish populations is growing worldwide. Although the occurrence of fishery-induced evolution in a wild population has not been irrefutably documented, considerable theoretical and empirical evidence for that possibility exists. Environmental conditions influence survival and growth in many species and may mask comparatively subtle trends induced by selective exploitation, especially given the evolutionarily short time series of data available from many fisheries. Modeling may be the most efficient investigative tool under such conditions. Motivated by public concern that large-mesh gillnet fisheries may be altering Chinook salmon in western Alaska, we constructed a stochastic model of the population dynamics of Chinook salmon. The model contained several individually based components and incorporated size-selective exploitation, assortative mating, size-dependent female fecundity, density-dependent survival, and the heritability of size and age. Substantial reductions in mean size and age were observed under all scenarios. Concurrently reducing directional selection and increasing spawning abundance was most effective in stimulating population recovery. Use of this model has potential to improve our ability to investigate the consequences of selective exploitation and aid development of improved management strategies to more effectively sustain fish and fisheries into the future. C1 [Bromaghin, Jeffrey F.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fisheries & Ecol Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Nielson, Ryan M.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bromaghin, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbromaghin@usgs.gov; rnielson@west-inc.com; jeff.hard@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA16FP2993] FX We thank Danielle Evenson and Toshihide Hamazaki (Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Division, Anchorage Alaska) for providing data on Yukon River Chinook salmon. David Patterson and Michael Bradford (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Cooperative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia) provided assistance via discussions of the reproductive behavior and survival of salmon. We thank Lyman McDonald (West Inc., Laramie, Wyoming) for helpful comments and review of the proposed models during model development. David Hankin (Department of Fisheries Biology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California) and Brian Riddell (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia) provided insightful technical reviews of a draft agency report that were extremely helpful in improving the contents and presentation of the manuscript. This work was partially funded under award NA16FP2993 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, as authorized by the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative (www.aykssi.org). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Department of Commerce, the Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative, or the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Karen Gillis (Arctic Yukon Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative and Bering Sea Fishermen's Association, Anchorage, Alaska) provided invaluable administrative support throughout the duration of this investigation. The editor and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0890-8575 EI 1939-7445 J9 NAT RESOUR MODEL JI Nat. Resour. Model. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00077.x PG 47 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 714WJ UT WOS:000286839400001 ER PT J AU Massillon-Jl, G Minniti, R Mitch, MG Soares, CG Hearn, RA AF Massillon-Jl, G. Minniti, R. Mitch, M. G. Soares, C. G. Hearn, R. A. TI High-resolution 3D dose distribution measured for two low-energy x-ray brachytherapy seeds: I-125 and Pd-103 SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article DE BANG gel dosimetry; Optical-CT-scanner; High-spatial-resolution; Pd-103; I-125; Spectrometry; 3D dosimetry; Energy dependence ID POLYMER GEL DOSIMETRY; MONTE-CARLO; INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY; TRANSVERSE-AXIS; MODEL 200; PARAMETERS; IR-192; EGSNRC; YB-169; WATER AB In this work, we have investigated the 3D absorbed dose distribution around I-125 and Pd-103 low-energy photon brachytherapy seeds using a high-spatial-resolution gel scanning system to address the current difficulty in measuring absorbed dose at close distances to these sources as a consequence of high dose rate gradient. A new version of BANG-gel coupled with a small format laser CT scanner has been used. Measurements were performed with 100 mu m resolution in all dimensions. In particular, radial dose function and absorbed dose rate in the plane parallel to the sources longitudinal-axis were derived at radial distances smaller than or equal to 1 cm. In addition, the energy dependence was evaluated, finding that, within measurement uncertainties, the gel response is independent of the energy for energy photon values between 20 key and 1250 key. We have observed that at distances larger than 1.4 mm from the source, the delivered dose is similar to predictions from published Monte Carlo calculations (MC) for the I-125 seed. For distances between 1 mm and 3 mm, differences in magnitude and shape are significant for the Pd-103 seed, where an enhancement is observed. In the enhancement region, a difference of up to 70% in the radial dose function was obtained. Such observation suggests a contribution from other radionuclides emitting beta-particles or electrons, and not considered by MC. To understand the effect, spectrometry measurements were performed. A small contribution of Rh-102/Rh-102m radionuclide relative to Pd-103 was observed and its importance on the absorbed dose measured at close distances to the seed is time dependent and consequently, avoids reproducible measurements. Finally, the results obtained in this work underscore the importance of using high-spatial-resolution and water-equivalent detectors for measuring absorbed dose in low-energy photon radiation fields. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Massillon-Jl, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. [Minniti, R.; Mitch, M. G.; Soares, C. G.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hearn, R. A.] Theragenics Corp, Buford, GA 30518 USA. RP Massillon-Jl, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, AP 20-364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. EM massillon@fisica.unam.mx RI Massillon-JL, Guerda/E-9052-2013 FU DGAPA-UNAM [IN102610] FX We gratefully acknowledge Leticia Pibida for the spectrometry measurements and Jay Fan for providing the 125I brachytherapy seed. We also thank Prof. Brandan for reviewing the manuscript. This work was partially supported by DGAPA-UNAM grant IN102610. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD FEB PY 2011 VL 46 IS 2 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.11.002 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 725DS UT WOS:000287626000012 ER PT J AU Rakher, MT Bose, R Wong, CW Srinivasan, K AF Rakher, Matthew T. Bose, Ranojoy Wong, Chee Wei Srinivasan, Kartik TI Fiber-based cryogenic and time-resolved spectroscopy of PbS quantum dots SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-FIBER; NANOCRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; CAVITIES; PHOTONS AB PbS quantum dots are promising active emitters for use with high-quality Si nanophotonic devices in the telecommunications-band. Measurements of low quantum dot densities are limited both because of low fluorescence levels and the challenges of single photon detection at these wavelengths. Here, we report on methods using a fiber taper waveguide to efficiently extract PbS quantum dot photoluminescence. Temperature dependent ensemble measurements reveal an increase in emitted photons concomitant with an increase in excited-state lifetime from 58.9 ns at 293 K to 657 ns at 40 K. Measurements are also performed on quantum dots on high-Q (> 10(5)) microdisks using cavity-resonant, pulsed excitation. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bose, Ranojoy; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn Solid State Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Rakher, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.rakher@gmail.com RI Rakher, Matthew/C-2287-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017; OI Rakher, Matthew/0000-0002-4490-4197; Bose, Ranojoy/0000-0002-2908-4426 FU NSF [ECCS 0747787]; Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative [CHE-0641523]; New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Innovation FX The authors acknowledge fabrication support from D. L. Kwong and M. Yu at the Institute of Microelectronics in Singapore, funding support from NSF ECCS 0747787, the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative under NSF Award Number CHE-0641523, and the New York State Office of Science, Technology, and Innovation. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1786 EP 1793 DI 10.1364/OE.19.001786 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 714JY UT WOS:000286807100013 PM 21368993 ER PT J AU Kim, H Sridharan, D Shen, TC Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Kim, Hyochul Sridharan, Deepak Shen, Thomas C. Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo TI Strong coupling between two quantum dots and a photonic crystal cavity using magnetic field tuning SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; NANOCAVITY AB We demonstrate strong coupling between two indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs) and a photonic crystal cavity by using a magnetic field as a frequency tuning method. The magnetic field causes a red shift of an exciton spin state in one QD and a blue shift in the opposite exciton spin state of the second QD, enabling them to be simultaneously tuned to the same cavity resonance. This method can match the emission frequency of two QDs separated by detunings as large as 1.35 meV using a magnetic field of up to 7 T. By controlling the detuning between the two QDs we measure the vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) both when the QDs are individually coupled to the cavity, as well as when they are coupled to the cavity simultaneously. In the latter case the oscillator strength of two QDs shows a collective behavior, resulting in enhancement of the VRS as compared to the individual cases. Experimental results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the solution to the full master equation and found to be in excellent agreement. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Hyochul; Sridharan, Deepak; Shen, Thomas C.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Hyochul; Sridharan, Deepak; Shen, Thomas C.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu FU ARO MURI [W911NF09104]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute; ONR Applied Electromagnetics center; NSF [ECCS. 0846494] FX The authors would like to acknowledge support from the ARO MURI on Hybrid quantum interactions (grant number W911NF09104), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, and the ONR Applied Electromagnetics center. E. Waks would like to acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER award (grant number ECCS. 0846494). NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2589 EP 2598 DI 10.1364/OE.19.002589 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 714JY UT WOS:000286807100099 PM 21369079 ER PT J AU Gericke, MT Alarcon, R Balascuta, S Barron-Palos, L Blessinger, C Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chen, W Chupp, TE Crawford, C Covrig, S Dabaghyan, M Fomin, N Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, M Lozowski, WR Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mei, J Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Salas-Bacci, A Santra, S Sharma, M Seo, PN Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V AF Gericke, M. T. Alarcon, R. Balascuta, S. Barron-Palos, L. Blessinger, C. Bowman, J. D. Carlini, R. D. Chen, W. Chupp, T. E. Crawford, C. Covrig, S. Dabaghyan, M. Fomin, N. Freedman, S. J. Gentile, T. R. Gillis, R. C. Greene, G. L. Hersman, F. W. Ino, T. Jones, G. L. Lauss, B. Leuschner, M. Lozowski, W. R. Mahurin, R. Masuda, Y. Mei, J. Mitchell, G. S. Muto, S. Nann, H. Page, S. A. Penttilae, S. I. Ramsay, W. D. Salas-Bacci, A. Santra, S. Sharma, M. Seo, P. -N. Sharapov, E. I. Smith, T. B. Snow, W. M. Wilburn, W. S. Yuan, V. CA NPDGamma Collaboration TI Measurement of parity-violating gamma-ray asymmetry in the capture of polarized cold neutrons on protons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTION; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; DISPERSION APPROACH; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; NON-CONSERVATION; ANAPOLE MOMENT; DETECTOR ARRAY AB The NPDGamma collaboration reports results from the first phase of a measurement of the parity violating up-down asymmetry A(gamma) with respect to the neutron spin direction of gamma rays emitted in the reaction (n) over right arrow + p -> d + gamma using the capture of polarized cold neutrons on the protons in a liquid parahydrogen target. One expects parity-odd effects in the hadronic weak interaction between nucleons to be induced by the weak interaction between quarks. A(gamma) in (n) over right arrow + p -> d + gamma is dominated by a Delta I = 1, S-3(1)-P-3(1) parity-odd transition amplitude in the n-p system. The first phase of the measurement was completed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center spallation source (LANSCE), with the result A(gamma) = [-1.2 +/- 2.1 (stat.) +/- 0.2 (sys.)] x 10(-7). We also report the first measurement of an upper limit for the parity-allowed left-right asymmetry in this reaction, with the result A(gamma,LR) = [-1.8 +/- 1.9 (stat.) +/- 0.2 (sys.)] x 10(-7). In this paper we give a detailed report on the theoretical background, experimental setup, measurements, extraction of parity-odd and parity-allowed asymmetries, analysis of potential systematic effects, and LANSCE results. The asymmetry has an estimated size of 5 x 10(-8) and the aim of the NPDGamma collaboration is to measure it to 1 x 10(-8). The second phase of the measurement will be performed at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. C1 [Gillis, R. C.; Lozowski, W. R.; Nann, H.; Snow, W. M.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gillis, R. C.; Lozowski, W. R.; Nann, H.; Snow, W. M.] Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gericke, M. T.; Mahurin, R.; Page, S. A.; Ramsay, W. D.] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Alarcon, R.; Balascuta, S.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Barron-Palos, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Blessinger, C.; Bowman, J. D.; Greene, G. L.; Penttilae, S. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carlini, R. D.; Covrig, S.; Mahurin, R.; Mei, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Chen, W.; Gentile, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chupp, T. E.; Sharma, M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Crawford, C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Dabaghyan, M.; Hersman, F. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Fomin, N.; Greene, G. L.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Freedman, S. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ino, T.; Masuda, Y.; Muto, S.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Jones, G. L.] Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Lauss, B.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Leuschner, M.] Procure Treatment Ctr, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Mitchell, G. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ramsay, W. D.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Salas-Bacci, A.; Wilburn, W. S.; Yuan, V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Santra, S.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Seo, P. -N.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Sharapov, E. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Smith, T. B.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Snow, WM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM wsnow@indiana.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Balascuta, Septimiu/J-7679-2015 OI Balascuta, Septimiu/0000-0003-2331-294X FU US Department of Energy (Office of Energy Research) [W-7405-ENG-36]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0457219, PHY-0758018, PHY-0100348, NSF-0116146]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-03ER46093]; [A12304014] FX The authors are deeply grateful to Mr. G. Peralta (LANL) for his dedication during the beam-line and experiment construction phases and for his extensive technical support during the experiment. The authors would like also to thank Mr. B. Teasdale (LANL) for his excellent design work in the experiment and for novel technical ideas, Mr. B. Etuk for his professional engineering support during the different phases of the beam-line and experiment constructions, Mr. W. Fox (CEEM) and Mr. T. Ries (TRIUMF) for the mechanical design of the detector array and the construction of the stand, and Mr. M. Kusner of Saint-Gobain in Newbury, Ohio, for interactions during the manufacture and characterization of the CsI(Tl) crystals. We would also like to thank TRIUMF for providing the personnel and infrastructure for the stand construction and the construction of the electronic gain modules. We thank Kevin Komicarsik, John Vanderwerp, and Jim Graham at CEEM and Jim Knudson at LANL for help with the liquid hydrogen target, various hydrogen target experts at national laboratories who participated in the hydrogen safety reviews, and the staff of the LANSCE facility for support during the construction and operation of the experiment. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy (Office of Energy Research, under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36), the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. PHY-0457219, PHY-0758018, and PHY-0100348), the NSF Major Research Instrumentation program (Grant No. NSF-0116146), for the procurement of the CsI crystals and neutron shielding, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and Japanese Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research A12304014. The work of W. M. S. was supported in part by the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries. The development and application of 3He spin filters used in this work were supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46093. The contributions from NIST were also supported through an Interagency Agreement with the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics. NR 81 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 AR 015505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.015505 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 713RX UT WOS:000286756200016 ER PT J AU Ranitovic, P Tong, XM Hogle, CW Zhou, X Liu, Y Toshima, N Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Ranitovic, P. Tong, X. M. Hogle, C. W. Zhou, X. Liu, Y. Toshima, N. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. TI Laser-Enabled Auger Decay in Rare-Gas Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION; RESONANCES; PHOTOIONIZATION AB In rare-gas atoms, Auger decay in which an inner-valence shell ns hole is filled is not energetically allowed. However, in the presence of a strong laser field, a new laser-enabled Auger decay channel can open up to increase the double-ionization yield. This process is efficient at high laser intensities, where an ns hole can be filled within a few femtoseconds of its creation. This novel laser-enabled Auger decay process is of fundamental importance for controlling electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and materials. C1 [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Zhou, X.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Zhou, X.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Hogle, C. W.; Zhou, X.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tong, X. M.; Toshima, N.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Tong, X. M.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Liu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ranitovic, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM predragr@jila.colorado.edu; tong@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Zhou, Xibin/C-1316-2011; Zhou, Xibin/B-5544-2009; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF Physics Frontier Centers; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the NSF Physics Frontier Centers, and facilities provided by the NSF EUV ERC. X. M. T. is supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. We thank Achim Czasch, Till Jahnke, and RoentDek for the COLTRIMS support, and Farhad Salmassi and Eric Gullikson of LBNL for the help on XUV mirror coatings. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 5 AR 053002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.053002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 713IZ UT WOS:000286733000003 PM 21405392 ER PT J AU Johnson, CL Runge, JA Curtis, KA Durbin, EG Hare, JA Incze, LS Link, JS Melvin, GD O'Brien, TD Van Guelpen, L AF Johnson, Catherine L. Runge, Jeffrey A. Curtis, K. Alexandra Durbin, Edward G. Hare, Jonathan A. Incze, Lewis S. Link, Jason S. Melvin, Gary D. O'Brien, Todd D. Van Guelpen, Lou TI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in the Gulf of Maine: Pattern and Role of Zooplankton and Pelagic Nekton SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Review ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC-OCEAN; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; LONGFIN INSHORE SQUID; LARGE-SCALE PATTERNS; GEORGES-BANK; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; PREDATION MORTALITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; LOLIGO-PEALEII AB This paper forms part of a broader overview of biodiversity of marine life in the Gulf of Maine area (GoMA), facilitated by the GoMA Census of Marine Life program. It synthesizes current data on species diversity of zooplankton and pelagic nekton, including compilation of observed species and descriptions of seasonal, regional and cross-shelf diversity patterns. Zooplankton diversity in the GoMA is characterized by spatial differences in community composition among the neritic environment, the coastal shelf, and deep offshore waters. Copepod diversity increased with depth on the Scotian Shelf. On the coastal shelf of the western Gulf of Maine, the number of higher-level taxonomic groups declined with distance from shore, reflecting more nearshore meroplankton. Copepod diversity increased in late summer, and interdecadal diversity shifts were observed, including a period of higher diversity in the 1990s. Changes in species diversity were greatest on interannual scales, intermediate on seasonal scales, and smallest across regions, in contrast to abundance patterns, suggesting that zooplankton diversity may be a more sensitive indicator of ecosystem response to interannual climate variation than zooplankton abundance. Local factors such as bathymetry, proximity of the coast, and advection probably drive zooplankton and pelagic nekton diversity patterns in the GoMA, while ocean-basin-scale diversity patterns probably contribute to the increase in diversity at the Scotian Shelf break, a zone of mixing between the cold-temperate community of the shelf and the warm-water community offshore. Pressing research needs include establishment of a comprehensive system for observing change in zooplankton and pelagic nekton diversity, enhanced observations of "underknown'' but important functional components of the ecosystem, population and metapopulation studies, and development of analytical modeling tools to enhance understanding of diversity patterns and drivers. Ultimately, sustained observations and modeling analysis of biodiversity must be effectively communicated to managers and incorporated into ecosystem approaches for management of GoMA living marine resources. C1 [Johnson, Catherine L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Runge, Jeffrey A.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Portland, ME USA. [Runge, Jeffrey A.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Curtis, K. Alexandra] Acadia Univ, Acadia Ctr Estuarine Res, Wolfville, NS B0P 1X0, Canada. [Durbin, Edward G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Incze, Lewis S.] Univ So Maine, Aquat Syst Grp, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Melvin, Gary D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB, Canada. [O'Brien, Todd D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Ecosyst Div, Off Sci Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Van Guelpen, Lou] Huntsman Marine Sci Ctr, Atlantic Reference Ctr, St Andrews, NB, Canada. RP Johnson, CL (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM Catherine.Johnson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Curtis, Katherine Alexandra/0000-0001-7284-944X FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation [OCE-0815336, 0733907, OISE-0502252]; Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Ecosystem Research Initiative in the Gulf of Maine FX This work was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Gulf of Maine Area Program of the Census of Marine Life (grant to L. Incze), by the National Science Foundation under awards OCE-0815336 and 0733907 to J. Runge and OISE-0502252 to C. Johnson, and by Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Ecosystem Research Initiative in the Gulf of Maine. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 164 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 55 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 AR e16491 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0016491 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 714UK UT WOS:000286834300071 PM 21304990 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Bentlage, B Gillan, W Lynn, TH Morandini, AC Marques, AC AF Collins, Allen G. Bentlage, Bastian Gillan, William (Bud) Lynn, Tara H. Morandini, Andre C. Marques, Antonio C. TI Naming the Bonaire banded box jelly, Tamoya ohboya, n. sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida: Tamoyidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE nematocysts; cnidome; stings; citizen science; taxonomic impediment ID MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; IMPEDIMENT; NEMATOCYST; SCYPHOZOA; TAXONOMY; MORBAKKA; PATTERNS AB A new species of cubozoan jellyfish has been discovered in shallow waters of Bonaire, Netherlands ( Dutch Caribbean). Thus far, approximately 50 sightings of the species, known commonly as the Bonaire banded box jelly, are recorded, and three specimens have been collected. Three physical encounters between humans and the species have been reported. Available evidence suggests that a serious sting is inflicted by this medusa. To increase awareness of the scientific disciplines of systematics and taxonomy, the public has been involved in naming this new species. The Bonaire banded box jelly, Tamoya ohboya, n. sp., can be distinguished from its close relatives T. haplonema from Brazil and T. sp. from the southeastern United States by differences in tentacle coloration, cnidome, and mitochondrial gene sequences. Tamoya ohboya n. sp. possesses striking dark brown to reddish-orange banded tentacles, nematocyst warts that densely cover the animal, and a deep stomach. We provide a detailed comparison of nematocyst data from Tamoya ohboya n. sp., T. haplonema from Brazil, and T. sp. from the Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Collins, Allen G.; Bentlage, Bastian; Lynn, Tara H.] NOAAs Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Collins, Allen G.; Bentlage, Bastian; Lynn, Tara H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Gillan, William (Bud)] Boynton Beach Community High Sch, Palm Beach Cty FL Sch, Boynton Beach, FL 33426 USA. [Morandini, Andre C.; Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Collins, AG (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM collinsa@si.edu; bentlage@ku.edu; gillanw@palmbeach.k12.fl.us; thtinlynn@gmail.com; acmorand@usp.br; marques@ib.usp.br RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; Morandini, Andre/A-9892-2012 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Morandini, Andre/0000-0003-3747-8748 FU Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey [05HQAG0009, 05099HS004]; US National Science Foundation [0531779]; CNPq [490158/2009-9]; FAPESP [2010/50174-7] FX We thank Vicki Carr for initiating this research by sharing video and a description of the Bonaire banded box jelly in 2001, all of the many other citizen scientists who have shared their encounters with the BBJ, Johan van Blerk for collecting the first examined specimen of Tamoya ohboya n. sp., Jake Richter (from Bonaire) for outstanding photography, blogging, and communications about the Bonaire banded box jelly over several years, Ramone DeLeon (Director, STINAPA - Bonaire Marine Park) for research, scientific, and technical assistance, Frank van Slobbe (Sr. Executive, DROB/The Netherlands Ministry of the Environment), for research, governmental, and technical assistance, as well as Tice Dace and Dr. Pauline Keyes (both from Bonaire) for communications and technical assistance, and Sabrina Baroni (USP) for technical assistance. We are grateful to Jennifer Collins for the idea of involving the public in naming a species and for highlighting this work through COPUS and the 2009 Year of Science celebration. Rob Wilson is acknowledged for his able help in generating molecular sequence data as part of the National Systematics Laboratory's barcoding efforts. We also thank M. Nizinski for providing the specimen of Tamoya sp. from the Gulf of Mexico, collection of which was supported by the Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey under Cooperative Agreement No. 05HQAG0009, sub-agreement 05099HS004. The comments, suggestions, and observations of two referees greatly improved an earlier version of this paper. We thank Dale Calder for agreeing to handle the editing of this manuscript without the specific name of the new species of Tamoya being fully determined, and for being patient. This work is part of the US National Science Foundation Assembling the Tree of Life grant 0531779 (to AGC, P. Cartwright, and D. Fautin). ACMorandini was partly funded by CNPq (490158/2009-9) and FAPESP (2010/50174-7) and ACMarques by CNPq, CAPES, Fundacao O Boticario, and FAPESP. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JAN 31 PY 2011 IS 2753 BP 53 EP 68 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 712LS UT WOS:000286668900003 ER PT J AU Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Detecting gravesoil with headspace analysis with adsorption on short porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Cadaver; Clandestine graves; Cryoadsorption; Gravesoil; Headspace; Ninhydrin ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE TISSUE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; STATIONARY-PHASE; ODOR ANALYSIS; HUMAN REMAINS; NINHYDRIN; SOIL; CRYOADSORPTION AB Victims of crimes are often buried in clandestine graves. There are several techniques for finding buried bodies or the scattered remains of a victim; however, none of these methods are very reliable or work in all scenarios. One way to detect gravesoil is to detect the biochemical changes of the surrounding soil due to cadaver decomposition, for example, the release of nitrogenous compounds. A simple and low-cost way to detect these compounds is based on the reaction of alpha amino groups with ninhydrin to form Ruhemann's purple. This test for ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen (NRN) has, to date, only been performed by direct solvent extraction of soil samples. Here, we present a method that detects trace quantities of NRN in the headspace air above gravesoil. Our method is based on an improved purge and trap method developed in our lab for sampling low volatility compounds, as well as volatile compounds at trace quantities, by applying low temperature collection on short alumina-coated porous layer open tubular (PLOT) columns. We modified this method to sample the headspace air above gravesoil with a motorized pipetter and a PLOT column at ambient temperatures. We generated gravesoil using rat cadavers and local soil. Trace quantities of NRN were successfully detected in the headspace air above gravesoil. We report the quantities of NRN recovered for buried rats, rats laid on top of soil, and blank graves (no rats) as a function of time (weeks to months). This work is the first (and thus far, only) example of a method for detecting NRN in the vapor phase, providing another tool for forensic investigators to aid in locating elusive clandestine graves. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council at NIST FX TML acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program and a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship, both at NIST. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 204 IS 1-3 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.05.024 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 703PS UT WOS:000285991900030 PM 20576371 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Irikura, KK Adams, SF Garscadden, A AF Jiao, C. Q. Irikura, K. K. Adams, S. F. Garscadden, A. TI Electron ionization and gas-phase ion molecule reactions of methylcyclohexane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Methylcyclohexane; Electron ionization; Ion molecule reaction; Cycloalkane; Binary-Encounter-Bethe model; Fourier-transform mass spectrometry ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT IONIZATION; COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; REFERENCE COMPONENTS; JET FUELS; ENERGIES; KINETICS; MODEL; JP-8 AB Absolute cross sections for electron ionization of methylcyclohexane (MCH, C7H14) are measured as a function of the electron energy in a range of 10-200 eV. The electron ionization of MCH produces the parent ion C7H14+* and fragment ions C6H11+ and C4H7+ as the predominant product ions at most of the electron energies studied. Reactions between selected hydrocarbon ions with the neutral MCH molecule, mainly via hydride transfer, charge transfer and H-2(-) transfer mechanisms, are studied. Absolute rate constants are reported, and the correlations between the reactivities and the thermochemical data of the reactions are discussed. The Binary-Encounter-Bethe method is applied to MCH to provide a theoretical comparison to the sum of the measured ionization cross sections. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jiao, C. Q.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Irikura, K. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garscadden, A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.adams@wpafb.af.mil RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 FU Propulsion Directorate AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NIST FX The authors thank the Propulsion Directorate AFRL, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and NIST for their support. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 30 PY 2011 VL 300 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.11.005 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 727HP UT WOS:000287789200001 ER PT J AU van der Avoird, A Nesbitt, DJ AF van der Avoird, Ad Nesbitt, David J. TI Rovibrational states of the H2O-H-2 complex: An ab initio calculation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; MATRIX KOHN METHOD; AMORPHOUS ICE; REACTIVE SCATTERING; HYDROGEN MOLECULES; WATER; H2O; ROTATION AB All bound rovibrational levels of the H2O-H-2 dimer are calculated for total angular momentum J = 0-5 on two recent intermolecular potential surfaces reported by Valiron et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 134306 (2008)] and Hodges et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 120, 710 (2004)] obtained through ab initio calculations. The method used handles correctly the large amplitude internal motions in this complex; it involves a discrete variable representation of the intermolecular distance coordinate R and a basis of coupled free rotor wave functions for the hindered internal rotations and the overall rotation of the dimer. The basis is adapted to the permutation symmetry associated with the para/ortho (p/o) nature of both H2O and H-2 as well as to inversion symmetry. Dimers containing oH(2) are more strongly bound than dimers with pH(2), as expected, with dissociation energies D-0 of 33.57, 36.63, 53.60, and 59.04 cm(-1) for pH(2)O-pH(2), oH(2)O-pH(2), pH(2)O-oH(2), and oH(2)O-oH(2), respectively, on the potential of Valiron et al. that corresponds to a binding energy D-e of 235.14 cm(-1). Rovibrational wave functions are computed as well and the nature of the bound states in the four different dimer species is discussed. Converged rovibrational levels on both potentials agree well with the high-resolution spectrum reported by Weida and Nesbitt [J. Chem. Phys. 110, 156 (1999)]; the hindered internal rotor model that was used to interpret this spectrum is qualitatively correct. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3533232] C1 [van der Avoird, Ad] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP van der Avoird, A (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM A.vanderAvoird@theochem.ru.nl FU National Science Foundation FX We thank Alexandre Faure and Laurent Wiesenfeld for making available the Fortran code of their potential. This work has been supported in part (D.J.N.) by funds from the National Science Foundation. We also would like to acknowledge additional assistance through the Senior Alexander von Humboldt Award program for providing the opportunity to work together. Finally, we note that while writing up this work we became aware of complementary efforts in the Carrington group to be published in this same issue. We would like to acknowledge Tucker Carrington and Xiaogang Wang for useful discussions. NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2011 VL 134 IS 4 AR 044314 DI 10.1063/1.3533232 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715PY UT WOS:000286897600057 PM 21280732 ER PT J AU Draganic, IN Ralchenko, Y Reader, J Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Brewer, SM Osin, D AF Draganic, Ilija N. Ralchenko, Yuri Reader, Joseph Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, Joseph N. Pomeroy, Joshua M. Brewer, Samuel M. Osin, Dmitry TI EUV spectral lines of highly-charged Hf, Ta and Au ions observed with an electron beam ion trap SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZN-LIKE IONS; GA-LIKE IONS; X-RAY-SPECTRA; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ENERGY-LEVELS; CU-LIKE; RESONANCE LINES; MAGNETIC DIPOLE; WAVELENGTHS; TUNGSTEN AB Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly-charged hafnium, tantalum and gold were produced with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer in the wavelength range 4-20 nm. The beam energy was varied between 1.84 and 5.15 keV to selectively enhance spectra from specific ionization stages. Identifications of strong n = 4-n = 4 transitions from Rb-like hafnium (35+) to Co-like gold (52+) were determined with the aid of collisional-radiative modelling of the EBIT plasma. Good quantitative agreement between simulated and measured spectra was achieved. Over 150 spectral lines were identified, 115 of which are new. C1 [Draganic, Ilija N.; Ralchenko, Yuri; Reader, Joseph; Gillaspy, J. D.; Tan, Joseph N.; Pomeroy, Joshua M.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Osin, Dmitry] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, Chem Phys Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU NIST/NIH National Research Council; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This research was performed while one of us (IND) held a joint NIST/NIH National Research Council Research Associateship Award. Our research was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 2 AR 025001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/44/2/025001 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 705ND UT WOS:000286142100002 ER PT J AU Shu, JC Tian, WS Austin, J Chipperfield, MP Xie, F Wang, WK AF Shu, Jianchuan Tian, Wenshou Austin, John Chipperfield, Martyn P. Xie, Fei Wang, Wuke TI Effects of sea surface temperature and greenhouse gas changes on the transport between the stratosphere and troposphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; WATER-VAPOR; EXCHANGE; AIR; OZONE; AGE; SIMULATIONS; TROPOPAUSE; VORTEX AB The effects of sea surface temperature (SST) and greenhouse gas (GHG) changes on the mean age-of-air and water vapor are investigated using a state-of-the-art general circulation model (GCM), and general characteristics of tracer transport between the stratosphere and troposphere are analyzed. Downward tracer transport in the northern midlatitude stratosphere is found to be faster than at southern midlatitudes. The global mean downward transport to the troposphere from stratosphere mainly occurs during northern winter and the downward cross-tropopause transport is weakest from August to October. The maximum troposphere mean (TM) age-of-air, derived from an age tracer released near the stratopause (around 1 hPa), can reach 13 years and is much larger than the maximum stratosphere mean (SM) age-of-air derived from an analogous age tracer released in the troposphere, with the SM age-of-air in the Northern Hemisphere being younger than in the Southern Hemisphere. Increased SSTs tend to accelerate upward transport through the stratosphere and slow downward transport in midlatitudes and the tropical stratosphere. In the context of effects of GHG increases and the associated SST increases on the stratosphere mean age-of-air, the GHG effects dominate, i.e., changes in the stratospheric mean age-of-air caused by SST increases only are smaller than those caused by combined changes in SSTs and GHGs. An increase in SSTs enhances the upward Eliasen-Palm (EP) flux in the extratropics. A 7.7% enhancement of tropical upwelling can be caused by a uniform 1.5 K SST increase. When both SST and GHG values are increased to the 2100 conditions, the meridional heat flux decreases in both winter hemispheres (and statistically significantly in the Southern Hemisphere). Meanwhile, the EP flux in the Northern Hemisphere increases significantly and the tropical upwelling is enhanced by 15% compared to the present-day conditions. C1 [Shu, Jianchuan; Tian, Wenshou; Xie, Fei; Wang, Wuke] Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Tian, Wenshou; Chipperfield, Martyn P.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, ICAS, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Austin, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Shu, JC (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. EM wstian@lzu.edu.cn RI Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; xie, fei/I-9766-2016 OI Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; FU National Science Foundation of China [40730949]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB428604]; Education Ministry of China FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (40730949) and National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB428604). W.T. also thanks the New Century Young Scientist Support Project and Doctoral Funds of Education Ministry of China. We thank Dan Marsh for providing the WACCM model and the Gansu Computing Center for computing support. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which improve the paper substantially. We thank R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, and D. Kinnison for supplying the WACCM ozone data for 2090-2099 and SPARC CCMval project for providing SST and sea ice fields. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D02124 DI 10.1029/2010JD014520 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713SI UT WOS:000286757300002 ER PT J AU Alin, SR Rasera, MDFL Salimon, CI Richey, JE Holtgrieve, GW Krusche, AV Snidvongs, A AF Alin, Simone R. Rasera, Maria de Fatima F. L. Salimon, Cleber I. Richey, Jeffrey E. Holtgrieve, Gordon W. Krusche, Alex V. Snidvongs, Anond TI Physical controls on carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux in low-gradient river systems and implications for regional carbon budgets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; TIDAL HUDSON RIVER; INORGANIC CARBON; AMAZONIAN RIVERS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; RATES; ESTUARY; STREAM; CO2; METABOLISM AB Outgassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) from rivers and streams to the atmosphere is a major loss term in the coupled terrestrial-aquatic carbon cycle of major low-gradient river systems (the term "river system" encompasses the rivers and streams of all sizes that compose the drainage network in a river basin). However, the magnitude and controls on this important carbon flux are not well quantified. We measured carbon dioxide flux rates (F-CO2), gas transfer velocity (k), and partial pressures (p(CO2)) in rivers and streams of the Amazon and Mekong river systems in South America and Southeast Asia, respectively. F-CO2 and k values were significantly higher in small rivers and streams (channels <100 m wide) than in large rivers (channels >100 m wide). Small rivers and streams also had substantially higher variability in k values than large rivers. Observed F-CO2 and k values suggest that previous estimates of basinwide CO2 evasion from tropical rivers and wetlands have been conservative and are likely to be revised upward substantially in the future. Data from the present study combined with data compiled from the literature collectively suggest that the physical control of gas exchange velocities and fluxes in low-gradient river systems makes a transition from the dominance of wind control at the largest spatial scales (in estuaries and river mainstems) toward increasing importance of water current velocity and depth at progressively smaller channel dimensions upstream. These results highlight the importance of incorporating scale-appropriate k values into basinwide models of whole ecosystem carbon balance. C1 [Alin, Simone R.; Richey, Jeffrey E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rasera, Maria de Fatima F. L.; Krusche, Alex V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Salimon, Cleber I.] Univ Fed Acre, BR-69915900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. [Holtgrieve, Gordon W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Snidvongs, Anond] Chulalongkorn Univ, SE Asia START Global Change Reg Ctr, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. RP Alin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM simone.r.alin@noaa.gov RI salimon, cleber/B-6701-2009; Rasera, Maria de Fatima/M-1100-2013; Holtgrieve, Gordon/C-5371-2009; Krusche, Alex/H-8988-2012 OI salimon, cleber/0000-0003-4408-4675; Rasera, Maria de Fatima/0000-0002-7842-6541; Holtgrieve, Gordon/0000-0002-4451-3567; FU NASA LBA program in the Amazon [NCC5-689, NNG06GE98A]; NSF Mekong in the United States [EAR-0223521]; FAPESP in Brazil [03/07778-5, 03/13172-2] FX We thank the many members of the Rede Beija Rio and Naganet field sampling teams in Brazil and Southeast Asia, respectively, for facilitating these field measurements. In particular, we thank Reynaldo Victoria, Suppakorn Chinvanno, Pranisa Wangrungkit, Mao Hak, Nhim Sophea, Mickey Sampson, and Phousy Inthapanya for invaluable logistical support; Erin Ellis, Nei Leite, Vania Neu, Eliete Sousa, Nhim Sophea, Khoum Vanny, Cheak Meng, Phousy Inthapanya, Khammone Xomvimane, and Thongsy Bounpaseut for able assistance in the field; Anthony Aufdenkampe, Patrick Crill, and Vicky Ballester for formative discussions; and Lauren McGeoch for making the maps. Erin Ellis, Sonya Remington, Rob Striegl, and several anonymous reviewers provided feedback on earlier versions of the manuscript that substantially improved this article. We are grateful for funding from the NASA LBA program (NCC5-689 and NNG06GE98A) for research in the Amazon and NSF (EAR-0223521) for research on the Mekong in the United States and from FAPESP (03/07778-5 and 03/13172-2) in Brazil. This is CAMREX contribution 151 and PMEL contribution 3543. NR 51 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 67 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 27 PY 2011 VL 116 AR G01009 DI 10.1029/2010JG001398 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 713TM UT WOS:000286760300004 ER PT J AU Hurst, DF Oltmans, SJ Vomel, H Rosenlof, KH Davis, SM Ray, EA Hall, EG Jordan, AF AF Hurst, Dale F. Oltmans, Samuel J. Voemel, Holger Rosenlof, Karen H. Davis, Sean M. Ray, Eric A. Hall, Emrys G. Jordan, Allen F. TI Stratospheric water vapor trends over Boulder, Colorado: Analysis of the 30 year Boulder record SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; TOTAL HYDROGEN BUDGET; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; INCREASE; METHANE; WASHINGTON; HALOE; AGE; DC AB Trend analyses are presented for 30 years (1980-2010) of balloon-borne stratospheric water vapor measurements over Boulder, Colorado. The data record is broken into four multiple-year periods of water vapor trends, including two that span the well-examined but unattributed 1980-2000 period of stratospheric water vapor growth. Trends are determined for five 2 km stratospheric layers (16-26 km) utilizing weighted, piecewise regression analyses. Stratospheric water vapor abundance increased by an average of 1.0 +/- 0.2 ppmv (27 +/- 6%) during 1980-2010 with significant shorter-term variations along the way. Growth during period 1 (1980-1989) was positive and weakened with altitude from 0.44 +/- 0.13 ppmv at 16-18 km to 0.07 +/- 0.07 ppmv at 24-26 km. Water vapor increased during period 2 (1990-2000) by an average 0.57 +/- 0.25 ppmv, decreased during period 3 (2001-2005) by an average 0.35 +/- 0.04 ppmv, then increased again during period 4 (2006-2010) by an average 0.49 +/- 0.17 ppmv. The diminishing growth with altitude observed during period 1 is consistent with a water vapor increase in the tropical lower stratosphere that propagated to the midlatitudes. In contrast, growth during periods 2 and 4 is stronger at higher altitudes, revealing contributions from at least one mechanism that strengthens with altitude, such as methane oxidation. The amount of methane oxidized in the stratosphere increased considerably during 1980-2010, but this source can account for at most 28 +/- 4%, 14 +/- 4%, and 25 +/- 5% of the net stratospheric water vapor increases during 1980-2000, 1990-2000, and 1980-2010, respectively. C1 [Hurst, Dale F.; Davis, Sean M.; Ray, Eric A.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, Dale F.; Oltmans, Samuel J.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Voemel, Holger] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observat Lindenberg, D-15848 Lindenberg, Germany. [Rosenlof, Karen H.; Davis, Sean M.; Ray, Eric A.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hurst, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dale.hurst@noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; NR 39 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D02306 DI 10.1029/2010JD015065 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 713SF UT WOS:000286757000004 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Chiang, MYM Kawaguchi, D Eidelman, N Stafford, CM Moon, CK AF Kim, Jae Hyun Chiang, Martin Y. M. Kawaguchi, Daisuke Eidelman, Naomi Stafford, Christopher M. Moon, Chang Kwon TI Combinatorial library designs for quantifying thin film adhesion via the edge delamination test SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENERGY; RELIABILITY; COATINGS AB We have demonstrated a combinatorial thin film library design for investigating the adhesion between film and substrate as measured by the edge delamination test. This library design allows rapid screening of critical parameters that control thin film reliability and bond strength in films and coatings. Specifically, our library design was aimed at quantifying the effect of film thickness and composition on the interfacial integrity between the film and underlying substrate by applying thermal stress. To create the combinatorial library, a single specimen was fabricated having a thickness gradient of an epoxy film on glass or silicon substrates. After sectioning the film into individual squares, a temperature gradient was applied orthogonal to the thickness gradient to induce debonding events where the adhesion is below a critical value. In addition, another combinatorial library was carried out using the epoxy films with concentration gradient and constant thickness, and applying a constant temperature. The combined results clearly demonstrate that our combinatorial library design and approach provide a large parameter space for accurately and reproducibly mapping the interfacial integrity and bond strength of film/substrate systems. C1 [Kim, Jae Hyun; Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Kawaguchi, Daisuke; Eidelman, Naomi; Stafford, Christopher M.; Moon, Chang Kwon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eidelman, Naomi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 AR 034003 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/44/3/034003 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 697VR UT WOS:000285548300004 ER PT J AU Chung, YS Shin, N Kang, J Jo, Y Prabhu, VM Satija, SK Kline, RJ DeLongchamp, DM Toney, MF Loth, MA Purushothaman, B Anthony, JE Yoon, DY AF Chung, Yeon Sook Shin, Nayool Kang, Jihoon Jo, Youngeun Prabhu, Vivek M. Satija, Sushil K. Kline, R. Joseph DeLongchamp, Dean M. Toney, Michael F. Loth, Marsha A. Purushothaman, Balaji Anthony, John E. Yoon, Do Y. TI Zone-Refinement Effect in Small Molecule-Polymer Blend Semiconductors for Organic Thin-Film Transistors SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TRIETHYLSILYLETHYNYL ANTHRADITHIOPHENE; FUNCTIONALIZED ACENES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRONICS AB The blend films of small-molecule semiconductors with insulating polymers exhibit not only excellent solution processability but also superior performance characteristics in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) over those of neat small-molecule semiconductors. To understand the underlying mechanism, we studied triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TESADT) with small amounts of impurity formed by weak UV exposure. OTFTs with neat impure TESADT had drastically reduced field-effect mobility (<10(-5) CM(2)/(V/s)), and a disappearance of the high-temperature crystal phase was observed for neat impure TESADT. However, the mobility of the blend films of the UV-exposed TESADT with poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (P alpha MS) is recovered to that of a fresh TESADT-P alpha MS blend (0.040 cm(2)/(V/s)), and the phase transition characteristics partly return to those of fresh TESADT films. These results are corroborated by OTFT results on "aged" TIPS-pentacene. These observations, coupled with the results of neutron reflectivity study, indicate that the formation of a vertically phase-separated layer of crystalline small-molecule semiconductors allows the impurity species to remain preferentially in the adjacent polymer-rich layer. Such a "zone-refinement effect" in blend semiconductors effectively removes the impurity species that are detrimental to organic electronic devices from the critical charge-transporting interface region. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.; Satija, Sushil K.; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chung, Yeon Sook; Shin, Nayool; Kang, Jihoon; Jo, Youngeun; Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Loth, Marsha A.; Purushothaman, Balaji; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov; anthony@uky.edu; dyyoon@snu.ac.kr RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008 FU Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project; NIST Center for Neutron Research FX We acknowledge the support of the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Program of the Brain Korea 21 Project and the NIST Center for Neutron Research. Portions of this research were carried out at the SSRL, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 26 PY 2011 VL 133 IS 3 BP 412 EP 415 DI 10.1021/ja108772q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 724CF UT WOS:000287553000008 PM 21155572 ER PT J AU Huls, NAF Bingham, NS Phan, MH Srikanth, H Stauffer, DD Leighton, C AF Huls, N. A. Frey Bingham, N. S. Phan, M. H. Srikanth, H. Stauffer, D. D. Leighton, C. TI Transverse susceptibility as a probe of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy- driven phase transition in Pr0.5Sr0.5CoO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; FERROELECTRICITY; MULTIFERROICS; MANGANITES; SEPARATION; GD AB Half-doped Pr1-xSrxCoO3 (x = 0.5) displays anomalous magnetism, most notably manifest in the field-cooled magnetization versus temperature curves under different applied cooling fields. Recently, an explanation was advanced that a magnetocrystalline anisotropy transition driven by a structural transition at 120 K is the origin of this behavior. In this paper, we further elucidate the nature of the magnetic anisotropy across the low-temperature phase transition in this material by means of transverse susceptibility (TS) measurements performed using a self-resonant tunnel diode oscillator. TS probes magnetic materials by means of a small radio frequency oriented transverse to a dc field that sweeps from positive to negative saturation. TS scans as a function of field clearly reveal peaks associated with the anisotropy (H-K) and switching fields (H-S). When peak position is examined as a function of temperature, similar to 120 K the signature of a ferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition is evident as a sharp feature in H-K and a corresponding cusp in H-S. A third TS peak (not previously observed in other classes of magnetic oxides such as manganites and spinel ferrites) is found to be correlated with the crossover field (H-cr) in the unconventional magnetization versus temperature [M(T)] behavior. We observe a strong temperature dependence of H-cr at similar to 120 K using this technique, which suggests the magnetic-field-influenced magnetocrystalline anisotropy transition. We show the switching between the high-field magnetization state and the low-fieldmagnetization state associated with themagnetocrystalline anisotropy transition is irreversible when the magnetic field is recycled. Finally, we demonstrate that the TS peak magnitude indicates easy axis switching associated with this phase transition, even in these polycrystalline samples. Our results further confirm that TS provides new insights into the magnetic behavior of complex oxides. C1 [Huls, N. A. Frey; Bingham, N. S.; Phan, M. H.; Srikanth, H.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Huls, N. A. Frey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stauffer, D. D.; Leighton, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Huls, NAF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Phan, Manh-Huong/A-6709-2014; Bingham, Nicholas/B-3768-2016 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46438, DMR-0804432, DE-FG02-06ER46275]; NSF FX Work at USF is supported by the Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46438. Work at UMN was supported by the NSF (sample synthesis) and DoE (neutron scattering characterization), via Grants No. DMR-0804432 and No. DE-FG02-06ER46275. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 2 AR 024406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.024406 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713PP UT WOS:000286750200004 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Newman, M AF Solomon, Amy Newman, Matthew TI Decadal predictability of tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean temperature trends due to anthropogenic forcing in a coupled climate model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; CCSM3 AB This study quantifies the impact of ENSO on the decadal predictability of tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean trends in a very large ensemble of NCAR CCSM3 anthropogenically-forced (A1B scenario) simulations, by decomposing upper ocean temperatures into "ENSO" and "non-ENSO" variability. On decadal time scales, the ENSO pattern primarily contributes to the ensemble spread and has a trend whose amplitude is not predictable. However, the non-ENSO component of the trend has much smaller spread and is predictable after 10 years, much sooner than the total trend, which is predictable after 25 years. The non-ENSO component of the trend explains 96% of the total trend and has a structure that is distinct from ENSO, including cooling in the South Pacific due to increased southeast trades, warming of the warm pool, and strengthening of the equatorial Pacific near-surface temperature gradient superimposed upon a uniform warming. Citation: Solomon, A., and M. Newman (2011), Decadal predictability of tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean temperature trends due to anthropogenic forcing in a coupled climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02703, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045978. C1 [Solomon, Amy; Newman, Matthew] NOAA, PSD, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Solomon, Amy; Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, CDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), NOAA, PSD, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; FU NOAA OAR FX The authors thank the NCAR CCR section for executing the simulations and two anonymous reviewers, M. Alexander, G. Compo, C. Deser, P. Gent, J. Perlwitz, and P. Sardeshmukh for helpful comments. This work was supported by grants from NOAA OAR CVP Program. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L02703 DI 10.1029/2010GL045978 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 710MY UT WOS:000286517100006 ER PT J AU Vinnikov, KY Yu, YY Goldberg, MD Chen, M Tarpley, D AF Vinnikov, Konstantin Y. Yu, Yunyue Goldberg, Mitchell D. Chen, Ming Tarpley, Dan TI Scales of temporal and spatial variability of midlatitude land surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; TRENDS AB Scales of temporal and spatial variability of clear-sky land surface temperature (LST) in middle latitudes are empirically evaluated using data from satellite and land surface observations. We consider separately the time-dependent expected value, its spatial variations, weather-related temporal and spatial anomalies, and errors of LST observation. Seasonal and diurnal cycles in the time-dependent expected value of LST are found to be the main components of temporal variations of clear-sky LST. The scale of spatial variability in the expected value of LST is found to be much smaller than the scale of spatial variability of the weather-related signal. The scale of temporal autocorrelation of weather-related LST variations is found to be in a good agreement with our earlier preliminary estimate and equal to 3 d, which corresponds to the time scale of weather system variations. This weather-related signal in clear-sky LST is statistically the same as in surface air temperature (SAT) observations at regular meteorological stations. The scale of spatial autocorrelation of weather-related LST variations exceeds 1000 km, which is the spatial scale of synoptic weather systems. These estimates provide us with a basis for better understanding and interpretation of LST observations from past, current, and future geostationary satellites and polar orbiters. C1 [Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tarpley, Dan] Short & Associates Inc, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Chen, Ming] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Vinnikov, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kostya@atmos.umd.edu RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NESDIS/NOAA GOES-R AWG FX We thank NESDIS/NOAA GOES-R AWG for supporting this work through a research grant to Cooperative Institute for Climate & Satellites/University of Maryland. Alan Robock and two anonymous reviewers made very interesting comments and suggestions which significantly improved this paper. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D02105 DI 10.1029/2010JD014868 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710NX UT WOS:000286519600006 ER PT J AU Vandemark, D Salisbury, JE Hunt, CW Shellito, SM Irish, JD McGillis, WR Sabine, CL Maenner, SM AF Vandemark, D. Salisbury, J. E. Hunt, C. W. Shellito, S. M. Irish, J. D. McGillis, W. R. Sabine, C. L. Maenner, S. M. TI Temporal and spatial dynamics of CO2 air-sea flux in the Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GAS-EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; COASTAL CURRENT; TIME-SERIES; OCEAN; CARBON; CIRCULATION; TRANSECT AB Ocean surface layer carbon dioxide (CO2) data collected in the Gulf of Maine from 2004 to 2008 are presented. Monthly shipboard observations are combined with additional higher-resolution CO2 observations to characterize CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)) and CO2 flux over hourly to interannual time scales. Observed fCO(2) and CO2 flux dynamics are dominated by a seasonal cycle, with a large spring influx of CO2 and a fall-to-winter efflux back to the atmosphere. The temporal results at inner, middle, and outer shelf locations are highly correlated, and observed spatial variability is generally small relative to the monthly to seasonal temporal changes. The averaged annual flux is in near balance and is a net source of carbon to the atmosphere over 5 years, with a value of +0.38 mol m(-2) yr(-1). However, moderate interannual variation is also observed, where years 2005 and 2007 represent cases of regional source (+0.71) and sink (-0.11) anomalies. We use moored daily CO2 measurements to quantify aliasing due to temporal undersampling, an important error budget term that is typically unresolved. The uncertainty of our derived annual flux measurement is +/- 0.26 mol m(-2) yr(-1) and is dominated by this aliasing term. Comparison of results to the neighboring Middle and South Atlantic Bight coastal shelf systems indicates that the Gulf of Maine exhibits a similar annual cycle and range of oceanic fCO(2) magnitude but differs in the seasonal phase. It also differs by enhanced fCO(2) controls by factors other than temperature-driven solubility, including biological drawdown, fall-to-winter vertical mixing, and river runoff. C1 [Vandemark, D.; Salisbury, J. E.; Hunt, C. W.; Shellito, S. M.] Univ New Hampshire, EOS, OPAL, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Irish, J. D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Engn Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sabine, C. L.; Maenner, S. M.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McGillis, W. R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Vandemark, D (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, EOS, OPAL, 142 Morse Hall,8 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM doug.vandemark@unh.edu OI Hunt, Christopher/0000-0001-8061-4560 FU NOAA [NA05OAR4601080, NA06OAR4600189, NA05-NOS4731206, NA160C2740]; NASA Earth Science Division [NNX08AL80G]; NSF [OCE-0851447] FX We gratefully acknowledge those who helped collect these data including K. Carpenter, R. Varner, S. Musielewicz, the staff of the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System and NOAA's National Data Buoy Center, and the crew of the R/V Gulf Challenger. We also thank the directors who initiated the project, J. Campbell and R. Talbot. This work was funded in part by NOAA grants to UNH for AIRMAP NA05OAR4601080 and NA06OAR4600189, NOAA grants NA05-NOS4731206 and NA160C2740, NASA Earth Science Division grant NNX08AL80G, and NSF grant OCE-0851447. This work is NOAA/PMEL contribution 3595. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C01012 DI 10.1029/2010JC006408 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 710NT UT WOS:000286519200002 ER PT J AU Sandell, TA Jacobson, KC AF Sandell, Todd A. Jacobson, Kym C. TI Comparison and evaluation of Renibacterium salmoninarum quantitative PCR diagnostic assays using field samples of Chinook and coho salmon SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Renibacterium salmoninarum; Quantitative PCR; Assay comparison; Natural infection ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DNA MICROARRAYS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; FISH PATHOGENS; ELISA; QUANTIFICATION AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is a Gram-positive bacterium causing bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in susceptible salmonid fishes. Several quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to measure R. salmoninarum infection intensity have been reported, but comparison and evaluation of these assays has been limited. Here, we compared 3 qPCR primer/probe sets for detection of R. salmoninarum in field samples of naturally exposed Chinook and coho salmon first identified as positive by nested PCR (nPCR). Additional samples from a hatchery population of Chinook salmon with BKD were included to serve as strong positive controls. The 3 qPCR assays targeted either the multiple copy major soluble antigen (msa) genes or the single copy abc gene. The msa/non-fluorescent quencher (NFQ) assay amplified R. salmoninarum DNA in 53.2% of the nPCR positive samples, whereas the abc/NFQ assay amplified 21.8% of the samples and the abc/TAMRA assay 18.2%. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) successfully quantified only 16.4% of the nPCR positive samples. Although the msa/NFQ assay amplified a greater proportion of nPCR positive samples, the abc/NFQ assay better amplified those samples with medium and high ELISA values. A comparison of the geometric mean quantity ratios highlighted limitations of the assays, and the abc/NFQ assay strongly amplified some samples that were negative in other tests, in contrast to its performance among the sample group as a whole. These data demonstrate that both the msa/NFQ and abc/NFQ qPCR assays are specific and effective at higher infection levels and outperform the ELISA. However, most pathogen studies will continue to require multiple assays to both detect and quantify R. salmoninarum infection. C1 [Sandell, Todd A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jacobson, Kym C.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Sandell, TA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sandellt@lifetime.oregonstate.edu OI Sandell, Todd/0000-0003-0495-0049 FU Mamie Markham Research Fund; Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank M. Purcell (USGS Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington) for providing most of the bacterial seed stocks for the cross-reactivity study, as well as assistance with troubleshooting the msa/NFQ qPCR assay and for her thorough review, which greatly improved this manuscript. We also thank L. Lindsay (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Health Division, Corvallis, Oregon) for her assistance with the ELISA and, together with C. Banner and T. Amandi (ODFW), for providing the Cole River Hatchery samples and for sharing their knowledge of Renibacterium salmoninarum. We thank L. Rhodes (NOAA, NWFSC, Seattle, Washington) for her advice on optimization of the abc qPCR assay and for the abc gene plasmid, as well as reviewing the manuscript, and K. True (US Fish and Wildlife Service, California-Nevada Fish Health Center, Anderson, California) for providing the msa plasmid and for organizing the first fish health pathogen qPCR workshop in 2006. We also thank J. Bartholomew (Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon) and E. Casillas (NOAA/NWFSC, Seattle, Washington) for reviewing, and improving, this manuscript. We also acknowledge M. B. Rew (CIMRS, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon) for her able assistance in the laboratory, J. Krenz (formerly of USDA, Newport, Oregon) for instruction on the PicoGreen assay and the correct usage of the Biomek robot, and black rockfish angler extraordinaire J. Losee for providing negative control kidneys. This study was funded in part by the Mamie Markham Research Fund, administered through the Hatfield Marine Science Center (Oregon State University), and by the Bonneville Power Administration. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 93 IS 2 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.3354/dao02289 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 711SF UT WOS:000286611000005 PM 21381519 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Garzoli, S AF Lumpkin, Rick Garzoli, Silvia TI Interannual to decadal changes in the western South Atlantic's surface circulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; BENGUELA CURRENT; ALTIMETER DATA; VARIABILITY; CURRENTS; CLIMATE; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB A combination of surface drifters and altimetry is used to analyze the seasonal to interannual variability of the surface velocity field in the Brazil-Malvinas confluence of the western South Atlantic Ocean. Longer-term changes are inferred from wind and sea surface temperature fields. During the period October 1992 to December 2007, a southward shift of -0.6 to -0.9 degrees decade(-1) is found in the confluence latitude of the Brazil and Malvinas currents. A comparable trend is found in the latitude of the maximum wind stress curl averaged across the South Atlantic basin, allowing a proxy for the confluence latitude to be calculated for the prealtimeter time period. This longer time series suggests that the recent trend may be part of a longer-term oscillation, which has returned to values last sustained in the early 1980s. This variation does not appear to be related to the multidecadal trend in the Southern Annular Mode, but instead is inversely related to long-term variations in the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Agulhas-Benguela pathway of the eastern South Atlantic subtropical basin. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick; Garzoli, Silvia] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NOAA's Office of Climate Observations; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAA's Global Ocean Observing System FX The authors were supported by NOAA's Office of Climate Observations and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Conversations and input from Martin Visbeck, Gustavo Goni, Ricardo Matano, Edmo Campos, and Peter Zavialov were extremely valuable, as were two anonymous reviews. Carmen Alex performed data reduction and supporting computations. Satellite-tracked drifting buoys of the Global Drifter Program are funded as part of NOAA's Global Ocean Observing System. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 116 AR C01014 DI 10.1029/2010JC006285 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 710NT UT WOS:000286519200001 ER PT J AU Gallagher, DT Kim, SK Robinson, H Reddy, PT AF Gallagher, D. Travis Kim, Sook-Kyung Robinson, Howard Reddy, Prasad T. TI Active-Site Structure of Class IV Adenylyl Cyclase and Transphyletic Mechanism SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATP; catalytic mechanism; crystal structure; cAMP; substrate dynamics ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CALMODULIN; ACTIVATION; TOXIN; TRIPHOSPHATASE; DENSITY; CALCIUM AB Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) belonging to three nonhomologous classes (II, III, and IV) have been structurally characterized, enabling a comparison of the mechanisms of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate biosynthesis. We report the crystal structures of three active-site complexes for Yersinia pestis class IV AC (AC-IV)-two with substrate analogs and one with product. Mn2+ binds to all three phosphates, and to Glu12 and Glu136. Electropositive residues Lys14, Arg63, Lys76, Lys111, and Arg113 also form hydrogen bonds to phosphates. The conformation of the analogs is suitable for in-line nucleophilic attack by the ribose O3' on alpha-phosphate (distance similar to 4 angstrom). In the product complex, a second Mn ion is observed to be coordinated to both ribose 2' oxygen and ribose 3' oxygen. Observation of both metal sites, together with kinetic measurements, provides strong support for a two-cation mechanism. Eleven active-site mutants were also made and kinetically characterized. These findings and comparisons with class II and class III enzymes enable a detailed transphyletic analysis of the AC mechanism. Consistent with its lack of coordination to purine, Y. pestis AC-IV cyclizes both ATP and GTP. As in other classes of AC, the ribose is loosely bound, and as in class III, no base appears to ionize the O3' nucleophile. Different syn/anti conformations suggest that the mechanism involves a conformational transition, and further evidence suggests a role for ribosyl pseudorotation. With resolutions of 1.6-1.7 angstrom, these are the most detailed active-site ligand complexes for any class of this ubiquitous signaling enzyme. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gallagher, D. Travis; Reddy, Prasad T.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Sook-Kyung] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Metrol Qual Life, Taejon, South Korea. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gallagher@ibbr.umd.edu; prasad.reddy@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy (Biological and Environmental Research) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the gift of Y. pestis chromosomal DNA from Dr. Robert D. Perry (University of Kentucky), the logistical assistance of Dawn Schettino and the technical expertise of Darwin Diaz (Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology), and the support of the US Department of Energy (Biological and Environmental Research) and the National Institutes of Health (National Center for Research Resources) for data collection at National Synchrotron Light Source beamline X29. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 21 PY 2011 VL 405 IS 3 BP 787 EP 803 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.11.026 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 714DR UT WOS:000286788200014 PM 21094652 ER PT J AU Zhang, S AF Zhang, S. TI Impact of observation-optimized model parameters on decadal predictions: Simulation with a simple pycnocline prediction model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE; STATE AB A skillful decadal prediction that foretells varying regional climate conditions over seasonal-interannual to multidecadal time scales is of societal significance. However, predictions initialized from the climate observing system tend to drift away from observed states towards the imperfect model climate due to model biases arising from imperfect model equations, numeric schemes and physical parameterizations, as well as the errors in the values of model parameters. Here I show how to mitigate the model bias through optimizing model parameters using observations so as to constrain the model drift in climate predictions with a simple decadal prediction model. Results show that the coupled state-parameter optimization with observations greatly enhances the predictability of the coupled model. While valid "atmospheric" forecasts are extended by more than 5 times, the decadal predictability of the "deep ocean" is almost doubled. The coherence of optimized model parameters and states is critical to improve the long time scale predictions. Citation: Zhang, S. (2011), Impact of observation-optimized model parameters on decadal predictions: Simulation with a simple pycnocline prediction model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L02702, doi:10.1029/2010GL046133. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov FU NSF [0968383] FX I thank Tony Rosati and Tom Delworth at GFDL and Z. Liu at Wisconsin University for their persistent support and encouragement on this research. Thanks go to Rym Msadek and You-Soon Chang for their helpful comments on a preliminary version of this paper. This research is supported by the NSF project grant 0968383. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L02702 DI 10.1029/2010GL046133 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 710MX UT WOS:000286517000003 ER PT J AU Jimenez, C Prigent, C Mueller, B Seneviratne, SI McCabe, MF Wood, EF Rossow, WB Balsamo, G Betts, AK Dirmeyer, PA Fisher, JB Jung, M Kanamitsu, M Reichle, RH Reichstein, M Rodell, M Sheffield, J Tu, K Wang, K AF Jimenez, C. Prigent, C. Mueller, B. Seneviratne, S. I. McCabe, M. F. Wood, E. F. Rossow, W. B. Balsamo, G. Betts, A. K. Dirmeyer, P. A. Fisher, J. B. Jung, M. Kanamitsu, M. Reichle, R. H. Reichstein, M. Rodell, M. Sheffield, J. Tu, K. Wang, K. TI Global intercomparison of 12 land surface heat flux estimates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERE WATER FLUX; SPACE-TIME CLIMATE; ISLSCP-II DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ECMWF MODEL; DATA SETS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; VEGETATION AB A global intercomparison of 12 monthly mean land surface heat flux products for the period 1993-1995 is presented. The intercomparison includes some of the first emerging global satellite-based products (developed at Paris Observatory, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, University of California Berkeley, University of Maryland, and Princeton University) and examples of fluxes produced by reanalyses (ERA-Interim, MERRA, NCEP-DOE) and off-line land surface models (GSWP-2, GLDAS CLM/Mosaic/Noah). An intercomparison of the global latent heat flux (Q(le)) annual means shows a spread of similar to 20 W m(-2) (all-product global average of similar to 45 W m(-2)). A similar spread is observed for the sensible (Q(h)) and net radiative (R-n) fluxes. In general, the products correlate well with each other, helped by the large seasonal variability and common forcing data for some of the products. Expected spatial distributions related to the major climatic regimes and geographical features are reproduced by all products. Nevertheless, large Q(le) and Q(h) absolute differences are also observed. The fluxes were spatially averaged for 10 vegetation classes. The larger Q(le) differences were observed for the rain forest but, when normalized by mean fluxes, the differences were comparable to other classes. In general, the correlations between Q(le) and R-n were higher for the satellite-based products compared with the reanalyses and off-line models. The fluxes were also averaged for 10 selected basins. The seasonality was generally well captured by all products, but large differences in the flux partitioning were observed for some products and basins. C1 [Jimenez, C.; Prigent, C.] Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Balsamo, G.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Betts, A. K.] Atmospher Res, Pittsford, VT 05763 USA. [Dirmeyer, P. A.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Fisher, J. B.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QI, England. [Jung, M.; Reichstein, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Kanamitsu, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [McCabe, M. F.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Mueller, B.; Seneviratne, S. I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Reichle, R. H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rodell, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rossow, W. B.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Wood, E. F.; Sheffield, J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Tu, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, K.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Jimenez, C (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. EM carlos.jimenez@obspm.fr RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Rodell, Matthew/E-4946-2012; Wang, Kaicun/F-7813-2012; Reichstein, Markus/A-7494-2011; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/I-3362-2013; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; Dirmeyer, Paul/B-6553-2016; Mueller, Brigitte/E-2594-2011; McCabe, Matthew/G-5194-2011; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011 OI Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Rodell, Matthew/0000-0003-0106-7437; Wang, Kaicun/0000-0002-7414-5400; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112; Balsamo, Gianpaolo/0000-0002-1745-3634; Dirmeyer, Paul/0000-0003-3158-1752; Mueller, Brigitte/0000-0003-1876-4722; McCabe, Matthew/0000-0002-1279-5272; Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917 FU GEWEX FX The LandFlux-Eval initiative acknowledges support by GEWEX. C. D. Kummerow, as chair of the GEWEX Radiation Panel, is acknowledged for encouraging the LandFlux activity, and contributing to the scientific discussions. The GLDAS data were acquired as part of the mission of NASA's Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) are acknowledged by disseminating the GLDAS data. The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and the GES DISC are acknowledged for disseminating the MERRA data. NR 92 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 9 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D02102 DI 10.1029/2010JD014545 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710NV UT WOS:000286519400002 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, VC Lazarou, YG Talukdar, RK Burkholder, JB AF Papadimitriou, Vassileios C. Lazarou, Yannis G. Talukdar, Ranajit K. Burkholder, James B. TI Atmospheric Chemistry of CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF: Cl and NO3 Rate Coefficients, Cl Reaction Product Yields, and Thermochemical Calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; OZONE CREATION POTENTIALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; OH RADICALS; INITIATED OXIDATION; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; ORBITAL METHODS; RATE CONSTANTS AB Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms and NO3 radicals with 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, CF3CF=CH2 (HFO-1234yf), and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, (Z)-CF3CF=CHF (HFO-1225ye), are reported. Cl-atom rate coefficients were measured in the fall-off region as a function of temperature (220-380 K) and pressure (50-630 Torr; N-2, 0(2), and synthetic air) using a relative rate method. The measured rate coefficients are well represented by the fall-off parameters k(0)(T) = 6.5 x 10(-28) (T/300)(-6.9) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) and k(infinity)(T) = 7.7 x 10(-11) (T/300)(-0.65) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for CF3CF=CH2 and k(0)(T) = 3 x 10(-27) (T/300)(-6.5) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1) and k(infinity)(T) = 4.15 x 10(-11) (T/300)(-0.5) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for (Z)-CF3C=CHF with F-c = 0.6. Reaction product yields were measured in the presence of O-2 to be (98 +/- 7)% for CF3C(O)F and (61 +/- 4)% for HC(O)Cl in the CF3CF=CH2 reaction and (108 +/- 8)% for CF3C(O)F and (112 +/- 8)% for HC(O)F in the (Z)-CF3CF=CHF reaction, where the quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. NO3 reaction rate coefficients were determined using absolute and relative rate methods. Absolute measurements yielded upper limits for both reactions between 233 and 353 K, while the relative rate measurements yielded k(3)(295 K) = (2.6 +/- 0.25) x 10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k(4)(295 K) = (4.2 +/- 0.5) x 10(-18) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF, respectively. The Cl-atom reaction with CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF leads to decreases in their atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials and formation of a chlorine-containing product, HC(O)Cl, for CF3CF=CH2. The NO3 reaction has been shown to have a negligible impact on the atmospheric lifetimes of CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF. The energetics for the reaction of Cl, NO3, and OH with CF3CF=CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF=CHF in the presence of O-2 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). C1 [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Inst Phys Chem, Athens 15310, Greece. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate and Global Change Program and NASA's Atmospheric Composition program. The usage of computational resources within the South-Eastern European Virtual Organization (SEE-VO) of the EGEE (Enabling Grids for E-sciencE) project is gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 2 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.1021/jp110021u PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 704XZ UT WOS:000286090300009 PM 21158462 ER PT J AU Davis, CJ de Koning, CA Davies, JA Biesecker, D Millward, G Dryer, M Deehr, C Webb, DF Schenk, K Freeland, SL Mostl, C Farrugia, CJ Odstrcil, D AF Davis, C. J. de Koning, C. A. Davies, J. A. Biesecker, D. Millward, G. Dryer, M. Deehr, C. Webb, D. F. Schenk, K. Freeland, S. L. Moestl, C. Farrugia, C. J. Odstrcil, D. TI A comparison of space weather analysis techniques used to predict the arrival of the Earth-directed CME and its shockwave launched on 8 April 2010 SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; STRUCTURED SOLAR-WIND; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; GEOMETRIC LOCALIZATION; PROTON TEMPERATURE; MODEL; FILAMENTS; CLOUDS AB The Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (CME) of 8 April 2010 provided an opportunity for space weather predictions from both established and developmental techniques to be made from near-real time data received from the SOHO and STEREO spacecraft; the STEREO spacecraft provide a unique view of Earth-directed events from outside the Sun-Earth line. Although the near-real time data transmitted by the STEREO Space Weather Beacon are significantly poorer in quality than the subsequently downlinked science data, the use of these data has the advantage that near-real time analysis is possible, allowing actual forecasts to be made. The fact that such forecasts cannot be biased by any prior knowledge of the actual arrival time at Earth provides an opportunity for an unbiased comparison between several established and developmental forecasting techniques. We conclude that for forecasts based on the STEREO coronagraph data, it is important to take account of the subsequent acceleration/deceleration of each CME through interaction with the solar wind, while predictions based on measurements of CMEs made by the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers would benefit from higher temporal and spatial resolution. Space weather forecasting tools must work with near-real time data; such data, when provided by science missions, is usually highly compressed and/or reduced in temporal/spatial resolution and may also have significant gaps in coverage, making such forecasts more challenging. C1 [Davis, C. J.; Davies, J. A.] STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [de Koning, C. A.; Biesecker, D.; Millward, G.; Dryer, M.] NOAA SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Deehr, C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Webb, D. F.] Boston Coll, ISR, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Schenk, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Freeland, S. L.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Moestl, C.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Davis, CJ (reprint author), STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM chris.davis@stfc.ac.uk RI Scott, Christopher/H-8664-2012; OI Scott, Christopher/0000-0001-6411-5649; Moestl, Christian/0000-0001-6868-4152 FU U.S. Navy [N00173-10-1-G-001]; NASA [NNX10AQ29G, NNX09AJ84G] FX The authors would like to thank N. Ness at the Bartol Research Institute for supplying the ACE magnetic field data and D. J. MComas at the Southwest Research Institute for the ACE/SWEPAM data. Both data sets were accessed from the CDAWeb interface supported by the Goddard Space Flight Center via their website at http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. D.W. was supported by U.S. Navy contract N00173-10-1-G-001. C.J.F. was supported by NASA grant NNX10AQ29G. C.A. de Koning was supported by NASA grant NNX09AJ84G. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN 20 PY 2011 VL 9 AR S01005 DI 10.1029/2010SW000620 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710PC UT WOS:000286522700001 ER PT J AU Windom, BC Bruno, TJ AF Windom, Bret C. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Improvements in the Measurement of Distillation Curves. 5. Reduced Pressure Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on New Frontiers in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering CY NOV 26-27, 2009 CL Thessaloniki, GREECE ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; DIESEL FUEL PROPERTIES; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; BIODIESEL FUEL; JET-A; GASOLINE AB The distillation curve is the only practical measurement used to characterize the vapor/liquid equilibrium (volatility) of a complex mixture. In earlier work, we described an improved method and apparatus for measurement of distillation curves at atmospheric pressure, called the advanced distillation curve (ADC) that is especially applicable to the characterization of fuels and complex mixtures. While the ADC method has greatly improved volatility measurements performed at atmospheric pressure, it still encounters problems with applications to fluids of very low volatility. Performing atmospheric pressure distillations on fluids with high boiling temperatures (350 degrees C-450 degrees C) can lead to thermal degradation, cracking, or polymerization of the sample. By performing the distillation at reduced pressures, one can reduce such thermal effects by reducing the component boiling temperatures. In this paper, we present a new apparatus and method that provides precise volatility measurements at reduced pressures. This new apparatus allows for nearly complete control of state variables (temperature, pressure, and composition) while volatility measurements are performed and also provides a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction. Volatility measurements using the reduced pressure ADC apparatus were made on multiple samples, including two well characterized validation mixtures and a commercially available soy derived biodiesel fuel. In addition, chemical analyses were performed on the distillate fraction aliquots by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results from the reduced pressure ADC were compared to predicted data by use of an equation of state model as well as distillation data measured at atmospheric pressure. C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 71 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 19 PY 2011 VL 50 IS 2 BP 1115 EP 1126 DI 10.1021/ie101784g PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 704CE UT WOS:000286027900077 ER PT J AU Lin, EK Cicerone, M AF Lin, Eric K. Cicerone, Marcus TI Advancing Technology Through Measurement Science in the NIST Polymers Division SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lin, Eric K.; Cicerone, Marcus] NIST, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, MML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, EK (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, MML, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 2200, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lin@nist.gov; marcus.cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 317 EP 318 DI 10.1002/adma.201004238 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500001 PM 21204056 ER PT J AU DeLongchamp, DM Kline, RJ Fischer, DA Richter, LJ Toney, MF AF DeLongchamp, Dean M. Kline, R. Joseph Fischer, Daniel A. Richter, Lee J. Toney, Michael F. TI Molecular Characterization of Organic Electronic Films SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; NORMAL-ALKYL CHAINS; H STRETCHING MODES; THIN-FILMS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); OPTICAL-CONSTANTS AB Organic electronics have emerged as a viable competitor to amorphous silicon for the active layer in low-cost electronics. The critical performance of organic electronic materials is closely related to their morphology and molecular packing. Unlike their inorganic counterparts, polymers combine complex repeat unit structure and crystalline disorder. This combination prevents any single technique from being able to uniquely solve the packing arrangement of the molecules. Here, a general methodology for combining multiple, complementary techniques that provide accurate unit cell dimensions and molecular orientation is described. The combination of measurements results in a nearly complete picture of the organic film morphology. C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM deand@nist.gov; joe.kline@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 102 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 6 U2 80 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 319 EP 337 DI 10.1002/adma.201001760 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500002 PM 20809510 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Bauer, BJ Hobbie, EK Becker, ML Walker, ARH Simpson, JR Chun, J Obrzut, J Bajpai, V Phelan, FR Simien, D Huh, JY Migler, KB AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Bauer, Barry J. Hobbie, Erik K. Becker, Matthew L. Walker, Angela R. Hight Simpson, Jeffrey R. Chun, Jaehun Obrzut, Jan Bajpai, Vardhan Phelan, Fred R. Simien, Daneesh Huh, Ji Yeon Migler, Kalman B. TI Carbon Nanotubes: Measuring Dispersion and Length SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; DENSITY DIFFERENTIATION; AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; SEPARATION; SOLUBILIZATION; ENRICHMENT; NETWORKS; DIAMETER AB Advanced technological uses of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) rely on the production of single length and chirality populations that are currently only available through liquid-phase post processing. The foundation of all of these processing steps is the attainment of individualized nanotube dispersions in solution. An understanding of the colloidal properties of the dispersed SWCNTs can then be used to design appropriate conditions for separations. In many instances nanotube size, particularly length, is especially active in determining the properties achievable in a given population, and, thus, there is a critical need for measurement technologies for both length distribution and effective separation techniques. In this Progress Report, the current state of the art for measuring dispersion and length populations, including separations, is documented, and examples are used to demonstrate the desirability of addressing these parameters. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Bauer, Barry J.; Hobbie, Erik K.; Becker, Matthew L.; Simpson, Jeffrey R.; Chun, Jaehun; Obrzut, Jan; Bajpai, Vardhan; Phelan, Fred R.; Simien, Daneesh; Huh, Ji Yeon; Migler, Kalman B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Obrzut, Jan/0000-0001-6667-9712 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; NIST National Research Council FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in providing the neutron research facilities referred to in this work, as well as initiative funding of the nanotube research. Additionally, many entities, including Southwest Nanotechnologies, Rice University, NanoPower Research, and NASA, among many others, have donated time and/or materials that have been gratefully received and contributed substantially to the course of this work. J.A.F. also gratefully acknowledges the support of a NIST National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship from 2005 to 2007. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 72 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 338 EP 348 DI 10.1002/adma.201001756 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500003 PM 20799292 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Nolte, AJ Stafford, CM AF Chung, Jun Young Nolte, Adam J. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Surface Wrinkling: A Versatile Platform for Measuring Thin-Film Properties SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYER FILMS; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; BUCKLING-BASED METROLOGY; BY-LAYER FILMS; POLYMER-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; ELASTOMERIC POLYMER; ORDERED STRUCTURES AB Surface instabilities in soft matter have been the subject of increasingly innovative research aimed at better understanding the physics of their formation and their utility in patterning, organizing, and measuring materials properties on the micro and nanoscale. The focus of this Review is on a type of instability pattern known as surface wrinkling, covering the general concepts of this phenomenon and several recent applications involving the measurement of thin-film properties. The ability of surface wrinkling to yield new insights into particularly challenging materials systems such as ultrathin films, polymer brushes, polyelectrolyte multilayer assemblies, ultrasoft materials, and nanoscale structured materials is highlighted. A perspective on the future directions of this maturing field, including the prospects for advanced thin-film metrology methods, facile surface patterning, and the control of topology-sensitive phenomena, such as wetting and adhesion, is also presented. C1 [Chung, Jun Young; Nolte, Adam J.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIST/National Research Council FX A.J.N. acknowledges the NIST/National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for funding. This article, a contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 127 TC 165 Z9 169 U1 27 U2 244 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1002/adma.201001759 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500004 PM 20814918 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Lin-Gibson, S AF Simon, Carl G., Jr. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Combinatorial and High-Throughput Screening of Biomaterials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLDS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; POLYMER SURFACES; IN-VITRO; DEGRADABLE BIOMATERIALS; OSTEOBLAST RESPONSE; CELL-INTERACTIONS; STEM-CELLS; GRADIENTS; FIBRONECTIN AB Combinatorial and high-throughput methods have been increasingly used to accelerate research and development of new biomaterials. These methods involve creating miniaturized libraries that contain many specimens in one sample in the form of gradients or arrays, followed by automated data collection and analysis. This article reviews recent advances in utilizing combinatorial and high-throughput methods to better understand cell-material interactions, particularly highlighting our efforts at the NIST Polymers Division. Specifically, fabrication techniques to generate controlled surfaces (2D) and 3D cell environments (tissue engineering scaffolds) as well as methods to characterize and analyze material properties and cell-material interactions are described. In conclusion, additional opportunities for combinatorial methods for biomaterials research are noted, including streamlined sample fabrication and characterization, appropriate and automated bioassays, and data analysis. C1 [Simon, Carl G., Jr.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU NIH/NIBIB [R21 EB006497]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX This article is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Researches were partially funded by NIH/NIBIB R21 EB006497 and by National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) through an Interagency Agreement (Y1-DE-7005-01). This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 90 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 78 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 369 EP 387 DI 10.1002/adma.201001763 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500005 PM 20839249 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Kang, SH VanderHart, DL Satija, SK Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Kang, Shuhui VanderHart, David L. Satija, Sushil K. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li TI Photoresist Latent and Developer Images as Probed by Neutron Reflectivity Methods SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; MOLECULAR GLASS RESISTS; X-RAY REFLECTION; PHOTOACID GENERATOR; AMPLIFICATION RESISTS; REACTIVE DISSOLUTION; EUV LITHOGRAPHY; ACID DIFFUSION; POLYMER-FILMS AB Photoresist materials enable the fabrication of advanced integrated circuits with ever-decreasing feature sizes. As next-generation light sources are developed, using extreme ultraviolet light of wavelength 13.5 nm, these highly tuned formulations must meet strict image-fidelity criteria to maintain the expected performance gains from decreases in feature size. However, polymer photoresists appear to be reaching resolution limits and advancements in measurements of the in situ formed solid/solid and solid/liquid interface is necessary. This Review focuses on the chemical and physical structure of chemically amplified photoresists at the lithographic feature edge at length scales between 1 nm and 100 nm. Neutron reflectivity measurements provide insight into the nanometer-scale composition profiling of the chemical latent image at an ideal lithographic line-edge that separates optical resolution effects from materials processing effects. Four generations of advanced photoresist formulations were examined over the course of seven years to quantify photoresist/photoacid and photoresist/developer interactions on the fidelity of lithographic features. The outcome of these measurements complement traditional resist design criteria by providing the effects of the impacts of the photoresist and processing on the feature fidelity. These physical relations are also described in the context of novel resist architectures under consideration for next-generation photolithography with extreme-ultraviolet radiation. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.; Kang, Shuhui; VanderHart, David L.; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Sematech [309841 OF]; Intel Corporation [CN-1892, 1893]; NIST (NIST CRADA) [CN-1892, 1893] FX This work was supported by Sematech under Agreement #309841 OF and a cooperative research and development agreement between Intel Corporation and NIST (NIST CRADA #CN-1892 and 1893). We acknowledge Karen Turnquest from Sematech and Kwang-Woo Choi, Manish Chandhok, Wang Yueh, Todd Younkin, Steve Putna, George Thompson, and Christof Krautschik from Intel for their input and support. In particular, special thanks go to Bryan Vogt (Arizona State University), Kristopher Lavery (Qualcomm), and Ashwin Rao (Rhodia) for their technical contributions over the years. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendations by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 95 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 46 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 388 EP 408 DI 10.1002/adma.201001762 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500006 PM 20848595 ER PT J AU Cheng, YJ Antonucci, JM Hudson, SD Lin, NJ Zhang, XR Lin-Gibson, S AF Cheng, Ya-Jun Antonucci, Joseph M. Hudson, Steven D. Lin, Nancy J. Zhang, Xinran Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Controlled In Situ Nanocavitation in Polymeric Materials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A new strategy to reduce the volume shrinkage of photo-cross-linking polymeric materials using an in situ nanocavitation process has been developed. A small amount of the cavitation agent introduced to a model system effectively reduces volume shrinkage upon photopolymerization to essentially zero. The method shows promise for electronic, coating, and dental applications. C1 [Cheng, Ya-Jun; Antonucci, Joseph M.; Hudson, Steven D.; Lin, Nancy J.; Zhang, Xinran; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014; OI Cheng, Ya-Jun/0000-0002-0932-295X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [Y1-DE-7005-01]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Financial support from the interagency agreement Y1-DE-7005-01 between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) is acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Anthony A. M Giuseppetti for the help with dilatometer and 3-point bending measurements. Discussions with Drs. Martin Y. M. Chiang and Hae-Jeong Lee are appreciated. Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyrights in USA. Certain commercial materials and equipments are identified in this article to specify the experimental procedure. In no instance does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST or that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1002/adma.201001755 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500007 PM 20715067 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Popova, V Chen, L Forster, AM Ding, YF Alvine, KJ Krug, DJ Laine, RM Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Popova, Vera Chen, Lei Forster, Aaron M. Ding, Yifu Alvine, Kyle J. Krug, Dave J. Laine, Richard M. Soles, Christopher L. TI Cubic Silsesquioxanes as a Green, High-Performance Mold Material for Nanoimprint Lithography SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; POLYMERS; FABRICATION; NM; NANOCOMPOSITES; REPLICATION; FEATURES; FILMS AB One-step direct nanoimprinting into cubic-silsesquioxane (SSQ) films create low surface energy, high-modulus, thermally stable, and UV-transparent patterns that can then be used as secondary molds for both thermal and UV versions of nanoimprinting. The optimization of these materials is demonstrated by varying the microstructure of the initial SSQ material. The pattern fidelity for features as small as 10 nm is quantified using X-ray reflectivity and AFM. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Ding, Yifu; Alvine, Kyle J.; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popova, Vera; Krug, Dave J.] Mayaterials Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 47108 USA. [Chen, Lei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Aaron M.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laine, Richard M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ro, HW (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hyun.ro@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; US Army Soldier Systems Center (Natick, MA) [W911QY-07-C-0012] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. We also acknowledge the Nanofabrication Laboratory of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) in NIST for providing facilities. Work done at Mayaterials was supported through a Phase I SBIR award from the US Army Soldier Systems Center (Natick, MA) through contract W911QY-07-C-0012. This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1002/adma.201001761 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500008 PM 20715068 ER PT J AU Ding, YF Sun, JR Ro, HW Wang, Z Zhou, J Lin, NJ Cicerone, MT Soles, CL Lin-Gibson, S AF Ding, Yifu Sun, Jirun Ro, Hyun Wook Wang, Zhen Zhou, Jing Lin, Nancy J. Cicerone, Marcus T. Soles, Christopher L. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Thermodynamic Underpinnings of Cell Alignment on Controlled Topographies SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; SURFACES; GUIDANCE; ADHESION; LITHOGRAPHY; SUBSTRATA; BEHAVIOR; SMOOTH AB The initial stages of cell alignment in response to surface topography can be largely described in terms of the work of adhesion encountered by a classical liquid droplet during spreading on a rough surface. This is manifested through a striking correlation between degree of cell alignment and anisotropic wetting of water droplets on the same topographical surfaces. C1 [Ding, Yifu; Sun, Jirun; Ro, Hyun Wook; Zhou, Jing; Lin, Nancy J.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Soles, Christopher L.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ding, Yifu; Wang, Zhen] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ding, YF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Yifu.Ding@Colorado.Edu; slgibson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0928067]; NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX Y. D. and J. S. contributed equally to the work. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. Y. D. acknowledges the funding support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0928067. This work is partially funded by the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs, and by National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) through an Interagency Agreement (Y1-DE-7005-01). We acknowledge the nanofabrication laboratory of the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST for providing facilities for the nanoimprint process, and acknowledge the use of the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center equipment. We are thankful for helpful discussion with Claudio Migliaresi (University of Trento). This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1002/adma.201001757 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500009 PM 20717992 ER PT J AU Martin, JD Marhefka, JN Migler, KB Hudson, SD AF Martin, Jeffrey D. Marhefka, Joie N. Migler, Kalman B. Hudson, Steven D. TI Interfacial Rheology Through Microfluidics SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC SURFACE-TENSION; BUBBLE PRESSURE METHOD; COMPATIBILIZED POLYMER BLENDS; FLUID PARTICLE INTERFACES; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; INSOLUBLE SURFACTANTS; SHEARED SUSPENSIONS; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; MICELLAR-SOLUTIONS; DROP DEFORMATION AB The bulk properties and structural characteristics of emulsions arise substantially from their interfacial rheology, which depends strongly on surfactant mass transfer and its coupling to flow. Typical methods used to measure such properties often employ simpler flows and larger drops than those encountered in typical processing applications. Mass transfer mechanisms are governed by droplet size; therefore experimentation at length scales typical of those encountered in applications is desired. Utilizing a microfluidic approach allows high-throughput experimentation at relevant length scales and with adjustable flow dynamics. Using a microfluidic device that facilitates the measurement of interfacial tension in two-phase droplet flows, particle tracers are also used to determine the droplet internal circulation velocity as a measure of interfacial mobility. Combining these measurements in a single device, the coupling between interfacial tension, interfacial retardation, and surfactant mass transfer is explored and mass transfer coefficients and interfacial mobility are measured for a two-phase system containing a diffusing surfactant. Such a device is also used to probe the deformability of elastic capsules and viscoelastic biological cells. C1 [Martin, Jeffrey D.; Marhefka, Joie N.; Migler, Kalman B.; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martin, JD (reprint author), Unilever Res Labs, 40 Merritt Blvd, Trumbull, CT 06611 USA. EM jeffrey.martin@unilever.com; steven.hudson@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Research Council FX Funding from the National Research Council (fellowships for JDM and JNM) are gratefully acknowledged. Official contribution of NIST; not subject to copyright in the United States. This article is part of a Special Issue on Materials Science at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 84 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 3 BP 426 EP 432 DI 10.1002/adma.201001758 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 703LX UT WOS:000285980500010 PM 20799293 ER PT J AU Nambu, Y Zhao, LL Morosan, E Kim, K Kotliar, G Zajdel, P Green, MA Ratcliff, W Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Broholm, C AF Nambu, Yusuke Zhao, Liang L. Morosan, Emilia Kim, Kyoo Kotliar, Gabriel Zajdel, Pawel Green, Mark A. Ratcliff, William Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. Broholm, Collin TI Incommensurate Magnetism in FeAs Strips: Neutron Scattering from CaFe4As3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Magnetism in the orthorhombic metal CaFe4As3 was examined through neutron diffraction for powder and single crystalline samples. Incommensurate [q(m) approximate to (0.37-0.39) x b*] and predominantly longitudinally (parallel to b) modulated order develops through a 2nd order phase transition at T-N = 89.63(6) K with a 3D Heisenberg-like critical exponent beta = 0.365(6). A 1st order transition at T-2 = 25.6(9) K is associated with the development of a transverse component, locking q(m) to 0.375(2)b*, and increasing the moments from 2.1(1) to 2.2(3) mu(B) for Fe2+ and from 1.3(3) to 2.4(4) mu(B) for Fe+. The ab initio Fermi surface is consistent with a nesting instability in cross-linked FeAs strips. C1 [Nambu, Yusuke; Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nambu, Yusuke; Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nambu, Yusuke; Green, Mark A.; Ratcliff, William; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Broholm, Collin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Liang L.; Morosan, Emilia] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kim, Kyoo; Kotliar, Gabriel] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Zajdel, Pawel] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Green, Mark A.; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nambu, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866 FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; NSF [DMR-0454672]; JSPS; DOD MURI FX Work at JHU is supported by the U.S. DOE through DE-FG02-08ER46544. Work at the NCNR is supported by the NSF under DMR-0454672 and the JSPS. Work at Rutgers University and Rice University is supported by DOD MURI Towards New & Better High Tc Superconductors. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 AR 037201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.037201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 713MN UT WOS:000286742200015 PM 21405289 ER PT J AU Satija, II Balakrishnan, R AF Satija, Indubala I. Balakrishnan, Radha TI Other incarnations of the Gross-Pitaevskii dark soliton SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Soliton; Bose-Einstein condensate; Bose-Hubbard model; Hard-core boson; Magnetic soliton ID SUPERFLUID HE-4; MODEL; STATES AB We show that the dark soliton of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) that describes the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) density of a system of weakly repulsive bosons, also describes that of a system of strongly repulsive hard core bosons at half filling. As a consequence of this, the GPE soliton gets related to the magnetic soliton in an easy-plane ferromagnet, where it describes the square of the in-plane magnetization of the system. These relationships are shown to be useful in understanding various characteristics of solitons in these distinct many-body systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balakrishnan, Radha] Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. [Satija, Indubala I.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Satija, Indubala I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakrishnan, R (reprint author), Inst Math Sci, Madras 600113, Tamil Nadu, India. EM radha@imsc.res.in FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-1025A]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6138, Am 001]; Department of Science and Technology, India FX Research of I.I.S. is supported by the grant N00014-09-1-1025A by the Office of Naval Research, and the grant 70NANB7H6138, Am 001 by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. R.B. thanks the Department of Science and Technology, India, for financial support. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 375 IS 3 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2010.12.003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 714BM UT WOS:000286781900054 ER PT J AU Scott, JA Incardona, JP Pelkki, K Shepardson, S Hodson, PV AF Scott, Jason A. Incardona, John P. Pelkki, Kathleen Shepardson, Sally Hodson, Peter V. TI AhR2-mediated, CYP1A-independent cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to retene SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Retene; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Cytochrome P450 1A; Embryotoxicity; Cardiac development ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; BLUE SAC DISEASE; FISH EMBRYOS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; ALPHA-NAPHTHOFLAVONE; CIRCULATION FAILURE AB In the embryo-larval stages of fish, alkylphenanthrenes such as retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene) produce a suite of developmental abnormalities typical of exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), including pericardial and yolk sac edema, cardiovascular dysfunction, and skeletal deformities. To investigate the mechanism and target tissue of retene toxicity, we used observational, histological, and protein knockdown techniques in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The primary overt signs of toxicity are pericardial edema and reduced blood flow, first observed at 36 h post-fertilization (hpf). The most pronounced effects at this stage are a reduced layer of cardiac jelly in the atrium and reduced diastolic filling. Conversely, an increased layer of cardiac jelly is observed at 72 hpf in retene-exposed embryos. Induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) is apparent in a subset of cardiomyocytes by 48 hpf suggesting that early cardiac effects may be due to AhR activation in the myocardium. Myocardial CYP1A induction is transient, with only endocardial induction observed at 72 hpf. Knockdown of cyp1a by morpholino oligonucleotides does not affect retene toxicity; however, ahr2 knockdown prevents toxicity. Thus, the mechanism of retene cardiotoxicity is AhR2-mediated and CYP1A-independent, similar to TCDD; however, the onset and proximate signs of retene toxicity differ from those of TCDD. Retene cardiotoxicity also differs mechanistically from the cardiac effects of non-alkylated phenanthrane, illustrating that alkyl groups can alter toxic action. These findings have implications for understanding the toxicity of complex mixtures containing alkylated and non-alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, Jason A.; Hodson, Peter V.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Incardona, John P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pelkki, Kathleen; Shepardson, Sally] Saginaw Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, University Ctr, MI 48710 USA. [Hodson, Peter V.] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Hodson, PV (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Biol, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. EM 4jas4@queensu.ca; John.Incardona@noaa.gov; pelkki@svsu.edu; sps@svsu.edu; peter.hodson@queensu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN 184288]; Queen's University FX The authors would like to thank H. Day, S. Fallahtafti, and G.M. Lange for their assistance and ideas, C. Nicol for the use of the microscope and digital camera, T. Linbo for zebrafish husbandry, and K. Peck for critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant (RGPIN 184288) awarded to PVH, and a Graduate Dean's Travel Grant for Doctoral Research awarded by Queen's University to JAS. NR 43 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.09.016 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 715BR UT WOS:000286855900018 PM 21040984 ER PT J AU Baldwin, DH Tatara, CP Scholz, NL AF Baldwin, David H. Tatara, Christopher P. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Copper-induced olfactory toxicity in salmon and steelhead: Extrapolation across species and rearing environments SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copper; Salmonid; Olfaction; Hatchery ID RAINBOW-TROUT; HATCHERY; SYSTEM; AGGRESSION; STREAMS; RUNOFF; FRY AB Recent research has shown that hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are vulnerable to the olfactory neurotoxicity caused by copper from urban runoff, pesticide use, and mining activities. To explore the broader application of this data to salmonids living in the wild, we exposed naturally-reared steelhead (O. mykiss) to copper (5 and 20 mu g/L; 3 h) and measured losses in olfactory function via electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings. Copper exposure disrupted the olfactory responsiveness of steelhead to an amino acid (L-serine) in a dose-dependent manner that was equivalent to previously published data for hatchery coho. Our findings support extrapolation of copper toxicity data across species and from fish raised in hatcheries to fish in the wild. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Tatara, Christopher P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Baldwin, DH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM David.Baldwin@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU NOAA FX We thank Cathy Laetz, Michelle Havey, Jeff Atkins, Abby Tillot-son, Rob Endicott, and Henry Desmarais for technical support and the UW School of Fisheries and Gordy George for facility support at BBC. This work was funded in part by the NOAA Coastal Storms Program. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 101 IS 1 BP 295 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.08.011 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 715BR UT WOS:000286855900033 PM 20869781 ER PT J AU Chen, J Levine, ZH Fan, JY Migdall, AL AF Chen, Jun Levine, Zachary H. Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan L. TI Frequency-bin entangled comb of photon pairs from a Silicon-on-Insulator micro-resonator SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION; WAVE-GUIDES; CORRELATED PHOTONS; RING RESONATORS; GENERATION; FIBER; DISPERSION; MODES AB We present a quantum-mechanical theory to describe narrow-band photon-pair generation via four-wave mixing in a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) micro-resonator. We also provide design principles for efficient photon-pair generation in an SOI micro-resonator through extensive numerical simulations. Microring cavities are shown to have a much wider dispersion-compensated frequency range than straight cavities. A microring with an inner radius of 8 mu m can output an entangled photon comb of 21 pairwise-correlated peaks (42 comb lines) spanning from 1.3 mu m to 1.8 mu m. Such on-chip quantum photonic devices offer a path toward future integrated quantum photonics and quantum integrated circuits. C1 [Chen, Jun; Levine, Zachary H.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Jun; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jun.chen@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 1470 EP 1483 DI 10.1364/OE.19.001470 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 707US UT WOS:000286314600110 PM 21263689 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Migdall, A Piacentini, F Polyakov, SV Berchera, IR AF Brida, G. Degiovanni, I. P. Genovese, M. Migdall, A. Piacentini, F. Polyakov, S. V. Berchera, I. Ruo TI Experimental realization of a low-noise heralded single-photon source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED PHOTONS; WAVELENGTH; LIGHT; STATE AB We present a heralded single-photon source with a much lower level of unwanted background photons in the output channel by using the herald photon to control a shutter in the heralded channel. The shutter is implemented using a simple field programable gate array controlled optical switch. (c) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Brida, G.; Degiovanni, I. P.; Genovese, M.; Piacentini, F.; Berchera, I. Ruo] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Migdall, A.; Polyakov, S. V.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, A.; Polyakov, S. V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brida, G (reprint author), INRIM, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM i.degiovanni@inrim.it RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Ruo-Berchera, Ivano/F-3119-2016 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Ruo-Berchera, Ivano/0000-0003-3131-8866 FU CCQOTS [PRIN 2007FYETBY] FX This work has been partially supported by PRIN 2007FYETBY (CCQOTS). NR 35 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 17 PY 2011 VL 19 IS 2 BP 1484 EP 1492 DI 10.1364/OE.19.001484 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 707US UT WOS:000286314600111 PM 21263690 ER PT J AU Xiao, JF Zhuang, QL Law, BE Baldocchi, DD Chen, JQ Richardson, AD Melillo, JM Davis, KJ Hollinger, DY Wharton, S Oren, R Noormets, A Fischer, ML Verma, SB Cook, DR Sun, G McNulty, S Wofsy, SC Bolstad, PV Burns, SP Curtis, PS Drake, BG Falk, M Foster, DR Gu, LH Hadley, JL Katulk, GG Litvak, M Ma, SY Martinz, TA Matamala, R Meyers, TP Monson, RK Munger, JW Oechel, WC Paw, UKT Schmid, HP Scott, RL Starr, G Suyker, AE Torn, MS AF Xiao, Jingfeng Zhuang, Qianlai Law, Beverly E. Baldocchi, Dennis D. Chen, Jiquan Richardson, Andrew D. Melillo, Jerry M. Davis, Kenneth J. Hollinger, David Y. Wharton, Sonia Oren, Ram Noormets, Asko Fischer, Marc L. Verma, Shashi B. Cook, David R. Sun, Ge McNulty, Steve Wofsy, Steven C. Bolstad, Paul V. Burns, Sean P. Curtis, Peter S. Drake, Bert G. Falk, Matthias Foster, David R. Gu, Lianhong Hadley, Julian L. Katulk, Gabriel G. Litvak, Marcy Ma, Siyan Martinz, Timothy A. Matamala, Roser Meyers, Tilden P. Monson, Russell K. Munger, J. William Oechel, Walter C. Paw, U. Kyaw Tha Schmid, Hans Peter Scott, Russell L. Starr, Gregory Suyker, Andrew E. Torn, Margaret S. TI Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Net ecosystem carbon exchange; Eddy covariance; MODIS; Carbon sink; U S; Interannual variability; Drought; Disturbance ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SOIL RESPIRATION; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; FORESTS; MODIS; VEGETATION; CO2; DISTURBANCE AB More accurate projections of future carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and associated climate change depend on improved scientific understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Despite the consensus that U.S. terrestrial ecosystems provide a carbon sink, the size, distribution, and interannual variability of this sink remain uncertain. Here we report a terrestrial carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. at 0.63 pg C yr(-1) with the majority of the sink in regions dominated by evergreen and deciduous forests and savannas. This estimate is based on our continuous estimates of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) with high spatial (1 km) and temporal (8-day) resolutions derived from NEE measurements from eddy covariance flux towers and wall-to-wall satellite observations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We find that the U.S. terrestrial ecosystems could offset a maximum of 40% of the fossil-fuel carbon emissions Our results show that the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink varied between 0.51 and 0.70 pg C yr(-1) over the period 2001-2006. The dominant sources of interannual variation of the carbon sink Included extreme climate events and disturbances. Droughts in 2002 and 2006 reduced the U.S. carbon sink by similar to 20% relative to a normal year. Disturbances including wildfires and hurricanes reduced carbon uptake or resulted in carbon release at regional scales. Our results provide an alternative, independent, and novel constraint to the U.S. terrestrial carbon sink. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Zhuang, Qianlai] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Melillo, Jerry M.] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wharton, Sonia; Falk, Matthias; Paw, U. Kyaw Tha] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Oren, Ram; Katulk, Gabriel G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Verma, Shashi B.; Suyker, Andrew E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Cook, David R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steve] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bolstad, Paul V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Foster, David R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Foster, David R.; Hadley, Julian L.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. [Litvak, Marcy] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Martinz, Timothy A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Oechel, Walter C.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Schmid, Hans Peter] Res Ctr Karlsruhe FZK IMK IFU, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xiao, JF (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Zhuang, Qianlai/A-5670-2009; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Martin, Timothy/0000-0002-7872-4194; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE) FX This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Department of Energy (DOE) We thank the principal investigators and contributors of the MODIS data products the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DACCC) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway for making these MODIS data products available The Level I Ecoregions map of North America was obtained from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the Biscuit fire severity data from J Thompson Harvard University and the PRISM climate database from the PRISM Group Oregon State University Computing support was provided by the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing Purdue University We also thank anonymous reviewers and Dr Anne Verhoef for their valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript [The EC-MOD dataset is available upon request] NR 54 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 151 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.002 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694UV UT WOS:000285325400006 ER PT J AU Hebert, KR Ai, JH Stafford, GR Ho, KM Wang, CZ AF Hebert, K. R. Ai, J. H. Stafford, G. R. Ho, K. M. Wang, C. Z. TI Vacancy defects in aluminum formed during aqueous dissolution SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International-Society-of-Electrochemistry Spring Meeting CY MAY 02-05, 2010 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH SP Int Soc Electrochem HO Ohio State Univ DE Hydrogen absorption; Aluminum; Corrosion; Vacancies; Stress measurement ID WEBER THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU STRESS; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; (111)-TEXTURED AU; HYDROGEN; CORROSION; EQUILIBRIUM; DIFFUSION; EVOLUTION; HYDRIDE AB Aqueous dissolution of aluminum is accompanied by extensive absorption of hydrogen, along with formation of hydride and voids. We used in situ stress measurements to discriminate between absorption mechanisms leading to either interstitial or vacancy defects, and to relate defect formation to surface chemistry. Large tensile shifts of the stress-thickness product, approaching 35 N/m, were found during the initial exposure of Al thin films to aqueous NaOH solutions at pH 12-13. The time dependence of the stress-thickness product correlated with mass of metal dissolved, as determined with the quartz crystal microbalance. The observed relationship between stress and mass change was consistent with a significant fraction of dissolved Al atoms forming vacancies or vacancy-hydrogen defects. Electrochemical potential transients indicated that the onset of the tensile stress change corresponds to the presence of aluminum hydride at the metal surface. We propose mechanisms in which vacancy-hydrogen defects form either due to hydride, or because of the elevated hydrogen chemical potential at the Al surface. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hebert, K. R.; Ai, J. H.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hebert, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM krhebert@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 56 IS 4 SI SI BP 1806 EP 1809 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.052 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 729LP UT WOS:000287951600016 ER PT J AU Beckman, BR AF Beckman, Brian R. TI Perspectives on concordant and discordant relations between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and growth in fishes SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE IGF1; Growth; Fish ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GILTHEAD SEA BREAM; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; I MESSENGER-RNA; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BARRAMUNDI LATES-CALCARIFER; X MORONE-SAXATILIS; SOMATOTROPIC AXIS RESPONSIVENESS AB Many physiological processes are modulated by the endocrine system, including growth. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the primary hormones involved in growth regulation in vertebrates, including fishes. Current work on IGF1 in fishes is driven both by a desire to better understand mechanisms of growth as well as to develop a reliable index of growth rate. A review of studies relating IGF1 to growth broadly reveals positive and significant relations between IGF1 and growth; however, relations found in individual studies range from no correlation to highly significant correlations. Potential sources for this variation include both biological and methodological issues and range from differences in how growth is defined (changes in length or weight), the duration of growth assessed (weeks to months) and how growth is calculated (total change, rate, percent change); yet, these methodological concerns cannot account for all the variation found. A further review of the literature reveals a number of physiological conditions and environmental factors that might influence IGF1 level and the subsequent relation of that IGF1 level to growth rate. The term concordance is introduced to categorize factors that influence IGF1 and growth in a similar fashion, such that positive and significant relations between IGF1 and growth are maintained even though the factor stimulates changes in IGF1 level. Conversely, the term discordance is introduced to categorize factors that stimulate changes in the relations between IGF1 and growth, such that IGF1 is not an efficacious index of growth for both pre and post-stimulus fish combined. IGF1 and growth relations generally remain concordant after changes in nutrition (consumption rate or diet). Differences in IGF1 level of juvenile, maturing male and maturing female fish are common and IGF1-growth relations appear discordant between these groups. Acute changes in temperature and salinity induce discordant relations between IGF1 and growth but acclimation to persistent differences in environmental condition generally result in concordant relations. Overall, by discriminating between fish of differing physiological status and discerning and categorizing differences among environments one may effectively use IGF1 as a growth index for fishes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beckman, BR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Brian.Beckman@NOAA.gov FU BPA; USDA; JSPS; NOAA Fisheries FX My thanks to those who have made the NOM laboratory at Montlake an exciting place to study the growth and endocrinology of salmonids, I'm quite fortunate to have been included in this group: Walt Dickhoff, Cunming Duan, Steve Duguay, Haru Fukada, Don Larsen, Adam Luckenbach, Shunsuke Moriyama, Andy Pierce, Erika Plisetskaya, Karl Shearer, Munetaka Shimizu, Jeff Silverstein, and Penny Swanson. In addition, I thank a number of current collaborators that are forcing me to think about how IGF1 might be used as a growth index in an ecologically relevant manner; including Cheryl Morgan, Marc Trudel, Kelly Andrews and Anne Beaudreau. Finally, I thank Beeda Lee-Pawlak, Kathy Cooper, Paul Parkins, and Brad Gadberry for excellent technical assistance in developing the data included in this review. Funding for various portions of the work reported herein has been provided by BPA, USDA, JSPS, and NOAA Fisheries. NR 194 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 170 IS 2 SI SI BP 233 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.08.009 PG 20 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 708ND UT WOS:000286367600004 PM 20800595 ER PT J AU Liebmann, B Kiladis, GN Allured, D Vera, CS Jones, C Carvalho, LMV Blade, I Gonzales, PLM AF Liebmann, Brant Kiladis, George N. Allured, Dave Vera, Carolina S. Jones, Charles Carvalho, Leila M. V. Blade, Ileana Gonzales, Paula L. M. TI Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; TROPOSPHERIC CYCLONIC VORTICES; SOUTH-AMERICA; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; AMAZON; PREDICTABILITY; PREDICTION AB The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10 degrees S, 40 degrees W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5 degrees S, 37.5 degrees W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms. C1 [Liebmann, Brant; Allured, Dave] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Vera, Carolina S.; Gonzales, Paula L. M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, CIMA, UBA, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci,FCEyN,UBA, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jones, Charles; Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Carvalho, Leila M. V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Atmospher Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona, Spain. RP Liebmann, B (reprint author), CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM brant.liebmann@noaa.gov RI Carvalho, Leila/I-5027-2012; Jones, Charles/I-4574-2012; OI Jones, Charles/0000-0003-4808-6977; Gonzalez, Paula/0000-0003-0154-0087 FU NOAA CPO CPPA FX The authors wish to thank NOAA CPO CPPA for partially supporting this research. We also appreciate comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 376 EP 396 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3457.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 716VR UT WOS:000287002100003 ER PT J AU Weaver, SJ Nigam, S AF Weaver, Scott J. Nigam, Sumant TI Recurrent Supersynoptic Evolution of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATIONS; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; SUMMER; 20-1ST; MODEL AB The evolution of supersynoptic (i.e., pentad) Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ) variability, its precipitation impacts, and large-scale circulation context are analyzed in the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)-a high-resolution precipitation-assimilating dataset-and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis. The analysis strategy leans on the extended EOF technique, which targets both spatial and temporal recurrence of a variability episode. Pentad GPLLJ variability structures are found to be spatially similar to those in the monthly analysis. The temporal evolution of the supersynoptic GPLLJ-induced precipitation anomalies reveal interesting lead and lag relationships highlighted by GPLLJ variability-leading precipitation anomalies. Interestingly, similar temporal phasing of the GPLLJ and precipitation anomalies were operative during the 1993 (1988) floods (drought) over the Great Plains, indicating the importance of these submonthly GPLLJ variability modes in the instigation of extreme hydroclimatic episodes. The northward-shifted (dry) GPLLJ variability mode is linked to large-scale circulation variations emanating from remote regions that are modified by interaction with the Rocky Mountains, suggesting that the supersynoptic GPLLJ fluctuations may have their origin in orographic modulation of baroclinic development. C1 [Nigam, Sumant] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weaver, Scott J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Nigam, Sumant] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Weaver, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM scott.weaver@noaa.gov RI Nigam, Sumant/A-8338-2009 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3445.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 716VR UT WOS:000287002100017 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Wahlstrand, JK Choi, SB Cundiff, ST AF Zhang, H. Wahlstrand, J. K. Choi, S. B. Cundiff, S. T. TI Contactless photoconductive terahertz generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB We describe a pulsed terahertz (THz) emitter that uses a rapidly oscillating, high-voltage bias across electrodes insulated from a photoconductor. Because no carriers are injected from the electrodes, trap-enhanced electric fields do not form. The resulting uniform field allows excitation with a large laser spot, lowering the carrier density for a given pulse energy and increasing the efficiency of THz generation. Compared to a dc bias, less susceptibility to damage is observed. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, H.; Wahlstrand, J. K.; Choi, S. B.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2011 VL 36 IS 2 BP 223 EP 225 DI 10.1364/OL.36.000223 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 706BC UT WOS:000286188100043 PM 21263507 ER PT J AU He, HJ Lowenthal, MS Cole, KD Bunk, D Wang, LL AF He, Hua-Jun Lowenthal, Mark S. Cole, Kenneth D. Bunk, David Wang, Lili TI An immunoprecipitation coupled with fluorescent Western blot analysis for the characterization of a model secondary serum cardiac troponin I reference material SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Human cardiac troponin I; Serum-based reference material; Troponin SRM 2921; Immunoprecipitation; Fluorescent Western blot; Proteolytic fragments; Concentration ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STANDARDIZATION; ASSAYS; AUTOANTIBODIES; DISEASE; FORMS AB Background: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered the 'gold standard' cardiac biomarker. However, the result comparability of commercial cTnI immunoassays is still lacking despite the availability of NIST Standard Reference Material, SRM 2921 (human cardiac troponin). To facilitate the standardization of the cTnI immunoassays, a secondary reference material consisting of a panel of three cTnI-positive human serum pools is proposed by the IFCC Working Group on Standardization of Troponin I. The objective of this study is to develop measurement procedures for the characterization of the future secondary reference material using a pooled cTnI-positive serum sample as a development model. Methods: We used magnetic beads coupled with 6 different anti-cTnI monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to different amino acid sequence regions of the cTnI molecule to immunoprecipitate cTnI proteins from the pooled cTnI-positive serum sample followed by sensitive detection using a fluorescent Western blot. Results: The degradation of cTnI in the pooled sample was detected and the concentration of cTnI was determined. Conclusion: We demonstrated the utility of this measurement procedure in support of the development of the proposed secondary cTnI-positive, serum-based reference material. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Hua-Jun; Lowenthal, Mark S.; Cole, Kenneth D.; Bunk, David; Wang, Lili] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP He, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hua.he@nist.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JAN 14 PY 2011 VL 412 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2010.09.017 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 699HY UT WOS:000285655700018 PM 20869361 ER PT J AU McMorran, BJ Agrawal, A Anderson, IM Herzing, AA Lezec, HJ McClelland, JJ Unguris, J AF McMorran, Benjamin J. Agrawal, Amit Anderson, Ian M. Herzing, Andrew A. Lezec, Henri J. McClelland, Jabez J. Unguris, John TI Electron Vortex Beams with High Quanta of Orbital Angular Momentum SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL VORTEX; LASER-BEAMS AB Electron beams with helical wavefronts carrying orbital angular momentum are expected to provide new capabilities for electron microscopy and other applications. We used nanofabricated diffraction holograms in an electron microscope to produce multiple electron vortex beams with well-defined topological charge. Beams carrying quantized amounts of orbital angular momentum (up to 100 (h) over bar) per electron were observed. We describe how the electrons can exhibit such orbital motion in free space in the absence of any confining potential or external field, and discuss how these beams can be applied to improved electron microscopy of magnetic and biological specimens. C1 [McMorran, Benjamin J.; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri J.; McClelland, Jabez J.; Unguris, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Anderson, Ian M.; Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McMorran, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcmorran@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015; McMorran, Benjamin/G-9954-2016 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965; McMorran, Benjamin/0000-0001-7207-1076 FU NIST-CNST NanoFab; NIST Division [637]; FIB-SEM; NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter FX We thank S. Adam, G. Gallatin, M. Stiles, and J. H. Scott for useful discussions. Supported by the NIST-CNST NanoFab, NIST Division 637 FIB-SEM, and the NIST-CNST/UMD-NanoCenter Cooperative Agreement. The authors declare no competing financial interests. NR 23 TC 174 Z9 178 U1 8 U2 74 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 14 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6014 BP 192 EP 195 DI 10.1126/science.1198804 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 709JA UT WOS:000286433100036 PM 21233382 ER PT J AU Schweikhard, V Grubisic, A Baker, TA Nesbitt, DJ AF Schweikhard, Volker Grubisic, Andrej Baker, Thomas A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Multiphoton Scanning Photoionization Imaging Microscopy for Single-Particle Studies of Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND MICROSCOPY; COMPLEX NANOSTRUCTURES AB Photoionization studies of single Au and Ag metal nanostructures are presented, using a scanning multiphoton photoionization microscope (SPIM) with single-electron detection capability. Four-photon photoemission following ultrafast excitation at around 840 nm and two-photon photoemission following excitation at 420 nm yield high signal-to-noise 2D photoelectron images for a variety of sample materials. By way of a test demonstration of the technique, we present results obtained from SPIM imaging photolithographically patterned gold nanostructures, as well as chemically prepared crystalline gold nanorods and polycrystalline silver nanospheres. For both chemically prepared samples, striking differences in the photoemissive properties of individual nanoparticles are observed that have gone unnoticed in bulk studies. Under 840 nm excitation, for example, each Au nanorod on a Pt substrate exhibits a clear cos(8)(theta-theta(0)) dependence of photoemission strength on the angle between laser polarization (theta) and the rod axis (theta(0)), suggesting that four-photon photoemission is initiated by excitation of the long-axis dipolar plasmon resonance. Surprisingly, strongly polarization-dependent photoelectron signals are also observed for nominally spherical Ag nanoparticles, albeit with varying degrees of anisotropy for different particles. AFM images of identically prepared samples reveal coverages that are consistent with those observed in SPIM images, suggesting that particle aggregation is at least not a predominant effect. One possibility consistent with the data is that localized regions of concentrated electric fields (i.e., "hot spots") or local variations of the emission propensity in these polycrystalline particles may be responsible for the polarization anisotropy, as well as dramatic temporal variations in the electron emission intensities. In summary, the studies presented here establish the SPIM technique as a new approach to exploring local electronic properties of individual metallic nanostructures. C1 [Schweikhard, Volker] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schweikhard, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional funds for optics, microscopy, and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 87 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 13 PY 2011 VL 115 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1021/jp1075143 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 701LA UT WOS:000285818200013 ER PT J AU Singh, DK Tuominen, MT AF Singh, D. K. Tuominen, M. T. TI Realization of artificial Kondo lattices in nanostructured arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION SYSTEMS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; QUANTUM CRITICALITY; MAGNETIC IMPURITY; METALS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ALLOYS; RESISTIVITY; STATES AB The interplay of magnetic energies in a Kondo lattice is the underlying physics of a heavy fermion system. Creating an artificial Kondo lattice system by localizing the moments in an ordered metallic array provides a prototype system to tune and study the energetic interplay while avoiding the complications introduced by random alloying of the material. In this paper, we create a Kondo lattice system by fabricating a hexagonally ordered nanostructured array using niobium as the host metal and cobalt as the magnetic constituent. Electrical transport measurements and magnetoresistivity measurements of these artificial lattices show that the competing exchange coupling properties can be easily tuned by controlling the impurity percentage. These artificial Kondo lattice systems enable the exploration of an artificial superconductor which should lead to a deep understanding of the role of magnetism in unconventional superconductors. C1 [Singh, D. K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Singh, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tuominen, M. T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Tuominen, Mark/A-6129-2012 FU NSF [DMR-0306951, CMMI-0531171, DMR-0944772] FX We thank J. W. Lynn, J. Gardener, S. Chang, and S. Chi for helpful discussion and comments. This work was supported by NSF Grants No. DMR-0306951, No. CMMI-0531171, and DMR-0944772. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 13 PY 2011 VL 83 IS 1 AR 014408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.014408 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713LD UT WOS:000286738600002 ER PT J AU Li, J Li, ZL Jin, X Schmit, TJ Zhou, LH Goldberg, MD AF Li, Jun Li, Zhenglong Jin, Xin Schmit, Timothy J. Zhou, Lihang Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Land surface emissivity from high temporal resolution geostationary infrared imager radiances: Methodology and simulation studies SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL; VARIATIONAL RETRIEVAL; 2-TEMPERATURE METHOD; PHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; MODIS; AIRS; VALIDATION; RADIATION; SOUNDER AB The time continuity of measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Meteosat-8/9 and from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on board the next generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) can be uniquely taken into account for infrared (IR) land surface emissivity (LSE) retrievals. The algorithm is based on the assumption that land surface temperature (LST) is temporally variable while the LSE is temporally invariable within a short period of time, i.e., a few hours. SEVIRI/ABI radiances from multiple time steps can be used to retrieve temporally invariable IR LSE and variable LST. The algorithm theoretical basis is described. Sensitivity studies with simulations show that (1) the algorithm is less sensitive to the first guesses of LST and the 8.7 mu m LSE but quite sensitive to the first guesses of the 10.8 and 12 mu m LSE, (2) the algorithm is weakly sensitive to the observational noise and radiative transfer calculation uncertainty (in the form of random noise), and (3) except for the 8.7 mu m LSE and LST, the algorithm is weakly sensitive to the radiance biases from dust contamination but sensitive to the radiance biases in the 12 mu m channel from the radiative transfer calculation. It is emphasized that the radiance biases from dust contamination are very difficult if not impossible to estimate due to the high temporal and spatial variations of the spatial distribution and optical properties of dust aerosol. It is also found that the algorithm is sensitive to the LST weighting functions rather than the sensor's local zenith angle; as long as the LST weighting functions are large enough, the retrieval precision is good. C1 [Li, Jun; Li, Zhenglong; Jin, Xin] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Li, Jun] CMA, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Schmit, Timothy J.; Zhou, Lihang; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jun.li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Li, Zhenglong/A-9375-2013; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group (AWG) [2010CB950802]; GOES-R Risk Reduction program [NA06NES4400002]; national supporting basic research program [2008BAC40B01] FX This work is partly supported by basic research program 2010CB950802, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group (AWG), GOES-R Risk Reduction program NA06NES4400002, and national supporting basic research program 2008BAC40B01. The authors would like to specifically thank Jinlong Li, Elisabeth Weisz, Chian-Yi Liu, and Eva Borbas for their support of this work. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 13 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D01304 DI 10.1029/2010JD014637 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 707XP UT WOS:000286324900004 ER PT J AU Hassler, B Bodeker, GE Solomon, S Young, PJ AF Hassler, B. Bodeker, G. E. Solomon, S. Young, P. J. TI Changes in the polar vortex: Effects on Antarctic total ozone observations at various stations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; HIGH-LATITUDES; DEPLETION; TRENDS AB October mean total column ozone data from four Antarctic stations form the basis for understanding the evolution of the ozone hole since 1960. While these stations show similar emergence of the ozone hole from 1960 to 1980, the records are divergent in the last two decades. The effects of long-term changes in vortex shape and location are considered by gridding the measurements by equivalent latitude. A clear eastward shift of the mean position of the vortex in October with time is revealed, which changes the fraction of ozone measurements taken inside/outside the vortex for stations in the vortex collar region. After including only those measurements made inside the vortex, ozone behavior in the last two decades at the four stations is very similar. This suggests that dynamical influence must be considered when interpreting and intercomparing ozone measurements from Antarctic stations for detecting ozone recovery and ozone-related changes in Antarctic climate. Citation: Hassler, B., G. E. Bodeker, S. Solomon, and P. J. Young (2011), Changes in the polar vortex: Effects on Antarctic total ozone observations at various stations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01805, doi:10.1029/2010GL045542. C1 [Hassler, B.; Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Solomon, S.; Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra 9391, Central Otago, New Zealand. RP Hassler, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L01805 DI 10.1029/2010GL045542 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 707XA UT WOS:000286323300003 ER PT J AU Bousquet, P Yver, C Pison, I Li, YS Fortems, A Hauglustaine, D Szopa, S Rayner, PJ Novelli, P Langenfelds, R Steele, P Ramonet, M Schmidt, M Foster, P Morfopoulos, C Ciais, P AF Bousquet, P. Yver, C. Pison, I. Li, Y. S. Fortems, A. Hauglustaine, D. Szopa, S. Rayner, P. J. Novelli, P. Langenfelds, R. Steele, P. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Foster, P. Morfopoulos, C. Ciais, P. TI A three-dimensional synthesis inversion of the molecular hydrogen cycle: Sources and sinks budget and implications for the soil uptake SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; DEPOSITION VELOCITIES; METHYL CHLOROFORM; SURFACE EMISSIONS; H-2; CO; METHANE; VARIABILITY; TROPOSPHERE AB Our understanding of the global budget of atmospheric hydrogen (H-2) contains large uncertainties. An atmospheric Bayesian inversion of H-2 sources and sinks is presented for the period 1991-2004, based on a two networks of flask measurement stations. The types of fluxes and the spatial scales potentially resolvable by the inversion are first estimated from an analysis of the correlations of errors between the different processes and regions emitting or absorbing H-2. Then, the estimated budget of H-2 and its uncertainties is presented and discussed, for five groups of fluxes and three groups of large regions, in terms of mean fluxes, seasonal and interannual variations, and long-term trends. One main focus of the study is the improvement of the estimate of H-2 soil uptake, which is the largest sink of H-2. Various sensitivity tests are performed defining an ensemble of more than 20 inversions. We show that inferring a robust estimate of the H-2 soil uptake requires to prescribe the prior magnitude of some other sources and sinks with a small uncertainty. Doing so an estimate of the H-2 soil uptake of -62 +/- 3 Tg y(-1) is inferred for the period 1991-2004 (the uncertainty is the residual error after inversion). The inferred soil H-2 sink presents a negative long-term trend that is qualitatively consistent with a bottom-up process-based model. C1 [Bousquet, P.; Yver, C.; Pison, I.; Li, Y. S.; Fortems, A.; Hauglustaine, D.; Szopa, S.; Rayner, P. J.; Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Ciais, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Foster, P.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Langenfelds, R.; Steele, P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Morfopoulos, C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Novelli, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rayner, P. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Bousquet, P (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Foster, Pru/K-5476-2012 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Foster, Pru/0000-0003-4735-1521 FU French CNRS; EU; Australian Research Council [DP1096309] FX French Atomic agency (CEA) and Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE) are to be thanked to have provided computing time to this work trough the GENCI project. Part of this work is funded by French CNRS and by EU projects HYMN and EUROHYDROS. We acknowledge Guido Van der Werf for providing H2 emissions from fires, and the OMI science team to make the OMI retrievals available. We acknowledge the TRANSCOM community for the region map used in this work. We thank Philippe Peylin for his contribution to the codes used in this work to analyze the data. Peter Rayner is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Professorial Fellowship (DP1096309). NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 11 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D01302 DI 10.1029/2010JD014599 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 707XK UT WOS:000286324300002 ER PT J AU Awad, S Chen, HM Chen, GD Gu, XH Lee, JL Abdel-Hady, EE Jean, YC AF Awad, Somia Chen, Hongmin Chen, Guodong Gu, Xiaohong Lee, James L. Abdel-Hady, E. E. Jean, Y. C. TI Free Volumes, Glass Transitions, and Cross-Links in Zinc Oxide/Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; HYDROXYL-TERMINATED POLYBUTADIENE; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; RIGID POLYURETHANE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; GAS-PERMEABILITY; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE AB The free-volume properties in a system of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (20 nm) dispersed in waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) were measured using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Two glass-transition temperatures (T-g), lower T-g similar to 220 K and higher T-g similar to 380 K of the ZnO/WBPU nanocomposites, were found and both increase with increasing zinc oxide content from 0% to 5%. These two glass transitions are interpreted from two segmental domains of WBPU; the lower T-g is due to soft aliphatic chains and high T-g is due to polar hard microdomains, respectively. The increase in T-g with the addition of ZnO fillers is mainly attributed to interfacial interactions through hydrogen bonding, van der Walls forces, and electrostatic forces between the polymer matrix and zinc oxide nanoparticles. These results are supported by the data from the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The relationship between the free volume obtained from nanoscopic positron method and the physical cross-link density from macroscopic DMTA method as a result of microphase separation of hard and soft segments in polyurethane is found to follow an exponential function. Chemical properties and surface morphology of nanocomposites were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). C1 [Awad, Somia; Chen, Hongmin; Gu, Xiaohong; Jean, Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Awad, Somia; Abdel-Hady, E. E.] Menia Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Al Minya, Egypt. [Chen, Guodong; Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, James L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Jean, YC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM jeany@umkc.edu OI awad, somia/0000-0003-3300-7551 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0476]; NSF FX S.A. wishes to express thanks for the financial support of the channel system and mission department of Egypt. This research is supported by the NSF-sponsored Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices (NSEC-CANPBD), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Army Research Office (W911NF-10-1-0476). NR 125 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 11 PY 2011 VL 44 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1021/ma102366d PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 700BG UT WOS:000285706500006 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI CloudSat measurements of landfalling hurricanes Gustav and Ike (2008) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; SATELLITE DATA; RAINFALL; RADAR; RETRIEVALS; PARAMETERS; MODEL AB The spaceborne 94 GHz radar onboard the CloudSat polar orbiting satellite offers new opportunities in estimating parameters of precipitating cloud systems including hurricanes. CloudSat measurements can resolve the vertical extent of storms and hurricanes, thus providing a view of their complex structure. These measurements can be used to retrieve with high spatial resolution rainfall and ice content parameters in an atmospheric vertical column as the satellite moves over the precipitating systems. Two major Atlantic hurricanes of the 2008 season, Gustav and Ike, were observed by CloudSat near their landfalls on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. CloudSat measurements indicated cloud top heights at around 14-16 km above the ground and extended areas of startiform-like precipitation with estimated rain rates in a range of about 3-12 mm h(-1). The radar bright band features observed just below the freezing level were identifiable for most measured reflectivity profiles. Maximum retrieved ice water path values reached about 20,000 g m(-2). CloudSat rain rate retrievals over land and water agreed reasonably well with approximately coincident estimates from surface precipitation radars in the areas where measurements from these radars were available and were not contaminated by melting layer returns. Hurricane Gustav remnants observed by CloudSat several days after the landfall were characterized by smaller values of rain rate and ice water path (similar to 2-3 mm h(-1) and 1000-10,000 g m(-2), correspondingly). The hurricane parameters retrieved from CloudSat measurements may complement data from other satellite sources, which are traditionally used for hurricane observations. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NASA [NNX10AM35G] FX This study was funded through NASA Project NNX10AM35G. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 8 PY 2011 VL 116 AR D01203 DI 10.1029/2010JD014506 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704MX UT WOS:000286058200001 ER PT J AU Boukai, A Haney, P Katzenmeyer, A Gallatin, GM Talin, AA Yang, PD AF Boukai, Akram Haney, Paul Katzenmeyer, Aaron Gallatin, Gregg M. Talin, A. Alec Yang, Peidong TI Efficiency enhancement of copper contaminated radial p-n junction solar cells SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON; RECOMBINATION ACTIVITY; ENERGY-CONVERSION; METAL IMPURITIES AB Radial p-n junction solar cells have been predicted theoretically to have better efficiencies than their planar counterparts due to a decrease in the distance required to collect minority carriers relative to carrier diffusion length. This advantage is also significantly enhanced when the diffusion length is much smaller than the absorption length. The radial p-n junctions studied here consist of micron-scale to nano-scale diameter holes etched into a copper contaminated silicon wafer. Radial p-n junctions contaminated with copper impurities show roughly a twofold increase in efficiency than similarly contaminated planar p-n junction solar cells; however the enhancement is a strong function of the radial junction pitch, with maximum enhancement occurring for a pitch that is twice the carrier diffusion length. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haney, Paul; Gallatin, Gregg M.; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katzenmeyer, Aaron] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Boukai, Akram; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NSF FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The experimental part of this work is supported by National Science Foundation. A.B. thanks Erik Garnett for helpful discussions and Tom Mates for assistance with SIMS. P.Y. thanks NSF for the Waterman Award. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2011 VL 501 IS 4-6 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.11.069 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 701OJ UT WOS:000285829300001 ER PT J AU Montzka, SA Krol, M Dlugokencky, E Hall, B Jockel, P Lelieveld, J AF Montzka, S. A. Krol, M. Dlugokencky, E. Hall, B. Joeckel, P. Lelieveld, J. TI Small Interannual Variability of Global Atmospheric Hydroxyl SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHYL CHLOROFORM; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC OH; (CO)-C-14; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; ABUNDANCE; CAPACITY; RADICALS; OZONE AB The oxidizing capacity of the global atmosphere is largely determined by hydroxyl (OH) radicals and is diagnosed by analyzing methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) measurements. Previously, large year-to-year changes in global mean OH concentrations have been inferred from such measurements, suggesting that the atmospheric oxidizing capacity is sensitive to perturbations by widespread air pollution and natural influences. We show how the interannual variability in OH has been more precisely estimated from CH3CCl3 measurements since 1998, when atmospheric gradients of CH3CCl3 had diminished as a result of the Montreal Protocol. We infer a small interannual OH variability as a result, indicating that global OH is generally well buffered against perturbations. This small variability is consistent with measurements of methane and other trace gases oxidized primarily by OH, as well as global photochemical model calculations. C1 [Montzka, S. A.; Dlugokencky, E.; Hall, B.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Krol, M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Grp, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Joeckel, P.; Lelieveld, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Lelieveld, J.] Cyprus Inst, CY-1645 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Montzka, SA (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM stephen.a.montzka@noaa.gov RI Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; OI Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Stichting Nationale Computerfaciliteiten (National Computing Facilities Foundation) FX We thank C. Siso, B. Miller, L. Miller, D. Mondeel, L. Bruhwiler, P. Novelli, B. Weatherhead, J. W. Elkins, J. H. Butler, station personnel involved with sampling flasks, C. M. Spivakovsky, R. G. Prinn, and other AGAGE scientists, P. Bergamaschi, and J.-F. Meirink. Supported in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office and by the Stichting Nationale Computerfaciliteiten (National Computing Facilities Foundation). NR 29 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 71 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 7 PY 2011 VL 331 IS 6013 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1126/science.1197640 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 703JK UT WOS:000285974000036 PM 21212353 ER PT J AU Plano, LRW Garza, AC Shibata, T Elmir, SM Kish, J Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Miller, G Withum, K Fleming, LE Solo-Gabriele, HM AF Plano, Lisa R. W. Garza, Anna C. Shibata, Tomoyuki Elmir, Samir M. Kish, Jonathan Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Gidley, Maribeth L. Miller, Gary Withum, Kelly Fleming, Lora E. Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. TI Shedding of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from adult and pediatric bathers in marine waters SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE POLYMORPHIC REGION; NASAL CARRIAGE; INFECTIONS; INDICATOR; BACTERIA; SKIN; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; SURVIVAL AB Background: Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin resistant S. aureus, MRSA, are human colonizing bacteria that commonly cause opportunistic infections primarily involving the skin in otherwise healthy individuals. These infections have been linked to close contact and sharing of common facilities such as locker rooms, schools and prisons Waterborne exposure and transmission routes have not been traditionally associated with S. aureus infections. Coastal marine waters and beaches used for recreation are potential locations for the combination of high numbers of people with close contact and therefore could contribute to the exposure to and infection by these organisms. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and characteristics of the shedding of methicillin sensitive S. aureus, MSSA and MRSA by human bathers in marine waters. Results: Nasal cultures were collected from bathers, and water samples were collected from two sets of pools designed to isolate and quantify MSSA and MRSA shed by adults and toddlers during exposure to marine water. A combination of selective growth media and biochemical and polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to identify and perform limited characterization of the S. aureus isolated from the water and the participants. Twelve of 15 MRSA isolates collected from the water had identical genetic characteristics as the organisms isolated from the participants exposed to that water while the remaining 3 MRSA were without matching nasal isolates from participants. The amount of S. aureus shed per person corresponded to 10(5) to 10(6) CFU per person per 15-minute bathing period, with 15 to 20% of this quantity testing positive for MRSA. Conclusions: This is the first report of a comparison of human colonizing organisms with bacteria from human exposed marine water attempting to confirm that participants shed their own colonizing MSSA and MRSA into their bathing milieu. These findings clearly demonstrate that adults and toddlers shed their colonizing organisms into marine waters and therefore can be sources of potentially pathogenic S. aureus and MRSA in recreational marine waters. Additional research is needed to evaluate recreational beaches and marine waters as potential exposure and transmission pathways for MRSA. C1 [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33130 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33130 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.; Shibata, Tomoyuki; Elmir, Samir M.; Kish, Jonathan; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Withum, Kelly; Fleming, Lora E.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyuki] No Illinois Univ, Publ Hlth & Hlth Educ Programs, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.; Miller, Gary] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL 33056 USA. [Kish, Jonathan; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Plano, LRW (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33130 USA. EM lplano@med.miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF) [0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; National Science Foundation (NSF) in Oceans and Human Health, the University of Miami [SGER 0743987]; National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); University of Miami; Florida International University; University of Florida; Miami Dade County Public Works; Miami Dade County Health Department Environmental Health; Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratory Services Miami Branch; US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Health Human Services (DHHS) FX This study was funded in part from the following sources: the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373; NIEHS 1 P50 ES12736) and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, and the National Science Foundation (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human Health, the University of Miami IRDI program, the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through monies from the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Internship Program. The research team gratefully acknowledges all organizations and their staff who collaborated, provided support, and/or participated in all various aspects of this research effort including: University of Miami, Florida International University, University of Florida, Miami Dade County Public Works, Miami Dade County Health Department Environmental Health, Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratory Services Miami Branch, US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Department of Health Human Services (DHHS). Finally, the researchers would like to thank Ms Kathy Vergara (Director), the Staff and the families of the Debbie School of the University of Miami for their support of and participation in this study. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD JAN 6 PY 2011 VL 11 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-11-5 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 710IU UT WOS:000286505800001 PM 21211014 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Morrison, H Shupe, MD Hildner, R AF de Boer, G. Morrison, H. Shupe, M. D. Hildner, R. TI Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK PARAMETERIZATION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; MODEL; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES; NUCLEI AB Ground-based lidar, radar and microwave radiometer observations at Eureka, Canada, Barrow, Alaska and over the western Arctic Ocean measure physical characteristics and morphology of stratiform clouds. Despite transition of a cold atmosphere (-15 C) through ice supersaturated conditions, ice is not observed until soon after a liquid layer. Several cases illustrating this phenomenon are presented in addition to long-term observations from three measurement sites characterizing cloud phase frequency. This analysis demonstrates that clouds composed entirely of ice occur less frequently than liquid-topped mixed-phase clouds at temperatures warmer than -25 to -30 C. These results indicate ice formation generally occurs in conjunction with liquid at these temperatures, and suggest the importance of liquid-dependent ice nucleation mechanisms. Citation: de Boer, G., H. Morrison, M. D. Shupe, and R. Hildner (2011), Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01803, doi:10.1029/2010GL046016. C1 [de Boer, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hildner, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53562 USA. [Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shupe, M. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, PSD, ESRL,NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, MS90KR107,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gdeboer@lbl.gov RI de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA: NNX07AQ81G]; US DOE [U.S. DOE: ER64187-1027586-0011923, DE-FG02-05ER63965]; National Science Foundation; University of California under U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge E. Eloranta, J. Hedrick, J. Garcia and I. Razenkov for AHSRL data and R. Moritz for advice on SHEBA sonde measurements, as well as DOE, NOAA and SEARCH teams for MMCR data. Information from Eureka weather station personnel was helpful in dataset compilation. Data were also made available by the US DOE ARM program, and the SHEBA team. Finally, we acknowledge funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA: NNX07AQ81G) and US DOE (U.S. DOE: ER64187-1027586-0011923 and DE-FG02-05ER63965). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. LBNL is managed by the University of California under U.S. DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2011 VL 38 AR L01803 DI 10.1029/2010GL046016 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 704OB UT WOS:000286061200004 ER PT J AU Ryan, JC Cross, CA Van Dolah, FM AF Ryan, James C. Cross, Cheryl A. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Effects of COX inhibitors on neurodegeneration and survival in mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin domoic acid SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Excitotoxicity; Cyclooxygenase; Neuroinflammation; Marine biotoxin ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; IN-VIVO; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; MEDIATED NEUROTOXICITY; BRAIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2; EXPRESSION; RAT; EXCITOTOXICITY; INTOXICATION AB The marine neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) is a rigid analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate and a potent agonist of kainate subtype glutamate receptors. Persistent activation of these receptor subtypes results in rapid excitotoxicity, calcium-dependent cell death, and neuronal degeneration in regions of the brain where glutamatergic pathways are concentrated. Previous work has shown that DA promotes the expression of inflammatory genes in the brain, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). To investigate the impact of inflammation on the development of neurodegeneration, and ultimately survival following DA administration, we used selective (L745337, Merck) and non-selective (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) COX inhibitors in DA exposed mice. Adult male ICR mice were given a regime of either ASA or 123547 both before and after a single LD50 dose of DA. Mice were observed immediately after toxin introduction and then sacrificed at 2 days post exposure. Our lower dose of L23547 increased survival and was most effective at decreasing neuronal degeneration in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, areas especially sensitive to DA excitotoxicity. This study shows that COX2 plays a role in DA induced neurodegeneration and death, and that inhibitors may be of value for treatment in human and wildlife DA exposure. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Ryan, James C.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Cross, Cheryl A.] Univ Tennessee, Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ryan, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM james.ryan@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 FU NOAA Oceans; Human Health Initiative FX The authors would like to thank J. Maucher, S. Fire and M. Beal for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. Partial funding for this work was provided by NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2011 VL 487 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.001 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 697EJ UT WOS:000285495100019 PM 20934488 ER PT S AU Walsh, MA Coll, M Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Walsh, M. A. Coll, M. Richter, C. A. Hacker, C. A. BE Karim, Z Srinivasan, P DeGendt, S Misra, D Obeng, Y TI Metal-Molecule-Silicon Junctions Produced by Flip Chip Lamination of Dithiols: Effect of Molecular Length and Backbone SO DIELECTRICS IN NANOSYSTEMS -AND- GRAPHENE, GE/III-V, NANOWIRES AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS 3 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Graphene, Ge/III-V, Nanowires and Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications / Symposium on Tutorials in Nanotechnology CY MAY 02-04, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Dielect Sci & Technol, New Technol Subcomm, AIXTRON ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; X-RAY; SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; DEVICES; ELECTRONICS; TRANSPORT; ALDEHYDES; ALCOHOLS AB The integration of organic molecules with silicon is increasingly being studied for potential uses in hybrid electronic devices. Creating dense and highly ordered organic monolayers on silicon with reliable metal contacts still remains a challenge. A novel technique, flip chip lamination (FCL), has been developed to create uniform metal-molecule-semiconductor junctions. FCL uses nanotransfer printing to covalently attach self-assembled monolayers to a hydrogen-passivated Si(111) surface. Several dithiol molecules were studied to explore the role of molecular length and chemical structure on the physical and electronic properties of the molecules. The effects of the FCL process on the chemical and physical properties of the imbedded molecular layer were interrogated with p-polarized-backside reflectance absorption infrared spectroscopy. Electrical measurements were also performed to characterize device structure and to offer better insight into the mechanisms at play in the electronic transport. C1 [Walsh, M. A.; Coll, M.; Richter, C. A.; Hacker, C. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walsh, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012 OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-214-1; 978-1-56677-864-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1149/1.3569903 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCB09 UT WOS:000309539300008 ER PT S AU Tedesco, JL Gergel-Hackett, N Stephey, L Herzing, AA Hernandez-Mora, M Kopanski, JJ Hacker, CA Richter, CA AF Tedesco, J. L. Gergel-Hackett, N. Stephey, L. Herzing, A. A. Hernandez-Mora, M. Kopanski, J. J. Hacker, C. A. Richter, C. A. BE Karim, Z Srinivasan, P DeGendt, S Misra, D Obeng, Y TI Flexible Memristors Fabricated through Sol-Gel Hydrolysis SO DIELECTRICS IN NANOSYSTEMS -AND- GRAPHENE, GE/III-V, NANOWIRES AND EMERGING MATERIALS FOR POST-CMOS APPLICATIONS 3 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Graphene, Ge/III-V, Nanowires and Emerging Materials for Post-CMOS Applications / Symposium on Tutorials in Nanotechnology CY MAY 02-04, 2011 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Dielect Sci & Technol, New Technol Subcomm, AIXTRON ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; TITANIUM-OXIDE; GRAPHENE OXIDE; DEVICES; SYSTEMS; BIPOLAR AB Flexible memristors consisting of an oxide film generated through hydrolysis of a spun-on sol-gel were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements indicated that the oxide films contained amorphous TiO2 as well as a significant fraction of organic material. This characterization indicated that the oxide film has a different structure and morphology than sputter-deposited TiO2 memristors ("traditional memristors"). Despite the structural differences between sol-gel and traditional memristors, these flexible memristors exhibit switching behavior that is similar to sputter-deposited devices. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements suggest that this switching is not directly due to the electric field in the memristors. Additionally, thermal imaging measurements and I-V measurements performed after sectioning the memristors suggest that conduction occurred via localized conduction pathways. Capacitance-frequency and conductance-frequency measurements were also performed to further investigate conduction and loss mechanisms in these memristors. C1 [Tedesco, J. L.; Gergel-Hackett, N.; Stephey, L.; Hernandez-Mora, M.; Kopanski, J. J.; Hacker, C. A.; Richter, C. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tedesco, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-214-1; 978-1-56677-864-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1149/1.3569904 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCB09 UT WOS:000309539300009 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I Miller, JR AF Rangwala, Imtiaz Miller, James R. BE Blair, R Bracksieck, G TI Long-Term Temperature Trends in the San Juan Mountains SO EASTERN SAN JUAN MOUNTAINS: THEIR GEOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND HUMAN HISTORY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, James R.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PRESS COLORADO PI BOULDER PA 5589 ARAPAHOE AVE, STE 206C, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA BN 978-1-60732-084-5 PY 2011 BP 99 EP 111 PG 13 WC Geography; Geography, Physical SC Geography; Physical Geography GA BZB47 UT WOS:000301001400008 ER PT S AU Huang, PH AF Huang, Peter H. BE Williams, MC Garland, N TI Accurate Determination of the Hydrogen-Water Viscosity in PEMFC SO FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2010 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar and Exposition CY OCT 18-21, 2010 CL San Antonio, TX AB Transport properties of viscosity of hydrogen-water vapor systems are needed for engineering applications in PEMFC system analysis and design. For instance, transport properties are needed up to 500 K for hydrogen fuel cell operation using PEMs. The properties may be conveniently represented as a function of the quantity of moisture by weight in grams of water per kilogram of dry hydrogen. The most recent values of viscosity of hydrogen based on a full quantum-mechanical formalism as well as the viscosity of water based on a new international formulation were used to calculate the effective viscosity of hydrogen-water mixture for constant pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 1 MPa, respectively, in the temperature range from 340 K to 500 K and in the range of water vapor concentrations from 100 grams of water vapor per kilogram of dry hydrogen to 100 kilograms of water vapor per kilogram of dry hydrogen. The results show that the effective viscosity of a hydrogen-water vapor mixture is not sensitive to the changes in ambient pressure in a PEMFC system. Their relative standard uncertainties are shown to be 0.2 % of the values with a coverage factor k = 2 (confidence level of 95 %). C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, PH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-883-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1149/1.3562457 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BCA08 UT WOS:000309358700004 ER PT J AU Zook, JM Salit, M AF Zook, Justin M. Salit, Marc TI Genomes in a bottle: creating standard reference materials for genomic variation - why, what and how? SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zook, Justin M.; Salit, Marc] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-7596 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 SU 1 MA P31 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 002QH UT WOS:000308546700044 ER PT S AU Osterman, S Diddams, S Quinlan, F Bally, J Ge, J Ycas, G AF Osterman, S. Diddams, S. Quinlan, F. Bally, J. Ge, J. Ycas, G. BE Martin, EL Ge, J Lin, W TI A near infrared laser frequency comb for high precision Doppler planet surveys SO RESEARCH, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF BROWN DWARFS AND EXOPLANETS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Occasion of a Total Eclipse of the Sun CY JUL 20-24, 2009 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Shanghai Astronom Observ, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China, Nanjing Inst Astronom Opt & Technol, Univ Sci & Technol China, Purple Mt Observ ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; SUPER-EARTHS; CALIBRATION; GLIESE-581; SEQUENCE; MODEL AB Perhaps the most exciting area of astronomical research today is the study of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems, engaging the imagination not just of the astronomical community, but of the general population. Astronomical instrumentation has matured to the level where it is possible to detect terrestrial planets orbiting distant stars via radial velocity (RV) measurements, with the most stable visible light spectrographs reporting RV results the order of 1m/s. This, however, is an order of magnitude away from the precision needed to detect an Earth analog orbiting a star such as our sun, the Holy Grail of these efforts. By performing these observations in near infrared (NIR) there is the potential to simplify the search for distant terrestrial planets by studying cooler, less massive, much more numerous class M stars, with a tighter habitable zone and correspondingly larger RV signal. This NIR advantage is undone by the lack of a suitable high precision, high stability wavelength standard, limiting NIR RV measurements to tens or hundreds of m/s [1, 2]. With the improved spectroscopic precision provided by a laser frequency comb based wavelength reference producing a set of bright, densely and uniformly spaced lines, it will be possible to achieve up to two orders of magnitude improvement in RV precision, limited only by the precision and sensitivity of existing spectrographs, enabling the observation of Earth analogs through RV measurements. We discuss the laser frequency comb as an astronomical wavelength reference, and describe progress towards a near infrared laser frequency comb at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at the University of Colorado where we are operating a laser frequency comb suitable for use with a high resolution H band astronomical spectrograph. C1 [Osterman, S.; Bally, J.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Diddams, S.; Quinlan, F.; Ycas, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ge, J.] Univ Florida, Bryant Space Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ycas, G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Osterman, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM steve.osterman@colorado.edu RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU NIST FX Post filter signal amplification and pulse compression, as well as techniques to deliver increased spectral coverage are currently being explored at NIST, with the goal of supporting full H band spectroscopy. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0664-5 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2011 VL 16 AR UNSP 02002 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20111602002 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BBO05 UT WOS:000307650700006 ER PT J AU Dunbar, P Stroker, K McCullough, H AF Dunbar, Paula Stroker, Kelly McCullough, Heather TI Do the 2010 Haiti and Chile earthquakes and tsunamis indicate increasing trends? (vol 1, pg 95, 2010) SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Correction C1 [Dunbar, Paula; Stroker, Kelly; McCullough, Heather] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Geophys & Marine Geol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dunbar, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Geophys & Marine Geol, NOAA E GC3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 94 EP 94 DI 10.1080/19475705.2011.558719 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 982QI UT WOS:000307060100006 ER PT J AU Dunbar, P McCullough, H Mungov, G Varner, J Stroker, K AF Dunbar, Paula McCullough, Heather Mungov, George Varner, Jesse Stroker, Kelly TI 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami data available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center SO GEOMATICS NATURAL HAZARDS & RISK LA English DT Article AB On 11 March 2011, at 05: 46: 24 UTC, a magnitude 9.0 Mw earthquake occurred near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. The earthquake generated a tsunami with wave heights up to 38.9 m. The earthquake and tsunami caused almost 20,000 deaths and missing in Japan. The tsunami was observed all over the Pacific Ocean and caused additional deaths in Indonesia and California, USA. The earthquake and tsunami also caused the worst nuclear emergency since Chernobyl. The damage costs resulting from the earthquake and tsunami in Japan will be between 16 and 25 trillion yen. The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and co-located World Data Center for Geophysics maintain a global historical event database of tsunamis, significant earthquakes, and significant volcanic eruptions (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazards/). As of 3 October 2011, NGDC has collected 288 tide gauge observations, 34 Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART (R)) and bottom pressure recorder (BPR) station observations, and over 5,000 eyewitness reports and post-tsunami field survey measurements. These data will be useful for understanding and modelling tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation on land. C1 [Dunbar, Paula; McCullough, Heather; Mungov, George; Varner, Jesse; Stroker, Kelly] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Geophys, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stroker, Kelly] JCOMMOPS, UNESCO, IOC, JCOMM Situ Observing Platform Support Ctr, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. RP Dunbar, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, World Data Ctr Geophys, NOAA E GC3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paula.dunbar@noaa.gov RI McCullough, Heather/B-3138-2009 OI McCullough, Heather/0000-0002-1468-9625 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1947-5705 J9 GEOMAT NAT HAZ RISK JI Geomat. Nat. Hazards Risk PY 2011 VL 2 IS 4 BP 305 EP 323 DI 10.1080/19475705.2011.632443 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 982QO UT WOS:000307060700001 ER PT S AU Barkan, S Saveliev, VD Feng, LY Takahashi, M Damron, EV Tull, C Sterbinsky, GE Woicik, JC AF Barkan, Shaul Saveliev, Valeri D. Feng, Liangyuan Takahashi, Masanori Damron, Elena V. Tull, Carolyn Sterbinsky, George E. Woicik, Joseph C. GP IEEE TI A Very Large Area (100 mm(2)) Silicon Drift Detector for EXAFS Applications SO 2011 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors CY OCT 23-29, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc (IEEE NPSS) AB A 100 mm(2) silicon drift detector (SDD) has been developed in an effort to improve the solid angle of our Vortex (R) SDD. The 100 mm(2) SDD features the same basic structure as our smaller area (50 mm(2)) devices and possesses the same advantages, including low noise, high count rates, and excellent energy resolution with thermoelectric cooling. The 100 mm(2) SDD is ideal for low or high count rate applications in which the x-rays of interest are occurring over a large solid angle, such as are encountered in TXRF (total reflection x-ray ray fluorescence), EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) and other synchrotron applications. The new 100 mm(2) SDD has been evaluated in an EXAFS experiment at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which investigated the local atomic structure surrounding Mn in a LaMnO3/SrMnO3 superlattice. Results show that the new large area SDD delivers excellent energy resolution, high peak-to-background and significantly reduces the data collection time for these types of sensitive EXAFS measurements. C1 [Barkan, Shaul; Saveliev, Valeri D.; Feng, Liangyuan; Takahashi, Masanori; Damron, Elena V.; Tull, Carolyn] SII NanoTechnol USA Inc, Northridge, CA 91324 USA. [Sterbinsky, George E.; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barkan, S (reprint author), SII NanoTechnol USA Inc, Northridge, CA 91324 USA. EM sbarkan@siintusa.com; gsterbinsky@bnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4673-0120-6 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2011 BP 569 EP 571 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAM64 UT WOS:000304755600119 ER PT S AU Maslar, JE Kimes, WA Sperling, BA AF Maslar, J. E. Kimes, W. A. Sperling, B. A. BE Elam, JW Londergan, A VanDerStraten, O Roozeboom, F DeGendt, S Bent, SF Delabie, A TI In Situ Gas Phase Diagnostics for Titanium Nitride Atomic Layer Deposition SO ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION APPLICATIONS 7 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications/220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 10-12, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Air Liquide, Appl Mat, Cambridge NanoTech, Gelest, Tokyo Electron, Dielect Sci & Technol, Elect & Photon ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; HAFNIUM TETRAKIS(ETHYLMETHYLAMIDE); INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)TITANIUM; PRECURSORS; SPECTRA; AMMONIA; GROWTH; TIN AB This report describes the performance of a technique for the simultaneous, rapid measurement of major gas phase species present during titanium nitride thermal atomic layer deposition involving tetrakis(dimethylamido) titanium (TDMAT) and ammonia. In this chemical system, the three primary gas phase species are the two reactants, TDMAT and ammonia, and the reaction product, dimethyl amine. For the measurement of these three species, a direct absorption method based on a broadband infrared source with two different mid-infrared bandpass filters and utilizing amplitude modulation and synchronous detection was developed. By splitting the optical beam exiting the deposition chamber and selecting appropriate filters, all three species could be monitored simultaneously. It is also demonstrated that the high time resolution of this technique permits the observation of differences in the delivery into and removal from the deposition chamber of both TDMAT and ammonia with different carrier gases. C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Kimes, W. A.; Sperling, B. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-256-1 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 41 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1149/1.3633664 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BAX20 UT WOS:000305937200016 ER PT J AU Burns, DT Allisy-Roberts, PJ Desrosiers, MF Sharpe, PHG Pimpinella, M Lourenco, V Zhang, YL Miller, A Generalova, V Sochor, V AF Burns, D. T. Allisy-Roberts, P. J. Desrosiers, M. F. Sharpe, P. H. G. Pimpinella, M. Lourenco, V. Zhang, Y. L. Miller, A. Generalova, V. Sochor, V. TI Supplementary comparison CCRI(I)-S2 of standards for absorbed dose to water in Co-60 gamma radiation at radiation processing dose levels SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID DOSE/DOSE-RATE DEPENDENCE; ELECTRON-BEAM RADIATION; EPR DOSIMETRY SYSTEM; FRICKE AB Eight national standards for absorbed dose to water in Co-60 gamma radiation at the dose levels used in radiation processing have been compared over the range from 1 kGy to 30 kGy using the alanine dosimeters of the NIST and the NPL as the transfer dosimeters. The comparison was organized by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, who also participated at the lowest dose level using their radiotherapy-level standard for the same quantity. The national standards are in general agreement within the standard uncertainties, which are in the range from 1 to 2 parts in 10(2). Evidence of a dose rate effect is presented and discussed briefly. C1 [Burns, D. T.; Allisy-Roberts, P. J.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Desrosiers, M. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sharpe, P. H. G.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Pimpinella, M.] Ist Nazl Metrol Radiaz Ionizzanti, Rome, Italy. [Lourenco, V.] CEA, LIST, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zhang, Y. L.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Miller, A.] Riso DTU, Riso High Dose Reference Lab, Roskilde, Denmark. [Generalova, V.] Inst Phys Tech & Radiotech Measurements, Moscow, Russia. [Sochor, V.] Czech Metrol Inst, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Burns, DT (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM dburns@bipm.org RI Lourenco, Valerie/E-2174-2012 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 06009 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/06009 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400056 ER PT J AU Gottwald, A Richter, M Shaw, PS Li, Z Arp, U AF Gottwald, A. Richter, M. Shaw, P-S Li, Z. Arp, U. TI Bilateral NIST-PTB Comparison of Spectral Responsivity in the VUV SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION-FACILITY; X-RAY RANGE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CRYOGENIC RADIOMETRY; SILICON PHOTODIODES; IRRADIATION; STABILITY; METROLOGY; SCALE AB To compare the calibration capabilities for the spectral responsivity in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectral region between 135 nm and 250 nm, PTB and NIST agreed on a bilateral comparison. Calibrations of semiconductor photodiodes as transfer detectors were performed using monochromatized synchrotron radiation and cryogenic electrical substitution radiometers as primary detector standards. Great importance was attached to the selection of suitable transfer detector standards due to their critical issues in that wavelength regime. The uncertainty budgets were evaluated in detail. The comparison showed a reasonable agreement between the participants. However, it got obvious that the uncertainty level for this comparison cannot easily be further reduced due to the lack of sufficiently radiation-hard and long-term stable transfer standard detectors. C1 [Gottwald, A.; Richter, M.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Shaw, P-S; Li, Z.; Arp, U.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gottwald, A (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM alexander.gottwald@ptb.de NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 02001 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/02001 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400038 ER PT J AU Guenther, FR Kelley, ME Mitchell, GD Salas, MDA Delgado, JK Murillo, FR Caballero, VMS Castorena, AP Shinji, U Ciecior, D da Cunha, VS Augusto, CR Ribeiro, CC Fioravante, AD Dias, F Sang-Hyub, O Mace, T Sutour, C Buki, T Qiao, H Botha, A Mogale, DM Tshilongo, J Ntsasa, N Mphamo, T Uprichard, I Milton, M Vargha, G Brookes, C Johri, P Valkova, IM Konopelko, L Kustikov, Y Pankratov, VV Rumyantsev, DV Pavlov, MV Gromova, EV van der Veen, A van Otterloo, P Wessel, RM AF Guenther, Franklin R. Kelley, Michael E. Mitchell, Gerald D. Avila Salas, Manuel de Jesus Koelliker Delgado, Jorge Rangel Murillo, Francisco Serrano Caballero, Victor M. Perez Castorena, Alejandro Shinji, Uehara Ciecior, Dariusz da Cunha, Valnei Smarcaro Augusto, Cristiane Rodrigues Ribeiro, Claudia Cipriano Fioravante, Andreia de Lima Dias, Florbela Sang-Hyub, Oh Mace, Tatiana Sutour, Christophe Bueki, Tamas Qiao, Han Botha, Angelique Mogale, David M. Tshilongo, James Ntsasa, Napo Mphamo, Tshepiso Uprichard, Ian Milton, Martin Vargha, Gergely Brookes, Chris Johri, Prabha Valkova, Ing Miroslava Konopelko, Leonid Kustikov, Yury Pankratov, V. V. Rumyantsev, D. V. Pavlov, M. V. Gromova, E. V. van der Veen, Adriaan van Otterloo, Peter Wessel, Rob. M. TI International Comparison CCQM-K76: Sulfur Dioxide in Nitrogen SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Guenther, Franklin R.; Kelley, Michael E.; Mitchell, Gerald D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Avila Salas, Manuel de Jesus; Koelliker Delgado, Jorge; Rangel Murillo, Francisco; Serrano Caballero, Victor M.; Perez Castorena, Alejandro] Ctr Nacl Metrol CENAM, Queretaro 76246, Mexico. [Shinji, Uehara] CERI, Sugito, Saitama 3450043, Japan. [Ciecior, Dariusz] GUM, Cent Off Measures, PL-200139 Warsaw, Poland. [da Cunha, Valnei Smarcaro; Augusto, Cristiane Rodrigues; Ribeiro, Claudia Cipriano; Fioravante, Andreia de Lima] Normalizacao Qualidade Ind INMETRO, Inst Nacl Metrol, Xerem Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Dias, Florbela] IPQ, P-2829513 Caparica, Portugal. [Sang-Hyub, Oh] KRISS, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Mace, Tatiana; Sutour, Christophe] Lab Natl Metrol & Essais LNE, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Bueki, Tamas] Hungarian Trade Licensing Off MKEH, H-1124 Budapest, Hungary. [Qiao, Han] NIM, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Botha, Angelique; Mogale, David M.; Tshilongo, James; Ntsasa, Napo; Mphamo, Tshepiso] CSIR, NMISA, ZA-0184 Pretoria, South Africa. [Uprichard, Ian; Milton, Martin; Vargha, Gergely; Brookes, Chris] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Johri, Prabha] NPLI, New Delhi 110012, India. [Valkova, Ing Miroslava] Slovak Inst Metrol, SK-84255 Bratislava, Slovakia. [Konopelko, Leonid; Kustikov, Yury; Pankratov, V. V.; Rumyantsev, D. V.; Pavlov, M. V.; Gromova, E. V.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol VNIIM, St Petersburg 190005, Russia. [van der Veen, Adriaan; van Otterloo, Peter; Wessel, Rob. M.] VSL, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. RP Guenther, FR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 08015 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/08015 PG 61 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400103 ER PT J AU Kessler, C Burns, DT O'Brien, M AF Kessler, C. Burns, D. T. O'Brien, M. TI Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the NIST, USA and the BIPM in mammography x-rays SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB A first key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NIST and the BIPM in mammography x-ray beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the combined standard uncertainty of 3.2 parts in 10(3). The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence for entry in the BIPM key comparison database. C1 [Kessler, C.; Burns, D. T.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [O'Brien, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kessler, C (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 06014 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/06014 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400061 ER PT J AU Lee, J Lee, J Moon, D Kim, JS Wessel, R Aoki, N Kato, K Guenther, F Rhoderick, G Konopelko, LA Han, Q Hall, B AF Lee, Jinbok Lee, Jeongsoon Moon, Dongmin Kim, Jin Seog Wessel, Rob Aoki, Nobuyuki Kato, Kenji Guenther, Frank Rhoderick, George Konopelko, L. A. Han, Qiao Hall, Brad TI CCQM-K68 Final Report International Comparison CCQM K68 Nitrous Oxide in synthetic air SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lee, Jinbok; Lee, Jeongsoon; Moon, Dongmin; Kim, Jin Seog] KRISS, Div Metrol Qual Life, Taejon, South Korea. [Wessel, Rob] VSL, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. [Aoki, Nobuyuki; Kato, Kenji] NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Guenther, Frank; Rhoderick, George] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Konopelko, L. A.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, Rostekhregulirovaniye Russia VNIIM, Dept State Stand Field Phys Chem Measurements, St Petersburg 198005, Russia. [Han, Qiao] NIM, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Lee, J (reprint author), KRISS, Div Metrol Qual Life, POB 102, Taejon, South Korea. FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [RACS_2010_1004]; National Agenda Program (NAP) FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant RACS_2010_1004 and National Agenda Program (NAP). NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 08004 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/08004 PG 44 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400089 ER PT J AU Minniti, R Czap, L AF Minniti, Ronaldo Czap, Ladislav TI Comparison of the air kerma standards for Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma-ray beams between the IAEA and the NIST SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB A comparison of the air kerma standards for Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma ray beams was performed between the NIST and the IAEA. Two reference class ionization chambers owned by the IAEA were used as part of this comparison and were calibrated at each facility. The calibration coefficients, N-K, were determined for both chambers and in both gamma-ray beams. The measurements were performed at the IAEA and NIST facilities starting in the fall of 2009 and were completed in 2010. The comparison ratio of the calibration coefficients for each chamber, N-K,N-IAEA/N-K,N-NIST, between the IAEA and NIST were 0.999 and 0.997 for the Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma ray beams respectively. The relative standard uncertainty for each of these ratios is 0.5 %. C1 [Minniti, Ronaldo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Czap, Ladislav] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. RP Minniti, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 06005 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/06005 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400052 ER PT J AU Roberts, NJ Jones, LN Wang, Z Liu, Y Wang, Q Chen, X Luo, H Rong, C Kralik, M Park, H Choi, KO Pereira, WW da Fonseca, ES Cassette, P Dewey, MS Moiseev, NN Kharitonov, IA AF Roberts, N. J. Jones, L. N. Wang, Z. Liu, Y. Wang, Q. Chen, X. Luo, H. Rong, C. Kralik, M. Park, H. Choi, K. O. Pereira, W. W. da Fonseca, E. S. Cassette, P. Dewey, M. S. Moiseev, N. N. Kharitonov, I. A. TI INTERNATIONAL KEY COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS OF NEUTRON SOURCE EMISSION RATE (1999-2005) - CCRI(III)-K9.AmBe SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB Section III (neutron measurements) of the Comite Consultatif des Rayonnements Ionisants, CCRI, conducted a key comparison of primary measurements of the neutron emission rate of an Am-241-Be(alpha,n) radionuclide source. A single Am-241-Be(alpha,n) source was circulated to all the participants between 1999 and 2005. Eight laboratories participated - the CIAE (China), CMI (Czech Republic), KRISS (Republic of Korea), LNMRI (Brazil), LNE-LNHB (France), NIST (USA), NPL (UK), and the VNIIM (Russian Federation) - with the NPL making their measurements at the start and repeating them near the end of the exercise to verify the stability of the source. Each laboratory reported the emission rate into 4 pi sr together with a detailed uncertainty budget. All participants used the manganese bath technique, with the VNIIM also making measurements using an associated particle technique. The CMI, KRISS, VNIIM, and later the NPL, also measured the anisotropy of the source although this was not a formal part of the comparison. The first draft report was released in May 2006 and having been discussed and modified by the participants and subsequently reviewed by the CCRI(III), the present paper is now the final report of the comparison. C1 [Roberts, N. J.; Jones, L. N.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. [Wang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Q.; Chen, X.; Luo, H.; Rong, C.] CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kralik, M.] CMI, Prague, Czech Republic. [Park, H.; Choi, K. O.] KRISS, Taejon, South Korea. [Pereira, W. W.; da Fonseca, E. S.] Natl Lab Metrol Ionizing Radiat LNMRI, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cassette, P.] Lab Natl Henri Becquerel LNE LNHB, Paris, France. [Dewey, M. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moiseev, N. N.; Kharitonov, I. A.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol VNIIM, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Roberts, NJ (reprint author), NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. EM neil.roberts@npl.co.uk NR 13 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 06018 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/06018 PG 35 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400065 ER PT J AU Spitzer, P Adel, B Meyer, J Matzke, J Gonzaga, FB Borges, PP Dias, JC Hongyu, X Bing, W Jakobsen, PT Champion, R Ohata, M Maksimov, I Hioki, A Vyskocil, L Mariassy, M Pratt, K AF Spitzer, P. Adel, B. Meyer, J. Matzke, J. Gonzaga, F. B. Borges, P. P. Dias, J. C. Hongyu, X. Bing, W. Jakobsen, P. T. Champion, R. Ohata, M. Maksimov, I. Hioki, A. Vyskocil, L. Mariassy, M. Pratt, K. TI Final report on CCQM-K19.1: pH of borate buffer SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB The subsequent key comparison CCQM-K19.1 has been carried out in 2010 as a follow-up comparison to CCQM-K19. Three laboratories (NMIJ, PTB and SMU) took part in both comparisons. Their results are consistent. The assigned uncertainties are reliable and in the same order. These results provide the link to CCQM-K19. As well as the original comparison the subsequent key comparison was organised to demonstrate the capability of the interested National Metrology Institutes to measure the pH value of an unknown borate buffer by a primary method at 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Eight laboratories took part in CCQM-K19.1. The participants either were not able to participate in the original comparison or participate only in the Pilot Study CCQM-P82 running in parallel to CCQM-K19. In one case the laboratory expressed doubts on the integrity of the sample provided in CCQM-K19. The result in CCQM-K19.1 is the acidity function at zero chloride molality, AF(0) of the unknown borate buffer solution. Most participants in the key comparison CCQM-K19.1 demonstrated improved capabilities. This especially applies for the laboratories original taken part in the pilot study CCQM-P82. In some cases previous results could be confirmed. The hidden reasons for that have still to be clarified. C1 [Spitzer, P.; Adel, B.; Meyer, J.; Matzke, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Arbeitsgrp 3 13, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Gonzaga, F. B.; Borges, P. P.; Dias, J. C.] Natl Inst Metrol Stand & Ind Qual, Div Metrol Quim, BR-25250020 Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Hongyu, X.; Bing, W.] Natl Inst Metrol, Div Metrol Chem 18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu 100013, Beijng, Peoples R China. [Jakobsen, P. T.] Danish Inst Fundamental Metrol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Champion, R.] Lab Natl Essais, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Ohata, M.; Maksimov, I.; Hioki, A.] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Vyskocil, L.; Mariassy, M.] Slovensky Metrol Ustav, Bratislava 84255, Slovakia. [Pratt, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spitzer, P (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Arbeitsgrp 3 13, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RI Borges, Paulo/A-1878-2014 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 08010 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/08010 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400097 ER PT J AU van Andel, I Becerra, LO Bich, W Bogdanov, V Chung, JW Davidson, S Fen, KMK Fuchs, P Glaser, M Hong, Y Jabbour, ZJ Jacques, C Kumar, A Loayza, VM Madec, T Medina, N Ooiwa, A Richard, P Snegov, V Spurny, R Wisniewski, W AF van Andel, I. Becerra, L. O. Bich, W. Bogdanov, V. Chung, J. W. Davidson, S. Fen, K. M. K. Fuchs, P. Glaeser, M. Hong, Y. Jabbour, Z. J. Jacques, C. Kumar, A. Loayza, V. M. Madec, T. Medina, N. Ooiwa, A. Richard, P. Snegov, V. Spurny, R. Wisniewski, W. TI Report on CIPM key comparison of the second phase of multiples and submultiples of the kilogram (CCM.M-K5) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB In order to show equivalence of mass standard determination among NMIs of CIPM member countries, key comparisons of mass standards have been carried out under the auspices of the Comite Consultatif pour la Masse et les Grandeurs Apparantees (CCM). At each NMI, mass standards are derived from one kilogram by means of the multiples and submultiples methods. The pilot laboratory, NMIJ, prepared five sets of transfer standards. Any set of transfer standard consists of five pairs of mass standards with nominal values of 200 mg, 1 g, 50 g, 200 g and 2 kg. The nominated twenty participants have been divided into four groups and the corresponding four sets of transfer standards have been circulated within the groups simultaneously while remaining one set has been kept at the pilot laboratory for the stability evaluation. The pilot laboratory measured the volumes, the centres of gravity and the magnetic properties, susceptibilities or magnetism, of the standards before the circulation and has reported these values to the participants. The pilot laboratory has also verified the stability of all travelling standards in advance. Nineteen laboratories have reported final results to the pilot. Nine participants belong to EURAMET, three belong to COOMET but two of them also belong to EURAMET, four belong to SIM, and five belong to APMP. Table 2 shows all the results associated with their uncertainties reported by the participants. As shown in the table 3 the majority of the instabilities of the transfer standards during their circulation were less than claimed uncertainties of the participants except for few standards of small mass, 1 g and 200 mg. These instabilities are considered for uncertainty evaluation within the group. All reported results among different groups have been linked based on the average values of transfer standards before and after the circulation. Figure 3 to 7 show the comparison results of all the participants for five nominal mass values respectively. The plotted results are expressed in relation to the median as reference values. Tables 10 to 19 show the differences and associated expanded uncertainties referred to a confidence level of 95% between any combination of the laboratories in the form of matrices. They show few outliers, one at 2 kg and 200 g, three at 50 g, and two at 200mg. C1 [van Andel, I.] VSL, Delft, Netherlands. [Becerra, L. O.] CENAM Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro, DF, Mexico. [Bich, W.] INRIM Natl Inst Metrol Res, Turin, Italy. [Bogdanov, V.; Snegov, V.] VNIIM DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg, Russia. [Chung, J. W.] KRISS, Taejon, South Korea. [Davidson, S.] NPL, New Delhi, India. [Fen, K. M. K.] NMI, Lindfield, NSW, Australia. [Fuchs, P.; Richard, P.] METAS Fed Off Metrol, Bern, Switzerland. [Glaeser, M.] PTB, Berlin, Germany. [Hong, Y.] NIM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Jabbour, Z. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Jacques, C.] CNR, NRC Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Kumar, A.] NPL, New Delhi, India. [Loayza, V. M.] INMETRO Inst Nacl Metrol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Madec, T.] LNE Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Paris, France. [Medina, N.] CEM, Andalucia, Spain. [Ooiwa, A.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Spurny, R.] SMU Slovak Inst Metrol, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Wisniewski, W.] GUM Cent Off Measures, Warsaw, Poland. RP van Andel, I (reprint author), VSL, Delft, Netherlands. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 07008 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/07008 PG 40 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400078 ER PT J AU Viallon, J Moussay, P Idrees, F Wielgosz, R Norris, JE Guenther, FR AF Viallon, Joele Moussay, Philippe Idrees, Faraz Wielgosz, Robert Norris, James E. Guenther, Franklin R. TI Final report, Ongoing Key Comparison BIPM.QM-K1, Ozone at ambient level, comparison with NIST, (June 2009) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol. C1 [Viallon, Joele; Moussay, Philippe; Idrees, Faraz; Wielgosz, Robert] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Norris, James E.; Guenther, Franklin R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Viallon, J (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM jviallon@bipm.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 08006 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/08006 PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400093 ER PT J AU Westwood, S Josephs, R Choteau, T Mesquida, C Daireaux, A Wielgosz, R Davies, S Windust, A Kang, M Ting, H Kato, K Frias, E Perez, M Apps, P Fernandes-Whaley, M Wiangnon, K Ruangrittinon, N Wood, S LeGoff, T Duewer, D Schantz, M Siekmann, L Esker, J AF Westwood, S. Josephs, R. Choteau, T. Mesquida, C. Daireaux, A. Wielgosz, R. Davies, S. Windust, A. Kang, M. Ting, H. Kato, K. Frias, E. Perez, M. Apps, P. Fernandes-Whaley, M. Wiangnon, K. Ruangrittinon, N. Wood, S. LeGoff, T. Duewer, D. Schantz, M. Siekmann, L. Esker, J. TI An international comparison of mass fraction purity assignment of digoxin: The Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) Pilot Study CCQM-P20.f (Digoxin) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB Under the auspices of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) a laboratory comparison, CCQM-P20.f, was co-ordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2007/2008. Nine national measurement institutes, four expert laboratories and the BIPM participated in the comparison. Participants were required to assign the mass fraction of digoxin present as the main component in the comparison sample (CCQM-P20.f) which consisted of digoxin material obtained from a commercial supplier stated to comply with USP requirements. In addition to assigning the mass fraction content of digoxin for the material, participants were requested, but not obliged, to provide mass fraction estimates for the minor components they identified in each sample. In contrast with the previous round of the CCQM-P20 series, in which the mass fraction content of theophylline in two comparison samples (CCQM-P20. e. 1 and CCQM-P20. e. 2) was determined, a wider range of results were reported for the mass fraction content of digoxin in the CCQM-P20.f comparison. A minority of participants did not appear to use conditions capable of fully resolving and/or quantifying the major related structure impurities present in the comparison sample. Among those that did achieve suitable separations, there was further variation in their reported quantifications of the individual and total related substance content which reflected in part the limited availability of reference standards for these materials and the resulting assumptions that had to be made regarding the structure and response factors relative to digoxin for each individual impurity. This was particularly relevant because of the span of molecular masses of the impurities present in the sample, which ranged from aglycones to glycones with tetrameric carbohydrate chains, relative to that of digoxin. A significant additional factor also contributed to the observed variation of results. Unlike the CCQM-P20.e samples, in which the major impurities were solely related structure organic compounds, the CCQM-P20.f study material contained significant levels of residual organic solvents (ethanol, dichloromethane and to a lesser extent toluene). The majority of participants failed to detect and allow for the presence of this class of impurity, introducing a bias towards overestimation of digoxin content in most of the individual results. However, the uncertainty budgets produced by several participants were sufficiently conservative such that their reported results were nevertheless consistent with the reference value for digoxin content assigned using a consensus mass balance approach. The results of the comparison reinforces the conclusion from previous rounds of the CCQM-P20 study that care in developing and validating the suitability of the chromatographic separation method used to resolve the main component from the related structure impurities present is essential to obtaining reliable, comparable results when using the mass balance approach to estimate purity. This specific comparison has demonstrated that, in addition to developing an appropriate chromatographic separation, it is also important to use complementary techniques capable of detecting all potential orthogonal classes of impurities if it is desired to demonstrate a general capability to assign purity with a small (<0.2 % relative) standard uncertainty. C1 [Westwood, S.; Josephs, R.; Choteau, T.; Mesquida, C.; Daireaux, A.; Wielgosz, R.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [Davies, S.] NMIA Natl Measurement Inst, Pymble, Australia. [Windust, A.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Kang, M.; Ting, H.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Frias, E.; Perez, M.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, CENAM, Queretaro, Mexico. [Apps, P.; Fernandes-Whaley, M.] Natl Metrol Inst S Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. [Wiangnon, K.; Ruangrittinon, N.] Natl Inst Metrol Thailand, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Wood, S.; LeGoff, T.] LGC Ltd, Teddington, Middx, England. [Duewer, D.; Schantz, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Siekmann, L.] DGKL Reference Inst Bioanal Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [Esker, J.] USP US Pharmacopeia Reference Stand Lab, Rockville, MD USA. RP Westwood, S (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2011 VL 48 SU S AR 08013 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/48/1A/08013 PG 30 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 945ZR UT WOS:000304317400101 ER PT S AU Shrestha, P Ochia, A Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Baumgart, H Harris, G AF Shrestha, P. Ochia, A. Cheung, K. P. Campbell, J. P. Baumgart, H. Harris, G. BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Houssa, M Misra, D TI High Speed Switching Characteristics of Pt/Ta2O5/Cu Memristive Switch SO PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH-K MATERIALS 9 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on High Dielectric Constant and Other Dielectric Materials for Nanoelectronics and Photonics/220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 10-12, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, Electrochem Soc AB Accurate measurements of the transient details of switching a memristive switch are crucial to the elucidation of the switching mechanism. Such high-speed measurements are often plagued by artifacts. Here we describe a measurement technique capable of capturing the Set/Reset characteristics of memristive switches with high accuracy. This technique can accurately measure the transient current during the Set/Reset operation with rise times as short as 2 ns. The circuit is designed to cycle through (Set/Reset) and sense (read the state) rapidly in order to enable the study of endurance. The sense circuit is capable to measure currents as low as 30pA yielding accurate measurements of the resistance in the off state up to 1.6G Omega. Solid electrolyte Pt/Ta2O5/Cu memristive switches are examined that exhibit ON and OFF state resistance (R-on and R-off) ratios of >10(4) and endurance cycles of >6x10(4). C1 [Shrestha, P.; Ochia, A.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shrestha, P (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-257-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 41 IS 3 BP 461 EP 467 DI 10.1149/1.3633062 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BAM26 UT WOS:000304670400048 ER PT J AU Heavner, TP Barlow, S Weiss, MA Ashby, N Jefferts, SR AF Heavner, Thomas P. Barlow, Stephan Weiss, Marc A. Ashby, Neil Jefferts, Steven R. GP ION TI A Laser-Cooled Frequency Standard for GPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 20-23, 2010 CL Portland, OR SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB Our group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is in the initial phase of developing a prototype laser-cooled atomic frequency standard (AFS) for potential use in a future global positioning system (GPS) system. The expected fractional frequency stability or Allan deviation, sigma(y)(tau), will be 2 x 10(-13) at one second, improving as the square-root of the averaging time to 7 x 10(-16) at one day. This corresponds to an expected time dispersion of 0.060 ns at one day, or 0.02 m of user range error (URE). We discuss the design and development process underway at NIST, as well as capabilities enabled by this AFS in GPS. C1 [Heavner, Thomas P.; Barlow, Stephan; Weiss, Marc A.; Ashby, Neil; Jefferts, Steven R.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heavner, TP (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2011 BP 2946 EP 2949 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BAF73 UT WOS:000304032002102 ER PT B AU Forbrich, J Wolk, SJ Gudel, M Benz, A Osten, R Linsky, JL McLean, M Loinard, L Berger, E AF Forbrich, Jan Wolk, Scott J. Guedel, Manuel Benz, Arnold Osten, Rachel Linsky, Jeffrey L. McLean, Margaret Loinard, Laurent Berger, Edo BE JohnsKrull, CMJ Browning, MK West, AA TI The Radio-X-ray Relation in Cool Stars: Are We Headed Toward a Divorce? SO 16TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY AUG 28-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Washington, Seattle, WA SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA Astrobiol Inst, European Space Agcy, Astrophys Res Consortium/Apache Point Observ, Univ Washington Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Washington Dept Astron HO Univ Washington ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-FLARES; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION; MICROWAVE EMISSION; CORONAL STRUCTURE; MAIN-SEQUENCE; AR LACERTAE; BROWN DWARF AB This splinter session was devoted to reviewing our current knowledge of correlated X-ray and radio emission from cool stars in order to prepare for new large radio observatories such as the EVLA. A key interest was to discuss why the X-ray and radio luminosities of some cool stars are in clear breach of a correlation that holds for other active stars, the so-called Gudel-Benz relation. This article summarizes the contributions whereas the actual presentations can be accessed on the splinter website(1). C1 [Forbrich, Jan; Wolk, Scott J.; McLean, Margaret; Berger, Edo] Harvard Smithsonian CfA, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Guedel, Manuel] Univ Vienna, Dept Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Benz, Arnold] ETH, Astron Inst, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Osten, Rachel] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Loinard, Laurent] Univ Natl Autonoma, Centro Radioastron Astrofis, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. RP Forbrich, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian CfA, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-776-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 448 BP 455 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BAK14 UT WOS:000304381600045 ER PT J AU West, CF Wischniowski, S Johnston, C AF West, Catherine F. Wischniowski, Stephen Johnston, Christopher BE Moss, ML Cannon, A TI Little Ice Age Climate Gadus macrocephalus Otoliths as a Measure of Local Variability SO ARCHAEOLOGY OF NORTH PACIFIC FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISH OTOLITHS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; STABLE-ISOTOPE; ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; COASTAL; OXYGEN; CALIBRATION; RATIOS; GULF C1 [West, Catherine F.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wischniowski, Stephen] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA USA. [Johnston, Christopher] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP West, CF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-60223-147-4 PY 2011 BP 31 EP 44 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BZF34 UT WOS:000301354700003 ER PT B AU Moody, D AF Moody, Dustin BE Leykin, A TI Division Polynomials for Jacobi Quartic Curves SO ISSAC 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 36TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYMBOLIC AND ALGEBRAIC COMPUTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation CY JUN 08-11, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP ACM SIGSAM DE Algorithms; Elliptic Curves; Division Polynomials ID ELLIPTIC-CURVES AB In this paper we find division polynomials for Jacobi guartics. These curves are an alternate model for elliptic curves to the more common Weierstrass equation. Division polynomials for Weierstrass curves are well known, and the division polynomials we find are analogues for Jacobi quartics. Using the division polynomials, we show recursive formulas for the n-th multiple of a point on the quartic curve. As an application, we prove a type of mean-value theorem for Jacobi quartics. These results can be extended to other models of elliptic curves, namely, Jacobi intersections and Huff curves. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moody, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dbmoody25@gmail.com NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-0675-1 PY 2011 BP 265 EP 272 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BAI61 UT WOS:000304280600038 ER PT S AU Jungbluth, G Fulton, R Moodie, L Seymour, P Williams, M Wolf, L Zhang, JS AF Jungbluth, George Fulton, Richard Moodie, Linda Seymour, Paul Williams, Mike Wolf, Lothar Zhang, Jiashen BE Sinha, AK Arctur, D Jackson, I Gundersen, LC TI GEONETCast: Global satellite data dissemination and the technical and social challenges SO SOCIETAL CHALLENGES AND GEOINFORMATICS SE Geological Society of America Special Papers LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB GEONETCast is a global, near-real-time, environmental data dissemination system in support of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). The goal of the system is to enable enhanced dissemination, application, and exploitation of environmental data and products for the diverse societal benefits defined by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), including agriculture, energy, health, climate, weather, disaster mitigation, biodiversity, water resources, and ecosystems. The system consists of three regional broadcasts: EUMETCast (operated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites [EUMETSAT], covering Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia and the Americas), CMACast (operated by the China Meteorological Administration [CMA], covering Asia and parts of the Pacific), and GEONETCast Americas (operated by the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], covering North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean). The GEONETCast system uses the Digital Video Broadcast-Satellite (DVB-S) or Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite-Second Generation (DVB-S2) standard over commercial communications satellites and low-cost, off-the-shelf technology to widen the access of new user groups to Earth observation information. C1 [Jungbluth, George; Fulton, Richard; Moodie, Linda] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seymour, Paul] NOAA, NESDIS, Suitland Fed Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Williams, Mike; Wolf, Lothar] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Zhang, Jiashen] China Meterol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Jungbluth, G (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, 1335 EW Highway,SSMC 1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI BOULDER PA 3300 PENROSE PL, PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 USA SN 0072-1077 BN 978-0-8137-2482-9 J9 GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP PY 2011 VL 482 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1130/2011.2482(08) D2 10.1130/9780813724829 PG 9 WC Geology SC Geology GA BYW18 UT WOS:000300632500009 ER PT B AU Solomon, S AF Solomon, Susan BE Jensen, JB Manning, JG Gibbs, MG TI A World of Change: Climate Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE: MAKING CONNECTIONS IN EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2010 CL Geolog Soc Amer, Boulder, CO SP NASA Lunar Sci Inst, IPAC, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, WH Freeman & Co, Collaborat Astron Teach Scholars, Ctr Astron Educ, Sky Skan, NASA, NRAO, Stratopher Observ Infrared Astron, Planck, UnivChicago Press, I Clicker, Aerospace, Capitol Coll, CAPER Team, AAS, Windows Universe, Seiler, Celestron, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Boulder Beer HO Geolog Soc Amer AB In this talk, key evidence for changes in the Earth's climate, and the causes of those changes, will be summarized. Understanding how temperatures are increasing around the world, how ice is melting at the poles, and how rain is changing in the tropics, are among the issues that will be addressed. Observations of the greenhouse gases and aerosols that are the main reasons for these changes will also be discussed. The talk will also cover how our choices will combine with the physics of the climate system to determine how different the climate will be by 2020, 2050, 2100, and beyond. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-766-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2011 VL 443 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BAH68 UT WOS:000304180400007 ER PT J AU Radack, S Kuhn, R AF Radack, Shirley Kuhn, Rick TI Managing Security: The Security Content Automation Protocol SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Article C1 [Radack, Shirley; Kuhn, Rick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Radack, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM radack@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1109/MITP.2011.11 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 946BV UT WOS:000304324600003 ER PT S AU Lass, EA AF Lass, Eric A. BE Brechet, Y Clouet, E Deschamps, A Finel, A Soisson, F TI Hydrogen-Storage Properties of Nanocrystalline Mg-Based Materials Created Through Controlled Devitrification of a Metallic Glass SO SOLID-SOLID PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN INORGANIC MATERIALS, PTS 1-2 SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transformations in Inorganic Materials (PTM 2010) CY JUN 06-11, 2010 CL Avignon, FRANCE SP Mat & Process Sci & Engn Lab, CEA, Tranverse Programme Adv Mat, French Aerospace Lab, Inst Chem, Natl Ctr Sci Res, French Phase Field Network, Lab Etude Microstructures DE Mg-based alloys; metallic glass; hydrogen storage; metal hydride; nanostructured material ID ALLOYS AB Mg-based nanostructured materials with a composition of Mg85Ni15-xMx (M=Y, La, or Pd) have been fabricated by proper alloying additions and controlling the crystallization process of melt spun metallic glass ribbon. XRD suggests that the average crystallite sizes range from 100 nm in the binary materials to <30 nm in the ternary alloys. Hydrogen absorption/desorption measurements show improved properties compared to nanocrystalline alloys fabricated using other processing strategies. Surface treatment of the binary and Pd-containing ribbons by ball milling or submersion in aqueous NH4+ allows the materials to be activated at 473 K, significantly lower than conventional Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. Y and La additions improve the maximum storage capacity. Absorption kinetics are also improved the materials is alloyed with La, while Y slows the reaction kinetics. Some degradation in storage capacity is observed when the materials are exposed to a cyclic absorption/desorption process, likely due to microstructural coarsening. The Mg85Ni10Pd5 composition fully absorbs and desorbs approximate to 5 wt. % H at 473 K, while other bulk Mg-based materials require temperatures in excess of 573 K. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lass, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lass@nist.gov RI Lass, Eric/B-4586-2014 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2011 VL 172-174 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.172-174.947 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BZY35 UT WOS:000303359700147 ER PT S AU Pomeroy, JM Grube, H Sun, PL Lake, RE AF Pomeroy, J. M. Grube, H. Sun, P. L. Lake, R. E. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Fabricated Using Ion Neutralization Energy As A Tool SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos Natl Lab, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE Highly Charged Ions; Magnetic tunnel junctions; Ion-solid interactions ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; SURFACES AB The neutralization energy of highly charged ions (HCIs) is used during the fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) to modify their electrical properties, providing additional flexibility in the devices' properties. While most ion species used in electronic fabrication (e. g., implantation or plasma cleaning/oxidation) have charge q approximate to 1 and negligible neutralization energies, the HCIs utilized in this work are up to q=44 and carry as much as 52 keV per HCI of neutralization energy, ample to modify the chemical and electrical properties of the tunnel barriers at the impact site. Hundreds of MTJ devices have been fabricated, revealing some general characteristics of the HCI modified tunnel junctions: the electrical conductance increases linearly with the number of HCIs used; the conductance added per HCI depends on the initial tunnel barrier thickness and the barrier stoichiometry; the transport is usually tunneling (not Ohmic); and the conductance added by the HCI process can substantially increase the magneto-conductance. Recent experiments (not shown) have also revealed an enormous dependence on the charge state of the HCI used in tunnel barrier irradiation. C1 [Pomeroy, J. M.; Grube, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sun, P. L.] Feng Chia Univ, Dept Materials Sci & Engn, Taichung 40724, Taiwan. [Lake, R. E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Lake, Russell/0000-0002-6077-7036 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1063/1.3586068 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900022 ER PT S AU Silver, E Gillaspy, JD Gokhale, P Kanter, EP Brickhouse, NS Dunford, RW Kirby, K Lin, T McDonald, J Schneider, D Seifert, S Young, L AF Silver, E. Gillaspy, J. D. Gokhale, P. Kanter, E. P. Brickhouse, N. S. Dunford, R. W. Kirby, K. Lin, T. McDonald, J. Schneider, D. Seifert, S. Young, L. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Work Towards Experimental Evidence Of Hard X-Ray Photoionization In Highly Charged Krypton SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Labs, Los Alamos Natl Lab, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE x-rays; photoionization; spectroscopy; EBIT; synchrotron AB Ions of almost any charge state can be produced through electron-impact ionization. Here we describe our first experiments designed to photoionize these highly charged ions with hard x-rays by pairing an electron and photon beam. A spectral line at 12.7(1) keV with an intensity corroborated by theory may be the first evidence of hard x-ray photoionization of a highly charged ion. C1 [Silver, E.; Brickhouse, N. S.; Kirby, K.; Lin, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Gokhale, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kanter, E. P.; Dunford, R. W.; Seifert, S.; Young, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McDonald, J.] George E Wahle, Dept Veterans Affairs Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84148 USA. [Schneider, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Silver, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 FU NASA [NNX08AK33G]; Argonne National Laboratory LDRD FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX08AK33G and an Argonne National Laboratory LDRD grant. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1063/1.3586076 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900030 ER PT S AU Gilliam, DM AF Gilliam, David M. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Statistical Requirements For Pass-Fail Testing Of Contraband Detection Systems SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Labs, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE contraband; detection; statistics; confidence; probability; false alarm AB Contraband detection systems for homeland security applications are typically tested for probability of detection (PD) and probability of false alarm (PFA) using pass-fail testing protocols. Test protocols usually require specified values for PD and PFA to be demonstrated at a specified level of statistical confidence CL. Based on a recent more theoretical treatment of this subject [1], this summary reviews the definition of CL and provides formulas and spreadsheet functions for constructing tables of general test requirements and for determining the minimum number of tests required. The formulas and tables in this article may be generally applied to many other applications of pass-fail testing, in addition to testing of contraband detection systems. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilliam, DM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gilliam@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 173 EP 175 DI 10.1063/1.3586082 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900036 ER PT S AU Heimbach, CR AF Heimbach, Craig R. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL TI Calibration Of A 14 MeV Neutron Generator With Reference To NBS-1 SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY: TWENTY-FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 08-13, 2010 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Univ N Texas, Sandia Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Labs, AccSys Technol Inc, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Natl Electrostat Corp, TDK-Lambda Amer DE neutron; calibration; NBS-1; DT; DD; 14 MeV AB NBS-1 is the US national neutron reference source. It has a neutron emission rate (June 1961) of 1.257x10(6) n/s(1,2,3) with an uncertainty of 0.85% (k=1). Neutron emission-rate calibrations performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are made in comparison to this source, either directly or indirectly. To calibrate a commercial 14 MeV neutron generator, NIST performed a set of comparison measurements to evaluate the neutron output relative to NBS-1. The neutron output of the generator was determined with an uncertainty of about 7% (k=1). The 15-hour half-life of one of the reactions used also makes possible off-site measurements. Consideration is given to similar calibrations for a 2.5 MeV neutron generator. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heimbach, CR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.heimbach@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0891-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1336 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1063/1.3586137 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BZT55 UT WOS:000302912900091 ER PT J AU Ghan, SJ Abdul-Razzak, H Nenes, A Ming, Y Liu, XH Ovchinnikov, M Shipway, B Meskhidze, N Xu, J Shi, XJ AF Ghan, Steven J. Abdul-Razzak, Hayder Nenes, Athanasios Ming, Yi Liu, Xiaohong Ovchinnikov, Mikhail Shipway, Ben Meskhidze, Nicholas Xu, Jun Shi, Xiangjun TI Droplet nucleation: Physically-based parameterizations and comparative evaluation SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STRATIFORM CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; GROWTH-KINETICS; CCN ACTIVITY AB One of the greatest sources of uncertainty in simulations of climate and climate change is the influence of aerosols on the optical properties of clouds. The root of this influence is the droplet nucleation process, which involves the spontaneous growth of aerosol into cloud droplets at cloud edges, during the early stages of cloud formation, and in some cases within the interior of mature clouds. Numerical models of droplet nucleation represent much of the complexity of the process, but at a computational cost that limits their application to simulations of hours or days. Physically-based parameterizations of droplet nucleation are designed to quickly estimate the number nucleated as a function of the primary controlling parameters: the aerosol number size distribution, hygroscopicity and cooling rate. Here we compare and contrast the key assumptions used in developing each of the most popular parameterizations and compare their performances under a variety of conditions. We find that the more complex parameterizations perform well under a wider variety of nucleation conditions, but all parameterizations perform well under the most common conditions. We then discuss the various applications of the parameterizations to cloud-resolving, regional and global models to study aerosol effects on clouds at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. We compare estimates of anthropogenic aerosol indirect effects using two different parameterizations applied to the same global climate model, and find that the estimates of indirect effects differ by only 10%. We conclude with a summary of the outstanding challenges remaining for further development and application. C1 [Ghan, Steven J.; Liu, Xiaohong; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Shi, Xiangjun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Abdul-Razzak, Hayder] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Dept Mech Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Nenes, Athanasios] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ming, Yi] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Shipway, Ben] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Meskhidze, Nicholas; Xu, Jun] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Xu, Jun] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shi, Xiangjun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Ghan, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher & Global Change Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.ghan@pnl.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Shipway, Ben/E-1375-2011; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Shipway, Ben/0000-0002-7419-0789; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 FU U.S. Department of Energy; NASA ACMAP; NSF CAREER; [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This summary of the state of science has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Systems Research program. This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Division, under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 with the US Department of Energy. AN acknowledges support by NASA ACMAP and NSF CAREER. NR 168 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2011 VL 3 AR M10001 DI 10.1029/2011MS000074 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931EM UT WOS:000303198400013 ER PT J AU Lloyd, ID Marchok, T Vecchi, GA AF Lloyd, Ian D. Marchok, Timothy Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Diagnostics comparing sea surface temperature feedbacks from operational hurricane forecasts to observations SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; PREDICTION SYSTEM; OCEAN MODEL; SIMULATIONS; COEFFICIENT; PERFORMANCE; WAVES AB This paper examines the ability of recent versions of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Operational Hurricane Forecast Model (GHM) to reproduce the observed relationship between hurricane intensity and hurricane-induced Sea Surface Temperature (SST) cooling. The analysis was performed by taking a Lagrangian composite of all hurricanes in the North Atlantic from 1998-2009 in observations and 2005-2009 for the GHM. A marked improvement in the intensity-SST relationship for the GHM compared to observations was found between the years 2005 and 2006-2009 due to the introduction of warm-core eddies, a representation of the loop current, and changes to the drag coefficient parameterization for bulk turbulent flux computation. A Conceptual Hurricane Intensity Model illustrates the essential steady-state characteristics of the intensity-SST relationship and is explained by two coupled equations for the atmosphere and ocean. The conceptual model qualitatively matches observations and the 2006-2009 period in the GHM, and presents supporting evidence for the conclusion that weaker upper oceanic thermal stratification in the Gulf of Mexico, caused by the introduction of the loop current and warm core eddies, is crucial to explaining the observed SST-intensity pattern. The diagnostics proposed by the conceptual model offer an independent set of metrics for comparing operational hurricane forecast models to observations. C1 [Lloyd, Ian D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marchok, Timothy; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lloyd, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM illoyd@princeton.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors would like to thank Morris Bender, Anand Gnanadesikan, Isaac Held, Stephen Garner, Gabriel Lau, Leo Donner, and Yalin Fan for helpful comments in the preparation of this manuscript. This report was prepared by Ian Lloyd under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2011 VL 3 AR M11002 DI 10.1029/2011MS000075 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931EM UT WOS:000303198400014 ER PT J AU Winterbottom, HR Chassignet, EP AF Winterbottom, Henry R. Chassignet, Eric P. TI A vortex isolation and removal algorithm for numerical weather prediction model tropical cyclone applications SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; HURRICANE GLORIA 1985; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; INNER CORE REGION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SCHEME SHIPS; INTENSITY; INITIALIZATION; DROPWINDSONDE; IMPROVEMENTS AB Inserting an externally defined (i.e., synthetic) tropical cyclone (TC) vortex into numerical weather prediction (NWP) model analyses requires that an existing TC vortex first be removed. Similarly, statistical-dynamical forecasting methods require that the larger-scale environmental attributes of the flow be separated (and preserved) from those on the smaller meso-and TC vortex scales. The existing operational methods to accomplish such tasks are optimized particularly for the respective models grid spacing resolution and thus are not general when applied to finer resolution analyses. Further, the existing methods often adhere to rigid assumptions regarding the size and structure of the TC. A methodology is provided in this study to overcome these limitations. This is accomplished through analyzing the features of the NWP model analysis (e.g., the variables in the vicinity of the TC) and then systematically removing the TC through the application of both a smoothing operator and a subsequent statistical evaluation of the smoothed analysis variable. The value of our methodology is determined when analyzing the results from experiments initialized from an analysis containing TCs and those initialized from analyses without the respective TCs. This methodology is also robust for it does not require a tuning of parameters relative to varying grid-spacing resolutions and may thus benefit the statistical-dynamical TC intensity prediction schemes. C1 [Winterbottom, Henry R.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Chassignet, Eric P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Winterbottom, HR (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM henry.winterbottom@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2011 VL 3 AR M11003 DI 10.1029/2011MS000088 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931EM UT WOS:000303198400020 ER PT S AU Sun, HB Wolf, W King, T AF Sun, Haibing Wolf, Walter King, Thomas BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A Richter, K TI An integration system for the collocation of polar and geostationary satellite observations SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XIII/18th International Symposium on Remote Sensing CY SEP 19-21, 2011 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE Satellite; Observation; Collocation; Algorithms; Polar; Geostationary; Integration AB Satellite observation collocation algorithms are generally used to spatially match observations or products from different satellite systems. The spatially matched and integrated satellite datasets are commonly used in integrated retrievals, satellite instrument inter-calibration and satellite observation validation. Instrument physical based collocation algorithms are developed at NOAA/NESDIS/STAR to support the development of the satellite observation integration system. The algorithms are applied within the Geostationary satellite & Polar satellite (GEO-LEO) integration system for IASI/SEVRI and will applied in the future CrIS/GOES-R observation integration system. In this paper, the details of the algorithms for IASI/SEVERI and AIRS/SEVIRI collocation are described and some results for both are presented. C1 [Sun, Haibing; King, Thomas] WWB NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Sun, HB (reprint author), WWB NOAA NESDIS, Room 810,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Haibing.sun@noaa.gov RI Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011 OI Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-801-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8174 AR 81741Y DI 10.1117/12.897801 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BZS28 UT WOS:000302735700057 ER PT S AU Theofanos, MF Stanton, BC AF Theofanos, Mary Frances Stanton, Brian C. BE Kurosu, M TI Usability Standards across the Development Lifecycle SO HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN (HCD) SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Human Centered Design (HCD)/14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Usability; User Centered Design; Common Industry Format; standards; lifecycle; software development AB In 2005 the International Organization for Standardization published ISO/IEC 25062 "Common Industry Format (CIF) for Usability Test Reports." This standard focuses on documenting the results of usability testing in a consistent format in terms of user effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction that allows comparison among products by purchasers of such systems. However, soon after its publication the user community advocated for additional standards to document the output of usability-related work within the development lifecycle. A second usability CIF, "A General Framework for Usability-related Information" (ISO/IEC Technical Report 25060) is now available that identifies seven outputs of the usability-engineering process. The framework focuses on documenting those elements needed for design and development of usable systems. To successfully use the framework it is critical to understand the relationship of these elements to the human-centered design process and the activities of the system life-cycle processes. These new Common Industry Format standards for usability-related information are a further step in standardizing usability engineering in industry. C1 [Theofanos, Mary Frances; Stanton, Brian C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Theofanos, MF (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM maryt@nist.gov; brian.stanton@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21752-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6776 BP 130 EP 137 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BZS57 UT WOS:000302795300015 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Maxwell, S Rice, JP Chang, R Litorja, M Hwang, J Cadeddu, J Livingston, E Wehner, E Zuzak, KJ AF Allen, David W. Maxwell, Stephen Rice, Joseph P. Chang, Robert Litorja, Maritoni Hwang, Jeeseong Cadeddu, Jeffrey Livingston, Edward Wehner, Eleanor Zuzak, Karel J. BE Nordstrom, RJ Cote, GL TI Hyperspectral image projection of a pig kidney for the evaluation of imagers used for oximetry SO OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND SENSING XI: TOWARD POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSTICS AND DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF PHANTOMS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF TISSUE III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XI - Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurement of Tissue III CY JAN 22-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; phantoms; oximetry; kidney; non-invasive; validation AB Hyperspectral image projection applied to optical medical imaging can provide a means to evaluate imager performance. This allows repeated viewing of unique surgical scenes without the need for costly experiments on patients. Additionally, the generated scene can be well characterized and used repeatedly as a standard for many different imagers at different times and locations. This paper describes the use of a hyperspectral image of a pig kidney. The scene of the kidney is projected with the full spectral content allowing the oxygenation status of the tissue to be observed and evaluated spatially. C1 [Allen, David W.; Maxwell, Stephen; Rice, Joseph P.; Chang, Robert; Litorja, Maritoni; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8443-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7906 AR 79060V DI 10.1117/12.875498 PG 9 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BZS23 UT WOS:000302694400022 ER PT J AU Mercaldo-Allen, R Goldberg, R Clark, PE Kuropat, CA AF Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Goldberg, Ronald Clark, Paul E. Kuropat, Catherine A. TI Observations of Juvenile Lobsters, Homarus americanus, on a Rock-Reef in Long Island Sound SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DEMOGRAPHIC BOTTLENECK; RECRUITMENT; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; POSTLARVAL; MOVEMENTS; DYNAMICS; EELGRASS; HABITAT; TRAPS AB Movements of juvenile Homarus americanus (American Lobster; hereafter lobster) on and around a naturally occurring rock reef were monitored over a 3-year period. Lobsters were sampled with baited traps deployed at each of ten sites. Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and number of lobsters collected per trap haul was calculated for each sampling event. Physical habitat, visually characterized by underwater video and diver observations, differed among sites. Lobster CPUE was significantly greater at rocky sites (>70% density of cobble and/or boulder) containing complex structure, vertical relief from the seafloor, and colonies of macroalgae, sponge, and hydroids. Lobster CPUE was highest from late June to mid-July. Lobsters ranged from 18 to 82 mm carapace length (CL), with 90.7% of tagged lobsters measuring between 30 to 60 mm CL. Relative lobster abundance remained similar over the course of the study. Catch data were kriged to illustrate spatial patterns of distribution. Over the study period, a total of 934 lobsters were tagged and 66 were recaptured, for an overall recapture rate of 7.1%. The majority of recaptured animals (88%) were found at the original tagging site or adjacent sites, with one lobster remaining at liberty for 397 days. Most juvenile lobsters showed fidelity to their initial site of capture on a small, relatively isolated patch of rock-reef habitat in the central basin of Long Island Sound. C1 [Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Goldberg, Ronald; Clark, Paul E.; Kuropat, Catherine A.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM renee.mercaldo-allen@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 926JY UT WOS:000302828500005 ER PT S AU Malkova, N Bryant, GW AF Malkova, Natalia Bryant, Garnett W. BE Khodaparast, GA Santos, MB Stanton, CJ TI Negative-Band-Gap Quantum Dots SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SYSTEMS (NGS15) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Narrow Gap Systems (NGS) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Campus Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA SP Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys, Virginia Tech, Advance VT, Coll Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Virginia Tech, Off Vice President Res, Virginia Tech, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci (ICTAS), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Engn, BAE Syst, Coherent Inc, Oxford Instruments, Janis Res, Wiley, Cryo Industries, Nikon Instruments, STAIB Instruments, Pearson Educ, Amer Elements HO Campus Virginia Tech DE Negative-band-gap quantum dots; surface states ID SURFACE-STATES; SEMICONDUCTOR; NANOCRYSTALS AB The spectrum of quantum dots (QDs) made from semiconductors like HgTe and HgS changes from negative gap to positive gap with decreasing size. Furthermore, intrinsic surface states, which are not related to dangling bonds, appear in the negative gap regime. We investigate theoretically the evolution of the spectrum of HgS QDs with decreasing size and show how states evolve from a negative gap to a positive gap as confinement is increased. The lowest confined electron level evolves into an intrinsic surface state with increasing size. This surface state is not derived from a bulk HgS bands. We demonstrate that surface states found do not have characteristic topological properties. C1 [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malkova, N (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0993-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1416 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1063/1.3671699 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BZC63 UT WOS:000301110800015 ER PT S AU Liu, X Smith, DJ Fan, J Zhang, YH Cao, H Chen, YP Kirby, BJ Sun, N Ruggiero, ST Leiner, J Pimpinella, RE Hagmann, J Tivakornsasithorn, K Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Liu, X. Smith, D. J. Fan, J. Zhang, Y. -H. Cao, H. Chen, Y. P. Kirby, B. J. Sun, N. Ruggiero, S. T. Leiner, J. Pimpinella, R. E. Hagmann, J. Tivakornsasithorn, K. Dobrowolska, M. Furdyna, J. K. BE Khodaparast, GA Santos, MB Stanton, CJ TI Topological Insulators Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 Grown by MBE on (001) GaAs Substrates SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NARROW GAP SYSTEMS (NGS15) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Narrow Gap Systems (NGS) CY AUG 01-05, 2011 CL Campus Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA SP Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys, Virginia Tech, Advance VT, Coll Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Virginia Tech, Off Vice President Res, Virginia Tech, Inst Crit Technol & Appl Sci (ICTAS), Univ Oklahoma, Coll Engn, BAE Syst, Coherent Inc, Oxford Instruments, Janis Res, Wiley, Cryo Industries, Nikon Instruments, STAIB Instruments, Pearson Educ, Amer Elements HO Campus Virginia Tech DE Topological Insulators; MBE; XRD; TEM; Raman; magnetotransport AB Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3 and their alloy films were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on (001) GaAs substrates. The structural properties of these films were investigated by Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy and mapping. The results indicate that the epitaxial films are highly uniform. High-field and low-temperature magneto-transport measurements on these films are carried out and discussed. C1 [Liu, X.; Sun, N.; Ruggiero, S. T.; Leiner, J.; Pimpinella, R. E.; Hagmann, J.; Tivakornsasithorn, K.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Smith, D. J.; Fan, J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fan, J.; Zhang, Y. -H.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cao, H.; Chen, Y. P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. FU NSF [10-05851, 1002114]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0129] FX This work was supported by NSF Grant 10-05851 for ND; an NSF Grant 1002114 and an AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0129 for ASU; DARPA MESO program for Purdue. The authors acknowledge use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for HREM at ASU, and in the NIST Center for Neutron Research for XRR. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0993-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1416 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1063/1.3671709 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BZC63 UT WOS:000301110800025 ER PT S AU Liu, YG MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH AF Liu, Yonggang MacFadyen, Amy Ji, Zhen-Gang Weisberg, Robert H. BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI Introduction to Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHELF CIRCULATION; PLUME; NORTHERN; SLOPE; RINGS AB In response to the massive Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, scientists from the operational response agencies, the academic community, and the private sector employed the oil spill detection technologies and ocean-observing and modeling resources to map the discharged hydrocarbons and simulated their transport with the aim of aiding mitigation efforts. Numerous types of instruments and sensors were used, many numerical models were applied, and a broad array of scientists were involved. These studies represent a new generation of applied oceanography with a focus on a historical oil spill. Preliminary research results reported in 21 chapters of this book are categorized and summarized. C1 [Liu, Yonggang; Weisberg, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Ji, Zhen-Gang] Bur Ocean Energy Management Regulat & Enforcement, Herndon, VA 20170 USA. [MacFadyen, Amy] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Liu, YG (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM yliu@marine.usf.edu RI Liu, Yonggang/B-1259-2012 OI Liu, Yonggang/0000-0002-0281-9349 NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1029/2011GM001147 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700002 ER PT S AU Liu, YG MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH AF Liu, Yonggang MacFadyen, Amy Ji, Zhen-Gang Weisberg, Robert H. BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Record-Breaking Enterprise PREFACE SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Liu, Yonggang; Weisberg, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [MacFadyen, Amy] NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Liu, YG (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1029/2011GM001146 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700001 ER PT S AU Streett, D AF Streett, Davida BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI NOAA's Satellite Monitoring of Marine Oil SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIGNAL; SPILL AB During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, NOAA imagery analysts in the Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) issued more than 300 near-real-time satellite-based oil spill analyses. These analyses were used by the oil spill response community for planning, issuing surface oil trajectories, and tasking assets (e.g., oil containment booms, skimmers, overflights). SAB analysts used both synthetic aperture radar and high-resolution visible/near IR multispectral satellite imagery as well as a variety of ancillary data sets to map the surface oil location. Satellite imagery included Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (European Space Agency (ESA)), TerraSAR-X (Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt), Cosmo-Skymed (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), Advanced Land Observing Satellite (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)), RADARSAT (MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates, Canadian Space Agency), Envisat MERIS (Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, ESA), SPOT (SPOT Image Corp., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales), Landsat (NASA, United States Geological Survey (USGS)), Aster (JAXA, NASA), MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, NASA), and advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA). Ancillary data sets included ocean currents, winds, natural oil seeps, and in situ oil observations. SAB personnel also served as the DWH International Disaster Charter Project Manager (at the official request of the USGS). The Project Manager's primary responsibility was to oversee the acquisition and processing of satellite data generously donated by numerous private companies and nations in support of the oil spill response. All SAB DWH analyses, starting with one issued 5 h after the rig sank through the final one in August, are still publicly available at the archive on the NOAA/NESDIS website http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/MPS/deepwater.html. SAB has now acquired a 24 x 7 oil spill response capability and is addressing goals that will enhance its routine oil spill response as well as help assure readiness for the next spill of national significance. C1 NOAA, Off Satellite & Prod Operat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Streett, D (reprint author), NOAA, Off Satellite & Prod Operat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM davida.streett@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1029/2011GM001104 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700003 ER PT S AU Ryan, JP Zhang, Y Thomas, H Rienecker, EV Nelson, RK Cummings, SR AF Ryan, J. P. Zhang, Y. Thomas, H. Rienecker, E. V. Nelson, R. K. Cummings, S. R. BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI A High-Resolution Survey of a Deep Hydrocarbon Plume in the Gulf of Mexico During the 2010 Macondo Blowout SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE; OIL-SPILL; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEM AB Following destruction of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig, while unmitigated blowout from the Macondo well was ongoing, NOAA scientific response cruise GU-10-02 (27 May to 4 June 2010) employed coordinated ship and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) operations to locate and study deep hydrocarbon plumes. The ship hydrocast survey localized maximum optical signals of a deep plume, centered at similar to 1150 in depth, approximately 13 km southwest of the blowout. Deployed at this location, the AUV conducted a high-resolution survey of plume structure, which indicated small-scale topographic influences on plume transport. Maximum plume intensity was observed along the western slope of Biloxi Dome. The orientation of gradients in plume intensity relative to isobaths indicated flow from the dome slope onto the dome top. In terms of the relative proportions of major hydrocarbon groups, all plume samples southwest of the blowout exhibited similar composition. The chemical composition of the plume southwest of the blowout was significantly different from the composition of a weaker deep plume observed southeast of the blowout. Variation in optical signal from a colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorometer (F-CDOM) explained up to 97% (median 88%) of the variance in the concentrations of individual hydrocarbon compounds. AUV data also showed that F-CDOM was highly correlated with three other optical measurements (r > 0.97) and oxygen measurements (r = 0.95). The results provide unique perspective on small-scale dynamics of a deep plume and illustrate the potential for studying subsurface plumes of dispersed oil using AUVs with off-the-shelf sensors. C1 [Ryan, J. P.; Zhang, Y.; Thomas, H.; Rienecker, E. V.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cummings, S. R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nelson, R. K.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ryan, JP (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM ryjo@mbari.org NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1029/2011GM001106 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700007 ER PT S AU Shay, LK Jaimes, B Brewster, JK Meyers, P McCaskill, EC Uhlhorn, E Marks, F Halliwell, GR Smedstad, OM Hogan, P AF Shay, Lynn K. Jaimes, Benjamin Brewster, Jodi K. Meyers, Patrick McCaskill, E. Claire Uhlhorn, Eric Marks, Frank Halliwell, George R., Jr. Smedstad, Ole Martin Hogan, Patrick BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI Airborne Ocean Surveys of the Loop Current Complex From NOAA WP-3D in Support of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; VERTICAL COORDINATE; ANTICYCLONIC RINGS; CYCLONIC EDDIES; HURRICANE-OPAL; MODEL HYCOM; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; COMPUTATION AB At the time of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion, the Loop Current (LC), a warm ocean current in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), extended to 27.5 degrees N just south of the rig. To measure the regional scale variability of the LC, oceanographic missions were flown on a NOAA WP-3D research aircraft to obtain ocean structural data during the spill and provide thermal structure profiles to ocean forecasters aiding in the oil spill disaster at 7 to 10 day intervals. The aircraft flew nine grid patterns over the eastern GoM between May and July 2010 deploying profilers to measure atmospheric and oceanic properties such as wind, humidity, temperature, salinity, and current. Ocean current profilers sampled as deep as 1500 m, conductivity, temperature, and depth profilers sampled to 1000 m, and bathythermographs sampled to either 350 or 800 m providing deep structural measurements. Profiler data were provided to modeling centers to predict possible trajectories of the oil and vector ships to regions of anomalous signals. In hindcast mode, assimilation of temperature profiles into the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model improved the fidelity of the simulations by reducing RMS errors by as much as 30% and decreasing model biases by half relative to the simulated thermal structure from models that assimilated only satellite data. The synoptic snapshots also provided insight into the evolving LC variability, captured the shedding of the warm core eddy Franklin, and measured the small-scale cyclones along the LC periphery. C1 [Shay, Lynn K.; Jaimes, Benjamin; Brewster, Jodi K.; Meyers, Patrick; McCaskill, E. Claire] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Halliwell, George R., Jr.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hogan, Patrick] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric; Marks, Frank] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Smedstad, Ole Martin] QinetiQ N Amer, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Shay, LK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nshay@rsmas.miami.edu RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Jaimes, Benjamin/0000-0002-5286-0972 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 131 EP 151 DI 10.1029/2011GM001101 D2 10.1029/GM195 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700013 ER PT S AU MacFadyen, A Watabayashi, GY Barker, CH Beegle-Krause, CJ AF MacFadyen, A. Watabayashi, G. Y. Barker, C. H. Beegle-Krause, C. J. BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI Tactical Modeling of Surface Oil Transport During the Deepwater Horizon Spill Response SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISPERSION; SHELF AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R) provides scientific support for oil and chemical spills. During the unprecedented Deep water Horizon oil spill response in the Gulf of Mexico, the Emergency Response Division (OR&R/Emergency Response Division) provided daily 72 h tactical forecasts for movement of the surface oil. Surface oil distribution was initialized daily from analysis of satellite imagery and incorporation of visual overflight observations. Computation of oil trajectories utilized currents from a number of hydrodynamic models allowing an ensemble forecasting approach. Results from the suite of trajectories were combined to produce a final forecast product for distribution to the Incident Command Posts. These forecasts were utilized during the Deepwater Horizon response for planning, allocation of resources, and direction of response assets. C1 [MacFadyen, A.; Watabayashi, G. Y.; Barker, C. H.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Response & Restorat, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beegle-Krause, C. J.] Genw Syst Inc, Edmonds, WA 98020 USA. RP MacFadyen, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Response & Restorat, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sandpoint Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amy.macfadyen@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1029/2011GM001128 D2 10.1029/GM195 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700015 ER PT S AU Barker, CH AF Barker, C. H. BE Liu, Y MacFadyen, A Ji, ZG Weisberg, RH TI A Statistical Outlook for the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO MONITORING AND MODELING THE DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL: A RECORD-BREAKING ENTERPRISE SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In the first few days after the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig sank in the Gull of Mexico, it was apparent that there was the potential for a very large spill of long duration. The NOAA Emergency Response Division (ERD) was asked by the secretary of Homeland Security to provide an analysis of the long-term outlook for oil transport if the well was to be uncontrolled for many months. The results of this analysis were required to help determine where efforts should be focused to prepare for response activities and to determine whether foreign governments should be notified. NOAA developed a Monte Carlo simulation, running an oil spill trajectory model hundreds of times, each with a different set of possible conditions based on historical data. To develop this simulation, a hindcast of the surface currents in the Gulf was provided by the US Minerals Management Service (now the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement), developed by L. Oey's group at Princeton University. Five hundred individual oil trajectory scenarios were developed by sampling the historical data using random start times from April and May to capture the seasonality of the winds and river flows. A 90 day release was used, with the model run for a total of 120 days. The result was a statistical view of where oil from the spill might go and when it might have gotten there, an analysis valuable to the response community and the general public. C1 NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Barker, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Off Response & Restorat, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM Chris.Barker@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-485-6 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 195 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1029/2011GM001129 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BYW60 UT WOS:000300646700021 ER PT S AU Kim, J Maunz, P Kim, T Hussman, J Noek, R Mehta, A Monroe, C AF Kim, Jungsang Maunz, Peter Kim, Taehyun Hussman, Jeffrey Noek, Rachel Mehta, Abhijit Monroe, Christopher BE Ralph, T Lam, PK TI Modular Universal Scalable Ion-trap Quantum Computer (MUSIQC) SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING (QCMC): THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing (QCMC) CY JUL 19-23, 2010 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Quantum Comp Technol, Tamagawa Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Quantum-Atom Opt, Res Lab Elect Massachusetts Inst Technol, NewSpec Pty Ltd, Oxford Instruments Pty Ltd, Lastek Australia, Toptica Photon DE Quantum computation architecture; ion traps; optical interconnect ID TELEPORTATION; COMPUTATION AB We describe a scalable architecture for general-purpose quantum computation based on trapped ions and photonic interconnect network. The quantum computer is made up of several elementary logic units (ELUs) each containing a modest number of trapped ions representing physical qubits. Each ELU is provided with an optical communication port through which a photon entangled with a communication ion is extracted. Quantum entanglement is distributed between an arbitrary pair of ELUs through a reconfigurable photonic network, which can be utilized to perform two-qubit quantum logic operation between any pair of physical qubits in the entire quantum computer. We show that this architecture can support universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation. C1 [Kim, Jungsang; Maunz, Peter; Kim, Taehyun; Hussman, Jeffrey; Noek, Rachel] Duke Univ, ECE Dept, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Monroe, Christopher] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD USA. [Mehta, Abhijit] Duke Univ, Phys Dept, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Monroe, Christopher] Univ Maryland, NIST, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Duke Univ, ECE Dept, Fitzpatrick Inst Photon, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Mehta, Abhijit/0000-0002-3844-7639 FU NSF; IARPA; ARO FX The authors would like to thank Luming Duan, Ken Brown, David Bacon, Boris Blinov, Robert Raussendorf and Michael Biercuk for helpful discussions. This work is supported by NSF, IARPA and ARO. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0921-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1363 DI 10.1063/1.3630178 PG 4 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BZM24 UT WOS:000302005200041 ER PT J AU Yang, WB Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Yang, Wen-Bin Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran GP IEEE TI Interference Mitigation for Body Area Networks SO 2011 IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PIMRC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, Univ Toronto DE Interference mitigation; Body area networks; Link adaption; Interference mitigation factor AB Due to very low power communication, wireless body area networks are potentially susceptible to interference from other coexisting wireless systems including other BANs that might exist in their vicinity. Using power control to combat this interference might not be efficient. It could also lead to situations with higher levels of interference in the system. On the other hand, interference mitigation can help to not only preserve link quality but also allow more nodes to simultaneously operate. This paper proposes several interference mitigation schemes such as adaptive modulation as well as adaptive data rate and duty cycle for body area networks. Interference Mitigation Factor (IMF) is introduced as a measure to quantify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. C1 [Yang, Wen-Bin; Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, WB (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-1348-4 PY 2011 BP 2193 EP 2197 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYY39 UT WOS:000300719700427 ER PT S AU Ryan, JT Southwick, RG Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Young, CD Suehle, JS AF Ryan, J. T. Southwick, R. G. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Young, C. D. Suehle, J. S. GP IEEE TI Experimentally Based Methodology for Charge Pumping Bulk Defect Trapping Correction SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report (IIRW) CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Stanford Univ, Univ California Berkeley, IEEE ID ENERGY; TRAPS AB We develop a simple experimental approach to remove bulk trap contributions from charge pumping data collected on devices which suffer from large amounts of bulk dielectric electron trapping. The approach is more desirable and easier to implement than other simulation/device modeling based approaches. We demonstrate the approach using HfO2 based MOSFETs. Additionally, we provide an explanation for the smaller than expected bulk trap contribution to charge pumping current. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Southwick, R. G.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. [Young, C. D.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org RI Young, Chadwin/K-7326-2012 OI Young, Chadwin/0000-0003-0690-7423 FU National Research Council FX J.T.R. and R.G.S. acknowledge funding support from the National Research Council. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4577-0115-3 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2011 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYV54 UT WOS:000300607100006 ER PT S AU Ryan, JT Wei, L Campbell, JP Southwick, RG Cheung, KP Oates, AS Wong, HSP Suehle, J AF Ryan, J. T. Wei, L. Campbell, J. P. Southwick, R. G. Cheung, K. P. Oates, A. S. Wong, H. -S. P. Suehle, J. GP IEEE TI When Does a Circuit Really Fail? SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report (IIRW) CY OCT 16-20, 2011 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, Stanford Univ, Univ California Berkeley, IEEE ID RELIABILITY AB An important stage in qualifying a new technology for full scale production is meeting reliability criteria. Unfortunately, conventional reliability qualification approaches utilize a "one size fits all" mentally which is intended to encomposs all possible circuit applications. Furthermore, the reliability criteria are sometimes based on seemingly arbitrary device level parametric shifts and the choice of which parameter to utilize is crucial. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a "circuit aware" concept for reliability qualification. By taking into consideration circuit-level figures of merit, we demonstrate a methodology to establish device level reliability criteria that reflects the real world operation of devices in circuits. The methodology does not require any additional measurements or the fabrication of special test circuits. The beauty is in its simplicity, a simple transformation to solve an important problem. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Campbell, J. P.; Southwick, R. G.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, L.] MIT, Microsyst Techol Labs, Cambridge, MA USA. [Oates, A. S.] TSMC Ltd, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. [Wong, H. -S. P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org FU National Research Council; MSD Focus Center of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP) FX J.T.R. and R.G.S. acknowledge funding support by the National Research Council. L.W. is partially supported by the MSD Focus Center of the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4577-0115-3 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2011 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYV54 UT WOS:000300607100009 ER PT J AU Sun, K Jajodia, S Li, JS Cheng, Y Tang, W Singhal, A AF Sun, Kun Jajodia, Sushil Li, Jason Cheng, Yi Tang, Wei Singhal, Anoop GP IEEE TI Automatic Security Analysis Using Security Metrics SO 2011 - MILCOM 2011 MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) CY NOV 07-10, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD AB Security metrics are valuable for measuring and comparing the amount of security provided by different systems and configurations. However, meaningful security metrics for networked systems are significantly difficult to define, evaluate, interpret, and visualize. We design a system that provides security metrics collection, security metrics management, and security metrics visualization for scalable and automatic security analysis. We first identify a set of new security metrics. Then, we show how to collect simple security metrics from the computers in a sample network. Next, we use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) mechanism to compose two sophisticated security metrics, Criticality and Security Score, which are critical to measure the security risk. We also develop visualization tools to help administrators better understand and evaluate the system security using security metrics. C1 [Sun, Kun; Jajodia, Sushil] George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Li, Jason; Cheng, Yi; Tang, Wei] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Security, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ksun3@gmu.edu; jajodia@gmu.edu; jli@i-a-i.com; ycheng@i-a-i.com; wtang@i-a-i.com; anoop.singhal@nist.gov FU NIST SBIR [SB1341-09-SE-0626]; Army Research Office MURI [W911NF-09-1-0525] FX This work was supported by the NIST SBIR award number SB1341-09-SE-0626. The work of Sushil Jajodia was supported in part by the Army Research Office MURI award number W911NF-09-1-0525. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-0081-0 PY 2011 BP 1207 EP 1212 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYT03 UT WOS:000300083500202 ER PT S AU Wong, KKF AF Wong, K. K. F. BE Fai, LH TI Seismic Applications of Nonlinear Response Spectra Based on the Theory of Modal Analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH EAST ASIA-PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION (EASEC12) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction (EASEC) CY JAN 26-28, 2011 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Nonlinear modal analysis; force analogy method; state space method; geometric nonlinearity; response spectra analysis AB A fast nonlinear response spectra analysis algorithm based on the theory of modal analysis and superposition is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of using the time-consuming nonlinear response history analysis in seismic design. Because linear modal analysis has found great acceptance in performance-based seismic engineering, it is here extended to the nonlinear domain by using the force analogy method that links the global responses with local inelasticity of the structure. Geometric nonlinearity is incorporated into the analysis by modifying the initial stiffness matrices to consider gravity load effects. By ignoring geometric stiffness update, the theory of modal analysis and superposition is easily incorporated into the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm in capturing both the maximum global and local responses. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong, KKF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kfwong@nist.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2011 VL 14 BP 1645 EP 1652 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.207 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BYU21 UT WOS:000300368401096 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, CE TenBrink, TT AF Hutchinson, Charles E. TenBrink, Todd T. TI Age Determination of the Yellow Irish Lord: Management Implications as a Result of New Estimates of Maximum Age SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FISH STOCKS; QUALITY-CONTROL; LIFE-HISTORY; FISHERIES; ALASKA; PRECISION; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; GROWTH; GULF AB The yellow Irish lord Hemilepidotus jordani is an abundant, large sculpin found in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, where it is one of the most commonly caught sculpins. Interest in ecosystem-based fisheries management has increased, prompting the need to collect life history information from nontarget or incidental bycatch species. Sagittal otoliths were used to age 776 yellow Irish lords sampled during 2005 and 2006 in summer bottom trawl surveys conducted by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands regions. Annuli viewed on otolith surfaces and thin sections were enumerated to arrive at estimates of age. Specimens ranged from age 1 to a maximum of age 28, more than doubling the previously published estimate of longevity for this species. Age estimates from both regions were used to calculate separate sex-specific total mortality rates for yellow Irish lords based on catch-curve analysis. These new age estimates have resulted in potential changes in yellow Irish lord harvest recommendations, demonstrating the importance of age and growth information to fisheries managers. C1 [Hutchinson, Charles E.; TenBrink, Todd T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hutchinson, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM charles.hutchinson@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [628] FX This study was partially funded by the North Pacific Research Board (Project Number 628). We thank Delsa Anderl, Beth Matta, Tom Helser, Rebecca Reuter, Lou Rugolo, Paul Spencer, Carolyn Griswold, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved this manuscript. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.646453 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NJ UT WOS:000301044900013 ER PT J AU Schueller, AM Hayes, DB AF Schueller, Amy M. Hayes, Daniel B. TI Inbreeding and Allele Retention for Lake Sturgeon Populations under Different Supplementation Strategies SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION GENETICS; GREAT-LAKES; DEMOGRAPHIC STOCHASTICITY; MULTIPLE GENERATIONS; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; SPERM COMPETITION; WILD; RIVER; SALMON; MICROSATELLITE AB Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens once were abundant throughout the Great Lakes basin but have been reduced to less than 1% of historical levels because of habitat degradation and overexploitation. Current management plans suggest stocking as a tool to increase abundance, but stocking also has genetic implications. The objectives of this study were to determine the supplementation level that would maintain long-term population persistence with the smallest genetic impact and to determine whether different supplementation strategies would be required for different starting conditions. An individual-based model that incorporated demographics and genetics was used to explore scenarios that included three initial population sizes, two different supplementation time frames, varying sex ratios, variance in family size, and different percentages of the adult population contributing progeny for supplementation. As expected, all supplementation scenarios reduced extinction risk, increased population sizes, increased allele retention, and reduced inbreeding over time compared with scenarios involving no supplementation. Supplementation over long time frames was only necessary when supplementing large population sizes. Contrary to expectations, a skewed sex ratio and an unequal family size had little impact on the genetics of populations. When the percentage of adults contributing progeny for supplementation was reduced, allele retention decreased and inbreeding increased. Supplementing larger populations over longer time frames and capturing the greatest number of adults from the population for supplementation are the most important considerations for maintaining alleles and reducing inbreeding under the scenarios we explored. C1 [Schueller, Amy M.; Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Schueller, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM amy.schueller@noaa.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust FX We thank all of the lake sturgeon biologists and experts who evaluated and commented on the initial parameter values for the model. We also thank Paul Conn, Dana Infante, Michael Jones, Michael Prager, and Kim Scribner for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1145 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.646451 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 902NJ UT WOS:000301044900015 ER PT B AU Solomon, S Chanin, ML AF Solomon, Susan Chanin, Marie-Lise BE Berkman, PA Lang, MA Walton, DWH Young, OR TI The Antarctic Ozone Hole: A Unique Example of the Science and Policy Interface SO SCIENCE DIPLOMACY: ANTARCTICA, SCIENCE, AND THE GOVERNANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Antarctic Treaty Summit: Science-Policy Interactions in International Goverance CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 2009 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC SP Amer Geophys Union, Fdn Good Governance Int Spaces, Greenpeace, Japan Polar Res Assoc, KBR, Korean Polar Res Inst, Korea Supporters Assoc Polar Res, Lindblad Expedit, Pew Charitable Trusts, Stanford Univ,Dept Earth Sci, United Nations Environm Programme, Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Global Sustainabil Studies, World Wildlife Fund Australia HO Smithsonian Inst ID DEPLETION; CLIMATE AB The discovery of an unexpected large depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer in the 1980s attracted the attention of scientists, policymakers, and the public. The phenomenon quickly became known as the "ozone hole." Observations established that the ozone losses were driven primarily by human-made compounds, chlorofluorocarbons and bromocarbons, whose chemistry is particularly enhanced for ozone loss under the extreme cold conditions of the Antarctic. Systematic long-term data of Antarctic total ozone date back to the 1950s at several international stations, and these key records owe their existence to the International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958 as well as to the Antarctic Treaty System. Although ozone depletion is greatest in the Antarctic, significant depletion has also been observed in the Arctic and at midlatitudes in both hemispheres. Ozone depletion enhances the ultraviolet light at the planet surface and thereby can damage ecosystems and some crops as well as increasing the incidence of human eye cataracts and skin cancer. These concerns led policymakers to agree to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) in 1987, and progressive advances in understanding the Antarctic ozone hole were important for the considerations by policy over the next 10 years that ultimately led to controls that have essentially phased out the production of chlorofluorocarbons and bromocarbons. Chlorofluorocarbons not only deplete ozone, but they are also greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. It is not widely appreciated that the phaseout of the chlorofluorocarbons under the Montreal Protocol has probably contributed about five times more to mitigation of climate change than has occurred due to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto Protocol) to date. Thus, the Antarctic ozone hole and the subsequent scientific understanding and policy process have played key roles not only for ozone protection but also for climate protection. C1 [Solomon, Susan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM susan.solomon@noaa.gov; chanin@latmos.ipsl.fr NR 17 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU SMITHSONIAN INST SCHOLARLY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 37012, MRC 957, WASHINGTON, DC 20013-7012 USA BN 978-1-935623-06-9 PY 2011 BP 189 EP 195 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BZC55 UT WOS:000301091500020 ER PT S AU Patel, VM Wu, T Biswas, S Phillips, PJ Chellappa, R AF Patel, Vishal M. Wu, Tao Biswas, Soma Phillips, P. Jonathon Chellappa, Rama GP IEEE TI ILLUMINATION ROBUST DICTIONARY-BASED FACE RECOGNITION SO 2011 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc (SPS) DE Face recognition; illumination variation; albedo; relighting; simultaneous sparse signal representation ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION; POSE AB In this paper, we present a face recognition method based on simultaneous sparse approximations under varying illumination. Our method consists of two main stages. In the first stage, a dictionary is learned for each face class based on given training examples which minimizes the representation error with a sparseness constraint. In the second stage, a test image is projected onto the span of the atoms in each learned dictionary. The resulting residual vectors are then used for classification. Furthermore, to handle changes in lighting conditions, we use a relighting approach based on a non-stationary stochastic filter to generate multiple images of the same person with different lighting. As a result, our algorithm has the ability to recognize human faces with good accuracy even when only a single or a very few images are provided for training. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on publicly available databases and it is shown that this method is efficient and can perform significantly better than many competitive face recognition algorithms. C1 [Patel, Vishal M.; Wu, Tao; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Biswas, Soma] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patel, VM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu; taowu@umiacs.umd.edu; sbiswas@nd.edu; jonathon@nist.gov; rama@umiacs.umd.edu FU NIST [70NANB11H023] FX This work was partially supported by a Cooperative agreement 70NANB11H023 from NIST. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4577-1303-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2011 BP 777 EP 780 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BYI89 UT WOS:000298962500195 ER PT S AU Chuang, MC Hwang, JN Williams, K Towler, R AF Chuang, Meng-Che Hwang, Jenq-Neng Williams, Kresimir Towler, Richard GP IEEE TI AUTOMATIC FISH SEGMENTATION VIA DOUBLE LOCAL THRESHOLDING FOR TRAWL-BASED UNDERWATER CAMERA SYSTEMS SO 2011 18TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY SEP 11-14, 2011 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc (SPS) DE fish segmentation; double local thresholding; histogram backprojection; midwater trawl AB This paper describes an automatic segmentation algorithm for fish sampled by a trawl-based underwater camera system. To overcome the problem caused by very low brightness contrast between fish and their underwater background with dynamically changing luminance, our proposed algorithm adopts an innovative histogram backprojection procedure on double local-thresholded images to ensure a reliable segmentation on the fish shape boundaries. The thresholded results are further validated by area and variance criteria to remove unwanted objects. Finally, a post-processing step is applied to refine the segmentation. Promising results, as validated by expert-generated ground truth data, were obtained via our proposed algorithm. C1 [Chuang, Meng-Che; Hwang, Jenq-Neng] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Kresimir; Towler, Richard] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Midwater Assessment & Conservat Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chuang, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mengche@uw.edu; hwang@uw.edu; kresimir.williams@noaa.gov; rick.towler@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4577-1303-3 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BYI89 UT WOS:000298962503070 ER PT S AU Gharavi, H Xu, C AF Gharavi, Hamid Xu, Chong GP IEEE TI Distributed Application of the Traffic Scheduling Technique for Smart Grid Advanced Metering Applications Using Multi-Gate Mesh Networks SO 2011 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2011) SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 05-09, 2011 CL Houston, TX SP IEEE DE smart grid; back-pressure; multi-gate; mesh network ID RANDOM-ACCESS; STABILITY AB In this paper, we present a multi-gate mesh network architecture that has been developed to ensure high performance and reliability under emergency conditions when a system expects to receive power outage notifications and exchanges. In order to handle the metering traffic, we introduce a back-pressure based scheduling algorithm, which takes into account both the hop-count, as well as the queue length of each mesh node. We first present the objective function of the scheduling algorithm in a centralized manner. We then present a practical implementation of the packet-scheduling scheme. The simulation results indicate that, under the context of the multi-gateway network, our novel packet-scheduling scheme can indeed significantly improve the network's reliability, self-healing, throughput and delay performance. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Xu, Chong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hamid.gharavi@nist.gov; chong.xu@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-9268-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BYU77 UT WOS:000300509001017 ER PT S AU Blackwell, WJ Chidester, L Kim, EJ Leslie, RV Lyu, CH Mo, T AF Blackwell, William J. Chidester, Lynn Kim, Edward J. Leslie, R. Vincent Lyu, C. -H. Mo, Tsan GP IEEE TI NPP ATMS Prelaunch Performance Assessment and Sensor Data Record Validation SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) AB A suite of sensors scheduled to fly onboard the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite in 2011 will continue the Sensor Data Records (SDRs) provided by operational and research missions over the last 40 years. The Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS), consisting of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and the first spacebased, Nyquist-sampled cross-track microwave sounder, the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), will provide atmospheric vertical profile information to improve numerical weather and climate modeling. The ability of ATMS to sense temperature and moisture profile information in the presence of non-precipitating clouds complements the high vertical resolution of CrIS. Furthermore, the ability of ATMS to sense scattering of cold cosmic background radiance from the tops of precipitating clouds allows the retrieval of precipitation intensities with useful accuracies over most surface conditions. This paper will present several assessments of the performance of ATMS. Prelaunch testing of ATMS has characterized the principal calibration parameters and has enabled predictions of on-orbit performance with high levels of confidence. Also to be discussed is the planned on-orbit characterization of ATMS, which will further improve both the measurement quality and the understanding of various error contributions. C1 [Blackwell, William J.; Leslie, R. Vincent] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Chidester, Lynn] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kim, Edward J.; Lyu, C. -H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mo, Tsan] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Blackwell, WJ (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM WJB@LL.MIT.EDU FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002]; United States Government FX This work was sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Air Force contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 32 EP 34 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6048890 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496300009 ER PT S AU Roman, MO Justice, C Csiszar, I Key, JR Devadiga, S Davidson, C Wolfe, R Privette, J AF Roman, Miguel O. Justice, Chris Csiszar, Ivan Key, Jeffrey R. Devadiga, Sadashiva Davidson, Carol Wolfe, Robert Privette, Jeff GP IEEE TI PRE-LAUNCH EVALUATION OF THE NPP VIIRS LAND AND CRYOSPHERE EDRs TO MEET NASA's SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MODIS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; ALBEDO AB This paper summarizes the NASA VIIRS Land Science team's findings to date with respect to the utility of the VIIRS Land and Cryosphere EDRs to meet NASA's science requirements. Based on previous assessments and results from a recent 51-day global test performed by the Land Product Evaluation and Analysis Tool Element (Land PEATE), the NASA VIIRS Land Science team has determined that, if all the Land and Cryosphere EDRs are to serve the needs of the science community, a number of changes to several products and the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) algorithm processing chain will be needed. In addition, other products will also need to be added to the VIIRS Land product suite to provide continuity for all of the MODIS land data record. As the NASA research program explores new global change research areas, the VIIRS instrument should also provide the polar-orbiting imager data from which new algorithms could be developed, produced, and validated. C1 [Roman, Miguel O.; Wolfe, Robert] NASA, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Code 614 5, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Justice, Chris] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 21228 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA Natl Environm Satellit, Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Devadiga, Sadashiva; Davidson, Carol; Wolfe, Robert] Sigma Space Corp NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Privette, Jeff] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Roman, MO (reprint author), NASA, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Code 614 5, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM Miguel.O.Roman@nasa.gov RI Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 154 EP 157 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6048921 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496300038 ER PT S AU Wu, XQ Qian, HF Yu, FF Beck, T AF Wu, Xiangqian Qian, Haifeng Yu, Fangfang Beck, Trevor GP IEEE TI VICARIOUS CALIBRATION OF GOES VISIBLE CHANNEL USING GOME-2 SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE GOES; visible channel; calibration; GOME-2; spectral characterization AB GOES Imager visible channel has no onboard calibration devices. While many methods of vicarious calibration exist, one of few viable options to render the calibration absolute is to make it traceable to MODIS. However, the spectral response function for the visible band of MODIS is very different from that of GOES Imager visible channel. In this study we use the hyperspectral data collected by GOME-2 to characterize the difference due to SRF under various conditions. It was found that this difference tends to be stable for bright clouds, although there are variations among GOES. This results offer guidance for target selection in inter-calibration with MODIS. C1 [Wu, Xiangqian; Beck, Trevor] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov; Haifeng.Qian@noaa.gov; Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov RI Qian, Haifeng/F-1987-2011; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1033 EP 1035 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049310 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301026 ER PT S AU Notarnicola, C Di Giuseppe, F Pasolli, L Temimi, M Ventura, B Zebisch, M AF Notarnicola, C. Di Giuseppe, F. Pasolli, L. Temimi, M. Ventura, B. Zebisch, M. GP IEEE TI A SYNERGETIC USE OF OBSERVATIONS FROM MODIS, SEVIRI MSG, ASAR AND AMSR-E TO INFER A DAILY SOIL MOISTURE INDEX SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Soil moisture; thermal inertia; MODIS; ASAR; AMSR-E ID THERMAL INERTIA; RETRIEVAL AB The objective of this study is to infer a soil moisture index from an approach mainly based on the concept of apparent thermal inertia (ATI). To reduce the effect of spurious variability and cloud presence, soil moisture temporal trend derived from passive microwave based product, namely the NASA AMSR-E-soil moisture product, are used as a tool to filter the data. The AMSR-E data due to their coarse resolution can be considered as natural "low pass filter" thus reducing the effect of noise. Furthermore, the approach considers the soil moisture estimates derived from SAR sensors and use them to spatially calibrate the information coming from the optical data. The algorithm has been validated over two different test areas in Italy and France where ground truth measurements were available. Four main clusters of ATI have been identified and classified into 4 different levels of wetness. In densely vegetated areas, only three classes of soil moisture were distinguishable. The comparison with ground measurements indicates an accuracy of around 88% on the Italian test sites and of 73% on the French test sites, the last mainly characterized by densely vegetated fields. C1 [Notarnicola, C.; Pasolli, L.; Ventura, B.; Zebisch, M.] EURAC Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Viale Druso 1, Bolzano, Italy. [Di Giuseppe, F.] ARPA ServizioIdroMeteoClima, Bologna, Italy. [Pasolli, L.] Trent Univ, Dept Informat Engn & Comp Sci, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Temimi, M.] NYU, City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Notarnicola, C (reprint author), EURAC Inst Appl Remote Sensing, Viale Druso 1, Bolzano, Italy. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1381 EP 1384 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049323 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301110 ER PT S AU Temimi, M Chaouch, N Hagen, SC Weishampel, J Medeiros, S Feyen, J Funakoshi, Y Khanbilvardi, R AF Temimi, Marouane Chaouch, Naira Hagen, Scott C. Weishampel, John Medeiros, Stephen Feyen, Jesse Funakoshi, Yuji Khanbilvardi, Reza GP IEEE TI A SYNERGETIC USE OF ACTIVE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS, OPTICAL IMAGES AND TOPOGRAPHY DATA FOR IMPROVED FLOOD MAPPING IN THE GULF OF MEXICO SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Radar; optical sensors; intertidal wetting front; change detection ID RADAR; SPACE AB This work proposes a method for detecting variation in water front between low and high tide conditions in the Gulf of Mexico area using high resolution satellite imagery. Radarsat 1, Landsat images and aerial photography from the Apalachicola region in Florida were used to test the proposed algorithm. A change detection approach was implemented through the analysis of RGB false color composites. In order to alleviate the effect of the inherent speckle in the SAR images ancillary data were used. The flood prone area was a priori delineated through the determination of lower and higher water contour lines with Landsat images and digital elevation model. This technique improved the performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to the detection technique using the entire scene. C1 [Temimi, Marouane; Chaouch, Naira; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Hagen, Scott C.; Weishampel, John; Medeiros, Stephen] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Feyen, Jesse; Funakoshi, Yuji] NOAA, NOS, OCS, CSDL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Temimi, M (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM temimi@ce.ccny.cuny.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1544 EP 1546 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301150 ER PT S AU Li, XF Zheng, WZ Yang, XF Pichel, WG Li, ZW AF Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Yang, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. Li, Ziwei GP IEEE TI SAR OBSERVATION AND WRF SIMULATION OF MARINE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER PHENOMENA SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE SAR; wind; gravity waves; WRF AB Marine atmospheric boundary phenomena, i.e., atmospheric gravity waves (AGW), vortex streets and boundary rolls, modulate the surface wind field and will leave imprints visible on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this case study, we present an ENVISAT SAR observation of AGW offshore of the mountain Laoshan along the yellow sea coast of China. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) weather model is used to simulate the development of this group of AGW. The model simulation and SAR observation agree reasonable well. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng; Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applcat, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 1593 EP 1595 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049451 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496301163 ER PT S AU Voronovich, AG Zavorotny, VU AF Voronovich, A. G. Zavorotny, V. U. GP IEEE TI DEPOLARIZATION OF MICROWAVE BACKSCATTERING FROM A ROUGH SEA SURFACE: MODELING WITH SMALL-SLOPE APPROXIMATION SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Rough surface scattering; active microwave; scatterometry; ocean surface winds ID SCATTERING AB Scatterometric wind retrieval based on HH- or VV-pol. radar backscatter experiences saturation at high winds, whereas recent measurements demonstrated that the cross-polarized signal, VH- or HV-pol. at high winds shows a strong dependence on wind speed. Explanation of such a behavior of the cross-polarized microwave radar from a theoretical standpoint represents a challenge. A classical composite Bragg (CB) theory significantly underestimates the level of measured cross-polarized radar return for all ranges of winds. Our study based on the small-slope approximation of the second order (SSA2) improves an agreement between the theory and the experiment for intermediate range of winds. The SSA2, as contrasted with the CB, always accounts for Bragg scattering of the second order which involves intermediate waves propagating at zero grazing angles (Wood's anomaly). Explanation of the cross-polarization scatterometric data at high winds would require going beyond the SSA2. One of the possible mechanisms could be breaking waves playing a role of retro-reflectors. C1 [Voronovich, A. G.; Zavorotny, V. U.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 2033 EP 2036 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496302013 ER PT S AU Rott, H Cline, DW Duguay, C Essery, R Etchevers, P Hajnsek, I Kern, M Macelloni, G Malnes, E Pulliainen, J Yueh, SH AF Rott, Helmut Cline, Donald W. Duguay, Claude Essery, Richard Etchevers, Pierre Hajnsek, Irena Kern, Michael Macelloni, Giovanni Malnes, Eirik Pulliainen, Jouni Yueh, Simon H. GP IEEE TI COREH2O, A DUAL FREQUENCY RADAR SATELLITE FOR COLD REGIONS HYDROLOGY SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Earth observation satellite; synthetic aperture radar; snow; ice; hydrology; radiative transfer AB The COld REgions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory (CoReH2O) satellite mission has been selected for detailed scientific and technical studies within the ESA Living Planet Programme. The mission addresses the need for distributed snow and ice observations to improve the representation of the cryosphere in climate models and the prediction of the water cycle. The sensor is a dual frequency SAR, operating at 17.2 GHz and 9.6 GHz, VV and VH polarizations. This configuration enables the decomposition of the scattering signal for retrieving snow mass (SWE) and other physical properties of snow and ice. A major task for mission preparation is the development and testing of algorithms for SWE retrieval. The baseline algorithm applies a constrained minimization approach, matching forward computed and measured backscatter by iterating for SWE, and effective grain size of the snow volume. Experimental campaigns on Ku- and X-band backscatter of snow deliver important information for retrieval development and validation. C1 [Rott, Helmut] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA NOHRSC, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Duguay, Claude] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Macelloni, Giovanni] CNR, IFAS, Florence, Italy. [Malnes, Eirik] NORUT, Tromso, Norway. [Pulliainen, Jouni] FMI, Helsinki, Finland. [Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rott, H (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Duguay, Claude/G-5682-2011; Macelloni, Giovanni /B-7518-2015; OI Duguay, Claude/0000-0002-1044-5850; Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 FU European Space Agency; ESTEC [22830/09/NL/JC, 22671/09/NL/JA] FX The investigations were supported by the European Space Agency, ESTEC Contracts No.22830/09/NL/JC and No. 22671/09/NL/JA.We Wish to thank T.Nagler and M.Hidinger (ENVEO IT) for perfoming Model calculations and preparing figures. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 2729 EP 2732 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049778 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496302188 ER PT S AU Gebril, M Homaifar, A Buaba, R Kihn, E AF Gebril, Mohamed Homaifar, Abdollah Buaba, Ruben Kihn, Eric GP IEEE TI SATELLITE IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Image retrieval; Image classification; Shape feature vector; Similarity measure AB In this paper, a semi-supervised technique based on support vector machine (SVM) for image classification and a Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) based searching algorithm to search for similarity of satellite imagery is presented. Given a query image, the goal is to retrieve matching images in the database based on the shape features extracted from satellite imagery data. The experimental results demonstrate superior results based on shape features which provide a better classification accuracy using both support vector machine and the semi-supervised hashing search methods. C1 [Gebril, Mohamed; Homaifar, Abdollah; Buaba, Ruben] North Carolina A&T State Univ, Autonomous Control & IT Ctr, NOAA ISET Ctr, Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gebril, M (reprint author), North Carolina A&T State Univ, Autonomous Control & IT Ctr, NOAA ISET Ctr, Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM mmgebril@ncat.edu; homaifar@ncat.edu; rbuaba@ncat.edu; Eric.A.Kihn@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program [NA06OAR4810187] FX This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Educational Partnership Program under Cooperative Agreement No: NA06OAR4810187. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 2935 EP 2938 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049830 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496302235 ER PT S AU Tesfagiorgis, K Mahani, SE Khanbilvardi, R AF Tesfagiorgis, Kibrewossen Mahani, Shayesteh E. Khanbilvardi, Reza GP IEEE TI MULTI-SOURCES PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION: MITIGATING GAPS OVER RADAR NETWORK COVERAGE SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Radar gap; Radar-gauge precipitation; Satellite precipitation; Bias correction; Merging AB Precipitation is one major parameter for various applications ranging from short term hydrological to long term climate studies. Rainfall measurements from ground-based radar networks are the most common precipitation product used as input of hydrologic models for flood forecasting. However, radar coverage itself is limited by different uncertainty sources such as terrain blockage and beam overshooting, even within fairly dense network. In the present study, a two-step approach for merging radar and satellite rainfall products is evaluated to mitigate an artificially created radar gap in Oklahoma. Real gap areas over radar network cannot be used as a test-bed due to lack of availability of radar rainfall required for validation of generated multi-sources product. Hourly satellite IR based Hydro-Estimator (HE) and radar Stage-IV (ST-IV) for the year 2006 are used in this study. The two steps of merging process are: 1) bias correction of the satellite rainfall product against radar rainfall using the method of ensembles; 2) merging the two, radar and satellite, rainfall products using the Successive Correction Method (SCM) and Bayesian to fill the artificially created gap areas over the radar network. The present study implies that merged radar like product is achievable over radar gap areas using the ensemble bias correction and merging approches. C1 [Tesfagiorgis, Kibrewossen; Mahani, Shayesteh E.; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Tesfagiorgis, K (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ktesfagiorgis@gc.cuny.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3054 EP 3057 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049861 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303010 ER PT S AU Effiong, EB Morris, VR Nalli, NR AF Effiong, Esther B. Morris, Vernon R. Nalli, Nicholas R. GP IEEE TI MORPHOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AIRBORNE SAHARAN DUST DURING THE AEROSOL AND OCEAN SCIENCE EXPEDITIONS (AEROSE) SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Africa; Atmosphere; Chemical elements; Microscopy; Oceans ID MINERAL DUST; PRODUCT AB The morphology and chemical composition of aerosols associated with Saharan dust outbreaks between July 2006 and 2009 off-shore of the African continent above the tropical North Atlantic Ocean is investigated. Conducted aboard the NOAA research ship Ronald H. Brown (RHB). The trans-Atlantic AEROsol and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE) are a series of intensive atmospheric field campaigns designed to investigate the surface chemistry and provide a unique data set to characterize the impact and microphysical evolution of Saharan dust during mobilization as a signature to different source regions. Elemental composition results for the 2006 AEROSE samples based on energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis system indicate a well-mixed dust-urban plume regime and reveal the presence of Al, C, Ca, Cd, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, O, Pb, S, and Si; while the 2009 samples being predominantly dust aerosols were dominated by crustal elements such as Al, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, O, P, S, Si, Sn, Ti, and Zn. The secondary electron images for both years reveal a variety of morphologies, but were dominated by chain-like association of spherules and non-spherical particles. Raman Microscopy affords an interpretation of the surface chemical processing and mixing state and revealed the presence of significant hydrocarbons in 2006, and sulfate for both years. Back trajectories show an outflow of air masses from Mauritania, Senegal, and a weak outflow from Algeria-Mali border for 2006 and Libya for 2009. C1 [Effiong, Esther B.] Howard Univ, NOAA Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Effiong, EB (reprint author), Howard Univ, NOAA Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM eeffiong@bison.howard.edu; vmorris@howard.edu; nick.nalli@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537 FU NOAA (EPP/MSI) [NA17AE1625, NA17AE1623 NCAS] FX This work is supported by the NOAA (EPP/MSI) under grant NA17AE1625 and NA17AE1623 NCAS NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3319 EP 3322 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049930 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303076 ER PT S AU Scott, D Bingham, G Fish, C Latvakowski, H Greenman, M Esplin, M Zavyalov, V Han, Y AF Scott, Deron Bingham, Gail Fish, Chad Latvakowski, Harri Greenman, Mark Esplin, Mark Zavyalov, Vladimir Han, Yong GP IEEE TI CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION ON-ORBIT PLAN OF THE NPOESS CROSSTRACK INFRARED SOUNDER (CRIS) SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE calibration; validation; on-orbit AB Calibration and validation of sensors is important for understanding how a sensor operates during its mission and shows the level of measurements that can be expected. The calibration is an on-going process throughout the mission but is most critical when the complete system comes together and during its initial stage after reaching orbit. Careful planning is required to accurately and efficiently collect data that characterizes the sensors response, process the data in a timely manner to generate results that are useful to mission science, apply the results for processing algorithms, and have a process for improvement as additional information about the sensor becomes available. This paper describes the calibration and validation plan of early on-orbit operations of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). The CrIS sensor is currently integrated on the NPP spacecraft that is scheduled to launch in October 2011. C1 [Scott, Deron; Bingham, Gail; Fish, Chad; Latvakowski, Harri; Greenman, Mark; Esplin, Mark; Zavyalov, Vladimir] Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Han, Yong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Scott, D (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3388 EP 3390 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049946 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303094 ER PT S AU Gu, DZ Houtz, D Randa, J Walker, DK AF Gu, Dazhen Houtz, Derek Randa, James Walker, David K. GP IEEE TI EXTRACTION OF REFLECTIVITY FROM MICROWAVE BLACKBODY TARGET WITH FREE-SPACE MEASUREMENTS SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Anechoic chamber; blackbody target; free-space calibration; reflection measurement; uncertainty analysis AB We report on the characterization of blackbody target reflections as part of the recent progress on the development of brightness temperature standards for microwave remote sensing at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The very low reflections from the blackbody targets used in airborne or satellite remote-sensing systems present challenges on how to extract reflection coefficients from the measurements. A full calibration technique was developed for this study by use of a flat aluminum plate used as a known standard in combination with measurements of the empty anechoic chamber. The theoretical basis and measurement procedures are presented. Calibration results validate the method by showing its independence from measurement hardware and conditions. A comparison between the theoretical prediction of reflection coefficients of a free-standing dielectric slab with well documented physical parameters and the de-embedded reflection coefficients from experiments confirms good calibration accuracy. The specific blackbody target used in this study shows well matched properties with a power reflectivity below -40 dB over the entire measurement band (18 GHz to 26 GHz). C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Houtz, Derek; Randa, James; Walker, David K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gu, DZ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3847 EP 3850 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050070 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303207 ER PT S AU Mo, T Han, Y Weng, FZ AF Mo, Tsan Han, Yong Weng, Fuzhong GP IEEE TI A STUDY OF THE NOAA NEAR-NADIR MICROWAVE HUMIDITY SOUNDER BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES OVER ANTARCTICA SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Microwave Humidity Sounder; Satellite Data; Brightness temperatures; Calibration and Validation AB Brightness temperatures from NOAA-18 and NOAA-19 MHS measurements are investigated over Antarctica to establish it as a natural vicarious calibration target for determination of the Inter-satellite/inter-sensor Calibration Biases (ICB) of the two MHS radiometers. Establishment of a natural test site for calibration references is important for calibration and validation of space-borne microwave instruments C1 [Mo, Tsan; Han, Yong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, T (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Mo, Tsan/F-5614-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 3975 EP 3978 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050102 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496303239 ER PT S AU Flynn, L Rault, D Jaross, G Petropavlovskikh, I Long, C Hornstein, J Beach, E Yu, W Niu, J Swales, D AF Flynn, L. Rault, D. Jaross, G. Petropavlovskikh, I. Long, C. Hornstein, J. Beach, E. Yu, W. Niu, J. Swales, D. GP IEEE TI NPOESS PREPARATORY PROJECT VALIDATION PLANS FOR THE OZONE MAPPING AND PROFILER SUITE SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 24-29, 2011 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc (IEEE GRSS) DE Ozone; Remote Sensing; Validation ID OMPS AB NOAA, through the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, in partnership with National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA), will launch the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite, a risk reduction and data continuity mission, prior to the first operational JPSS launch. The JPSS program will execute the NPP Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) program to ensure the data products comply with the requirements of the sponsoring agencies. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) consists of two telescopes feeding three detectors measuring solar radiance scattered by the Earth's atmosphere and solar irradiance by using diffusers. The measurements are used to generate estimates of total column ozone and vertical ozone profiles. The validation efforts will make use of external resources in the form of ground-based and satellite measurements for comparisons and internal consistency methods developed over the last thirty years. This paper provides information and references for the OMPS instrument, measurements, and products and some examples of components of the Cal/Val Plan with emphasis on the collaborative data and analysis techniques for the validation of the NPP OMPS environmental data products. Results for existing/proxy data sets are described to demonstrate the progress made in developing tools, creating and collecting test data, and expanding monitoring capabilities in preparation for the post-launch activities. C1 [Flynn, L.] NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Rault, D.] NASA, LaRC, Hampton 23681, VA USA. [Jaross, G.] SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Long, C.] NOAA, NWS Camp Springs, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hornstein, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Beach, E.; Niu, J.; Swales, D.] IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Yu, W.] Dell Syst, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Flynn, L (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4577-1005-6 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2011 BP 4161 EP 4163 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050148 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BXX72 UT WOS:000297496304032 ER PT S AU Bayler, E AF Bayler, Eric GP IEEE TI Implications of Satellite Sea-Surface Salinity Observations for Operational Microwave Radiometry SO 2011 IEEE - OCEANS SPAIN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 06-09, 2011 CL Santander, SPAIN SP IEEE ID PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS AB Global satellite sea-surface salinity (SSS) observations are now a reality; consequently, the influences of SSS on operational microwave radiometry need to be considered. At the same time, the in-progress transition of operational agencies from salinity-independent radiative transfer modeling (RTM) to a salinity-dependent RTM exposes non-negligible sources of error and uncertainty in past operational passive microwave retrievals; consequently, the impact of improved modeling of SSS influences on ocean surface permittivity, as a principal component of ocean surface emissivity, is examined. Both reductions and continuing elements of uncertainty due to SSS are explored. Ocean surface emissivity's interwoven dependencies on salinity, temperature, and frequency are highly nonlinear; consequently, impacts due to salinity will depend on the instrument, application, and situation. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Bayler, E (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Room 701,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2011 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BYN28 UT WOS:000299429000044 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Uda, S Rivenbark, CF AF Johnson, Ward L. Kim, Sudook A. Uda, Satoshi Rivenbark, Christine F. GP IEEE TI Acoustic damping in resonators of langasite and langatate at elevated temperatures SO 2011 IEEE SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 28-31, 2011 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE SENSORS Council, ANALOG DEVICES, Failte Ireland, irelandinspires.com, Silicon Labs, Sci Fdn Ireland (SFI), Intel, Competence Ctr, Microelect ID INDUCED FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; LANGANITE; ATMOSPHERE; CONSTANTS; SET AB Langasite (LGS), langatate (LGT), and similar piezoelectric crystals in the P321 crystal class have become an increasing focus of research during the past two decades, and much of the motivation for this research has been the application of these materials in high-temperature resonant acoustic sensing. The quality factor Q of these materials directly affects the resolution of sensors, and Q decreases dramatically at elevated temperatures. We present measurements and multi-frequency least-squares analysis of Q(-1) of LGS and LGT bulk-acoustic resonators as a function of temperature that reveal a superposition of physical effects contributing to the damping, including point-defect relaxations and intrinsic phonon-phonon loss. In LGS, these effects are superimposed on a background that increases with increasing temperature. Parameters for this background obtained from least-squares analysis are found to be consistent with an anelastic dislocation mechanism with a distribution of activation energies. The absence of a significant background of this type in LGT, over the measured temperature range, and associated differences in the crystal growth and phase diagrams of LGS and LGT provide support for the view that LGT is a more attractive choice for high-temperature sensing applications. C1 [Johnson, Ward L.; Kim, Sudook A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uda, Satoshi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Rivenbark, Christine F.] Univ Cent Florida, AMPAC, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9289-3 PY 2011 BP 1636 EP 1639 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYR66 UT WOS:000299901200402 ER PT J AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR Novotny, DB Sims, JE AF Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. Novotny, Donald B. Sims, June E. GP IEEE TI Advanced Thermal Sensors for Precision AC Voltage Metrology SO 2011 IEEE SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 28-31, 2011 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE SENSORS Council, ANALOG DEVICES, Failte Ireland, irelandinspires.com, Silicon Labs, Sci Fdn Ireland (SFI), Intel, Competence Ctr, Microelect ID DC TRANSFER DIFFERENCE; FREQUENCY-RANGE; CONVERTERS; MHZ AB We describe a new generation of thermal sensors for the measurement of ac voltages at frequencies up to 100 MHz. Electronics grade fused silica has been selected as a substrate material because it is significantly more robust than the previous generation of crystalline quartz, yet retains excellent dielectric properties. We report the design and fabrication of the new sensors, including the method of forming thin membranes, and present results for two sensor designs. Our latest devices show a reduction in the RF-DC of more than an order of magnitude over traditional high-frequency thermal sensors. We anticipate that the new sensors will enable significant reductions in the uncertainties in the NIST calibration service for RF-DC thermal converters. C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.; Novotny, Donald B.; Sims, June E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.lipe@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9289-3 PY 2011 BP 1716 EP 1719 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYR66 UT WOS:000299901200420 ER PT J AU Boukabara, SA Garrett, K AF Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Garrett, Kevin GP IEEE TI Benefits of a Hyperspectral Microwave Sensor SO 2011 IEEE SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Sensors CY OCT 28-31, 2011 CL Limerick, IRELAND SP IEEE, IEEE SENSORS Council, ANALOG DEVICES, Failte Ireland, irelandinspires.com, Silicon Labs, Sci Fdn Ireland (SFI), Intel, Competence Ctr, Microelect AB This study presents the scientific results that serve as arguments for advocating the development of a hyperspectral microwave sensor: a sensor with a high spectral resolution in imaging and sounding microwave bands. Some of the major benefits that will be discussed include the (1) Higher vertical resolution sounding in all-weather conditions, (2) Increased precision and accuracy of the products due to decreased crosstalk and to a better isolation of signals, (3) Reduced sensitivity to background information due to increased information content, (4) Extended spatial coverage, (5) Hydrometeors profiling in both liquid and frozen phases, (6) Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model forecast improvement, (7) Reduction in the uncertainties of the spectroscopic parameters in the microwave spectrum (line coupling, temperature dependence, line strengths and widths) and (8) Better physical modeling of absorption and scattering by atmospheric and surface parameters. The major application of such a sensor would be improving the forecast skills at both short-term and medium-range scales, especially in extreme weather. C1 [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Garrett, Kevin] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Boukabara, SA (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Sid.Boukabara@noaa.gov; Kevin.Garrett@noaa.gov RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806 NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9289-3 PY 2011 BP 1881 EP 1884 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BYR66 UT WOS:000299901200461 ER PT S AU Hughes, MK Diaz, HF Swetnam, TW AF Hughes, Malcolm K. Diaz, Henry F. Swetnam, Thomas W. BE Hughes, MK Swetnam, TW Diaz, HF TI Tree Rings and Climate: Sharpening the Focus SO DENDROCLIMATOLOGY: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS SE Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE Dendroclimatology; Tree rings; Climate reconstruction; Climate variability; Climate change ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PAST 1000 YEARS; ATLANTIC MULTIDECADAL OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION RECONSTRUCTIONS; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES AB A brief overview is given of the major contributions of dendroclimatology to current knowledge and understanding of climate variability and change. Particular attention is given to: (1) greatly enhanced information on the spectrum of climate variability, especially on interannual, decadal, and multidecadal timescales; (2) the history of regional to hemispheric temperatures over recent centuries; (3) the probable causes of the variability seen in tree-ring and other records over the past millennium; (4) attempts to determine the quantity 'climate sensitivity' of the Earth's climate system; and (5) reconstructions of the behavior of circulation features and of regional climates, notably drought. Emphasis is given to the importance of regional, continental, and broader-scale networks, as well as to a wide array of technical advances, in making these achievements possible. Then an impressive array of applications is discussed, ranging from ecology and hydrology to anthropology and archaeology. Finally, attention is given to the prospects for dendroclimatology, and in particular to suggestions for making best use of Us strengths and for overcoming its weaknesses. C1 [Hughes, Malcolm K.; Diaz, Henry F.; Swetnam, Thomas W.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diaz, Henry F.] Univ Colorado, NOAA Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hughes, MK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mhughes@ltrr.arizona.edu; Henry.F.Diaz@noaa.gov; tswetnam@ltrr.arizona.edu RI Swetnam, Thomas/A-6052-2008; Hughes, Malcolm/F-3350-2014 OI Swetnam, Thomas/0000-0001-7268-2184; Hughes, Malcolm/0000-0003-1062-3167 NR 158 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-5299 BN 978-1-4020-4010-8 J9 DEV PALEOENVIRON RES JI Dev. Paleoenviron. Res. PY 2011 VL 11 BP 331 EP 353 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5725-0_11 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5725-0 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Paleontology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Paleontology GA BYN49 UT WOS:000299442400011 ER PT J AU Arrott, M Alexander, C Graybeal, J Mueller, C Signell, R de La Beaujardiere, J Taylor, A Wilkin, J Powell, B Orcutt, J AF Arrott, Matthew Alexander, Charles Graybeal, John Mueller, Christopher Signell, Richard de La Beaujardiere, Jeff Taylor, Arthur Wilkin, John Powell, Brian Orcutt, John GP IEEE TI Building transparent data access for ocean observatories: Coordination of US IOOS DMAC with NSF's OOI Cyberinfrastructure SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE data access; ocean observatories; US IOOS; OOI; cyberinfrastructure; coastal modelers; DMAC AB The NOAA-led U. S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) have been collaborating since 2007 on advanced tools and technologies that ensure open access to ocean observations and models. Initial collaboration focused on serving ocean data via cloud computing - a key component of the OOI cyberinfrastructure (CI) architecture. As the OOI transitioned from planning to execution in the Fall of 2009, an OOI/IOOS team developed a customer-based "use case" to align more closely with the emerging objectives of OOI-CI team's first software release scheduled for Summer 2011 and provide a quantitative capacity for stress-testing these tools and protocols. A requirements process was initiated with coastal modelers, focusing on improved workflows to deliver ocean observation data. Accomplishments to date include the documentation and assessment of scientific workflows for two "early adopter" modeling teams from IOOS Regional partners (Rutgers - the State University of New Jersey and University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology) to enable full understanding of data sources and needs; generation of all-inclusive lists of the data sets required and those obtainable through IOOS; a more complete understanding of areas where IOOS can expand data access capabilities to better serve the needs of the modeling community; and development of "data set agents" (software) to facilitate data acquisition from numerous data providers and conversions of the data format to the OOI-CI canonical form. C1 [Arrott, Matthew; Graybeal, John] Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Alexander, Charles; de La Beaujardiere, Jeff] NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mueller, Christopher] Appl Sci Assoc Inc, S Kingstown, RI USA. [Signell, Richard] USGS, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Taylor, Arthur] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorolog Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wilkin, John] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Powell, Brian] Univ HI, Sch Oceanog & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Orcutt, John] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Arrott, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU JOI [JSA7-11]; NSF [OCE-0418967]; Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Inc.; NOAA [NA17RJ1231]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego FX The OOI Cyberinfrastructure effort described in this paper is funded through the JOI Subaward, JSA7-11, which in turn is funded by the NSF contract OCE-0418967 with the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Inc. The intial OOI- IOOS collaboration described in this paper was funded through the NOAA cooperative agreement # NA17RJ1231, with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800089 ER PT J AU Bayler, E AF Bayler, Eric GP IEEE TI Passive Microwave Observation Spatial Biases and Uncertainty Induced by Sea-surface Salinity SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE geophysical measurements; ocean salinity; passive microwave remote sensing AB Using in situ sea-surface salinity (SSS) climatology for passive microwave ocean surface emissivity calculations introduces biases resulting from climatology observations that are very sparse in space and time. Newly available satellite SSS measurements provide the means to examine the significance and global distribution of these biases, as well as the significance of data uncertainty to passive microwave retrievals. This study explores the biases and uncertainty of Level-3 SSS data from the Soil Moisture-Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Barcelona Expert Centre (BEC) with respect to climatology and relates them to passive microwave significance in terms of surface brightness temperature. C1 NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Bayler, E (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Eric.Bayler@noaa.gov RI Bayler, Eric/F-5575-2010 OI Bayler, Eric/0000-0002-9492-3310 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800048 ER PT J AU Bernard, EN Meinig, C AF Bernard, Eddie N. Meinig, Christian GP IEEE TI History and Future of Deep-Ocean Tsunami Measurements SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE tsunami detection; tsunameter; real-time tsunami measurements; tsunami detection history; DART ID PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; FLOOR AB The history of the development of real-time measurements of tsunamis in the deep ocean for the purpose of forecasting coastal tsunami impacts will be presented, with early history to include the various instruments tested to determine IF tsunamis could be measured in the deep ocean. The measurement of pressure changes induced by the tsunami required a high resolution pressure sensor installed on the seafloor, to provide a motionless environment that allowed the ocean to filter out higher frequency ocean waves. Instruments included bourdon tubes and vibrating crystals that rested on the seafloor and used the depth of the ocean as a pressure reference. Once deep ocean measurements were deemed possible, testing and evaluation was used to identify which technology was accurate, affordable, and reliable enough to be used for tsunami forecasting under tsunami warning conditions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) had completed the research and development, including an operational prototype, by October of 2003, when the technology was transferred to NOAA operations. The first generation Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART I) array consisted of six stations strategically located off Alaska, Oregon, and near the equator to detect tsunamis originating in the Chile/Peru area. The original DART array demonstrated its value within four months by measuring a small tsunami originating in Alaska and relaying these data to NOAA's Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in real time. The tsunami data indicated a nondestructive tsunami had been generated and evacuation of Hawaii's coastline was unnecessary, saving the cost of a nonessential evacuation. The December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed over 235,000 people, led to the development of the second generation system, named DART II because of the two-way communication link from seafloor to desktop. Another impact of this horrific tsunami was the appearance of many technologies that were touted as being able to detect tsunamis in the deep ocean. Satellite-based technologies, radar-based technologies, and acoustic-based technologies were identified as tsunami detection technologies. However, these technologies could not measure tsunamis as accurately, reliably, and within time constraints required to forecast tsunamis in real time. The pressure-measurement-based DART technology prevailed as the most affordable and accurate technology to measure tsunamis for real-time forecasting. By 2008, NOAA had expanded the original DART array from 6 to 39 stations in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Because the U. S. wanted to make this technology available to all nations, NOAA licensed the patents for the technology and a commercial DART was manufactured by a U. S. private company that currently provides DART technology to foreign countries. Meanwhile, NOAA continued to make improvements to the original design, reducing operating costs and improving reliability. By 2010, over 40 tsunamis had been measured using DART technology and the third generation DART system had become a part of the operational global array. The DART ETD (Easy to Deploy) is more affordable and does not require large ships or highly specialized crew to deploy and maintain the operational arrays. These new developments in DART technology hold promise for a global network of DART stations supporting a standardized global tsunami warning system. C1 [Bernard, Eddie N.; Meinig, Christian] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bernard, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Eddie.Bernard@comcast.net; Christian.Meinig@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800003 ER PT J AU Carpenter, DD Beets, RR Crout, RL AF Carpenter, Danielle D. Beets, Raymond R. Crout, Richard L. GP IEEE TI National Data Buoy Center Transition of the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Program SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE buoy; TAO; El Nino; technological refresh; climate AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) operates and maintains 55 Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys in the equatorial Pacific Ocean from 9 degrees N latitude to 8 degrees S latitude and 95 degrees W longitude to 165 degrees E longitude. The TAO array was developed after the need was determined following the 1982-1983 El Nino event, which had evaded detection by the science community until well into its maturity. NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) is an interdisciplinary organization whose focal point is collecting open ocean data for monitoring and predicting purposes. PMEL's TAO project was created with help from NOAA's Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) program to enhance the understanding and prediction of El Nino and La Nina events. PMEL completed the TAO array in December of 1994 and in 2005, PMEL began transitioning the TAO array (55 TAO buoys and four Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs)) to NDBC, first in data management and quality control (QC) and later in next-generation creation and implementation of buoys. The technology equipping the TAO array has become obsolescent. Many components are no longer offered or supported by manufacturers, and to maintain the continuity of the TAO array a technological "refresh" was necessary. The data logger and the temperature-conductivity sensors are two of the major refreshed components. Maximum cost-effectiveness was a high priority in the refresh effort. Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) underwater temperature-conductivity sensors were utilized, as well as a new all-purpose data collection system, the Advanced Modular Payload System (AMPS), and a new Short Burst Data (SBD) Iridium (R) (Iridium Communications Inc.) data transmission process. Developed by NDBC, AMPS is also presently deployed on many of NDBC's real-time weather buoys. The refresh effort began in 2006. Since May 2007, NDBC has tested TAO refresh systems to determine their capacity to replace PMEL's Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System (ATLAS) buoy, which communicates over the Service Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) system. Refresh buoys are configured to transmit high-resolution (10-minute) data hourly over the SBD Iridium satellite system, providing a capability only available previously following delayed mode processing. Lab sensor comparisons were conducted between ATLAS and refresh sensors and the performance was found to be favorable. Refresh buoys have been deployed within 10 km of nearby ATLAS buoys for direct comparisons of data quality and data availability. COTS have been proven effective in the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) TRIangle Trans-Ocean buoy Network (TRITON) array. With COTS and AMPS both used across NDBC weather and ocean stations, the maintainability, reliability, continuity, and availability of environmental data will be maximized. Presented are the results of real-time refresh data availability studies, NDBC's deployment plan, and how NDBC's Data Assembly Center (DAC) will handle the changes in data processing. From June 1, 2010 to June 1, 2011, the refresh buoys at 5 degrees S 140 degrees W, 8 degrees N 155 degrees W, 2 degrees S 170 degrees W, 2 degrees S 165 degrees E, and 8 degrees S 165 degrees E provided high data availability percentages proving that the refresh system can provide data reliability as a replacement for the legacy buoys. NDBC plans to deploy refresh systems in place of legacy systems beginning in August 2011. The abundance of new data made available in real-time presents new challenges for quality control efforts of data in the DAC. One challenge is inductive noise associated with sensors located on the inductive line and new Environmental Quality Control (EQC) limits to address them. It is estimated that the refresh effort of all TAO buoys in the Pacific array will be completed by the end of 2015. C1 [Carpenter, Danielle D.; Beets, Raymond R.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr 3203, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Crout, Richard L.] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Carpenter, DD (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr 3203, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU PMEL; SAIC NDBC FX The authors wish to thank PMEL for their continuous input and support for the TAO program. They also wish to thank SAIC & NDBC for their support of this paper. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800119 ER PT J AU Crout, RL McCall, W AF Crout, Richard L. McCall, Walt GP IEEE TI Use of existing current profiling assets in the Gulf of Mexico to support the Deepwater Horizon response SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Deepwater Horizon; Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; ADCP; MC-252; oil spill; subsurface monitoring AB The explosion and collapse of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (MC-252) in the Gulf of Mexico in mid-April 2010 began the largest release of oil into the environment in US history. From 23 April, when the first oil sheen was noted on the surface, until 15 July, when the well was capped, oil flowed at varying rates from 1500 meters below the surface. Because of the high rate of flow and the use of dispersants, a cloud of oil and gas droplets was trapped between 1000 and 1300 meters depth. As the cloud was moved away by ambient currents, new oil and gas was added to the cloud. Since 2005, oil and gas platforms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico have been collected current profile data as mandated by the former Minerals Management Service (now the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement) in a Notice to Lessees (NTL). The data are transmitted to the National Data Buoy Center, where it would be quality controlled, stored, and broadcast over the Global Telecommunications System. The Deepwater Horizon was equipped with a 38 kHz Teledyne RDI ADCP and transmitted data minutes before the explosion occurred on the platform. Other platforms in the area, including Ram-Powell, Mars, and Holstein were collecting ADCP data during this time. The drilling rig used to drill the relief well, Development Driller 3 was also equipped with a 38 kHz ADCP, as was the Discoverer Enterprise rig used to bring oil and gas to the surface from the riser and BOP. The Development Driller 3 was in place at MC-252 and collecting ADCP data beginning 1 May 2010. The Discoverer Enterprise was drilling 55 km to the south-southwest of the Deepwater Horizon rig at the time it exploded. It remained there for ten days before moving to MC-252, 9 May 2010 to begin offloading oil and gas from the spill and collecting ADCP data. These two ADCP deployments of 38 kHz ADCPs, which penetrate to almost 1200 meters water depth, under good conditions, provided important information at the site of the spill during the time that oil was flowing. The ADCP captures a time history of the direction that the oil and gas cloud moved away from the well head site. Weekly resultant current speed and direction information indicate the transport of the cloud. Additional ADCPs on platforms to the southwest of the Deepwater Horizon site provide information about the transport of the oil and gas clouds as they moved in that direction. CTD cast-based fluorometer and dissolved oxygen signatures of the oil in the months following the spill indicate the extent of the oil cloud at 1000 to 1300 meter depths. Combined with the ADCP data, a time history of the movement of the oil and gas cloud is possible. C1 [Crout, Richard L.; McCall, Walt] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Richard.crout@noaa.gov; Walt.mccall@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800195 ER PT J AU DiMassa, DD Heron, ML Heron, SF AF DiMassa, Diane D. Heron, Malcolm L. Heron, Scott F. GP IEEE TI HF Radar: A Tool for Coral Reef Planning and Management SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB This paper builds on previous research on turbulent kinetic energy concepts in the coral reef domain, and develops it as a management tool. HF ocean radar data from the southern Great Barrier Reef are used to identify times and locations when a critical value of the Simpson-Hunter parameter is exceeded and the water column becomes vertically mixed. When this happens, any stratification is removed and with it the potential for a warm surface layer to form under insolation is diminished. Further, it is the destruction of stratification that is a primary condition for mitigation of coral bleaching conditions. Therefore, the Simpson-Hunter parameter evaluated by HF ocean radar becomes an indicator of one of the drivers of a fully mixed water column; if this driver is present then irrespective of wind, waves or cloud cover, coral bleaching will be inhibited. This paper reviews the contribution that currents make to mixing in the water column and takes a further step to evaluate the use of surface current data to provide an index of vertical mixing. The phased array HF Ocean Radar deployed in the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef maps surface currents on a 4 km grid covering an area of over 150 km x 150 km. This instrument provides a map of surface currents with high spatial resolution every 10 minutes over the grid. Variation in maximum surface current is a strong indicator of variation in turbulent mixing, and over a meso-scale area one would expect to find some reefs that enjoy a more turbulent current regime, and hence exhibit more resilience against coral bleaching. The end-point of this research is to produce a map of the Capricorn/Bunker groups of islands and reefs in the southern Great Barrier Reef which shows relative susceptibility to coral bleaching. C1 [DiMassa, Diane D.] Massachusetts Maritime Acad, Buzzards Bay, MA 02532 USA. [Heron, Malcolm L.] Australian Coastal Ocean Radar Network, Austin, MN USA. [Heron, Scott F.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Austin, MN USA. RP DiMassa, DD (reprint author), Massachusetts Maritime Acad, Buzzards Bay, MA 02532 USA. RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011 FU NOAA Australian Research Council [LP0562157]; Queensland State Government; Australian Government FX Funding for this work is provided through NOAA Australian Research Council Linkage Grant LP0562157 led by Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, University of Queensland. Infrastructure was provided through the Integrated Marine Observing System (www.imos.org.au) Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System Node, funded by the Queensland State Government and the Australian Governments National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and the Super Science Initiative. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801093 ER PT J AU Dugan, PJ Ponirakis, DW Zollweg, JA Pitzrick, MS Morano, JL Warde, AM Rice, AN Clark, CW Van Parijs, SM AF Dugan, Peter J. Ponirakis, Dimitri W. Zollweg, John A. Pitzrick, Michael S. Morano, Janelle L. Warde, Ann M. Rice, Aaron N. Clark, Christopher W. Van Parijs, Sofie M. GP IEEE TI SEDNA - Bioacoustic Analysis Toolbox SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Long-Term Spectrogram; Passive Acoustic Monitoring; High Performance Computing ID AUTOMATIC DETECTION; NOISE; WHALES; HEALTH AB The possible effects of anthropogenic noise on the marine environment is becoming an important topic in the oceanic community. The exploration for fossil-fuel or alternative energy and the construction of facilities to support these endeavors often requires sizable construction efforts; which usually require permitting to study the impact of noise on the environment. Of particular interest is the variety of data products used to influence environmental impact reports and the processing time required to generate these data from large amounts of passive acoustic recordings. This paper outlines work being done by the Bioacoustics Research Program at Cornell University and the Lab of Ornithology, (BRP) for developing MATLAB tools in support of environmental compliance reporting. Due to the success of acoustic monitoring, understanding acoustic signatures is now becoming part of environmental impact assessment and required compliance for permitting. BRP has leveraged various existing tools and capabilities which result in integrated special purpose software tools within a MATLAB toolbox called SEDNA(1). SEDNA incorporates various tools to measure acute and chronic noise levels, detect and classify marine mammal vocalizations, and compute various metrics such as receive levels, signal excess, masking and communication space. This work will summarize the high performance computing strategy used in the SEDNA Toolbox along with the capability to integrate various layers of data within a modeling framework that incorporates ambient noise, vessel and animal data. Finally, the work will demonstrate the power of this approach through animated data visualization, showing animal, vessel and ambient noise integrated over relatively large temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Dugan, Peter J.; Ponirakis, Dimitri W.; Zollweg, John A.; Pitzrick, Michael S.; Morano, Janelle L.; Warde, Ann M.; Rice, Aaron N.; Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] Ne Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Dugan, PJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. EM pjd78@cornell.edu FU Excelerate Energy; LLC; Neptune LNG; WorleyParsons; Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS) FX Funding was provided by: Excelerate Energy, LLC, Neptune LNG, LLC, WorleyParsons, and Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801190 ER PT J AU Eble, M Moore, C Titov, V Denbo, D Mungov, G Bouchard, R AF Eble, Marie Moore, Christopher Titov, Vasily Denbo, Donald Mungov, George Bouchard, Richard GP IEEE TI Signal-to-noise ratio and the isolation of the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami in deep-ocean tsunameter records. SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE signal-to-noise; tsunami; Tohoku; tsunami forecast; tsunameter AB The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tsunami forecasting capability under collaborative development between the National Weather Service, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, the National Geophysical Data Center, and the National Data Buoy Center depends on rapid isolation of a deep-ocean tsunami signal during tsunami propagation. Typical tsunami signal-to-noise ratios in the deep-ocean are such that de-tiding based on a combination of standard tidal harmonic predictions and carefully constructed filters are necessary to isolate the tsunami from records dominated by local tides and environmentally induced background noise. The unprecedented amplitudes measured at deep-ocean tsunameter sites offshore Japan during the propagation phase of the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami provide an atypical scenario of high signal-to-noise ratios by which to evaluate the historic nature of this tsunami in terms of signal isolation for the forecasting of tsunami amplitude and inundation along Pacific Basin coastlines. Tsunami isolation for real-time forecasting during the more typical event scenarios of 27 February 2010 Chile and 29 September 2009 Samoa require specific techniques to minimize impact on the tsunami signal. C1 [Eble, Marie; Moore, Christopher; Titov, Vasily; Denbo, Donald] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mungov, George] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Moore, Christopher; Denbo, Donald] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle 98115, WA USA. [Bouchard, Richard] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr Stennis Space, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Eble, M (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801189 ER PT J AU Fuks, I Godin, OA AF Fuks, Iosif Godin, Oleg A. GP IEEE TI Generation of Acoustic-Gravity Waves by a Submerged Monopole Source Located Near the Water-Air Interface SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Lamb wave; underwater sound; acoustic-gravity waves; energy flux; wave propagation ID LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; TRANSMISSION; ATMOSPHERE; LAMB AB Powerful underwater explosions and certain natural sources, such as underwater landslides, generate very low-frequency waves in water and air, for which both fluid buoyancy and compressibility simultaneously serve as restoring forces. In this paper, analysis of sound transmission through air-water interface is extended to acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs). It is found that, as for sound, the interface becomes anomalously transparent for sufficiently shallow compact sources of AGWs. The increase of wave power flux into air due to diffraction effects can reach several orders of magnitude. Physical mechanisms responsible for the anomalous transparency are discussed. Excitation of an interface wave by an underwater source is shown to be an important channel of AGW transmission into atmosphere, which has no counterpart in the case of sound. C1 [Fuks, Iosif; Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuks, I (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800026 ER PT J AU Harlan, J Allen, A Howlett, E Terrill, E Kim, SY Otero, M Glenn, S Roarty, H Kohut, J O'Donnell, J Fake, T AF Harlan, Jack Allen, Arthur Howlett, Eoin Terrill, Eric Kim, Sung Yong Otero, Mark Glenn, Scott Roarty, Hugh Kohut, Josh O'Donnell, James Fake, Todd GP IEEE TI National IOOS High Frequency Radar Search and Rescue Project SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES ID HF RADAR; NETWORK AB The U. S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) partners have begun an effort to extend the use of high frequency (HF) radar for U. S. Coast Guard (USCG) search and rescue operations to all U. S. coastal areas with HF radar coverage. This project builds on the success of an IOOS and USCG-supported regional USCG search and rescue product created by Applied Science Associates (ASA), Rutgers University and University of Connecticut for the mid-Atlantic region. We describe the regional product and the expanded national product's two main components: optimally-interpolated velocity fields and a predicted velocity field. The regional product uses optimally-interpolated fields of HF radar-derived ocean surface current component estimates and then an extrapolation in time using local estimates of the autocorrelation function. The forecast fields are the result of a suite of applications known as the Short Term Prediction System (STPS). STPS, originally developed by the University of Connecticut for the USCG, uses a Gauss-Markov approach to compute forecasts of the surface velocity field. The USCG search and rescue operations center began operational access to the regional product in May 2009. Presently, the IOOS national HF radar network is composed of 128 radars covering most of the coastal waters of the U. S. The data from each radar are ingested by a trio of national servers, providing data redundancy and failover capability. To provide further robustness, these servers are widely separated geographically, being located at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California, Rutgers University in New Jersey and the NOAA National Data Buoy Center in Mississippi. The current project, extending the optimal interpolation and STPS products to all coastal areas, began in FY2011 with the original partners, mentioned above, as well as Scripps Institution of Oceanography which is implementing nationwide the optimal interpolation code (originally developed at SIO) and providing near-real-time HF radar data to ASA, developers of the USCG's data server system. Rutgers University originally implemented, tested and hardened the optimal interpolation software code for the mid-Atlantic region and will test and validate the new codefor the entire East and Gulf coasts. Testing will involve comparisons of the optimally interpolated HF radar data fields with USCG Self-Locating Data Marker Buoys (SLDMB), similar to the well-known Davis drifters and other conventional current measurement sensor data provided by IOOS regional partners. Meanwhile, STPS will be tested throughout those U. S. coastal waters monitored by HF radars. STPS parameters are optimized to ensure realistic regional coastal ocean dynamics are represented in the forecasts. The optimal interpolation software (also known as an objective mapping technique) is applied to the HF radar surface velocity vector field using both observed and idealized covariance matrices. This mapping results in a smoothed vector field and fills in spatial gaps as well. This is in contrast to the conventional widely-used unweighted least squares technique. A further benefit is that the method provides an improved uncertainty estimate of the velocity vector field. Both the gap-filling and the uncertainty estimates will be beneficial for the ingest of HF radar data into the NOAA Office of Response and Restoration's General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME). GNOME provides its own prediction algorithms so would not need to use the the STPS. By providing both the optimally-interpolated HF radar-derived surface current velocity fields and the STPS-derived predictions, we will enhance the information available for both USCG coastal search and rescue operations and NOAA's oil spill response operations. C1 [Harlan, Jack] NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Allen, Arthur] US Coast Guard, New London, CT USA. [Howlett, Eoin] Appl Sci Associat, Kingston, RI USA. [Terrill, Eric; Kim, Sung Yong; Otero, Mark] Coastal Observing R&D Ctr, Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Glenn, Scott; Roarty, Hugh; Kohut, Josh] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ USA. [O'Donnell, James; Fake, Todd] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT USA. RP Harlan, J (reprint author), NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800193 ER PT J AU Heitsenrether, RM Hensley, WM Boon, JD AF Heitsenrether, Robert M. Hensley, Winston M., III Boon, John D. GP IEEE TI Results from NOAA's Test and Evaluation of Microwave Radar Water Level Sensors and Plans for a Transition to Operational Applications SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) is responsible for developing and maintaining the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON), which consists of over 200 long-term observatories located across U. S. coasts, including the Great Lakes and U. S. island territories. CO-OPS continues to analyze state-of-the-art and emerging technologies to identify potential improvements in data quality and operating efficiency and to maintain core expertise for authorized missions. The international ocean observing community has recognized that microwave radar range sensors offer many potential benefits for long-term sea level monitoring. The most notable advantage of such sensors is the ability to measure water level remotely and from above the sea surface. Over the past 3.5 years, CO-OPS has conducted a series of extensive laboratory and long-term field tests with several different microwave radar range sensors to determine their suitability for use as water level sensors in NWLON and other CO-OPS measurements systems. Intermediate results from CO-OPS' extensive test efforts have been previously reported at various conferences and through several reports over the last three years. This paper provides a summary update on field test analysis conducted to date and reports a significant milestone to which most recent results have led: CO-OPS has recommended limited acceptance of radar water level sensors for use in its network of coastal observatories, and a transition of the new technology to operational applications is currently underway. In addition to a summary of most recent field test results, highlights from CO-OPS' plan to transition the microwave radar water level sensors to its network of operational coastal observatories will be presented, along with progress on initial operational installations. A summary of continued field testing to better understand microwave radar sensor performance capability and limitations in open ocean, large wave environments will also be presented. C1 [Heitsenrether, Robert M.; Hensley, Winston M., III] NOAA, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. [Boon, John D.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Heitsenrether, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. FU U.S. Government; U.S. copyright FX U.S. Government work not protected by U.S. copyright NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801046 ER PT J AU Keener, P AF Keener, Paula GP IEEE TI Enhancing Ocean Science Literacy in the US and Abroad Through NOAA Ocean Exploration SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE NOAA; Okeanos Explorer; Baruna Jaya IV; Index 2010; Ocean Literacy; Coral Triangle; Exploration Command Centers; Little Hercules; Seaworld Indonesia; The Exploratorium; Education Materials Collection; STEM; President's Panel; Wallace's Line AB In the summer of 2010, an international team of scientists and educators from the United States and the Republic of Indonesia collaborated to explore little-known deep-sea ecosystems off Indonesia. Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Okeanos Explorer along with the Indonesian Research and Fisheries Vessel Baruna Jaya IV, the Indonesia-USA Deep-Sea Exploration of the Sangihe Talaud Region Expedition (INDEX 2010) was the first major step in a multi-year partnership between the two governments to mutually advance ocean science, technology and education. The expedition, also the maiden voyage of the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer, was the first joint international mission with two ships sending live video and audio via telepresence to ocean explorers in Exploration Command Centers ashore in both countries. Both governments were deeply committed to education and outreach to raise awareness of the importance of exploring Indonesia's deep sea. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) produced robust education materials/offerings to bring the science of the expedition into classrooms, aquariums and science museums/centers. Several of the education products were translated into Bahasa Indonesian. There were productive collaborations with SeaWorld-Indonesia in Jakarta and The Exploratorium in San Francisco, CA to ensure success of these efforts. Concurrent with the expedition, OER developed the Okeanos Explorer Education Materials Collection (Collection) to encourage educators and students to become personally involved with the voyages and discoveries of the Okeanos Explorer America's first Federal ship dedicated to ocean exploration. An online workshop in the use of Volume 1 in the Collection: Why Do We Explore? was also hosted in partnership with the College of Exploration. This paper focuses on the education efforts associated with INDEX 2010. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Keener, P (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM paula.keener-chavis@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801214 ER PT J AU Kohler, C Grissom, K Wise, J AF Kohler, Craig Grissom, Karen Wise, Jeffery GP IEEE TI Designing a Test Buoy for Improving the Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (R)) System SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB Mooring performance improvement is one of the National Data Buoy Center's (NDBC) highest priorities for their Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (R)) program. A mooring failure results in the station becoming nonoperational due to the break in acoustic communications between the moored buoy and the Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR). Mooring failures are very costly due to the additional ship time required to recover the adrift buoy and the replacement cost of the mooring. The buoys may also drift far enough away where recovery is no longer economically viable and the buoy is lost. The purpose of the DART (R) test buoy is to operationally test medium frequency transducers and validate and tune the DART (R) mooring models. The DART (R) system currently uses low frequency transducers for acoustic communications as shown in Figure 1. The acoustic cone of the low frequency transducers requires a taut mooring to sustain continuous communications. Medium frequency transducers have a larger acoustic cone and therefore may use a slack mooring with resulting lower stress. The test buoy will be outfitted with several sensors that will provide data on ocean currents, tension in the upper mooring and motions of the buoy and upper mooring. Other additional benefits of the test buoy are to operationally test primary lithium battery packs and to access an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) as a tool to determine DART (R) station siting suitability. C1 [Kohler, Craig; Grissom, Karen; Wise, Jeffery] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Kohler, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800118 ER PT J AU Lawson, RA Graham, D Stalin, S Meinig, C Tagawa, D Lawrence-Slavas, N Hibbins, R Ingham, B AF Lawson, R. A. Graham, D. Stalin, S. Meinig, C. Tagawa, D. Lawrence-Slavas, N. Hibbins, R. Ingham, B. GP IEEE TI The Next Generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) Tsunami Assessment Buoy SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB This paper addresses the first year of commercial operations of the next-generation tsunami assessment system. Building upon their success with the Deep-ocean Assessment and Recording of Tsunamis (DART (R)) buoy systems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) spent over five years of research and development designing the next-generation Easy-to-Deploy (ETD) DART (R) system. Through technology transfer and license agreements, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) produced the first commercial ETD DART (R) systems in 2010. SAIC ETD DARTs (R) were deployed in the Coral Sea on August 27, 2010 and in the Tasman Sea on April 8, 2011. A third system is scheduled to be deployed south of Bali in August 2011. The Coral Sea ETD DART (R) System has been in the ocean operating continuously for over a year. The ETD DARTs (R) performance has been exceptional at both the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea locations despite challenging environmental conditions. The Coral Sea system has weathered the impact of a Category 5 cyclone and has detected several tsunami events including the globally observed Honshu tsunami. By design, the ETD DART (R) offers significant cost advantages over standard tsunami assessment systems. The ETD DART (R) is designed to be deployed by small and fast response vessels, requires fewer trained personnel, and takes only minutes of deployment time. The SAIC ETD DART (R) has been certified fully operational and is now an important new technology available to support the global tsunami detection network. C1 [Lawson, R. A.; Graham, D.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Stalin, S.; Meinig, C.; Tagawa, D.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.] NOAA, Pacif Marine Environ Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hibbins, R.; Ingham, B.] Australian Bureau Meteoro, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Lawson, RA (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 4025 Hancock St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801020 ER PT J AU Neumann, D AF Neumann, Daniel GP IEEE TI The XML Hydrographic Metadata System and the Hydrographic Survey Metadata Data Base (HSMDB) SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB Metadata is crucial for the efficient archiving and retrieval of hydrographic survey data. Currently, hydrographic metadata is created in multiple formats and housed in manually populated databases. NOAA's Office of Cost Survey (OCS) is developing tools, using eXtensible Markup Language (XML), to enable NOAA to provide structured XML packaging of information that will allow metadata to be constrained and parsed more efficiently for multiple outputs. When completed, this will support a more efficient, semi-automated workflow for capturing metadata throughout the hydrographic survey lifecycle. This lifecycle is from initial project instructions to final descriptive reports and other supporting documents. Part of the improved workflow is eliminating the manual input of metadata to the authoritative HSMDB at the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Timely automated update will free Hydrographic survey Division (HSD) data control resources to focus on HSMDB population of archived hydrographic surveys. This will in turn enable different user communities to easily query and harvest more historic hydrographic survey information. This paper will first offer an overview of the current status and proposed end product of the XML system. Secondly, the interaction of this XML as an extract and insert tool for the HSMDB will be explored stressing the notion that "enter once, use multiple times" approach greatly reduces errors, while also increasing efficiency and usability. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Neumann, D (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 East0-W Highway,Stn 6715, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dan.neumann@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800062 ER PT J AU Riley, R Teng, CC Bouchard, R Dinoso, R Mettlach, T AF Riley, Rodney Teng, Chung-Chu Bouchard, Richard Dinoso, Richard Mettlach, Theodore GP IEEE TI Enhancements to NDBC's Digital Directional Wave Module SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES AB The present paper describes advancements that the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has achieved recently in improving its Digital Directional Wave Module (DDWM). Using the 3DM-GX1 (R) (MicroStrain (R), inc.) in the DDWM has expanded wave-measuring capability by addition of a triaxial acceleration package in place of a single, along-mast accelerometer used in the older NDBC wave system called the Angular Rate Sensor (ARS). NDBC has initiated two important changes in onboard processing. First, we transform along-mast accelerations to true vertical accelerations using measurements of pitch and roll angle. This change eliminates potential errors arising from a constant buoy heel angle. Second, NDBC has changed from a linear noise correction to an f(-2) inverse power function. The NDBC Engineering Laboratory has carefully tested these changes using apparatus of the Dr. Ed Michelena Sensor Test Facility, NDBC's latest mechanical wave machine, the Desktop Wave Simulator (DTWS) and a detailed electronic computational wave model, the Directional Wave Simulation Software (DWSS). The DWSS was developed to examine extreme conditions that cannot be simulated in the laboratory. It also provides a method to obtain a known input for end-to-end system testing or evaluating future on-board processing modifications. In addition, triaxial accelerations are used to determine the average pitch and roll angles of the platform without need of a separate tilt sensor. The latest version of the DDWM can be used in either directional or nondirectional modes. A compact flash memory unit is now installed as a standard feature on all DDWM units, providing high-resolution records of raw measurements. C1 [Riley, Rodney; Teng, Chung-Chu; Bouchard, Richard] NOAA Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Teng, Chung-Chu] NOAA, Ctr For Operatiomal Oceangraph Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Dinoso, Richard; Mettlach, Theodore] Sci Appilicat Int Corp, NOAA Natl Data Buoy Ctr Tech Serv Contract, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Riley, R (reprint author), NOAA Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800130 ER PT J AU Titov, V Bernard, E Arcas, D Way, Y Chamberlin, C Moore, C Tang, LJ AF Titov, Vasily Bernard, Eddie Arcas, Digo Way, Yong Chamberlin, Chris Moore, Chris Tang, Liujuan GP IEEE TI March 11, 2011 Tohoku-Japan tsunami: lessons from forecast assessment SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE tsunami forecast; numerical model; tsunameter AB The tsunami generated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan has devastated local coastlines of Japan and impacted shorelines all over the Pacific. While the complete damage assessment for this event is still underway, the immense impact of this tsunami raises questions about mitigating the impact for such an event at different time scales, from real-time tsunami warning guidance to long-term hazard assessment. Lessons learned from the Japan tsunami will provide direction to research and emergency management communities on how to develop tools, models and methods for mitigating impact of such devastating event both locally and globally. Assessing the use of real-time tsunami forecasting tools during the Japan-Tohoku tsunami is an important part of this process. C1 [Titov, Vasily; Bernard, Eddie] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Arcas, Digo; Way, Yong; Chamberlin, Chris; Moore, Chris; Tang, Liujuan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA USA. RP Titov, V (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM vasily.titov@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801183 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Titov, VV Newman, A Hayes, G Tang, LJ Chamberlin, C AF Wei, Yong Titov, Vasily V. Newman, Andrew Hayes, Gavin Tang, Liujuan Chamberlin, Chris GP IEEE TI Near-Field Hazard Assessment of March 11, 2011 JapanTsunami Sources Inferred from Different Methods SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE tsunameter; GPS; finite-fault solution; tsunami; tsunami forecast; runup; inundation; near field ID TOHOKU-OKI EARTHQUAKE; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; MEGATHRUST; INVERSION; MODELS; FAULT; GPS AB Tsunami source is the origin of the subsequent transoceanic water waves, and thus the most critical component in modern tsunami forecast methodology. Although impractical to be quantified directly, a tsunami source can be estimated by different methods based on a variety of measurements provided by deep-ocean tsunameters, seismometers, GPS, and other advanced instruments, some in real time, some in post real-time. Here we assess these different sources of the devastating March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami by model-data comparison for generation, propagation and inundation in the near field of Japan. This study provides a comparative study to further understand the advantages and shortcomings of different methods that may be potentially used in real-time warning and forecast of tsunami hazards, especially in the near field. The model study also highlights the critical role of deep-ocean tsunami measurements for high-quality tsunami forecast, and its combination with land GPS measurements may lead to better understanding of both the earthquake mechanisms and tsunami generation process. C1 [Wei, Yong; Tang, Liujuan; Chamberlin, Chris] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wei, Yong; Titov, Vasily V.; Tang, Liujuan; Chamberlin, Chris] NOAA, Ctrtsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98164 USA. [Tang, Liujuan] Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. [Hayes, Gavin] Natl Informat Ctr Earthquake, US Geolog Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Ocean & Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Newman, Andrew/E-7682-2012; Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015 OI Newman, Andrew/0000-0001-7414-1197; Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801195 ER PT J AU Willis, Z AF Willis, Zdenka GP IEEE TI US IOOS (R) - From Integrated to Interdependent and Indispensible SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE component; Integrated Ocean Observing System; Ocean Observing; Interdependent; Integration AB Integration is defined providing rapid access to multi-disciplinary data from many sources and to provide data and information required to achieve multiple goals that historically have been the domain of separate agencies, offices, or programs. There are plenty of examples and efforts underway within US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) that are moving us to a fully integrated system. The President's Executive Order 13547, outlines our policy to achieve "an America whose stewardship ensures that the ocean, our coasts, and the Great Lakes are healthy and resilient, safe and productive, and understood and treasured so as to promote the wellbeing, prosperity, and security of present and future generations." For US IOOS to be a vital contributor to this goal we suggest a need to move beyond Integration to become "Interdependent" and "Indispensible." Given the current fiscal climate, no one agency, entity or program can act alone. The scientific information needed to guide personal and programmatic decisions necessitates taking the next step to interdependence. Are we ready to take that step? Interdependences also refer to the fact that the subsystems can not stand alone. To deliver necessary capabilities IOOS elements must progress from the research and development stages, through efficient test and operational efforts into routine operations. Technologies must be incubated and rapidly inserted to keep the US IOOS system operating effectively and efficiently. Prompt delivery of meaningful output to the end user demands a fully interdependent system. One in which the models and observations are standardized and work seamlessly together to rapidly tailor the output to users' needs. But interdependence also suggests that each partner be it at the Federal, State, Local and Tribal level or the Private sector needs to be there for the long term. The analogy is really the three legged stool. Once you become interdependent, if one of the partners pulls back the stool falls when ability for the other partners/legs are unable to support the enterprise. This demands not only policy and technology, but trust. Once partners and programs are fully interdependent they become indispensible. This paper will provide examples within IOOS that suggests the move is underway. The paper will provide an update on the US IOOS Blueprint to Full Capability, will provide examples of observation networks that rely on multiple partnerships to remain viable, and how the information, products and services are now have been fully endorsed by managers and decision makers. C1 NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800055 ER PT J AU Wilson, WD AF Wilson, William Douglas GP IEEE TI Water Quality Profiling with a WETLabs Autonomous Moored Profiler (AMP) SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE Water Quality; Ocean observations; Vertical Profiler AB Operational details are described and results are presented from a deployment of a WETLabs AMP (Autonomous Moored Profiler) in Chesapeake Bay. The AMP (figure 1) is anchored and nominally stationed at depth throughout a deployment. An onboard processor schedules and controls profiling; collects, processes, and stores data collected from instrument sensors; and communicates with a remote host during profiler surface intervals. The profiler is tethered to an anchor by an HMPE cable/winch system. When a profile is initiated, sensors are activated and the winch spools out, allowing a controlled ascent by the buoyant package. At the surface, profile, winch control, status, and position data are transferred to the remote host, new instructions may be downloaded, and the instrument is winched back to the bottom, awaiting the next profile in low-power mode. The AMP is easily deployable from a small boat by 3-4 persons, requiring only a 50 kg anchor. Communications in this deployment are via CDMA modem. Onboard sensors include a Seabird SBE 49 Temperature / Conductivity / Pressure, Aanderaa 4330F Dissolved Oxygen, and WETLabs ECO chlorophyll, backscattering, and CDOM fluorescence sensors. Results from a deployment during July and August 2010 in mid-Chesapeake Bay are shown and discussed. For example, Figure X shows dissolved oxygen concentration during a 10-day period of hourly continuous profiling, with the profiler anchored in 20 meters of water. Missing data near the surface - confined to daylight hours - were discovered to be due to light saturation of the Aanderaa optode; this has since been corrected by a protective housing that also enhances flow over the sensor film. Studies are under way to accurately determine and correct for the relative lags between Temperature/Conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen sensor response. During the deployment time period, the lower water column displayed hypoxic conditions, with the depth of the oxycline strongly modulated by semidiurnal tides. Dynamics of the observed conditions are analyzed with the aid of a nearby buoy mooring providing wind, wave, current profiles, and surface and bottom water quality data. Additional deployments during Spring/Summer 2011 are scheduled to capture the onset of hypoxic conditions. C1 US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Wilson, WD (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD USA. EM doug.wilson@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005801148 ER PT S AU Berglund, J Michaloski, J Leong, S Shao, GD Riddick, F Arinez, J Biller, S AF Berglund, Jonatan Michaloski, John Leong, Swee Shao, Guodong Riddick, Frank Arinez, Jorge Biller, Stephan BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS FOR A CASTING PRODUCTION SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB A growing number of manufacturing industries are initiating efforts to address sustainability issues. A study by the National Association of Manufacturers indicated that the manufacturing sector currently accounts for over a third of all energy consumed in the United States. There are many areas and opportunities to reduce energy costs and pollution emissions within a manufacturing facility. One way to achieve an energy efficient manufacturing system is to measure and evaluate the combined impact of process energy from manufacturing operations, their resources (e. g., plant floor equipment), and facility energy from building services (e. g., ventilation, lighting). In this paper, issues associated with integrating production system, process energy, and facility energy to improve manufacturing sustainability are explored. A modeling and simulation case study of analyzing energy consumption in a precision casting operation is discussed. C1 [Berglund, Jonatan; Michaloski, John; Leong, Swee; Shao, Guodong; Riddick, Frank] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arinez, Jorge; Biller, Stephan] GM Corp, Global Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Berglund, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jonatan.Berglund@gmail.com; John.Michaloski@nist.gov; leong@nist.gov; gshao@nist.gov; frank.riddick@nist.gov; Jorge.arinez@gm.com; Stephan.Biller@gm.com RI Berglund, Jonatan/E-2102-2015 OI Berglund, Jonatan/0000-0002-8270-0558 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 1060 EP 1071 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520801031 ER PT S AU Lindskog, E Lundh, L Berglund, J Lee, YT Skoogh, A Johansson, B AF Lindskog, Erik Lundh, Linus Berglund, Jonatan Lee, Y. Tina Skoogh, Anders Johansson, Bjorn BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS USING SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS AB Effective assessment and communication of the environmental footprint is increasingly important to process development and marketing purposes. Traditionally, static methods have been applied to analyze the environmental impact during a product's life cycle; however, they are unable to incorporate dynamic aspects of real world operations. This paper discusses a method using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to analyze production systems and simultaneously enable labeling of products' environmental footprint. The method steps include data management, determination of environmental footprint, and communication of the results. The method is developed during a case study of a job-shop-production facility. To evaluate the DES method, the DES results were compared with the results of a Simplified Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) conducted on the same production system. The case study demonstrates the possibility for the DES method to determine the variation between products in terms of the environmental footprint and highlights some of the difficulties involved. C1 [Lindskog, Erik; Lundh, Linus; Skoogh, Anders; Johansson, Bjorn] Chalmers, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Berglund, Jonatan; Lee, Y. Tina] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindskog, E (reprint author), Chalmers, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM Erik.Lindskog@chalmers.se; Linus.Lundh@goodsolutions.se; Jonatan.Berglund@gmail.com; leet@nist.gov; Anders.Skoogh@chalmers.se; Bjorn.Johansson@chalmers.se RI Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009; Skoogh, Anders/D-6242-2015; Berglund, Jonatan/E-2102-2015; Lindskog, Erik/E-2106-2015 OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807; Skoogh, Anders/0000-0001-8519-0736; Berglund, Jonatan/0000-0002-8270-0558; Lindskog, Erik/0000-0003-4622-0570 FU United States Government FX The funding for this research is granted by Norrahammars Mekaniska Werkstad (NMW) and ProViking through the EcoProIT project. The work described was also funded by the United States Government and is not subject to copyright. No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by the National Insti-tute of Standards and Technology is intended or implied. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 2131 EP 2142 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520802041 ER PT S AU Cloteaux, B AF Cloteaux, Brian BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI EXTRACTING HIERARCHIES WITH OVERLAPPING STRUCTURE FROM NETWORK DATA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) ID COMPLEX NETWORKS AB Relationships between entities in many complex systems, such as the Internet and social networks, have a natural hierarchical organization. Understanding these inherent hierarchies is essential for creating models of these systems. Thus, there is a recent body of research concerning the extraction of hierarchies from networks. We propose a new method for modeling hierarchies through extracting the affiliations of the network. From these affiliations, we construct a lattice of the relationships between nodes. A principal advantage of our approach is that any overlapping community structures of the nodes within the network have a natural representation within the lattice. We then show an example of our method using a real data set. C1 NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cloteaux, B (reprint author), NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.cloteaux@nist.gov OI Cloteaux, Brian/0000-0002-6177-9850 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 3330 EP 3338 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520803054 ER PT S AU Harris, DG Sullivan, F Beichl, I AF Harris, David G. Sullivan, Francis Beichl, Isabel BE Jain, S Creasey, R Himmelspach, J TI LINEAR ALGEBRA AND SEQUENTIAL IMPORTANCE SAMPLING FOR NETWORK RELIABILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2011 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)/Conference on Modeling and Analysis for Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) CY DEC 11-14, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP Amer Stat Assoc (ASA), Assoc Comp Machinery-Special Interest Grp Simulat (ACM/SIGSIM), Inst Elect & Electron Engineers-Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc (IEEE/SMC), Inst Ind Engineers (IIE), Inst Operat Res & Management Sci-Simulat Soc (INFORMS-SIM), Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST), Soc Modeling & Simulat Int (SCS) AB The reliability polynomial of a graph gives the probability that a graph is connected as a function of the probability that each edge is connected. The coefficients of the reliability polynomial count the number of connected subgraphs of various sizes. Algorithms based on sequential importance sampling (SIS) have been proposed to estimate a graph's reliability polynomial. We develop a new bottom-up SIS algorithm for estimating the reliability polynomial by choosing a spanning tree and adding edges. This algorithm improves on existing bottom-up algorithms in that it has lower complexity approximate to O(E-2) as opposed to O(EV3), and it uses importance sampling to reduce variance. C1 [Harris, David G.] US Dept Def, 17100 Sci Dr, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Sullivan, Francis] IDA, Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. [Beichl, Isabel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harris, DG (reprint author), US Dept Def, 17100 Sci Dr, Bowie, MD 20715 USA. EM davidgharris29@hotmail.com; fran@super.org; isabel.beichl@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4577-2109-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2011 BP 3339 EP 3347 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BYU80 UT WOS:000300520803055 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Control and characterization of picosecond pulse trains from a microresonator frequency comb SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB Using disk-like quartz microresonators we generated an optical frequency comb with 36 GHz mode spacing at 1560 nm. By addressing the amplitude and phase of comb lines we observed near transform-limited 2.5 ps pulses. C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div 688, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700063 ER PT J AU Abashin, M Agrawal, A Lezec, H AF Abashin, Maxim Agrawal, Amit Lezec, Henri GP IEEE TI X-antenna Arrays for Optical Field Concentration and Enhanced Raman Scattering SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB We design, fabricate and characterize periodic arrays of X-shaped nano-aperture antennas in Ag and Au films. By matching the plasmonic resonance of individual antennas to that of the lattice arrangement, we demonstrate increased optical transmission and field concentration leading to enhanced Raman scattering. C1 [Abashin, Maxim; Agrawal, Amit; Lezec, Henri] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abashin, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maxim.abashin@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 175 EP 176 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700088 ER PT J AU Kuo, PS Solomon, GS AF Kuo, Paulina S. Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI (4)over-bar-quasi-phasematching in microdisks SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB We theoretically describe (4) over bar -quasi-phasematched second-harmonic generation in a GaAs microdisk for the cases when waves are on-or off-resonance with the cavity. 1.2%/mW conversion efficiency can be obtained when both waves are on-resonance. C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 499 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700250 ER PT J AU Jiang, HF Taylor, J Quinlan, F Diddams, S AF Jiang, Haifeng Taylor, Jennifer Quinlan, Franklyn Diddams, Scott GP IEEE TI Noise floor reduction of a fiber-based photonic microwave generator by use of a mode-filtering cavity SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE DE microwave photonics; phase noise; mode-filtering cavity ID LASER FREQUENCY COMB AB We demonstrate a 10-GHz fiber-based photonic microwave generator with residual phase noise below -110 dBc/Hz for Fourier frequencies higher than 2-Hz. The noise floor is reduced to -156 dBc/Hz by using an optical mode-filtering cavity. C1 [Jiang, Haifeng; Taylor, Jennifer; Quinlan, Franklyn; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jiang, HF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Haifeng.jiang@nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI jiang, haifeng/A-6637-2011; jiang, haifeng/F-1080-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 599 EP 600 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700300 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Kirchner, MS Taylor, JA Thorpe, MJ Lemke, N Ludlow, AD Jiang, YY Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, F. Fortier, T. M. Kirchner, M. S. Taylor, J. A. Thorpe, M. J. Lemke, N. Ludlow, A. D. Jiang, Y. Y. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Generation of ultralow phase noise microwaves with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE DE microwave photonics; optical frequency comb; phase noise ID SYNCHRONIZATION AB Absolute phase noise < -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 10 GHz carrier is demonstrated by using an Er:fiber frequency comb to frequency-divide a narrow linewidth CW laser. C1 [Quinlan, F.; Fortier, T. M.; Kirchner, M. S.; Taylor, J. A.; Thorpe, M. J.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A. D.; Jiang, Y. Y.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 603 EP 604 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700302 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Walter, E Lezec, H Talin, AA AF Agrawal, Amit Walter, Erich Lezec, Henri Talin, A. Alec GP IEEE TI High-efficiency Optical Switching using an Integrated Electrochromic Nanoplasmonic Device SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID MODULATION AB We demonstrate active switching of light transmission through nanoplasmonic devices using electrochromic Polyaniline thin films, and achieve extraordinary transmission modulation by switching it between its reduced (leucoemeraldine) and partially oxidized (emeraldine) states. C1 [Agrawal, Amit; Walter, Erich; Lezec, Henri; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Agrawal, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amit.agrawal@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 BP 656 EP 657 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700327 ER PT J AU Fortier, TM Nelson, CW Hati, A Quinlan, F Taylor, J Jiang, H Chou, CW Lemke, N Ludlow, A Howe, D Oates, C Diddams, SA AF Fortier, T. M. Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Quinlan, F. Taylor, J. Jiang, H. Chou, C. W. Lemke, N. Ludlow, A. Howe, D. Oates, C. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI A hybrid 10 GHz photonic-microwave oscillator with sub-femtosecond absolute timing jitter SO 2011 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (PHO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO) CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID LOW PHASE-NOISE AB We demonstrate a 10 GHz hybrid oscillator comprised of a phase stabilized optical frequency comb divider and a room temperature dielectric sapphire oscillator. Characterization of the 10 GHz microwave signal via comparison of two independent hybrid oscillators yields a combined phase noise, L(f) = -100 dBc/Hz at a 1 Hz offset and L(f) < -185 dBc/Hz for frequencies > 1 MHz. The associated absolute timing jitter is 0.93 fs (1 Hz to Nyquist). C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Quinlan, F.; Taylor, J.; Jiang, H.; Chou, C. W.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Howe, D.; Oates, C.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8939-8 PY 2011 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYQ41 UT WOS:000299750700474 ER PT J AU Pratt, KA Murphy, SM Subramanian, R DeMott, PJ Kok, GL Campos, T Rogers, DC Prenni, AJ Heymsfield, AJ Seinfeld, JH Prather, KA AF Pratt, K. A. Murphy, S. M. Subramanian, R. DeMott, P. J. Kok, G. L. Campos, T. Rogers, D. C. Prenni, A. J. Heymsfield, A. J. Seinfeld, J. H. Prather, K. A. TI Flight-based chemical characterization of biomass burning aerosols within two prescribed burn smoke plumes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ICE NUCLEI; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ORGANIC AEROSOL; MIXING STATE; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; UNITED-STATES AB Biomass burning represents a major global source of aerosols impacting direct radiative forcing and cloud properties. Thus, the goal of a number of current studies involves developing a better understanding of how the chemical composition and mixing state of biomass burning aerosols evolve during atmospheric aging processes. During the Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layer Clouds (ICE-L) in the fall of 2007, smoke plumes from two smallWyoming Bureau of Land Management prescribed burns were measured by online aerosol instrumentation aboard a C-130 aircraft, providing a detailed chemical characterization of the particles. After similar to 2-4 min of aging, submicron smoke particles, produced primarily from sagebrush combustion, consisted predominantly of organics by mass, but were comprised primarily of internal mixtures of organic carbon, elemental carbon, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate. Significantly, the fresh biomass burning particles contained minor mass fractions of nitrate and sulfate, suggesting that hygroscopic material is incorporated very near or at the point of emission. The mass fractions of ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate increased with aging up to similar to 81-88 min and resulted in acidic particles. Decreasing black carbon mass concentrations occurred due to dilution of the plume. Increases in the fraction of oxygenated organic carbon and the presence of dicarboxylic acids, in particular, were observed with aging. Cloud condensation nuclei measurements suggested all particles >100 nm were active at 0.5% water supersaturation in the smoke plumes, confirming the relatively high hygroscopicity of the freshly emitted particles. For immersion/condensation freezing, ice nuclei measurements at -32 degrees C suggested activation of similar to 0.03-0.07% of the particles with diameters greater than 500 nm. C1 [Pratt, K. A.; Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pratt, K. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Murphy, S. M.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Murphy, S. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Subramanian, R.; Kok, G. L.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [DeMott, P. J.; Prenni, A. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Campos, T.; Rogers, D. C.; Heymsfield, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Pratt, KA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM kprather@ucsd.edu RI Pratt, Kerri/F-8025-2010; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Subramanian, R/A-4913-2013; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pratt, Kerri/0000-0003-4707-2290; Subramanian, R/0000-0002-5553-5913; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; FU NSF [ATM-0611936]; NCAR; NSF of ICE-L [ATM-0650659, ATM-0340832, ATM-0631919]; NSF of A-ATOFMS development [ATM-0321362]; NASA; NOAA; National Research Council FX Jay Esperance, Kristi Bulock, and Aaron Mier at the Wyoming Bureau of Land Management are thanked for prescribed burn ground-based data. NSF and NCAR are acknowledged for financial support of the ICE-L field campaign, as well as the work of T. Campos, D. C. Rogers, and A. J. Heymsfield. K. A. Pratt and K. A. Prather acknowledge NSF for support of ICE-L (ATM-0650659), A-ATOFMS development (ATM-0321362), and a graduate research fellowship for K. A. Pratt. S. M. Murphy and J. H. Seinfeld acknowledge NSF for support of ICE-L (ATM-0340832) and NASA for an Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship for S. M. Murphy. R. Subramanian and G. L. Kok acknowledge NSF for ICE-L support (ATM-0631919). P. J. DeMott and A. J. Prenni acknowledge support from NSF (ATM-0611936). K. A. Pratt and S. M. Murphy also acknowledge a NOAA Climate & Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship and a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship, respectively. Daniel Cziczo (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) is thanked for discussions. NR 79 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 62 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 24 BP 12549 EP 12565 DI 10.5194/acp-11-12549-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870KH UT WOS:000298667600002 ER PT J AU Heald, CL Coe, H Jimenez, JL Weber, RJ Bahreini, R Middlebrook, AM Russell, LM Jolleys, M Fu, TM Allan, JD Bower, KN Capes, G Crosier, J Morgan, WT Robinson, NH Williams, PI Cubison, MJ DeCarlo, PF Dunlea, EJ AF Heald, C. L. Coe, H. Jimenez, J. L. Weber, R. J. Bahreini, R. Middlebrook, A. M. Russell, L. M. Jolleys, M. Fu, T. -M. Allan, J. D. Bower, K. N. Capes, G. Crosier, J. Morgan, W. T. Robinson, N. H. Williams, P. I. Cubison, M. J. DeCarlo, P. F. Dunlea, E. J. TI Exploring the vertical profile of atmospheric organic aerosol: comparing 17 aircraft field campaigns with a global model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; UNITED-STATES; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; WEST-AFRICA; ACE-ASIA; TRANSPACIFIC TRANSPORT; SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS AB The global organic aerosol (OA) budget is highly uncertain and past studies suggest that models substantially underestimate observed concentrations. Few of these studies have examined the vertical distribution of OA. Furthermore, many model-measurement comparisons have been performed with different models for single field campaigns. We synthesize organic aerosol measurements from 17 aircraft campaigns from 2001-2009 and use these observations to consistently evaluate a GEOS-Chem model simulation. Remote, polluted and fire-influenced conditions are all represented in this extensive dataset. Mean observed OA concentrations range from 0.2-8.2 mu g sm(-3) and make up 15 to 70% of non-refractory aerosol. The standard GEOS-Chem simulation reproduces the observed vertical profile, although observations are underestimated in 13 of the 17 field campaigns (the median observed to simulated ratio ranges from 0.4 to 4.2), with the largest model bias in anthropogenic regions. However, the model is best able to capture the observed variability in these anthropogenicallyinfluenced regions (R-2 = 0.18-0.57), but has little skill in remote or fire-influenced regions. The model bias increases as a function of relative humidity for 11 of the campaigns, possibly indicative of missing aqueous phase SOA production. However, model simulations of aqueous phase SOA suggest a pronounced signature in the midtroposphere (2-6 km) which is not supported in the observations examined here. Spracklen et al. (2011) suggest adding similar to 100 Tg yr(-1) source of anthropogenically-controlled SOA to close the measurement-model gap, which we add as anthropogenic SOA. This eliminates the model underestimate near source, but leads to overestimates aloft in a few regions and in remote regions, suggesting either additional sinks of OA or higher volatility aerosol at colder temperatures. Sensitivity simulations indicate that fragmentation of organics upon either heterogeneous or gas-phase oxidation could be an important (missing) sink of OA in models, reducing the global SOA burden by 15% and 47% respectively. The best agreement with observations is obtained when the simulated anthropogenically-controlled SOA is increased to similar to 100 Tg yr(-1) accompanied by either a gas-phase fragmentation process or a reduction in the temperature dependence of the organic aerosol partitioning (by decreasing the enthalpy of vaporization from 42 kJ mol(-1) to 25 kJ mol(-1)). These results illustrate that models may require both additional sources and additional sinks to capture the observed concentrations of organic aerosol. C1 [Heald, C. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Coe, H.; Jolleys, M.; Allan, J. D.; Bower, K. N.; Capes, G.; Crosier, J.; Morgan, W. T.; Robinson, N. H.; Williams, P. I.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Dunlea, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Cubison, M. J.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Dunlea, E. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Middlebrook, A. M.] NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Fu, T. -M.] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Fu, T. -M.] Peking Univ, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Allan, J. D.; Williams, P. I.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Heald, CL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM heald@atmos.colostate.edu RI Morgan, William/D-1690-2011; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Robinson, Niall/B-7865-2013; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Robinson, Niall/I-8063-2013; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Fu, Tzung-May/N-3418-2015 OI Crosier, Jonathan/0000-0002-3086-4729; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; FU NERC [NE/D013690/1, NE/F019874/1, NE/B505562/1, NE/E01108X/1, NE/C517292/1, NER/T/S/2002/00579, NE/D004624/1 NE/E011101/1]; European Union [036833-2]; NASA [NNX08AD39G, NAG5-8676]; DOE [DE-FG0211ER65293]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310565]; NSF [ATM-0919189, ATM0002035, ATM-0002698]; [NSF-092928] FX This work was supported by NSF-092928. We'd like to thank Joost de Gouw, Thomas Karl, Jennifer Murphy Carsten Warneke and Armin Wisthaler for use of their aceontrile measurements. We thank NERC for providing support for the BAe-146 experiments (grants: NE/D013690/1; NE/F019874/1; NE/B505562/1; NE/E01108X/1; NE/C517292/1; NER/T/S/2002/00579; NE/D004624/1 NE/E011101/1). We thank the European Union for providing support for the Bae-146 EUCAARI project 036833-2. The University of Colorado group was supported by NASA NNX08AD39G, DOE DE-FG0211ER65293, NOAA NA08OAR4310565, and NSF ATM-0919189. ACE-Asia measurements were supported by NSF grants ATM0002035 and ATM-0002698 and by NASA grant NAG5-8676. UK airborne data was obtained using the BAe-146-301 Atmospheric Research Aircraft [ARA] flown by Directflight Ltd and managed by the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements [FAAM], which is a joint entity of the Natural Environment Research Council [NERC], the Met Office, and National Centre for Atmospheric Science [NCAS]. NR 112 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 7 U2 76 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 24 BP 12673 EP 12696 DI 10.5194/acp-11-12673-2011 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870KH UT WOS:000298667600010 ER PT J AU Perez, C Haustein, K Janjic, Z Jorba, O Huneeus, N Baldasano, JM Black, T Basart, S Nickovic, S Miller, RL Perlwitz, JP Schulz, M Thomson, M AF Perez, C. Haustein, K. Janjic, Z. Jorba, O. Huneeus, N. Baldasano, J. M. Black, T. Basart, S. Nickovic, S. Miller, R. L. Perlwitz, J. P. Schulz, M. Thomson, M. TI Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model - Part 1: Model description, annual simulations and evaluation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DESERT DUST; SALTATION BOMBARDMENT; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; SURFACE OBSERVATIONS; MEDITERRANEAN BASIN AB We describe and evaluate the NMMB/BSC-Dust, a new dust aerosol cycle model embedded online within the NCEP Non-hydrostatic Multiscale Model (NMMB). NMMB is a further evolution of the operational Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-NMM), which together with other upgrades has been extended from meso to global scales. Its unified non-hydrostatic dynamical core is prepared for regional and global simulation domains. The new NMMB/BSC-Dust is intended to provide short to medium-range weather and dust forecasts from regional to global scales and represents a first step towards the development of a unified chemical-weather model. This paper describes the parameterizations used in the model to simulate the dust cycle including sources, transport, deposition and interaction with radiation. We evaluate monthly and annual means of the global configuration of the model against the AEROCOM dust benchmark dataset for year 2000 including surface concentration, deposition and aerosol optical depth (AOD), and we evaluate the daily AOD variability in a regional domain at high resolution covering Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe against AERONET AOD for year 2006. The NMMB/BSC-Dust provides a good description of the horizontal distribution and temporal variability of the dust. Daily AOD correlations at the regional scale are around 0.6-0.7 on average without dust data assimilation. At the global scale the model lies within the top range of AEROCOM dust models in terms of performance statistics for surface concentration, deposition and AOD. This paper discusses the current strengths and limitations of the modeling system and points towards future improvements. C1 [Perez, C.; Miller, R. L.; Perlwitz, J. P.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Perez, C.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Perez, C.; Thomson, M.] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Haustein, K.; Jorba, O.; Baldasano, J. M.; Basart, S.] Ctr Nacl Supercomputac, Barcelona Supercomputing Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Janjic, Z.; Black, T.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Huneeus, N.; Schulz, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baldasano, J. M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Nickovic, S.] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Perez, C (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM carlos.perezga@nasa.gov RI Miller, Ron/E-1902-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Huneeus, Nicolas/J-4994-2016; OI Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Basart, Sara/0000-0002-9821-8504; Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CGL2008-02818, CGL2010-19652, CSD00C-06-08924] FX The authors would like to thank the AERONET program for establishing and maintaining the used sites. OMI and MISR averaged data used in this paper were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. We acknowledge the mission scientists and Principal Investigators of OMI and MISR who provided the data used in this research effort. BSC acknowledges the support from projects CGL2008-02818, CGL2010-19652 and CSD00C-06-08924 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. Simulations were performed with the Marenostrum Supercomputer in BSC. NR 125 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 24 BP 13001 EP 13027 DI 10.5194/acp-11-13001-2011 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870KH UT WOS:000298667600029 ER PT J AU Miller, BR Kuijpers, LJM AF Miller, B. R. Kuijpers, L. J. M. TI Projecting future HFC-23 emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE AB A Reference Case (RC) scenario for emissions of HFC-23 from co-production during HCFC-22 manufacture over the next 25 years is presented. Offered as a template rather than a prediction, this model projects current production practices and existing abatement frameworks to yield insights into how atmospheric composition and radiative forcing might change with and without additional efforts to constrain HFC-23 emissions. Assuming that no additional abatement measures are implemented, emissions for year 2035 in this Reference Case would rise to 24 ktonnes yr(-1), (cf., 8.6 ktonnes yr(-1) in 2009), the atmospheric abundance of HFC-23 would rise to 50 ppt, which is a 121% increase over the 2009 observed abundance, and HFC-23 would be expected to contribute a radiative forcing of 9mWm(-2) (cf., 4mWm(-2) in 2009). Under such a scenario, the HFC-23 emission growth rate would be a continuation of the historical trend of similar to 0.2 ktonnes yr(-2) until 2030, after which the growth is projected to quadruple as the Montreal Protocol phase-out of HCFC production for dispersive use concludes and HFC-23 thermal decomposition in the projects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) comes to a scheduled end while growth in the production of HCFC-22 for feedstock use continues to climb with projected GDP growth. Two opposite variations regarding the future renewal of CDM projects are examined for their impact on projected emissions and abundance, relative to the Reference Case scenario. C1 [Miller, B. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Kuijpers, L. J. M.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, Eindhoven Ctr Sustainabil, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ben.r.miller@noaa.gov OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 24 BP 13259 EP 13267 DI 10.5194/acp-11-13259-2011 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 870KH UT WOS:000298667600039 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Soles, CL Wu, WL AF Lee, Hae-Jeong Soles, Christopher L. Wu, Wen-li BE Wu, H Claeys, C Kuo, Y Lai, K Philipossian, A Jiang, T Xiaoping, S Lin, Q Huang, D Huang, R Zhang, Y Liu, R Song, P TI Determining Coherence Length of X-ray Beam Using Line Grating Structures SO CHINA SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2011 (CSTIC 2011) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th China Semiconductor Technology International Conference (CSTIC) CY 2011 CL PEOPLES R CHINA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), SEMI, CHTEC, IEEE, CEMIA, MRS, CSE ID RESOLUTION FUNCTION; REFLECTIVITY AB Specular x-ray reflectivity has been used successfully to measure the cross section of periodic nanopatterns on flat substrates and in most of the cases the effective medium approximation is found to be adequate for the data analysis. To examine the validity of EMA the coherence length of the X-ray reflectometer was measured quantitatively by extending the scheme used by Salditt et al. A series of linear grating structures with periodicities ranging from 300 nm to 16 mu m was studies at various azimuthal angles between the incident X-ray and the lines. A clear break down of EMA was noticed at certain X-ray incident angle depending on the azimuthal angle, this provides a useful pathway for determining the coherent length of the X-ray reflectometer more precisely. C1 [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Soles, Christopher L.; Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-235-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2011 VL 34 IS 1 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.1149/1.3567694 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BYU65 UT WOS:000300456600143 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Griffith, D Souryal, M Golmie, N AF Gentile, Camillo Griffith, David Souryal, Michael Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Throughput and Delay Analysis of Half-Duplex IEEE 802.11 Mesh Networks SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 05-09, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, Sci Council Japan DE Multi-hop; contention ID PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; WIRELESS NETWORKS AB Emerging technologies for mesh networks can provide users with last-mile service to an access point by forwarding data through wireless relays instead of through expensive wireline infrastructure. While an extensive amount of literature on the subject has been amassed in the last decade, existing papers model network traffic flow solely as a function of routing topology, neglecting contention at the Media Access Control layer; as a result, the inbound flow to a relay station is independent of the transmission success rate from forwarding stations. This leads to overestimation of traffic flow, especially at network operation approaching full capacity, and in turn makes for inaccuracies in predicting throughput and delay. In our model, the inbound flow depends on the transmission success rate as well. Other novel contributions are the incorporation of a half-duplex contention model we developed in previous work, which captures both uplink and downlink traffic, and a generic framework to represent any mesh routing topology (minimum-hop, minimum-airtime, etc.) C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Griffith, David; Souryal, Michael; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Emerging & Mobile Networking Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Networking Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov; david.griffith@nist.gov; michael.souryal@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-61284-233-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXG34 UT WOS:000296057104158 ER PT S AU Wu, N Gharavi, H AF Wu, Nan Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI Linear Dispersion Codes for Asynchronous Cooperative MIMO Systems SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 05-09, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, Sci Council Japan ID SPACE; TIME; DIVERSITY; NETWORKS; CHANNELS; SCHEME AB In this treatise, we propose a novel family of Asynchronous Cooperative Linear Dispersion Codes (ACLDCs), which is capable of maintaining full diversity in cooperative scenarios even at the presence of asynchronous reception. The linear dispersion structure is employed in order to accommodate the dynamic topology of cooperative networks, as well as to achieve higher throughput than conventional space time codes based on orthogonal designs. By introducing guard intervals and block encoding/decoding techniques, the interference signals caused by asynchronous reception can be exploited rather than discarded. C1 [Wu, Nan; Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nan.wu@nist.gov; gharavi@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-61284-233-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXG34 UT WOS:000296057102010 ER PT S AU Xu, C Gharavi, H AF Xu, Chong Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI Ant-Colony Based Near-ML Block Decoder in Asynchronous Cooperative MIMO Systems Using a Linear Dispersion Structure SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 05-09, 2011 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Commun Soc, IEICE Commun Soc, Sci Council Japan AB The linear dispersion structure is employed to accommodate the dynamic topology of cooperative networks, as well as to achieve higher throughput than conventional space-time codes based on orthogonal designs. Asynchronous Cooperative Liner Dispersion Codes (ACLDC) are applied to achieve full diversity in the presence of asynchronous reception. To achieve a near ML performance with much lower decoding complexity, we present an Ant-Colony Optimization (ACO) based decoder. We demonstrate that the proposed decoder is able to provide the system with a near-ML performance at a significantly reduced complexity. C1 [Xu, Chong; Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chong.xu@nist.gov; hamid.gharavi@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-61284-233-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BXG34 UT WOS:000296057101050 ER PT S AU Shetty, N Chaudhary, A Coming, D Sherman, WR O'Leary, P Whiting, ET Su, S AF Shetty, Nikhil Chaudhary, Aashish Coming, Daniel Sherman, William R. O'Leary, Patrick Whiting, Eric T. Su, Simon BE Hirose, M Lok, B Majumder, A Schmalstieg, D TI Immersive ParaView: A Community-based, Immersive, Universal Scientific Visualization Application SO 2011 IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY CONFERENCE (VR) SE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR) CY MAR 19-23, 2011 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm (VGTC), IEEE Comp Soc AB The availability of low-cost virtual reality (VR) systems coupled with a growing population of researchers accustomed to newer interface styles makes this a ripe time to help domain science researchers cross the bridge to utilizing immersive interfaces. The logical next step is for scientists, engineers, doctors, etc. to incorporate immersive visualization into their exploration and analysis workflows. However, from past experience, we know having access to equipment is not sufficient. There are also several software hurdles to overcome. Obstacles must be lowered to provide scientists, engineers, and medical professionals low-risk means of exploring technologies beyond their desktops. C1 [Shetty, Nikhil; Chaudhary, Aashish] Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. [Coming, Daniel] Desert Res Inst, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Sherman, William R.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [O'Leary, Patrick; Whiting, Eric T.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls 83402, ID USA. [Su, Simon] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Shetty, N (reprint author), Kitware Inc, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. EM shermanw@indiana.edu FU Kitware Inc.,; DRI; INL; IU; INL LDRD Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The authors would like to thank Kitware Inc., DRI, INL, IU for facilities and support. This work was supported in part through the INL LDRD Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 978-1-4577-0036-1 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 2011 BP 239 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BXV33 UT WOS:000297260400058 ER PT S AU Curry, JJ Lapatovich, WP Henins, A AF Curry, John J. Lapatovich, Walter P. Henins, Albert BE Arimondo, E Berman, PR Lin, CC TI X-ray Methods in High-Intensity Discharges and Metal-Halide Lamps: X-ray Induced Fluorescence SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 60 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ARC LAMP; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; AXIAL SEGREGATION; CONVECTION; DENSITY; VAPOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLASMAS; LTE AB We describe the use of x-ray induced fluorescence to study metal-halide high-intensity discharge lamps and to measure equilibrium vapor pressures of metal-halide salts. The physical principles of metal-halide lamps, relevant aspects of x-ray atom interactions, the experimental method using synchrotron radiation, and x-ray induced fluorescence measurements relevant to metal-halide lamps are covered. C1 [Curry, John J.; Henins, Albert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-12-385508-4 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2011 VL 60 BP 65 EP 117 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385508-4.00002-4 PG 53 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BXD48 UT WOS:000295815900002 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Dixson, RG Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Dixson, Ronald G. Vladar, Andras E. Postek, Michael T. BE Postek, MT Coleman, VA TI Strategies for Nanoscale Contour Metrology using Critical Dimension Atomic Force Microscopy SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors V CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol (NIST) DE contour metrology; critical dimension atomic force microscope; scanning electron microscope ID SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENTS; CD-AFM; CALIBRATION AB Contour metrology is one of the techniques used to verify optical proximity correction (OPC) in lithography models. These methods, known as resolution enhancement techniques (RET), are necessary to continue the decrease in integrated circuit feature sizes. Broadly speaking, RET are used to compensate for lithography errors to ensure better image transfer from the mask to the wafer and subsequence processing. Contours extracted from the printed features are used to verify the OPC models. Currently, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to generate and verify the contours. The critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM), which is being used as a reference instrument in lithography metrology, has been proposed as a supplemental instrument for contour verification. This is mostly due to the relative insensitivity of the CD-AFM to material properties, the three-dimensional data, and the ability to make the instrument traceable to the SI unit of length. However, although the data from the CD-AFM is inherently three dimensional, the planar two-dimensional data required for contour metrology is not easily compared with the top-down AFM data. This is mostly due to the effect of the CD-AFM tip and the scanning strategy. In this paper we outline some of the methods for acquiring contour data using the CD-AFM. Specifically, we look at different scanning strategies, tip types, contour extraction methods, and imaging modes. We compare contours extracted using our method to those acquired using the SEM. C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.; Vladar, Andras E.; Postek, Michael T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, PML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, PML, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-715-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8105 AR 810505 DI 10.1117/12.894416 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BXY02 UT WOS:000297587400003 ER PT J AU Webb, A Fox-Kemper, B AF Webb, A. Fox-Kemper, B. TI Wave spectral moments and Stokes drift estimation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wave spectra; Stokes drift; Wave period; Significant wave height ID WIND-GENERATED WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; LANGMUIR TURBULENCE; EQUILIBRIUM RANGE; OCEAN; MODEL; ALTIMETERS; PERIOD; TOPEX; SEAS AB The relationships between the moments of wave spectra and Stokes drift velocity are calculated for empirical spectral shapes and a third-generation wave model. From an assumed spectral shape and only an estimate of wave period and significant wave height, one may determine: the leading-order Stokes drift, other wave period estimates, and all spectral moments. The conversion factors are tabulated for quick reference for the common empirical spectral shapes. The different spectral shapes considered are shown to exhibit similar spectral moment relationships. Using these relationships, uncertainty in Stokes drift may be decomposed into the uncertainty in spectral shape and a much greater uncertainty due to significant wave height and wave period discrepancies among ERA40/WAM, satellite altimetry, and CORE2 reanalysis-forced WAVEWATCH III simulations. Furthermore, using ERA40 or CORE2 winds and assuming fully-developed waves results in discrepancies that are unable to explain the discrepancies in modeled Stokes drift; the assumption of fully-developed waves is likely the culprit. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Webb, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Webb, A.; Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fox-Kemper, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM adrean.webb@colorado.edu; bfk@colorado.edu RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048 FU NASA [ROSES-NNX09AF38G]; NSF [OCE-0934737] FX This work was supported by NASA ROSES-NNX09AF38G and NSF OCE-0934737. Data preparation by Benjamin Hamlington and Erik Baldwin-Stevens is gratefully acknowledged. Discussions on drafts of the paper with Ramsey Harcourt, Eric D'Asaro, and Luke Van Roekel proved invaluable. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.08.007 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 859ME UT WOS:000297879700006 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, Howard S. TI Fundamental Solution of Laplace's Equation in Hyperspherical Geometry SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hyperspherical geometry; fundamental solution; Laplace's equation; separation of variables; Ferrers functions ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRIES; SPHERICAL GEOMETRY; LIE-ALGEBRAS; CONTRACTIONS; SEPARATION; COLLISIONS; VARIABLES AB Due to the isotropy of d-dimensional hyperspherical space, one expects there to exist a spherically symmetric fundamental solution for its corresponding Laplace-Beltrami operator. The R-radius hypersphere S-R(d) with R > 0, represents a Riemannian manifold with positive-constant sectional curvature. We obtain a spherically symmetric fundamental solution of Laplace's equation on this manifold in terms of its geodesic radius. We give several matching expressions for this fundamental solution including a definite integral over reciprocal powers of the trigonometric sine, finite summation expressions over trigonometric functions, Gauss hypergeometric functions, and in terms of the associated Legendre function of the second kind on the cut (Ferrers function of the second kind) with degree and order given by d/2 - 1 and 1 - d/2 respectively, with real argument between plus and minus one. C1 [Cohl, Howard S.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cohl, Howard S.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2011 VL 7 AR 108 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2011.108 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 854OI UT WOS:000297503700001 ER PT S AU Greenberg, CS Martin, AF Doddington, GR Godfrey, JJ AF Greenberg, Craig S. Martin, Alvin F. Doddington, George R. Godfrey, John J. GP IEEE TI INCLUDING HUMAN EXPERTISE IN SPEAKER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS: REPORT ON A PILOT EVALUATION SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Prague Congress Ctr, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Processing Soc, IEEE HO Prague Congress Ctr DE speaker recognition; speaker detection; voice comparison; NIST SREs; HASR AB The 2010 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE10) included a test of Human Assisted Speaker Recognition (HASR) in which systems based in whole or in part on human expertise were evaluated on limited sets of trials. Participation in HASR was optional, and sites could participate in it without participating in the main evaluation of fully automatic systems. Two HASR trial sets were offered, with HASR1 including 15 trials, and HASR2 a superset of 150 trials. Results were submitted for 20 systems from 15 sites from 6 countries. The trial sets were carefully selected, by a process that combined automatic processing and human listening, to include particularly challenging trials. The performance results suggest that the chosen trials were indeed difficult, and the HASR systems did not appear to perform as well as the best fully automatic systems on these trials. C1 [Greenberg, Craig S.; Martin, Alvin F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Godfrey, John J.] US Dept Defense, Maryland, PA USA. RP Greenberg, CS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4577-0539-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2011 BP 5896 EP 5899 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXG36 UT WOS:000296062406151 ER PT S AU Wollman, DA AF Wollman, D. A. GP IEEE TI ACCELERATING STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS FOR THE SMART GRID SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Prague Congress Ctr, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Processing Soc, IEEE HO Prague Congress Ctr DE Smart Grid; interoperability standards; standards development organizations; phasor measurement units; calibration; sensors AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has efforts underway to accelerate the international development of interoperability standards to support the future modernized "Smart Grid" electric grid or energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances. Through a high-visibility, rapid, and open process that brought together the Smart Grid community, including utilities, equipment suppliers, network providers, IT application developers and integrators, government and consumers of electricity, NIST has developed and published its Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 [1], to create the basis for prioritizing, coordinating and accelerating the development of standards in private-sector standards setting organizations, including international standards development organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the IEEE. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wollman, DA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4577-0539-7 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2011 BP 5948 EP 5951 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Acoustics; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXG36 UT WOS:000296062406164 ER PT S AU Wang, YC Lee, RD Koffman, A Durand, M Lawall, J Pratt, J AF Wang, Yicheng Lee, Rae Duk Koffman, Andrew Durand, Mathieu Lawall, John Pratt, Jon GP IEEE TI Development of a Calculable Capacitor SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 10-12, 2011 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Zhejiang Univ DE calculable capacior; interferometers AB This paper summarizes the current NIST effort to manufacture a new calculable capacitor, focusing on issues associated with the fabrication of the main electrodes and their alignment as well as development of a high resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer system for displacement measurements of the calculable capacitor. Results presented here for diamond turned aluminum electrodes show useable profiles that deviate from straight by less than 25 nm. We have also achieved a fractional uncertainty of similar to 1.25x10(-9) for displacement measurements without any optical frequency standard. C1 [Wang, Yicheng; Lee, Rae Duk; Koffman, Andrew; Durand, Mathieu; Lawall, John; Pratt, Jon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20874 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-7935-1 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2011 BP 355 EP 357 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BXU69 UT WOS:000297171900073 ER PT S AU Song, EY Lee, KB Fick, SE Donmez, AM AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang B. Fick, Steven E. Donmez, Alkan M. GP IEEE TI An IEEE 1451.5-802.11 Standard-based Wireless Sensor Network with Embedded WTIM SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 10-12, 2011 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Zhejiang Univ DE Embedded WTIM; IEEE 1451.0; IEEE 1451.5-802.11; NCAP; Wireless Sensor Network AB This paper introduces a reference implementation of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451.5-802.11 standard-based wireless sensor network (WSN) developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The WSN consists of a Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) and two Wireless Transducer Interface Modules (WTIM). The NCAP, a gateway node of the WSN, was developed on a laptop in Java language according to the IEEE 1451.5-802.11 standard. The embedded WTIM, a wireless sensor node, was developed based on the IEEE 1451.5-802.11 standard on a single board computer in Dynamic C language. The wireless communications between the NCAP and WTIMs are based on IEEE 1451.0 messages using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) sockets. A few examples are provided to illustrate the functionalities of the WSN. C1 [Song, Eugene Y.; Lee, Kang B.; Fick, Steven E.; Donmez, Alkan M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-7935-1 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2011 BP 1201 EP 1206 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BXU69 UT WOS:000297171900241 ER PT S AU Seng, R Lee, KB Song, EY AF Seng, Robert Lee, Kang B. Song, Eugene Y. GP IEEE TI An Implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network Based on IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5-6LoWPAN Standards SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 10-12, 2011 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Zhejiang Univ DE 6LoWPAN; 802.15.4; IEEE 1451.0; IEEE1451.5; IPv6; NCAP; sensor standard; smart transducer; TEDS; TIM; UDP; WTIM AB This paper describes an implementation of the IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5 standards for smart transducers. The implementation, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), uses Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) hardware to demonstrate the capabilities of the 1451 family of standards. The network consists of a Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP), implemented in Java, working with five Wireless Transducer Interface Module (WTIM) nodes. In operation, the NCAP communicates with WTIMs via the 1451.0 and 1451.5 interfaces over 802.15.4 using 6LoWPAN to implement User Datagram Protocol (UDP) IPv6 architecture. In this paper, case studies demonstrate the implementation of WTIM announcements, the client-server ability to read both binary and text-based Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS), the ability to read sensor data, and an alert function. This work demonstrates some possibilities and features a low-power wireless network can provide when using the IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5 standards. C1 [Seng, Robert; Lee, Kang B.; Song, Eugene Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seng, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-7935-1 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2011 BP 1498 EP 1503 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BXU69 UT WOS:000297171900302 ER PT J AU Lillibridge, J Scharroo, R Jacobs, G Russell, L Tabor, V AF Lillibridge, John Scharroo, Remko Jacobs, Gregg Russell, Lamar Tabor, Vincent TI Quality Assessment of the Jason-2 Operational and Interim Geophysical Data Records SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Near real-time sea level; Jason-2; satellite altimetry; calibration ID OCEAN; ALTIMETRY; MISSION AB The Ocean Surface Topography Mission onboard the Jason-2 satellite represents a transition fromthe Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1 research altimetry missions, operated by NASA and CNES, to an operational mission that now includes NOAA and EUMETSAT. The near real-time (NRT) data production and distribution is shared by NOAA and EUMETSAT. This paper describes how the Jason-2 data are shared within the United States between NOAA and Navy entities. Differences between the NRT products and offline products are assessed to determine if the NRT products are accurate enough to meet the operational needs of wind/wave and sea surface height applications. C1 [Lillibridge, John] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Scharroo, Remko] Altimetrics LLC, Cornish, NH USA. [Jacobs, Gregg] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Russell, Lamar] USN, Oceanog Off, Ocean Measurements Dept, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Tabor, Vincent] NOAA, Comp Operat Branch, Suitland, MD USA. RP Lillibridge, J (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, 1335 EW Hwy,E-RA31, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM John.Lillibridge@noaa.gov RI Scharroo, Remko/F-5623-2010; Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010 OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X FU NASA FX This investigation was supported in part by the NASA Ocean Surface Topography program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 191 EP 213 DI 10.1080/01490419.2011.584827 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 855CQ UT WOS:000297541600002 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Chen, RY Miller, L AF Cao, Changyong Chen, Ruiyue Miller, Laury TI Monitoring the Jason-2/AMR Stability Using SNO Observations from AMSU on MetOp-A SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Brightness temperature comparison; Jason-2 radiometer stability; MetOp/AMSU; simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER TMR; CALIBRATION; MSU; SATELLITES; CLIMATE; RECORDS; TREND AB The microwave radiometers aboard the Jason satellites for altimetry missions are a key component of the Jason system, providing important measurements for water vapor correction, which is the most variable path delay correction in the altimeter measurement system. Unfortunately, these radiometers have exhibited on-orbit calibration drifts, step jumps, and other types of irregularities that can result in height rate errors comparable to 1 mm/yr, the stability requirement for measuring global mean sea level rise. Therefore, the calibration accuracy and short-and long-term stability of these radiometers are critical for the Jason mission to meet the stringent requirements. This study investigates the stability of the Jason-2 Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR) relative to the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on the MetOp-A satellite using the Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO) time series method. Preliminary results show that using the AMSU as a stable reference, which has a demonstrated stability of better than 0.5 K per decade in previous studies, the Jason radiometer stability can be reliably monitored at 0.1 K per year level. The method has successfully detected a downward trend in the 23.8 GHz AMR channel (the primary one for detecting atmospheric water vapor) relative to the same AMSU channel for about -0.48 K per year since its launch on June 20, 2008, until February 2010, which is likely caused by AMR calibration problems during the period. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Miller, Laury] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Ruiyue] NOAA, IM Syst Grp, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 701, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI chen, ruiyue/F-6708-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Miller, Laury/B-8305-2011 OI Miller, Laury/0000-0003-3095-5804 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2011 VL 34 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 431 EP 446 DI 10.1080/01490419.2011.584829 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 855CQ UT WOS:000297541600015 ER PT S AU Chen, WC Gentile, TR Fu, CB Watson, S Jones, GL McIver, JW Rich, DR AF Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Fu, C. B. Watson, S. Jones, G. L. McIver, J. W. Rich, D. R. BE Babcock, E Gutberlet, T Ioffe, A TI Polarized He-3 cell development and application at NIST SO JCNS WORKSHOP ON MODERN TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF POLARIZED 3HE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT JNCS Workshop on Modern Trends in Production and Applications of Polarized 3He CY JUL 11-13, 2010 CL Ismaning, GERMANY SP Julich Ctr Neutron Sci DE polarized ID NEUTRON-SPIN-FILTER; EXCHANGE; RELAXATION; GAS; REFLECTOMETRY; SCATTERING; MAGNETISM; PHYSICS; TARGET; TESTS AB Over a period of well over a decade, a large number and variety of polarized He-3 cells for neutron applications have been developed and tested at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These cells have primarily been employed for spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), and applied to neutron scattering and fundamental neutron physics. We describe the procedures we have employed for producing these cells, as well as their characteristics and applications. Whereas our best results are for cells blown from boron-free aluminosilicate glass, we summarize results with a range of other methods. We discuss our recent work on SEOP cells for wide angle neutron polarization analysis. Key words: polarized C1 [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.; Fu, C. B.; Watson, S.; Jones, G. L.; McIver, J. W.; Rich, D. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.gentile@nist.gov RI Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015 NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 294 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/294/1/012003 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BXS02 UT WOS:000296891700003 ER PT J AU Dholabhai, PP Adams, JB Crozier, PA Sharma, R AF Dholabhai, Pratik P. Adams, James B. Crozier, Peter A. Sharma, Renu TI In search of enhanced electrolyte materials: a case study of doubly doped ceria SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID OXIDE FUEL; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; MIXED CONDUCTORS; CO-DOPANT; SM3+; CELLS; PRASEODYMIUM; GADOLINIUM AB Various compositions of gadolinium-praseodymium doubly doped ceria (GPDC) have been studied to elucidate the effect of two co-dopants in enhancing the ionic conductivity. A Kinetic Lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) model of vacancy diffusion in GPDC has been developed, which uses activation energies obtained from DFT-calculations for vacancy migration in gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and praseodymium-doped ceria (PDC) as input. In order to identify the optimal composition of electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells, three different classes of GPDC were studied; (i) Gd rich, (ii) Pr rich and (iii) equal Gd-Pr content. It is assumed that the Gd and Pr are 100% ionized to Gd3+ and Pr3+. KLMC simulations showed that GPDC compositions with approximate to 0.20 mole fraction to 0.25 mole fraction of total dopant content exhibited the maximum ionic conductivity. Among the three classes studied, Gd-rich GPDC is found to have the highest conductivity for temperatures ranging from 873 K to 1073 K. The optimal co-doped compositions were found to be slightly temperature dependent. Analysis of vacancy migration pathways for millions of jump events show that GPDC has a slightly higher number of next neighbor jumps, which seems to explain most of the reason why GPDC has a higher ionic conductivity than PDC or GDC. The current KLMC calculations present a novel approach to study doubly doped ceria, as so far the theoretical results for ceria-based materials have been limited to mono-doped ceria. C1 [Dholabhai, Pratik P.; Adams, James B.; Crozier, Peter A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Sharma, Renu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dholabhai, PP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pratik.dholabhai@asu.edu; jim.adams@asu.edu; crozier@asu.edu; renu.sharma@nist.gov RI Dholabhai, Pratik/A-2366-2015 FU Department of Energy [DE-PS02-06ER06-17] FX This paper is based upon the work supported by the Department of Energy under the Grant No. DE-PS02-06ER06-17. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Fulton High Performance Computing Initiative (HPCI) at the Arizona State University for the computational resources. P. P. D wishes to thank Shahriar Anwar for stimulating discussions. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 47 BP 18991 EP 18997 DI 10.1039/c1jm14417k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 851JW UT WOS:000297265800017 ER PT S AU Remley, KA Souryal, MR Young, WF Kuester, DG Novotny, DR Guerrieri, JR AF Remley, Kate A. Souryal, Michael R. Young, William F. Kuester, Daniel G. Novotny, David R. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. GP IEEE TI Interference Tests for 900 MHz Frequency-Hopping Public-Safety Wireless Devices SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (ISEMC) CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Long Beach, CA SP ETS-LINDGREN, RETLIF TESTING LABS, ANDRO Comp Solut, LLC, China Electrotech Soc (CES), Electromagnet News Report (ENR), Evaluat Engn (EE), IN Compliance Magazine, Interference Technol/ITEM, Microwave Journal, Safety & EMC Magazine, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc (EMC) AB We discuss free-field measurement methods designed to quantify interference between wireless devices such as RF identification systems and RF-based emergency beacons used by fire fighters. For public safety applications, standardized testing requires that responder organizations purchase devices that are appropriate for their specific needs. Also, appropriate test methods must be developed because reliability can be life critical. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Young, William F.; Kuester, Daniel G.; Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.] NIST Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 818-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Souryal, Michael R.] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway,Mail Stop 818-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kate.remley@nist.gov; michael.souryal@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S.Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-10-X-00534] FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-10- X-00534 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4577-0812-1 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2011 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BXT97 UT WOS:000297048300088 ER PT S AU Pirkl, RJ Ladbury, JM Remley, KA AF Pirkl, Ryan J. Ladbury, John M. Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI The Reverberation Chamber's Unstirred Field: A Validation of the Image Theory Interpretation SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (ISEMC) CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Long Beach, CA SP ETS-LINDGREN, RETLIF TESTING LABS, ANDRO Comp Solut, LLC, China Electrotech Soc (CES), Electromagnet News Report (ENR), Evaluat Engn (EE), IN Compliance Magazine, Interference Technol/ITEM, Microwave Journal, Safety & EMC Magazine, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc (EMC) DE image theory; ray theory; reverberation chamber; unstirred field ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; MOBILE RADIO; ENCLOSURES; COMPONENT; CHANNELS AB Synthetic aperture measurements of a reverberation chamber's unstirred wireless channel are used to compare the observed power, time-of-arrival, and angle-of-arrival of unstirred multipath components to that predicted by ray/image theory for a rectangular cavity. An examination of the ray paths corresponding to erroneously predicted unstirred multipath components revealed that these ray paths intersect the reverberation chamber's mode-stirring paddles, absorber blocks, and various other objects in the chamber. This inspired a simple image-blocking model for the reverberation chamber's unstirred wireless channel, whereby contributions from ray paths intersecting the chamber's mode-stirring paddles and absorbers are neglected. This model elucidates the unstirred wireless channel's geometry-based multipath structure, justifies established best practices for reverberation chamber measurements, and enables the development of more effective techniques for mitigating the reverberation chamber's unstirred field components. C1 [Pirkl, Ryan J.; Ladbury, John M.; Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pirkl, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.pirkl@nist.gov; john.ladbury@nist.gov; kate.remley@nist.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4577-0812-1 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2011 BP 670 EP 675 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BXT97 UT WOS:000297048300117 ER PT S AU Mahboubi, H Moezzi, K Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K AF Mahboubi, Hamid Moezzi, Kaveh Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran GP IEEE TI Self-Deployment Algorithms for Field Coverage in a Network of Nonidentical Mobile Sensors: Vertex-Based Approach SO 2011 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Boeing, Bosch, Corning, Eaton, GE Global Res, Honeywell, Lockheed Martin, MathWorks, Natl Instruments, NT-MDT, United Technol ID COORDINATION AB In this paper, efficient deployment algorithms are proposed for a mobile sensor network to enlarge the coverage area. The proposed algorithms calculate the position of the sensors iteratively based on existing coverage holes in the field. To this end, the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi (MW-Voronoi) diagram is used for a network of mobile sensors with different sensing ranges. Under the proposed procedures, the sensors move in such a way that the coverage holes in the network are reduced. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the deployment schemes proposed in this paper. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Moezzi, Kaveh; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd W,EV005-139, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; k_moezz@ece.concordia.ca; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4577-0081-1 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2011 BP 3227 EP 3232 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BWZ06 UT WOS:000295376004007 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Santiago-Aviles, JJ AF Wang, Yu Santiago-Aviles, Jorge J. TI A Review on Synthesis and Characterization of Lead Zirconate Titanate Nanofibers through Electrospinning SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Review DE ferroelectric; lead zirconate titanate (PZT); fiber; electrospinning; material characterization; piezo-response imaging; simulation of electric field distribution ID FIBERS; TEMPERATURE AB This paper reviews our previous work on synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric lead zircornate titanate nanofibers through electrospinning. It addresses the synthetic procedure and mechanism, process and material characterization using viscometery, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersion spectrometery, Auger electron spectrometery, scanning probe microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infra-red spectrometery, Raman micro-spectrometery and piezo-response imaging techniques. It also looks into numerical analysis on the electrostatic field distribution during the electrospinning and piezo-response imaging processes. C1 [Wang, Yu] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Santiago-Aviles, Jorge J.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wangyu@nist.gov FU Penn's Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation [NSEC DMR08-32802]; UPR-H NSF CIRE-PUMP [9872689] FX This research was partially supported by Penn's Nano/Bio Interface Center through the National Science Foundation NSEC DMR08-32802. We would like to acknowledge Dr. S. Fachini from University of Puerto Rico at Rio Pedras for the AES analysis, and to UPR-H NSF CIRE-PUMP Program, award # 9872689, for financial support. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 39 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2011 VL 126 BP 60 EP 76 DI 10.1080/10584587.2011.574988 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 847XV UT WOS:000297009700009 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Zhang, NF Barnes, BM Zhou, H Qin, J Dixson, R AF Silver, R. M. Zhang, N. F. Barnes, B. M. Zhou, H. Qin, J. Dixson, R. BE Raymond, CJ TI Nested Uncertainties and Hybrid Metrology to Improve Measurement Accuracy SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXV, PT 1 AND PT 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXV CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd AB In this paper we present a method to combine measurement techniques that reduce uncertainties and improve measurement throughput. The approach has immediate utility when performing model-based optical critical dimension (OCD) measurements. When modeling optical measurements, a library of curves is assembled through the simulation of a multi-dimensional parameter space. Parametric correlation and measurement noise lead to measurement uncertainty in the fitting process resulting in fundamental limitations due to parametric correlations. We provide a strategy to decouple parametric correlation and reduce measurement uncertainties. We also develop the rigorous underlying Bayesian statistical model to apply this methodology to OCD metrology. These statistical methods use a priori information rigorously to reduce measurement uncertainty, improve throughput and develop an improved foundation for comprehensive reference metrology. C1 [Silver, R. M.; Zhang, N. F.; Barnes, B. M.; Zhou, H.; Qin, J.; Dixson, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-530-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7971 AR 797116 DI 10.1117/12.882411 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BXL99 UT WOS:000296334800036 ER PT J AU Lafferty, WJ Flaud, JM Tchana, FK AF Lafferty, W. J. Flaud, J. -M. Tchana, F. Kwabia TI The high-resolution infrared spectrum of ethylene in the 1800-2350 cm(-1) spectral region SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE infrared; ethylene; rovibrational interactions; line positions and intensities ID SIDE-BAND SPECTROMETER; SATURNIAN SYSTEM; LASER SPECTRA; C2H4; SPECTROSCOPY; CM-1 AB Fourier transform spectra of ethylene (C2H4) have been recorded in the 1800-2350 cm(-1) (4.3-5.6 mu m) spectral region using a Bruker IFS125HR spectrometer at a resolution of 0.004 cm(-1) leading to the observation of six vibrational bands, nu(7)+nu(8), nu(4)+nu(8), nu(6)+nu(10), nu(6)+nu(7), nu(4)+nu(6) and nu(3)+nu(10). The corresponding upper state rovibrational levels were fit using a Hamiltonian matrix accounting for numerous interactions. A satisfactory fit could be obtained using a polyad of nine interacting states {8(1)10(1), 7(1)8(1), 4(1)8(1), 8(1)12(1), 6(1)10(1), 6(1)7(1), 4(1)6(1), 3(1)10(1), 3(1)7(1)} of which three (8(1)10(1), 8(1)12(1) and 3(1)7(1)) are unobserved dark states. As a result a much more accurate and extended set of Hamiltonian constants were obtained than previously derived. The following band centers were determined: nu(0)(nu(7)+nu(8)) = 1888.9783(20)cm(-1), nu(0)(nu(4)+nu(8)) = 1958.2850(20) cm(-1), nu(0)(nu(6)+nu(10)) = 2047.7589(20) cm(-1), nu(0)(nu(6)+nu(7)) = 2178.011(60) cm(-1), nu(0)(nu(4)+nu(6)) = 2252.8026(24) cm(-1) and nu(0)(nu(3)+nu(10)) = 2171.2397(20) cm(-1). Finally, a synthetic spectrum that could be useful for ethylene detection in planetary atmospheres was generated. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, F. Kwabia] Univ Paris Est Creteil, LISA, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.; Tchana, F. Kwabia] Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-94010 Creteil, France. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM walter.lafferty@nist.gov FU NASA FX The portion of this work that was carried out at the Optical Technology Division of NIST was supported by the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA. One of the authors (JMF) thanks the Optical Technology Division for support during a stay at NIST. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2011 VL 109 IS 21 BP 2501 EP 2510 DI 10.1080/00268976.2011.577040 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 846KD UT WOS:000296895500003 ER PT J AU Steiner, EM Criddle, KR Adkison, MD AF Steiner, Erin M. Criddle, Keith R. Adkison, Milo D. TI Balancing Biological Sustainability with the Economic Needs of Alaska's Sockeye Salmon Fisheries SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; BRISTOL BAY; STOCHASTIC RECRUITMENT; CONSTANT-CATCH; LIMITED ENTRY; STRATEGIES; AQUACULTURE; MARKET; EXPLOITATION; PERFORMANCE AB Total revenue in the Bristol Bay, Alaska, fishery for sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka has declined by 80% over the past two decades. In contrast to other fisheries where declining revenues are a consequence of declining catches, Bristol Bay sockeye salmon landings have remained high and the revenue decline is a result of falling prices, which in turn are a consequence of competition from increased production of rainbow trout/steelhead O. mykiss (hereafter, rainbow trout) and coho salmon O. kisutch farmed in Chile. This paper explores possible changes to current management strategies that would continue to ensure biological sustainability while enhancing economic returns. We simulate three management strategies for Bristol Bay sockeye salmon: fixed escapement range, conditional fixed harvest, and conditional fixed harvest rate. Yields from these simulations are combined with a forecast of Chilean rainbow trout and coho salmon production and a model of international trade flows for Alaskan sockeye salmon and Chilean coho salmon and rainbow trout to generate forecasts of exvessel price and total revenue for 2010 under each management strategy. The simulations suggest that a change from the current fixed escapement range management strategy could improve the economic health of the fishery without compromising biological sustainability. C1 [Steiner, Erin M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Criddle, Keith R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Adkison, Milo D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99725 USA. RP Steiner, EM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM erin.steiner@noaa.gov RI Criddle, Keith/P-7080-2016 OI Criddle, Keith/0000-0001-9347-2944 FU Alaska Sea Grant College Program [ASG05-02] FX This paper is a result of work funded by the Alaska Sea Grant College Program (Project Number ASG05-02). All opinions are the authors' and do not necessarily represent the views of the Alaska Sea Grant College Program or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Detailed brood table data for Bristol Bay were provided by the ADFG. We acknowledge the generous assistance of Mark Herrmann and Abby Williams, who provided data and coefficient estimates for the international market model. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 431 EP 444 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.588917 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836UY UT WOS:000296140700003 ER PT J AU Li, N Liu, C He, C Li, Y Zha, XF AF Li, N. Liu, C. He, C. Li, Y. Zha, X. F. TI Gear fault detection based on adaptive wavelet packet feature extraction and relevance vector machine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE condition monitoring; fault detection; fault diagnosis; relevance vector machine; support vector machine; wavelet packet transform ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; DIAGNOSIS; TRANSFORM; CLASSIFICATION; SELECTION AB In this article, a novel fault detection method based on adaptive wavelet packet feature extraction and relevance vector machine (RVM) is proposed for incipient fault detection of gear. First, ten statistical characteristics in time domain and all node energies of full wavelet packet tree are extracted as candidate features. Then, Fisher criterion is applied to evaluate the discrimination power of each feature. Finally, two optimal features from time domain and wavelet domain, respectively, are selected to be used as inputs to the RVM. Furthermore, moving average is applied to each feature to improve accuracy for online continuous fault detection. By combining wavelet packet transform with Fisher criterion, it is able to adaptively find the optimal decomposition level and select the global optimal features. The RVM, a Bayesian learning framework of statistical pattern recognition, is adopted to train the fault detection model. The RVM was compared with the popular support vector machine (SVM) with the increase of training samples. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and indicate that RVM is more suitable than SVM for online fault detection. C1 [Li, N.; Liu, C.; He, C.; Li, Y.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Zha, X. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, N (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM linansjtu@sjtu.edu.cn FU National High Technology Program of China (863 Program) [2008AA2801, 2008AA2803] FX This research is supported by the National High Technology Program of China (863 Program, Grant Nos. 2008AA2801 and 2008AA2803). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4062 J9 P I MECH ENG C-J MEC JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C-J. Eng. Mech. Eng. Sci. PY 2011 VL 225 IS C11 BP 2727 EP 2738 DI 10.1177/0954406211400691 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 837TU UT WOS:000296226900021 ER PT J AU Chen, DD Macauley, MK AF Chen, David D. Macauley, Molly K. BE Sadeh, E TI Commercial Space Actors SO POLITICS OF SPACE: A SURVEY, 1ST EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Macauley, Molly K.] Resources Future Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. [Macauley, Molly K.] NOAA, National Level Comm & Panels, Space Studies Board, Climate Working Grp, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Macauley, Molly K.] NASA, Earth Sci Applicat Anal Grp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85743-419-4 PY 2011 BP 104 EP 119 PG 16 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BWE18 UT WOS:000293731000006 ER PT J AU Christiansen, BD Coutu, RA Heller, ER Poling, BS Via, GD Vetury, R Shealy, JB AF Christiansen, Bradley D. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. Heller, Eric R. Poling, Brian S. Via, G. David Vetury, Rama Shealy, Jeffrey B. GP IEEE TI Reliability Testing of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under Multiple Stressors SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE reliability; failure mechanisms; GaN; high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) AB We performed an experiment on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with high voltage and high power as stressors. We found that devices tested under high power generally degraded more than those tested under high voltage. In particular, the high-voltage-tested devices did not degrade significantly as suggested by some papers in the literature. The same papers in the literature also suggest that high voltages cause cracks and pits. However, the high-voltage-tested devices in this study do not exhibit cracks or pits in TEM images, while the high-power-tested devices exhibit pits. C1 [Christiansen, Bradley D.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heller, Eric R.] Air Resources Lab, Mat & Mfg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poling, Brian S.; Via, G. David] Air Resources Lab, Sensors Directorates, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Vetury, Rama; Shealy, Jeffrey B.] RF Micro Dev Inc, Def & Power, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Christiansen, BD (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ronald.Coutu@afit.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); Sensors Directorate; Aerospace Components; Subsystems Division FX This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Sensors Directorate, Aerospace Components and Subsystems Division. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9111-7 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWY60 UT WOS:000295322100114 ER PT J AU Ryan, JT Yu, LC Han, JH Kopanski, JJ Cheung, KP Zhang, F Wang, C Campbell, JP Suehle, JS Tilak, V Fronheiser, J AF Ryan, J. T. Yu, L. C. Han, J. H. Kopanski, J. J. Cheung, K. P. Zhang, F. Wang, C. Campbell, J. P. Suehle, J. S. Tilak, V. Fronheiser, J. GP IEEE TI A New Interface Defect Spectroscopy Method SO 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 10-14, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE interface states; P-b centers; charge pumping ID P-B CENTERS; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; MOS-TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; RADIATION; TRAPS AB A new interface defect spectroscopy method based on variable height charge pumping capable of observing the amphoteric nature of Si/SiO2 interface states in production quality sub-micron devices is demonstrated. It can help to resolve the long standing debate about the true nature of Si/SiO2 interface states. Additionally, we show that this is a powerful technique for studying other important material systems. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Yu, L. C.; Han, J. H.; Kopanski, J. J.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.; Suehle, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, L. C.; Tilak, V.; Fronheiser, J.] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Zhang, F.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wang, C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wang, C.] Fudan Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-9111-7 PY 2011 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWY60 UT WOS:000295322100035 ER PT S AU Jiang, YY Ludlow, AD Lemke, ND Sherman, JA von Stecher, J Fox, RW Ma, LS Rey, AM Oates, CW AF Jiang, Y. Y. Ludlow, A. D. Lemke, N. D. Sherman, J. A. von Stecher, J. Fox, R. W. Ma, L. S. Rey, A. M. Oates, C. W. GP IEEE TI Improving the stability and accuracy of the Yb optical lattice clock SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB We report results for improving the stability and uncertainty of the NIST Yb-171 lattice clock. The stability improvements derive from a significant reduction of the optical Dick effect, while the uncertainty improvements focus on improved understanding and constraint of the cold collision shift. C1 [Jiang, Y. Y.; Ludlow, A. D.; Lemke, N. D.; Sherman, J. A.; Fox, R. W.; Oates, C. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jiang, Y. Y.; Ma, L. S.] East China Normal Univ, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [von Stecher, J.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jiang, YY (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ludlow@boulder.nist.gov RI Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600002 ER PT S AU Heavner, TP Parker, TE Shirley, JH Donley, L Jefferts, SR Levi, F Calonico, D Calosso, C Costanzo, G Mongino, B AF Heavner, T. P. Parker, T. E. Shirley, J. H. Donley, L. Jefferts, S. R. Levi, F. Calonico, D. Calosso, C. Costanzo, G. Mongino, B. GP IEEE TI Comparing Room Temperature and Cryogenic Cesium Fountains SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID NIST-F1 AB We have compared the frequency of a room-temperature cesium-fountain primary frequency standard with that of a cryogenic (similar to 80K) cesium fountain. This comparison yields a measurement of the blackbody frequency shift of the room-temperature fountain. C1 [Heavner, T. P.; Parker, T. E.; Shirley, J. H.; Donley, L.; Jefferts, S. R.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levi, F.; Calonico, D.; Calosso, C.] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Costanzo, G.; Mongino, B.] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Heavner, TP (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600011 ER PT S AU Shirley, JH AF Shirley, Jon H. GP IEEE TI Alternative Variables for Computing Sideband Pulling in Atomic Frequency Standards SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB Sideband pulling has long been considered a possible source of frequency bias in atomic frequency standards. We treat a two-level system excited by coherent radiation with amplitude and phase modulation. We create alternative variables to facilitate the second-order solution of the associated time-dependent Schrodinger equation. We extend earlier work to include time- dependent excitation and initial phase dependence. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shirley, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600051 ER PT S AU Sherman, JA Oates, CW AF Sherman, J. A. Oates, C. W. GP IEEE TI Stability limits of an optical frequency standard based on free Ca atoms SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID DIODE-LASER; CLOCKS AB We have quantified a short term instability budget for an optical frequency standard based on cold, freely expanding calcium atoms. Such systems are the subject of renewed interest due to their high frequency stability and relative technical simplicity compared to trapped atom optical clocks. By filtering the clock laser light at 657 nm through a high finesse cavity, we observe a slight reduction in the optical Dick effect caused by aliased local oscillator noise. The ultimately limiting technical noise is measured using a technique that does not rely on a second clock or fs-comb. C1 [Sherman, J. A.; Oates, C. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. RP Sherman, JA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. EM jeff.sherman@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 340 EP 344 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600080 ER PT S AU Zhang, V Parker, TE Achkar, J Rovera, D AF Zhang, Victor Parker, Thomas E. Achkar, Joseph Rovera, Daniele GP IEEE TI Transatlantic 2.5 MChip/s Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer with Surface Acoustic Wave Filters SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB From August 2010 to April 2011, NIST and OP conducted an experiment of using surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters in transatlantic two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) with 2.5 MChip/s pseudo-random noise (PRN) codes. The SAW filters used in the experiment are 2.5 MHz band-pass filters with a center frequency of 70 MHz. Instead of using 3.5 MHz bandwidth required for the 2.5 MChip/s signal, the use of SAW filters allows the 2.5 MChip/s TWSTFT to use only 2.5 MHz bandwidth on a satellite transponder. We evaluated the SAW filters. We compared the time transfer instability of the filtered 2.5 MChip/s TWSTFT to the 1 MChip/s TWSTFT with and without the SAW filters. This paper presents the experiment results. C1 [Zhang, Victor; Parker, Thomas E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Achkar, Joseph; Rovera, Daniele] Time Metrol Grp LNE SYRTE, Observ Paris, Paris, France. RP Zhang, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM vzhang@boulder.nist.gov; tparker@boulder.nist.gov; joseph.achkar@obspm.fr; daniele.rovera@obspm.fr NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600091 ER PT S AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Vibration Sensitivity of Optical Components: A Survey SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF DE optical fiber; interferometer; phase noise; vibration sensitivity ID LASERS; NOISE AB Building optical fiber-based systems presents different challenges than free-space architectures due to the inherent vibration sensitivity of the fiber and the associated components. A survey of the vibration sensitivity of an assortment of commonly used fiber-based optical components is presented to identify problematic parts of a fiber-based design. The measurement of vibration sensitivity is challenging due to the difficulty of separating the sensitivity of the components from the measurement apparatus itself. The noise introduced by the interconnecting fibers bridging between the stationary measurement system and the vibrating device under test can dominate and mask the noise of the device being measured. We propose and demonstrate a novel technique to measure the vibration sensitivity of fiber-based optical components. It uses a common-arm counter-propagating frequency-shifted interferometer that cancels the vibration-induced phase noise of the interconnecting fibers. The proposed technique improves the vibration-induced phase noise floor by more than 30 dB compared to a conventional frequency-shifted Mach-Zehnder interferometer and allows measurement of low vibration sensitive devices. C1 [Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 532 EP 535 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600121 ER PT S AU Parker, TE AF Parker, Thomas E. GP IEEE TI Update on a Comparison of Cesium Fountain Primary Frequency Standards SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB An update to a previous long term frequency comparison of cesium fountain primary frequency standards [1] has been made. This update covers the approximate three year interval from March 2008 to March 2011 and also includes two new standards. Also, simulated data have been used to estimate the biases and standard deviation of the Birge ratio as a function of the degrees of freedom. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tparker@boulder.nist.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 596 EP 599 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600134 ER PT S AU Esnault, FX Donley, EA Kitching, J Ivanov, EN AF Esnault, F. -X. Donley, E. A. Kitching, J. Ivanov, E. N. GP IEEE TI Status of a compact cold-atom CPT frequency standard SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID DARK RESONANCES; RAMAN; CONTRAST; BEAM; LINE AB We describe the progress towards the realization of a cold-atom frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT). We explain our particular CPT configuration and give details on the experimental setup. C1 [Esnault, F. -X.; Donley, E. A.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ivanov, E. N.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Esnault, FX (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Atom Devices & Instrumentat Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fesanult@nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 612 EP 614 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600138 ER PT S AU Novick, A Weiss, M Lee, K Sutton, D AF Novick, A. Weiss, M. Lee, K. Sutton, D. GP IEEE TI Examination of Time and Frequency Control Across Wide Area Networks Using IEEE-1588v2 Unicast Transmissions SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB The IEEE 1588-2008 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) version 2 (IEEE 1588v2) can be used to synchronize a slave clock to a grandmaster clock over a wide area network (WAN). However, many of the algorithms the slaves use to steer to the master are optimized for a scenario where both devices are on the same subnet or local area network (LAN). This paper is a study of existing PTP hardware from a number of different manufacturers in unicast mode. We characterize the performance of the equipment, beginning with the timing outputs of the masters that are locked to their built-in Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. Next, we compare the results of steering unicast clients to their masters through a LAN versus several wider-area network configurations such as virtual-LANs and the public Internet. Analysis of the results will show how clients of different manufacture handle the various network paths. It is our hope that these comparisons will instigate changes to clock steering and synchronization algorithms, which may help improve the overall capabilities of PTP for telecom and other networking environments. As network synchronization techniques improve, the quality of the PTP masters will become more significant. Therefore, the performance and calibration of PTP masters with respect to UTC(NIST) is also discussed. C1 [Novick, A.; Weiss, M.; Lee, K.; Sutton, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Novick, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM novick@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 670 EP 675 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600152 ER PT S AU Romisch, S Jefferts, SR Parker, TE AF Roemisch, Stefania Jefferts, Steven R. Parker, Thomas E. GP IEEE TI Towards an All-digital Time Scale SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB The implementation of an all-digital time scale is under way at NIST, by use of a novel 8-channel, all-digital phase measurement system based on subsampling techniques. The phase measurement system is used to compare output signals from several commercial atomic frequency standards; the phase differences between these signals, at different measurement times, will then be input to the algorithm used to generate the digital time scale. The subsampling technique allows the elimination of analog mixers in the system's front end, with their noise contributions, and yields performance that is comparable to or better than the present state of the art. Long-term (up to 80 days) comparisons of both common-clock performance and fractional frequency measurements between the latest generation of the digital measurement system and the commercially available system used in the implementation of UTC(NIST) are presented. C1 [Roemisch, Stefania; Jefferts, Steven R.; Parker, Thomas E.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Romisch, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. EM romisch@boulder.nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 685 EP 689 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600155 ER PT S AU Kessler, T Hagemann, C Legero, T Sterr, U Riehle, F Martin, M Ye, J AF Kessler, Thomas Hagemann, Christian Legero, Thomas Sterr, Uwe Riehle, Fritz Martin, Michael Ye, Jun GP IEEE TI Development of a Cryogenic Sub-Hz Laser System for Optical Clocks SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB We present the setup of a cryogenic single-crystal silicon optical cavity with a potential thermal noise floor below 10(-16). The system comprises a vibration-free cryostat based on gaseous nitrogen as coolant. C1 [Kessler, Thomas; Hagemann, Christian; Legero, Thomas; Sterr, Uwe; Riehle, Fritz] PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Kessler, Thomas; Hagemann, Christian; Legero, Thomas; Sterr, Uwe; Riehle, Fritz] QUEST, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Martin, Michael; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martin, Michael; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kessler, T (reprint author), PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM christian.hagemann@ptb.de NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 699 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600158 ER PT S AU Barnes, CA Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Barnes, C. A. Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Residual PM Noise Evaluation of Radio Frequency Mixers SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF DE Flicker noise; mixers; phase detector; phase noise ID AM AB Direct observation of phase-modulation (PM) noise is often difficult due to the high dynamic range that exists between the carrier and the modulated sidebands. A common tool used to reduce the dynamic range is the phase detector, which removes the carrier and down-converts its noise sidebands to baseband. The double balanced mixer (DBM) is the most widely used phase detector for high-resolution PM noise detection at most carrier frequencies. For Fourier offset frequencies close to the carrier, the residual flicker phase noise of the DBM is often the limiting factor of a PM noise measurement system. Careful evaluation of the phase detector under various operating conditions can lead to the optimization of a PM noise measurement system's sensitivity. This paper describes a survey of residual PM noise measurements for a variety of DBMs at 5 MHz. In order to attain quality measurements, careful attention is devoted to the reduction of ground loops during PM noise measurements. The input powers to the local oscillator (LO) and reference frequency (RF) ports of the mixers are varied to determine the optimal operating point of these devices. C1 [Barnes, C. A.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barnes, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 724 EP 728 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600165 ER PT S AU Li, T Argence, B Haboucha, A Jiang, H Dornaux, JL Kone, D Clairon, A Lemonde, P Santarelli, G Nelson, C Hati, A Burt, E AF Li, T. Argence, B. Haboucha, A. Jiang, H. Dornaux, J. L. Kone, D. Clairon, A. Lemonde, P. Santarelli, G. Nelson, C. Hati, A. Burt, E. GP IEEE TI Low Vibration Sensitivity Fiber Spools for Laser Stabilization SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID FREQUENCY-NOISE AB Mechanical vibration induced frequency noise is dominated at low Fourier frequencies in a fiber spool stabilized laser. Environmental vibration causes mechanical deformations in the fiber which induce phase fluctuations and then convert into excess frequency noise to the lasers. Therefore, the spool which supports the fiber plays a critical role in this frequency noise conversion. We have studied several different structures of spool. The preliminary results are about 3x10(-10)/m s(-2) for accelerations along the spool axis. In this paper, we describe the development of a spool design which is optimized for low vibration sensitivity along all spatial directions. Both simulations by Finite Element Modeling (FEM) and vibration sensitivity measurements are presented. C1 [Li, T.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Key Lab Quantum Opt, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Argence, B.; Haboucha, A.; Jiang, H.; Dornaux, J. L.; Kone, D.; Clairon, A.; Lemonde, P.; Santarelli, G.] Observ Paris, UPMC, CNRS, LNE SYRTE, Paris, France. [Nelson, C.; Hati, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Burt, E.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Li, T (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Key Lab Quantum Opt, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. RI jiang, haifeng/A-6637-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 739 EP 741 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600169 ER PT S AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah GP IEEE TI Synchronizing Computer Clocks Using Kalman Filters SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB I have used the Kalman Filter algorithm to improve the link between the Internet Time Servers operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the primary atomic clock ensemble in Boulder, which realizes UTC(NIST) and which is used as the reference for the time servers. The Kalman algorithm is better able to separate the contributions of multiple noise sources such as the fluctuations in the asymmetry of the channel delay and the statistical fluctuations in the clock used as the internal reference for the time server. This improved separation has made it possible to compensate to some extent for the lower-quality telephone circuits that are often used as the links for synchronizing the time servers to the atomic clock ensemble. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jlevine@boulder.nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 785 EP 790 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600179 ER PT S AU Liebisch, TC Blanshan, E Donley, EA Kitching, J AF Liebisch, T. C. Blanshan, E. Donley, E. A. Kitching, J. GP IEEE TI MOT Loading Enhancement with Stimulated Light Forces SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Fransisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB We demonstrate atom number enhancement in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) by use of bichromatic cooling to slow an atomic beam that is loaded into a MOT. Bichromatic cooling employs stimulated emission to apply strong cooling forces that are not limited by spontaneous emission. We demonstrate a factor of 3.5 increase in atom number captured from the atomic beam for a 1.5 cm cooling length. For a 1.5 cm effective cooling length, our technique yields MOT atom number enhancement that is about three times higher than the enhancement acheived via spontaneous emission. C1 [Liebisch, T. C.; Blanshan, E.; Donley, E. A.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@boulder.nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 808 EP 810 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600184 ER PT S AU Swallows, MD Bishof, M Lin, Y Blatt, S Martin, MJ Rey, AM Ye, J AF Swallows, M. D. Bishof, M. Lin, Y. Blatt, S. Martin, M. J. Rey, A. M. Ye, J. GP IEEE TI Supression of collisional frequency shifts in an optical lattice clock SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB By strongly confining atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice, we have suppressed collisional frequency shifts in a Sr-87 optical lattice clock. C1 [Swallows, M. D.; Bishof, M.; Lin, Y.; Blatt, S.; Martin, M. J.; Rey, A. M.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Swallows, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 862 EP 862 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600195 ER PT S AU Rossetto, N Esnault, FX Holleville, D Delporte, J Lours, M Dimarcq, N AF Rossetto, N. Esnault, F. X. Holleville, D. Delporte, J. Lours, M. Dimarcq, N. GP IEEE TI Dick effect and cavity pulling on HORACE compact cold atom clock SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium / 25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB HORACE is a compact cold caesium (Cs) atom clock using isotropic light cooling technique directly inside the spherical microwave cavity. It has been designed for onboard and space applications. Ultimate stability as low as 2.2 10(-13) tau(-1/2) had been demonstrated, limited by atomic shot noise and quantum projection noise. Influence of Dick effect has been studied and a compact and simple frequency synthesizer using off the shelf quartz has been realized and characterized. As atoms remain in the cavity during Ramsey sequence, long term stability evaluation focused on cavity pulling effect. This proceeding presents both the microwave synthesizer development and cavity pulling study using a tricky technique to tune the microwave cavity. C1 [Rossetto, N.; Holleville, D.; Lours, M.; Dimarcq, N.] SYRTE Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Esnault, F. X.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Delporte, J.] CNES, F-31055 Toulouse, France. RP Rossetto, N (reprint author), SYRTE Observ Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. FU French space agency (CNES); Thales Electron Devices (TED) FX The authors would like to thank the French space agency (CNES) and Thales Electron Devices (TED) for supporting this work and for providing research studentship respectively. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 911 EP 914 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600207 ER PT S AU Fortier, TM Kirchner, MS Quinlan, F Taylor, JA Lemke, N Ludlow, A Jiang, Y Rosenband, T Bergquist, JC Oates, CW Diddams, SA AF Fortier, T. M. Kirchner, M. S. Quinlan, F. Taylor, J. A. Lemke, N. Ludlow, A. Jiang, Y. Rosenband, T. Bergquist, J. C. Oates, C. W. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Photonically Generated 10 GHz Microwaves with Close-to-Carrier Phase Noise <-100 dBc/Hz SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF ID LASER AB We demonstrate a 10 GHz photonic oscillator based on optical frequency division of a high-stability optical reference with a modelocked fs laser. Characterization with a second independent photonic oscillator reveals a close-to-carrier phase noise that is < 100 dBc/Hz, reducing to a shot noise floor of -156 dBc/Hz at a 1MHz offset. C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Kirchner, M. S.; Quinlan, F.; Taylor, J. A.; Lemke, N.; Ludlow, A.; Jiang, Y.; Rosenband, T.; Bergquist, J. C.; Oates, C. W.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fortier@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 915 EP 916 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600208 ER PT S AU Weiss, M Zhang, V White, J Senior, K Matsakis, D Mitchell, S Uhrich, P Valat, D Lewandowski, W Petit, G Bauch, A Feldman, T Proia, A AF Weiss, Marc Zhang, Victor White, J. Senior, K. Matsakis, D. Mitchell, S. Uhrich, P. Valat, D. Lewandowski, W. Petit, G. Bauch, A. Feldman, T. Proia, A. GP IEEE TI Coordinating GPS Calibrations Among NIST, NRL, USNO, PTB, and OP SO 2011 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM/EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Joint Conference of the 65th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/25th European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 01-05, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, IEEE UFFC, EFTF AB Reviewing calibration results over the history since early 1980's among several labs shows very mixed results. The best stabilities of GPS receivers, as given by calibrations, are of the order of a few nanoseconds or better over a year, though many results are quite a bit worse. Absolute calibrations show similar potential, though there are problems. We conclude that more calibrations and standard methods are needed. C1 [Weiss, Marc; Zhang, Victor] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Weiss, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. EM mweiss@nist.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-61284-110-6 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2011 BP 1070 EP 1075 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BWX38 UT WOS:000295261600239 ER PT S AU Grantham, S Tarrio, C Hill, SB Richter, LJ Lucatorto, TB van Dijk, J Kaya, C Harned, N Hoefnagels, R Silova, M Steinhoff, J AF Grantham, S. Tarrio, C. Hill, S. B. Richter, L. J. Lucatorto, T. B. van Dijk, J. Kaya, C. Harned, N. Hoefnagels, R. Silova, M. Steinhoff, J. BE LaFontaine, BM Naulleau, PP TI The NIST EUV facility for advanced photoresist qualification using the witness-sample test SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography II CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Cymer, Inc DE extreme ultraviolet; EUV lithography; photoresist; multilayer mirror; contamination; witness-plate AB Before being used in an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) scanner, photoresists must be qualified to ensure that they will not excessively contaminate the scanner optics or other parts of the vacuum environment of the scanner. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology we have designed and constructed a high-throughput beamline on the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF III) in order to provide data on the contamination potential of the outgas products of a candidate resist by simultaneously irradiating a witness substrate and a nearby resist-coated wafer with EUV radiation, the so called witness sample test that is currently the resist qualification method required by ASML. We will present results from four sample resists that were subjected to the test. Although the witness-sample test based on irradiating the resist with EUV radiation at 13.5 nm most closely reproduces conditions in a scanner, the limited availability of suitable EUV sources to conduct such tests has led to development of an alternative method which uses e-beam irradiation in place of EUV radiation. We will also present the results of a comparison of these two methods. C1 [Grantham, S.; Tarrio, C.; Hill, S. B.; Richter, L. J.; Lucatorto, T. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grantham, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-528-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7969 AR 79690K DI 10.1117/12.879519 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWM07 UT WOS:000294218000019 ER PT S AU Hill, SB Faradzhev, NS Richter, LJ Grantham, S Tarrio, C Lucatorto, TB Yulin, S Schurmann, M Nesterenko, V Feigl, T AF Hill, S. B. Faradzhev, N. S. Richter, L. J. Grantham, S. Tarrio, C. Lucatorto, T. B. Yulin, S. Schuermann, M. Nesterenko, V. Feigl, T. BE LaFontaine, BM Naulleau, PP TI Optics contamination studies in support of high-throughput EUV lithography tools SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography II CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Cymer, Inc DE Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL); multilayer optics; optics lifetime; optics contamination; ellipsometry; carbon deposition; photochemistry ID ELECTRONS; SOLIDS AB We report on optics contamination rates induced by exposure to broad-bandwidth, high-intensity EUV radiation peaked near 8 nm in a new beamline at the NIST synchrotron. The peak intensity of 50 mW/mm(2) allows extension of previous investigations of contamination by in-band 13.5 nm radiation at intensities an order of magnitude lower. We report non-linear pressure and intensity scaling of the contamination rates which is consistent with the earlier lower-intensity studies. The magnitude of the contamination rate per unit EUV dose, however, was found to be significantly lower for the lower wavelength exposures. We also report an apparent dose-dependent correlation between the thicknesses as measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry and XPS for the carbon deposits created using the higher doses available on the new beamline. It is proposed that this is due to different sensitivities of the metrologies to variations in the density of the deposited C induced by prolonged EUV irradiation. C1 [Hill, S. B.; Faradzhev, N. S.; Richter, L. J.; Grantham, S.; Tarrio, C.; Lucatorto, T. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hill, SB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shannon.hill@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-528-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7969 AR 79690M DI 10.1117/12.879852 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWM07 UT WOS:000294218000021 ER PT J AU Wang, N Lee, JL AF Wang, Ning Lee, Jin-Luen TI GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ICOSAHEDRAL-HEXAGONAL GRID ON THE TWO-SPHERE SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE icosahedral grid; Voronoi tessellation; shallow water model ID SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; SPHERE; EQUATIONS; TESTS AB An icosahedral-hexagonal grid on the two-sphere is created by dividing the faces of an icosahedron and projecting the vertices onto the sphere. This grid and its Voronoi tessellation have several desirable features for numerical simulations of physical processes on the sphere. While several methods to construct the icosahedral grid mesh have been proposed over the past decades, and empirical data have been collected to understand and help improve the grid, rarely have analytical analyses been done to investigate the basic geometric properties of the grid. In this paper, we present an analytical analysis of several geometric properties of the icosahedral grids based on two basic constructions: recursive and nonrecursive construction. We point out that these geometric properties can be improved with modified construction procedures. We demonstrate how these improvements impact the numerical integration of PDEs over the sphere. C1 [Wang, Ning] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Ning; Lee, Jin-Luen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 325 Broadway,R GSD6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ning.wang@noaa.gov; jin.lee@noaa.gov RI Lee, JIN-LUEN/G-5364-2015; Wang, Ning/C-6841-2015 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 BP 2536 EP 2559 DI 10.1137/090761355 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 842IM UT WOS:000296591200019 ER PT S AU Grummel, B Mustain, HA Shen, ZJ Hefner, AR AF Grummel, Brian Mustain, Habib A. Shen, Z. John Hefner, Allen R. GP IEEE TI Reliability Study of Au-In Transient Liquid Phase Bonding for SiC Power Semiconductor Packaging SO 2011 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ICS (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs (ISPSD) CY MAY 23-26, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Elect Device Soc (EDS), Inst Elect Engineers Japan (IEEJ), IEEE Power & Elect Soc ID INDIUM AB Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a promising advanced die-attach technique for wide-bandgap power semiconductor and high-temperature packaging. TLP bonding advances modern soldering techniques by raising the melting point to over 500 degrees C without detrimental high-lead materials. The bond also has greater reliability and rigidity due in part to a bonding temperature of 200 degrees C that drastically lowers the peak bond stresses. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity is fractionally increased 67 % while the bond thickness is substantially reduced, lowering the thermal resistance by an order of magnitude or more. It is observed that Au-In TLP bonds exude excellent electrical reliability against thermal cycling degradation if designed properly as experimentally confirmed in this work. C1 [Grummel, Brian; Mustain, Habib A.; Shen, Z. John] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Grummel, Brian; Hefner, Allen R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Mustain, Habib A.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC USA. RP Grummel, B (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM bgrummel@mail.ucf.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4244-8424-9 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2011 BP 260 EP 263 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BWZ59 UT WOS:000295416300065 ER PT S AU Wang, WH Lei, Y Liu, DG Kung, D Csallner, C Zhang, DZ Kacker, R Kuhn, R AF Wang, Wenhua Lei, Yu Liu, Donggang Kung, David Csallner, Christoph Zhang, Dazhi Kacker, Raghu Kuhn, Rick GP IEEE TI A Combinatorial Approach to Detecting Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities SO 2011 IEEE/IFIP 41ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN) SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IFIP 41st International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN) CY JUN 27-30, 2011 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IFIP WG 10.4 Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance DE Software Security; Security Testing; Buffer Overflow Vulnerability ID INTERACTION TEST SUITES; STATIC ANALYSIS; SECURITY; SYSTEMS AB Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are program defects that can cause a buffer to overflow at runtime. Many security attacks exploit buffer overflow vulnerabilities to compromise critical data structures. In this paper, we present a black-box testing approach to detecting buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Our approach is motivated by a reflection on how buffer overflow vulnerabilities are exploited in practice. In most cases the attacker can influence the behavior of a target system only by controlling its external parameters. Therefore, launching a successful attack often amounts to a clever way of tweaking the values of external parameters. We simulate the process performed by the attacker, but in a more systematic manner. A novel aspect of our approach is that it adapts a general software testing technique called combinatorial testing to the domain of security testing. In particular, our approach exploits the fact that combinatorial testing often achieves a high level of code coverage. We have implemented our approach in a prototype tool called Tance. The results of applying Tance to five open-source programs show that our approach can be very effective in detecting buffer overflow vulnerabilities. C1 [Wang, Wenhua; Lei, Yu; Liu, Donggang; Kung, David; Csallner, Christoph; Zhang, Dazhi] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu; Kuhn, Rick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, WH (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM wenhuawang@uta.edu; ylei@uta.edu; dliu@uta.edu; kung@uta.edu; csallner@uta.edu; dazhi@uta.edu; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov FU Information Technology Lab (ITL) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB10H168] FX This work is partly supported by a grant (Award No. 70NANB10H168) from the Information Technology Lab (ITL) of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-0889 BN 978-1-4244-9231-2 J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO PY 2011 BP 269 EP 278 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BXB87 UT WOS:000295616400024 ER PT J AU Arriola, I Whitenton, E Heigel, J Arrazola, PJ AF Arriola, I. Whitenton, E. Heigel, J. Arrazola, P. J. TI Relationship between machinability index and in-process parameters during orthogonal cutting of steels SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plastic strain; Temperature; Machinability index AB Temperature and plastic strain maps were obtained during orthogonal cutting of two steels with different machinability indexes using a high-speed dual-spectrum (visible and infrared) and visible spectrum cameras, respectively. Surface and internal temperature were compared by simultaneous measurements with a thermal camera and thermocouples embedded in the flank face of the cutting tool. A cause-effect relationship between the machinability index and the analyzed in-process variables is determined. This will help with developing a practical tool for the scientific design of different machinability index materials, as well as an alternative method to time-consuming and expensive standardized machinability tests. (C) 2011 CIRP. C1 [Arriola, I.] Mondragon Univ, Fac Engn, Arrasate Mondragon, Spain. [Arriola, I.] MarGUNE Ctr, Eibar, Spain. [Whitenton, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heigel, J.] KT Consulting Inc, Antioch, CA USA. RP Arriola, I (reprint author), Mondragon Univ, Fac Engn, Arrasate Mondragon, Spain. RI ARRAZOLA, PEDRO JOSE/L-4999-2014 OI ARRAZOLA, PEDRO JOSE/0000-0001-5500-8956 FU Basque Government [IE 09-254]; Spanish Government [DPI2009-14286-C02-01, PI2010-11] FX The authors thank the Basque and Spanish Governments for the financial support given to the projects MANUFACTURING 0,0 II (code IE 09-254) and METINCOX (DPI2009-14286-C02-01 and PI2010-11). Authors also thank Sidenor (Spain), Ainhara Garay and Andoni Villar of MU (Spain) and April Cooke and Robert Ivester of NIST (USA) for support given to this work. For further information contact e-mail: iarriola@tekniker.es. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.082 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 828IP UT WOS:000295495000024 ER PT S AU Baumann, E Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Zolot, AM Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Baumann, Esther Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William C. Zolot, Alex M. Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. BE Strojnik, M Paez, G TI Precision Spectroscopy with Frequency Combs at 3.4 mu m SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XIX CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Frequency combs; Mid-IR; Molecular spectroscopy ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; GENERATOR; LASERS AB We discuss precision spectroscopy with a comb-based spectrometer at 3.4 mu m. Our goal is to explore comb-based spectroscopy as an alternative method for fast, highly resolved, accurate measurements of gas line shapes. The spectrometer uses dual 1.5 mu m frequency combs down converted to 3.4 mu m via difference frequency generation (DFG) with a stabilized 1 mu m fiber laser. One 3.4 mu m comb is transmitted through methane and heterodyned against the second, offset comb to measure the gas absorption and dispersion. Doppler-broadened methane spectral lines are measured to below 1 MHz uncertainty. We also discuss the higher sensitivity alternative of a comb-assisted swept-laser DFG spectrometer. C1 [Baumann, Esther; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William C.; Zolot, Alex M.; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baumann, E (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM esther.baumann@boulder.nist.gov RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-764-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8154 AR 81540B DI 10.1117/12.896692 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXF54 UT WOS:000295964600009 ER PT J AU Cope, JM DeVore, J Dick, EJ Ames, K Budrick, J Erickson, DL Grebel, J Hanshew, G Jones, R Mattes, L Niles, C Williams, S AF Cope, Jason M. DeVore, John Dick, E. J. Ames, Kelly Budrick, John Erickson, Daniel L. Grebel, Joanna Hanshew, Gretchen Jones, Robert Mattes, Lynn Niles, Corey Williams, Sarah TI An Approach to Defining Stock Complexes for US West Coast Groundfishes Using Vulnerabilities and Ecological Distributions SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; CATCH; POPULATIONS; ROCKFISH AB The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) requires active management of all stocks at risk of overfishing or otherwise in need of conservation and management. In the Pacific Fishery Management Council groundfish fishery management plan, about two-thirds of the more than 90 managed stocks are currently without traditional assessments to help define stock status in relation to management targets. Stock complexes are often employed for management purposes in such situations. The guidelines issued in response to the 2006 MSA amendments defined a complex as a group of stocks with similar geographic distributions, life histories, and vulnerabilities to fisheries. This work uses productivity-susceptibility analysis (PSA) to measure the vulnerabilities of 90 managed groundfish stocks, 64 of which are currently managed within stock complexes. These stock complexes are reevaluated by first using a partitioning cluster analysis to group the stocks by depth and latitude. Vulnerability reference points are then established based on the PSA results to determine vulnerability groups of low, medium, high, and major concern within each ecological group. This method is a simple and flexible approach to incorporating vulnerability measures into stock complex designations while providing information with which to prioritize stock- and complex-specific management. C1 [Cope, Jason M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [DeVore, John; Ames, Kelly] Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, OR 97220 USA. [Dick, E. J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Budrick, John] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Belmont, CA 94002 USA. [Erickson, Daniel L.; Mattes, Lynn] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Grebel, Joanna] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Hanshew, Gretchen; Williams, Sarah] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jones, Robert] NW Indian Fisheries Commiss, Montesano, WA 98331 USA. [Niles, Corey] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Seattle, WA 98563 USA. RP Cope, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.cope@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 589 EP 604 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.591264 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VC UT WOS:000296141400001 ER PT J AU Tabor, RA Fresh, KL Piaskowski, RM Gearns, HA Hayes, DB AF Tabor, Roger A. Fresh, Kurt L. Piaskowski, Richard M. Gearns, Howard A. Hayes, Daniel B. TI Habitat Use by Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Nearshore Areas of Lake Washington: Effects of Depth, Lakeshore Development, Substrate, and Vegetation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; NORTH TEMPERATE LAKES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT; ATLANTIC SALMON; PREDATION RISK; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; PUGET-SOUND; MICROHABITAT SELECTION AB Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in nearshore areas of Lake Washington, Washington, were studied to determine their depth distribution, substrate associations, and use of overhanging vegetation (OHV) and shoreline armoring. From March to May, juvenile Chinook salmon progressively shifted to deeper waters as they increased in size. At night, they were associated with small substrates, whereas no association with a particular substrate type was detected during daytime. Juveniles were commonly found in open areas or within 5 m of overwater structures (e. g., piers and docks) but were rarely found directly under such structures. The number of juveniles associated with armored shorelines was lower than expected given the availability of this habitat type. Large numbers of small juveniles often used OHV during the day; however, at night they moved away from cover and occupied open areas with no structure. Larger juveniles did not show a strong affinity to overhead cover. Our results suggest that continued development of the Lake Washington shoreline has the potential to restrict the amount of habitat that is useable by the Chinook salmon. They used shallow shoreline areas with fine substrates (sands and gravels), including both open beaches and areas with riparian vegetation for providing woody debris and OHV. These types of habitat features tend to be reduced as a result of lakeshore development. We hypothesize that habitat use by juvenile Chinook salmon was most likely being driven by predation risk. Habitat changes resulting from shoreline development could therefore potentially increase their vulnerability to predators. C1 [Tabor, Roger A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Piaskowski, Richard M.; Gearns, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Hayes, Daniel B.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Tabor, RA (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr SE,Suite 102, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM roger_tabor@fws.gov FU Seattle Public Utilities FX Sean Rubey, Chuck McCoy, Sergio Camacho, David Low, and Heather Tschaekofske (USFWS) assisted with field sampling. Personnel of the City of Renton, Washington, provided logistic support for field sampling. Steve Dilley and Scott Sanders (USFWS) assisted with the figures. Kelly Kiyohara (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife) provided information on Chinook salmon emigration. The study was financially supported by Seattle Public Utilities and administered by Keith Kurko and Julie Hall. Comments provided by Julie Hall (Seattle Public Utilities), Michele Koehler (Seattle Public Utilities), Ken Tiffan, Jim Johnson, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of USFWS. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 700 EP 713 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.611424 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VC UT WOS:000296141400012 ER PT J AU Barnett, LAK Spence, BC AF Barnett, Lewis A. K. Spence, Brian C. TI Freshwater Survival of Stranded Steelhead Kelts in Coastal Central California Streams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS WALBAUM; VARIABILITY; ITEROPARITY; COLUMBIA; CLIMATE; TRANSPORTATION; CONSERVATION; PATTERNS; EVENTS; STRESS AB During 2008, spring drought conditions in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California resulted in hundreds of postspawn adult steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss becoming stranded in streams and unable to return to sea. These individuals had no other option than to spend the entire summer and fall in freshwater habitats. As the fate of stranded kelts is poorly documented, we attempted to estimate the oversummer survival of steelhead kelts and to assess whether local habitat characteristics influenced survival rates. We found that nearly 40% of kelts observed during summer surveys were still alive in late October, just before the first significant rains of the season, and most individuals were observed to be in fair condition. Survival was higher for fish that resided in pools with substantial cover than for fish that occupied pools with only partial or no concealment. Overall, the unexpectedly high survival rates of stranded kelts suggest that the rescue and relocation of stranded steelhead to other habitats or to hatcheries may only be warranted when there are clear imminent threats to survival. Managers should consider the effects of strandings on population viability given that climate change may increase the frequency of strandings and decrease the survival of stranded individuals. C1 [Barnett, Lewis A. K.; Spence, Brian C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Barnett, LAK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM labarnett@ucdavis.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.608618 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 836VC UT WOS:000296141400018 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Patrick, HJ AF Germer, Thomas A. Patrick, Heather J. BE Shaw, JA Tyo, JS TI Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function measurements and modeling of diffuse reflectance standards SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing V CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE BRDF; Mueller matrix; PTFE; reflectance standards ID POLARIZED-LIGHT; CALIBRATION AB We measure the Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of pressed and sintered powdered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reflectance standards for an incident angle of 75 degrees. Rotationally-averaged Mueller matrices from the materials showed a small asymmetry M-12 not equal M-21 and M-34 not equal -M-43 in the in-plane geometry. This asymmetry, however, followed Helmholtz reciprocity rules. A significant anisotropy was observed in the sintered samples, which was manifested as non-zero off-block diagonal elements that depended upon rotation of the samples. Modeling using a Mueller matrix extension to the radiative transfer equation was performed. While there was not quantitative agreement, some aspects of the data were observed, including the asymmetry. Availability of an improved Mueller matrix phase function should improve the quality of the model-experiment agreement. C1 [Germer, Thomas A.; Patrick, Heather J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-770-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8160 AR 81600D DI 10.1117/12.892713 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXI33 UT WOS:000296182300010 ER PT S AU Vorburger, TV Zheng, A Renegar, TB Song, JF Ma, L AF Vorburger, T. V. Zheng, A. Renegar, T. B. Song, J-F Ma, L. BE Leach, R TI An iterative algorithm for calculating stylus radius unambiguously SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METROLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING SURFACES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces CY APR 12-15, 2011 CL Twickenham, ENGLAND AB The stylus radius is an important specification for stylus instruments and is commonly provided by instrument manufacturers. However, it is difficult to measure the stylus radius unambiguously. Accurate profiles of the stylus tip may be obtained by profiling over an object sharper than itself, such as a razor blade. However, the stylus profile thus obtained is a partial arc, and unless the shape of the stylus tip is a perfect sphere or circle, the effective value of the radius depends on the length of the tip profile over which the radius is determined. We have developed an iterative, least squares algorithm aimed to determine the effective least squares stylus radius unambiguously. So far, the algorithm converges to reasonable results for the least squares stylus radius. We suggest that the algorithm be considered for adoption in documentary standards describing the properties of stylus instruments. C1 [Vorburger, T. V.; Zheng, A.; Renegar, T. B.; Song, J-F; Ma, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tvtv@nist.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 311 AR 012029 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/311/1/012029 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BXF24 UT WOS:000295935800029 ER PT S AU Galletti, M Zrnic, D Zhang, GF Doviak, D Crain, J AF Galletti, Michele Zrnic, Dusan Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Dick Crain, Jerry GP IEEE TI CPPAR - Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar System Design SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA-NSSL) and the Advanced Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma (OU-ARRC) are presently involved in the design, development and construction of a cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar (CPPAR) to demonstrate polarimetric capabilities for weather sensing within the Multi-function Phased Array Radar (MPAR) project. In this paper we present preliminary system design of CPPAR. C1 [Galletti, Michele; Zrnic, Dusan; Doviak, Dick] NOAA NSSL Norman, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu; Crain, Jerry] OU ARRC, Norman, OK USA. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), NOAA NSSL Norman, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM michele.galletti@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000007 ER PT S AU Galletti, M Zrnic, DS Melnikov, VM Doviak, RJ AF Galletti, Michele Zrnic, Dusan S. Melnikov, Valery M. Doviak, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Degree of Polarization: Theory and Applications for Weather Radar at LDR mode SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB We present theoretical and experimental results concerning a polarimetric variable available at LDR mode: the Degree of Polarization. It is demonstrated that it possesses attractive properties in terms of robustness with respect to antenna cross-channel coupling and to propagation due to coherent cross-polarization upon forward scattering. C1 [Galletti, Michele; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Melnikov, Valery M.; Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA NSSL Norman, Norman, OK USA. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), NOAA NSSL Norman, Norman, OK USA. EM michele.galletti@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000008 ER PT S AU Melnikov, V Yeary, M Huck, R Kelley, R AF Melnikov, V. Yeary, M. Huck, R. Kelley, R. GP IEEE TI Potentials of Frequency Agile Ka and W Band Cloud Radars SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID DOPPLER RADAR AB To study the potential for frequency agile techniques of Ka and W band cloud radars, a simple case of two frequency agile radars with two close frequencies is considered. It is shown that power measurements at two wavelengths separated by 10% in frequency can be used to estimate the maximal size of scattering particles. This difference is due to the resonance effects which are considered at Ka and W bands widely used in cloud remote sensing. The Doppler spectra at vertical incidence are analyzed as well. Additionally, power spectral differences in the Doppler spectra measured at close wavelengths can reach several dB. The differences do not depend on the mean wind velocity in the radar volume and allow obtaining particles' size distributions. We also describe a frequency agile Ka band radar with the bandwidth from 30 to 36 GHz. C1 [Melnikov, V.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Yeary, M.; Huck, R.; Kelley, R.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Melnikov, V (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. FU National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK FX Partial support for this work was provided by the National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, OK. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000085 ER PT S AU Qi, Y Kingsmill, D Zhang, J Min, J Howard, K AF Qi, Youcun Kingsmill, David Zhang, Jian Min, Jinzhong Howard, Kenneth GP IEEE TI Correction of Radar QPE Errors Associated with Low and Partially Observed Bright Band Layers SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID PRECIPITATION; RANGE AB The melting of aggregated snow/crystals often results in an enhancement of the reflectivity observed by weather radars, and this is commonly referenced as the bright band (BB). The locally high reflectivity often causes overestimation in radar quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) if no appropriate correction is applied. When the melting layer is high, a complete bright band layer profile including top, peak, and bottom can be observed by the radar and a vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction can be made to reduce the BB impact. When a melting layer is near the ground and the bottom part of the bright band cannot be observed by the radar, a VPR correction can not be made directly from radar observations. This paper presents a new VPR correction method under this situation. From high-resolution precipitation profiler data, an empirical relationship between BB peak and BB bottom is developed. The empirical relationship is combined with the apparent BB peak observed by volume scan radars and the BB bottom is found. Radar QPEs are then corrected based on the estimated BB bottom. The new method is shown to be effective in reducing the radar QPE overestimation under low bright band situations. C1 [Qi, Youcun; Min, Jinzhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Kingsmill, David] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Jian; Howard, Kenneth] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Qi, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. EM Youcun.Qi@noaa.gov; David.Kingsmill@colorado.edu; Youcun.Qi@noaa.gov; minjz@nuist.edu.cn; Kenneth.Howard@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Hydro- Meteorological Testbed (HMT) program; OAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Pengfei Zhang for many discussions that greatly helped this study. Major funding for this research was provided under NOAAs Hydro- Meteorological Testbed (HMT) program and partial funding was provided under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 580 EP 585 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000116 ER PT S AU Zhang, GF Palmer, R Lei, L Doviak, RJ Zrnic, DS Al-Rashid, Y AF Zhang, Guifu Palmer, Robert Lei, Lei Doviak, Richard J. Zrnic, Dusan S. Al-Rashid, Yasser GP IEEE TI Polarimetric Phased Array Radar for Weather Measurement: Issues and Solutions SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB The commonly used planar phased array radar has a number of issues in making polarimetric measurements, including increase of beam width, sensitivity loss and polarization coupling. The Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar (CPPAR) with commutating scan is proposed to avoid these deficiencies. C1 [Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert; Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, SoM ECE ARRC, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] NSSL, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Al-Rashid, Yasser] Lockheed Martin Corp, Moorestown, NJ 08057 USA. RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, SoM ECE ARRC, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM guzhang1@ou.edu FU NOAA/NSSL [NA17RJ1127/NA08OAR4320886, NA08OAR4320904] FX The project is funded by NOAA/NSSL under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1127/NA08OAR4320886 and NA08OAR4320904. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 590 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000118 ER PT S AU Li, YG Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ AF Li, Yinguang Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. GP IEEE TI A New Approach to Detect the Ground Clutter Mixed with Weather Echoes SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB A Spectrum Clutter Identification (SCI) algorithm has been developed to identify ground clutter mixed with weather signals. The performance of SCI algorithm is shown by applying it to radar data collected by OU-PRIME (University of Oklahoma-Polarimetric Radar Innovation in Meteorology and Engineering) and by comparing its performance to other published approaches. C1 [Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Li, YG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yinguangli@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; Dick.Doviak@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NSSL [NA08OAR4320904] FX The authors appreciate helpful discussions with Dr. Qing Cao who also provided the OU-PRIME data used in the paper. This work was partially supported by NOAA/NSSL under the cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320904. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 622 EP 626 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000125 ER PT S AU Lei, L Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ AF Lei, Lei Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Design and Simulations for a Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Weather Radar SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL AB Array simulation for the cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar (CPPAR) is presented. Array lattices and element separations are examined using simulation to determine the optimal configuration that has the desired sidelobe level and cross-polarization isolation needed for quality precipitation measurements. The simulation results are verified by the linear and ring array theory. Different lattice, such as rectangular and triangular lattice, and their corresponding performances are compared, yielding the minimum number of array elements. Error effects caused by mechanical positioning, phase shifter, and elements failures, are also examined. Tolerable error limits are provided for system design. C1 [Lei, Lei] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Lei, L (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM leilei@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; dick.doviak@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NSSL [NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886]; NSF [ATM-0608168]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320904] FX This work is supported with funding provided by NOAA/NSSL under cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1227/NA080AR4320886 and a NSF grant ATM-0608168. The authors appreciate helpful discussions with Dr. Jerry Crain and Dr. Michele Galletti. . The work is supported by NOAA grant # NA08OAR4320904. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000135 ER PT S AU Yeary, M Crain, G Zahrai, A Kelley, R Meier, J Zhang, Y Ivic, I Curtis, C Palmer, R Yu, TY Doviak, R AF Yeary, M. Crain, G. Zahrai, A. Kelley, R. Meier, J. Zhang, Y. Ivic, I. Curtis, C. Palmer, R. Yu, T. -Y. Doviak, R. GP IEEE TI An Update on the Multi-Channel Phased Array Weather Radar at the National Weather Radar Testbed SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID SPACED-ANTENNA INTERFEROMETRY AB The first phased array radar dedicated to weather observation and analysis is now instrumented with eight, simultaneous digital receivers. The multi-channel receiver will collect signals from the sum, azimuth-difference, elevation-difference, and five broad-beamed auxiliary channels. The multi-channel receiver will allow the direct implementation of interferometry techniques to estimate crossbeam wind, shear and turbulence within a radar resolution volume. Access to the auxiliary channels will enable clutter mitigation and advanced array processing for high data quality with short dwell times. Potential benefits of high quality and high resolution data together with angular shear and turbulence include better understanding of storm dynamics and convective initiation, as well as better detection of small-scale phenomena including tornado and microbursts, ultimately leading to increased lead time for warnings, and improved weather prediction. This paper will describe the system concept, system installation and early results from fielded weather data returns. C1 [Yeary, M.; Crain, G.; Kelley, R.; Meier, J.; Zhang, Y.; Palmer, R.; Yu, T. -Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zahrai, A.; Meier, J.; Ivic, I.; Curtis, C.; Doviak, R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. FU National Science Foundation's Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program [ATM-072313] FX Partial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation's Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program under grant ATM-072313 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 971 EP 973 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000193 ER PT S AU Wen, YX Hong, Y Zhang, GF Chen, S Zhang, J Gourley, JJ AF Wen, Yixin Hong, Yang Zhang, Guifu Chen, Sheng Zhang, Jian Gourley, Jonathan J. GP IEEE TI Incorporating NASA space-borne precipitation research products into National Mosaic QPE operational system for improved precipitation measurements SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID RADAR DATA; VERTICAL PROFILES; UNITED-STATES; BRIGHT BAND; REFLECTIVITY; RANGE; IDENTIFICATION; ERROR AB Currently the NSSL/OU National Mosaic Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (NMQ) system incorporates data from all WSR-88D radars and automated rain gauge networks in the conterminous US. These automated rainfall estimates are transferred to forecasters in real time for product evaluation and eventual utilization in creating their operational precipitation products. Despite these recent advances, reliable ground-based precipitation measurements are difficult to obtain over all regions of the world, including many mountainous regions (e.g., Intermountain West of the US), due to the lack of adequate ground radar coverage from intervening terrain blockages. The limitations of rain gauges and weather radar systems and the successor of the more-than-decade-long high-quality space-borne weather radar highlight the attraction of space-based meteorological satellites to obtain seamless regional and global precipitation information from the vantage point of weather forecasting, modeling the hydrological cycle, and climate studies. Also, this study can enable us to continuously incorporate the to-be-upgraded GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) to the future polarimetric NEXRAD-based NMQ system. In this study, we demonstrate the integration of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) products (4-km precipitation quantity, types, and 250-meter vertical profile of reflectivity) into the NMQ ground-based rainfall estimation system to fill in gaps with existing NEXRAD radar coverage. We utilize the high resolution (250m) Vertical Profile of Reflectivity (VPR) provided by TRMM PR to improve the current NMQ VPR correction scheme for surface rainfall estimation in mountainous regions where ground radar has coarse resolution or overshooting. It is shown that the combined information helps to better resolve the vertical structure and leads to more accurate surface rainfall estimates. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang; Zhang, Guifu; Chen, Sheng] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhang, Jian; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wen, YX (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 995 EP 999 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000198 ER PT S AU Ryzhkov, A Schuur, T Melnikov, V Zhang, PF Kumjian, M Zrnic, D AF Ryzhkov, Alexander Schuur, Terry Melnikov, Valery Zhang, Pengfei Kumjian, Matthew Zrnic, Dusan GP IEEE TI Weather applications of dual-polarization radars SO 2011 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) SE IEEE National Radar Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR) CY MAY 23-27, 2011 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Kansas City Sect, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, KURSL ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION AB An overview of meteorological applications of polarimetric radars is presented. Both well proven implications of polarimetric radar measurements which are ready for operational implementation and promising new directions of research are outlined. C1 [Ryzhkov, Alexander; Schuur, Terry; Melnikov, Valery; Zhang, Pengfei; Kumjian, Matthew] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ryzhkov, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Alexander.Ryzhkov@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5659 BN 978-1-4244-8902-2 J9 IEEE NATL RADAR CONF PY 2011 BP 1021 EP 1025 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BWZ74 UT WOS:000295457000203 ER PT S AU Iadicola, MA Hu, L Rollett, AD Foecke, T AF Iadicola, M. A. Hu, L. Rollett, A. D. Foecke, T. BE Chung, K Han, HN Huh, H Barlat, F Lee, MG TI 5754 Aluminum Sheet Deformed Along Bi-Linear Strain Paths SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3D SHEET METAL FORMING PROCESSES (NUMISHEET 2011), PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes (NUMISHEET) CY AUG 21-26, 2011 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Technol Plast, Seoul Natl Univ, POSCO, Hyundai Steel, TATA Steel, GM Korea, AutoForm Engn BmbH, Quantech ATZ, JSOL Corp DE 5754 Aluminum; bi-linear straining; crystal plasticity; strain path change; texture ID METAL; DEFORMATION; AA5754 AB Sheet specimens of aluminum alloy 5754 were deformed along a series of bi-linear, equal-biaxial and uniaxial, strain paths while simultaneously measuring stress-strain behavior. Using the measured crystallographic texture before and after deformation, the VPSC model that incorporates texture evolution was used to simulate the flow stress and hardening behavior. Including latent hardening of multiple slip planes allowed the model to explain the decrease in flow stress when changing from equal-biaxial to uniaxial deformation. However, the model did not capture the details of the drop in flow stress nor the magnitude of the plastic hardening after the change in deformation mode. This is likely due to room temperature recovery between the two steps of testing. C1 [Iadicola, M. A.; Foecke, T.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, L.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0949-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1383 BP 299 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3623624 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BXF38 UT WOS:000295945000036 ER PT S AU Iadicola, MA AF Iadicola, Mark A. BE Chung, K Han, HN Huh, H Barlat, F Lee, MG TI Validation of Uniaxial Data Beyond Uniform Elongation SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3D SHEET METAL FORMING PROCESSES (NUMISHEET 2011), PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference and Workshop on Numberical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes (NUMISHEET 2011) CY AUG 21-26, 2011 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Technol Plast, Seoul Natl Univ, POSCO, Hyundai Steel, TATA Steel, GM Korea, AutoForm Engn BmbH, Quantech ATZ, JSOL Corp DE X-ray diffraction; Digital Image Correlation; Mechanical Testing; Mechanical Properties; Plasticity AB Uniaxial testing is one of the simplest methods used to determining mechanical properties for sheet metals, but the classic test does not determine properties to sufficiently high strain levels for use in models of very large deformations such as forming operations. This limitation is primarily due to the classical test requiring uniform deformation in the gage length. Full-field optical techniques are now being used to extend the applicable strain range of uniaxial testing to strains beyond uniform elongation and well into diffuse necking, but assumptions must be made as to the multi-axial state of stress in this regime. In order to determine if such assumptions are correct, uniaxial experiments are performed combined with a unique combination of digital image correlation to measure plastic strains and stress tensor measurement through X-ray diffraction methods. The combination of metrology permits determination of the true stress-strain response to strains four times uniform elongation and the associated multi-axial stresses at the highest strain levels. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0949-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1383 BP 742 EP 749 DI 10.1063/1.3623680 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BXF38 UT WOS:000295945000092 ER PT J AU Lee, YTT Riddick, FH Johansson, BJI AF Lee, Yung-Tsun Tina Riddick, Frank H. Johansson, Bjorn Johan Ingemar TI Core Manufacturing Simulation Data - a manufacturing simulation integration standard: overview and case studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE CMSD; information model; interoperability; manufacturing; simulation; standard AB Standard representations for information entities common to manufacturing simulation could help reduce the costs associated with simulation model construction and data exchange between simulation and other manufacturing applications. This would make simulation technology more affordable and accessible to a wide range of potential industrial users. To foster the more widespread use of manufacturing simulation technology through the reduction of data interoperability issues, the Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) specification was created. CMSD is a standardised, computer-interpretable representation that allows for the efficient exchange of manufacturing shop floor-related data in a manner that it can be used in the creation and execution of manufacturing simulations. The work has being standardised under the auspices of the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO). CMSD defines an information model that describes the characteristics of and relationships between the core manufacturing entities that define shop floor operations. This enables greater integration and data exchange possibilities for manufacturing simulations and other manufacturing applications. This article presents an overview of CMSD, its motivation, structure, and content. Descriptions of case studies using CMSD to integrate real world manufacturing applications are also presented. C1 [Lee, Yung-Tsun Tina; Riddick, Frank H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johansson, Bjorn Johan Ingemar] Chalmers, Prod & Prod Dept, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Lee, YTT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leet@nist.gov RI Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009 OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807 FU United States Government FX A number of software products are identified in the context of this article. This does not imply a recommendation or endorsement of the software products by the authors or the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that such software products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The work described was funded by the United States Government and is not subject to copyright. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 8 BP 689 EP 709 DI 10.1080/0951192X.2011.574154 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 838FI UT WOS:000296271800001 ER PT S AU Raman, B Hertz, J Benkstein, K Semancik, S AF Raman, Baranidharan Hertz, Joshua Benkstein, Kurt Semancik, Steve BE Gouma, P TI Odor Recognition vs. Classification in Artificial Olfaction SO OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose CY MAY 02-05, 2011 CL Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY SP SUNY Stoney Brook, Engn Conf Int (ECI), Alpha MOS, Int Soc Olfact & Chem Sensors, Amer Ceramic Soc, Infratec, Synkera HO Rockefeller Univ DE Chemical sensor array; pattern recognition; bio-inspired processing; sensor drift AB Most studies in chemical sensing have focused on the problem of precise identification of chemical species that were exposed during the training phase (the recognition problem). However, generalization of training to predict the chemical composition of untrained gases based on their similarity with analytes in the training set (the classification problem) has received very limited attention. These two analytical tasks pose conflicting constraints on the system. While correct recognition requires detection of molecular features that are unique to an analyte, generalization to untrained chemicals requires detection of features that are common across a desired class of analytes. A simple solution that addresses both issues simultaneously can be obtained from biological olfaction, where the odor class and identity information are decoupled and extracted individually over time. Mimicking this approach, we proposed a hierarchical scheme that allowed initial discrimination between broad chemical classes (e.g. contains oxygen) followed by finer refinements using additional data into sub-classes (e.g. ketones vs. alcohols) and, eventually, specific compositions (e.g. ethanol vs. methanol) [1]. We validated this approach using an array of temperature-controlled chemiresistors. We demonstrated that a small set of training analytes is sufficient to allow generalization to novel chemicals and that the scheme provides robust categorization despite aging. Here, we provide further characterization of this approach. C1 [Raman, Baranidharan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hertz, Joshua] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Benkstein, Kurt; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Raman, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM barani@wustl.edu RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012 OI Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141 FU Department of Biomedical Engineering in Washington University FX BR acknowledges generous start-up funds from the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Washington University that supported this work. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0920-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1362 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3626309 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BXE77 UT WOS:000295913500024 ER PT S AU Raman, B Meier, D Shenoy, R Benkstein, K Semancik, S AF Raman, Barani Meier, Douglas Shenoy, Rupa Benkstein, Kurt Semancik, Steve BE Gouma, P TI Invited: Advances Toward Practical Detection of Trace Chemical Hazards with Solid State Microarray Devices SO OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose CY MAY 02-05, 2011 CL Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY SP SUNY Stoney Brook, Engn Conf Int (ECI), Alpha MOS, Int Soc Olfact & Chem Sensors, Amer Ceramic Soc, Infratec, Synkera HO Rockefeller Univ DE chemiresistive; microsensor; oxide; temperature program; toxic industrial chemical AB We describe progress on an array-based microsensor approach employed for detecting trace levels of toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) in air-based backgrounds with varied levels of humidity, and with occasional introduction of aggressive interferents. Our MEMS microhotplate arrays are populated with multiple chemiresistive sensing materials, and all elements are programmed to go through extensive temperature cycling over repetitive cycles with lengths of approximately 20s. Under such operation, analytically-rich data streams are produced containing the required information for target recognition. C1 [Raman, Barani] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Meier, Douglas; Shenoy, Rupa; Benkstein, Kurt; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Raman, B (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. FU National Research Council Associateship Award; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health FX The authors acknowledge technical assistance with preparation of the device platforms from Chip Montgomery and Mike Carrier. This research was primarily performed while B.R. held a National Research Council Associateship Award for research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Institutes of Health, and the financial support of that program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0920-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1362 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3626327 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BXE77 UT WOS:000295913500042 ER PT J AU Blogoslawski, WJ Stewart, ME AF Blogoslawski, Walter J. Stewart, Mary E. TI Some Ozone Applications in Seafood SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Mariculture; Seafood Preservation; Shrimp; Salmon; Squid; Vibrio ID VIBRIOSIS; LARVAE AB The use of ozonized seawater to reduce and eliminate bacterial pathogens in mariculture facilities and to extend shelf life of marine food products is demonstrated. Consequent benefits of this treatment are also discussed. Laboratory and pilot experiments were conducted using ozone gas to reduce disease-producing Vibrio sp. bacteria at a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannameii) hatchery in Ecuador, South America. Pacific Ocean seawater was treated in a 1,540 L capacity fiberglass contact tower (5-7 min retention) with an ozone oxidant residual of 0.07 mg/L. Prior to ozone treatment, Vibrio determined by TCBS plating was too numerous to count, causing shrimp to die of disease (30 tanks of 13,000 L each). After treatment, Vibrio counts and shrimp disease were eliminated, ozonized seawater decreased the time required for normal molting of shrimp and the total growth cycle was reduced by three days versus control water. From June 1991 until September 1992, survival rates of larval shrimp were robust, routine antibiotic addition was reduced, and one additional growth cycle was realized. Ozonized ice (fresh water) was prepared in the Milford Laboratory CT, USA; Gloucester Food Tech Lab, MA, USA; and a field station (brine water) for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Homer, AK. USA. In these studies, squid (Loligo pealei) and commercially captured salmon demonstrated a reduction in spoilage and extension of shelf life of 3 to 5 days' time using ozonized ice. Bacteria associated with commercial ice-producing machines were reduced by 4 logs using ozone treatment. In addition, no flavor aberration was noted using ozonized ice. C1 [Blogoslawski, Walter J.] NOAA, USDOC, NEFSC, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Stewart, Mary E.] Ikonisys Inc, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Blogoslawski, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, USDOC, NEFSC, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM walter.blogoslawski@noaa.gov FU North Carolina Sea Grant FX It has been interesting and gratifying to see the experimental work adapted to commercial scale. Many different applications for ozone in food disinfection and preservation are currently employed (Steffen and Rice, 2010; Rice and Wrenn, 2010; North Carolina Sea Grant, 2002). In a time when safe protein resources are vitally needed for our world, the utility of ozone to assist in the provision of these resources is of great benefit. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1080/01919512.2011.602006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835GA UT WOS:000296022600003 ER PT J AU Weigandt, KM Porcar, L Pozzo, DC AF Weigandt, Katie M. Porcar, Lionel Pozzo, Danilo C. TI In situ neutron scattering study of structural transitions in fibrin networks under shear deformation SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ELASTICITY; BIOPOLYMER NETWORKS; FIBERS; STRAIN; CLOT; GELS; MECHANICS; STRESS AB Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to decipher the origin of the strain hardening in biopolymer networks by directly measuring the structural response of a fibrin gel to simple shear deformation. A special Couette shear cell is used to systematically probe the structural properties of a fibrin clot over strain values in the range of gamma = 1-170%. The SANS results indicate that the strain hardening response of coarse fibrin gels occurs in two distinct regions having different structural and mechanical signatures that are separated by an intermediate strain softening regime. At low strains (gamma < 10%) there is a measurable increase in the shear modulus upon the application of shear strain but there are no significant changes to the clot structure. At higher strain values (gamma > 30%), a second strain-hardening regime is directly correlated to significant fiber alignment. The mean diameter of the fibers determined directly from two-dimensional fits to the anisotropic scattering data is found to decrease monotonically in the high-strain regime. The results suggest that the non-linear mechanical properties of fibrin clots are the result of a reduction of lateral entropic fluctuations at low strains and a transition between bending and stretching at higher strain values. C1 [Weigandt, Katie M.; Pozzo, Danilo C.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Porcar, Lionel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pozzo, DC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dpozzo@u.washington.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; NSF [DMR-0520547]; University of Washington FX We appreciate the efforts of the DANSE team, and in particular Jae Hi Cho, for their implementation and fine tuning of the 2D fitting algorithms in SansView. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Award DMR-0520547. We also acknowledge the financial support of the University of Washington Royalty Research Fund. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 21 BP 9992 EP 10000 DI 10.1039/c1sm06176c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 835HH UT WOS:000296026700027 ER PT J AU Wilson, WD Siegel, E AF Wilson, William Douglas Siegel, Eric GP IEEE TI Current and Wave Measurements in Support of the Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) AB The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoys System (CBIBS, www.buoybay.org) is - at present - a 9-buoy system of observational buoy platforms located around the Chesapeake Bay, operated bythe NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office. The buoys themselves are AXYS Watchkeeper buoys based on the Tideland Signal SB 138 P hull, moored with all chain rode with a 2.5:1 scope. All of the buoys have downward looking NORTEK AquaDopp 1 mHz profilers mounted in the hulls; six of the buoys are equipped with AXYS TriAXYS OEM wave measurement modules. To evaluate the performance of these buoy mounted sensors, concurrent wave and current profile data were collected at one site (34 days of data at the SN 'Six Foot Knoll' buoy, 21 foot depth) using an adjacent bottom-mounted 1 mHz NORTEK Acoustic Wave and Current (AWAC) instrument. Using one Hz overlapping single ping current profile data, the following conclusions were reached: Ten minute averages calculated and transmitted by the AXYS Watchman controller accurately represent internally recorded current profiler data (however the comparison revealed a correctable Watchman firmware error); Over four 1-meter bins, absolute differences in magnitude among 10 minute means of AquaDopp and AWAC currents are less than 0.005 meters/second, with standard deviations of 0.02 - 0.03 meters/second; Absolute differences in direction over the same bins were 7-10 degrees. By only including velocities in excess of 0.1 meters/second, direction errors were reduced by nearly one half; AWAC and buoy currents were subjected to harmonic tidal analysis at each level. Differences in the orientation of the major axis of the tidal ellipses were 0.3 to 1.6 degrees; Current measurement accuracy was not affected by sea state / buoy motion, at least up to the 1.5 meter waves heights experienced during this comparison; An analysis of the 'errors' (assuming AWAC data as the standard) shows that accuracy does not improve after 120 pings (2 minutes) of averaging. In a power-limited environment such as a buoy, this is a significant result. Typical Chesapeake Bay wind waves - one to three feet height, two to three second period - are difficult to measure with a 1300-pound 1.75 meter diameter buoy. But accurately distinguishing between 1 and 2 foot waves is important to many of the small craft boaters using the CBIBS system. In comparing the TriAXYS (20 minute sample) and AWAC (2 Hz, 2048 samples) wave measurements, we found that for simple wave parameters of interest to us - maximum wave height and mean direction - the instruments were in good agreement. A linear fit to maximum wave heights had a slope / intercept of 1.05 / .02 (meters). Similarly, comparison of mean wave direction from both instruments agreed well, with slope/intercept of 1.01 / -5.1 (degrees). C1 [Wilson, William Douglas] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 78418 USA. [Siegel, Eric] NORTEK USA, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Wilson, WD (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOAA Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 78418 USA. EM doug.wilson@noaa.gov; eric@nortekusa.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600016 ER PT J AU Haines, S Crout, R Bosch, J Burnett, W Fredericks, J Symonds, D Thomas, J AF Haines, Sara Crout, Richard Bosch, Julie Burnett, William Fredericks, Janet Symonds, Darryl Thomas, Julie GP IEEE TI A Summary of Quality Control Tests for Waves and in situ Currents and their Effectiveness SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) DE quality; control; ocean; currents; waves; acoustic doppler AB This paper summarizes the quality control (QC) tests used to verify ocean wave and in situ current data collected and shared by ocean observing systems, federal data centers and oceanographic research institutions. The categories in common for both waves and currents are defined as: (1) sensor health, (2) signal quality, and (3) parameter quality. The main differences being that while wave measurements require an additional category of spectral quality tests, the in situ current measurements from ADCPs require overall profile quality tests. Implementing QC tests and measuring their effectiveness has identified the need for multi-parameter quality control algorithms. While the threshold of a given parameter can vary due to the environment, it can be tuned. The Quality Assurance of Real-Time Ocean Data (QARTOD) workshops and subsequent work has directly led to the results presented in this paper. C1 [Haines, Sara] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Crout, Richard; Bosch, Julie; Burnett, William] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Fredericks, Janet] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Symonds, Darryl] Teledyne RD Instruments, Poway, CA 92064 USA. [Thomas, Julie] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Coastal Data Informat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Haines, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600017 ER PT J AU Fredericks, JJ Terray, E Symonds, D Bosch, J Voulgaris, G Cook, T AF Fredericks, Janet J. Terray, Eugene Symonds, Darryl Bosch, Julie Voulgaris, George Cook, Tony GP IEEE TI Enabling Quality Assessment through Web Services Encoding Waves Sensor and Processing History in Sensor Web Enablement Frameworks SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) DE component; data quality; QA; QC; ocean waves; interoperability; web services; OGC (R); SWE; SensorML AB Emerging technologies in web-based services have enabled the integration of global, interdisciplinary earth observations. These capabilities can provide an unprecedented opportunity to promote the establishment and adoption of standards for the delivery of information about sensor systems which can enable data quality assessment by disparate users. Machine-to-machine harvesting of data can either become a barrier to content (i.e., easy to get data but hard to determine lineage and provenance) or it can promote communication of critical metadata (i.e., easy to get data with fully described sensor and processing systems). In this contribution, we describe how Open-Geospatial Consortium (OGC) frameworks can enable web services with fully-described sensor systems, including processing lineage. Also presented here is an OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) demonstration project describing the processing and sensor system used to measure real-time in situ currents and wave parameters. C1 [Fredericks, Janet J.; Terray, Eugene] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Symonds, Darryl] Teledyne RD Instruments Poway,, Poway, CA USA. [Bosch, Julie] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Voulgaris, George] Univ South Carolina, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Columbia, SC USA. [Cook, Tony] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Fredericks, JJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jfredericks@whoi.edu; eterray@whoi.edu; dsymonds@teledyne.com; Julie.Bosch@noaa.gov; gvoulgaris@geol.sc.edu; tony@nsttc.uah.edu FU NOAA award [NA17RJ1223] FX This work was supported from the NOAA award NA17RJ1223. The authors are also grateful for the work of the MMI team towards the development of tools and services and for the community that they have built to share and inspire marine data providers to work towards best practices in interoperability. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600018 ER PT J AU Siegel, E Riley, R Grissom, K AF Siegel, Eric Riley, Rodney Grissom, Karen GP IEEE TI Performance of the Nortek Aquadopp Z-Cell Profiler on a NOAA Surface Buoy SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) AB Observations of current velocity in near-surface and near-bottom boundary layers are critically important for many scientific, operational, and engineering applications. Nortek developed the Aquadopp Z-Cell Profiler, a dual-frequency, six-beam acoustic Doppler current profiler, to meet the needs of observing the complete water column velocity profile, including the near-surface or near-bottom currents. The Aquadopp Z-Cell Profiler employs three acoustic beams directed horizontally and spaced equally around the circumference of the profiler with 120 deg spacing between the beams. These beams measure the two-component horizontal currents at the level of the instrument (cell zero), thereby eliminating the common blanking distance associated with standard ADCP's. Near-surface and water column current velocity profile observations from a Z-Cell Profiler mounted on a NOAA NDBC 3 m discus buoy (located in the northern Gulf of Mexico) are compared with current velocity profile measurements from a bottom mounted 600 kHz Nortek AWAC and 600 kHz Teledyne RD Instruments Workhorse acoustic Doppler current profiler. A tidal analysis suggests that velocity data from the horizontal beams (cell zero) are of good quality and consistent in direction and magnitude with the velocity measurements in cells below, with the AWAC and Workhorse velocity, and with theory. Several cases are presented that indicate the measurements in cell zero are important to make independent of velocity lower in the water column in order to correctly characterize the flow regime. Current speed and direction differences between cell zero and lower cells project a horizontal spatial separation of water parcels as much as 20 km/day, with a mean separation of 8.5 km/day. C1 [Siegel, Eric] NortekUSA, Annapolis, MD USA. [Riley, Rodney; Grissom, Karen] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Siegel, E (reprint author), NortekUSA, Annapolis, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600033 ER PT J AU Stamates, SJ AF Stamates, S. Jack GP IEEE TI Using Acoustic Modeling to Develop a Hybrid H-ADCP Configuration SO 2011 IEEE/OES/CWTM TENTH WORKING CONFERENCE ON CURRENT, WAVES AND TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT (CWTM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES/CWTM 10th Working Conference on Current, Waves and Turbulence Measurement (CWTM) CY MAR 20-23, 2011 CL Monterey, CA SP Inst Elect Elect Engn (IEEE), IEEE Ocean Engn Soc (OES), Current, Waves & Turbulence Measurement Comm (CWTMC) DE Acoustic Doppler; Ray trace AB The Port Everglades Shipping Channel (PESC) in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida is thought to be a pathway by which anthropogenic nutrients and pathogens reach the coastal ocean from inland waters. To quantify this, a flow measurement system was installed in the PESC. In planning this measurement system, conventional vertical and horizontal ADCP configurations were considered but found to be unsuitable for differing reasons. This motivated the development of a hybrid deployment configuration. A Teledyne-RDI 300 kHz H-ADCP was deployed near the surface with an 8.5 degree downward tilt so that measurement cells nearest to the instrument would record data from the upper water column while cells further from the instrument would record data from deeper depths. The PESC is often times vertically stratified and it was realized that this stratification could affect the data received from a system deployed in this manner. To estimate these effects, sound speed profiles taken in the PESC were used as input to an acoustic propagation model. This model simulated the acoustic paths from the instrument deployed at different angles. Analysis of these simulations enabled the selection of the optimal angle for deployment that allowed for the maximum profiling range while minimizing the effects of stratification on the acoustic path. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Stamates, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4577-0022-4 PY 2011 BP 273 EP 276 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BXB44 UT WOS:000295584600041 ER PT S AU Churnside, JH Hanan, DA Hanan, ZD Marchbanks, RD AF Churnside, James H. Hanan, Doyle A. Hanan, Zachary D. Marchbanks, Richard D. BE Singh, UN TI Lidar as a tool for fisheries management SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XII CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lidar; fisheries; ocean remote sensing; sardine ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; PACIFIC SARDINE; ANCHOVY AB This paper describes the results of a series of airborne observations of sardine schools off the coast of California in the fall of 2010. The lidar system used a linearly-polarized transmitter and a single receiver that was sensitive to the backscattered light in the orthogonal polarization. The aircraft was also equipped with a camera to photograph schools. The camera had a broader swath than the lidar, so was able to see more of the schools at the surface. However, the lidar detected schools much deeper in the water, was not hampered by waves and sun glare, and could survey at night. The combination of lidar and photographs proved to be a very powerful survey tool for sardines, since the latter was able to identify surface targets that appear very similar to fish schools in the lidar return. Examples of these include floating mats of kelp and ship wakes. C1 [Churnside, James H.; Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-769-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8159 AR 81590J DI 10.1117/12.892560 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BXD02 UT WOS:000295778100013 ER PT S AU Douglass, KO Maxwell, SE Plusquellic, DF Hodges, JT van Zee, RD Samarov, DV Whetstone, JR AF Douglass, Kevin O. Maxwell, Stephen E. Plusquellic, David F. Hodges, Joseph T. van Zee, Roger D. Samarov, Daniel V. Whetstone, James R. BE Singh, UN TI Construction of a High Power OPO Laser system for Differential Absorption LIDAR SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XII CY AUG 21-22, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE DIAL; LIDAR; greenhouse gas; laser; optical parametric oscillator; remote sensing ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; GOOD BEAM QUALITY; DESIGN; PHASE; CO2 AB Our goal is to develop and characterize optical measurement technology to enable accurate quantification of greenhouse-gas emissions from distributed sources and sinks. We are constructing a differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) system that will be sensitive to the three primary greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Our system uses a high energy optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating from 1585 nm to 1646 nm. Here we describe this OPO system and initial characterization of its output. The OPO uses a Rotated Image Singly-Resonant Twisted RectAngle (RISTRA) design. The commercially available RISTRA cavity is machined from a solid block of aluminum. The compact single piece cavity design requires no mirror adjustments and image rotation provides efficient light conversion efficiency and excellent beam quality. The injection seeded OPO has demonstrated total output energy of 50 mJ/pulse when pumped with 220 mJ/pulse of 1064 nm radiation. The pump laser has a repetition rate variable from 1 Hz to 100 Hz and a temporal pulse width of 4.2 ns. In the current configuration the seed laser is locked to a mode of the cavity. C1 [Douglass, Kevin O.; Maxwell, Stephen E.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Douglass, KO (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-769-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8159 AR 81590D DI 10.1117/12.894089 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BXD02 UT WOS:000295778100010 ER PT J AU Manderson, J Palamara, L Kohut, J Oliver, MJ AF Manderson, John Palamara, Laura Kohut, Josh Oliver, Matthew J. TI Ocean observatory data are useful for regional habitat modeling of species with different vertical habitat preferences SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ocean observing; Pelagic habitat; Remote sensing; Generalized Additive Modeling ID NEW-YORK-BIGHT; ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL-SHELF; LONGFIN INSHORE SQUID; CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; GEORGES BANK; INTEGRATED OBSERVATION; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; SUMMER FLOUNDER AB Ocean Observing Systems (OOS) now provide comprehensive descriptions of the physical forcing, circulation, primary productivity and water column properties that subsidize and structure habitats in the coastal ocean. We used generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate the power of OOS remotely sensed ocean data along with in situ hydrographic and bottom data to explain distributions of 4 species important in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, USA, ecosystem that have different vertical habitat preferences. Our GAMs explained more abundance variation for pelagic species (longfin inshore squid and butterfish) than demersal species (spiny dogfish and summer flounder). Surface fronts and circulation patterns measured with OOS remote sensing as well as the rugosity and depth of the bottom were important for all species. In situ measurements of water column stability and structure were more useful for modeling pelagic species. Regardless of vertical habitat preference, the species were associated with vertical and horizontal current flows, and/or surface fronts, indicating that pelagic processes affecting movement costs, prey production and aggregation influenced distributions. Habitat-specific trends in abundance of 3 of the 4 species were well described by our OOS-informed GAMs based upon cross validation tests. Our analyses demonstrate that OOS are operationally useful for regional scale habitat modeling. Regional scale OOS-informed statistical habitat models could serve as bases for tactical ecosystem management and for the development of more sophisticated spatially explicit mechanistic models that couple ontogenic habitats and life history processes to simulate recruitment of organisms important to maintaining the resilience of coastal ecosystems. C1 [Manderson, John] NOAA, Ecosyst Proc Div, NEFSC, NMFS, James J Howard Marine Hi, NJ 07732 USA. [Palamara, Laura; Kohut, Josh] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Oliver, Matthew J.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. RP Manderson, J (reprint author), NOAA, Ecosyst Proc Div, NEFSC, NMFS, James J Howard Marine Hi, NJ 07732 USA. EM john.manderson@noaa.gov FU NOAA [NA08NMF450626]; NASA [NNG06GH75G1/3, NNH07ZDA001N]; NOAA IOOS Office [NA01NOS4730014, NA07NOS 4730221, NA10OAR4170084] FX We thank S. Lucey, M. Taylor and J. Goff for generously providing us with the data used in our analysis, and S. Gray for his contributions to stimulating discussions about the role of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) in fisheries science and management. B. Phelan also provided much needed support. We thank A. Stoner and 3 anonymous reviewers whose comments helped us to improve the manuscript. The NOAA Fisheries and the Environment Program (NA08NMF450626) provided primary support for this research. The authors also thank the following agencies for additional support during this project: NASA Biodiversity NNG06GH75G1/3, NASA New Investigator Program NNH07ZDA001N, NOAA IOOS Office (MARACOOS Grant NA01NOS4730014 and NA07NOS 4730221) and Delaware Sea Grant (NA10OAR4170084). NR 89 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 438 BP 1 EP U23 DI 10.3354/meps09308 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 829WK UT WOS:000295616000001 ER PT J AU Enochs, IC Toth, LT Brandtneris, VW Afflerbach, JC Manzello, DP AF Enochs, Ian C. Toth, Lauren T. Brandtneris, Viktor W. Afflerbach, Jamie C. Manzello, Derek P. TI Environmental determinants of motile cryptofauna on an eastern Pacific coral reef SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Coelobite; Framework; Biodiversity; Porosity; Flow; Coral cover ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CROSS-SHELF PATTERNS; SUDANESE RED-SEA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; DWELLING CRUSTACEA; FISH COMMUNITIES; ARTIFICIAL REEF; CENTRAL REGION; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Coral reef cryptofauna, which live hidden within reef framework structures, are considered to be the most diverse group of coral reef metazoans. They likely comprise more biomass than all surface fauna, providing food sources for fishes and playing important roles as predators, herbivores, detritivores, filter feeders, and scavengers. In an era of global change, it is necessary to determine how these communities are structured across reef habitats as well as to understand how reef framework degradation will impact the cryptofauna and, by extension, ecosystem function. Artificial reef framework units were constructed from coral rubble to approximate framework substrates. Forty replicates were subjected to treatments of differing porosity, flow, and coral cover in a fully crossed ANOVA design. After 2 mo in situ, all motile cryptofauna (>2 mm) were counted, weighed, and identified to the lowest possible level. A total of 11 309 specimens were collected, comprising >121 species from 6 separate phyla. Cryptofaunal abundances and biomass were higher in low-porosity crypts and biomass was greater in slow-flow environments, highlighting the importance of sheltered low-porosity habitats, such as back-reef rubble plains. The presence of live coral was not found to have a significant effect on the motile cryptofauna occupying the dead coral framework below it, suggesting a high degree of resilience in how framework-dwelling fauna respond to coral mortality. These data support the assertion that artificial reefs are capable of facilitating the accumulation of a diverse cryptic community, independent of live coral, provided they contain suitably porous crypts. C1 [Enochs, Ian C.; Manzello, Derek P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, Ian C.; Manzello, Derek P.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Toth, Lauren T.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Enochs, IC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ian.enochs@noaa.gov RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU Lerner-Gray Fund; American Museum of Natural History; National Science Foundation [OCE-0526361] FX Support was provided by the Lerner-Gray Fund and the American Museum of Natural History, National Science Foundation grant to Peter W. Glynn, No. OCE-0526361. A. Bakun, P. Glynn, C. Langdon, D. Lirman, and B. Riegl provided manuscript advice. A. Anker, A. Baeza, R. Brusca, Y. Camacho Garcia, G. Coan, J. Garcia-Gomez, G. Hendler, R. Lemaitre, H. Lessios, J. Llopiz, G. Paulay, L. Harris, A. Schulze, E. Schwabe, J. Thomas, and P. Valentich-Scott assisted in the identification of specimens. I. Chambers, A. Goodson, A. Gracie, D. Graham, A. Jung, J. Kelly, N. Kraft, L. O'Neill, A. Mallozzi, A. Pflaumer, and S. Thompson helped in the sorting and processing of specimens. We are very grateful for the advice of Peter W. Glynn, whose knowledge guided every stage of this research project. NR 123 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 438 BP 105 EP U127 DI 10.3354/meps09259 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 829WK UT WOS:000295616000009 ER PT J AU Zador, S Aydin, K Cope, J AF Zador, Stephani Aydin, Kerim Cope, Jason TI Fine-scale analysis of arrowtooth flounder Atherestes stomias catch rates reveals spatial trends in abundance SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Arrowtooth flounder; Atheresthes stomias; Bering Sea; Fish distribution; Cluster analysis; Predation; Walleye pollock; Climate change ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; RECRUITMENT; ECOSYSTEM; MATURITY AB Multiple lines of evidence suggest that changes in the marine climate in the eastern Bering Sea are leading to numerical and distributional shifts in fish populations that may affect the balance of predator-prey relationships. A rapidly increasing arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias population has prompted concern about the growing threat of arrowtooth flounder predation on economically valuable walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma. The goal of this study was to investigate the overall increasing trend of arrowtooth flounder at a finer spatial resolution to better understand the potential spatial variability in their predatory impact under a changing climate. The specific objectives were to determine whether arrowtooth flounder were increasing equally throughout the eastern Bering Sea and, if not, (1) identify areas with dissimilar abundance trends and (2) explore physical and biological habitat characteristics that may be contributing to these differences. Clustering arrowtooth survey catch per unit effort revealed 4 distinct spatial groups showing stable, increasing, and variable trends. Increasing bottom water temperature and depth were associated with higher proportions of trawls containing arrowtooth and higher catch rates. Age-1 and -2 pollock were the predominant prey in all areas, but higher rates of non-empty stomachs in the northwest region indicated that current predatory impacts on pollock may be higher there. Favorable physical habitat (deep and warm) and diet trends (full stomachs) suggest that arrowtooth flounder in the northwest region of the eastern Bering Sea have the potential to increase further, perhaps to the abundance levels seen in the high-density area where they may have reached carrying capacity. C1 [Zador, Stephani; Aydin, Kerim] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cope, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource & Anal Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Zador, S (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stephani.zador@noaa.gov FU National Research Council FX We thank B. Lauth and G. Lang for providing survey and diet data. G. Hunt, M. Dorn, and A. Punt provided valuable input. G. Hunt, K. Bailey, S. Gaichas, and P. Spencer provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. The comments of 3 anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. This research was performed while S.G.Z. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 438 BP 229 EP 239 DI 10.3354/meps09316 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 829WK UT WOS:000295616000020 ER PT S AU Lo, SZA Heilweil, EJ AF Lo, Shu-Zee A. Heilweil, Edwin J. BE Razeghi, M PereLaperne, N Everitt, HO Zavada, JM Manzur, T TI Pulsed terahertz bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF) measurements of materials and obscurants SO TERAHERTZ EMITTERS, RECEIVERS, AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications II CY AUG 21, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE terahertz imaging; BRDF; concealed threat detection; terahertz reflection and scattering ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; BEAMS AB We report a pulsed method to measure reflection and scattering from several samples with different degrees of surface roughness and material properties at terahertz frequencies. Reflection from a flat gold mirror shows that the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the terahertz beam angular spread is < 4 degrees for frequency range 0.2 THz to 3 THz with signal-to-noise of 65 dB. Measurement of a paper index card, used as a low scattering sample, shows that the reflection/scattering properties are essentially similar to the system signature response except for multiple reflections between the front and back surfaces of the sample. Sixty-grit sandpaper shows multiple scattering events with almost no signal reflected from the flat backing paper surface. Corduroy cloth shows periodic reflections in the time domain, which correspond to diffraction lobes in the spectral domain. C1 [Lo, Shu-Zee A.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lo, SZA (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Shu-Zee.Lo@nist.gov; Edwin.Heilweil@nist.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-729-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8119 AR 811905 DI 10.1117/12.893520 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXB30 UT WOS:000295580400004 ER PT J AU Saikawa, E Kurokawa, J Takigawa, M Borken-Kleefeld, J Mauzerall, DL Horowitz, LW Ohara, T AF Saikawa, E. Kurokawa, J. Takigawa, M. Borken-Kleefeld, J. Mauzerall, D. L. Horowitz, L. W. Ohara, T. TI The impact of China's vehicle emissions on regional air quality in 2000 and 2020: a scenario analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; MICS-ASIA-II; SURFACE OZONE; HUMAN MORTALITY; EAST-ASIA; CLIMATE; AEROSOL; SENSITIVITY; POLLUTION AB The number of vehicles in China has been increasing rapidly. We evaluate the impact of current and possible future vehicle emissions from China on Asian air quality. We modify the Regional Emission Inventory in Asia (REAS) for China's road transport sector in 2000 using updated Chinese data for the number of vehicles, annual mileage, and emission factors. We develop two scenarios for 2020: a scenario where emission factors remain the same as they were in 2000 (No-Policy, NoPol), and a scenario where Euro 3 vehicle emission standards are applied to all vehicles (except motorcycles and rural vehicles). The Euro 3 scenario is an approximation of what may be the case in 2020 as, starting in 2008, all new vehicles in China (except motorcycles) were required to meet the Euro 3 emission standards. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem), we examine the regional air quality response to China's vehicle emissions in 2000 and in 2020 for the NoPol and Euro 3 scenarios. We evaluate the 2000 model results with observations in Japan, China, Korea, and Russia. Under NoPol in 2020, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) from China's vehicles more than double compared to the 2000 baseline. If all vehicles meet the Euro 3 regulations in 2020, however, these emissions are reduced by more than 50% relative to NoPol. The implementation of stringent vehicle emission standards leads to a large, simultaneous reduction of the surface ozone (O-3) mixing ratios and particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. In the Euro 3 scenario, surface O-3 is reduced by more than 10 ppbv and surface PM2.5 is reduced by more than 10 mu g m(-3) relative to NoPol in Northeast China in all seasons. In spring, surface O-3 mixing ratios and PM2.5 concentrations in neighboring countries are also reduced by more than 3 ppbv and 1 mu g m(-3), respectively. We find that effective regulation of China's road transport sector will be of significant benefit for air quality both within China and across East Asia as well. C1 [Saikawa, E.; Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kurokawa, J.; Ohara, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Takigawa, M.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Borken-Kleefeld, J.] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Saikawa, E (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM esaikawa@mit.edu RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Takigawa, Masayuki/M-2095-2014; OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Takigawa, Masayuki/0000-0002-5666-6026; Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) FX We thank the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for computational resources. The NCEP GFS data used for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA) which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in datasetnumber ds083.2 NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 12 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 18 BP 9465 EP 9484 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9465-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826QL UT WOS:000295368700003 ER PT J AU Gadipelli, S Calizo, I Ford, J Cheng, GJ Walker, ARH Yildirim, T AF Gadipelli, Srinivas Calizo, Irene Ford, Jamie Cheng, Guangjun Walker, Angela R. Hight Yildirim, Taner TI A highly practical route for large-area, single layer graphene from liquid carbon sources such as benzene and methanol SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; SURFACES; GROWTH; FOILS; CO AB Through a detailed systematic study, we determined the parameters critical for high-quality, single-layer graphene formation and developed a straightforward synthesis that requires no explosive hydrogen or methane gas flow. The synthesis is further simplified by using only a liquid carbon source such as methanol. Of over a dozen liquid carbon sources studied, methanol is found to be unique in that it acts as both a carbon/hydrogen source and an inhibitor to amorphous carbon growth. No deposition of amorphous carbon was observed, regardless of vapor pressure, unlike methane and other hydrocarbons. Finally, we describe a protocol to control graphene growth to a single side or selected location on the copper substrate, which is required for most device applications. Using our novel methods, we have prepared high-quality, single-layer graphene samples at the inch scale that have been thoroughly characterized with Raman spectroscopy, optical transmittance, scanning electron microscopy and sheet resistance measurements. Our method is safe, simple, and economical and will be of value to both fundamental researchers and nanodevice engineers. C1 [Gadipelli, Srinivas; Ford, Jamie; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gadipelli, Srinivas; Calizo, Irene; Ford, Jamie; Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905 FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; National Research Council FX TY acknowledges partial support from DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. Work by IC was partially supported by the National Research Council. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. We thank Dr Bulent Akgun for many fruitful discussions. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 40 BP 16057 EP 16065 DI 10.1039/c1jm12938d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 829KZ UT WOS:000295580800032 ER PT J AU Hamlington, BD Leben, RR Godin, OA Legeais, JF Gica, E Titov, VV AF Hamlington, B. D. Leben, R. R. Godin, O. A. Legeais, J. F. Gica, E. Titov, V. V. TI Detection of the 2010 Chilean tsunami using satellite altimetry SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID 26 DECEMBER 2004; OPEN-OCEAN; WAVES; MODULATION; EARTHQUAKE; SPEED; MANIFESTATIONS; FEASIBILITY; BACKSCATTER; MODEL AB Tsunamis are difficult to detect and measure in the open ocean because the wave amplitude is much smaller than it is closer to shore. An effective early warning system, however, must be able to observe an impending tsunami threat far away from the shore in order to provide the necessary lead-time for coastal inhabitants to find safety. Given the expansiveness of the ocean, sensors capable of detecting the tsunami must also have very broad areal coverage. The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami was definitively detected in the open ocean from both sea surface height and sea surface roughness measurements provided by satellite altimeters. This tsunami, however, was exceptionally strong and questions remain about the ability to use such measurements for the detection of weaker tsunamis. Here we study the 2010 Chilean tsunami and demonstrate the ability to detect the tsunami in the open ocean. Specifically, we analyze the utility of filtering in extracting the tsunami signal from sea surface height measurements, and, through the use of statistical analyses of satellite altimeter observations, we demonstrate that the 2010 Chilean tsunami induced distinct and detectable changes in sea surface roughness. While satellite altimeters do not provide the temporal and spatial coverage necessary to form the basis of an effective early warning system, tsunami-induced changes in sea surface roughness can be detected using orbiting microwave radars and radiometers, which have a broad surface coverage across the satellite ground track. C1 [Hamlington, B. D.; Leben, R. R.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hamlington, B. D.; Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Legeais, J. F.] Collecte Localisat Satellites, Space Oceanog Div, Toulouse, France. [Gica, E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gica, E.; Titov, V. V.] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. RP Hamlington, BD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hamlingt@colorado.edu RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010; OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU US Navy [N06-T002] FX This work was supported, in part, by the US Navy under STTR contract N06-T002. The authors thank V. G. Irisov for discussions that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 9 BP 2391 EP 2406 DI 10.5194/nhess-11-2391-2011 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 826TS UT WOS:000295378300002 ER PT J AU Guthrie, WS Nolan, CD Bentz, DP AF Guthrie, W. Spencer Nolan, Curtis D. Bentz, Dale P. TI Effect of Initial Timing of Scarification and Overlay Treatment on Chloride Concentrations in Concrete Bridge Decks SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID SILICA FUME; PERFORMANCE; CORROSION; STEEL; MAINTENANCE; CEMENT; LIFE AB Scarification and overlay (SO) procedures are often performed on concrete bridge decks to minimize the corrosion of reinforcing steel caused by chloride ingress. The objectives of this research were to collect information from personnel of state departments of transportation (DOTs) about their SO procedures and to recommend the timing of initial SO procedures on concrete bridge decks to prevent the accumulation of corrosion-inducing levels of chlorides and to extend deck service life. A survey of state DOTs was conducted; numerical modeling of SO treatments was performed for decks both with and without stay-in-place metal forms (SIPMFs). Full-factorial numerical modeling was performed through a service life of 50 years to determine the recommended initial timing of SO treatment in each case. Research results showed that bridge decks without SIPMFs could endure longer delays in SO treatment timing than those with SIPMFs. The allowable delay in SO timing ranged from 2 years to 6 years for decks with SIPMFs, while the allowable delay ranged from 6 years to 18 years for decks without SIPMFs. In addition, results showed that the allowable delay also depended on the original cover depth (OCD). On average, for each additional 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of OCD, the period of additional allowable delay for decks with SIPMFs was 2 years; for decks without SIPMFs, however, the additional allowable delay was 5 years with each additional 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of OCD. C1 [Guthrie, W. Spencer] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Nolan, Curtis D.] Kiewit Engn Co, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. [Bentz, Dale P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guthrie, WS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 368 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM guthrie@byu.edu RI Guthrie, William/A-6233-2013 FU Utah DOT FX The authors express appreciation to the Utah DOT for supporting this project, to Paul Tikalsky of the FHWA High Performance Concrete Technology Implementation Panel for his suggestion of a diffusion coefficient for the modeling of high-performance concrete, and to Sharlan Montgomery of BYU for her assistance in preparing the manuscript. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2220 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.3141/2220-08 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 830NJ UT WOS:000295663400009 ER PT J AU Serrano, X Serafy, J Grosell, M AF Serrano, Xaymara Serafy, Joseph Grosell, Martin TI Osmoregulatory capabilities of the gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus: salinity challenges and field observations SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tolerance; osmoregulation; gray snapper; Lutjanus griseus; acclimation; euryhalinity; Everglades restoration ID FLORIDA BAY; FRESH-WATER; TIME COURSE; LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS; OSMOTIC ADAPTATION; MANGROVE SHORELINE; SEA BASS; FISH; GROWTH; OSMOLALITY AB We investigated the osmoregulatory responses (plasma osmolality and blood hematocrit) displayed by the gray snapper 6-192 h after abrupt changes in ambient salinity. Fish were challenged with six different salinity treatments including a control (0, 5, 30, 50, 60, and 70 ppt) and blood samples were collected at various time points post-transfer. Gray snapper across all size classes tested (13.5-24.5 cm total length) acclimated successfully to hypo- and hyper-saline environments (0-60 ppt) after an adjustment period of similar to 96 h. However, abrupt transfers to 70 ppt resulted in 100% mortality within 48 h. Laboratory results were then compared with field measurements obtained after fish were captured in low salinity (0-4 ppt) or marine (similar to 30 ppt) habitats, suggesting that osmoregulatory processes occurred similarly in both settings. Overall, findings suggest that gray snapper possess similar or higher osmoregulatory capabilities compared to many euryhaline species examined to date, and thus should be considered a euryhaline species. C1 [Serrano, Xaymara; Serafy, Joseph; Grosell, Martin] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Serrano, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xserrano@rsmas.miami.edu RI Serrano, Xaymara/A-4660-2017 OI Serrano, Xaymara/0000-0002-8789-9818 FU NOAA's Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; Cooperative Unit for Fisheries and Education Research; RECOVER (US Army Corps of Engineers and South Florida Water Management District); NSF [IAB 0714024, 0743903] FX This work was conducted under Special Activity License no. 07SR-1015 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission) and UM Institutional Animal Care and Use (IACUC) protocol No. 07-017 (2007-2009). Financial support was provided through a fellowship from NOAA's Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center, the Cooperative Unit for Fisheries and Education Research, RECOVER (US Army Corps of Engineers and South Florida Water Management District) funds awarded to J. Serafy and NSF (IAB 0714024 and 0743903) funds awarded to M. Grosell. We are indebted to the technical support provided in the lab and field by B. Teare, N. Hammerschlag (South Florida Student Shark Program), D. Snodgrass, J. Stieglitz, the Audubon of Florida and members of the Grosell laboratory at the University of Miami. D. Die and J. Lorenz contributed substantial guidance and supplies facilitating this research. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-6244 J9 MAR FRESHW BEHAV PHY JI Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. PY 2011 VL 44 IS 3 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1080/10236244.2011.585745 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 827CE UT WOS:000295402900005 ER PT J AU Uddin, W Gutelius, B Parrish, C AF Uddin, Waheed Gutelius, Bill Parrish, Christopher TI Airborne Laser Survey Specifications and Quality Management Protocols for Airport Obstruction Surveys SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Airport obstruction surveys are conducted to identify obstacles (objects penetrating obstruction identification surfaces that may pose a hazard to air navigation) and to provide critical data for the safety of aircraft and passengers. The current practice of airborne light detection and ranging (LIDA R) technology for airport obstruction surveys is presented. Obstruction survey requirements and current federal standards related to airport airspace analysis and the airport-geographical information system (GIS) program are reviewed. The accuracy of airborne LIDAR surveys and obstruction analysis has been established in previous field studies conducted by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). Commercial obstruction surveys have been conducted on many airports in North America with LIDAR configurations and survey specifications recommended by NGS. In most cases, LIDA R survey data can be collected efficiently during the day as well as at night. LIDAR point cloud and intensity data are used to identify obstacles for the entire survey area through computationally efficient office computer algorithms and complementary use of photogrammetry. In contrast, traditional photogrammetry-only methods are limited to identifying obstacles at discrete locations because of labor-intensive data processing. In addition, LIDAR data can be processed into GIS shape files for seamless integration into an electronic airport layout plan. Multiuse of LIDAR data for both canopy and bare ground enables the generation of accurate digital elevation models, contours for engineering design, and planimetrics for GIS mapping. Mission planning, ground point spacing and density, and other key parameters considered in the latest sample LIDAR survey specifications published as ACRP Research Results Digest 10 are discussed. C1 [Uddin, Waheed] Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. [Gutelius, Bill] Act Imaging Syst, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. [Parrish, Christopher] UNH, NOAA, JHC, CCOM,NGS Remote Sensing Div, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Uddin, W (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, Carrier 203B, University, MS 38677 USA. EM cvuddin@olemiss.edu OI Uddin, Waheed/0000-0002-6733-8853 FU ACRP [03-01] FX The data discussed in this paper were drawn from the final report of ACRP Project 03-01. The project was funded and administered by ACRP, which is part of the Transportation Research Board. The authors acknowledge the contributions of David Ward, Jason Mann, and the ACRP project panel and FAA liaison members. Thanks are also due Asad Uddin for graphics assistance and Catherine Colby Wesley, Katherine Osborne, and several other students at the University of Mississippi. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2214 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.3141/2214-15 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 824MY UT WOS:000295207200015 ER PT S AU Aluri, GS Motayed, A Davydov, AV Oleshko, V Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Rao, MV AF Aluri, Geetha S. Motayed, Abhishek Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. Rao, Mulpuri V. BE VoDinh, T Lieberman, RA Gauglitz, G TI GaN-nanowire/TiO2-nanocluster hybrid sensors for detection of Benzene and related aromatic compounds SO ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING TECHNOLOGIES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Environmental, Chemical, and Biological Sensing Technologies VIII CY APR 25-26, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nanowires; nanoclusters; sensing; benzene ID GAS SENSORS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; CARBON NANOTUBES; PPB LEVELS; SURFACE; NANOWIRES; PHOTOCATALYSIS; SENSITIVITY; SELECTIVITY; OXYGEN AB Nanowire-nanocluster hybrid chemical sensors were realized by functionalizing gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoclusters for selectively sensing Benzene and other related aromatic compounds. Hybrid sensor devices were developed by fabricating two-terminal devices using individual GaN nanowires followed by the deposition of TiO2 nanoclusters using RF magnetron sputtering. The sensor fabrication process employed all standard micro-fabrication techniques. A change of current was observed for these hybrid sensors when exposed to aromatic compounds such as Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, and Chlorobenzene mixed with air. However, these sensors did not show any sensitivity when exposed to Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, Chloroform, Acetone, and 1, 3-Hexadiene. These sensors were capable of sensing the aromatic compounds only under ultraviolet excitation. The sensitivity range for the above mentioned aromatic compounds varied from 1% down to 50 parts per billion (ppb) at room-temperature. By combining the enhanced catalytic properties of the TiO2 nanoclusters with the sensitive transduction capability of the nanowires, an ultra-sensitive and highly selective chemical sensing architecture is demonstrated. We have proposed a mechanism that could qualitatively explain the observed sensing behavior. C1 [Aluri, Geetha S.; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aluri, GS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Aluri, Geetha/D-3959-2012 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-598-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8024 AR 80240M DI 10.1117/12.883970 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWV40 UT WOS:000295053900014 ER PT J AU Brown, E Hughes, G Watanuki, R Johanos, TC Wurth, T AF Brown, Eric Hughes, Guy Watanuki, Randall Johanos, Thea C. Wurth, Tracy TI The Emergence of an Important Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) Pupping Area at Kalaupapa, Moloka'i, in the Main Hawaiian Islands SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; pupping; habitat; Kalaupapa ID NORTHWESTERN; SIZE AB The Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is one of the most endangered marine mammals on earth, with the majority (90%) of the population found in the relatively uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) and the remaining 10% in the heavily developed main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Since 1998, the total population has declined 4%/y to similar to 1,100 animals. Despite this trend, the population in the MHI is increasing, with monk seals pupping at Kalaupapa National Historical Park on the island of Moloka'i. Long-time human residents in Kalaupapa indicated that monk seals rarely used the beaches prior to 1997, and no births had been observed since at least 1941. Since 1997, a total of 53 pups have been born, with births increasing at an average annual rate of 26.6%. Reproductively active females born at Kalaupapa exhibited a 55.6% site fidelity. Spatially, monk seal density was higher on sandy beaches (2.0 monk seals km(-1)) than basalt (0.3 monk seals km(-1)) habitat. Temporally, monk seal density was highest during the late spring and early summer due to the presence of mother-pup pairs. After weaning, monk seals also used adjacent basalt habitat and typically moved away from Kalaupapa at the onset of winter; since 2009, monk seal sightings have increased throughout the year. Explanations for the emergence of the pupping area include suitable habitat characteristics (e. g., protected shallow water habitat, high prey abundance, and low predator/competitor abundance), reduction of human activities (e. g., elimination of cattle in 1985, sparse [3.4 people km(-2)] and declining [90% since 1900] human population, and low public visitation [8,494 people y(-1)]), and a supportive community. Current management actions include habitat-use surveys, population studies, community presentations, and law enforcement patrols. Kalaupapa has become a productive pupping area for monk seals in the MHI, and the establishment of a birthing area provides hope for the survival of this endangered species. C1 [Brown, Eric; Hughes, Guy; Watanuki, Randall] Kalaupapa Natl Hist Pk, Kalaupapa, HI 96742 USA. [Johanos, Thea C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wurth, Tracy] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brown, E (reprint author), Kalaupapa Natl Hist Pk, POB 2222, Kalaupapa, HI 96742 USA. EM Eric_Brown@nps.gov FU NPS [091261]; NMFS FX All tagging work was conducted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act/Endangered Species Protection Permit # 848-1365. The authors wish to thank Kazuki Kageyama, Maria Carnevale, and Kimberly Tice at KALA for their contributions with the field work. Ka'ohulani McGuire provided access to the historical documents at the park and translated the Hawaiian-language newspapers. Brenda Becker, Erin Moreland, David Schofield, and other NMFS staff assisted in the tagging and management efforts. Melissa Netze, Julien Christopher, and other University of Hawai'i-Hilo students documented monk seal behavior and location information. Julie Sigler, Julie Lopez, Diane Pike, Val Bloy, Claire Cappelle, and other volunteers on Moloka'i contributed their time and effort to document monk seals and notify resource personnel with the information. Pauline Chow from the State of Hawai'i, Department of Health, graciously provided the visitor statistics. Finally, the NPS coral reef program and the NPS discretionary fund program (Project Management Information System # 091261) financed this partnership with NMFS. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 319 EP 325 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.319 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400013 ER PT J AU Gilmartin, WG Johanos, TC DeMaster, DP Henderson, JR AF Gilmartin, William G. Johanos, Thea C. DeMaster, Douglas P. Henderson, John R. TI Hawaiian Monk Seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Kure Atoll: Some Life History Effects Following Effort to Enhance Pup Survival SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article C1 [Gilmartin, William G.] Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. [Johanos, Thea C.; Henderson, John R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [DeMaster, Douglas P.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gilmartin, WG (reprint author), Hawaii Wildlife Fund, POB 70, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. EM Bill-Gilmartin@hawaii.rr.com NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.326 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400014 ER PT J AU Gilmartin, WG Sloan, AC Harting, AL Johanos, TC Baker, JD Breese, M Ragen, TJ AF Gilmartin, William G. Sloan, Amy C. Harting, Albert L. Johanos, Thea C. Baker, Jason D. Breese, Marlee Ragen, Timothy J. TI Rehabilitation and Relocation of Young Hawaiian Monk Seals (Monachus schauinslandi) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; female; rehabilitation; captive care; relocation; survival; movement ID SURVIVAL RATES AB Observed high pup and juvenile mortality, as a result of starvation conditions that were prevalent in the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), led to the development of a rehabilitation and reintroduction program for underweight monk seals. During 1984-1995, the program collected 98 young female monk seals whose mortality appeared certain (underweight and in some cases ill) from French Frigate Shoals (FFS) and attempted to nourish and rehabilitate these animals to enable their release as healthy individuals. Six additional young females of normal size were relocated from FFS (5) and Oahu (1) to Kure Atoll where their survival rate was expected to be higher than at their birth islands. The goal of the program was salvaging the reproductive potential of young female monk seals to aid in the recovery of this endangered species. Of the 104 animals collected, 17 died in captivity, 13 were converted to permanent captivity (for health or behavioral reasons), and the remaining 74 were released at Kure Atoll or Midway Islands within 14 mo of collection. Survival during the first year post-release was compromised, compared to native seals (born at the release site) but was similar to survival of natives in the second year. The released monk seals migrated among the three westernmost atolls at a higher rate than native seals. Monk seal monitoring continued through 2005 when 32 animals were known to be alive; they, with their offspring, constituted at least 12 to 14% of the animals in the three western NWHI populations. Captive-care management strategies were developed in a rapid response and varied greatly as did the success. These results are critical to the development of future captive-care initiatives that may be necessary to mitigate the continuing high loss of young monk seals in the NWHI. C1 [Gilmartin, William G.] Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. [Sloan, Amy C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Harting, Albert L.] Harting Biol Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Johanos, Thea C.; Baker, Jason D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Breese, Marlee] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Ragen, Timothy J.] Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Gilmartin, WG (reprint author), Hawaii Wildlife Fund, POB 70, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. EM Bill-Gilmartin@hawaii.rr.com NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 32 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.332 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400015 ER PT J AU Norris, TA Littnan, CL Gulland, FMD AF Norris, Tenaya A. Littnan, Charles L. Gulland, Frances M. D. TI Evaluation of the Captive Care and Post-Release Behavior and Survival of Seven Juvenile Female Hawaiian Monk Seals (Monachus schauinslandi) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE captive care; post-release monitoring; juvenile survival; foraging behavior; Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi ID FERRETS MUSTELA-NIGRIPES; ISLANDS; SIZE; NORTHWESTERN; CONSERVATION; EXPERIENCE; PREDATOR; MAMMALS; RATES AB Extremely poor juvenile survival in the endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is primarily caused by prey limitation and continues to drive the population decrease in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). In 2006-2007, a pilot project was conducted to determine whether temporarily providing nutritional supplementation and protection from predation would enhance the survival of juvenile monk seals. Seven female seals, two of which were rare fraternal twins, were included in the captive care (CC) project. Six weanling seals gained weight commensurate with their duration in captivity, 89 to 297 d, with weight gains of 31 to 143% initial body weight, and were released at Midway Atoll. The seventh seal, a female yearling, died 23 d after being admitted from complications associated with malnutrition and stress. The CC and three control seals were instrumented with satellite-linked GPS dive recorders to monitor post-release behavior and survival as part of an assessment of the project's success. Satellite tags transmitted between 37 and 311 d. Initially, the CC seals foraged closer to shore, used less of the atoll, and dove to shallower depths (< 20 m) and for shorter durations (< 4 min) relative to the controls (> 60 m and > 4 min). Over the course of several weeks, most of the CC and control seals were foraging in a similar fashion. These results demonstrate that following a brief acclimation period, captive-fed monk seals are capable of foraging normally post-release. However, none of the CC seals were alive as 2-y-olds, whereas two of the control seals were alive in 2010 as 4-y-olds. Although post-release survival was poor in the current study, with a more suitable release location, an expanded captive-feeding program could be a useful tool to salvage the reproductive potential of Hawaiian monk seals in the future. C1 [Norris, Tenaya A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Littnan, Charles L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Norris, TA (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM norrist@tmmc.org OI Norris, Tenaya/0000-0003-1682-7881 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 342 EP 353 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.342 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400016 ER PT J AU Schofield, TD Levine, G Gulland, FMD Littnan, CL Colitz, CMH AF Schofield, T. David Levine, Gregg Gulland, Frances M. D. Littnan, Charles L. Colitz, Carmen M. H. TI The First Successful Hand-Rearing of a Neonate Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi) and Post-Release Management Challenges SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article C1 [Schofield, T. David; Levine, Gregg] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Littnan, Charles L.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Protected Species Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Colitz, Carmen M. H.] Aquat Anim Eye Care LLC, Amer Coll Vet Ophthalmologists DACVO, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. RP Schofield, TD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Isl Reg Off, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1110, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM David.Schofield@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.354 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400017 ER PT J AU Watson, TK Kittinger, JN Walters, JS Schofield, TD AF Watson, Trisha Kehaulani Kittinger, John N. Walters, Jeffrey S. Schofield, T. David TI Culture, Conservation, and Conflict: Assessing the Human Dimensions of Hawaiian Monk Seal Recovery SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; endangered species; recovery; human dimensions; natural resources; culture; conservation ID CALIFORNIA CHANNEL-ISLANDS; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) is highly endangered, but relatively little is known about how human societies interacted with the species in the past. We reviewed historical documents to reconstruct past human-monk seal relationships in the Hawaiian archipelago and describe ongoing efforts to understand the significance of the species in Native Hawaiian culture. Though the prehistoric period remains poorly understood, our findings suggest that monk seals were likely rare but not unknown to Hawaiian communities in the 19th and 20th centuries. References are made to monk seals in Hawaiian-language newspapers, and oral history research with Native Hawaiian practitioners and community elders reveals new words for the species that were previously unknown. This information may prove useful in crafting culturally appropriate management plans for the species and for developing more effective outreach activities to engage with coastal communities and ocean users. Our research may also aid in establishing long-term ecological baselines that can inform modern efforts to recover the species. C1 [Watson, Trisha Kehaulani] Honua Consulting, Honolulu, HI 96839 USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Impact Assessment Inc, Pacific Isl Off, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Walters, Jeffrey S.; Schofield, T. David] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Pacific Isl Reg Off, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Watson, TK (reprint author), Honua Consulting, POB 61395, Honolulu, HI 96839 USA. EM jkittinger@gmail.com NR 72 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 29 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 386 EP 396 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.386 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400021 ER PT J AU Lowry, LF Laist, DW Gilmartin, WG Antonelis, GA AF Lowry, Lloyd F. Laist, David W. Gilmartin, William G. Antonelis, George A. TI Recovery of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi): A Review of Conservation Efforts, 1972 to 2010, and Thoughts for the Future SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; Endangered Species Act; extinction; recovery; marine mammal conservation; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; main Hawaiian Islands ID MARINE DEBRIS ACCUMULATION; ISLANDS; NORTHWESTERN; SURVIVAL; SIZE AB The Hawaiian monk seal is one of the world's rarest marine mammal species and is listed as depleted, endangered, and critically endangered based on national and international criteria. Although its precarious status was already recognized by the 1950s, it was not until the 1970s that direct protection was afforded to monk seals by U. S. legislation. Many important actions were taken to try and recover the population during the following four decades, including developing a population monitoring program; controlling impacts of military facilities in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI); managing fisheries to reduce their impacts; removing marine debris; and responding to other issues, including die-offs, inadequate nutrition, aggression by male seals, and shark predation. Recently, monk seals have reoccupied the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). While this may be good news for their recovery, the MHI are well-populated by humans and significant management issues have appeared as seal numbers have increased. In spite of all that has been done, Hawaiian monk seals are likely to go extinct unless current conditions change. At this time, the most crucial needs for the recovery are (1) maintaining an adequate research and management program throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago; (2) continuing to minimize all sources of mortality; (3) promoting an increase in the number of monk seals in the MHI; (4) considering bold actions that could create more favorable conditions for seals in the NWHI; (5) ensuring that bureaucratic requirements and processes do not impede recovery actions; and (6) designing, funding, and implementing a set of actions that will stop the Hawaiian monk seal's decline toward extinction and recover the population sufficiently so that it can be removed from the Endangered Species Act's list of endangered species. C1 [Lowry, Lloyd F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Lowry, Lloyd F.] Hawaiian Monk Seal Recovery Team, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. [Laist, David W.] US Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Gilmartin, William G.] Hawaii Wildlife Fund, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. [Gilmartin, William G.] Hawaiian Monk Seal Recovery Team, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. [Antonelis, George A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Lowry, LF (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, 73-4388 Paiaha St, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. EM llowry@hawaii.rr.com NR 101 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 12 U2 61 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2011 VL 37 IS 3 BP 397 EP 419 DI 10.1578/AM.37.3.2011.397 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 822ZP UT WOS:000295090400022 ER PT B AU Arnold, GW AF Arnold, George W. BE Kim, JH Lee, MJ TI Smart Grid SO GREEN IT: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The basic architecture of the electric grid has not changed much since its development over 100 years ago: it is designed to move power from controllable centrally-generated sources through a transmission and distribution network to end users, supplying power needed to satisfy demand. About 68% of the world's power is generated from combustion of fossil fuels, and is a major source of CO2 emissions. Additionally, the need to provide enough generation capacity to meet relatively short intervals of peak demand results in a very inefficient system. The "Smart Grid" refers to a modernized electric grid that is capable of supporting a high proportion of "uncontrollable" variable renewable carbon-free sources such as wind and solar, achieving greater system efficiency through simultaneous management of demand as well as generation, and greater reliability through extensive use of sensors and automation. The Smart Grid also promises further environmental benefits by supporting growing use of electric vehicles that can be charged using idle capacity in the grid. The application of information and communications technology is critical to the operation of the Smart Grid, which will operate much more dynamically than the present electrical system. The chapter will discuss the motivation, goals and benefits of the Smart Grid; its conceptual architecture and key enabling technologies; the critical role of standards to ensure interoperability of devices and systems that make up the grid; and discuss the status of its development in different parts of the world. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arnold, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.arnold@nist.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-22178-1 PY 2011 BP 321 EP 340 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-22179-8 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BWJ06 UT WOS:000293984900017 ER PT S AU Hoffman, AJ AF Hoffman, Alan J. BE Assad, AA Gass, SI TI PHILIP STARR WOLFE SO PROFILES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH: PIONEERS AND INNOVATORS SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINEAR-PROGRAMMING APPROACH; CUTTING-STOCK PROBLEM; CONVERGENCE CONDITIONS; ASCENT METHODS C1 [Hoffman, Alan J.] Natl Bur Stand, Washington, DC USA. [Hoffman, Alan J.] Off Naval Res, London, England. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-1-4419-6280-5 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2011 VL 147 BP 627 EP 642 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_34 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2 PG 16 WC Business; History & Philosophy Of Science; History Of Social Sciences; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BVZ19 UT WOS:000293198500034 ER PT J AU Asada, M Gin, P Endoh, MK Satija, SK Taniguchi, T Koga, T AF Asada, Mitsunori Gin, Peter Endoh, Maya K. Satija, Sushi K. Taniguchi, Takashi Koga, Tadanori TI Directed self-assembly of nanoparticles at the polymer surface by highly compressible supercritical carbon dioxide SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYSTYRENE FILMS; FLUIDS; COMPOSITES; DYNAMICS; SOLVENT; NANOCOMPOSITES; REFLECTIVITY; ADSORPTION; ISOTHERMS; SOLVATION AB We report a versatile route for self-assembly of polymer-soluble nanoparticles at the polymer surface using highly compressible supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)). Polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposite thin films with functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and phenyl C-61 butyric acid methyl ester nanoparticles were prepared on Si substrates and exposed to scCO(2) at different pressures under the isothermal condition of 36 degrees C. The resultant structures could be then preserved by the vitrification process of the glassy polymers via quick pressure quench to atmospheric pressure and subsequently characterized by using various surface sensitive experimental techniques in air. We found that the surface segregation of these nanoparticles is induced in the close vicinity of P = 8.2 MPa where the excess absorption of the fluid into the polymers maximizes. However, when the film thickness becomes less than about 4R(g) thick (where R-g is the radius of polymer gyration), the uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles is favorable instead even at the same CO2 conditions. We clarify that the phase transition is correlated with the emergence of a concentration gradient of the fluid at the polymer/CO2 interface and is a general phenomenon for different polymer-nanoparticle interactions. C1 [Asada, Mitsunori; Gin, Peter; Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Asada, Mitsunori] Kuraray Co Ltd, Kurashiki Res Ctr, Okayama 7100801, Japan. [Satija, Sushi K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Taniguchi, Takashi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tkoga@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Taniguchi, Takashi/C-3137-2009 FU NSF [CMMI-0846267]; Kuraray Co., Ltd., Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX T. K. acknowledges the financial support from NSF Grant no. CMMI-0846267 and Kuraray Co., Ltd., Japan. M.K.E. acknowledges the financial support from the Restart Postdoctoral Fellowship (RPD) program, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Prof. Mitsuhiro Shibayama for his support. We also thank the Garcia Center at Stony Brook University for the SPM experiments and Steve Bennett for the X-ray reflectivity experiments. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 19 BP 9231 EP 9238 DI 10.1039/c1sm05693j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 822YE UT WOS:000295085700067 ER PT B AU Kuramochi, H Dagata, JA AF Kuramochi, Hiromi Dagata, John A. BA Tseng, AA BF Tseng, AA TI Local Oxidation Using Dynamic Force Mode: Toward Higher Reliability and Efficiency SO TIP-BASED NANOFABRICATION: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Meniscus formation; Oxidation time; Probe speed ID SCANNED PROBE OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PASSIVATED SILICON; NANOMETER-SCALE OXIDATION; CHARGE-LIMITED GROWTH; NANO-OXIDATION; SPACE-CHARGE; P-SI(001) SURFACE; SI(100) SURFACES; FARADAIC CURRENT; MICROSCOPE AB Local oxidation by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is used extensively for patterning nanostructures on metallic, insulating, and semiconducting thin films and substrates. Numerous possibilities for refining the process by controlling charge density within the oxide and shaping the water meniscus formed at the junction of the probe tip and substrate have been explored by a large number of researchers under both contact mode (CM) and dynamic-force mode (DFM) conditions. This article addresses the question of whether or not the oxide growth rate and feature size obtainable by each method arise from distinctly different kinetic processes or arise simply because charge buildup and dissipation evolve over different time scales for these two cases. We report simultaneous oxide-volume and current-flow measurements for exposures performed by CM and DFM and then go on to discuss the practical realization of enhanced reliability and energy efficiency made possible by a better understanding of the relation between oxidation time and ionic diffusion using DFM. C1 [Kuramochi, Hiromi] NIMS, MANA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Kuramochi, Hiromi] AIST, NRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Dagata, John A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuramochi, H (reprint author), NIMS, MANA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM kuramochi.hiromi@nims.go.jp; john.dagata@nist.gov NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9898-9 PY 2011 BP 65 EP 90 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9899-6_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9899-6 PG 26 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BWK23 UT WOS:000294134800002 ER PT J AU Monteil, G Houweling, S Dlugockenky, EJ Maenhout, G Vaughn, BH White, JWC Rockmann, T AF Monteil, G. Houweling, S. Dlugockenky, E. J. Maenhout, G. Vaughn, B. H. White, J. W. C. Rockmann, T. TI Interpreting methane variations in the past two decades using measurements of CH4 mixing ratio and isotopic composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC FIRN AIR; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; METHYL CHLOROFORM; BUDGET; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS; CARBON; MODEL AB The availability delta C-13-CH4 measurements from atmospheric samples has significantly improved in recent years, which allows the construction of time series spanning up to about 2 decades. We have used these measurements to investigate the cause of the methane growth rate decline since 1980, with a special focus on the period 1998-2006 when the methane growth came to a halt. The constraints provided by the CH4 and delta C-13-CH4 measurements are used to construct hypothetical source and sink scenarios, which are translated into corresponding atmospheric concentrations using the atmospheric transport model TM3 for evaluation against the measurements. The base scenario, composed of anthropogenic emissions according to EDGAR 4.0, constant emissions from natural sources, and a constant atmospheric lifetime, overestimates the observed global growth rates of CH4 and delta C-13-CH4 by, respectively, 10 ppb yr(-1) and 0.02% yr(-1) after the year 2000. It proves difficult to repair this inconsistency by modifying trends in emissions only, notably because a temporary reduction of isotopically light sources, such as natural wetlands, leads to a further increase of delta C-13-CH4. Furthermore, our results are difficult to reconcile with the estimated increase of 5 TgCH(4) yr(-1) in emissions from fossil fuel use in the period 2000-2005. On the other hand, we find that a moderate (less than 5% per decade) increase in the global OH concentration can bring the model in agreement with the measurements for plausible emission scenarios. This study demonstrates the value of global monitoring of methane isotopes, and calls for further investigation into the role OH and anthropogenic emissions to further improve our understanding of methane variations in recent years. C1 [Monteil, G.; Houweling, S.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Monteil, G.; Houweling, S.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Vaughn, B. H.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dlugockenky, E. J.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Maenhout, G.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Monteil, G (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM g.monteil@uu.nl RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; VAUGHN, BRUCE/0000-0001-6503-957X FU Dutch NWO [865.07.007] FX We would like to acknowledge Michiel van Weele (KNMI) and Maarten Krol (WUR/IMAU) for their useful discussions on the potential role of OH. This project was funded by the Dutch NWO under grant number 865.07.007. NR 61 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 17 BP 9141 EP 9153 DI 10.5194/acp-11-9141-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 819EW UT WOS:000294809200017 ER PT S AU Cooksey, C Allen, D AF Cooksey, Catherine Allen, David BE Harmon, RS Holloway, JH Broach, JT TI Investigation of the potential use of hyperspectral imaging for standoff detection of person-borne IEDs SO DETECTION AND SENSING OF MINES, EXPLOSIVE OBJECTS, AND OBSCURED TARGETS XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets XVI CY APR 25-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Fabrics; Hyperspectral; Optical; Reflectance; Stand-off Detection; Transmittance AB Advances in hyperspectral sensors and algorithms may benefit the detection of person-borne improvised explosive devices (PB-IEDs). While portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as the x-ray and terahertz regions, have been investigated for this application, the spectral region of the ultraviolet (UV) through shortwave infrared (SWIR) (250 nm to 2500 nm) has received little attention. The purpose of this work was to investigate what, if any, potential there may be for exploiting the spectral region of the UV through SWIR for the detection of hidden objects under the clothing of individuals. The optical properties of both common fabrics and materials potentially used to contain threat objects were measured, and a simple example using a hyperspectral imager is provided to illustrate the combined effect. The approach, measurement methods, and results are described in this paper, and the potential for hyperspectral imaging is addressed. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine; Allen, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dwallen@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-591-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8017 AR 80171W DI 10.1117/12.883502 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BWS83 UT WOS:000294758600063 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP Zeng, JA Hanssen, LM AF Eppeldauer, George P. Zeng, Jinan Hanssen, Leonard M. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Increased responsivity pyroelectric radiometer with dome input and temperature control SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; low-NEP; pyroelectric; reference detector; reflecting dome; spectral responsivity; temperature control; transfer standard AB Pyroelectric radiometers with noise-equivalent-power (NEP) close to 1 nW/Hz(1/2) have been developed to measure less than 1 mu W radiant power levels at room temperature to 25 mu m. The radiometers will be used as transfer standards for routine spectral responsivity calibrations in the infrared range at the output of a traditional monochromator. Dome input-optics are used with multiple beam reflections to increase absorptance and to minimize structures in the spectral responsivity function. The temperature of the pyroelectric detector is stabilized with a thermoelectric cooler/heater. Spectral power responsivity calibrations were performed with two different methods. A Fourier Transform Spectrometer using it's Infrared Reference Integrating Sphere System based method was validated with a continuously variable filter-monochromator based detector-comparison method using earlier developed pyroelectric radiometer standards. A responsivity uncertainty of 1.4 % (k=2) was obtained between 2 mu m and 14 mu m. C1 [Eppeldauer, George P.; Zeng, Jinan; Hanssen, Leonard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-588-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8014 AR 801419 DI 10.1117/12.883430 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU66 UT WOS:000294903800041 ER PT S AU Leonhardt, R King, D AF Leonhardt, Rodney King, Daniel BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Dual-wavelength transfer standard for laser peak-power measurement SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXII CY APR 26-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Naval Surface Warfare Center - Corona Division (NSWC) have jointly developed a dual-wavelength extended-sensitivity radiometer (D-ESR) that functions as a portable transfer standard for measuring laser pulses at wavelengths of 1.06 mu m and 1.55 mu m. The peak-power irradiance range is from 500 pW/cm(2) to 50 mu W/cm(2) within the wavelength range of 1.54 mu m to 1.58 mu m. A similar peak-power range is covered at a wavelength of 1.06 mu m. The measurement range is covered by using smaller apertures or a neutral-density filter to reach the highest peak powers. The D-ESR radiometer is based on an InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) detector that is integrated with a transimpedance preamplifier module. The light-collecting optical system has a maximum aperture of approximately 125 cm(2). The D-ESR is able to measure Gaussian pulse duration from 4 ns to 400 ns. The output is a negative-going pulse waveform that is measured with an oscilloscope. The total expanded uncertainty of a calibrated peak-power measurement with a D-ESR radiometer is approximately 9 % (k=2). C1 [Leonhardt, Rodney] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leonhardt, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-588-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8014 AR 80141B DI 10.1117/12.883464 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU66 UT WOS:000294903800043 ER PT S AU Becker, D Gentry, C Ade, P Beall, J Cho, HM Dicker, S Duncan, W Halpern, M Hilton, G Irwin, K Lowell, P Niemack, M Paulter, N Reintsema, C Schima, F Schwall, R Tucker, C AF Becker, Daniel Gentry, Cale Ade, Peter Beall, James Cho, Hsiao-Mei Dicker, Simon Duncan, William Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Irwin, Kent Lowell, Peter Niemack, Michael Paulter, Nick Reintsema, Carl Schima, Frank Schwall, Robert Tucker, Carole BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI High-Resolution Passive Video-Rate Imaging at 350 GHz SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE ID ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; MILLIMETER-WAVE; TERAHERTZ; TELESCOPE; SYSTEM AB We are developing a 350 GHz cryogenic passive video imaging system for use in standoff security applications. This demonstration system uses 800 photon-noise-limited superconducting transition edge sensor bolometers, read out using a time-division multiplexed readout system. It will image a 1 m x 1 m field of view at a standoff distance of 16 m to a resolution of approximately 1 cm at video frame rates (20 frames per second). High spatial resolution is achieved by the use of an f/2.0 Cassegrain optical system with 1.3 m primary mirror. Preliminary dark and optical testing of prototype detectors indicates that we can achieve a noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) below 100 mK for the fully sampled 1 m x 1 m image at 20 frames per second. We report on the current status of development of this system. C1 [Becker, Daniel; Beall, James; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Duncan, William; Hilton, Gene; Irwin, Kent; Lowell, Peter; Niemack, Michael; Paulter, Nick; Reintsema, Carl; Schima, Frank; Schwall, Robert] NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. RP Becker, D (reprint author), NIST Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. EM beckerd@boulder.nist.gov OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 802206 DI 10.1117/12.884374 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500005 ER PT S AU Lo, SZA Novotny, D Grossman, EN Heilweil, EJ AF Lo, Shu-Zee A. Novotny, David Grossman, Erich N. Heilweil, Edwin J. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Pulsed terahertz bi-directional reflection distribution function (BRDF) measurements of materials and obscurants SO PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology XIV CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE terahertz imaging; BRDF; concealed threat detection; terahertz reflection and scattering ID SPECTROSCOPY AB A pulsed terahertz imaging system modified to perform angular detection of light for quantitatively characterizing reflection and scattering from samples is reported. Reflection from a gold mirror shows that the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the terahertz beam angular spread is <1 degrees with signal-to-noise of 65 dB. Two samples, a paper index card and a corduroy cloth sample were tested. The index card reflects ca. 1% of the incident terahertz energy with similar angular spreading while the corduroy sample reflected approximately 0.01% of the incident terahertz energy with FWHM of 5 - 10 degrees. The corduroy sample also exhibits temporal pulse scattering as a function of angle which correlates with direct frequency domain measurements. C1 [Lo, Shu-Zee A.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lo, SZA (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Shu-Zee.Lo@nist.gov; Edwin.Heilweil@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-596-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8022 AR 80220G DI 10.1117/12.883738 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BWU68 UT WOS:000294908500014 ER PT J AU Langridge, JM Richardson, MS Lack, D Law, D Murphy, DM AF Langridge, Justin M. Richardson, Mathews S. Lack, Daniel Law, Daniel Murphy, Daniel M. TI Aircraft Instrument for Comprehensive Characterization of Aerosol Optical Properties, Part I: Wavelength-Dependent Optical Extinction and Its Relative Humidity Dependence Measured Using Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION; DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; AMBIENT MEASUREMENTS; C-130 AIRCRAFT; ACE-ASIA; SCATTERING; SPECTROMETER; LASER; NEPHELOMETER AB High-quality in situ observations of aerosol particle optical properties, namely extinction, scattering, and absorption, provide important information needed to constrain the role of aerosols in the climate system. This paper outlines the design and performance of an aircraft instrument utilizing cavity ringdown spectroscopy for the measurement of aerosol extinction. The 8-channel cavity ringdown spectrometer measures extinction at multiple wavelengths (405, 532, and 662 nm) and at multiple relative humidities (e. g., 10%, 70%, and 95%). Key performance characteristics include a 1-s detection limit better than 0.1 Mm(-1), accuracy of < 2% for dry aerosol measurements, and a 1-s precision better than 40% for extinction levels of > 10 Mm(-1). Laboratory and field data demonstrate that the 1-s precision is limited by the statistics of aerosol particles in the laser beam rather than the precision of the extinction measurement per se. The measurement precision improves with averaging to 5% at 60 s for extinction levels of > 10 Mm-1. Field data collected during a recent airborne campaign in California, which involved eighteen research flights during May and June 2010, are used to demonstrate the in-flight performance of new instrument. C1 [Langridge, Justin M.; Richardson, Mathews S.; Lack, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langridge, Justin M.; Richardson, Mathews S.; Lack, Daniel; Law, Daniel; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Langridge, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM justin.langridge@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Richardson, Mathews/H-4882-2013; Law, Daniel/I-4843-2013; Richardson, Matt/B-4271-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Richardson, Matt/0000-0001-6841-9770; FU NOAA; CIRES FX This work was supported by NOAA climate and air quality funding. JML thanks CIRES for the award of a visiting postdoctoral fellowship. The authors thank Drs. Ilana Pollack and Tom Ryerson for supplying NO2 measurement data and Dr. Charles Brock for useful discussions together with aerosol size distribution data from the WP-3D aircraft. NR 61 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1318 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.592745 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MF UT WOS:000294604200003 ER PT S AU Delgado, JP Hanselmann, FH Rissolo, D AF Delgado, James P. Hanselmann, Frederick H. Rissolo, Dominique BE Ford, B TI The "Richest River in the World": The Maritime Cultural Landscape of the Mouth of the Rio Chagres, Republica de Panama SO ARCHAEOLOGY OF MARITIME LANDSCAPES SE When the Land Meets the Sea LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Delgado, James P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hanselmann, Frederick H.] Texas State Univ, River Syst Inst, Ctr Archaeol Studies, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Rissolo, Dominique] Waitt Inst, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Delgado, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM james.delgado@noaa.gov; fhanselmann@txstate.edu; dominique@waittinstitute.org NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1869-6783 BN 978-1-4419-8209-4 J9 WHEN LAND MEETS SEA PY 2011 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8210-0_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-8210-0 PG 13 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA BVI77 UT WOS:000291622200014 ER PT S AU Martinsohn, JT Geffen, AJ Maes, GE Nielsen, EE Ogden, R Waples, RS Carvalho, GR AF Martinsohn, J. T. Geffen, A. J. Maes, G. E. Nielsen, E. E. Ogden, R. Waples, R. S. Carvalho, G. R. BE Hoorfar, J Jordan, K Butler, F Prugger, R TI Tracing fish and fish products from ocean to fork using advanced molecular technologies SO FOOD CHAIN INTEGRITY: A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO FOOD TRACEABILITY, SAFETY, QUALITY AND AUTHENTICITY SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE mislabelling; DNA technology; trace elements; IUU; forensics; species identification; origin assignment; technology transfer ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; DNA-BASED METHODS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE DATA; ATLANTIC COD; SALMO-SALAR; NORTH-SEA; SEAFOOD AB The ability to determine authenticity and provenance of fish and fish products throughout the international fish trade distribution chain is of paramount importance, and in many countries trace ability in the fisheries sector is based on labelling rules. As shown by numerous fraud cases worldwide, however, and the relentless global problem of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, independent control technologies are urgently needed to ensure appropriate implementation of trace ability schemes. Here, we discuss opportunities and challenges arising from the rapid progress in research and technology pertinent to trace ability. In support of an integrative approach, several technologies will be considered, though emphasis is placed on DNA technology as an approach witnessing major recent development. C1 [Martinsohn, J. T.] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Geffen, A. J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Maes, G. E.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Divers & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Nielsen, E. E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [Ogden, R.] TRACE Wildlife Forens Network, Royal Zool Soc Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 6TS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Waples, R. S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Carvalho, G. R.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Environm Ctr Wales, Mol Ecol & Fisheries Genet Lab, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Martinsohn, JT (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, Via Enrico Fermi 2749,TP 051, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM jann.martinsohn@jrc.ec.europa.eu; Audrey.Geffen@bio.uib.no; Gregory.Maes@bio.kuleuven.be; een@aqua.dtu.dk; rob.ogden@tracenetwork.org; Robin.Waples@noaa.gov; g.r.carvalho@bangor.ac.uk RI Maes, Gregory/C-5450-2008; OI Maes, Gregory/0000-0002-1531-7321; Geffen, Audrey/0000-0002-6946-5282 NR 87 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-068-3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2011 IS 212 BP 259 EP 282 D2 10.1533/9780857092519 PG 24 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVR04 UT WOS:000292498700016 ER PT J AU Tolman, HL AF Tolman, Hendrik L. TI A conservative nonlinear filter for the high-frequency range of wind wave spectra SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Wind waves; Resonant nonlinear interactions; Quadruplets; Filtering; Numerical modeling ID LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHORT-FETCH BEHAVIOR; OCEAN MODEL WAM; 4-WAVE INTERACTIONS; IMPROVEMENT; PARAMETERIZATION; SURFACE AB Filtering of the high-frequency part of a wind wave spectrum may be useful in a numerical wind wave model for various reasons. First, it can be used to augment (or be part of) a parameterization of the resonant nonlinear interactions, that are essential to third-generation wind wave models. Second, when combined with a dynamic time stepping scheme for source term integration, it may result in smoother (and hence faster) wave model integration. In this study, such a filter is proposed, based on the traditional Discrete Interaction Approximation (DIA) for the resonant four-wave nonlinear interactions. This filter retains all conservative properties of the interactions. For small time steps and/or smooth spectra, it is formulated as a traditional source term. For larger time steps and/or non-smooth spectra it is formulated as a filter. This formulation guarantees stability of the filter itself and will enhance overall computational stability in a full wave model. The stability properties of this filter are illustrated using traditional wave growth computations. Examples are given where the filter improves model economy, and where it is shown to remove spurious high-frequency noise from a wave model. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA NCEP EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tolman, HL (reprint author), NOAA NCEP EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 209, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Hendrik.Tolman@NOAA.gov FU NOAA FX This study was funded from NOAA base funding for operational wave modeling. The author thanks Arun Chawla, Roberto Padilla, Andre van der Westhuysen, and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript, and Gerbrant van Vledder for many fruitful discussions on nonlinear interactions for more than two decades. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.05.004 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 816DN UT WOS:000294579000008 ER PT J AU Bueno, PA Havey, DK Mulholland, GW Hodges, JT Gillis, KA Dickerson, RR Zachariah, MR AF Bueno, Pedro A. Havey, Daniel K. Mulholland, George W. Hodges, Joseph T. Gillis, Keith A. Dickerson, Russell R. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Photoacoustic Measurements of Amplification of the Absorption Cross Section for Coated Soot Aerosols SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELEMENTAL CARBON; CAMPAIGN 1999; PARTICLES; CALIBRATION; FLAME; ENHANCEMENT; INSTRUMENTS AB A quantitative understanding of the absorption and scattering properties of mixed soot and aerosol particles is necessary for evaluating the Earth's energy balance. Uncertainty in the net radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols is relatively large and may be limited by oversimplified models that fail to predict these properties for bare and externally mixed soot particles. In this laboratory study of flame-generated soot, we combine photoacoustic spectroscopy, particle counting techniques, and differential mobility analysis to obtain high-precision measurements of the size-dependent absorption cross section of uncoated and coated soot particles. We investigate how the coating of soot by nonabsorbing films of dibutyl phthalate (chosen as a surrogate for sulfuric acid) affects the particles' morphology and optical properties. Absorption measurements were made with photoacoustic spectroscopy using a laser at lambda = 405 nm. We report measurements and model calculations of the absolute cross section, mass absorption coefficient, and amplification of the absorption cross section. The results are interpreted and modeled in terms of a core-shell geometry and Lorenz-Mie theory of scattering and absorption. We discuss evidence of soot particle and collapse as a result of the coating process and we demonstrate the ability to resolve changes in the coating thickness as small as 2 nm. C1 [Bueno, Pedro A.; Mulholland, George W.; Dickerson, Russell R.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bueno, Pedro A.; Havey, Daniel K.; Mulholland, George W.; Hodges, Joseph T.; Gillis, Keith A.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Havey, Daniel K.] James Madison Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, 2125 Glenn L Martin Hall,2125 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010 OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083 FU Department of Energy's National Institute for Global Environmental Change [DE-FC02-03ER63613]; NIST FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Department of Energy's National Institute for Global Environmental Change Award #DE-FC02-03ER63613 and the support of NIST's Greenhouse Gas Measurements Program. We also thank the University of Maryland's Nanoscale Imaging Spectroscopy and Properties Lab for the use of their facilities and Dr. Wen-An Chiou for producing the TEM micrographs. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 9 U2 37 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 10 BP 1217 EP 1230 DI 10.1080/02786826.2011.587477 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816MB UT WOS:000294603600001 ER PT J AU Brooks, S Moore, C Lew, D Lefer, B Huey, G Tanner, D AF Brooks, S. Moore, C. Lew, D. Lefer, B. Huey, G. Tanner, D. TI Temperature and sunlight controls of mercury oxidation and deposition atop the Greenland ice sheet SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; POLAR SUNRISE; AMBIENT AIR; SNOW; CHEMISTRY; SUMMIT; CANADA AB We conducted the first ever mercury speciation measurements atop the Greenland ice sheet at Summit Station (Latitude 72.6 degrees N, Longitude 38.5 degrees W, Altitude 3200 m) in the Spring and Summer of 2007 and 2008. These measurements were part of the collaborative Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx experiment (GSHOX) campaigns investigating the importance of halogen chemistry in this remote environment. Significant levels of BrO (1-5 pptv) in the near surface air were often accompanied by diurnal dips in gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and in-situ production of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). While halogen (i.e. Br) chemistry is normally associated with marine boundary layers, at Summit, Greenland, far from any marine source, we have conclusively detected bromine and mercury chemistry in the near surface air. The likely fate of the formed mercury-bromine radical (HgBr) is further oxidation to stable RGM (HgBr2, HgBrOH, HgBrCl...), or thermal decomposition. These fates appear to be controlled by the availability of Br, OH, Cl, etc. to produce RGM (Hg(II)), versus the lifetime of HgBr by thermal dissociation. At Summit, the production of RGM appears to require a sun elevation angle of > 5 degrees, and an air temperature of <-15 degrees C. Possibly the availability of Br, controlled by photolysis J(Br-2), requires a sun angle > 5 degrees, while the formation of RGM from HgBr requires a temperature <-15 degrees C. A portion of the deposited RGM is readily photoreduced and re-emitted to the air as GEM. However, a very small fraction becomes buried at depth. Extrapolating core samples from Summit to the entire Greenland ice sheet, we calculate an estimated net annual sequestration of similar to 13 metric tons Hg per year, buried long-term under the sunlit photoreduction zone. C1 [Brooks, S.; Lew, D.] NOAA ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Moore, C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Huey, G.; Tanner, D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Brooks, S (reprint author), NOAA ATDD, 456 S Illinois Ave,POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM steve.brooks@noaa.gov RI Moore, Christopher/E-8448-2012 OI Moore, Christopher/0000-0002-6042-5583 FU NSF FX We would like to acknowledge the Summit staff for their support. Maria Horhold and Kristina Sorg for their assistance obtaining the snow core with the Kovacs hand corer. We thank NSF for their support and NOAA/ESRL/GMD for their archived meteorology data. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 21 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 16 BP 8295 EP 8306 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8295-2011 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 813YL UT WOS:000294406300005 ER PT J AU Liao, J Huey, LG Tanner, DJ Brough, N Brooks, S Dibb, JE Stutz, J Thomas, JL Lefer, B Haman, C Gorham, K AF Liao, J. Huey, L. G. Tanner, D. J. Brough, N. Brooks, S. Dibb, J. E. Stutz, J. Thomas, J. L. Lefer, B. Haman, C. Gorham, K. TI Observations of hydroxyl and peroxy radicals and the impact of BrO at Summit, Greenland in 2007 and 2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; COASTAL ANTARCTICA; OZONE DESTRUCTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; PERNITRIC ACID; SNOW; CHEMISTRY; ISCAT; OH AB The Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx (GSHOX) Campaign was performed in spring 2007 and summer 2008 to investigate the impact of halogens on HOx (= OH+HO2) cycling above the Greenland Ice Sheet. Chemical species including hydroxyl and peroxy radicals (OH and HO2 + RO2), ozone (O-3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid (HONO), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and bromine oxide (BrO) were measured during the campaign. The median midday values of HO2 + RO2 and OH concentrations observed by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) were 2.7x10(8) molec cm(-3) and 3.0x10(6) molec cm(-3) in spring 2007, and 4.2x10(8) molec cm(-3) and 4.1x10(6) molec cm(-3) in summer 2008. A basic photochemical 0-D box model highly constrained by observations of H2O, O-3, CO, CH4, NO, and J values predicted HO2 + RO2 (R = 0.90, slope = 0.87 in 2007; R = 0.79, slope = 0.96 in 2008) reasonably well and under predicted OH (R = 0.83, slope = 0.72 in 2007; R = 0.76, slope = 0.54 in 2008). Constraining the model to HONO observations did not significantly improve the ratio of OH to HO2 + RO2 and the correlation between predictions and observations. Including bromine chemistry in the model constrained by observations of BrO improved the correlation between observed and predicted HO2 + RO2 and OH, and brought the average hourly OH and HO2 + RO2 predictions closer to the observations. These model comparisons confirmed our understanding of the dominant HOx sources and sinks in this environment and indicated that BrO impacted the OH levels at Summit. Although, significant discrepancies between observed and predicted OH could not be explained by the measured BrO. Finally, observations of enhanced RGM were found to be coincident with under prediction of OH. C1 [Liao, J.; Huey, L. G.; Tanner, D. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brough, N.] NERC, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. [Brooks, S.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dibb, J. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Stutz, J.; Thomas, J. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmosphere Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Lefer, B.; Haman, C.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Gorham, K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Huey, LG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014 FU NSF [ATM-0612279:002] FX This work is financially supported by NSF GEO ATM Tropospheric Chemistry program (Grant ATM-0612279:002). We thank NSF OPP, CH2MHill Polar Services, and the 109th Air National Guard for logistical support. We also thank Greenland Home rule for permission to work at Summit. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 33 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 16 BP 8577 EP 8591 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8577-2011 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 813YL UT WOS:000294406300022 ER PT J AU Harrigan, DL Fuelberg, HE Simpson, IJ Blake, DR Carmichael, GR Diskin, GS AF Harrigan, D. L. Fuelberg, H. E. Simpson, I. J. Blake, D. R. Carmichael, G. R. Diskin, G. S. TI Anthropogenic emissions during Arctas-A: mean transport characteristics and regional case studies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; ASIAN CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; SOUTH ATLANTIC REGION; PACIFIC TRACE-P; CARBONYL SULFIDE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; WESTERN PACIFIC; COMPOUNDS VOCS AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission during 2008 as a part of the International Polar Year (IPY). The purpose of ARCTAS was to study the factors responsible for changes in the Arctic's atmospheric composition and climate. A major emphasis was to investigate Arctic haze, which is most pronounced during winter and early spring. This study focuses on the spring phase of ARCTAS (ARCTAS-A) that was based in Alaska during April 2008. Although anthropogenic emissions historically have been associated with Arctic haze, biomass burning emissions dominated the ARCTAS-A period and have been the focus of many ARCTAS related studies. This study determines mean transport characteristics of anthropogenic emissions during ARCTAS-A. Trajectories are initiated each day from three significant regions of anthropogenic emissions (Asia, North America, and Europe). The fifteen day forward trajectories are calculated using data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 45 km horizontal resolution. The trajectory calculations indicate: origins of emissions that reach the Arctic (defined as north of 70 degrees N) within fifteen days, pathways of these emissions, Arctic entry locations, and altitudes at which the trajectories enter the Arctic. Three cases during the ARCTAS-A period (one for each of the regions above) are examined using backward trajectories and chemical fingerprinting based on in situ data sampled from the NASA DC-8. The fingerprinting utilizes volatile organic compounds that represent pure anthropogenic tracers, Asian anthropogenic pollution, incomplete combustion, and natural gas emissions. We determine flight legs containing anthropogenic emissions and the pathways travelled by these emissions. Results show that the DC-8 sampled anthropogenic emissions from Asia, North America, and Europe during the spring phase of ARCTAS. The pathways travelled by these emissions agree with our derived transport characteristics and previous studies of Arctic transport. Meteorological analysis and trajectory calculations indicate that middle latitude cyclones and their associated warm conveyor belts play an important role in lofting the surface based emissions to their sampling altitude in all three cases. C1 [Harrigan, D. L.; Fuelberg, H. E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Simpson, I. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Carmichael, G. R.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Harrigan, D. L.] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Fuelberg, HE (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM hfuelberg@fsu.edu FU NASA [NNX0AH72G, NNX09AB22G] FX The research at Florida State University was sponsored by the NASA Tropospheric Chemistry Program under Grant NNX0AH72G. The research at the University of California-Irvine was supported by NASA grant NNX09AB22G. We would like to express our sincere thanks to everyone who participated in the highly successful ARCTAS mission. Finally, we appreciate the helpful suggestions of three anonymous reviewers. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 16 BP 8677 EP 8701 DI 10.5194/acp-11-8677-2011 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 813YL UT WOS:000294406300029 ER PT J AU Frolicher, TL Joos, F Raible, CC AF Froelicher, T. L. Joos, F. Raible, C. C. TI Sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 and climate to explosive volcanic eruptions SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC SULFUR INJECTIONS; CARBON-CYCLE; LAST MILLENNIUM; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; HEAT-CONTENT; SEA-LEVEL; EL-NINO; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; DIOXIDE AB Impacts of low-latitude, explosive volcanic eruptions on climate and the carbon cycle are quantified by forcing a comprehensive, fully coupled carbon cycle-climate model with pulse-like stratospheric aerosol optical depth changes. The model represents the radiative and dynamical response of the climate system to volcanic eruptions and simulates a decrease of global and regional atmospheric surface temperature, regionally distinct changes in precipitation, a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, and a decrease in atmospheric CO2 after volcanic eruptions. The volcanic-induced cooling reduces overturning rates in tropical soils, which dominates over reduced litter input due to soil moisture decrease, resulting in higher land carbon inventories for several decades. The perturbation in the ocean carbon inventory changes sign from an initial weak carbon sink to a carbon source. Positive carbon and negative temperature anomalies in subsurface waters last up to several decades. The multi-decadal decrease in atmospheric CO2 yields a small additional radiative forcing that amplifies the cooling and perturbs the Earth System on longer time scales than the atmospheric residence time of volcanic aerosols. In addition, century-scale global warming simulations with and without volcanic eruptions over the historical period show that the ocean integrates volcanic radiative cooling and responds for different physical and biogeochemical parameters such as steric sea level or dissolved oxygen. Results from a suite of sensitivity simulations with different magnitudes of stratospheric aerosol optical depth changes and from global warming simulations show that the carbon cycle-climate sensitivity gamma, expressed as change in atmospheric CO2 per unit change in global mean surface temperature, depends on the magnitude and temporal evolution of the perturbation, and time scale of interest. On decadal time scales, modeled gamma is several times larger for a Pinatubo-like eruption than for the industrial period and for a high emission, 21st century scenario. C1 [Froelicher, T. L.; Joos, F.; Raible, C. C.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Froelicher, T. L.; Joos, F.; Raible, C. C.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Frolicher, TL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tfrolich@princeton.edu RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Raible, Christoph/M-8309-2016; OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Raible, Christoph/0000-0003-0176-0602; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 FU SNSF; European Community [211384] FX Simulations were carried out at the Swiss National Computing Centre in Manno, Switzerland. TLF is supported by the SNSF. CCR is supported by the NCCR Climate and the project FUPSOL, both funded by SNSF. We thank J. L. Sarmiento, K. B. Rodgers, D. Paynter and K. Bryan for discussion, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This work is a contribution to the "European Project on Ocean Acidification" (EPOCA) which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant no. 211384. NR 74 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2011 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2317 EP 2339 DI 10.5194/bg-8-2317-2011 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 814MA UT WOS:000294457100020 ER PT J AU Roscioli, JR Nesbitt, DJ AF Roscioli, Joseph R. Nesbitt, David J. TI Quantum state resolved velocity-map imaging spectroscopy: A new tool for collision dynamics at gas/self-assembled monolayer interfaces SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID INTERFACE; DIRECT INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SURFACE SCATTERING; CO2 SCATTERING; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SALTY GLYCEROL; AG(111); HCL; EXCHANGE; DCL AB The dynamics of HCl scattering from a room-temperature -CH3 terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is probed via state-resolved spectroscopy coupled to a velocity-map imaging (VMI) apparatus. The resulting velocity maps provide new insight into the HCl scattering trajectories, revealing for the first time correlations between internal and translational degrees of freedom. Velocity maps at low J are dominated by signatures of both the incident beam (17.3(3) kcal mol(-1)) and a room-temperature trapping-desorption component (TD). At high J, however, the maps contain a large, continuous feature associated primarily with impulsive scattering (IS). Trajectories resulting from these strongly inelastic interactions are readily isolated in the map, and provide a new glimpse into purely impulsive scattering dynamics. Specifically, within the purely-IS HCl region of the velocity maps, the rotational distribution is found to be remarkably Boltzmann like, but with a temperature (472 K) significantly higher than the SAM surface (300 K). By way of contrast, the translational degree of freedom of the impulsively-scattered flux is clearly non-Boltzmann in character, with a strong propensity for in-plane scattering in the forward direction, and yet still exhibiting out-of-plane velocity distributions reasonably well characterized by a temperature of 690 K. These first data establish the prospects for a new class of experimental tools aimed at exploring energy transfer and reactive scattering events on SAMs, liquid, and metal interfaces with quantum state resolved information on correlated internal and translational distributions. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been funded from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, with additional support for equipment from the National Science Foundation. JRR also gratefully acknowledges the National Institute for Standards and Technology for a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 150 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1039/c0fd00023j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 795MA UT WOS:000292977100025 PM 22457962 ER PT J AU Tesfagiorgis, K Mahani, SE Krakauer, NY Khanbilvardi, R AF Tesfagiorgis, K. Mahani, S. E. Krakauer, N. Y. Khanbilvardi, R. TI Bias correction of satellite rainfall estimates using a radar-gauge product - a case study in Oklahoma (USA) SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; ALGORITHM; MODELS AB Hourly Satellite Precipitation Estimates (SPEs) may be the only available source of information for operational hydrologic and flash flood prediction due to spatial limitations of radar and gauge products. SPEs are prone to larger systematic errors and more uncertainty sources in comparison with ground based radar and gauge precipitation products. The present work develops an approach to seamlessly blend satellite, radar and gauge products to fill gaps in ground-based data. To mix different rainfall products, the bias of any of the products relative to each other should be removed. The study presents and tests a proposed ensemble-based method which aims to estimate spatially varying multiplicative biases in hourly SPEs using a radar-gauge rainfall product and compare it with previously used bias correction methods. Bias factors were calculated for a randomly selected sample of rainy pixels in the study area. Spatial fields of estimated bias were generated taking into account spatial variation and random errors in the sampled values. Bias field parameters were determined on a daily basis using the shuffled complex evolution optimization algorithm. To include more error sources, ensembles of bias factors were generated and applied before bias field generation. We demonstrate this method using two satellite-based products, CPC Morphing (CMORPH) and Hydro-Estimator (HE), and a radar-gauge rainfall Stage-IV (ST-IV) dataset for several rain events in 2006 over Oklahoma. The method was compared with 3 simpler methods for bias correction: mean ratio, maximum ratio and spatial interpolation without ensembles. Bias ratio, correlation coefficient, root mean square error and mean absolute difference are used to evaluate the performance of the different methods. Results show that: (a) the methods of maximum ratio and mean ratio performed variably and did not improve the overall correlation with the ST-IV in any of the rainy events; (b) the method of interpolation was consistently able to improve all the performance criteria; (c) the method of ensembles outperformed the other 3 methods. C1 [Tesfagiorgis, K.; Mahani, S. E.; Krakauer, N. Y.; Khanbilvardi, R.] CCNY CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Tesfagiorgis, K (reprint author), CCNY CUNY, Dept Civil Engn, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ktesfagiorgis@gc.cuny.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162] FX This study was partially supported and monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant number NA06OAR4810162. The statements contained within this paper are not the opinions of the funding agency or the US government, but reflect the authors' opinions. We would like to thank Robert Kuligowski, Robert Joyce and Yelena Yarosh for providing all the necessary data. Thanks are due to Ademe Mekonnen and Yu Zhang for editing the original version of the paper. Thanks to Jan Mandel and Cecilia Hernandez for their cooperation and help. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2631 EP 2647 DI 10.5194/hess-15-2631-2011 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 814MH UT WOS:000294458200015 ER PT J AU Huang, EW Liu, Y Ren, Y Porcar, L Kai, JJ Liaw, PK Smith, GS Chen, WR AF Huang, E-Wen Liu, Yun Ren, Yang Porcar, Lionel Kai, Ji-Jung Liaw, Peter K. Smith, Gregory S. Chen, Wei-Ren TI Evolution of microstructure in a nickel-based superalloy as a function of ageing time SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ageing; small-angle neutron scattering; synchrotron radiation; nickel alloys; precipitation ID ALLOYS AB An experimental investigation, combining synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy, has been undertaken to study the microstructure of nanoprecipitates in a nickel-based superalloy. Upon increasing the ageing time during a heat-treatment process, the average size of the precipitates first decreases before changing to a monotonically growth stage. Possible reasons for this observed structural evolution, which is predicted thermodynamically, are suggested. C1 [Huang, E-Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Huang, E-Wen] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Kai, Ji-Jung] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Liaw, Peter K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Smith, Gregory S.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Huang, EW (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM ewhuang@ncu.edu.tw RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Huang, E-Wen/A-5717-2015; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Huang, E-Wen/0000-0003-4986-0661; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; KAI, Ji-jung/0000-0001-7848-8753 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0900271, DMR-0909037]; ORNL-LDRD [05272]; National Science Council [NSC-99-3113-Y-042-001]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR-0454672]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work presented in this article could not have been made without the input made from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) projects of CMMI-0900271 and DMR-0909037 with Dr C. Huber, Dr D. Finotello, Dr C. V. Cooper and Dr A. Ardell as program directors. We acknowledge the ORNL-LDRD program (project no. 05272). E-Wen Huang and Ji-Jung Kai appreciate the support from the National Science Council Programs of NSC-99-3113-Y-042-001. We acknowledge the support of The Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy for Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor. The support of the NIST US DOC in providing the neutron-research facilities supported under the NSF agreement of DMR-0454672 is acknowledged. The use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank the Haynes International, Inc.1 for providing the materials. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 EI 1362-3036 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 7 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1080/09500839.2011.587463 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 814KM UT WOS:000294450300007 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Glancy, S Nam, SW AF Gerrits, T. Glancy, S. Nam, S. W. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI A balanced homodyne detector and local oscillator shaping for measuring optical Schrodinger cat states SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques V CY APR 27-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE homodyne detection; optical Schrodinger cat states; squeezed vacuum ID EFFICIENCY AB We present our implementation of an optical homodyne detector used to measure optical Schrodinger cat states. We show how we minimized the losses and mode-mismatches associated with homodyne detection, which become important when measuring non-classical states of light. We present a pulse-shaping scheme applied to the local oscillator to improve its temporal mode overlap with the non-classical state. C1 [Gerrits, T.; Glancy, S.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-607-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8033 AR 80330X DI 10.1117/12.885486 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWL86 UT WOS:000294206400024 ER PT J AU Wetzel, CR Punt, AE AF Wetzel, Chantell R. Punt, Andre E. TI Performance of a fisheries catch-at-age model (Stock Synthesis) in data-limited situations SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fisheries modelling; groundfish; US west coast ID MANAGEMENT AB Limited data are a common challenge posed to fisheries stock assessment. A simulation framework was applied to examine the impact of limited data and data type on the performance of a widely used catch-at-age stock-assessment method (Stock Synthesis). The estimation method provided negatively biased estimates of current spawning-stock biomass (SSB) relative to the unfished level (final depletion) when only recent survey indices were available. Estimation of quantities of management interest (unfished SSB, virgin recruitment, target fishing mortality and final depletion) improved substantially even when only minimal-length-composition data from the survey were available. However, the estimates of some quantities (final depletion and unfished SSB) remained biased (either positively or negatively) even in the scenarios with the most data (length compositions, age compositions and survey indices). The probability of overestimating yield at the target SSB relative to the true such yield was similar to 50%, a risk-neutral result, for all the scenarios that included length-composition data. Our results highlight the importance of length-composition data for the performance of an age-structured assessment model, and are encouraging for the assessment of data-limited stocks. C1 [Wetzel, Chantell R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wetzel, Chantell R.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wetzel, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chantell.wetzel@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 8 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.1071/MF11006 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 809LH UT WOS:000294056600004 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Butry, DT AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Butry, David T. TI The effect of urban trees on the rental price of single-family homes in Portland, Oregon SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Article DE Hedonic; Non-market valuation; Ecosystem services; Urban forestry ID RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY-VALUES; QUALITY; ETHNICITY; IMPACT; NOISE AB Few studies have estimated the effect of environmental amenities on the rental price of houses. We address this gap in the literature by quantifying the effect of urban trees on the rental price of single-family homes in Portland, Oregon, USA. We found that an additional tree on a house's lot increased monthly rent by $5.62, and a tree in the public right of way increased rent by $21.00. These results are consistent with a previous hedonic analysis of the effects of trees on the sales price of homes in Portland, which suggests that homeowners and renters place similar values on urban trees. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Butry, David T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us; david.butry@nist.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.05.007 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 808QA UT WOS:000293992300002 ER PT J AU Pillai, D Gerbig, C Ahmadov, R Rodenbeck, C Kretschmer, R Koch, T Thompson, R Neininger, B Lavric, JV AF Pillai, D. Gerbig, C. Ahmadov, R. Roedenbeck, C. Kretschmer, R. Koch, T. Thompson, R. Neininger, B. Lavric, J. V. TI High-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 over complex terrain - representing the Ochsenkopf mountain tall tower SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL CARBON EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT MODELS; STILT MODEL; ERRORS; INVERSIONS; DIOXIDE; GERMANY; EUROPE; GASES AB Accurate simulation of the spatial and temporal variability of tracer mixing ratios over complex terrain is challenging, but essential in order to utilize measurements made in complex orography (e.g. mountain and coastal sites) in an atmospheric inverse framework to better estimate regional fluxes of these trace gases. This study investigates the ability of high-resolution modeling tools to simulate meteorological and CO2 fields around Ochsenkopf tall tower, situated in Fichtelgebirge mountain range-Germany (1022 m a.s.l.; 50 degrees 1'48 '' N, 11 degrees 48'30 '' E). We used tower measurements made at different heights for different seasons together with the measurements from an aircraft campaign. Two tracer transport models - WRF (Eulerian based) and STILT (Lagrangian based), both with a 2 km horizontal resolution - are used together with the satellite-based biospheric model VPRM to simulate the distribution of atmospheric CO2 concentration over Ochsenkopf. The results suggest that the high-resolution models can capture diurnal, seasonal and synoptic variability of observed mixing ratios much better than coarse global models. The effects of mesoscale transports such as mountain-valley circulations and mountain-wave activities on atmospheric CO2 distributions are reproduced remarkably well in the high-resolution models. With this study, we emphasize the potential of using high-resolution models in the context of inverse modeling frameworks to utilize measurements provided from mountain or complex terrain sites. C1 [Pillai, D.; Gerbig, C.; Roedenbeck, C.; Kretschmer, R.; Koch, T.; Thompson, R.; Lavric, J. V.] Max Planck Inst Biochem, Jena, Germany. [Ahmadov, R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Thompson, R.] UMR8212, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Neininger, B.] MetAir AG, CH-8915 Hausen Am Albis, Switzerland. RP Pillai, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biochem, Jena, Germany. EM kdhanya@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Lavric, Jost/H-4487-2011; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; OI Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Lavric, Jost/0000-0003-3610-9078; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7445 EP 7464 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7445-2011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500003 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Feichter, J Kazil, J Wan, H Zhuo, W Griffiths, AD Sartorius, H Zahorowski, W Ramonet, M Schmidt, M Yver, C Neubert, REM Brunke, EG AF Zhang, K. . Feichter, J. Kazil, J. Wan, H. Zhuo, W. Griffiths, A. D. Sartorius, H. Zahorowski, W. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, M. Yver, C. Neubert, R. E. M. Brunke, E. -G. TI Radon activity in the lower troposphere and its impact on ionization rate: a global estimate using different radon emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODEL; ION-MEDIATED NUCLEATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODEL; RN-222 CONCENTRATIONS; AEROSOL NUCLEATION; EXHALATION RATE; BOREAL FOREST; FLUX; PRODUCTS AB The radioactive decay of radon and its progeny can lead to ionization of air molecules and consequently influence aerosol size distribution. In order to provide a global estimate of the radon-related ionization rate, we use the global atmospheric model ECHAM5 to simulate transport and decay processes of the radioactive tracers. A global radon emission map is put together using regional fluxes reported recently in the literature. Near-surface radon concentrations simulated with this new map compare well with measurements. Radon-related ionization rate is calculated and compared to that caused by cosmic rays. The contribution of radon and its progeny clearly exceeds that of the cosmic rays in the mid- and low-latitude land areas in the surface layer. During cold seasons, at locations where high concentration of sulfuric acid gas and low temperature provide potentially favorable conditions for nucleation, the coexistence of high ionization rate may help enhance the particle formation processes. This suggests that it is probably worth investigating the impact of radon-induced ionization on aerosol-climate interaction in global models. C1 [Zhang, K. .; Feichter, J.; Wan, H.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhuo, W.] Fudan Univ, Inst Radiat Med, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Griffiths, A. D.; Zahorowski, W.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Sartorius, H.] Fed Off Radiat Protect BfS, Salzgitter, Germany. [Ramonet, M.; Schmidt, M.; Yver, C.] CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL,UVSQ, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Neubert, R. E. M.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Brunke, E. -G.] S African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Kazil, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kai.zhang@pnnl.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Wan, Hui/J-4701-2013; Griffiths, Alan/I-4766-2014; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Griffiths, Alan/0000-0003-1135-1810; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; FU Max Planck Society; EUCAARI project FX The authors thank F. Conen and T. Szegvary for providing their radon flux maps, and S. Rast for preparing the nudging data and making the internal review. We are also grateful to S. Schery, S. Whittlestone, C. Schlosser, J.-F. Vinuesa, and the two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments. The German BfS, French RAMCES, and Australian ANSTO monitoring networks are acknowledged for providing the new radon measurements used in this study. This work was jointly supported by the Max Planck Society and the EUCAARI project. All simulations were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, DKRZ). NR 92 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 15 BP 7817 EP 7838 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7817-2011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 806RA UT WOS:000293826500025 ER PT B AU Presser, C Yang, JC AF Presser, C. Yang, J. C. BE Ashgriz, N TI Fire Suppression SO HANDBOOK OF ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fire suppression; Flame extinguishment; Flame suppression screens; Flash vaporized sprays; Spray transport; Sprinklers; Water mists ID PREMIXED COUNTERFLOW FLAMES; HEATED SOLID-SURFACE; SPRINKLER SPRAY; WATER DROPLETS; EXTINCTION; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; CYLINDER; IMPACT AB Water sprinkler sprays (with relatively large droplet sizes) in residential and commercial structures are probably the most well-known application of sprays in fire suppression. In more recent years, water mists (characterized by reduced droplet sizes, which may contain additives) have been considered as a replacement for Ha Ion 1301, the most common fire suppressant chemical aboard aircraft and ships, but banned as an ozone-depleting chemical by the Montreal Protocol in 1987. Much research has focused on characterizing the liquid discharge from agent storage bottles, spray transport in various obstructed environments, agent suppression of liquid-fueled, spray-type fires, and determination of the effectiveness of various liquid and powdered chemicals (with respect to gaseous agents) to extinguish a flame in well-controlled experimental facilities. Research during the past two decades to characterize liquid and powdered sprays may find sprays appealing alternatives to environmentally harmful gaseous agents in the near future, if properly engineered. C1 [Presser, C.; Yang, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov; cary@nist.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7263-7 PY 2011 BP 909 EP 926 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7264-4_42 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7264-4 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BTX14 UT WOS:000288351900042 ER PT J AU Schwalbe, JT Phelan, FR Vlahovska, PM Hudson, SD AF Schwalbe, Jonathan T. Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Vlahovska, Petia M. Hudson, Steven D. TI Interfacial effects on droplet dynamics in Poiseuille flow SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID INSOLUBLE SURFACTANTS; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; MICROCHANNELS; TENSIOMETRY; PARTICLES; MIGRATION; FLUID AB Many properties of emulsions arise from interfacial rheology, but a theoretical understanding of the effect of interfacial viscosities on droplet dynamics is lacking. Here we report such a theory, relating to isolated spherical drops in a Poiseuille flow. Stokes flow is assumed in the bulk phases, and a jump in hydrodynamic stress at the interface is balanced by Marangoni and surface viscous forces according to the Boussinesq-Scriven constitutive law. Our model employs a linear equation of state for the surfactant. Our analysis predicts slip, cross-stream migration and droplet-circulation velocities. These results and the corresponding interfacial parameters are separable: e. g., cross-stream migration occurs only if gradients in surfactant concentration are present; slip velocity depends on viscosity contrast and dilatational properties, but not on shear Boussinesq number. This separability allows a new and advantageous means to measure surface viscous and elastic forces directly from the drop interface. C1 [Schwalbe, Jonathan T.; Phelan, Frederick R., Jr.; Hudson, Steven D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vlahovska, Petia M.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Schwalbe, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Complex Fluids Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM schwalbe@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Research Council - National Institute of Standards and Technology; NSF [CBET-0846247] FX JTS acknowledges support from a National Research Council - National Institute of Standards and Technology postdoctoral fellowship. PMV acknowledges partial financial support by NSF grant CBET-0846247. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 17 BP 7797 EP 7804 DI 10.1039/c1sm05144j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 808XB UT WOS:000294014200025 ER PT S AU Flagg, EB Muller, A Polyakov, SV Ling, A Migdall, A Solomon, GS AF Flagg, Edward B. Muller, Andreas Polyakov, Sergey V. Ling, Alex Migdall, Alan Solomon, Glenn S. BE UlHasan, Z Hemmer, PR Lee, H Santori, CM TI Interference of Single Photons from Two Separate Semiconductor Quantum Dots SO ADVANCES IN PHOTONICS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication IV CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum dots; quantum optics; photon statistics; interference; indistinguishability ID EMISSION; DEVICE; LIGHT; TIME; ATOM AB We demonstrate interference between discrete photons emitted by two different semiconductor quantum dots and quantify their degree of indistinguishability. The quantum dot emission energies are tuned into resonance by straining the samples. Upon interference on a beamsplitter, the photons are shown to be 18.1% indistinguishable, resulting in a coincidence detection rate below the classical limit. Post-selecting only those detections occurring within a short time of each other increases the measured indistinguishability to 47%. The photons are partially distinguishable due to dephasing of the exciton states, and post-selection is also affected by the detector response time. C1 [Flagg, Edward B.; Muller, Andreas; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Ling, Alex; Migdall, Alan; Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Solomon, GS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM glenn.solomon@nist.gov RI Flagg, Edward/G-2897-2013; Ling, Alexander/G-7331-2012 OI Flagg, Edward/0000-0002-8065-4092; Ling, Alexander/0000-0001-5866-1141 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8485-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7948 AR 794818 DI 10.1117/12.874853 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BWE07 UT WOS:000293702100019 ER PT B AU Anderson, D AF Anderson, David BE Abdu, MA Pancheva, D Bhattacharyya, A TI Daytime Vertical ExB Drift Velocities Inferred from Ground-Based Equatorial Magnetometer Observations SO AERONOMY OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID F-REGION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RADAR; MODEL; INTERPLANETARY AB The daytime equatorial electrojet is a narrow band of enhanced eastward current flowing in the 100-120 km altitude region within +/- 2 degrees latitude of the dip equator. A unique way of determining the daytime strength of the electrojet is to observe the difference in the magnitudes of the Horizontal (H) component between a magnetometer placed directly on the magnetic equator and one displaced 6-9 degrees away. The difference between these measured H values provides a direct measure of the daytime electrojet current, and in turn, the magnitude of the vertical ExB drift velocity in the F region ionosphere. This paper emphasizes two major topics related to the title: (1) Describes and summarizes the techniques developed for obtaining the daytime, ExB drift velocities from ground-based magnetometer observations, and (2) Describes and summarizes the equatorial, ionospheric physical transport mechanisms that have been addressed using these techniques. C1 [Anderson, David] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Anderson, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM David.Anderson@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0325-4 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 2 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_14 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUW26 UT WOS:000290497500014 ER PT B AU Fuller-Rowell, TJ AF Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J. BE Abdu, MA Pancheva, D Bhattacharyya, A TI Storm-Time Response of the Thermosphere-Ionosphere System SO AERONOMY OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZONAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; GREAT MAGNETIC STORM; LOW-LATITUDE; F-REGION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; NEUTRAL WINDS; EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; MIDDLE-LATITUDE; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB During a geomagnetic storm, the magnetospheric energy injected into the upper atmosphere increases by at least an order of magnitude, and during these times far exceeds the solar EUV and UV energy input. The energy is initially deposited towards higher latitudes where it heats and expands the thermosphere, increasing temperature and neutral density. Ionospheric plasma at high latitudes accelerates in response to the magnetospheric forcing, and through collisions can drive neutral winds in excess of 1 km/s. Large scale gravity waves are launched equatorward preceding a change in global circulation. Upwelling at high latitude and equatorward winds transport molecular rich neutral gas towards mid and low latitudes, particularly in the summer hemisphere, where it speeds up recombination and depletes the ionosphere. Additional electrodynamic processes, such as prompt penetration and disturbance dynamo electric fields, accompany the dynamic response to storms and can cause a huge redistribution and increase of ionospheric plasma. The papers following this one will elucidate many of the details in the storm-time response and provide a broader perspective. C1 [Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Timothy J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, TJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov NR 74 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-94-007-0325-4 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 2 BP 419 EP 435 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_32 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BUW26 UT WOS:000290497500032 ER PT B AU Emery, WJ Strub, T Leben, R Foreman, M McWilliams, JC Han, G Ladd, C Ueno, H AF Emery, W. J. Strub, T. Leben, R. Foreman, M. McWilliams, J. C. Han, G. Ladd, C. Ueno, H. BE Vignudelli, S Kostianoy, AG Cipollini, P Benveniste, J TI Satellite Altimetry Applications off the Coasts of North America SO COASTAL ALTIMETRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Satellite altimetry; US coasts; California Current; Gulf of Mexico; Gulf Stream; Labrador Current; Loop Current ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EDDY KINETIC-ENERGY; NE PACIFIC GYRES; SURFACE CIRCULATION; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SEA; VELOCITY; TOPEX/POSEIDON; STATISTICS; RESOLUTION C1 [Emery, W. J.; Leben, R.] Univ Colorado, CCAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Strub, T.] Oregon State Univ, COAS, Sch Oceanog, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Foreman, M.] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [McWilliams, J. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Han, G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, NW Atlantic Fisheries Ctr, St John, NF, Canada. [Ladd, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ueno, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Observat Res Global Change, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Emery, WJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CCAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM william.emery@colorado.edu OI Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082; Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12795-3 PY 2011 BP 417 EP 451 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0_16 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12796-0 PG 35 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BTY27 UT WOS:000288421900016 ER PT S AU Carterette, B Voorhees, EM AF Carterette, Ben Voorhees, Ellen M. BE Lupu, M Mayer, K Tait, J Trippe, AJ TI Overview of Information Retrieval Evaluation SO CURRENT CHALLENGES IN PATENT INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SE Information Retrieval Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB An important property of information retrieval (IR) system performance is its effectiveness at finding and ranking relevant documents in response to a user query. Research and development in IR requires rapid evaluation of effectiveness in order to test new approaches. This chapter covers the test collections required to evaluate effectiveness as well as traditional and newer measures of effectiveness. C1 [Carterette, Ben] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Voorhees, Ellen M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Carterette, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM carteret@cis.udel.edu; Ellen.Voorhees@nist.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-5264 BN 978-3-642-19230-2 J9 INFORM RETRIEVAL SER PY 2011 VL 29 BP 69 EP 85 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-19231-9_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-19231-9 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BUU97 UT WOS:000290417900003 ER PT J AU Black, BA Allman, RJ Schroeder, ID Schirripa, MJ AF Black, Bryan A. Allman, Robert J. Schroeder, Isaac D. Schirripa, Michael J. TI Multidecadal otolith growth histories for red and gray snapper (Lutjanus spp.) in the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate; dendrochronology; gray snapper; Gulf of Mexico; otolith; red snapper; sclerochronology ID CLIMATE-DRIVEN SYNCHRONY; WEST FLORIDA SHELF; INCREMENT CHRONOLOGIES; ROCKFISH GROWTH; TREE; RIVER; AGE; PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; CAMPECHANUS AB Dendrochronology (tree-ring analysis) techniques were applied to develop chronologies from the annual growth-increment widths of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) and gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) otoliths sampled from the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA. Growth increment widths showed considerable synchrony within and across species, indicating that some component of environmental variability influenced growth. The final, exactly dated red snapper chronology continuously spanned 1975 through 2003, while the gray snapper chronology continuously spanned 1975 through 2006. To determine baseline climate-growth relationships, chronologies were compared to monthly averages of sea surface temperatures, U winds (west to east), V winds (south to north), and Mississippi River discharge. The gray snapper chronology significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with winds and temperature in March and April, while the red snapper chronology correlated with winds in March. Principal components regression including springtime winds and temperature accounted for 28 and 52% of the variance in the red and gray snapper chronologies, respectively. These results indicate that snapper growth was favored by warm sea surface temperatures and onshore winds from the southeast to the northwest in March and April. Overall, this study provides preliminary, baseline information regarding the association between climate and growth for these commercially important snapper species. C1 [Black, Bryan A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, SE Marine Sci Ctr 2030, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Allman, Robert J.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Schroeder, Isaac D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Schirripa, Michael J.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, SE Marine Sci Ctr 2030, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bryan.black@oregonstate.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We wish to thank the port agents for sampling red and gray snapper. Bob Farsky, Beverly Barnett, Nancy Evou, and Linda Lombardi contributed to otolith processing and data base management, and Chris Gardner helped with figures. This research was supported by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries and the Environment Program. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00588.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 803ZE UT WOS:000293621000001 ER PT J AU Su, NJ Sun, CL Punt, AE Yeh, SZ Dinardo, G AF Su, Nan-Jay Sun, Chi-Lu Punt, Andre E. Yeh, Su-Zan Dinardo, Gerard TI Evaluation of a spatially sex-specific assessment method incorporating a habitat preference model for blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) in the Pacific Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE evaluation of estimation performance; Monte Carlo simulation; oceanographic variables; seasonal movement; sexual dimorphism ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; ATLANTIC; FISHERY; MANAGEMENT; SIZE; RECRUITMENT; BILLFISHES; AUSTRALIA; WESTERN; GROWTH AB Blue marlin, widely distributed throughout the Pacific Ocean, are sexually dimorphic, have certain preferred habitats, and migrate seasonally. These characteristics have been ignored in previous stock assessment models. A population dynamics model that includes spatial structure, and sex and age structure was therefore constructed and fitted to fisheries data for blue marlin, along with information on the relative density of the population over space derived from a habitat preference model that uses the oceanographic and biological variables sea-surface temperature, mixed layer depth, sea-surface height anomaly, and chlorophyll-a concentration. Monte Carlo simulation was then used to examine the estimation performance of the stock assessment method. Estimates of management-related quantities including current spawning stock biomass are substantially biased when the assessment method ignores seasonal movement and sexual dimorphism. We also found that (i) uncertainty about the relationship between catch rate and abundance influences estimation performance to a larger extent than uncertainty in catches, (ii) the outcomes of the assessment are sensitive to the values assumed for natural mortality and stock-recruitment steepness, and (iii) the ratio of current spawning stock biomass to that at pre-exploitation equilibrium appears to be the most robust among the quantities considered. We conclude that assessment methods for blue marlin in the Pacific Ocean need to take account of seasonal migration and sex structure to improve stock assessments. C1 [Su, Nan-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu; Yeh, Su-Zan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dinardo, Gerard] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture (Kaohsiung, Taiwan); National Science Council (Taipei, Taiwan) FX We thank the National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries (Shimizu, Japan) and the Overseas Fisheries Development Council (Taipei, Taiwan) for providing the Japanese and Taiwanese longline fisheries data, respectively. We also thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. This study was funded partially by the Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture (Kaohsiung, Taiwan) and the National Science Council (Taipei, Taiwan) through the grants to C.-L. Sun. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2011 VL 20 IS 5 BP 415 EP 433 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00593.x PG 19 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 803ZE UT WOS:000293621000006 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Temimi, M AF Krakauer, N. Y. Temimi, M. TI Stream recession curves and storage variability in small watersheds SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; GENERALIZED CROSS-VALIDATION; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; BASEFLOW RECESSION; SOIL-MOISTURE; FLOW RECESSION; LOESS-PLATEAU; LAND-SURFACE; CATCHMENTS; HYDROGRAPHS AB The pattern of streamflow recession after rain events offers clues about the relationship between watershed runoff (observable as river discharge) and water storage (not directly observable) and can help in water resource assessment and prediction. However, there have been few systematic assessments of how streamflow recession varies across flow rates and how it relates to independent assessments of terrestrial water storage. We characterized the streamflow recession pattern in 61 relatively undisturbed small watersheds (1-100 km(2)) across the coterminous United States with multiyear records of hourly streamflow from automated gauges. We used the North American Regional Reanalysis to help identify periods where precipitation, snowmelt, and evaporation were small compared to streamflow. The order of magnitude of the recession timescale increases from 1 day at high flow rates (similar to 1 mm h(-1)) to 10 days at low flow rates (similar to 0.01 mm h(-1)), leveling off at low flow rates. There is significant variability in the recession timescale at a given flow rate between basins, which correlates with climate and geomorphic variables such as the ratio of mean streamflow to precipitation and soil water infiltration capacity. Stepwise multiple regression was used to construct a six-variable predictive model that explained some 80% of the variance in recession timescale at high flow rates and 30-50% at low flow rates. Seasonal and interannual variability in inferred storage shows similar time evolution to regional-scale water storage variability estimated from GRACE satellite gravity data and from land surface modeling forced by observed meteorology, but is up to a factor of 10 smaller. Study of this discrepancy in the inferred storage amplitude may provide clues to the range of validity of the recession curve approach to relating runoff and storage. C1 [Krakauer, N. Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Temimi, M.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu FU NASA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162] FX GRACE land data were processed by Sean Swenson, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant number NA06OAR4810162. The statements contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or government, but reflect the views of the authors. NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 7 BP 2377 EP 2389 DI 10.5194/hess-15-2377-2011 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 799EW UT WOS:000293268200022 ER PT B AU Grell, G Fast, J Gustafson, WI Peckham, SE McKeen, S Salzmann, M Freitas, S AF Grell, Georg Fast, Jerome Gustafson, William I., Jr. Peckham, Steven E. McKeen, Stuart Salzmann, Marc Freitas, Saulo BE Baklanov, A Mahura, A Sokhi, RS TI On-Line Chemistry Within WRF: Description and Evaluation of a State-of-the-Art Multiscale Air Quality and Weather Prediction Model SO INTEGRATED SYSTEMS OF MESO-METEOROLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DEPOSITION; MECHANISM; PARAMETERIZATION; RESOLUTION; ENSEMBLE; SCHEMES; SYSTEMS; CLOUDS; OZONE C1 [Grell, Georg; Peckham, Steven E.; McKeen, Stuart] NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fast, Jerome; Gustafson, William I., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Salzmann, Marc] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Freitas, Saulo] Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. RP Grell, G (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Georg.A.Grell@noaa.gov; jerome.fast@pnl.gov; william.gustafson@pnl.gov; steven.peckham@noaa.gov; stuart.a.mckeen@noaa.gov; Marc.Salzmann@noaa.gov; saulo.freitas@cptec.inpe.br RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-13979-6 PY 2011 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13980-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13980-2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BTJ02 UT WOS:000287049400003 ER PT B AU Baklanov, A Grell, G Fay, B Finardi, S Foltescu, V Kaminski, J Sofiev, M Sokhi, RS Zhang, Y AF Baklanov, Alexander Grell, Georg Fay, Barbara Finardi, Sandro Foltescu, Valentin Kaminski, Jacek Sofiev, Mikhail Sokhi, Ranjeet S. Zhang, Yang BE Baklanov, A Mahura, A Sokhi, RS TI Summary and Recommendations on Integrated Modelling SO INTEGRATED SYSTEMS OF MESO-METEOROLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL TRANSPORT MODELS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Baklanov, Alexander] DMI, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Grell, Georg] NOAA, ESRL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fay, Barbara] German Weather Serv DWD, D-63067 Offenbach, Germany. [Finardi, Sandro] ARIANET Srl, I-20128 Milan, Italy. [Foltescu, Valentin] Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, S-10648 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kaminski, Jacek] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Atmospher Modelling & Data Assimilat Lab, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Sofiev, Mikhail] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Sokhi, Ranjeet S.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Zhang, Yang] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Baklanov, A (reprint author), DMI, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM alb@dmi.dk; Georg.A.Grell@noaa.gov; barbara.fay@dwd.de; s.finardi@aria-net.it; valentine.foltescu@naturvardsverket.se; jwk@wxprime.com; mikhail.sofiev@fmi.fi; r.s.sokhi@herts.ac.uk; yang_zhang@ncsu.edu; alb@dmi.dk; r.s.sokhi@herts.ac.uk RI Sofiev, Mikhail/F-7606-2016; OI Sofiev, Mikhail/0000-0001-9542-5746; Finardi, Sandro/0000-0002-9772-785X NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-13979-6 PY 2011 BP 229 EP 237 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13980-2_22 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13980-2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BTJ02 UT WOS:000287049400022 ER PT J AU Kruger, S Higgins, C Gallatin, G Brainard, R AF Kruger, Seth Higgins, Craig Gallatin, Gregg Brainard, Robert TI Lithography and Chemical Modeling of Acid Amplifiers for Use in EUV Photoresists SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid amplifier; EUV; photoresists; diffusion model; Z-Parameter ID RESISTS; DIFFUSION; PERFORMANCE; MOLECULES AB We postulate that the best way to simultaneously improve resolution, line edge roughness (LER), and sensitivity all in EUV resists is to increase the number of acid molecules generated per absorbed photon. In previous work, we showed that acid amplifiers (AAs) decompose auto-catalytically to effectively increase the amount or acid generated from each EUV photon. In this paper, we show that AAs can simultaneously give better sensitivity and lower LER to improve Z-Parameter up to 3X compared to resists without AA. Acid amplifiers must be thermally stable to prevent the creation of acid in unexposed regions of the resist film. We use thermally-programmed spectroscopic ellipsometry to measure the decomposition of AAs in resist films and to identify structural features that influence the stability of AAs. We also present the construction and utilization of a mathematical model that describes acid diffusion and acid amplifier decomposition in resist films. Using this model, we explored how the acid gradient between exposed and unexposed regions of a resist film is altered as a function of several variables; resist quantum yield, acid and base diffusion, AA and base loading, and AA decomposition kinetics. Out of the variables that were investigated, the model results are in general agreement with experimental results and demonstrate the potential for AAs to simultaneously improve resolution, LER and sensitivity. C1 [Kruger, Seth; Higgins, Craig; Brainard, Robert] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Gallatin, Gregg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kruger, S (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012 FU Intel Corporation FX The authors of this paper would like to thank Intel Corporation for partial financial support of this research. In particular, we thank Todd Younkin, Wang Yueh, and E. Steve Putna for guidance and useful discussions. We also thank Chuck Szmanda for developing early versions of this simple excel modeling method and we thank Brian Cardineau for being an indispensible part of our team. Lastly, we thank DuPont for supplying us with photoresist polymers. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 803VE UT WOS:000293609100005 ER PT S AU Gorshkov, KA Ostrovsky, LA Stepanyants, YA AF Gorshkov, Konstantin A. Ostrovsky, Lev A. Stepanyants, Yury A. BA Luo, ACJ Afraimovich, V BF Luo, ACJ Afraimovich, V TI Dynamics of Soliton Chains: From Simple to Complex and Chaotic Motions SO LONG-RANGE INTERACTIONS, STOCHASTICITY AND FRACTIONAL DYNAMICS SE Nonlinear Physical Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KADOMTSEV-PETVIASHVILI EQUATION; DISPERSIVE NONLINEAR-SYSTEM; TWO-DIMENSIONAL SOLITONS; INTERNAL SOLITONS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; STATIONARY SOLUTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; OSTROVSKY EQUATION; INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS; COUPLED STATES AB A brief review of soliton dynamics constituting one-dimensional periodic chains is presented. It is shown that depending on the governing equation, solitons may have either exponential or oscillatory-exponential decaying tails. Under certain conditions, solitons interaction can be considered within the framework of Newtonian equations describing the dynamics of classical particles. Collective behaviour of such particles forming a one-dimensional chain may be simple or complex and even chaotic. Specific features of soliton motions are presented for some popular models of nonlinear waves (Korteweg-de Vries, Toda, Benjamin-Ono, Kadomtsev-Petviashvili, and others). C1 [Gorshkov, Konstantin A.; Ostrovsky, Lev A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Ostrovsky, Lev A.] ZelTech NOAA ETL, Boulder, CO USA. [Stepanyants, Yury A.] Univ So Queensland, Fac Sci, Dept Math & Comp, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Gorshkov, KA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. EM Gorshkov@hydro.appl.scin-nov.ru; Lev.A.Ostrovsky@noaa.gov; Yury.Stepanyants@usq.edu.au NR 81 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1867-8459 BN 978-7-04-029188-9 J9 NONLINEAR PHYS SCI PY 2011 BP 177 EP 218 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12343-6 PG 42 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BUM02 UT WOS:000289757100005 ER PT J AU Schick, RS Halpin, PN Read, AJ Urban, DL Best, BD Good, CP Roberts, JJ LaBrecque, EA Dunn, C Garrison, LP Hyrenbach, KD McLellan, WA Pabst, DA Palka, DL Stevick, P AF Schick, R. S. Halpin, P. N. Read, A. J. Urban, D. L. Best, B. D. Good, C. P. Roberts, J. J. LaBrecque, E. A. Dunn, C. Garrison, L. P. Hyrenbach, K. D. McLellan, W. A. Pabst, D. A. Palka, D. L. Stevick, P. TI Community structure in pelagic marine mammals at large spatial scales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cetaceans; Group contrast Mantel test; Nonmetric dimensional scaling; Multivariate ordination; Northwest Atlantic Ocean ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HARBOR PORPOISES; PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT; OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CETACEAN HABITATS; DOLPHIN HABITATS AB The understanding of a species' niche is fundamental to the concept of ecology, yet relatively little work has been done on niches in pelagic marine mammal communities. Data collection on the distribution and abundance of marine mammals is costly, time consuming and complicated by logistical difficulties. Here we take advantage of a data archive comprising many different datasets on the distribution and abundance of cetaceans from Nova Scotia through the Gulf of Mexico in an effort to uncover community structure at large spatial scales (1000s of km). We constructed a multivariate ordination of the species data, tested for group structure that might exist within the ordination space, and determined how these groups might differ in environmental space. We examined 3 biogeographic regions: the oceanic waters north and south of Cape Hatteras, NC, and the Gulf of Mexico. North of Hatteras, we found 2 main groups split along a temperature and chlorophyll gradient, with most piscivores being found in cooler, more productive waters of the continental shelf, and most teuthivores being found farther offshore in warmer, less productive waters at the shelf break (200 m isobath). South of Hatteras, we found 3 groups, with the largest group being in warmer, lower chlorophyll waters that are closest to shore. In the Gulf of Mexico, we found 7 groups arrayed along a bottom depth gradient. We also tested the effect of taxonomically lumping different beaked whale species on ordination results. Results showed that when beaked whales were identified to the species level, they clustered out into distinct niches that are separate from those of other Odontocete groups. These results add to an increasing understanding of wildlife habitat associations and niche partitionings in the community structure of pelagic species, and provide important baseline information for future population monitoring efforts. C1 [Schick, R. S.; Halpin, P. N.; Read, A. J.; Urban, D. L.; Best, B. D.; Good, C. P.; Roberts, J. J.; LaBrecque, E. A.; Hyrenbach, K. D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Halpin, P. N.; Read, A. J.; Best, B. D.; Good, C. P.; LaBrecque, E. A.; Hyrenbach, K. D.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Dunn, C.] Bahamas Marine Mammal Res Org, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas. [Garrison, L. P.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33027 USA. [McLellan, W. A.; Pabst, D. A.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Palka, D. L.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stevick, P.] Univ So Maine, Biosci Res Inst, Portland, ME 04104 USA. RP Schick, RS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM robert.schick@duke.edu FU SERDP/DoD [W912HQ-04-C-0011]; James B. Duke Fellowship; Harvey L. Smith Dissertation Year Fellowship FX We thank 4 anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions considerably strengthened this manuscript. We also thank J. Oksanen for help with and minor tweaks to his already excellent vegan package in R; D. Dunn for help with the bathymetry layer in the overview maps; and R. Brady, Director of the Visualization Technology Group at Duke University, for help with the graphics. This work was partly supported by SERDP/DoD grant W912HQ-04-C-0011 to A.J.R. and P.N.H. as well as a James B. Duke Fellowship and a Harvey L. Smith Dissertation Year Fellowship to R.S.S. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 434 BP 165 EP U193 DI 10.3354/meps09183 PG 28 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 802TC UT WOS:000293532900013 ER PT J AU Ruttenberg, BI Granek, EF AF Ruttenberg, Benjamin I. Granek, Elise F. TI Bridging the marine-terrestrial disconnect to improve marine coastal zone science and management SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nearshore ecosystem; Terrestrial runoff; Marine management; Interdisciplinary science; Florida Keys; California Marine Life Protection Act ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FLORIDA-KEYS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; TROPHIC CASCADES; FOOD WEBS; COMMUNITIES; ECOLOGY; WATERS; CONTAMINATION; INTEGRATION AB Coastal zone ecosystems sit between larger terrestrial and marine environments and, therefore, are strongly affected by processes occurring in both systems. Marine coastal zone systems provide a range of benefits to humans, and yet many have been significantly degraded as a result of direct and indirect human impacts. Management efforts have been hampered by disconnects both between management and scientific research and across linked marine-terrestrial systems. Management jurisdictions often start or end at the shoreline, and multiple agencies at different levels of government often have overlapping or conflicting management goals or priorities, or suffer from a lack of knowledge or interest. Scientists also often fail to consider connections among linked marine-terrestrial systems, and communication among agencies, among scientists in different disciplines, and between scientists and managers is often inadequate. However, despite the institutional and scientific challenges inherent in improving coastal zone management, there are examples of increased coordination and cooperation among different organizations. We discuss a number of examples-including where the marine-terrestrial and science-management disconnects persist and where better integration has led to successes in coastal zone management-and provide recommendations to scientists and managers on how to better link their efforts in science and management across marine and terrestrial systems. C1 [Ruttenberg, Benjamin I.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Granek, Elise F.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Ruttenberg, BI (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM benjamin.ruttenberg@noaa.gov RI Ruttenberg, Benjamin/D-2556-2012 FU Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) Coastal Zone Joint Research Theme FX We thank J. Bohnsack, J. Schull, J. Serafy, and 4 anonymous reviewers for helpful discussions and useful feedback on earlier drafts that greatly improved this manuscript, and J. Blondeau for assistance mapping the complex jurisdictions of the Florida Keys. Thanks to M. Solan for the invitation to participate in this Theme Section. Open Access for the Theme Section on Coastal Zone Management is sponsored by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) Coastal Zone Joint Research Theme. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 434 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.3354/meps09132 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 802TC UT WOS:000293532900017 ER PT B AU Locascio, LE Reipa, V Zook, JM Pleus, RC AF Locascio, Laurie E. Reipa, Vytas Zook, Justin M. Pleus, Richard C. BE Murashow, V Howard, J TI Nanomaterial Toxicity: Emerging Standards and Efforts to Support Standards Development SO NANOTECHNOLOGY STANDARDS SE Nanostructure Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO; QUANTUM DOTS; NANOPARTICLES; CELLS C1 [Locascio, Laurie E.; Reipa, Vytas; Zook, Justin M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pleus, Richard C.] Intertox Inc, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Locascio, LE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM locascio@nist.gov; vytautas.reipa@nist.gov; justin.zook@nist.com; rcpleus@intertox.com NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7852-3 J9 NANOSTRUCT SCI TECHN PY 2011 BP 179 EP 208 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7853-0_8 PG 30 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTW13 UT WOS:000288229300008 ER PT B AU Vorburger, TV Silver, R Brodmann, R Brodmann, B Seewig, J AF Vorburger, Theodore V. Silver, Richard Brodmann, Rainer Brodmann, Boris Seewig, Joerg BE Leach, R TI Light Scattering Methods SO OPTICAL MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROUGHNESS-MEASURING INSTRUMENT; COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; MACHINED SURFACES; IMPLEMENTATION; REFLECTANCE; METROLOGY; GRATINGS; STANDARD; TEXTURE AB Light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface texture. Rather than relying on coordinate measurements of surface points, light scattering methods probe an area of the surface and yield parameters that are characteristic of the texture of the area as a whole. The specular beam intensity, the angle-resolved scatter and the angle-integrated scatter are examples of measurands from light scattering that can yield useful parameters of the surface texture. Uses of light scatter for inspecting the surfaces of mechanical and optical components as well as surfaces produced in semiconductor manufacturing are primarily reviewed here. Several documentary standards describing best practice are also briefly reviewed. C1 [Vorburger, Theodore V.; Silver, Richard] NIST, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brodmann, Rainer; Brodmann, Boris] OptoSurf GmbH, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. [Seewig, Joerg] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Vorburger, TV (reprint author), NIST, Div Precis Engn, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-12011-4 PY 2011 BP 287 EP 318 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-12012-1 PG 32 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BUU91 UT WOS:000290417300012 ER PT S AU Del Rio, FW Cook, RF AF Del Rio, Frank W. Cook, Robert F. BE Bhushan, B TI Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Conducting-Probe Atomic Force Microscopy Study SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOL 2 SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ALKYL THIOL MONOLAYERS; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; METAL JUNCTIONS; MICROMACHINED SURFACES; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; PROTEIN RESISTANCE AB The structure property relationships for methyl-terminated alkanethiol [CH3(CH2)(n-1)SH, where 17 is the number of carbons in the molecular chain] self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold substrates are considered, with a particular emphasis on using conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (CPAFM) to assess the mechanical and electrical properties and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to determine the molecular structure. CPAFM measurements are analyzed with an elastic adhesive contact model, modified by a first-order elastic perturbation method to account for substrate effects, and a parabolic tunneling model, appropriate for a metal insulator metal contact in which the insulator is extremely thin. NEXAFS carbon K-edge spectra are used to compute the dichroic ratio for each film, which provides a quantitative measure of the molecular structure. The combination of the two measurement methods provides clear property trends for this system over a wide range of n and a general methodology for the optimization of SAMs for micro- and nano-electromechanical systems, magnetic storage devices, and other applications. C1 [Del Rio, Frank W.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Del Rio, FW (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.delrio@nist.gov; robert.cook@nist.gov NR 136 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-642-10496-1 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2011 BP 439 EP 471 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8 PG 33 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy; Physics GA BUM06 UT WOS:000289757500015 ER PT S AU Nosonovsky, M Yang, SH Zhang, H AF Nosonovsky, Michael Yang, Seung-Ho Zhang, Huan BE Bhushan, B TI On the Sensitivity of the Capillary Adhesion Force to the Surface Roughness SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY IN NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOL 2 SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATOMIC-FORCE; ELASTIC SOLIDS; CONTACT; ASPERITY; FRICTION; BRIDGES; INSTABILITIES; NANOCONTACTS; MICROSCOPY; INTERFACES AB The adhesion force between rough surfaces in contact is significantly affected by nanoscale asperities. The dominant component of the adhesion force is the capillary force caused by condensed water menisci. The capillary force depends upon the meniscus shape and dimensions. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that a small change in surface roughness may result in a big change in the meniscus geometry and, consequently, in the adhesion force. This high sensitivity (or instability) of the adhesion force with respect to surface roughness has been overlooked by conventional contact mechanics models that consider adhesion, which assume that the effect of roughness is eliminated with decreasing size of roughness details. The date of atomic force microscopy confirms that the adhesion force between rough surfaces is not a stable function of the roughness. C1 [Nosonovsky, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Yang, Seung-Ho; Zhang, Huan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nosonovsky, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, EMS Bldg,Room E371G, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM nosonovs@uwm.edu; seung.yang@nist.gov; ZhangH@utrc.utc.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-642-10496-1 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2011 BP 573 EP 586 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8_20 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10497-8 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy; Physics GA BUM06 UT WOS:000289757500020 ER PT B AU Davila, JM Gopalswamy, N Thompson, BJ Bogdan, T Hapgood, M AF Davila, Joseph M. Gopalswamy, Nat Thompson, Barbara J. Bogdan, Tom Hapgood, Mike BE Miralles, MP Almeida, JS TI The International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) SO SUN, THE SOLAR WIND, AND THE HELIOSPHERE SE IAGA Special Sopron Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The International Heliophysical Year (IHY) provided a successful model for the deployment of arrays of small scientific instruments in new and scientifically interesting geographic locations, and outreach. The new International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) is designed to build on this momentum to promote the observation, understanding, and prediction space weather phenomena, and to communicate the scientific results to the public. C1 [Davila, Joseph M.; Gopalswamy, Nat] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bogdan, Tom] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hapgood, Mike] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Davila, JM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Joseph.M.Davila@nasa.gov; nat.gopalswamy@nasa.gov; Barbara.J.Thompson@nasa.gov; tom.bogdan@noaa.gov; hapgood@stst.ac.uk RI Thompson, Barbara/C-9429-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9786-6 J9 IAGA SPEC SOPRON PY 2011 VL 4 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9787-3_28 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9787-3 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUN20 UT WOS:000289819000028 ER PT S AU Wu, JC Martin, AF Greenberg, CS Kacker, RN AF Wu, Jin Chu Martin, Alvin F. Greenberg, Craig S. Kacker, Raghu N. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Uncertainties of Measures in Speaker Recognition Evaluation SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures II CY APR 27-28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Speaker recognition evaluation; Biometrics; Bootstrap; Uncertainty; Standard error; Confidence interval ID FINGERPRINT DATA; ROC-CURVE; AREA AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SRE) are an ongoing series of projects conducted by NIST. In the NIST SRE, speaker detection performance is measured using a detection cost function, which is defined as a weighted sum of probabilities of type I error and type II error. The sampling variability can result in measurement uncertainties of the detection cost function. Hence, while evaluating and comparing the performances of speaker recognition systems, the uncertainties of measures must be taken into account. In this article, the uncertainties of detection cost functions in terms of standard errors (SE) and confidence intervals are computed using the nonparametric two-sample bootstrap methods based on our extensive bootstrap variability studies on large datasets conducted before. The data independence is assumed because the bootstrap results of SEs matched very well with the analytical results of SEs using the Mann-Whitney statistic for independent and identically distributed samples if the metric of area under a receiver operating characteristic curve is employed. Examples are provided. C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.; Greenberg, Craig S.] NIST, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), NIST, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-614-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8040 AR 804008 DI 10.1117/12.883252 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWB21 UT WOS:000293339000003 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Rice, JP Wehner, E McMahon, R Livingston, E White, J Ufret-Vincenty, R Zuzak, KJ AF Allen, David W. Rice, Joseph P. Wehner, Eleanor McMahon, Robert Livingston, Edward White, Jonathan Ufret-Vincenty, Rafael Zuzak, Karel J. BE Douglass, MR Oden, PI TI An examination of spectral diversity of medical scenes for hyperspectral projection SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications III CY JAN 26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc DE Hyperspectral Imaging; DLP; DMD; Spectral Projection; Hyperspectral Image Projector AB There are numerous medical conditions which may benefit from hyperspectral imaging. The imagers used for these conditions will need to have the performance validated to ensure consistency, gain acceptance and clear regulatory hurdles. NIST has been developing a Digital Light Processing (DLP)-based Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP) for providing scenes with full spectral content in order to evaluate multispectral and hyperspectral imagers. In order for the scene to be projected, a dimensionality reduction is performed in order to project spectra efficiently. The number of eigenspectra needed to best represent a scene is an important part in the recombining of the image. This paper studies the spectral diversity between different medical scenes collected by a DLP* based hyperspectral imager. Knowledge gained from this study will help guide the methods used for hyperspectral image projection of medical scenes in the future. C1 [Allen, David W.; Rice, Joseph P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8469-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7932 AR 793205 DI 10.1117/12.877188 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWC57 UT WOS:000293450100005 ER PT S AU Gaulin, BD Gardner, JS AF Gaulin, Bruce D. Gardner, Jason S. BE Lacroix, C Mendels, P Mila, F TI Experimental Studies of Pyrochlore Antiferromagnets SO INTRODUCTION TO FRUSTRATED MAGNETISM: MATERIALS, EXPERIMENTS, THEORY SE Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEOMETRICALLY FRUSTRATED ANTIFERROMAGNET; TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; SPIN LIQUID; DIPOLAR INTERACTIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; HIGH-PRESSURE; TB2TI2O7; NEUTRON; DYNAMICS AB Antiferromagnetically-coupled spins on the apex of corner sharing tetrahedra have generated significant interest over the last 20 years. Here we will discuss the experimental studies, mostly neutron scattering, of the gadolinium and terbium based pyrochlore magnets, for the purpose of illustrating the diverse nature of ground states which can occur. C1 [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4C6, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Gardner, Jason S.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Gardner, Jason S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaulin, BD (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4C6, Canada. EM gaulin@mcmaster.ca; jsg@nist.gov NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-1873 BN 978-3-642-10588-3 J9 SPRINGER SER SOLID-S PY 2011 VL 164 BP 177 EP 206 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-10589-0 PG 30 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTI95 UT WOS:000287048300008 ER PT J AU Griffies, S AF Griffies, Stephen TI Preface to the Ocean Modelling special issue on ocean eddies SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Griffies, S (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Stephen.Griffies@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.03.005 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 799YN UT WOS:000293323100001 ER PT J AU Fox-Kemper, B Danabasoglu, G Ferrari, R Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Holland, MM Maltrud, ME Peacock, S Samuels, BL AF Fox-Kemper, B. Danabasoglu, G. Ferrari, R. Griffies, S. M. Hallberg, R. W. Holland, M. M. Maltrud, M. E. Peacock, S. Samuels, B. L. TI Parameterization of mixed layer eddies. III: Implementation and impact in global ocean climate simulations SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Submesoscale; Parameterization; Mixed layer; Boundary layer; Climate model ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SUBMESOSCALE TRANSITION; PART II; PLANKTON DYNAMICS; FINITE-VOLUME; EDDY FLUXES; MESOSCALE; FRONTS; RESTRATIFICATION AB A parameterization for the restratification by finite-amplitude, submesoscale, mixed layer eddies, formulated as an overturning streamfunction, has been recently proposed to approximate eddy fluxes of density and other tracers. Here, the technicalities of implementing the parameterization in the coarse-resolution ocean component of global climate models are made explicit, and the primary impacts on model solutions of implementing the parameterization are discussed. Three global ocean general circulation models including this parameterization are contrasted with control simulations lacking the parameterization. The MLE parameterization behaves as expected and fairly consistently in models differing in discretization, boundary layer mixing, resolution, and other parameterizations. The primary impact of the parameterization is a shoaling of the mixed layer, with the largest effect in polar winter regions. Secondary impacts include strengthening the Atlantic meridional overturning while reducing its variability, reducing CFC and tracer ventilation, modest changes to sea surface temperature and air-sea fluxes, and an apparent reduction of sea ice basal melting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fox-Kemper, B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci ATOC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Danabasoglu, G.; Holland, M. M.; Peacock, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ferrari, R.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Griffies, S. M.; Hallberg, R. W.; Samuels, B. L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Maltrud, M. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Fox-Kemper, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bfk@colorado.edu RI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013 OI Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048; Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956 NR 99 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.09.002 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 799YN UT WOS:000293323100006 ER PT J AU McBride, PJ Schmidt, KS Pilewskie, P Kittelman, AS Wolfe, DE AF McBride, P. J. Schmidt, K. S. Pilewskie, P. Kittelman, A. S. Wolfe, D. E. TI A spectral method for retrieving cloud optical thickness and effective radius from surface-based transmittance measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; LIQUID WATER; MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; AEROSOL; DEPTH; VAPOR; INSTRUMENT; SCATTERING AB We introduce a new spectral method for the retrieval of optical thickness and effective radius from cloud transmittance that relies on the spectral slope of the normalized transmittance between 1565 nm and 1634 nm, and on cloud transmittance at a visible wavelength. The standard dual-wavelength technique, which is traditionally used in reflectance-based retrievals, is ill-suited for transmittance because it lacks sensitivity to effective radius, especially for optically thin clouds. Using the spectral slope rather than the transmittance itself enhances the sensitivity of transmittance observations with respect to the effective radius. This is demonstrated by applying it to the moderate spectral resolution observations from the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and Shortwave Spectroradiometer (SWS), and by examining the retrieval uncertainties of the standard and the spectral method for data from the DOE ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site and a NOAA ship cruise (ICEALOT). The liquid water path (LWP) is derived from the retrieved optical thickness and effective radius, based on two different assumptions about the cloud vertical profile, and compared to the simultaneous observations from a microwave radiometer. Optical thickness and effective radius is also compared to MODIS retrievals. In general, the effective radius uncertainties were much larger for the standard retrieval than for the spectral retrieval, particularly for thin clouds. When defining 2 mu m as upper limit for the tolerable uncertainty of the effective radius, the standard method returned only very few valid retrievals for clouds with an optical thickness below 25. For the analyzed ICEALOT data (mean optical thickness 23), the spectral method provided valid retrievals for 84% of the data (24% for the standard method). For the SGP data (mean optical thickness 44), both methods provided a high return of 90% for the spectral method and 78% for the standard method. C1 [McBride, P. J.; Schmidt, K. S.; Pilewskie, P.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McBride, P. J.; Pilewskie, P.; Kittelman, A. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolfe, D. E.] Div Phys Sci, Weather & Climate Phys Branch, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McBride, PJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.mcbride@colorado.edu RI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/C-1258-2013 OI SCHMIDT, KONRAD SEBASTIAN/0000-0003-3899-228X FU NASA [NNX08AI83G]; NOAA [NA06OAR4310085] FX This work was supported under NASA grant NNX08AI83G and NOAA grant NA06OAR4310085. The manuscript has gained tremendously from the reviewer's suggestions, which also encouraged the authors to improve the retrieval in the near future. We thank Warren Gore and Antony Trias from NASA Ames for their continued and reliable support of the SSFR during field missions. The SWS was built at NASA Ames for the SGP ARM site. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 14 BP 7235 EP 7252 DI 10.5194/acp-11-7235-2011 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 797KI UT WOS:000293125100029 ER PT J AU Rowe, MD Fairall, CW Perlinger, JA AF Rowe, M. D. Fairall, C. W. Perlinger, J. A. TI Chemical sensor resolution requirements for near-surface measurements of turbulent fluxes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WATER EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST; PARAMETERIZATION; GAS; DISJUNCT; MERCURY AB Businger and Delany (1990) presented an approach to estimate the sensor resolution required to limit the contribution of the uncertainty in the chemical concentration measurement to uncertainty in the flux measurement to 10% for eddy covariance, gradient, and relaxed eddy accumulation flux measurement methods. We describe an improvement to their approach to estimate required sensor resolution for the covariance method, and include disjunct eddy covariance. In addition, we provide data to support selection of a form for the dimensionless scalar standard deviation similarity function based on observations of the variance of water vapor fluctuations from recent field experiments. We also redefine the atmospheric parameter of Businger and Delany in a more convenient, dimensionless form. We introduce a "chemical parameter" based on transfer velocity parameterizations. Finally, we provide examples in which the approach is applied to measurement of carbon dioxide, dimethylsulfide, and hexachlorobenzene fluxes over water. The information provided here will be useful to plan field measurements of atmosphere-surface exchange fluxes of trace gases. C1 [Rowe, M. D.; Perlinger, J. A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rowe, MD (reprint author), US EPA, 9311 Groh Rd, Grosse Ile, MI 48138 USA. EM rowe.mark@epa.gov OI Rowe, Mark/0000-0002-0852-3346 FU NOAA; NOAA Climate Observations Division FX C. Fairall's contributions are supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and the NOAA Climate Observations Division. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 11 BP 5263 EP 5275 DI 10.5194/acp-11-5263-2011 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 777PT UT WOS:000291636400010 ER PT J AU Vervoort, W Henry, LA Nizinski, MS AF Vervoort, W. Henry, L. -A. Nizinski, M. S. TI Redescription of the leptothecate hydroid Halecium macrocephalum Allman, 1877 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE hydroids; Haleciidae; cold-water corals ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; ASSEMBLAGES; BERMUDA AB Hydroids are a species-rich component of the benthic fauna inhabiting deep, cold-water coral habitats. Fertile colonies of the leptothecate species Halecium macrocephalum Allman, 1877 collected from cold-water coral habitats off the southeastern USA exhibited morphologically peculiar male gonophores, distinct from those described and illustrated for the holotype. We redescribe H. macrocephalum based on this new material, and consider the gonophores of the holotype to be either damaged or immature. Following re-examination of non-type material (the holotype being lost), we characterize H. macrocephalum as a strictly subtropical western North Atlantic bathyal species, occurring between North Carolina and Florida, the Straits of Florida inclusive of the Bahamas, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico including the Tortugas. This study also provides a taxonomic distinction between H. macrocephalum and its morphologically similar Southern Ocean congener, Halecium jaederholmi Vervoort, 1972. C1 [Henry, L. -A.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Vervoort, W.] Natl Nat Hist Museum Nat, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands. [Nizinski, M. S.] NOAA, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henry, LA (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Biotechnol, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM l.henry@hw.ac.uk FU EC [MIF1-CT-2004-002469, 226354] FX The authors wish to thank Adam Baldinger and Ardis Johnston of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, Patricia Sadeghian at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and Geoff Keel at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution for providing us with station data and specimen loans to aid our work, and Steve Ross for providing the recent submersible-based specimens. Mary Arai and Dale Calder kindly helped to locate lost and archived hydroid material. Cheryl Ames provided technical support. The manuscript greatly benefitted from comments by two anonymous reviewers and editorial suggestions from Louise Allcock. Funding for L-A. Henry was provided by a Marie Curie fellowship through the EC FP6 Programme "Structuring the European Research Area" (contract no. MIF1-CT-2004-002469) and the EC FP7 Integrated Project HERMIONE (contract no. 226354). Finally, the last two authors would like to respectfully acknowledge the significant contributions and advances in hydrozoan systematics and taxonomy made by Prof. Willem Vervoort; his highly productive and respected scientific authority will be greatly missed. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2011 VL 45 IS 33-34 BP 2095 EP 2104 DI 10.1080/00222933.2011.582967 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 793KU UT WOS:000292821600003 ER PT J AU Musyl, MK Domeier, ML Nasby-Lucas, N Brill, RW McNaughton, LM Swimmer, JY Lutcavage, MS Wilson, SG Galuardi, B Liddle, JB AF Musyl, M. K. Domeier, M. L. Nasby-Lucas, N. Brill, R. W. McNaughton, L. M. Swimmer, J. Y. Lutcavage, M. S. Wilson, S. G. Galuardi, B. Liddle, J. B. TI Performance of pop-up satellite archival tags SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Argos; Logistic regression; Risk; Cox proportional hazards; Meta-analysis; Odds ratio; Kaplan-Meier; Survival analysis; PSAT ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; MARLIN TETRAPTURUS-ALBIDUS; SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHARKS CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; TRANSMITTING PAT TAGS; SAILFISH ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; EELS ANGUILLA-DIEFFENBACHII AB Pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) are used to chronicle or 'archive' the habitat preferences, horizontal and vertical movements, fishery interaction, and post-release mortality rates of a variety of pelagic animals. Though PSATs are valuable research tools, lower-than-expected reporting rates, early detachment, and incomplete data return remain problematic. These issues were quantified by analysis of reporting rates, retention times (i.e. the time period PSATs remained attached), and the quantity of depth, temperature, and geolocation data returned from 731 PSAT deployments on 19 species in the authors' database and 1433 PSAT deployments on 24 species taken from 53 published articles. The reporting rate of PSATs deployed by the authors (0.79, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.82) was not significantly different from the reporting rate calculated from published studies (0.76, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.78). PSAT reporting rates were lowest in species undertaking large (similar to 1000 m) vertical excursions (logistic regression, p = 0.006), and reporting rates have increased significantly over time (p = 0.02), presumably because of better PSAT design and construction. Tag retention increased with depth range of the tagged species and pop-off latitude (Cox proportional hazards models, p < 0.001), suggesting that pressure (and/or temperature), biofouling, and wound infection at the insertion site of the PSAT's anchoring device influenced this parameter. The quantity of data re turned by Argos satellites was affected by tag production year, programmed pop-up period, depth range, and manufacturer. Species-specific reporting rates were used to make recommendations for future PSAT sampling designs. [GRAPHICS] Deploying a prototype pop-up tag with explosive release (insets) on an Indo-Pacific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus. C1 [Musyl, M. K.; McNaughton, L. M.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Domeier, M. L.; Nasby-Lucas, N.] Marine Conservat Sci Inst, Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA. [Brill, R. W.] NOAA, NMFS NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Swimmer, J. Y.] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lutcavage, M. S.; Wilson, S. G.; Galuardi, B.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Liddle, J. B.] Univ Alaska SE, Dept Math, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Liddle, J. B.] Liddle & Lee LLC, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. RP Musyl, MK (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Kewalo Res Facil, NOAA, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM musyl@hawaii.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawaii [NA37RJ0199, NA67RJ0154] FX This project was funded by Cooperative Agreements NA37RJ0199 and NA67RJ0154 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawaii. Mahalos to J. Sibert and D. Lau, Pelagic Fisheries Research Program, JIMAR, and to C. Boggs and K. Bigelow, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu (HI) for their support of the project. A. Au, head librarian at PIFSC, provided exceptional help with tracking down obscure reports and articles, which was greatly appreciated. C. Boggs, K. Bigelow and B. Walsh provided comments on an early draft and J. Sibert, K. Holland, M. McCracken, T. Quinn and B. Meeker offered suggestions that improved the study. Four anonymous referees made constructive comments that improved the manuscript. NR 169 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 433 BP 1 EP U58 DI 10.3354/meps09202 PG 56 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 794JB UT WOS:000292890400001 ER EF