FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chiang, TL Wu, CR Oey, LY AF Chiang, Tzu-Ling Wu, Chau-Ron Oey, Lie-Yauw TI Typhoon Kai-Tak: An Ocean's Perfect Storm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; HURRICANE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; WINDS AB An unusually intense sea surface temperature drop (Delta SST) of about 10.8 degrees C induced by the Typhoon Kai-Tak is observed in the northern South China Sea (SCS) in July 2000. Observational and high-resolution SCS model analyses were carried out to study the favorable conditions and relevant physical processes that cause the intense surface cooling by Kai-Tak. Upwelling and entrainment induced by Kai-Tak account for 62% and 31% of the Delta SST, respectively, so that upwelling dominates vertical entrainment in producing the surface cooling for a subcritical storm such as Kai-Tak. However, wind intensity and propagation speed alone cannot account for the large Delta SST. Prior to Kai-Tak, the sea surface was anomalously warm and the main thermocline was anomalously shallow. The cause was a delayed transition of winter to summer monsoon in the northern SCS in May 2000. This produced an anomalously strong wind stress curl and a cold eddy capped by a thin layer of very warm surface water west of Luzon. Kai-Tak was the ocean's perfect storm in passing over the eddy at the "right time," producing the record SST drop and high chlorophyll-a concentration. C1 [Chiang, Tzu-Ling; Wu, Chau-Ron] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wu, CR (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88,Sect 4,Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan. EM cwu@ntnu.edu.tw FU National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC [NSC 98-2111-M-003-002-MY2, NSC 98-2628-M-003-001] FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. C.-R. Wu is supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC, under Grants NSC 98-2111-M-003-002-MY2 and NSC 98-2628-M-003-001. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 221 EP 233 DI 10.1175/2010JPO4518.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 719QB UT WOS:000287222200013 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Karp, JM Langer, RS AF Chan, Edwin P. Karp, Jeffrey M. Langer, Robert S. TI A "Self-Pinning" Adhesive Based on Responsive Surface Wrinkles SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; adhesives; biomaterials; hydrogels; stimuli-sensitive polymers; surfaces; swelling ID CREASING INSTABILITY; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGELS; PATTERNS; CONTACT; GELS AB Surface wrinkles are interesting since they form spontaneously into well-defined patterns. The mechanism of formation is well-studied and is associated with the development of a critical compressive stress that induces the elastic instability. In this work, we demonstrate surface wrinkles that dynamically change in response to a stimulus can improve interfacial adhesion with a hydrogel surface through the dynamic evolution of the wrinkle morphology. We observe that this control is related to the local pinning of the crack separation pathway facilitated by the surface wrinkles during debonding, which is dependent on the contact time with the hydrogel. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 40-44, 2011 C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Karp, Jeffrey M.; Langer, Robert S.] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Karp, Jeffrey M.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Regenerat Therapeut, Dept Med,Med Sch, Cambridge, MA 02319 USA. [Karp, Jeffrey M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Langer, Robert S.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; jkarp@rics.bwh.harvard.edu; rlanger@mit.edu RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011 FU NSF NIRT [0609182]; NIH [DE013023, GM086433]; CIMIT through the U.S. Army [W81XWH-07-2-0011]; Commonwealth of Massachusetts through the Technology Transfer Center at the University of Massachusetts; American Heart Association [0835601D] FX The authors thank Christopher M. Stafford at NIST Polymers Division for the use of the contact adhesion test instrument. EPC would like to thank Alfred J. Crosby for helpful suggestions. Funding is provided by the NSF NIRT grant 0609182 and NIH grant DE013023 to RL, CIMIT through the U.S. Army grant W81XWH-07-2-0011 and NIH GM086433 to JMK. This work was also supported in part by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts through the Technology Transfer Center at the University of Massachusetts to JMK. American Heart Association Grant 0835601D to JMK. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 46 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1002/polb.22165 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 694RF UT WOS:000285314600005 PM 21293787 ER PT J AU Liao, WL Heo, GY Dodder, NG Reem, RE Mast, N Huang, S DiPatre, PL Turko, IV Pikuleva, IA AF Liao, Wei-Li Heo, Gun-Young Dodder, Nathan G. Reem, Rachel E. Mast, Natalia Huang, Suber DiPatre, Pier Luigi Turko, Illarion V. Pikuleva, Irina A. TI Quantification of Cholesterol-Metabolizing P450s CYP27A1 and CYP46A1 in Neural Tissues Reveals a Lack of Enzyme-Product Correlations in Human Retina but Not Human Brain SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CYP27A1; CYP46A1; absolute quantification; multiple reaction monitoring; mass spectrometry; membrane protein; human brain; human retina ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYTOCHROME-P450 46A1; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; HOMEOSTASIS; 24S-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL; 24-HYDROXYLASE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; CIRCULATION AB Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP or P450) 46A1 and 27A1 play important roles in cholesterol elimination from the brain and retina, respectively, yet they have not been quantified in human organs because of their low abundance and association with membrane. On the basis of our previous development of a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) workflow for measurements of low-abundance membrane proteins, we quantified CYP46A1 and CYP27A1 in human brain and retina samples from four donors. These enzymes were quantified in the total membrane pellet, a fraction of the whole tissue homogenate, using (15)N-labled recombinant P450s as internal standards. The average P450 concentrations/mg of total tissue protein were 345 fmol of CYP46A1 and 110 fmol of CYP27A1 in the temporal lobe, and 60 fmol of CYP46A1 and 490 fmol of CYP27A1 in the retina. The corresponding P450 metabolites were then measured in the same tissue samples and compared to the P450 enzyme concentrations. Investigation of the enzyme product relationships and analysis of the P450 measurements based on different signature peptides revealed a possibility of retina-specific post-translational modification of CYP27A1. The data obtained provide important insights into the mechanisms of cholesterol elimination from different neural tissues. C1 [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Dodder, Nathan G.; Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heo, Gun-Young; Reem, Rachel E.; Mast, Natalia; Huang, Suber; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Huang, Suber] Univ Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [DiPatre, Pier Luigi] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM turko@umbi.umd.edu; iap8@case.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383, AG024336]; Visual Sciences Training Program [T32 EY07157]; Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation FX The authors thank Tonya Sims, Somier McLaughlin and the Cleveland Eye Bank for assistance in eye tissue acquisition, Dr. M. Shimoji for help in sample preparation, and Dr. I. Bederman for help in measuring the cholesterol metabolites. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (EY018383 and AG024336 to I.A.P.) and postdoctoral research training fellowship T32 EY07157 from the Visual Sciences Training Program (to R.E.R). I.A.P is also a recipient of the Jules and Doris Stein Professorship from the Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1021/pr1008898 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 701IQ UT WOS:000285812000029 PM 21049985 ER PT J AU Splett, JD Vecchia, DF Goodrich, LF AF Splett, J. D. Vecchia, D. F. Goodrich, L. F. TI A Comparison of Methods for Computing the Residual Resistivity Ratio of High-Purity Niobium SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryogenic; electrical resistivity; Kohler's rule; magneto-resistance; residual resistivity ratio; superconductor AB We compare methods for estimating the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of high-purity niobium and investigate the effects of using different functional models. RRR is typically defined as the ratio of the electrical resistances measured at 273 K (the ice point) and 4.2 K (the boiling point of helium at standard atmospheric pressure). However, pure niobium is superconducting below about 9.3 K, so the low-temperature resistance is defined as the normal-state (i.e., non-superconducting state) resistance extrapolated to 4.2 K and zero magnetic field. Thus, the estimated value of RRR depends significantly on the model used for extrapolation. We examine three models for extrapolation based on temperature versus resistance, two models for extrapolation based on magnetic field versus resistance, and a new model based on the Kohler relationship that can be applied to combined temperature and field data. We also investigate the possibility of re-defining RRR so that the quantity is not dependent on extrapolation. C1 [Splett, J. D.; Vecchia, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Splett, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jsplett@boulder.nist.gov; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov; vecchia@boulder.nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics FX The authors thank Dr. Hari Iyer and Dr. Jack Wang for their very helpful discussion regarding the statistical methodology used in this paper. The authors thank S. Sparkowich (ATI Wah Chang) for providing annealed pure niobium samples for this study. 1 This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 116 IS 1 BP 489 EP 504 DI 10.6028/jres.116.001 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 734FY UT WOS:000288321200001 PM 26989580 ER PT J AU Cooksey, C Datla, R AF Cooksey, Catherine Datla, Raju TI Workshop on Bridging Satellite Climate Data Gaps SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; climate data gaps; remote sensing satellite data; SI traceability ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE AB Detecting the small signals of climate change for the most essential climate variables requires that satellite sensors make highly accurate and consistent measurements. Data gaps in the time series (such as gaps resulting from launch delay or failure) and inconsistencies in radiometric scales between satellites undermine the credibility of fundamental climate data records, and can lead to erroneous analysis in climate change detection. To address these issues, leading experts in Earth observations from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA), United States Geological Survey (USGS), and academia assembled at the National Institute of Standards and Technology on December 10, 2009 for a workshop to prioritize strategies for bridging and mitigating data gaps in the climate record. This paper summarizes the priorities for ensuring data continuity of variables relevant to climate change in the areas of atmosphere, land, and ocean measurements and the recommendations made at the workshop for overcoming planned and unplanned gaps in the climate record. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine; Datla, Raju] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.cooksey@nist.gov; raju.datla@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 116 IS 1 BP 505 EP 516 DI 10.6028/jres.116.002 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 734FY UT WOS:000288321200002 PM 26989581 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Maximum Likelihood and Restricted Likelihood Solutions in Multiple-Method Studies SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DerSimonian-Laird estimator; Groebner basis; heteroscedasticity; interlaboratory studies; iteration scheme; Mandel-Paule algorithm; meta-analysis; parametrized solutions; polynomial equations; random effects model ID WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; VARIANCES; ALGORITHM; SAMPLE AB A formulation of the problem of combining data from several sources is discussed in terms of random effects models. The unknown measurement precision is assumed not to be the same for all methods. We investigate maximum likelihood solutions in this model. By representing the likelihood equations as simultaneous polynomial equations, the exact form of the Groebner basis for their stationary points is derived when there are two methods. A parametrization of these solutions which allows their comparison is suggested. A numerical method for solving likelihood equations is outlined, and an alternative to the maximum likelihood method, the restricted maximum likelihood, is studied. In the situation when methods variances are considered to be known an upper bound on the between-method variance is obtained. The relationship between likelihood equations and moment-type equations is also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 116 IS 1 BP 539 EP 556 DI 10.6028/jres.116.004 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 734FY UT WOS:000288321200004 PM 26989583 ER PT J AU Spitzer, P Pratt, KW AF Spitzer, Petra Pratt, Kenneth W. TI The history and development of a rigorous metrological basis for pH measurements SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE pH; Potentiometry; Metrology; Traceability; Reference standard; Primary measurement; Differential cell ID STANDARDIZATION; CHLORIDE; RECOMMENDATIONS; ELECTROLYTES; DEFINITION; ELECTRODES; ACCURATE; VALUES; POINT; ACID AB This paper discusses the basis and historical development of the traceability chain for pH. The quantity pH, first introduced in 1909, is among the most frequently measured analytical quantities. The practical measurement of the pH value of a sample is inexpensive, easy to perform, and yields a rapid result. However, the problems posed by the traceability of pH are not easy to solve. Most pH measurements are performed by potentiometry, using a glass electrode as the pH sensor. Such pH electrodes must be calibrated at regular intervals. Confidence in the reliability of pH measurements requires establishment of a metrological hierarchy including an uncertainty budget for calibration that links the pH measured in the sample to an internationally agreed and stated reference. For pH, this reference is the primary measurement of pH. A traceability chain can be established that links field measurements of pH to primary buffer solutions that are certified using this primary method. This allows the user in the field to estimate the measurement uncertainty of the measured pH data. As the realization of the primary measurement is sophisticated and time-consuming, primary standards are generally realized at national metrology institutes. A number of potentiometric methods are suitable for the determination of the pH of reference buffer solutions by comparison with the primary standard buffers. The choice between the methods should be made according to the uncertainty required for the application. For reference buffer solutions that have the same nominal composition as the primary standard, the differential potentiometric cell, often called the Baucke cell, is recommended. C1 [Spitzer, Petra] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Pratt, Kenneth W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spitzer, P (reprint author), PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM petra.spitzer@ptb.de NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-8488 J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR JI J. Solid State Electrochem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10008-010-1106-9 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 722TH UT WOS:000287457300007 ER PT J AU Jech, JM AF Jech, J. Michael TI Interpretation of multi-frequency acoustic data: Effects of fish orientation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; TARGET-STRENGTH; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; SOUND-SCATTERING; BACKSCATTERING; FREQUENCIES; ABUNDANCE; SIZE; DISCRIMINATION; ZOOPLANKTON AB One goal of fisheries acoustics is to develop objective classification or identification methods to automate allocation of acoustic backscatter to species. Classification schemes rely on consistent relationships for successful apportionment of acoustic backscatter to species. A method is developed that compares frequency-dependent volume backscatter from an acoustical survey of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) to investigate the potential for classifying herring. Predicted backscattering patterns by a Kirchhoff-ray approximation are used to explain the observed relationships and evaluate the potential for classification of multi-frequency data. Combining predicted backscatter with observations of the frequency-dependent volume backscatter gave approximately 40% classification success, which is not sufficient for survey purposes. However, this method highlighted potential consequences that fish orientation may have on classification schemes and density and abundance estimates. This method of comparing multi-frequency volume backscatter appears to be beneficial for detecting behavioral changes by groups of fish, which may be used to select target strength values for density or abundance estimates. Utilizing predicted target strengths from numerical or analytical solutions or approximations, appropriate target strengths could be selected and would provide more accurate estimates of fish density and abundance. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3514382] C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Jech, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.jech@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries (NOAA/NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center FX The author thanks the crew and scientists who assisted in collection and processing of acoustic and biological data collected on the FRV DELAWARE II. The author would like to thank anonymous reviewers and the associate editor whose input improved this work. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries (NOAA/NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP 54 EP 63 DI 10.1121/1.3514382 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 716DE UT WOS:000286944600013 PM 21302987 ER PT J AU Stimpert, AK Au, WWL Parks, SE Hurst, T Wiley, DN AF Stimpert, Alison K. Au, Whitlow W. L. Parks, Susan E. Hurst, Thomas Wiley, David N. TI Common humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) sound types for passive acoustic monitoring SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SONGS; SONAR; VOCALIZATIONS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC; HAWAII AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are one of several baleen whale species in the Northwest Atlantic that coexist with vessel traffic and anthropogenic noise. Passive acoustic monitoring strategies can be used in conservation management, but the first step toward understanding the acoustic behavior of a species is a good description of its acoustic repertoire. Digital acoustic tags (DTAGs) were placed on humpback whales in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary to record and describe the non-song sounds being produced in conjunction with foraging activities. Peak frequencies of sounds were generally less than 1 kHz, but ranged as high as 6 kHz, and sounds were generally less than 1 s in duration. Cluster analysis distilled the dataset into eight groups of sounds with similar acoustic properties. The two most stereotyped and distinctive types ("wops" and "grunts") were also identified aurally as candidates for use in passive acoustic monitoring. This identification of two of the most common sound types will be useful for moving forward conservation efforts on this Northwest Atlantic feeding ground. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3504708] C1 [Stimpert, Alison K.; Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Parks, Susan E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. [Hurst, Thomas] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Adv Engn Labs, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wiley, David N.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. RP Stimpert, AK (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. EM stimpert@hawaii.edu RI Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014 OI Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); University of Hawaii Sea Grant College, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology [NA05OAR4171048]; NOAA [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-07-32] FX Research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit No. 981-1707-00 and in accordance with animal care and use guidelines in the United States. We thank Eva-Marie Nosal and Danielle Cholewiak for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and also numerous field volunteers and colleagues for assistance in data collection. This paper was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Marine Sanctuaries Program. It was also sponsored in part by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, under Institutional Grant No. NA05OAR4171048 from the NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, and is publication no. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-07-32. This is also Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology contribution No. 1400. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 36 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP 476 EP 482 DI 10.1121/1.3504708 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 716DE UT WOS:000286944600053 PM 21303027 ER PT J AU Siegel, JB Lin, XF Stefanopoulou, AG Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Gorsich, D AF Siegel, Jason B. Lin, Xinfan Stefanopoulou, Anna G. Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Gorsich, David TI Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in LFP Pouch Cell Battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION BATTERIES; RADIOGRAPHY; DETECTORS; PEMFC AB This paper shows how neutron radiography can be used for in situ quantification of the lithium concentration across battery electrodes, a critical physical system state. The change in lithium concentration between the charged and discharged states of the battery causes a change in number of detected neutrons after passing through the battery. Electrode swelling is also observed during battery charging. The experimental setup and the observations from testing a pouch cell with LFP cathode and graphite anode are reported here. The bulk Li concentration across the electrode and folds of the pouch cell is quantified at various states of charge. To interpret the measurements, the optics of the neutron beam (geometric unsharpness) and detector resolution are considered in order to quantify the lithium concentration from the images due to the thinness of the electrode layers. The experimental methodology provides a basis for comprehensive in situ metrology of bulk lithium concentration. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3566341] All rights reserved. C1 [Siegel, Jason B.; Lin, Xinfan; Stefanopoulou, Anna G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorsich, David] USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Siegel, JB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM siegeljb@umich.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Siegel, Jason/0000-0003-2824-013X FU Ford Motor Company (Ford); Automotive Research Center (ARC) FX The authors thank Dr. Ding from TARDEC; Patrick Hagan, Maha Hammoud, and Danny King from A123 systems; Eli Baltic from the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory; and Levi Thompson, Xiaohui Chen, Binay Prasad, Sun Bo Hwang, and Saemin Choi from the University of Michigan. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work has been partially supported by the Ford Motor Company (Ford/UMICH Alliance Project) and by the Automotive Research Center (ARC) a U.S. Army center of excellence in modeling and simulation of ground vehicles. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 45 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 5 BP A523 EP A529 DI 10.1149/1.3566341 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 741ML UT WOS:000288867700013 ER PT J AU Hwang, SM Bonevich, JE Kim, JJ Moffat, TP AF Hwang, Sun-Mi Bonevich, John E. Kim, Jae Jeong Moffat, Thomas P. TI Formic Acid Oxidation on Pt100-xPbx Thin Films Electrodeposited on Au SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN METAL MONOLAYERS; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; PTPB/C CATALYST; CO ADSORPTION; SURFACES; PT(111); HCOOH AB Electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation is examined on electrodeposited Pt100-xPbx thin films grown on textured Au(111). Metastable fcc Pt100-xPbx (0 < x atom % < 50) films exhibit significantly enhanced catalysis for formic acid oxidation relative to Pt films of similar roughness. At - 0.15 V SCE an enhancement factor in excess of 100 is evident between Pt83Pb17 and Pt films of similar roughness. Electrodeposition of near stoichiometric PtPb thin films yields a smooth compact surface that exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity relative to a Pt electrode. X-ray diffraction reveals a P6(3)/mmc intermetallic phase while TEM indicates the formation of fcc Pt100-xPbx lattice with dimensions almost lattice matched to Au(111) and/or Pt3Pb. After considering the surface roughness, the electrocatalytic activity of the compact PtPb and rough metastable fcc phase are similar in magnitude. Durability was examined by chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. The Pb-rich and PtPb films are substantially dealloyed particularly at higher potentials. The dealloyed structure still exhibits significant electrocatalytic behavior that is presumably related to Pb upd on available Pt surface sites. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3599913] All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Bonevich, John E.; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Hwang, SM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 8 BP B1019 EP B1028 DI 10.1149/1.3599913 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 784JV UT WOS:000292154300021 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Wu, CM Hsu, D Wang, CW Wang, CJ Li, WH Yang, CC Sun, JR Lynn, JW AF Lee, Chi-Hung Wu, Chun-Ming Hsu, Daniel Wang, Chin-Wei Wang, Chih-Jen Li, Wen-Hsien Yang, Chun-Chuen Sun, Jirong Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Neutron Diffraction Study of the Mn Spin Correlations in Bi0.46Ca0.54Mn0.95Cr0.05O3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE CMR; neutron powder diffraction; magnetic correlation; magnetic structure AB The magnetic and transport properties of 5% Cr-doped Bi0.46Ca0.54Mn0.95Cr0.05O3 have been investigated using magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron diffraction measurements. The compound crystallizes into an orthorhombic Pbnm symmetry. Charge ordering is revealed below 285 K. The thermal behavior of the charge transport can be described by three-dimensional variable range hopping conduction. The Mn spins become ordered below 90 K, which is significantly lower than the value of 140 K reported for the Cr-free compound. However, short-range magnetic correlations persist up to much higher temperatures. C1 [Lee, Chi-Hung; Wu, Chun-Ming; Hsu, Daniel; Wang, Chin-Wei; Wang, Chih-Jen; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Lee, Chi-Hung; Wu, Chun-Ming; Hsu, Daniel; Wang, Chin-Wei; Wang, Chih-Jen; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Yang, Chun-Chuen] Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32023, Taiwan. [Sun, Jirong] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Magnetism, Inst Phys, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China. [Sun, Jirong] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China. [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 80 SU B AR SB013 DI 10.1143/JPSJS.80SB.SB013 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V44PV UT WOS:000209761800013 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Tulk, CA dos Santos, A Molaison, JJ Chang, S Leao, JB Samulon, EC Shapiro, MC Fisher, IR AF Stone, M. B. Tulk, C. A. dos Santos, A. Molaison, J. J. Chang, S. Leao, J. B. Samulon, E. C. Shapiro, M. C. Fisher, I. R. TI Pressure Dependent Diffraction and Spectroscopy of a Dimerized Antiferromagnet SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering; pressure effect; spin-dimers; antiferromagnet AB We present pressure dependent neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the dimerized antiferromagnet Ba3Mn2O8. The room temperature diffraction measurements reveal a linear decrease in lattice constant as a function of applied pressure. No structural transitions are observed. The low-temperature neutron spectroscopy measurements indicate a small change in magnetic scattering intensity in the vicinity of the spin gap for pressures up to P = 0.6 Gpa. C1 [Stone, M. B.; Tulk, C. A.; dos Santos, A.; Molaison, J. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chang, S.; Leao, J. B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Samulon, E. C.; Shapiro, M. C.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Samulon, E. C.; Shapiro, M. C.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stonemb@ornl.gov RI Tulk, Chris/R-6088-2016 OI Tulk, Chris/0000-0003-3400-3878 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 80 SU B AR SB005 DI 10.1143/JPSJS.80SB.SB005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V44PV UT WOS:000209761800005 ER PT J AU Takahashi, N Shibata, K Kawakita, Y Nakajima, K Inamura, Y Nakatani, T Nakagawa, H Fujiwara, S Sato, TJ Tsukushi, I Mezei, F Neumann, DA Mutka, H Arai, M AF Takahashi, Nobuaki Shibata, Kaoru Kawakita, Yukinobu Nakajima, Kenji Inamura, Yasuhiro Nakatani, Takeshi Nakagawa, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Satoru Sato, Taku J. Tsukushi, Itaru Mezei, Ferenc Neumann, Dan A. Mutka, Hannu Arai, Masatoshi TI Repetition Rate Multiplication: RRM, an Advanced Measuring Method Planed for the Backscattering Instrument, DNA at the MLF, J-PARC SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering instrument; backscattering; pulse-shaping; repetition rate multiplication AB A Si-analyzer neutron backscattering spectrometer, DNA, in MLF is the first indirect geometry instrument which chooses the coupled moderator as a pulsed neutron source in addition with a high speed disc chopper as a pulse-shaping device, aiming for high energy resolution with high intensity. The pulse-shaping has the advantage of obtaining a variety of slit opening times. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of limiting the wavelength band width measured within one pulse-shaped neutron beam. This disadvantage is solved by employing 4 slit discs on the pulse-shaping chopper and generating multiple pulse-shaped incident beams to realize efficient measuring, the so called Repetition Rate Multiplication: RRM technique. The automatic phasing procedure for the RRM technique is firstly discussed. C1 [Takahashi, Nobuaki; Kawakita, Yukinobu; Nakajima, Kenji; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Nakatani, Takeshi; Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Fujiwara, Satoru; Sato, Taku J.; Mezei, Ferenc; Arai, Masatoshi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Shibata, Kaoru; Tsukushi, Itaru] Comprehens Res Org Sci & Soc, Naka, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Fujiwara, Satoru] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Tsukushi, Itaru] Chiba Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Narashino, Chiba 2750016, Japan. [Mezei, Ferenc] HAS SzFKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Mezei, Ferenc] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mutka, Hannu] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Takahashi, N (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 80 SU B AR SB007 DI 10.1143/JPSJS.80SB.SB007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V44PV UT WOS:000209761800007 ER PT J AU Roberts, JR Chapman, RS Tirumala, VR Karim, A Chen, BT Schwegler-Berry, D Stefaniak, AB Leonard, SS Antonini, JM AF Roberts, Jenny R. Chapman, Rebecca S. Tirumala, Vijay R. Karim, Alamgir Chen, Bean T. Schwegler-Berry, Diane Stefaniak, Aleksandr B. Leonard, Stephen S. Antonini, James M. TI Toxicological Evaluation of Lung Responses After Intratracheal Exposure to Non-Dispersed Titanium Dioxide Nanorods SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY CLEARANCE; SURFACE-AREA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; BACTERIAL PATHOGEN; CARBON-NANOTUBES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FISCHER-344 RATS; FREE-RADICALS; TOXICITY AB Fine- and coarse-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are considered to be relatively inert when inhaled. The goal of this study was to assess potential lung toxicity associated with well-characterized, non-dispersed rutile TiO2 nanorods (10 x 40 nm). In vitro bioreactivity of TiO2 nanorods was determined by electron spin resonance (ESR) to measure free radical production. To assess pulmonary effects in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline, silica, or TiO2 nanorods (10 g, 100 g, or 1 mg/rat). On d 1, 3, and 6 posttreatment, left lungs were preserved for microscopy and histopathology, and lung lavage was performed on right lungs. Additional rats were treated with saline or TiO2 nanorods (100 g or 1 mg/rat) on d 0, intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 105 Listeria monocytogenes on d 3, and bacterial clearance was assessed. ESR showed a significant concentration-dependent generation of hydroxyl radicals by TiO2 nanorods in the presence and absence of macrophages; however, the hydroxyl radical signals from TiO2 samples were low compared to silica. Rats exposed to 1 mg of TiO2 nanorods had significantly elevated levels of lung injury, inflammation, and lavage fluid monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 on d 1 and 3 that subsided by d 6, unlike the silica response that persisted. Immune cytokine secretion in the lung and bacterial clearance were not affected by preexposure to TiO2 nanorods. To summarize, non-dispersed TiO2 nanorods were found to induce radical formation and cellular oxidant production, and to generate transient and reversible pneumotoxic effects, and to not markedly alter pulmonary immune function. C1 [Roberts, Jenny R.; Chapman, Rebecca S.; Chen, Bean T.; Schwegler-Berry, Diane; Leonard, Stephen S.; Antonini, James M.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Tirumala, Vijay R.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Roberts, JR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jur6@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PY 2011 VL 74 IS 12 BP 790 EP 810 AR PII 937142880 DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.567954 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 761OZ UT WOS:000290408600005 PM 21541881 ER PT J AU Abdelzaher, AM Wright, ME Ortega, C Hasan, AR Shibata, T Solo-Gabriele, HM Kish, J Withum, K He, GQ Elmir, SM Bonilla, JA Bonilla, TD Palmer, CJ Scott, TM Lukasik, J Harwood, VJ McQuaig, S Sinigalliano, CD Gidley, ML Wanless, D Plano, LRW Garza, AC Zhu, XF Stewart, JR Dickerson, JW Yampara-Iquise, H Carson, C Fleisher, JM Fleming, LE AF Abdelzaher, Amir M. Wright, Mary E. Ortega, Cristina Hasan, A. Rasem Shibata, Tomoyoki Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Kish, Jonathan Withum, Kelly He, Guoqing Elmir, Samir M. Bonilla, J. Alfredo Bonilla, Tonya D. Palmer, Carol J. Scott, Troy M. Lukasik, Jerzy Harwood, Valerie J. McQuaig, Shannon Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Gidley, Maribeth L. Wanless, David Plano, Lisa R. W. Garza, Anna C. Zhu, Xiaofang Stewart, Jill R. Dickerson, Jerold W., Jr. Yampara-Iquise, Helen Carson, Charles Fleisher, Jay M. Fleming, Lora E. TI Daily measures of microbes and human health at a non-point source marine beach SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE beach; epidemiology; health; marine; microbes; non-point ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER-QUALITY; RECREATIONAL WATER; COASTAL WATERS; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LAKE-MICHIGAN; BATHERS AB Studies evaluating the relationship between microbes and human health at non-point source beaches are necessary for establishing criteria which would protect public health while minimizing economic burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality and daily cumulative health effects (gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory illnesses) for bathers at a non-point source subtropical marine recreational beach in order to better understand the inter-relationships between these factors and hence improve monitoring and pollution prevention techniques. Daily composite samples were collected, during the Oceans and Human Health Beach Exposure Assessment and Characterization Health Epidemiologic Study conducted in Miami (Florida, USA) at a non-point source beach, and analyzed for several pathogens, microbial source tracking markers, indicator microbes, and environmental parameters. Analysis demonstrated that rainfall and tide were more influential, when compared to other environmental factors and source tracking markers, in determining the presence of both indicator microbes and pathogens. Antecedent rainfall and F+ coliphage detection in water should be further assessed to confirm their possible association with skin and gastrointestinal (GI) illness outcomes, respectively. The results of this research illustrate the potential complexity of beach systems characterized by non-point sources, and how more novel and comprehensive approaches are needed to assess beach water quality for the purpose of protecting bather health. C1 [Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Wright, Mary E.; Ortega, Cristina; Hasan, A. Rasem; Shibata, Tomoyoki; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Kish, Jonathan; Withum, Kelly; He, Guoqing; Elmir, Samir M.; Bonilla, J. Alfredo; Bonilla, Tonya D.; Palmer, Carol J.; Scott, Troy M.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Wanless, David; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.; Zhu, Xiaofang; Fleisher, Jay M.; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shibata, Tomoyoki] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL 33056 USA. [Bonilla, J. Alfredo; Bonilla, Tonya D.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Scott, Troy M.] BCS Labs Inc, Miami, FL 33155 USA. [Lukasik, Jerzy] BCS Labs Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Harwood, Valerie J.; McQuaig, Shannon] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Wanless, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Zhu, Xiaofang] Univ Miami, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Stewart, Jill R.; Dickerson, Jerold W., Jr.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Stewart, Jill R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Yampara-Iquise, Helen; Carson, Charles] Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fleisher, Jay M.] Nova SE Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth & Marine Biol & Fisher, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014; OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Fleisher, Jay/0000-0002-2553-2201 FU National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through monies from the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); National Science Foundation (NSF); University of Miami; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS P50 ES12736]; NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER [NSF SGER 0743987]; IDEXX Corporation; Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute [NA06OAR4320264] FX This study was funded in part from the following sources: the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through monies from the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Internship Program; the National Science Foundation (NSF), the University of Miami IRDI Program, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373) and (NIEHS P50 ES12736) and NSF REU in Oceans and Human Health, and the NSF SGER (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human Health. We would also like to thank IDEXX Corporation for their support of our project through the provision of supplies needed for the chromogenic substrate analysis of enterococci.; Development and utilization of the dog-host-specific Bacteroidales 'DogBac' qPCR assay was funded in part by the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute (US Department of Commerce award NA06OAR4320264). The investigators would like to also dedicate this research to the memory of Ms Seana Campbell, a very talented, hardworking and creative young investigator who enriched all people whose lives she touched, and who died very young. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 21 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2011 VL 9 IS 3 BP 443 EP 457 DI 10.2166/wh.2011.146 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA 804AC UT WOS:000293624300003 PM 21976192 ER PT J AU Norberg, SE Burkanov, VN Tuomi, P Andrews, RD AF Norberg, Sarah E. Burkanov, Vladimir N. Tuomi, Pam Andrews, Russel D. TI Hematology of Free-Ranging, Lactating Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; female; free-ranging; hematology; lactating; northern fur seal ID NEOPHOCA-CINEREA; CHEMISTRY; VALUES; LIONS AB Thirteen standard hematology values were determined for a healthy and growing population of free-ranging, lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from Lovushki Island in the Kuril Islands of far-east Russia. Results are presented from 24 females sampled between June and August during the 3-yr period of 2006-08. Hematologic values have been made available for future comparisons with the declining population of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, and are compared with published values for other otariid species. C1 [Norberg, Sarah E.; Tuomi, Pam; Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 686300, Russia. [Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Norberg, SE (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM stellertech@hotmail.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank the following individuals for their support of this study: V. Aderholt, A. Altukhov, R. Belobrov, B. Bernhardt, E. Gurarie, I. Hill, D. Holley, E. Mamaev, Y. Mitani, N. Kutrukhin, L. Leppert, P. Olivier, P. Permyakov, S. Purtov, S. Sergeev, O. Shpak, T. Shulezhko, J. Skinner, B. Smith, A. Sychenko, A. Tretyakov, and J. Waite. This research was funded by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to the Alaska SeaLife Center. Logistic support for field work in Russia was provided by North Pacific Wildlife Consulting, LLC. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 720KS UT WOS:000287280200022 PM 21270012 ER PT J AU Harris, HS Facemire, P Greig, DJ Colegrove, KM Ylitalo, GM Yanagida, GK Nutter, FB Fleetwood, M Gulland, FMD AF Harris, Heather S. Facemire, Paul Greig, Denise J. Colegrove, Kathleen M. Ylitalo, Gina M. Yanagida, Gladys K. Nutter, Felicia B. Fleetwood, Michelle Gulland, Frances M. D. TI Congenital Neuroglial Heterotopia in a Neonatal Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) with Evidence of Recent Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Congenital defect; neuroglial heterotopia; PAH; oil; harbor seal; Phoca vitulina ID SOFT-TISSUE GLIOMATOSIS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; GLIAL CHORISTOMA; BRAIN; MASS; CALIFORNIA; TONGUE; REGION; PALATE; FETUS AB A male neonatal Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) stranded off the coast of California, USA, was presented for rehabilitation with numerous partially haired, soft tissue masses around the mouth and in the oropharynx. Because of the extent of the lesions, the seal was humanely euthanized. Histologically, the masses consisted of subepithelial connective tissue and subcutis expanded by a proliferation of streams and bundles of spindle to stellate cells. Morphology of these cells suggested a neural origin, which was confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry for two neural markers, S-100 protein and glial fibrillary, acidic protein, so the masses were diagnosed as neuroglial heterotopia. Heterotopic neuroglial tissue is a rare lesion comprised of benign mature neural tissue in an ectopic location with no connection to the central nervous system. Results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite analysis of bile indicated recent exposure to a petroleum source. Although fetal exposure to PAHs in liter can cause neurotoxicity and affect normal embryonic development, it is unknown whether gestational exposure occurred in this case. C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Greig, Denise J.; Nutter, Felicia B.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Facemire, Paul; Fleetwood, Michelle] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.; Yanagida, Gladys K.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Gulland, FMD (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM gullandf@tmmc.org NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 246 EP 254 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 720KS UT WOS:000287280200027 PM 21270017 ER PT B AU Murray, S Hertko, MD AF Murray, Sylvester Hertko, Mark D. BE Johnson, NJ Svara, JH TI Environmental Justice and Land Use Planning SO JUSTICE FOR ALL: PROMOTING SOCIAL EQUITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SE Transformational Trends in Governance and Democracy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Murray, Sylvester] Savannah State Univ, Govt & Publ Adm, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Murray, Sylvester] SSU, Master Publ Adm Program, Savannah, GA USA. [Murray, Sylvester] Cleveland State Univ, Publ Management Program, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Murray, Sylvester] Cleveland State Univ, Levin Coll Urban Affairs, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Murray, Sylvester] Int City & Cty Management Assoc, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Sylvester] Amer Soc Publ Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Murray, Sylvester] Natl Acad Publ Adm, Africa Working Grp, Washington, DC USA. [Hertko, Mark D.] Natl Acad Publ Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Hertko, Mark D.] NOAA, Dept Commerce, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Hertko, Mark D.] Natl Pk Serv, Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20240 USA. [Hertko, Mark D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Hertko, Mark D.] US DOE, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Murray, S (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Govt & Publ Adm, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7656-3026-1; 978-1-317-46673-4; 978-0-7656-3025-4 J9 TRANSFORM TR GOV DEM PY 2011 BP 192 EP 206 PG 15 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BF6MW UT WOS:000383343200011 ER PT J AU Gaitan, M Locascio, L AF Gaitan, Michael Locascio, Laurie TI Art in Science SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gaitan, Michael; Locascio, Laurie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaitan, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 993 EP 994 DI 10.1039/c1lc90007b PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 728IF UT WOS:000287867100001 PM 21344075 ER PT J AU Forry, SP Locascio, LE AF Forry, Samuel P. Locascio, Laurie E. TI On-chip CO2 control for microfluidic cell culture SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); PERMEATION; DIFFUSION; DEVICES; BEHAVIOR; PLATFORM; SORPTION; SYSTEMS; ARRAY AB Carbon dioxide partial pressure (P-CO2) was controlled on-chip by flowing pre-equilibrated aqueous solutions through control channels across the device. Elevated P-CO2 (e. g. 0.05 atm) was modulated in neighboring stagnant channels via equilibration through the highly gas permeable substrate, poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Stable gradients in P-CO2 were demonstrated with a pair of control lines in a source-sink configuration. P-CO2 equilibration was found to be sufficiently rapid (minutes) and stable (days) to enable long-term microfluidic culture of mammalian cells. The aqueous solutions flowing through the device also mitigated pervaporative losses at sustained elevated temperatures (e. g. 37 C), as compared to flowing humidified gas through the control lines to control P-CO2. Since pervaporation (and the associated increase in osmolality) was minimized, stopped-flow cell culture became possible, wherein cell secretions can accumulate within the confined environment of the microfluidic culture system. This strategy was utilized to demonstrate long-term (> 7 days) microfluidic culture of mouse fibroblasts under stopped-flow conditions without requiring the microfluidic system to be placed inside a cell culture incubator. C1 [Forry, Samuel P.; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.forry@nist.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2011 VL 11 IS 23 BP 4041 EP 4046 DI 10.1039/c1lc20505f PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 844HA UT WOS:000296737100015 PM 21996787 ER PT J AU Jiang, WX Kline, M Hu, P Wang, Y AF Jiang, Wenxiao Kline, Margaret Hu, Peter Wang, Yue TI Identification of dual false indirect exclusions on the D5S818 and FGA loci SO LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE False indirect exclusion; D5S818; FGA; Short tandem repeat; Primer-binding site ID D13S317 AB Here, we present a case in which the result of a maternity test was obscured due to two false indirect exclusions that occurred in two out of 15 genetic kid through the use of the AmpFISTR Identifiler PCR Amplification kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The Identifiler kit failed to amplify allele 11 of the D5S818 system on the child and failed to capture the existence of allele 13 on the FGA system on both mother and child. The situation was remedied through use of the PowerPlex 16 PCR Amplification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI) which used different primers with a different allele range than that of the Identifiler kit. Maternity was confirmed through sequencing and it was found that the failure of the Identifier kit to amplify allele 11 on the D5S818 system was the result of an incompatibility to the primer-binding site due to a mutation that changed a guanine (G) into a thymine (T) 55 base pairs (bp) downstream of the repeat. The inability of the Identifiler kit to pick up allele 13 of the FGA system was due to the out-of-range location of the allele. Indirect exclusions can be misleading if they are not fully investigated since allele range as well as primer-binding affinity are two confounders that must be addressed to ensure accuracy of the test results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Wenxiao; Hu, Peter; Wang, Yue] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Mol Genet Technol Program, Sch Hlth Profess, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kline, Margaret] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Yue] Ctr Med Genet, Houston, TX 77054 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Mol Genet Technol Program, Sch Hlth Profess, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ywang@geneticstesting.com RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2008-DN-121] FX The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded the work performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through interagency agreement 2008-DN-121 to the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Official Disclaimer: Contribution of the NIST. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department of Justice. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1344-6223 J9 LEGAL MED-TOKYO JI Leg. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.legalmed.2010.08.006 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Legal Medicine; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 721WJ UT WOS:000287388200006 PM 21030286 ER PT J AU Rodgveller, CJ Sigler, MF Hanselman, DH Ito, DH AF Rodgveller, Cara J. Sigler, Michael F. Hanselman, Dana H. Ito, Daniel H. TI Sampling Efficiency of Longlines for Shortraker and Rougheye Rockfish Using Observations from a Manned Submersible SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; STOCK; TRAWL; BAIT AB Populations of demersal rockfish of the genus Sebastes are challenging to assess because they inhabit rocky areas that are difficult to sample with trawl gear. In contrast, longline gear can sample rocky areas, but several factors besides fish density can affect the relationship between catch rates and density. In this study, longline catch rates of shortraker rockfish Sebastes borealis and rougheye rockfish S. aleutianus were compared with observations of density from a manned submersible to evaluate the species' catchability on longline gear. On separate occasions, rockfish behavior in the presence of longline gear was observed from the submersible. Densities averaged 3.0 shortraker and rougheye rockfish (combined) per 330 m(2) of bottom (the effectively sampled area of a 100-m transect). Longline catch rates averaged 2.7 shortraker and rougheye rockfish per skate of 45 hooks. Longline catch rates were not statistically affected by submersible observations. There was a positive trend between density and longline catch rates, but the relationship was not significant. As observed from the submersible, the proportion of fish free-swimming near the longline increased through the duration of the set, indicating that rockfish were attracted to the line faster than they were caught. The catching process for shortraker and rougheye rockfish lasts longer than for more mobile species such as sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria. C1 [Rodgveller, Cara J.; Sigler, Michael F.; Hanselman, Dana H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Ito, Daniel H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.558447 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700001 ER PT J AU Cooper, D McDermott, S AF Cooper, Daniel McDermott, Susanne TI Seasonal, Small-Scale Distribution of Atka Mackerel in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, with Respect to Reproduction SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS AB We investigated the spatial distribution of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius with respect to maturity stage at Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Islands as well as their spawning locations within trawlable areas at three small-scale (10-20-nautical mile or 18.5-37.0-km) sites. Histological methods were used to determine maturity stages, and male maturity stages are described for the first time. Spawning areas were identified by catch per unit effort of demersal egg masses. At Seguam Pass, spawning was concentrated in the area adjacent to the east side of Amlia Island and between Amlia and Seguam islands. The observed spatial segregation of Atka mackerel by sex and maturity stage appears to interact with the boundaries of the trawl exclusion zone (TEZ) at Seguam Pass. During spawning, mature fish aggregate inside the closed area and immature fish and nonreproductively active mature males aggregate outside the TEZ in the area open to fishing. This increased the commercial catch selectivity of nonreproductively active males and immature fish during the September fishery. The spawning areas observed at Seguam and Tanaga passes and near Amchitka Island were within TEZs, which may serve as de facto marine protected areas for spawning Atka mackerel. C1 [Cooper, Daniel; McDermott, Susanne] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cooper, D (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.558439 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700002 ER PT J AU Rand, KM Lowe, SA AF Rand, Kimberly M. Lowe, Sandra A. TI Defining Essential Fish Habitat for Atka Mackerel with Respect to Feeding within and Adjacent to Aleutian Islands Trawl Exclusion Zones SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; ALASKA; OCEANOGRAPHY; ARCHIPELAGO; ABUNDANCE; EASTERN; PASSES AB The distribution patterns of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius were examined, both seasonally and spatially, to identify essential feeding habitat and to add to existing knowledge of diet composition. The study focused on two local aggregations in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: one at Seguam Pass and one near Amchitka Island. At each locale, we examined the mean stomach fullness (i.e., feeding intensity) and diet composition of randomly selected fish within and outside of trawl exclusion zones (TEZs). The trawl exclusion zones extend out 10-20 nm from Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus rookeries and haulouts; no trawling is allowed inside these zones. During four of the six periods examined, mean stomach fullness was higher inside the TEZ than outside it. At Seguam Pass, fish were distributed into northern and southern aggregations and diet composition varied by age, season, and location relative to the TEZs. Feeding intensity appeared to be greatest inside the TEZ in the northern portion of Seguam Pass near a productive frontal region characterized by a transition zone of well-mixed (upwelling) and stratified water. At Seguam Pass, piscivory occurred almost entirely inside the TEZ in June. Near Amchitka Island, feeding intensity was significantly higher inside the TEZ, which coincided with an increase in egg cannibalism in October. Based on these observations, we suggest that the areas of increased feeding activity in conjunction with diet composition at Seguam Pass and Amchitka Island represent essential feeding habitat for Atka mackerel. C1 [Rand, Kimberly M.; Lowe, Sandra A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rand, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov FU Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington; AFSC FX We would like to thank Dan Cooper, Susanne McDermott, Susan Picquelle, Liz Conners, Peter Munro, Libby Logerwell, and theAlaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) age and growth program. Thanks also to the crew from the vessels Pacific Explorer and Seafisher, all those who helped in collecting samples and providing laboratory analyses-Jesse Aggee, Teresa A'mar, Barney Baker, Alicia Billings, Ruth Christiansen, Chris Derrah, Eric Dobbs, Rob Freyer, Alan Halvarson, John Hargrove, Justin Keesee, Bob Lauth, Scott McKillip, Adam Mitchell, Ivonne Ortiz, Suzanne Romain, and Ty Yasanak-and those providing laboratory assistance-Katie Dodd, Rick Hibpshman, and Andy Whitehouse. Funding was provided by Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington and AFSC. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1080/15427951.2010.558402 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700003 ER PT J AU Brown-Peterson, NJ Wyanski, DM Saborido-Rey, F Macewicz, BJ Lowerre-Barbieri, SK AF Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Wyanski, David M. Saborido-Rey, Fran Macewicz, Beverly J. Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan K. TI A Standardized Terminology for Describing Reproductive Development in Fishes SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC CROAKER; BATCH FECUNDITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TELEOST FISH; COMMON SNOOK; BONY FISHES; BIOLOGY AB As the number of fish reproduction studies has proliferated, so has the number of gonadal classification schemes and terms. This hasmade it difficult for both scientists and resourcemanagers to communicate and for comparisons to be made among studies. We propose the adoption of a simple, universal terminology for the phases in the reproductive cycle, which can be applied to all male and female elasmobranch and teleost fishes. These phases were chosen because they define key milestones in the reproductive cycle; the phases include immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing, and regenerating. Although the temporal sequence of events during gamete development in each phase may vary among species, each phase has specific histological and physiological markers and is conceptually universal. The immature phase can occur only once. The developing phase signals entry into the gonadotropin-dependent stage of oogenesis and spermatogenesis and ultimately results in gonadal growth. The spawning capable phase includes (1) those fish with gamete development that is sufficiently advanced to allow for spawning within the current reproductive cycle and (2) batch-spawning females that show signs of previous spawns (i.e., postovulatory follicle complex) and that are also capable of additional spawns during the current cycle. Within the spawning capable phase, an actively spawning subphase is defined that corresponds to hydration and ovulation in females and spermiation in males. The regressing phase indicates completion of the reproductive cycle and, for many fish, completion of the spawning season. Fish in the regenerating phase are sexually mature but reproductively inactive. Species-specific histological criteria or classes can be incorporated within each of the universal phases, allowing for more specific divisions (subphases) while preserving the overall reproductive terminology for comparative purposes. This terminology can easily be modified for fishes with alternate reproductive strategies, such as hermaphrodites (addition of a transition phase) and livebearers (addition of a gestation phase). C1 [Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Wyanski, David M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Saborido-Rey, Fran] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas Vigo, E-36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. [Macewicz, Beverly J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan K.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Brown-Peterson, NJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM nancy.brown-peterson@usm.edu RI Saborido-Rey, Fran/A-8440-2008 OI Saborido-Rey, Fran/0000-0002-2760-8169 FU Fish Reproduction and Fisheries (FRESH; European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action) [FA0601]; West Palm Beach Fishing Club (Florida) FX We are grateful to all participants attending the Third and Fourth Workshops on Gonadal Histology of Fishes (Third Workshop in New Orleans, Louisiana, 2006; Fourth Workshop in Cadiz, Spain, 2009) for their input and insights as this terminology was being developed. In particular, discussions with J. Tomkiewicz were invaluable during the development of the terminology, and we are very appreciative of the time she devoted to this project. Additionally, H. Grier, H. Murua, D. Nieland, and R. Rideout were helpful in refining specific aspects of the terminology. All Atlantic herring photographs in the manuscript were graciously provided by J. Tomkiewicz, and R. Hagstrom assisted with the photography. We also thank each of our institutions for their financial support throughout this collaborative project. Fish Reproduction and Fisheries (FRESH; European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action FA0601) and theWest Palm Beach Fishing Club (Florida) provided funding for the gonadal histology workshops where this terminology was developed and refined. Additionally, we thank FRESH for travel and publication funds. This is Contribution Number 678 of the South Carolina Marine Resources Center. NR 91 TC 216 Z9 223 U1 7 U2 75 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 52 EP 70 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.555724 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700005 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, CH AF Ainsworth, C. H. TI Quantifying Species Abundance Trends in the Northern Gulf of California Using Local Ecological Knowledge SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SHIFTING BASE-LINES; FISHERY; MARINE; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; ESTUARINE; SHARKS; MEXICO; WATER AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires data on all parts of the ecosystem, and this can be a barrier in data-poor systems. Marine ecologists need a means of drawing together diverse information to reconstruct species abundance trends for a variety of purposes. This article uses a fuzzy logic approach to integrate information from multiple data sources and describe biomass trends for marine species groups in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Forty-two species groups were analyzed, comprising fish, invertebrates, birds, mammals, turtles, and algae. The most important new data series comes from recent interviews with fishers in the northern part of the gulf. Respondents were asked to classify the abundance of various targeted and untargeted marine species groups from 1950 to the present. The fuzzy logic method integrates their responses with catch-per-unit-effort series, intrinsic vulnerability to fishing determined from life history parameters, biomass predicted by a Schaefer harvest model, and other simple indices. The output of the fuzzy logic routine is a time series of abundance for each species group that can be compared with known trends. The results suggest a general decline in species abundance across fished and unfished taxa, with a few exceptions. Information gathered from interviews indicated that older fishers tended to recognize a greater relative decrease in species abundance since 1970 than did younger fishers, providing another example of Pauly's (1995) shifting cognitive baselines. C1 [Ainsworth, C. H.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM cameron.ainsworth@noaa.gov FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Mia J. Tegner Memorial Research Grants Program FX I thank the following researchers at the Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Oceanos (CEDO, Puerto Penasco): Mabilia Urquidi, Sandra Reyes, Hem Nalini Morzaria Luna, Abigail Iris, and Eleazar Lopez, along with Nabor Encinas of Comunidad y Biodiversidad (Guaymas) for carrying out the interviews. The following people provided helpful discussions and review of the manuscript: Isaac Kaplan, Phil Levin, Marc Mangel, Hem Nalini Morzaria Luna, Nick Tolimieri, Jameal Samhouri (Northwest Fisheries Science Center), and William Cheung (University of East Anglia). I also thank Kenneth Rose and two anonymous referees for their careful reviews, which greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. The David and Lucille Packard Foundation provided funding for this study. The Mia J. Tegner Memorial Research Grants Program provided funding for CEDO community interviews. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 190 EP 218 DI 10.1080/19425120.2010.549047 PG 29 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700014 ER PT J AU Overholtz, WJ Hare, JA Keith, CM AF Overholtz, W. J. Hare, J. A. Keith, C. M. TI Impacts of Interannual Environmental Forcing and Climate Change on the Distribution of Atlantic Mackerel on the US Northeast Continental Shelf SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; FISH; BIGHT; WATER AB The Northwest Atlantic stock of Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus is distributed from Cape Hatteras to New-foundland and migrates great distances on a seasonal basis. Atlanticmackerel are sensitive to changes in temperature, preferring water greater than 5 degrees C. Annual changes in the winter and early-spring distributions of Atlantic mackerel were investigated using satellite imagery, research trawl surveys, geographical information systems, and spatial and standard statistical analyses. During the past 40-plus years (1968-2008), the distribution of the stock has shifted about 250 km to the north and east. Also, a change has occurred in the depth distribution of the stock, from deeper off-shelf locations to shallower on-shelf ones. Areal and bathymetric changes in distribution are correlated with interannual temperature variability and gradual warming. These results have implications for U. S. commercial and recreational mackerel fisheries because, despite the current high abundance of the stock, the changes in distribution will probably make it more difficult to find and catch Atlantic mackerel in certain areas in the future. C1 [Overholtz, W. J.; Keith, C. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, J. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Overholtz, WJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM wjomar@verizon.net FU National Science Foundation FX The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research; the center is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The original data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set ds277.0. Maureen Taylor calculated the volume of preferred habitat for use in this study. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.578485 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700015 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA Orsi, JA Myers, KW Francis, RC AF Weitkamp, L. A. Orsi, J. A. Myers, K. W. Francis, R. C. TI Contrasting Early Marine Ecology of Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon in Southeast Alaska: Insight into Factors Affecting Marine Survival SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PINK SALMON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB To identify processes potentially contributing to the differential marine survival rates of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch originating from Southeast Alaska, we compared the early marine ecology of the two species during the critical first summer in marine waters. We predicted that the higher survival rates for coho salmon relative to Chinook salmon were related to the larger size, faster growth, or different habitat or species associations of coho salmon. Our size and growth expectations were largely substantiated: juvenile coho salmon were larger than juvenile Chinook salmon and had faster length-based growth, although weight-based growth rates were similar. The most obvious difference was in their distributions. Juvenile coho salmon overlapped spatially and temporally with abundant juvenile pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta, whereas juvenile Chinook salmon were geographically separated from other salmonids. This suggests that coho salmon benefited from a predation buffer that did not extend to Chinook salmon. Our results indicate that factors influencing marine survival of juvenile Chinook salmon and coho salmon in Southeast Alaska are attributable to species-specific differences in their early marine distribution patterns and species interactions. C1 [Weitkamp, L. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Weitkamp, L. A.; Myers, K. W.; Francis, R. C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Orsi, J. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries) FX We thank the Auke Bay Laboratories personnel who participated in the research surveys and conducted initial laboratory analyses. We are grateful to the command and crew of the R/V John N. Cobb (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for their cooperation and performance throughout the surveys. We also thank the core members of the SECM team-Molly Sturdevant, Emily Fergusson, and Alex Wertheimer-who helped perform the at-sea data collection. Funding for L. Weitkamp was provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries). This manuscript was greatly improved by comments from J. Scheurer and J. Myers. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 233 EP 249 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.588919 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700016 ER PT J AU Andrews, KS Beckman, BR Beaudreau, AH Larsen, DA Williams, GD Levin, PS AF Andrews, Kelly S. Beckman, Brian R. Beaudreau, Anne H. Larsen, Donald A. Williams, Greg D. Levin, Phillip S. TI Suitability of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) as a Measure of Relative Growth Rates in Lingcod SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; POSTSMOLT COHO SALMON; CORAL-REEF DAMSELFISH; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; MARINE RESERVES; ATLANTIC COD; FACTOR-I AB The effectiveness of spatial management strategies is typically evaluated through traditional biological measurements of size, density, biomass, and the diversity of species inside and outside management boundaries. However, there have been relatively few attempts to evaluate the processes underlying these biological patterns. In this study, we take the first step toward developing a relative index of body growth for lingcod Ophiodon elongatus using plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) with the ultimate goal of measuring spatial differences in relative growth rates. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the principal hormones that stimulates growth at the cellular level in all vertebrates and shows significant relationships with body growth in many fishes. In the laboratory, we found that the level of IGF1 was related to the instantaneous growth of juvenile lingcod. In the field, we measured size, condition, and plasma IGF1 level in 149 lingcod from eight locations inside and outside marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington. The IGF1 levels in wild lingcod were highly variable from site to site for both genders, and we were able to detect differences in IGF1 across space in males. Multivariate analyses showed that the spatial patterns of IGF1 differed from those of traditional biological measurements. More work is needed to validate the relationship between IGF1 and growth in larger individuals, but our research shows the potential for IGF1 to be used as an ecological indicator. C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.; Beckman, Brian R.; Larsen, Donald A.; Williams, Greg D.; Levin, Phillip S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 FU University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (UW-SAFS); Friday Harbor Laboratories; NWFSC; National Science Foundation; ARCS Foundation; UW-SAFS FX We thank the many volunteers involved in the collection of lingcod, especially A. Dufault and C. Sergeant. We thank personnel at NOAA's Manchester laboratory for the use of juvenile lingcod for the laboratory study and to K. Cooper for running IGF1 assays. Thanks to the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (UW-SAFS) and Friday Harbor Laboratories for funding and facilities to conduct field work. We thank N. Tolimieri for help with the multivariate analyses. This research was funded in part by the Internal Grant Program at the NWFSC. A. H. B. was supported by the National Science Foundation, ARCS Foundation, and UW-SAFS. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.588921 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700017 ER PT J AU Hartman, KJ Phelan, BA Rosendale, JE AF Hartman, Kyle J. Phelan, Beth A. Rosendale, John E. TI Temperature Effects on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Used to Estimate Dry Weight as a Condition Proxy in Coastal Bluefish SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; ENERGY DENSITY; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; BODY-COMPOSITION; FISH; GROWTH; WATER AB The highly migratory nature of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix makes comprehensive study of their populations and their potential responses to factors such as competition, habitat degradation, and climate change difficult. Body composition is an important ecological reference point for fish; however, estimating body composition in fish has been limited by analytical and logistical costs. We applied bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate one body composition component (percent dry weight) as a proxy of condition in bluefish. We used a tetra polar Quantum II BIA analyzer and measured electrical properties in the muscles of bluefish at two locations per fish (dorsal and ventral). In total, 96 bluefish ranging from 193 to 875 mm total length were used in model development and testing. On 59 of these fish BIA measures were taken at both 15 degrees C and 27 degrees C. Temperature had a significant negative effect on resistance and reactance. A subsample of these fish was then analyzed for dry weight as a percentage of their whole body weight (PDW), which is a good indicator of condition because it is highly correlated with fat content in fish. The BIA models predicting PDW inclusive of all lengths of bluefish were highly predictive for 15 degrees C (stepwise regression) and 27 degrees C. Regression (R(pred)(2)) values that estimate future predictive power suggest that both models were robust. Strong relationships between PDW and other body composition components, coupled with the BIA models presented here, provide the tools needed to quantitatively assess bluefish body composition across spatial and temporal scales for which assessment was previously impossible. C1 [Hartman, Kyle J.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Phelan, Beth A.; Rosendale, John E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sandy Hook Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM hartman@wvu.edu FU Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program FX We are grateful to J. Howell, G. Staines, and J. Nye for assistance in field collections and measures and to J. Rosendale for collection and husbandry of bluefish used at Sandy Hook. A. Hafs provided comments that improved this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the 2004 Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program to KJH. All procedures involving fish were conducted under guidelines approved by the West Virginia University Animal Care and Use Committee under protocol 05-0201. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.603961 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700022 ER PT J AU Sturdevant, M Nishimura, G Orsi, J AF Sturdevant, Molly Nishimura, Gary Orsi, Joe TI Sidewinder: Description of a New Block Winch for Deploying Instruments at Sea SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; TUCKER TRAWL; TECHNOLOGY; NETS AB We describe a new electric winch design and its functionality for conducting research operations off different-sized vessels. Currently, several small oceanographic winches are available for deploying research instruments and nets, but they are typically heavy, noisy, semipermanently mounted to the deck, hydraulically operated, and not readily transferable between vessels. The limitation of winch portability between vessels, in particular, has been exacerbated by the increasing use of a variety of chartered vessels to conduct state and federal agency and university research. To address these challenges, we developed a relatively lightweight (70 kg), portable block-design winch that is spooled with 400 m of plasma line, powered by two 12-V marine batteries, and operated by a remote control box on a pendant equipped with a joystick. The 2.2-kW drive produces 100 kg of line pull at speeds of 0 to 2.0 m/s. The pendant includes digital displays for line speed, scope, and angle as well as an emergency stop. Nicknamed the "Sidewinder," this winch is quiet, can be operated by one person, and is suspended outboard from a davit or crane boom, increasing available deck space and relocating all lines safely away from vessel personnel. On vessels 7 to 50 m in length the Sidewinder has been successfully tested for deploying small gear such as conductivity-temperature-depth profilers and large BONGO plankton nets that require specific deployment and retrieval speeds and line angles. To ensure safe operation, vessel support features such as the power system and davit working load capacity should be considered when the Sidewinder is custom-built. C1 [Sturdevant, Molly; Orsi, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Nishimura, Gary] Markey Machinery Co Inc, Seattle, WA 98108 USA. RP Sturdevant, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM molly.sturdevant@noaa.gov FU Auke Bay Laboratories management FX We thank B. A. Griffin, B. Dempke, P. Hammerschlag, S. Kreis, and J. Davis for contributing invaluable engineering support from the early stages through the duration of the project. Shop expertise provided by A. Wheatley overcame several unexpected challenges during final assembly and shop testing, and support for the electrical controls was provided by S. DeMers and S. Hatvany. We also thank E. A. Fergusson and S. A. Ballard for assistance with field testing, G. Garcia and the captain and crew of the FV Northwest Explorer for vessel assistance, and Auke Bay Laboratories management for supporting this project. Reference to trademarked names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.608582 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700023 ER PT J AU McDermott, SF Cooper, DW Guthridge, JL Spies, IB Canino, MF Woods, P Hillgruber, N AF McDermott, Susanne F. Cooper, Daniel W. Guthridge, Jared L. Spies, Ingrid B. Canino, Mike F. Woods, Pamela Hillgruber, Nicola TI Effects of Maternal Growth on Fecundity and Egg Quality of Wild and Captive Atka Mackerel SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS; BATCH FECUNDITY; MARINE FISH; PLAICE; SIZE; SEA; TEMPERATURE; MATURATION AB Trade-offs in energy allocation between growth and reproduction can result in variations in reproductive potential in fish with differing growth patterns. Spawning biomass is often used as a proxy for reproductive potential on the assumption that fecundity is directly proportional to body weight. We examined variations in the reproductive potential of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius by studying the effect of differential growth and condition patterns on fecundity, atresia, and egg energy. Fecundity and egg energy were determined for fish from two geographic areas, Seguam Pass and Amchitka Island, Alaska, and compared with those of fish held in captivity. These Atka mackerel showed distinct differences in growth and condition, with weight at length and length at age being the highest among captive fish, intermediate among fish from Seguam Pass, and lowest among fish from Amchitka Island. Realized fecundity showed that on average captive fish spawned seven batches, fish from Seguam Pass six batches, and fish from Amchitka Island five batches. For wild fish, potential and realized fecundity at length or age was significantly higher at Seguam Pass than at Amchitka Island, whereas the fecundity-at-weight relationship did not differ by area, suggesting that weight is a better predictor of fecundity than length or age. Atresia and batch fecundity by length or weight did not differ by area, suggesting that the variation in fecundity is better explained by the variation in batch number than by batch size. Oocyte dry weight was higher for captive fish than for wild fish, whereas batch order did not significantly affect oocyte dry weight. Increased potential fecundity, realized fecundity, and oocyte quality in Atka mackerel females were strongly related to body size, indicating that growth differences and maternal feeding success impact the fecundity and oocyte quality of Atka mackerel. Therefore, changes in growth and condition patterns need to be taken into account to accurately estimate the reproductive potential of this species. C1 [McDermott, Susanne F.; Cooper, Daniel W.; Spies, Ingrid B.; Canino, Mike F.; Woods, Pamela] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Guthridge, Jared L.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP McDermott, SF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [522] FX We thank Richard Hocking (ASLC) for providing aquarium space and the assistance of aquarium staff, Jennifer O'Quin (ASLC) for sampling egg masses, and Madolyn Hollowed and Emily Gallichote for counting oocytes and measuring oocyte energy. David Beauchamp (University of Washington) provided us the use of a bomb calorimeter. Cascade Fishing Company graciously allowed us to collect ovaries aboard the Seafisher. We thank Susan Picquelle (AFSC) for statistical assistance and Daniel Nichol for comments. We also thank all the AFSC scientists involved in collecting samples during our research cruises, especially Kimberly Rand, Sandi Neidetcher, and Robert Lauth. We would like to thank the North Pacific Research Board for providing funds for this project (project 522). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.608592 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700024 ER PT J AU Piner, KR Lee, HH Maunder, MN Methot, RD AF Piner, Kevin R. Lee, Hui-Hua Maunder, Mark N. Methot, Richard D. TI A Simulation-Based Method to Determine Model Misspecification: Examples Using Natural Mortality and Population Dynamics Models SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISHERY; OCEAN AB Recent developments in the models used in wildlife and fisheries science have allowed the inclusion of a wider range of data than previously. However, the diagnostics of such complex models have not kept pace. We describe a new diagnostic technique based on simulation analysis. Model misspecification was identified through simulation methods that created a distribution of likely parameter values for a model that was correctly specified. If the actual estimate of that parameter is outside the bounds of the simulated distribution, then the model is probably misspecified. We tested the reliability of the new diagnostic by introducing known-model misspecification into complex fisheries stock assessment models. We then compared the results from this new diagnostic with those of a more tradition fisheries diagnostic, namely, retrospective analysis. The simulation-based diagnostic was shown to identify misspecification affecting the estimated dynamics more reliably than retrospective analysis. C1 [Piner, Kevin R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Piner, KR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kevin.piner@noaa.gov FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank our colleagues at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and especially Stacey Miller for collating and providing these stock assessments. The authors would also like to thank the Southwest Fisheries Science Center that supported some of the authors during early stages of the work. In addition, we want to thank the scientists of the International Scientific Committee for providing early critiques of this paper. We also thank Ana Parma and Andre Punt for comments on the manuscript. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.611005 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700025 ER PT J AU Vaughan, DS Govoni, JJ Shertzer, KW AF Vaughan, Douglas S. Govoni, John J. Shertzer, Kyle W. TI Relationship between Gulf Menhaden Recruitment and Mississippi River Flow: Model Development and Potential Application for Management SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; OF-MEXICO; BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS; FRESH-WATER; FISH; ATLANTIC; ESTUARINE; HYPOXIA; LARVAL; ABUNDANCE AB The Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus is one of the most abundant pelagic fishes in the northern coastal Gulf of Mexico (hereafter, "Gulf") and is the principal forage for various commercial and sport fishes, sea birds, and marine mammals. Part of the life history of Gulf menhaden is spent on the continental shelf and part is spent within estuaries. Adults spawn near the mouth of the Mississippi River, and larvae aggregate within the river plume front. Larval Gulf menhaden transit the continental shelf and enter estuaries of the northern Gulf as juveniles. Govoni (1997) demonstrated an association between the discharge of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers and Gulf menhaden recruitment. In particular, he found an inverse association between Mississippi River discharge and estimated recruitment of half-year-old fish based on recruitment data from Vaughan et al. (1996). Vaughan et al. (2000) updated this relationship with a regression analysis. Here, we revisit the relationship with additional years of data through 2004. The inverse relationship continues to hold. In addition, we reframed this relationship to produce a 1-year-ahead prediction model for forecasting recruitment to age 1 from Mississippi River discharge; this model can be used in proactive fishery management. Finally, we revisited the stock assessment model of Vaughan et al. (2007) and demonstrated an improvement in model performance when information on annual river discharge was incorporated. C1 [Vaughan, Douglas S.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Govoni, John J.] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Vaughan, DS (reprint author), 214 Shell Landing Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM dvaughan97@gmail.com NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.620908 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 873IJ UT WOS:000298874700026 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Ashford, JR Brooks, CM Krusic-Golub, K Duhamel, G Belchier, M Lundstrom, CC Cailliet, GM AF Andrews, A. H. Ashford, J. R. Brooks, C. M. Krusic-Golub, K. Duhamel, G. Belchier, M. Lundstrom, C. C. Cailliet, G. M. TI Lead-radium dating provides a framework for coordinating age estimation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) between fishing areas SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age bias; age validation; Chilean sea bass; connectivity; lead-210; longevity; Nototheniidae; radiometric age; radium-226 ID ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ROSS SEA; GROWTH; VALIDATION; LONGEVITY; OTOLITHS; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE AB Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or 'Chilean sea bass' support a valuable and controversial fishery, yet their life history is not well understood and longevity estimates range from similar to 20 to >50 years. In this study, lead-radium dating provided valid ages for juvenile to older adult groups, which were consistent with the counting of otolith growth zones in transverse otolith sections, and longevity estimates exceeding 30 years. Lead-radium dating revealed minor biases between the radiometric age and interpretation of growth zone counting for regional fishing areas monitored by two facilities, Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology (CQFE) and the Central Ageing Facility (CAF), using different age estimation techniques. For CQFE, under-ageing of similar to 3.3 years was observed for individuals with estimated ages under 20 years. For the CAF, ages were overestimated for young fish and underestimated for the oldest fish. Lead-radium dating detected underlying problems in coordinating age estimation between geographically separated fish stocks, and provided a framework to objectively assess otolith interpretation and growth modelling between laboratories based on age-validated data. C1 [Andrews, A. H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Ashford, J. R.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Brooks, C. M.; Cailliet, G. M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Krusic-Golub, K.] Fish Ageing Serv Pty Ltd, Portarlington, Vic 3223, Australia. [Duhamel, G.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France. [Belchier, M.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Lundstrom, C. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov RI MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/IRD, UMR BOREA/B-2312-2012; Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU National Science Foundation [0232000] FX We thank Donna Kline, Kenneth Coale of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) and Cynthia Jones of Old Dominion University for assistance with developing this collaborative age validation project as a National Science Foundation project funded under project number 0232000. The radiometric work presented here was performed with the infrastructure laboratory support of MLML and the laboratory assistance of Donna Kline. Guillermo Moreno, an observer in the CCAMLR monitoring program, provided a set of otoliths used in the earliest stages of determining the application parameters. We acknowledge the contribution of fishery observers working on commercial fishing vessels operating on the Kerguelen Plateau and in the Heard and McDonald fishery for their collection efforts. The Australian Antarctic Division provided the otolith samples aged by the CAF. Thanks to Ed DeMartini and Chris Boggs for providing an internal NOAA review of this manuscript. Baie dankie to Paul Cowley (SAIAB, South Africa) for manuscript comments and support through the dissertation process for Allen Andrews. This manuscript is based on a dissertation chapter by Allen Andrews from Rhodes University. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 7 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1071/MF10225 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 796WS UT WOS:000293084800001 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Kalish, JM Newman, SJ Johnston, JM AF Andrews, Allen H. Kalish, John M. Newman, Stephen J. Johnston, Justine M. TI Bomb radiocarbon dating of three important reef-fish species using Indo-Pacific Delta C-14 chronologies SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age validation; carbon-14; Epinephelidae; Indian Ocean; Lethrinidae; longevity; Lutjanidae ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COCOS KEELING ISLANDS; INDIAN-OCEAN; LETHRINUS-NEBULOSUS; ETELIS-CARBUNCULUS; CORAL RADIOCARBON; MORTALITY-RATES; AGE VALIDATION; PRE-BOMB; OTOLITHS AB Demersal reef fishes of the Indo-Pacific are under increasing pressure as a fisheries resource, yet many of the important life history characteristics required for suitable management are poorly known. The three fish species, eightbar grouper (Hyporthodus octofasciatus), ruby snapper (Etelis carbunculus) and the spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus), are important components of fisheries and ecosystems throughout the Indo-Pacific. Despite their importance, age and growth information is incomplete. Age has been estimated for E. carbunculus and L. nebulosus, but validated age beyond the first few years is lacking and for H. octofasciatus no age estimates exist. Bomb radiocarbon dating can provide age estimates that are independent of growth-zone counting, but only if appropriate reference D 14 C chronologies exist. In this study, a series of D 14 C records from hermatypic corals was assembled to provide a basis for bomb radiocarbon dating in the western Indo-Pacific region. Results provided (1) valid age estimates for comparison to age estimates from two facilities investigating growth-zones in otolith thin sections; (2) support for age estimation protocols using otolith thin sections; and (3) the information necessary for further refinement of age estimation procedures. Estimates of longevity from bomb radiocarbon dating agree with some prior studies: H. octofasciatus, E. carbunculus and L. nebulosus all being long-lived species with life spans of at least 43, 35 and 28 years respectively. C1 [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Kalish, John M.; Johnston, Justine M.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Newman, Stephen J.] Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia. [Johnston, Justine M.] Australian Fisheries Management Author, Canberra Bc, ACT 2610, Australia. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC) [1993/109] FX Quan Hua of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australia provided Delta14C data from Cocos Island and assisted with data acquisition and interpretation. Nancy Grumet Prouty of the US Geological Survey provided assistance with interpreting Indian Ocean Delta14C circulation patterns. Stewart Fallon of the Australian National University provided Delta14C data from the Langkai Island coral. Thomas Guilderson of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory provided Delta14C data from the Lombok Strait coral. Thanks to Claudia Freiss of Grice Marine Laboratory, Edward DeMartini, Robert Humphreys, Ryan Nichols of NOAA Fisheries and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on the manuscript. Funding from the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC Project No. 1993/109) supported this research. Logistical support was provided by the Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics (Australian National University) and the Department of Fisheries (Government of Western Australia). NR 36 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1259 EP 1269 DI 10.1071/MF11080 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 840LA UT WOS:000296440400001 ER PT J AU Palmer, C Murphy, SA Thiele, D Parra, GJ Robertson, KM Beasley, I Austin, CM AF Palmer, Carol Murphy, Stephen A. Thiele, Deborah Parra, Guido J. Robertson, Kelly M. Beasley, Isabel Austin, Chris M. TI Analysis of mitochondrial DNA clarifies the taxonomy and distribution of the Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) in northern Australian waters SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE distribution; mitochondrial DNA; northern Australia ID PACIFIC HUMPBACK DOLPHINS; SUBSTITUTIONS; CONSERVATION; DELPHINIDAE; QUEENSLAND; PROGRAM AB Conservation management relies on being able to identify and describe species. Recent morphological and molecular analyses of the dolphin genus Orcaella show a species-level disjunction between eastern Australia and Southeast Asia. However, because of restricted sampling, the taxonomic affinities of the geographically intermediate populations in the Northern Territory and Western Australia remained uncertain. We sequenced 403 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region from five free-ranging Orcaella individuals sampled from north-western Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Low net nucleotide divergence (0.11-0.67%) among the Australian Orcaella populations show that populations occurring in the Northern Territory and Western Australia belong to the Australian snubfin (O. heinsohni) rather than the Asian Irrawaddy dolphin (O. brevirostris). Clarifying the distribution of Orcaella is an important first step in the conservation and management for both species; however, an understanding of the metapopulation structure and patterns of dispersal among populations is now needed. C1 [Palmer, Carol] Dept Nat Resources Environm Arts & Sport, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. [Palmer, Carol; Austin, Chris M.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Murphy, Stephen A.] Map IT, Malanda, Qld 4885, Australia. [Murphy, Stephen A.] Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Derby, WA 6728, Australia. [Thiele, Deborah] Marequus Pty Ltd, Broome, WA 6725, Australia. [Parra, Guido J.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Parra, Guido J.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst Aquat Sci, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. [Robertson, Kelly M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Beasley, Isabel] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Palmer, C (reprint author), Dept Nat Resources Environm Arts & Sport, POB 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. EM caroll.palmer@nt.gov.au RI Austin, Christopher/J-4527-2012; OI Parra, Guido J./0000-0002-1284-4898 FU Biodiversity Division, Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport; Natural Resource Management Board of the Northern Territory [A06018, CF2007/134]; Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA); Deakin University Animal Welfare Committee [A39/2005]; Department of Environment and Conservation (WA DEC) [SF005072] FX The authors thank Steve Winderlich (Kakadu National Park), Greg Leach, John Woinarski and staff from the Biodiversity Division, Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport for project support. Thanks go to Park and Wildlife Rangers of the Northern Territory, Peter Fitzgerald, Andrew Wood and Adrian McKenzie for their excellent boat driving and to Karen Gibb and staff at Biosciences North Australia, Charles Darwin University, for laboratory support. The Western Australian component of the study is indebted to Andrew McNee, Tony Richards and Marguerite Tarzia for their support. Thanks go to two anonymous referees for helpful comments on the manuscript. Fieldwork in the Northern Territory was carried out under animal ethics Approval No. A06018 and funding from the Natural Resource Management Board of the Northern Territory (Project No. CF2007/134). In Western Australia, fieldwork was facilitated by a grant from the (then) Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA). Biopsy sampling was conducted under animal ethics approval from Deakin University Animal Welfare Committee (Project Ref. No. A39/2005) under a Licence to Take Fauna for Scientific Purposes (SF005072) from the Department of Environment and Conservation (WA DEC). NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 11 BP 1303 EP 1307 DI 10.1071/MF11063 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 840LA UT WOS:000296440400004 ER PT J AU Tribuzio, CA Kruse, GH AF Tribuzio, Cindy A. Kruse, Gordon H. TI Demographic and risk analyses of spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) in the Gulf of Alaska using age-and stage-based population models SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; Leslie models; model comparison; shark ID SHARK POPULATIONS; NATURAL MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; ELASMOBRANCHS; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; ACANTHIAS; PACIFIC AB Demographic models are useful tools for assessing data-limited species and may be an appropriate alternative to cohort analyses for sharks due to their long-lived, slow-growing nature. In this study, age-and stage-based demographic analyses were conducted to examine the intrinsic rebound potential (r) and potential risk of fishing for spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) in the Gulf of Alaska. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to incorporate input parameter uncertainty. For an unfished population, r was estimated to be 0.02-0.03 year(-1). Fishing mortalities (F) of F = 0.04 and 0.03 (age- and stage-based models respectively), resulted in r 0, indicating that populations fished at higher F are not sustainable. Harvest strategies targeting juveniles (age-based model) and subadults (stage-based model) caused the highest risk of the population falling below defined thresholds (B-MSY, B-40% and B-50%) after 20 years. The age-and stage-based models provided similar estimates of r and sustainable fishing mortality, suggesting that the stage-based model is an appropriate substitute for the age-based model in this case. S. suckleyi and the closely related S. acanthias are often harvested around the world and this modelling approach could be useful to the management of these species and other sharks where data is limited. C1 [Tribuzio, Cindy A.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Tribuzio, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM cindy.tribuzio@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; Alaska Fisheries Science Center through the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research FX This report is the result of research sponsored in part by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB), the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center Population Dynamics Fellowship through the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research. We thank V. Gallucci, J. Rice, A. Andrews and W. Strasberger for their involvement in this project, K. Goldman for advice and the Greg Hood of PopTools for software guidance. We thank J. Fujioka, J. Heifetz and the anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. This is NPRB publication number 308. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Likewise, the use of trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2011 VL 62 IS 12 BP 1395 EP 1406 DI 10.1071/MF11062 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 854TO UT WOS:000297517600005 ER PT J AU Stark, JW AF Stark, James W. TI Contrasting the maturation, growth, spatial distribution and vulnerability to environmental warming of Hippoglossoides robustus (Bering flounder) with H. elassodon (flathead sole) in the eastern Bering Sea SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Co-occurrence; distribution; growth; maturity; spawning ID ALASKA AB Two similar appearing congeners, Hippoglossoides robustus (Bering flounder) and H. elassodon (flathead sole), inhabit the Bering Sea and are harvested together during the commercial fishery. In order to establish more precise overfishing limits, the annual spawning biomass must be estimated. Spawning biomass is modelled using the best estimate of the age and length at which 50% of the stock is expected to reach maturity (A(50), L-50). The major objective of this study was to establish the first maturity estimates for Bering flounder. Females matured at a similar age for Bering flounder (A(50), 9 years) and flathead sole (A(50), 10 years). However, the body length at which females matured was significantly smaller for Bering flounder (L-50, 238 mm) compared to flathead sole (L-50, 320 mm). The difference in the length-at-maturity was probably caused by growth differences, which significantly differed between species. The distribution and spawning locations of both species in the eastern Bering Sea survey area was related to the prevailing seawater temperatures and Bering flounder occurred in significantly colder water than flathead sole. The association between cold and the distribution of Bering flounder suggests that this species may be particularly vulnerable to periods of extended sea warming. C1 NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stark, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jim.Stark@noaa.gov RI Stark, James/E-1868-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 8 BP 778 EP 785 DI 10.1080/17451000.2011.569554 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 875ME UT WOS:000299033700005 ER PT J AU Hart, DR Shank, BV AF Hart, Deborah R. Shank, Burton V. TI Mortality of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in the Mid-Atlantic Bight: Comment on Stokesbury et al. (2011) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Scallop; Cancer spp.; Predation; Fishery discards; Density dependence; Placopecten magellanicus ID CANCER-IRRORATUS; PREDATION; DENSITY; CRAB; STARS; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; DYNAMICS; BOTTOM; GMELIN AB Stokesbury et al. (2011; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 425: 167-173) concluded that 10 billion sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus probably died from discarding during fishing operations between surveys in 2003 and 2004, based on the observed reduction in scallops between these 2 surveys. The reported mortality primarily occurred in a very large 2001 year class that was below commercial size in 2003-2004, whereas mortality rates were lower for larger commercial-sized scallops. This pattern is not consistent with mortality from discarding, because commercial scallop dredge gear is designed to retain commercial-sized scallops, allowing a substantial proportion of undersized scallops to escape through the dredge rings. Data from at-sea observers in the Mid-Atlantic indicate that only 319 million scallops were discarded during this period. Non-capture (incidental) fishing mortality was also too low to account for the observed mortality. However, juvenile scallop mortality due to predation increases with their density, primarily induced by crabs Cancer spp. The observed high mortality of juvenile scallops was therefore probably a result of increased predation, rather than discarding. C1 [Hart, Deborah R.; Shank, Burton V.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hart, DR (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM deborah.hart@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 443 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.3354/meps09517 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865HS UT WOS:000298302500021 ER PT J AU Trenkel, VM Ressler, PH Jech, M Giannoulaki, M Taylor, C AF Trenkel, Verena M. Ressler, Patrick H. Jech, Mike Giannoulaki, Marianna Taylor, Chris TI Underwater acoustics for ecosystem-based management: state of the science and proposals for ecosystem indicators SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Active acoustics; Indicators; Ecosystem-based management ID ABUNDANCE-OCCUPANCY RELATIONSHIPS; CONVENTIONAL RESEARCH VESSEL; ANCHOVIES ANCHOA SPP.; EASTERN BERING-SEA; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIFREQUENCY METHOD; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SWIMMING BEHAVIOR; ALWAYS ENCOUNTER AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) requires more extensive information than single-species management. Active underwater acoustic methods provide a means of collecting a wealth of ecosystem information with high space-time resolution. Worldwide fisheries institutes and agencies are carrying out regular acoustic surveys covering many marine shelf ecosystems, but these data are underutilized. In addition, more and more acoustic data collected by vessels of opportunity are becoming available. To encourage their use for EBM, we provide a brief introduction to acoustic and complementary data collection methods in the water column, and review current and potential contributions to monitoring population abundance and biomass, spatial distributions, and predator-prey relationships. Further development of acoustics-derived indicators is needed. We review and propose indicators for assessing and monitoring zooplankton, population dynamics of fish and other nekton, and changes in diversity and food-web functioning. Acoustic methods have the potential to make a strong contribution to EBM. Evaluation of new indicators and suitable reference points in different ecosystems are the current challenges. C1 [Trenkel, Verena M.] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. [Ressler, Patrick H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jech, Mike] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Giannoulaki, Marianna] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Iraklion, Greece. [Taylor, Chris] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28557 USA. RP Trenkel, VM (reprint author), IFREMER, Rue Iile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. EM verena.trenkel@ifremer.fr RI Giannoulaki, Marianna/B-6359-2012; OI Trenkel, Verena/0000-0001-7869-002X NR 169 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 442 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.3354/meps09425 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865HG UT WOS:000298301200022 ER PT J AU Koslow, JA Goericke, R Lara-Lopez, A Watson, W AF Koslow, J. Anthony Goericke, Ralf Lara-Lopez, Ana Watson, William TI Impact of declining intermediate-water oxygen on deepwater fishes in the California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Oxygen; Mesopelagic fishes; Oxygen-minimum zone; Climate change; California Current ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; MARINE MAMMALS; PELAGIC FISHES; TIME-SERIES; FOOD-HABITS; OCEAN; REGION; VARIABILITY; HYPOXIA AB Although declining oxygen concentration has been reported for the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the tropical oceans and the North Pacific Ocean, consistent with model predictions of the effects of global warming, its ecological impacts are poorly understood. We report the apparent impact of declining oxygen on midwater fishes within the OMZ of the southern California Current (CC). Principal component analysis of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ichthyoplankton time series from 1951 to 2008 indicates that the dominant temporal pattern (principal component 1 [PC1]) represents the marked decline of the region's mesopelagic fishes during periods of reduced oxygen. Of the 27 taxa with loadings > 0.5 on PC1, 24 were mesopelagic. PC1 was strongly correlated with intermediate-water oxygen concentrations (r = 0.75, p < 0.05), which were about 20% lower in the past decade and the 1950s than in the period from 1970 to 1995. The abundance of mesopelagic fishes represented by PC1 was reduced, on average, by 63% between periods of high and low oxygen concentrations. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism is the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary layer during periods of reduced oxygen, which renders the mesopelagic fauna more vulnerable to visually orienting predators. The mesopelagic fish fauna provides a vital trophodynamic link between the marine plankton and many higher predators. The decline of deepwater fish populations has profound implications for commercial fisheries, marine food webs and marine conservation: climate models predict a 20 to 40% decline in global deepwater oxygen concentrations over the coming century. C1 [Koslow, J. Anthony; Goericke, Ralf; Lara-Lopez, Ana] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Watson, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Koslow, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jkoslow@ucsd.edu FU NOAA JIMO; California Conservancy Ocean Protection Council FX We thank M. Kortz, G. Sussner and C. Allen for help with data management, analyses and a figure. The project was supported by a NOAA JIMO grant to CalCOFI and a California Conservancy Ocean Protection Council grant to J.A.K.. Three anonymous reviewers contributed significantly to the present paper. NR 65 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 59 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 436 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.3354/meps09270 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 816RM UT WOS:000294619800015 ER PT J AU Rhodes, LD Rice, CA Greene, CM Teel, DJ Nance, SL Moran, P Durkin, CA Gezhegne, SB AF Rhodes, Linda D. Rice, Casimir A. Greene, Correigh M. Teel, David J. Nance, Shelly L. Moran, Paul Durkin, Colleen A. Gezhegne, Surafel B. TI Nearshore ecosystem predictors of a bacterial infection in juvenile Chinook salmon SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Bacterial infection; Risk factor; Horizontal transmission ID KIDNEY-DISEASE BKD; POST-SMOLT PERIOD; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PUGET-SOUND; FRESH-WATER AB Disease epidemiology requires information about ecological and environmental conditions to identify factors that can influence disease progression. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is an endemic disease among Pacific Northwest salmonids that causes significant morbidity and mortality in artificially propagated stocks, but risk factors for infection among free-living salmon are unknown. We evaluated infection by the causative agent of BKD, Renibacterium salmoninarum, in 1752 fish across 52 sampling sites monthly from May to November 2003 as a component of a broader study of neritic habitat use in Puget Sound by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Infection intensity was <= 10 cells per slide for 77% of the fish. Correlations between the density of Chinook salmon with infection prevalence and with infection intensity were observed across multiple spatial scales. Capture location was a stronger predictor of infection than fish origin (based on coded wire tags) or genetic stock. Influential risk factors by logistic regression were temperature, densities of marked and unmarked Chinook salmon, and density of river lamprey Lampetra ayresis. Renibacterium salmoninarum were found in gut contents and kidney of river lamprey, suggesting this species may be a transmission vector. The low infection intensity, lack of an effect of fish origin, effect of capture bay, and strong associations with Chinook salmon density are consistent with horizontal transmission of R. salmoninarum during the juvenile neritic phase, posing a potential for infectious interaction between sympatric hatchery and wild fish. C1 [Rhodes, Linda D.; Rice, Casimir A.; Greene, Correigh M.; Nance, Shelly L.; Moran, Paul; Durkin, Colleen A.; Gezhegne, Surafel B.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Seattle City Light; US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division (Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle) for research vessel and field staff support. F. Sommers was instrumental in ensuring appropriate sample collection. D. Kuligowski collected the genetic data used in the study. E. Smith analyzed the river lamprey samples. Funding support was from Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Internal Grants Program, Seattle City Light, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 432 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.3354/meps09160 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 784NE UT WOS:000292163200014 ER PT J AU Munoz, RC Currin, CA Whitfield, PE AF Munoz, Roldan C. Currin, Carolyn A. Whitfield, Paula E. TI Diet of invasive lionfish on hard bottom reefs of the Southeast USA: insights from stomach contents and stable isotopes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marine invasion; Rocky reef; Scorpaenidae; Warm temperate; Continental shelf; Piscivory; Diet; Prey ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; PTEROIS-VOLITANS/MILES COMPLEX; BAHAMIAN CORAL-REEFS; UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-CAROLINA; FOOD-WEB; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES INVASIONS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR AB The Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles complex) has become widely established along the United States Southeast coast and continues to colonize the Caribbean, yet its biology and ecology is only beginning to be understood. We used stomach contents and stable isotope analyses to determine the diet of lionfish in the warm-temperate hard bottom reef community in the Southeast US Atlantic Ocean. During June to August 2004 and 2006, we collected lionfish with SCUBA from 18 different locations in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, at depths of 30 to 45 m. In 2006, we also conducted visual surveys of small benthic fishes to estimate the abundances of potential prey. Analyses of stomach contents (n = 183) and stable isotopes (n = 115) suggest a generalist carnivorous diet, and prey categories were predominately fish (similar to 99% of total volume) from 16 families. Major differences in the importance of prey occurred between years. Serranidae and Scaridae dominated the diet in 2004, while Haemulidae and Carangidae were important in 2006. Analyses of visual prey surveys did not reveal specialization on particular prey taxa but instead suggest that prey are consumed in relation to their local abundance. Given current theory pertaining to invasive species impacts, the expanding lionfish distribution, and observations that lionfish appear capable of settling to many different habitat types, the overall pattern of generalist piscivory emerging from these data indicates the potential for significant impacts to the invaded community. C1 [Munoz, Roldan C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.; Whitfield, Paula E.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Undersea Research Center in Wilmington, North Carolina; NOAA; NOAA Beaufort Laboratory-Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research FX This work was funded by NOAA's Undersea Research Center in Wilmington, North Carolina, the NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program, and the NOAA Beaufort Laboratory-Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research. D. Kesling, J. Styron, and G. Taylor, provided technical dive training, oversaw dive operations, and collected specimens. C. Addison, C. Coy, B. Degan, J. Hoyt, W. Freshwater, T. Potts, and C. Shemanski assisted with collections and dive operations. M. Lacroix and P. Maddi assisted in sample processing. D. Ahrenholz, T. Kellison, C. Taylor, and 4 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 102 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 8 U2 75 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 432 BP 181 EP U494 DI 10.3354/meps09154 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 784NE UT WOS:000292163200016 ER PT J AU Rosales-Nanduca, H Gerrodette, T Urban-R, J Cardenas-Hinojosa, G Medrano-Gonzalez, L AF Rosales-Nanduca, Hiram Gerrodette, Tim Urban-R, Jorge Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo Medrano-Gonzalez, Luis TI Macroecology of marine mammal species in the Mexican Pacific Ocean: diversity and distribution SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marine macroecology; Marine mammal; Mexican Pacific; Geographic distribution; Species diversity; Species risk; Species commonness ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; DOLPHIN HABITATS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; DELPHINUS; CETACEANS; WHALES; WORLD AB The Mexican Pacific Ocean, defined as east of 122 degrees W and from 12 to 34 degrees N, encompasses an oceanographic transition zone with dynamic population and community processes. In order to gain insight into possible marine mammal ecological responses to the current rapid environmental changes, we compiled and analyzed data from 11 145 marine mammal sightings made between 1981 and 2008 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, and the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. In 2 x 2 degrees cells, we computed alpha and beta diversities in terms of species richness, commonness as the occurrence of species among years, tropicality as the proportion of tropical species, and degree of threat according to the IUCN Red List. Current marine mammal distributions seem to derive from a postglacial northwards expansion of tropical pelagic species and a retention of upwelling-rich tropical and subtropical habitats nearshore by antitropical species. Analysis of commonness indicates that species distributions and thus biogeographic boundaries are dynamic, since marine mammals transit large distances, especially around southern Baja California. Analysis of beta diversity showed a considerable degree of spatial heterogeneity, but without well-defined regions. The species at risk are concentrated in the northern Gulf of California, but also occur off Pacific Baja California, Jalisco, and Guerrero coasts. The Gulf of California could be considered a refuge of global value for these animals. C1 [Rosales-Nanduca, Hiram; Medrano-Gonzalez, Luis] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Gerrodette, Tim] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Urban-R, Jorge; Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, Bcs, Mexico. RP Medrano-Gonzalez, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM medranol@ciencias.unam.mx FU Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas UNAM; H. Armada de Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Ecologia; Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [38605-V]; OBIS Seamap FX We are greatly indebted to all those in NOAA, UABCS, and UNAM who have, at sea or in laboratories, contributed to building the analyzed dataset. We acknowledge in particular the work of A. Aguayo, V. A. Arellano, H. Arita, L. F. Bourillon, M. A. Fernandez, L. T. Findley, A. Gomez, E. Martinez, E. M. Peters, L. Rojas, M. A. Salinas, S. E. Smith, M. J. Vazquez, O. Vidal, many students at UNAM and UABCS, the scientific and operative crews of RV 'El Puma,' as well as the support by Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas UNAM, H. Armada de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de Ecologia, Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (by funding project 38605-V and the scholarship to H.R.N.), and the OBIS Seamap. For the NOAA information, we thank the numerous observers who collected data, the officers and crews of the NOAA vessels, and many people at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NOAA data were collected under research permits issued by the Mexican government, and we thank L. Rojas for allowing access to them. We finally thank L. Ballance and 2 anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 431 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.3354/meps09120 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 781SF UT WOS:000291953100023 ER PT J AU Bostrom, C Pittman, SJ Simenstad, C Kneib, RT AF Bostrom, Christoffer Pittman, Simon J. Simenstad, Charles Kneib, Ronald T. TI Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Landscape ecology; Seascape; Fragmentation; Scale; Edge effects; Patch size; Thresholds; Connectivity ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; REEF FISH COMMUNITIES; INFAUNAL MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; SEAGRASS LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; CRITICAL TRANSITION ZONES; INTERTIDAL SALT-MARSHES; JERSEY ENGLISH-CHANNEL; BLUE-CRAB SURVIVAL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PATCH SIZE AB We review the progress made in the emerging field of coastal seascape ecology, i.e. the application of landscape ecology concepts and techniques to the coastal marine environment. Since the early 1990s, the landscape ecology approach has been applied in several coastal subtidal and intertidal biogenic habitats across a range of spatial scales. Emerging evidence indicates that animals in these seascapes respond to the structure of patches and patch mosaics in different ways and at different spatial scales, yet we still know very little about the ecological significance of these relationships and the consequences of change in seascape patterning for ecosystem functioning and overall biodiversity. Ecological interactions that occur within patches and among different types of patches (or seascapes) are likely to be critically important in maintaining primary and secondary production, trophic transfer, biodiversity, coastal protection, and supporting a wealth of ecosystem goods and services. We review faunal responses to patch and seascape structure, including effects of fragmentation on 5 focal habitats: seagrass meadows, salt marshes, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and oyster reefs. Extrapolating and generalizing spatial relationships between ecological patterns and processes across scales remains a significant challenge, and we show that there are major gaps in our understanding of these relationships. Filling these gaps will be crucial for managing and responding to an inevitably changing coastal environment. We show that critical ecological thresholds exist in the structural patterning of biogenic ecosystems that, when exceeded, cause abrupt shifts in the distribution and abundance of organisms. A better understanding of faunal-seascape relationships, including the identifications of threshold effects, is urgently needed to support the development of more effective and holistic management actions in restoration, site prioritization, and forecasting the impacts of environmental change. C1 [Bostrom, Christoffer] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci Environm & Marine Biol, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. [Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Simenstad, Charles] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kneib, Ronald T.] Univ Georgia, Inst Marine, Sapelo Isl, GA 31327 USA. [Kneib, Ronald T.] RTK Consulting Serv, Hillsboro, NM 88042 USA. RP Bostrom, C (reprint author), Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci Environm & Marine Biol, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. EM cbostrom@abo.fi FU Abo Akademi University Endowment; National Science Foundation; NOAA Biogeography Branch FX The Research Institute of the Abo Akademi University Endowment is acknowledged for providing financial support to C. B. to attend the seascape ecology session at the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation annual conference in November 2009 in Portland, OR, USA. S.J.P. acknowledges the support of the NOAA Biogeography Branch and NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; R. T. K. acknowledges the University of Georgia President's Venture Fund for providing travel support, and C. S. acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation. NR 224 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 16 U2 185 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 427 BP 191 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps09051 PG 27 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 749SM UT WOS:000289489800016 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Miller, TJ Pittman, SJ AF Kendall, Matthew S. Miller, Thomas J. Pittman, Simon J. TI Patterns of scale-dependency and the influence of map resolution on the seascape ecology of reef fish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Landscape ecology; Scale; Coral reef; Home range; Habitat ID MAMMAL SPECIES RICHNESS; MINIMUM MAPPING UNIT; CORAL-REEFS; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; HABITAT DIVERSITY; SEAGRASS BEDS; ACANTHURUS-COERULEUS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; MIGRATION PATTERNS AB Detection and perception of ecological relationships between biota and their surrounding habitats is sensitive to analysis scale and resolution of habitat data. We measured strength of univariate linear correlations between reef fish and seascape variables at multiple spatial scales (25 to 800 m). Correlation strength was used to identify the scale that best associates fish to their surrounding habitat. To evaluate the influence of map resolution, seascape variables were calculated based on 4 separate benthic maps produced using 2 levels of spatial and thematic resolution, respectively. Individual seascape variables explained only 25% of the variability in fish distributions. Length of reef edge was correlated with more aspects of the fish assemblage than other features. Area of seagrass and bare sand correlated with distribution of many fish, not just obligate users. No fish variables correlated with habitat diversity. Individual fish species achieved a wider range of correlations than mobility guilds or the entire fish assemblage. Scales of peak correlation were the same for juveniles and adults in a majority of comparisons. Highly mobile species exhibited broader scales of peak correlation than either resident or moderately mobile fish. Use of different input maps changed perception of the strength and even the scale of peak correlations for many comparisons involving hard bottom edge length and area of sand, whereas results were consistent regardless of map type for comparisons involving area of seagrass and habitat diversity. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 427 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.3354/meps08945 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 749SM UT WOS:000289489800020 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Essington, TE Greene, CM Rice, CA Fresh, KL AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Essington, Timothy E. Greene, Correigh M. Rice, Casimir A. Fresh, Kurt L. TI Multiscale influence of climate on estuarine populations of forage fish: the role of coastal upwelling, freshwater flow and temperature SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Puget Sound; Pacific herring; Surf smelt; Deviance partitioning; Upwelling; Fish recruitment ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLUPEA-PALLASI; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PUGET-SOUND; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; BERING-SEA; EARLY-LIFE; RECRUITMENT; MARINE AB We examined how local-and regional-scale environmental drivers affect patterns of abundance and recruitment in 2 abundant and ecologically significant forage fishes (Pacific herring Clupea pallasi and surf smelt Hypomesus pretiosus) in the Skagit River estuary (Puget Sound, Washington, USA). We identified associations between survey catch rates and environmental conditions at 2 scales: within-season distributional shifts in response to local environmental conditions, and inter-annual patterns of relative year class strength related to both local-and regional-scale drivers. Using monthly data that spanned a 9 yr period, we found that a small proportion (< 2%) of the total deviance in catch rates for both species was related to within-estuary variation in surface water temperature and salinity but that a larger fraction (7 and 12% for Pacific herring and surf smelt, respectively) was explained by interannual variation in recruitment strength. Annual abundance indices for both species were uncorrelated with cumulative river discharge and regional sea surface temperature but positively correlated with an index of cumulative coastal upwelling, suggesting a linkage between regional-scale environmental conditions and age-0 recruitment. Moreover, our annual age-0 Pacific herring time series was positively correlated with a similar time series from the Strait of Georgia (similar to 100 km north), further suggesting that age-0 recruitment in these populations is synchronized by regional upwelling as opposed to estuary-specific environmental forcing related to river flows. The present study isolates a potential key process governing age-0 forage fish abundance in this system and highlights the importance of simultaneously evaluating patterns of variability across multiple spatiotemporal scales in order to identify the primary pathways through which climate may impact estuarine populations. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.; Rice, Casimir A.; Fresh, Kurt L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM reumj@u.washington.edu FU NOAA Fisheries and the Washington State Department of Ecology; University of Washington Climate Impacts Group FX Fish collection was funded by NOAA Fisheries and the Washington State Department of Ecology's Intensively Monitored Watersheds Program. Data were conducted by the NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center with additional planning, logistical and staff support provided by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center and the Skagit River System Cooperative. We are particularly grateful for the field contributions of J. Chamberlin, N. Elder, A. Hall, J. Hall, A. Kagley, J. King, D. Lomax, W. Mowitt, P. Plesha, P. Polte, and D. Rudy. N. Mantua, J. Schweigert and 2 anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. J. C. P. R. was supported by funding from the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 425 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.3354/meps08997 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 735GG UT WOS:000288400800016 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Edwards, EF AF Noren, S. R. Edwards, E. F. TI Infant position in mother-calf dolphin pairs: formation locomotion with hydrodynamic benefits SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Cetaceans; Formation; Kinematics; Locomotion; Odontocetes; Swimming ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ODONTOCETE CETACEANS; FORMATION FLIGHT; SPATIAL RELATIONS; SWIMMING SPEEDS; ENERGY SAVINGS; TAIL BEAT; FISH; BIRDS AB Cetacean mother-calf dyads demonstrate formation locomotion that may provide hydrodynamic and/or social benefits. For example, echelon position (calf in close proximity of its mother's mid-lateral flank) enables calves to increase swim performance at reduced locomotor effort compared to periods of solitary swimming. Yet cetacean mother-calf dyads are also observed in infant position (calf in close proximity underneath its mother's tailstock), thus we wondered if infant positioning also provides hydrodynamic benefits to calves. Social and hydrodynamic benefits of infant position have both been hypothesized previously, but the logistical difficulties of conducting experiments on free-swimming mother-calf dolphin dyads have precluded empirical quantifications of kinematics until now. We demonstrated that 0 to 98 d old calves of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus are afforded locomotor advantages while swimming in infant position with their mothers. Calves in infant position had reduced locomotor effort via a 24% reduction in fluke stroke amplitude compared to periods of solitary swimming. Yet stroke frequency (the other component of locomotor effort) and swim performance (swim speed) were not different between infant position and solitary swimming. Although swimming in infant position provided some hydrodynamic benefits to calves, these benefits paled in comparison to those afforded to calves maintaining echelon position. Given that echelon position provides the best hydrodynamic benefits, we speculate that older, stronger swimming calves are predominately in infant position because by relinquishing some hydrodynamic benefits of echelon position they gain important social benefits of infant position, particularly camouflage from predators, which undoubtedly plays a vital role in calf survival. C1 [Noren, S. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Edwards, E. F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu FU Protected Resources Division at SWFSC FX We thank the lab group of T. Williams of the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), and J. Redfern and N. Kellar of Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) for insightful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We are particularly thankful to Dolphin Quest, especially J. Sweeney and R. Stone, for providing animals and partial funding for this study. This project would not have been possible without additional financial support from the Protected Resources Division at SWFSC. We also thank the staff at Dolphin Quest Hawaii (particularly C. Buczyna) for their assistance during data collection, T. Williams of UCSC for the use of her Peak Motus system, J. Redfern of SWFSC for assistance with data management, and E. Ryan for data entry. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 424 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps08986 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 729QT UT WOS:000287966400019 ER PT J AU Arnould, JPY Cherel, Y Gibbens, J White, JG Littnan, CL AF Arnould, J. P. Y. Cherel, Y. Gibbens, J. White, J. G. Littnan, C. L. TI Stable isotopes reveal inter-annual and inter-individual variation in the diet of female Australian fur seals SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Australian fur seal; Otariid; Stable isotopes; Diet; Bass Strait; Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS; LION NEOPHOCA-CINEREA; FORAGING STRATEGIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TROPHIC LEVEL; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; PUP PRODUCTION AB Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of foraging habits of apex predators is central to understanding their role in marine ecosystems and how their populations may respond to environmental variability. In the present study, stable isotope analysis (C and N) of blood was used to investigate inter-individual and inter-annual differences in the diet of adult female Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. Positive correlations were observed between red cell and plasma values for delta C-13 and delta N-15 (r(2) = 0.47 and r(2) = 0.66, respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases), suggesting relatively consistent individual prey choices over 3 or 4 foraging trips. Mean delta N-15 values (12.8 to 17.5%) confirm the species occupies the highest marine trophic niche in the region. A significant decrease in plasma delta N-15 values, corresponding to two-thirds of a trophic level (ca. 2%), was observed between the 1998 to 2000 and 2003 to 2005 sampling periods. This was associated with a significant decrease in adult female body condition and is consistent with a decline, previously documented by faecal analysis, of the proportion of red cod Pseudophysis bachus, barracouta Thyrsites atun and Gould's squid Nototodarus gouldi in the diet and an increase in redbait Emmelichthys nitidus. While substantial variation in delta N-15 was observed within each age cohort, a significant decrease was observed with age, suggesting individual specialisation for particular prey types is evident early in adulthood, but that its composition changes as females age. In addition, generalized linear models indicated body mass had a negative influence on delta N-15, which may reflect larger total body oxygen stores, facilitating individuals hunting cryptic prey of lower trophic level (e.g. octopus) on the sea floor. C1 [Arnould, J. P. Y.; White, J. G.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. [Cherel, Y.] Ctr Etud Biol Chize, CNRS, UPR 1934, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France. [Gibbens, J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Littnan, C. L.] NOAA Fisheries, PIFSC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Arnould, JPY (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. EM jarnould@deakin.edu.au RI White, John/A-4285-2008; Arnould, John/E-8386-2011 OI Arnould, John/0000-0003-1124-9330 NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 422 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.3354/meps08933 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 715ZD UT WOS:000286933500026 ER PT J AU Barrett-Lennard, LG Matkin, CO Durban, JW Saulitis, EL Ellifrit, D AF Barrett-Lennard, Lance G. Matkin, Craig O. Durban, John W. Saulitis, Eva L. Ellifrit, David TI Predation on gray whales and prolonged feeding on submerged carcasses by transient killer whales at Unimak Island, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foraging strategy; Predatory behavior; Prey catching; Scavenger; Killer whale; Gray whale; Brown bear; Sleeper shark ID PACIFIC SLEEPER SHARK; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ORCINUS-ORCA; NORTH PACIFIC; BALEEN WHALES; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HUMPBACK WHALES; SEA OTTERS; BEHAVIOR AB As apex predators, killer whales Orcinus orca are expected to strongly influence the structure of marine communities by impacting the abundance, distribution, behavior, and evolution of their prey. Empirical assessments of these impacts are difficult, however, because killer whales are sparsely distributed, highly mobile, and difficult to observe. We present a 4 yr time series of observations of foraging and feeding behavior of >150 transient killer whales that aggregate annually during the northbound migration of gray whales past Unimak Island, Alaska. Most predatory attacks were on gray whale Eschrichtius robustus calves or yearlings and were quickly abandoned if calves were aggressively defended by their mothers. Attacks were conducted by groups of 3 to 4 killer whales, which attempted to drown their prey. Gray whales generally tried to move into shallow water along the shoreline when attacked; if they succeeded in reaching depths of 3 m or less, attacks were abandoned. Kills occurred in waters from 15 to 75 m deep or were moved into such areas after death. After some hours of feeding, the carcasses were usually left, but were re-visited and fed on by killer whales over several days. Carcasses or pieces of prey that floated onshore were actively consumed by brown bears Ursus arctos, and carcasses on the bottom were fed on by sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus, apparently increasing the local density of both species. C1 [Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Vancouver Aquarium, Cetacean Res Program, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. [Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6B 1Z4, Canada. [Matkin, Craig O.; Saulitis, Eva L.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Durban, John W.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ellifrit, David] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Barrett-Lennard, LG (reprint author), Vancouver Aquarium, Cetacean Res Program, POB 3232, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada. EM lance.barrett-lennard@vanaqua.org FU Alaska SeaLife Center; Northwest Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium; North Gulf Oceanic Society; Vancouver Aquarium Killer Whale Adoption Program FX Many people contributed to this project in important ways. We thank in particular our skippers M. Britain, M. Ensley, and B. Laukitis; colleagues, friends, and crew members who assisted with Unimak Island field trips, including R. Andrews, H. Fearnbach, C. Guinet, P. Jonsson, S. Goulette, L. Herrick, L. Mazzuca, S. Moore, D. Power, B. Small, and S. Puddicombe; and colleagues assisting with advice, analysis, and reviews, including A. Trites, K. Noyes, and D. Sandilands. We also acknowledge logistic support from the Isanotski Corporation and funding from the Alaska SeaLife Center, the Northwest Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium, the North Gulf Oceanic Society, and the Vancouver Aquarium Killer Whale Adoption Program. We are grateful to A. Miscampbell for help with genetic analyses and to C. Ritland for providing access to the University of British Columbia's Genetic Data Centre. Finally, we thank J. K. B. Ford and 3 anonymous referees for thoughtful and helpful reviews that greatly improved the paper. The field research reported here was authorized under US National Marine Fisheries Service permits No. 545-1488-01 and 545-1761-00. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 61 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2011 VL 421 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.3354/meps08906 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 708UW UT WOS:000286390800020 ER PT J AU Rowles, TK Schwacke, LS Wells, RS Saliki, JT Hansen, L Hohn, A Townsend, F Sayre, RA Hall, AJ AF Rowles, T. K. Schwacke, L. S. Wells, R. S. Saliki, J. T. Hansen, L. Hohn, A. Townsend, F. Sayre, R. A. Hall, A. J. TI Evidence of susceptibility to morbillivirus infection in cetaceans from the United States SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE infectious disease; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; serology; Atlantic Ocean ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; SEALS HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; HARBOR SEALS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; AQUATIC MAMMALS; MARINE MAMMALS AB P>Cetacean morbilliviruses (CeMV) are viruses that can cause mass mortalities among various odontocete species. In this study levels of "herd" immunity in cetaceans from the U.S. coast are described from the distribution and prevalence of antibodies against morbilliviruses. Neutralizing antibody titers against dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), porpoise morbillivirus (PMV), phocine distemper (PDV), and canine distemper viruses (CDV) were measured. Positive samples had higher titers against the CeMV than against the other morbilliviruses tested, indicating that although PDV or CDV can be used to investigate exposure their use may result in a higher false negative rate. The results suggest that morbillivirus did not persist in coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) after the major outbreaks that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Bottlenose dolphins from Beaufort, North Carolina; St. Joseph Bay, Florida; and Cape May, New Jersey had anti-DMV seroprevalences ranging from between 15% and 33% but those from Charleston, South Carolina and Sarasota Bay, Florida, sampled in recent years were largely negative. These latter groups are therefore now vulnerable to infection and could experience high mortality if exposed to CeMV. Sero-surveys of this kind are therefore vital for assessing the risk of new and recurring viral outbreaks in coastal cetaceans. C1 [Hall, A. J.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Rowles, T. K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Schwacke, L. S.; Sayre, R. A.] NOAAs Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wells, R. S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Saliki, J. T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hansen, L.; Hohn, A.] NOAA Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Townsend, F.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Sayre, R. A.] NOAAs Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. EM ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011; Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062; FU NMFS; Dolphin Quest; Chicago Zoological Society FX We thank the many researchers who participated in the live capture-release efforts in Beaufort, NC; Charleston, SC; Sarasota, FL; and St. Joseph Bay, FL. Sampling in Beaufort, NC and Charleston, SC was conducted by NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center under NMFS Scientific Research Permit Nos. 960 and 779-1681-00. Sampling in St. Joseph Bay, Florida was conducted under NMFS Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program Permit No. Permit No. 932-1489. Field sampling in Sarasota, Florida, was conducted under NMFS Scientific Research Permit Nos. 522-1569 and 522-1785, approved by the Mote Marine Laboratory Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and supported by NMFS, Dolphin Quest, and the Chicago Zoological Society. We also extend our thanks to the dedicated volunteers of the U. S. Southeast and Northeast Marine Mammal Stranding Networks. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00393.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200001 ER PT J AU Noren, DP AF Noren, Dawn P. TI Estimated field metabolic rates and prey requirements of resident killer whales SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE energetics; Orcinus orca; killer whale; marine mammal; metabolism; prey consumption ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; STELLER SEA LIONS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; ORCINUS-ORCA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; MARINE MAMMALS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; DIVING METABOLISM AB P>Killer whales are large animals that often feed in groups and thus have the potential to deplete prey populations. Determining predator energy requirements is essential to assessing whether prey availability is sufficient. This is important because one risk factor facing the endangered Southern Resident killer whale distinct population segment is limited prey availability. Body mass, field metabolic rate (FMR), and daily prey energy requirements (DPERs) were estimated for each individual in the population. FMRs were calculated from body mass, assuming they range from five to six times Kleiber-predicted basal metabolic rates. FMRs of adults were also calculated from resident killer whale activity budgets and the metabolic cost of swimming at speeds associated with daily activities. These two methods yielded similar results. Total FMRs varied by age and sex, which is partly due to the long developmental period and sexual dimorphism in killer whales. FMRs for males (465-4,434 kg) ranged from 35,048 to 228,216 kcal/d while FMRs for females (465-3,338 kg) ranged from 35,048 to 184,444 kcal/d. DPERs were calculated from FMRs assuming a standard digestive efficiency. Corresponding DPERs ranged from 41,376 to 269,458 kcal/d and 41,376 to 217,775 kcal/d, respectively. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Ecol Team, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Noren, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Ecol Team, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 60 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00386.x PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200004 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Harting, AL Wurth, TA Johanos, TC AF Baker, Jason D. Harting, Albert L. Wurth, Tracy A. Johanos, Thea C. TI Dramatic shifts in Hawaiian monk seal distribution predicted from divergent regional trends SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; survival; reproduction; population growth rate ID MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; ABUNDANCE; SIZE; NORTHWESTERN; MORTALITY; MODEL AB P>Total estimated abundance of Hawaiian monk seals was just 1,161 individuals in 2008 and this number is decreasing. Most monk seals reside in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) where the decline is approximately 4%/yr, whereas relatively fewer seals currently occupy the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). It is widely accepted that the MHI population is increasing, although there are no formal estimates of total abundance, population growth rate or vital rates. This lack of information has hampered efforts to anticipate future scenarios and plan conservation measures. We present the first estimates of MHI monk seal survival and age-specific reproductive rates. Using these rates, a conservative estimate of current MHI abundance and a previously published stochastic simulation model, we estimate the MHI population growth rate and projected abundance trend. Analogous estimates for the NWHI are derived from a much richer data set. Estimated survival from weaning to age 1 yr is 77% in the MHI, much higher than recent NWHI estimates ranging from 42% to 57%. Moreover, MHI females begin reproducing at a younger age and attain higher birth rates than observed in the NWHI. The estimated MHI intrinsic rate of population growth is 1.07 compared to a 0.89-0.96 range in the NWHI. Assuming an initial abundance of 152 animals in the MHI, projections indicate that if current demographic trends continue, abundance in the NWHI and MHI will equalize in approximately 15 yr. These results underscore the imperative to mitigate the NWHI decline while devoting conservation efforts to foster population growth in the MHI, where documented threats including fishery interactions, direct killing, and disease could rapidly undo the current fragile positive trend. C1 [Baker, Jason D.; Johanos, Thea C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Harting, Albert L.] Harting Biol Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. [Wurth, Tracy A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 78 EP 93 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00395.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200005 ER PT J AU Toth, JL Hohn, AA Able, KW Gorgone, AM AF Toth, Jacalyn L. Hohn, Aleta A. Able, Kenneth W. Gorgone, Antoinette M. TI Patterns of seasonal occurrence, distribution, and site fidelity of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in southern New Jersey, USA SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; New Jersey; photo identification; stock structure; site fidelity; discovery curve; habitat ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; HABITAT USE; CALIFORNIA; MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE; CAROLINA; ECOLOGY; BAY; PERSPECTIVE AB P>Coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) form a mosaic of resident and seasonal migratory populations along the United States Atlantic seaboard. Seasonal, poorly known migrants (identified as a separate stock) move as far north as New Jersey. During 2003-2005, 73 boat-based photo-identification surveys were conducted in southern New Jersey to discern seasonal occurrence, distribution, and patterns of movement and site fidelity. Neonates, young-of-year, and adults occurred in the study area from late May through late September, corresponding to water temperatures of 14.0-16.3 degrees C. Of 205 individuals identified, 44% (n = 90) were sighted multiple times within or among years, including 10% (n = 20) of individuals identified in all 3 yr. Almost half (47%) of the multiple sightings were observed along a core area encompassed by the southern part of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve. In contrast to stocks studied in southern coastal areas of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, estuaries were used significantly less than open-beach habitat, which is consistent with the relative prey abundance in these habitats. Research at additional sites will help confirm whether bottlenose dolphins at the northern end of their migratory range exhibit local site fidelity and habitat preferences similar to those found in this study. C1 [Toth, Jacalyn L.; Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.; Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Toth, JL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, 800,132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. EM toth@marine.rutgers.edu RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC); Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS), Tuckerton, New Jersey FX The authors thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), and the Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS), Tuckerton, New Jersey, for funding and support. The authors thank Stacy Hagan, Jaime Fraser, Steve Zeck, Kieran Lyons (RUMFS), and many other volunteers for their time and assistance with this project. This research was conducted under NOAA permit #779-1633-00. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 94 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00396.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200006 ER PT J AU Powell, JR Wells, RS AF Powell, Jessica R. Wells, Randall S. TI Recreational fishing depredation and associated behaviors involving common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE depredation; behavior; recreational fishing; human interactions; common bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; foraging; red tide; Karenia brevis ID TOUR BOATS; FISHERIES; GEAR; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; WHALES; IMPACT; BLOOMS AB P>Odontocete depredation involves stealing or damaging bait or prey already captured by fishing gear. The increase in depredation is of concern for small stocks of cetaceans because interactions with fishing gear can lead to serious injury or mortality through entanglement or ingestion. Using long-term data sets available for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) community in Sarasota Bay, Florida, we investigated recreational fishing gear interactions by (1) examining temporal patterns in depredation and associated behaviors from 2000 to 2007; (2) quantifying the behavior of dolphins that depredate or engage in associated behaviors; and (3) identifying factors associated with the rise in depredation locally. The number of incidents of dolphins (primarily adult males) interacting with recreational anglers and boaters increased following 2004. Depredation and associated behaviors increased during red tide lags and tourist seasons during times of prey depletion and heightened angler and boater activity. Dolphins with a history of fishing gear interactions shifted away from natural activity patterns and were more likely to be within 50 m of fishing lines. Recreational fishing gear interactions were attributed to a two percent population decline in Sarasota Bay in 2006 and need to be considered along with other cumulative human impacts in the development of conservation measures for dolphins. C1 [Powell, Jessica R.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Powell, Jessica R.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Powell, JR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, 233 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM jessica.powell@noaa.gov FU Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Fish Florida FX We thank our dedicated interns and volunteers, especially Kim Atwater, Robin Bisel, Kristen Burtch, Mauricio Cantor, Catherine Deveau, Rachel Eubank, Kerry Foltz, Ellie Glasser, Rebeccah Hazelkorn, and Carolyn Kovacs, whose superb efforts made data collection possible. We also thank Dr. David Mann, Dr. Andy Read, and members of the SDRP and Mann labs for their insightful feedback with project design and analysis. We thank Gary Kirkpatrick and the MML Phytoplankton Ecology Lab for providing K. Brevis cell concentration data. We thank Stacey Horstman and Trevor Spradlin for their time and comments. This work was supported by the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Fish Florida, and an assistantship from the University of South Florida, College of Marine Science. This research was conducted under U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 522-1785. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00401.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200007 ER PT J AU Mizroch, SA Tillman, MF Jurasz, S Straley, JM von Ziegesar, O Herman, LM Pack, AA Baker, S Darling, J Glockner-Ferrari, D Ferrari, M Salden, DR Clapham, PJ AF Mizroch, Sally A. Tillman, Michael F. Jurasz, Susan Straley, Janice M. von Ziegesar, Olga Herman, Louis M. Pack, Adam A. Baker, Scott Darling, Jim Glockner-Ferrari, Debbie Ferrari, Mark Salden, Dan R. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Long-term survival of humpback whales radio-tagged in Alaska from 1976 through 1978 SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; approach methodology; habitat use; longevity; survival; migratory destination; photo-identification; wound healing ID NARWHALS MONODON-MONOCEROS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NORTH PACIFIC; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SATELLITE TRACKING; BOWHEAD WHALES; MOVEMENTS; ISLAND; SOUND AB P>Invasive tags designed to provide information on animal movements through radio or satellite monitoring have tremendous potential for the study of whales and other cetaceans. However, to date there have been no published studies on the survival of tagged animals over periods of years or decades. Researchers from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tracked five humpback whales with implanted radio tags in southeastern Alaska in August 1976 and July 1977, and tracked two humpback whales in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in June 1978. All seven of these individually identified humpback whales were resighted at least 20 yr after first being tagged, and five of the seven have been observed for more than 30 yr; some of them are among the most resighted humpback whales in the North Pacific. Photos of tagging sites taken during and subsequent to tagging operations show persistent but superficial scarring and no indication of infection. These pioneering field studies demonstrated both long-term survival of the whales and the short-term effects of deploying radio tags, which at the time were larger and more invasive than those typically used today. C1 [Tillman, Michael F.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jurasz, Susan] SeaSearch & Sea Reach Ltd, Sheridan, OR 97378 USA. [Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [von Ziegesar, Olga] N Gulf Ocean Soc Eye Whale, Fritz Creek, AK 99603 USA. [Herman, Louis M.; Pack, Adam A.] Dolphin Inst, Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Lab, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Herman, Louis M.; Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii Hilo AAP, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Baker, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Darling, Jim] W Coast Whale Res Fdn, Vancouver, BC V6K 2S2, Canada. [Glockner-Ferrari, Debbie; Ferrari, Mark] Ctr Whale Studies, Lahaina, HI 96767 USA. [Salden, Dan R.] Hawaii Whale Res Fdn, Lahaina, HI 96767 USA. [Mizroch, Sally A.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mizroch, SA (reprint author), 249 Sea View Court, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. EM sally.mizroch@noaa.gov RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016 OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909 FU Exxon Valdez Trustee Council FX In 1976 and 1977 the NMML team included M. F. Tillman, D. W. Rice, A. A. Wolman, and J. H. Johnson. Other cooperating scientists included C. M. Jurasz, owner of the Ginjur and an independent consultant with many years of experience studying humpback whales in southeastern Alaska; and R. S. Payne, New York Zoological Society. In 1977 additional researchers included A. A. Berzin, Pacific Research and Fisheries Center (TINRO) in Vladivostok, V. A. Zemsky, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fishery and Oceanography (VNIRO), R. V. Miller, NMFS Marine Mammal and Endangered Species Division and V. F. Galluci, University of Washington. In 1978 the WHOI team, led by W. A. Watkins, included W. E. Schevill, Romaine Maiefski, K. Moore, D. Wartzok (The Johns Hopkins University), and J. H. Johnson and A. A. Wolman (NMML). Josh London and Janice Waite (both of NMML) provided constructive review comments. Jennifer Cedarleaf (University of Alaska Southeast (UAS), Christine Gabriele (Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve) and Jeff Jacobsen (Humboldt State University) provided data on sighting histories from southeastern Alaska, 1980-2009. Craig Matkin and Eva Saulitis (North Gulf Oceanic Society), John Moran and Suzie Teerlink (Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL)), Kate and Andy McLaughlin (McLaughlin Environmental Service, MCES) provided data on sighting histories for Prince William Sound. Data collection from Prince William Sound during the fall and winters of 2006-2009 was funded by the Exxon Valdez Trustee Council through contracts to NMFS ABL, UAS, Sitka Sound Science Center and MCES. All data were collected under NMFS authorized scientific marine mammal research permits. John Lindsay and Paul Hillman (NOAA Ocean Media Center) provided a digitized version of the film footage taken during the tagging studies. The film footage helped confirm the humpback whale field identification for the 1976 field season. This article is dedicated to the memory of whale biologist Allen A. Wolman (1933-2009), who participated in all of these early tagging studies and curated NMMLs humpback whale photo-identification collection in the early years. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00391.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 700QU UT WOS:000285760200013 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Soles, Christopher L. TI Silsesquioxanes in nanoscale patterning applications SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT MATERIALS; FLASH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY POROSIMETRY; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; ORGANOSILICATE FILMS; HYBRID MATERIALS; TEMPLATES AB Silsesquioxanes are inorganic-organic hybrid materials that combine the mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability of ceramics with the solution processing and flexibility of traditional soft materials. In this review we discuss how these attributes naturally lend themselves to a diverse range of nanoscale patterning applications. In comparison with traditional lithographic resists, the ceramic-like nature of the silsesquioxanes offers many advantages in terms of the mechanical and physical properties that are important for nanoscale patterning media. Beyond just creating physical patterns, silsesquioxanes can also be engineered to exhibit a wide range of functional properties that transcend the notion of resists being used singularly as a sacrificial component to transfer a pattern into functional materials. In this manuscript we will highlight some of the salient chemistries behind these materials that are relevant to nanoscale patterning applications and review the technical applications where patterned silsesquioxanes are being seriously considered. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1-2 BP 20 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70019-0 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 725MU UT WOS:000287649800018 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Lawrence, JF AF Kacker, Raghu N. Lawrence, James F. TI Derivation of isosceles trapezoidal distributions SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rectangular distribution; trapezoidal distribution AB The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) (ISO 1995, Geneva: International Organization for Standardization) notes that an isosceles trapezoidal distribution often expresses the state of knowledge probabilities better than a rectangular distribution. The GUM lends further support to an isosceles trapezoidal distribution by interpreting it as a rectangular distribution whose inexactly known half-width may be represented by a (narrower) rectangular distribution. This interpretation is not exactly correct. It turns out that if the inexact knowledge about the half-width is represented by a rectangular distribution, then the resulting distribution is a variation of the isosceles trapezoid whose sloping sides are curved, an isocurvilinear trapezoidal distribution. The isosceles trapezoid can be regarded as an approximation to the isocurvilinear trapezoid. Therefore the GUM's interpretation is approximately correct. Question: does a probability distribution exist for the inexactly known half-width for which the resulting distribution is the isosceles trapezoid recommended in the GUM? We show that the isosceles trapezoidal distribution results when the inexact knowledge about the half-width is represented by a truncated right triangular distribution. The truncated right triangular distribution looks like a modification of the rectangular distribution whose top is sloping. The required truncated right triangular distribution has the same midpoint and the same second moment about the midpoint as the rectangular distribution on the same interval. It is often difficult for a metrologist to express the state of inexact knowledge about the half-width in terms of a well-defined probability distribution function. However, a metrologist can be expected to specify approximate limits for the inexactly known half-width. At least two probability distributions exist for the half-width for which the resulting distribution is isosceles trapezoid exactly or approximately. Therefore the isosceles trapezoidal distribution recommended in the GUM may be used as an approximation when only approximate limits for the half-width can be specified. C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Lawrence, James F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawrence, James F.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; james.lawrence@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 AR 015106 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/1/015106 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 693QT UT WOS:000285240000010 ER PT B AU Rowe, BW Freeman, BD Paul, DR AF Rowe, B. W. Freeman, B. D. Paul, D. R. BE Drioli, E Barbieri, G TI Physical Aging of Membranes for Gas Separations SO MEMBRANE ENGINEERING FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASES, VOL 1: GAS-SEPARATION PROBLEMS WITH MEMBRANES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLASSY POLYMER-FILMS; 6FDA-BASED POLYIMIDE MEMBRANES; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES; CARBOXYL ACID GROUPS; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; FREE-VOLUME; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CROSS-LINKING; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES C1 [Rowe, B. W.; Freeman, B. D.; Paul, D. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rowe, B. W.; Freeman, B. D.; Paul, D. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rowe, B. W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rowe, BW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84973-171-3; 978-1-84973-347-2 PY 2011 BP 58 EP 83 D2 10.1039/9781849733472 PG 26 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BA8NU UT WOS:000338324300004 ER PT B AU Rincon, L Allison, TC Gonzalez, CA AF Rincon, Luis Allison, Thomas C. Gonzalez, Carlos A. BE Allison, TC Coskuner, O Gonzalez, CA TI Tight Binding Methods for Metallic Systems SO METALLIC SYSTEMS: A QUANTUM CHEMIST'S PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; GOLD CLUSTERS; NOBLE-METALS; DFTB METHOD; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION C1 [Rincon, Luis; Allison, Thomas C.; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. RP Rincon, L (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6086-7; 978-1-4200-6077-5 PY 2011 BP 225 EP 265 PG 41 WC Chemistry, Physical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC7ZG UT WOS:000355427000009 ER PT B AU Simon-Manso, Y Gonzalez, CA Fuentealba, P AF Simon-Manso, Yamil Gonzalez, Carlos A. Fuentealba, Patricio BE Allison, TC Coskuner, O Gonzalez, CA TI Exploring the Borderland between Physics and Chemistry: Theoretical Methods in the Study of Atomic Clusters SO METALLIC SYSTEMS: A QUANTUM CHEMIST'S PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRON LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; CAPPED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; LITHIUM CLUSTERS; SODIUM CLUSTERS; SILICON CLUSTERS; CHEMICAL-BONDS; BASIS SETS C1 [Simon-Manso, Yamil; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem References Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fuentealba, Patricio] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. RP Simon-Manso, Y (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem References Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6086-7; 978-1-4200-6077-5 PY 2011 BP 371 EP 394 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC7ZG UT WOS:000355427000012 ER PT S AU Attota, R Dixson, RG Kramar, JA Potzick, JE Vladar, AE Bunday, B Novak, E Rudack, A AF Attota, Ravikiran Dixson, Ronald G. Kramar, John A. Potzick, James E. Vladar, Andras E. Bunday, Benjamin Novak, Erik Rudack, Andrew BE Raymond, CJ TI TSOM Method for Semiconductor Metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXV, PT 1 AND PT 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXV CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE TSOM; through focus; optical microscope; nanometrology; process control; nanomanufacturing; nanoparticles; overlay metrology; critical dimension; defect analysis; dimensional analysis; MEMS; NEMS; photonics ID OPTICAL METROLOGY AB Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is a new metrology method that achieves 3D nanoscale measurement sensitivity using conventional optical microscopes; measurement sensitivities are comparable to what is typical when using scatterometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TSOM can be used in both reflection and transmission modes and is applicable to a variety of target materials and shapes. Nanometrology applications that have been demonstrated by experiments or simulations include defect analysis, inspection and process control; critical dimension, photomask, overlay, nanoparticle, thin film, and 3D interconnect metrologies; line-edge roughness measurements; and nanoscale movements of parts in MEMS/NEMS. Industries that could benefit include semiconductor, data storage, photonics, biotechnology, and nanomanufacturing. TSOM is relatively simple and inexpensive, has a high throughput, and provides nanoscale sensitivity for 3D measurements with potentially significant savings and yield improvements in manufacturing. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Dixson, Ronald G.; Kramar, John A.; Potzick, James E.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-530-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7971 AR 79710T DI 10.1117/12.881620 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BXL99 UT WOS:000296334800025 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Quintanilha, R Sohn, YJ Zhou, H Silver, RM AF Barnes, Bryan M. Quintanilha, Richard Sohn, Yeung-Joon Zhou, Hui Silver, Richard M. BE Raymond, CJ TI Optical illumination optimization for patterned defect inspection SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXV, PT 1 AND PT 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXV CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd DE Defect detection; Scatterfield optical microscopy; illumination optimization; bright-field microscopy; dark-field microscopy AB Rapidly decreasing critical dimensions (CD) for semiconductor devices drive the study of improved methods for the detection of defects within patterned areas. As reduced CDs are being achieved through directional patterning, additional constraints and opportunities present themselves in defect metrology. This simulation and experimental study assesses potential improvements in patterned defect inspection that may be achieved by engineering the light incident to the sample within a high-magnification imaging platform. Simulation variables include the incident angle, polarization, and wavelength for defect types common to directional device layouts. Detectability is determined through differential images between no-defect- and defect-containing images. Alternative metrologies such as interference microscopy are also investigated through modeling. The measurement of a 20 nm defect is demonstrated experimentally using 193 nm light. The complex interplay of unidirectional patterning and highly directional defects is explored using structured off-axis illumination and polarization. C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Quintanilha, Richard; Sohn, Yeung-Joon; Zhou, Hui; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-530-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7971 AR 79710D DI 10.1117/12.882313 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BXL99 UT WOS:000296334800011 ER PT B AU Solo-Gabriele, HM Boehm, AB Scott, TM Sinigalliano, CD AF Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Boehm, Alexandria B. Scott, Troy M. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. BE Hagedorn, C Blanch, AR Harwood, VJ TI Beaches and Coastal Environments SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING: METHODS, APPLICATIONS, AND CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Indicator microbe; Marine beaches; Coastal environment; Beach management ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI CONCENTRATIONS; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; REAL-TIME PCR; MARINE BEACH; SURF ZONE AB This chapter summarizes the rationale for using microbial source tracking (MST) methods at beach sites and coastal water bodies (Sect. 20.1), as MST methods are especially useful for evaluating waters impacted by nonpoint sources of pollution. This chapter also describes the most common traditional and alternative MST markers used at beach sites (Sect. 20.2). Two case studies are presented (Sect. 20.3) that describe the use of both biological/chemical MST methods and physical MST methods for identifying sources of microbes at two marine beach sites in USA, one located on the west coast (California) and the other located on the east coast (Florida). The chapter closes with discussion and recommendations concerning the utility and application of MST tools at beach sites impacted by nonpoint-source pollution (Sect. 20.4). Although this chapter focuses on marine beaches, an incredible wealth of MST data has been gathered at freshwater beaches (Byappanahalli et al. 2006; Harwood et al. 2005; Jenkins et al. 2005; Scott et al. 2002; Stapleton et al. 2009; Whitman and Nevers 2003; Whitman et al. 2004), and a comprehensive review of beach studies merits the inclusion of MST work within freshwater systems. The use of MST in freshwater systems is further discussed in Chaps. 18, 19, and 21. C1 [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Scott, Troy M.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] Univ Miami, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Key Biscayne, FL USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Boehm, Alexandria B.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Scott, Troy M.] Source Mol Corp, Miami, FL USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM hmsolo@miami.edu; aboehm@stanford.edu; dtrmscott@gmail.com; Christopher.Sinigalliano@noaa.gov RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X NR 142 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9385-4 PY 2011 BP 451 EP 483 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_20 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA BVR30 UT WOS:000292530800020 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Zhang, NF Barnes, BM Qin, J Zhou, H Dixson, R AF Silver, R. M. Zhang, N. F. Barnes, B. M. Qin, J. Zhou, H. Dixson, R. BE Bodermann, B Bosse, H Silver, RM TI A Bayesian Statistical Model for Hybrid Metrology to Improve Measurement Accuracy SO MODELING ASPECTS IN OPTICAL METROLOGY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology III CY MAY 23-24, 2011 CL Munich, GERMANY SP SPIE ID SCATTERFIELD MICROSCOPY AB We present a method to combine measurements from different techniques that reduces uncertainties and can improve measurement throughput. The approach directly integrates the measurement analysis of multiple techniques that can include different configurations or platforms. This approach has immediate application when performing model-based optical critical dimension (OCD) measurements. When modeling optical measurements, a library of curves is assembled through the simulation of a multi-dimensional parameter space. Parametric correlation and measurement noise lead to measurement uncertainty in the fitting process with fundamental limitations resulting from the parametric correlations. A strategy to decouple parametric correlation and reduce measurement uncertainties is described. We develop the rigorous underlying Bayesian statistical model and apply this methodology to OCD metrology. We then introduce an approach to damp the regression process to achieve more stable and rapid regression fitting. These methods that use a priori information are shown to reduce measurement uncertainty and improve throughput while also providing an improved foundation for comprehensive reference metrology. C1 [Silver, R. M.; Zhang, N. F.; Barnes, B. M.; Qin, J.; Zhou, H.; Dixson, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8679-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8083 AR 808307 DI 10.1117/12.889876 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BVY97 UT WOS:000293179900006 ER PT B AU Becker, CA AF Becker, Chandler A. BE Arnold, SM Wong, TT TI ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS FOR ENGINEERING: POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES SO MODELS, DATABASES, AND SIMULATION TOOLS NEEDED FOR THE REALIZATION OF INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Models, Databases, and Simulation Tools Needed for the Realization of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering CY OCT 18-20, 2010 CL Houston, TX SP ASM, Mat Properties Database Comm ID MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS; ALLOYS AB Atomistic simulations, both electronic structure calculations and empirical methods such as molecular dynamics, are gaining in popularity and utility to treat a wide range of nanoscale phenomena and materials. The methods have great promise, both on their own and as pieces of an Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach because they can be used to calculate properties (with uncertainties) as input to continuum-level models or as qualitative guides. However, there are a number of issues to be addressed for atomistic simulation to be more widely used in engineering applications. Some are technical, while others are cultural. We will discuss these in the context of the NIST project on atomistic simulations, particularly the issues raised in the annual workshops related to industrial use of atomistic simulations and the NIST Interatomic Potentials Repository (http://wvvw.ctcms.nist.gov/potentials) that provides a distribution mechanism for fully referenced interatomic potentials for numerous materials in various formats. C1 [Becker, Chandler A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-831-2 PY 2011 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BH0FQ UT WOS:000394826200010 ER PT J AU Charba, JP Samplatsky, FG AF Charba, Jerome P. Samplatsky, Frederick G. TI Regionalization in Fine-Grid GFS MOS 6-h Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL; THUNDERSTORMS; PROBABILITY; SYSTEM AB The recent emergence of the National Digital Forecast Database as the flagship product of the National Weather Service has resulted in an increased demand for forecast guidance products on fine-mesh grids. Unfortunately, fine-grid forecasts with geographically regionalized statistical models are usually plagued by nonmeteorological discontinuities at regional boundaries. This study treats the problem in a regionalized Global Forecast System (GFS)-based model output statistics (MOS) application that produces 6-h probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) on a 4-km grid up to 192 h in advance. The technique involves incorporating areal overlap in the geographical regionalization and weighting multiple PQPFs in region-overlap zones. The degree of overlap ranges from about 20 km along meteorologically significant regional boundaries to about 150 km at quasi-arbitrary boundaries. The forecast-weighting constants for a grid point in an overlap zone vary in direct proportion to the distances to the closest associated regional boundaries. The application of the region-overlap and forecast-weighting techniques resulted in retention of sharp PQPF gradients along meteorologically significant regional boundaries and prevention of artificial discontinuities at quasi-arbitrary boundaries. The eradication of the discontinuities in the forecast patterns was achieved without sacrificing forecast skill. While the regionalization was customized for producing high-spatial-resolution 6-h PQPFs over the contiguous United States with a specialized gridded MOS application, the region-overlap and forecast-weighting techniques may have general applicability. Also, the quality of the 6-h PQPFs was not strongly dependent on customization of the regionalization. C1 [Charba, Jerome P.; Samplatsky, Frederick G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Charba, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jerome.charba@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 24 EP 38 DI 10.1175/2010MWR2926.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725NL UT WOS:000287652100002 ER PT J AU Charba, JP Samplatsky, FG AF Charba, Jerome P. Samplatsky, Frederick G. TI High-Resolution GFS-Based MOS Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts on a 4-km Grid SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL; PROBABILITY; REFORECASTS; SYSTEM; SEASON; NMC AB The Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) of the National Weather Service (NWS) has developed high-resolution Global Forecast System (GFS)-based model output statistics (MOS) 6- and 12-h quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) guidance on a 4-km grid for the contiguous United States. Geographically regionalized multiple linear regression equations are used to produce probabilistic QPFs (PQPFs) for multiple precipitation exceedance thresholds. Also, several supplementary QPF elements are derived from the PQPFs. The QPF elements are produced (presently experimentally) twice per day for forecast projections up to 156 h (6.5 days); probability of (measurable) precipitation (POP) forecasts extend to 192 h (8 days). Because the spatial and intensity resolutions of the QPF elements are higher than that for the currently operational gridded MOS QPF elements, this new application is referred to as high-resolution MOS (HRMOS) QPF. High spatial resolution and enhanced skill are built into the HRMOS PQPFs by incorporating finescale topography and climatology into the predictor database. This is accomplished through the use of specially formulated "topoclimatic'' interactive predictors, which are formed as a simple product of a climatology- or terrain-related quantity and a GFS forecast variable. Such a predictor contains interactive effects, whereby finescale detail in the topographic or climatic variable is built into the GFS forecast variable, and dynamics in the large-scale GFS forecast variable are incorporated into the static topoclimatic variable. In essence, such interactive predictors account for the finescale bias error in the GFS forecasts, and thus they enhance the skill of the PQPFs. Underlying the enhanced performance of the HRMOS QPF elements is extensive use of archived fine-grid radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs). The fine spatial scale of the QPE data supported development of a detailed precipitation climatology, which is used as a climatic predictive input. Also, the very large number of QPE sample points supported specification of rare-event (i.e., >= 1.50 and >= 2.00 in.) 6-h precipitation exceedance thresholds as predictands. Geographical regionalization of the PQPF regression equations and the derived QPF elements also contributes to enhanced forecast performance. Limited comparative verification of several 6- h model QPFs in categorical form showed the HRMOS QPF with significantly better threat scores and biases than corresponding GFS and operational gridded MOS QPFs. Limited testing of logistic regression versus linear regression to produce the 6- h PQPFs showed the feasibility of applying the logistic method with the very large HRMOS samples. However, objective screening of many candidate predictors with linear regression resulted in slightly better PQPF skill. C1 [Charba, Jerome P.; Samplatsky, Frederick G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Charba, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jerome.charba@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 39 EP 68 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3224.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725NL UT WOS:000287652100003 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS AF Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI What Constrains Spread Growth in Forecasts Initialized from Ensemble Kalman Filters? SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; ERROR REPRESENTATION; REAL OBSERVATIONS; LYAPUNOV VECTORS; TESTS; COVARIANCES AB The spread of an ensemble of weather predictions initialized from an ensemble Kalman filter may grow slowly relative to other methods for initializing ensemble predictions, degrading its skill. Several possible causes of the slow spread growth were evaluated in perfect- and imperfect-model experiments with a two-layer primitive equation spectral model of the atmosphere. The causes examined were the covariance localization, the additive noise used to stabilize the assimilation method and parameterize the system error, and the model error itself. In these experiments, the flow-independent additive noise was the biggest factor in constraining spread growth. Preevolving additive noise perturbations were tested as a way to make the additive noise more flow dependent. This modestly improved the data assimilation and ensemble predictions, both in the two-layer model results and in a brief test of the assimilation of real observations into a global multilevel spectral primitive equation model. More generally, these results suggest that methods for treating model error in ensemble Kalman filters that greatly reduce the flow dependency of the background-error covariances may increase the filter analysis error and decrease the rate of forecast spread growth. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, ESRL PSD 1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL PSD 1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3246.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725NL UT WOS:000287652100007 ER PT J AU Murillo, ST Lee, WC Bell, MM Barnes, GM Marks, FD Dodge, PP AF Murillo, Shirley T. Lee, Wen-Chau Bell, Michael M. Barnes, Gary M. Marks, Frank D., Jr. Dodge, Peter P. TI Intercomparison of Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD)-Retrieved Circulation Centers and Structures of Hurricane Danny (1997) from Two Coastal WSR-88Ds SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; INNER-CORE; TROCHOIDAL MOTION; PART I; EVOLUTION; VORTEX; EYE; ALGORITHM; VORTICES AB A plausible primary circulation and circulation center of a tropical cyclone (TC) can be deduced from a coastal Doppler radar using the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique and the GBVTD-simplex algorithm. The quality of the retrieved primary circulation is highly sensitive to the accuracy of the circulation center that can only be estimated from the degree of scattering of all possible centers obtained in GBVTD-simplex analyses from a single radar in real TCs. This study extends previous work to examine the uncertainties in the GBVTD-simplex-derived circulation centers and the GBVTD-derived primary circulations in Hurricane Danny (1997) sampled simultaneously from two Doppler radars [Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Dopplers (WSR-88Ds) in Mobile, Alabama, and Slidell, Louisiana] for 5 h. It is found that the mean difference between the individually computed GBVTD-simplex-derived centers is 2.13 km, similar to the estimates in previous studies. This value can be improved to 1.59 km by imposing time continuity in the radius of maximum wind, maximum mean tangential wind, and the center position in successive volumes. These additional physical criteria, not considered in previous work, stabilized the GBVTD-simplex algorithm and paved the way for automating the center finding and wind retrieval procedures in the future. Using the improved set of centers, Danny's axisymmetric tangential wind structures retrieved from each radar showed general agreement with systematic differences (up to 6 m s(-1)) in certain periods. The consistency in the wavenumber-1 tangential winds was not as good as their axisymmetric counterparts. It is suspected that the systematic differences in the axisymmetric tangential winds were caused by the unresolved wavenumber-2 sine components rather than from the relatively small cross-beam mean wind components in Danny. C1 [Murillo, Shirley T.; Marks, Frank D., Jr.; Dodge, Peter P.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Wen-Chau; Bell, Michael M.] UCAR NCAR EOL, Boulder, CO USA. [Barnes, Gary M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Murillo, ST (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM shirley.murillo@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014; dodge, peter/A-9808-2017 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X; Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682; FU NSF [ATM-0735867] FX The first author appreciates the NCAR SOARS program for providing the opportunity to work on this project. The authors thank some of the participants from the 1998 NCAR's Advanced Study Program Summer Colloquium who used the SOLO software to unfold the radar data used in this study. This paper benefited from reviews by John Gamache and Mike Black of the NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division. The authors would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for their constructive and helpful comments. Gary Barnes acknowledges support by NSF Grant ATM-0735867. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 153 EP 174 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3036.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725NL UT WOS:000287652100009 ER PT J AU Dowell, DC Wicker, LJ Snyder, C AF Dowell, David C. Wicker, Louis J. Snyder, Chris TI Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of Radar Observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Supercell: Influences of Reflectivity Observations on Storm-Scale Analyses SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; PART II; CONVECTIVE STORM; CLOUD MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION AB Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) techniques have been proposed for obtaining atmospheric state estimates on the scale of individual convective storms from radar and other observations, but tests of these methods with observations of real convective storms are still very limited. In the current study, radar observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell thunderstorm were assimilated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (NCOMMAS) with an EnKF method. The cloud model employed 1-km horizontal grid spacing, a single-moment bulk precipitation-microphysics scheme, and a base state initialized with sounding data. A 50-member ensemble was produced by randomly perturbing base-state wind profiles and by regularly adding random local perturbations to the horizontal wind, temperature, and water vapor fields in and near observed precipitation. In a reference experiment, only Doppler-velocity observations were assimilated into the NCOMMAS ensemble. Then, radar-reflectivity observations were assimilated together with Doppler-velocity observations in subsequent experiments. Influences that reflectivity observations have on storm-scale analyses were revealed through parameter-space experiments by varying observation availability, observation errors, ensemble spread, and choices for what model variables were updated when a reflectivity observation was assimilated. All experiments produced realistic storm-scale analyses that compared favorably with independent radar observations. Convective storms in the NCOMMAS ensemble developed more quickly when reflectivity observations and velocity observations were both assimilated rather than only velocity, presumably because the EnKF utilized covariances between reflectivity and unobserved model fields such as cloud water and vertical velocity in efficiently developing realistic storm features. Recurring spatial patterns in the differences between predicted and observed reflectivity were noted particularly at low levels, downshear of the supercell's updraft, in the anvil of moderate-to-light precipitation, where reflectivity in the model was typically lower than observed. Bias errors in the predicted rain mixing ratios and/or the size distributions that the bulk scheme associates with these mixing ratios are likely responsible for this reflectivity underprediction. When a reflectivity observation is assimilated, bias errors in the model fields associated with reflectivity (rain, snow, and hail-graupel) can be projected into other model variables through the ensemble covariances. In the current study, temperature analyses in the downshear anvil at low levels, where reflectivity was underpredicted, were very sensitive both to details of the assimilation algorithm and to ensemble spread in temperature. This strong sensitivity suggests low confidence in analyses of low-level cold pools obtained through reflectivity-data assimilation. C1 [Dowell, David C.; Snyder, Chris] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Dowell, David C.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Dowell, David C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Dowell, DC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM ddowell@ucar.edu RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0333872, ATM-0205655]; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX D. Dowell's work on this project was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0333872 at the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. C. Snyder's work on this project was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0205655. Matt Gilmore developed the precipitation-microphysics scheme used in these experiments and answered questions about the code. Mike Coniglio, Ted Mansell, and Glen Romine contributed to the data-assimilation code development. Kevin Scharfenberg and Gordon Carrie provided the radar observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City supercell. Discussions with Altug Aksoy, Glen Romine, Ted Mansell, and Don Burgess were quite beneficial. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. Mary Haley provided valuable assistance with NCL graphics. NR 66 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 139 IS 1 BP 272 EP 294 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3438.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 725NL UT WOS:000287652100015 ER PT J AU Chen, L Henein, G Luciani, V AF Chen, Lei Henein, Gerald Luciani, Vincent TI Nanofabrication techniques for controlled drug-release devices SO NANOMEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE drug delivery; nanofabrication; nanomedicine ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; MICROFABRICATED MICRONEEDLES; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DELIVERY; RESOLUTION; SURFACES; POLYMER; FABRICATION; DIMENSIONS C1 [Chen, Lei; Henein, Gerald; Luciani, Vincent] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6201, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lei.chen@nist.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1743-5889 J9 NANOMEDICINE-UK JI Nanomedicine PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.2217/NNM.10.140 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 733SZ UT WOS:000288284500001 PM 21182411 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA Gallatin, GM AF Liddle, J. Alexander Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Lithography, metrology and nanomanufacturing SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; ROLL-TO-ROLL; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB Semiconductor chip manufacturing is by far the predominant nanomanufacturing technology in the world today. Top-down lithography techniques are used for fabrication of logic and memory chips since, in order to function, these chips must essentially be perfect. Assuring perfection requires expensive metrology. Top of the line logic sells for several hundred thousand dollars per square metre and, even though the required metrology is expensive, it is a small percentage of the overall manufacturing cost. The level of stability and control afforded by current lithography tools means that much of this metrology can be online and statistical. In contrast, many of the novel types of nanomanufacturing currently being developed will produce products worth only a few dollars per square metre. To be cost effective, the required metrology must cost proportionately less. Fortunately many of these nanofabrication techniques, such as block copolymer self-assembly, colloidal self-assembly, DNA origami, roll-2-roll nano-imprint, etc., will not require the same level of perfection to meet specification. Given the variability of these self-assembly processes, in order to maintain process control, these techniques will require some level of real time online metrology. Hence we are led to the conclusion that future nanomanufacturing may well necessitate "cheap'' nanometre scale metrology which functions real time and on-line, e. g. at GHz rates, in the production stream. In this paper we review top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication techniques and compare and contrast the various metrology requirements. C1 [Liddle, J. Alexander; Gallatin, Gregg M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 118 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 87 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 7 BP 2679 EP 2688 DI 10.1039/c1nr10046g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 792UQ UT WOS:000292776300003 PM 21487581 ER PT J AU Kim, H Herzing, A Michaels, CA Bryant, GW Stranick, SJ AF Kim, Hyunmin Herzing, Andrew Michaels, Chris A. Bryant, Garnett W. Stranick, Stephan J. TI Coherent stokes scattering from gold nanorods: Critical dimensions and multicolor near-resonant plasmon excitation SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE GOLD; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NANOPARTICLES; METALS; LUMINESCENCE; NANOWIRES; EMISSION; SURFACES; LIMIT AB In this study, we detail the coherent Stokes scattering from gold nanorods in ensemble and single particle measurements. An increase of more than an order of magnitude was observed in the surface plasmon resonance enhancement of coherent Stokes scattering by gold nanorods for small changes in nanorod dimensions. The impact of this dimensional change is, in general, smaller when probed by single color linear and non-linear techniques. We find that the size sensitivity and associated wavelength dependence of the enhanced coherent Stokes scattering from individual gold nanorods is consistent with predictions based on local surface plasmon resonances found from exact solutions obtained using boundary element methods. C1 [Kim, Hyunmin; Herzing, Andrew; Michaels, Chris A.; Bryant, Garnett W.; Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Hyunmin; Bryant, Garnett W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov; stephan.stranick@nist.gov RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; OI Kim, Hyunmin/0000-0002-9338-4597 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2011 VL 3 IS 10 BP 4290 EP 4295 DI 10.1039/c1nr10825e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 829XB UT WOS:000295618200045 PM 21912802 ER PT J AU Xu, JJ Yang, B Hammouda, B AF Xu, Jiajun Yang, Bao Hammouda, Boualem TI Thermal conductivity and viscosity of self-assembled alcohol/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluids SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposiumon Nanomaterials for Sensing and EnergyHarvesting Devices (Micro and Nano) CY DEC 12-15, 2010 CL Athens, GREECE ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOFLUIDS; SUSPENSIONS; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSPORT; MECHANISMS AB Very large thermal conductivity enhancement had been reported earlier in colloidal suspensions of solid nanoparticles (i.e., nanofluids) and more recently also in oil- in- water emulsions. In this study, nanoemulsions of alcohol and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are spontaneously generated by self-assembly, and their thermal conductivity and viscosity are investigated experimentally. Alcohol and PAO have similar thermal conductivity values, so that the abnormal effects, such as particle Brownian motion, on thermal transport could be deducted in these alcohol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids. Small angle neutron-scattering measurement shows that the alcohol droplets are spheres of 0.8-nm radius in these nanoemulsion fluids. Both thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the fluids are found to increase with alcohol droplet loading, as expected from classical theories. However, the measured conductivity increase is very moderate, e.g., a 2.3% increase for 9 vol%, in these fluids. This suggests that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity is observed in the alcohol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids tested in this study. C1 [Xu, Jiajun; Yang, Bao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM baoyang@umd.edu FU Department of Energy [ER46441]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This study is financially supported by the Department of Energy (grant no. ER46441). The SANS measurements performed at the NIST-CNR are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1556-276X J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT JI Nanoscale Res. Lett. PY 2011 VL 6 AR 274 DI 10.1186/1556-276X-6-274 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 763AQ UT WOS:000290525700149 PM 21711807 ER PT B AU Whelton, AJ Duncan, TV Koontz, JL Nguyen, T AF Whelton, A. J. Duncan, T. V. Koontz, J. L. Nguyen, T. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Nanoparticle Release from Polymer Nanocomposites Used for Potable Water Infrastructure and Food Packaging: Current Progress & Beyond SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY, NSTI-NANOTECH 2011, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, European Patent Off, Greenberg Traurig, Innovat & Mat Sci Inst, Jackson Walker LLP, Linde Nanomaterials, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Nano Tech Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanpolis Suzhou, Suzhou Nanotech Co Ltd, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Fraunhofer, Res Germany, TechConnect, Technol Innovat Program, Canadian Trade Commiss Serv, Italian Trade Commiss DE nanoparticle; water; food; release; infrastructure AB Nanoparticle (NP) enhanced polymers have the potential to revolutionize food packaging and water pipe performance, though release of NPs from these materials has gone relatively unstudied. A literature review was conducted to identify potential NP release pathways from nanomposite materials into food and water. Results show little is known, and this lack of knowledge prevents responsible commercialization of safe and innovative nano enhanced products, development of predictive health risk models, and generation of science based environmental, health, and safety focused regulation. Common limitations of past studies are that quantitative results were not described, NP detection methods were lacking, and metal ions were not differentiated from NPs. Science has not quantitatively determined if and under what conditions nanocomposites release NPs into food and water matrices. Future research needs are also identified. C1 [Whelton, A. J.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Duncan, T. V.; Koontz, J. L.] FDA, Bedford Pk, IL USA. [Nguyen, T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Whelton, AJ (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM ajwhelton@usouthal.edu; Timothy.Duncan@fda.hhs.gov; John.Koontz@fda.hhs.gov; Tinh.Nguyen@nist.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7138-6 PY 2011 BP 505 EP 508 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Materials Science GA BG9XC UT WOS:000394061000133 ER PT B AU Lin, CC Yang, F Chin, JW Sung, L Lee, S AF Lin, C. C. Yang, F. Chin, J. W. Sung, L. Lee, S. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Fracture-induced polymeric grating structures SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011: ELECTRONICS, DEVICES, FABRICATION, MEMS, FLUIDICS AND COMPUTATIONAL, NSTI-NANOTECH 2011, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo CY JUN 13-16, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, European Patent Off, Greenberg Traurig, Innovat & Mat Sci Inst, Jackson Walker LLP, Linde Nanomaterials, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Nano Tech Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanpolis Suzhou, Suzhou Nanotech Co Ltd, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Fraunhofer, Res Germany, TechConnect, Technol Innovat Program, Canadian Trade Commiss Serv, Italian Trade Commiss DE fracture-induced structuring; polymer thin film; mechanical instability; cracking; nanopatterning ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FILM; TEMPERATURE; INDENTATION; INSTABILITY AB Fracture-induced structuring (FIS) is found in the polymer thin film sandwiched between two relatively rigid flat plates by simply separating apart the plates, which produces a complementary set of micro/nano scale nonsymmetrical periodic polymer ripple gratings on both plates. FIS is a potential candidate to be a low-cost and high-throughput nanopatterning technique, however, the the cracking mechanism of FIS is still not fully understood. In this study, FIS gratings were observed to follow the direction of the maximum in-plane shear stress induced by external separating-load. Furthermore, the result of gamma irradiation effect shows that homogeneous/glassy and brittle material properties of polymer thin film is essential to cause uniform and smooth cracking. More phenomena such as primary/secondary gratings and competed rupture are also discussed in this paper. The results of this study can be applied to nanopatterning and nanotechnology. C1 [Lin, C. C.; Lee, S.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Yang, F.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Chin, J. W.; Sung, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, CC (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM slee@mx.nthu.edu.tw NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7139-3 PY 2011 BP 318 EP 321 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BG9XB UT WOS:000394060800081 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B AF Nikoobakht, Babak BE Hashim, A TI Surface-Directed Growth of Nanowires: A Scalable Platform for Nanodevice Fabrication SO NANOWIRES - IMPLEMENTATIONS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; SOLAR-CELLS; SILICON NANOWIRES; ZNO; ARRAYS; GAN; SEMICONDUCTOR; CIRCUITS; DEVICES C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-318-7 PY 2011 BP 245 EP 266 D2 10.5772/1025 PG 22 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BG0YD UT WOS:000386575300013 ER PT B AU Guerry, AD Plummer, ML Ruckelshaus, MH Harvey, CJ AF Guerry, Anne D. Plummer, Mark L. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Harvey, Chris J. BE Kareiva, P Tallis, H Ricketts, TH Daily, GC Polasky, S TI Ecosystem service assessments for marine conservation SO NATURAL CAPITAL: THEORY & PRACTICE OF MAPPING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECONOMIC VALUATION; ZOSTERA-MARINA; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; SEDIMENT RETENTION; FISHERY LINKAGES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; STANDING-STOCK; CLUPEA-PALLASI; PUGET SOUND C1 [Guerry, Anne D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Guerry, Anne D.; Plummer, Mark L.; Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Guerry, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 117 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-958900-5; 978-0-19-177463-8; 978-0-19-958899-2 PY 2011 BP 296 EP 322 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588992.001.0001 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC8HB UT WOS:000355681600018 ER PT J AU Liu, PC AF Liu, P. C. TI What do we know about freaque waves in the ocean and lakes and how do we know it? (vol 10, pg 2191, 2010) SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM paul.c.liu@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 2 BP 331 EP 332 DI 10.5194/nhess-11-331-2011 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 727KW UT WOS:000287799500009 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Moore, CW Wei, Y Titov, VV AF Zhou, H. Moore, C. W. Wei, Y. Titov, V. V. TI A nested-grid Boussinesq-type approach to modelling dispersive propagation and runup of landslide-generated tsunamis SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE MASS FAILURE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SOLITARY WAVES; CANARY-ISLANDS; SURFACE-WAVES; LA-PALMA; EQUATIONS; BREAKING; TRANSFORMATION AB A tsunami generated by large-volume landslide can propagate across the ocean and flood communities around the basin. The evolution of landslide-generated tsunamis is affected by the effects of frequency dispersion and involves processes of different temporal and spacial scales. In this paper, we develop a numerical approach employing the weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type theories and nested computational grids. The propagation in a large domain is simulated with the weakly nonlinear model in a geographical reference frame. The nearshore wave evolution and runup are computed with the fully nonlinear model. Nested grids are employed to zoom simulations from larger to smaller domains at successively increasing resolutions. The models and the nesting scheme are validated for theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments and a historical tsunami event. By applying this approach, we also investigate the potential tsunami impact on the US east coast due to the possible landslide on La Palma Island. The scenario employed in this study represents an event of extremely low probability. C1 [Zhou, H.; Moore, C. W.; Wei, Y.; Titov, V. V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Zhou, H.; Moore, C. W.; Wei, Y.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM hongqiang.zhou@noaa.gov RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA10OAR4320148]; US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under Interagency [RES-07-004, N6401] FX We are grateful to S. N. Ward, F. Lovholt and U. Kanoglu for their invaluable comments and revision suggestions on this paper. The first author thanks the National Research Council for its support through the Research Associateship Program. This study is partially funded by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution #3569 (PMEL), #1870 (JISAO) and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under Interagency Agreement RES-07-004 Project N6401. NR 77 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1561-8633 J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2677 EP 2697 DI 10.5194/nhess-11-2677-2011 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 844JW UT WOS:000296744500001 ER PT J AU Rehn, N Filatova, OA Durban, JW Foote, AD AF Rehn, Nicola Filatova, Olga A. Durban, John W. Foote, Andrew D. TI Cross-cultural and cross-ecotype production of a killer whale 'excitement' call suggests universality SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Innateness; Universality; Close-range interactions; Vocal signal ID ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; VOCALIZATIONS; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSIONS; PATTERNS; LAUGHTER; INNATE AB Facial and vocal expressions of emotion have been found in a number of social mammal species and are thought to have evolved to aid social communication. There has been much debate about whether such signals are culturally inherited or are truly biologically innate. Evidence for the innateness of such signals can come from cross-cultural studies. Previous studies have identified a vocalisation (the V4 or 'excitement' call) associated with high arousal behaviours in a population of killer whales in British Columbia, Canada. In this study, we compared recordings from three different socially and reproductively isolated ecotypes of killer whales, including five vocal clans of one ecotype, each clan having discrete culturally transmitted vocal traditions. The V4 call was found in recordings of each ecotype and each vocal clan. Nine independent observers reproduced our classification of the V4 call from each population with high inter-observer agreement. Our results suggest the V4 call may be universal in Pacific killer whale populations and that transmission of this call is independent of cultural tradition or ecotype. We argue that such universality is more consistent with an innate vocalisation than one acquired through social learning and may be linked to its apparent function of motivational expression. C1 [Rehn, Nicola] Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Filatova, Olga A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Fac Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Foote, Andrew D.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Rehn, N (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Grindel, Martin Luther King Pl 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM nicola.rehn@arcor.de OI Filatova, Olga/0000-0003-1533-4807 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD JAN PY 2011 VL 98 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s00114-010-0732-5 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 705FR UT WOS:000286114800001 PM 21072496 ER PT B AU Kromann, S AF Kromann, Sonja BE Barr, D TI PROVIDING ACCESS TO A HIDDEN RESOURCE: THE NATIONAL MARINE MAMMAL LABORATORY FUR SEAL ARCHIVE SO NETTING KNOWLEDGE: TWO HEMISPHERES - ONE WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th IAMSLIC Annual Conference / 2nd Latin American Regional Group Meeting CY OCT 17-21, 2010 CL Inst Nacl Investigac & Desarrollo Pesquero, Mar del Plata, ARGENTINA SP ProQuest, InterResearch Sci Ctr, EBSCOHOST, CeDePesca, Thomson Reuters, Elsevier, Ann Review, Clearwater Glaciar Pesquera SA, CEPA, Sociedad Patrones Pescadores, Revista Redes, Argentina Travel, Mar del Plata Convent & Visitors Bur, Municipal Mar del Plata, Argentina Minist Turismo HO Inst Nacl Investigac & Desarrollo Pesquero DE marine mammals; fur seals; NOAA; digital archives AB NOAA's National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) Library houses an archive documenting the northern fur seal research program that has been ongoing for over a century on the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea, as well as including information on commercial and subsistence harvests, and utilization by the Pribilof Island people. The archive includes research materials, photos, correspondence, and documents relating to the research and commercial harvest of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands. Archive materials and documents were generated by the various U.S. government agencies responsible for managing northern fur seal populations. Since 1970 this responsibility has been held by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service. Also included are materials from related organizations such as the International North Pacific Fur Seal Commission (INPFSC). The archive is a repository for current research output and is used locally for historic research, but online access to the public was previously limited to a brief paragraph describing the collection on the NMML Library home page. A web page to provide access to the NMML Fur Seal Archive was developed in 2010. The NMML Fur Seal Archive page now provides access to an extensive finding aid with links to the full-text of some of the majordocument series and other archive documents, as well as related publications. Moving forward, additional archive materials will be digitized and links to relevant materials and resources on the northern fur seal will be added. C1 [Kromann, Sonja] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab Lib, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kromann, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab Lib, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sonja.Kromann@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA PY 2011 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Fisheries; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Fisheries; Information Science & Library Science GA BG9UQ UT WOS:000393921700005 ER PT B AU Frick, B Neumann, D AF Frick, Bernhard Neumann, Dan BE Imae, T Kanaya, T Furusaka, M Torikai, N TI Instrumentation - Quasielastic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering - Neutron Backscattering SO NEUTRONS IN SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; NIST CENTER; RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DESIGN; IN16 C1 [Frick, Bernhard] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Neumann, Dan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Frick, B (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156X, F-38042 Grenoble, France. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-93387-9; 978-0-470-40252-8 PY 2011 BP 183 EP 202 D2 10.1002/9780470933886 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BA6II UT WOS:000337150500009 ER PT J AU Johnson, RB Kroeger, EL Carter, CS Reichert, WL Rust, MB AF Johnson, Ronald B. Kroeger, Eric L. Carter, Cameron S. Reichert, William L. Rust, Michael B. TI Transitioning Coho Salmon Broodstock to a Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)-Rich Diet during Vitellogenesis: Effects on Egg Composition and Embryo and Fry Quality SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST FISH; LIPIDS; NUTRITION; FOOD; TERM AB Female coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were fed one of two broodstock diets during vitellogenesis to evaluate the contribution of dietary lipids to egg lipids and to assess any embryo or fry quality differences that were attributable to treatment. The diets contained lipids with different fatty acid profiles and carbon stable isotope signatures (delta(13)C). Diets were formulated by top-dressing a low-fat salmon broodstock feed with either sardine oil (fish oil feed) or an algal oil-corn oil blend (algal oil feed). The added oils were balanced for total n-3 fatty acid content but contained markedly different levels of linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Analysis of delta(13)C revealed that dietary lipids were significantly incorporated into egg lipids during vitellogenesis and that polar and neutral lipid fractions were equally affected. Eggs of fish in the algal oil treatment group had significantly higher levels of DHA and significantly lower protein content than the eggs of fish in the fish oil treatment group. Embryo survival and fry survival and growth were similar between the two treatment groups. Eggs from the algal oil treatment additionally had higher levels of LA, and there was evidence of direct elongation of LA to eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6]) and bioconversion of LA to arachidonic acid by the fish. Results from this experiment demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the DHA content of egg lipids in cultured salmonids without a concomitant decrease in egg or fry quality. The proposed enrichment would allow for the production of a value-added, high-DHA product for the cured roe market without reducing the value of eggs that are destined for the hatchery market. C1 [Johnson, Ronald B.; Kroeger, Eric L.; Rust, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Johnson, Ronald B.] Univ Idaho, Sch Food Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Carter, Cameron S.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Reichert, William L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ronald.b.johnson@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 4 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.623942 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OS UT WOS:000296982900005 ER PT J AU Colt, J Momoda, T Chitwood, R Fornshell, G Schreck, C AF Colt, John Momoda, Tracey Chitwood, Rob Fornshell, Gary Schreck, Carl TI Water Quality in Tilapia Transport: From the Farm to the Retail Store SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; NILE FISH; PH; STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; TOLERANCE; EXPOSURE; WALLEYES AB Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus are routinely transported 1,200-1,400 km from Idaho to live markets in the greater Vancouver, British Columbia, area. Direct hauling mortality is typically very low, but significant economic losses occur during retail holding owing to a deterioration in physical appearance that results in fish that cannot be sold and their subsequent mortality. To address this problem, information was collected on hauling systems and protocols, holding systems and water management protocols, and water quality in the retail holding systems. During hauling, fish are exposed to high levels of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and bacteria. The transfer of fish from hauling systems to retail holding systems can subject them to rapid changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH. Problem areas in retail holding include low water temperatures, high un-ionized ammonia concentrations, and elevated levels of gas supersaturation. Determination of the causes of high mortality in transportation and retail holding is difficult to clearly identify because of sampling difficulties and commercial restrictions; improvements in hauling protocols may depend on simulated hauling experiments followed by commercial verification. C1 [Colt, John] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Momoda, Tracey; Chitwood, Rob; Schreck, Carl] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fornshell, Gary] Univ Idaho Extens, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food and Agriculture) [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant2008-38500-19230 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food and Agriculture). NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2011 VL 73 IS 4 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.629946 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OS UT WOS:000296982900007 ER PT J AU Madenjian, CP Rutherford, ES Blouin, MA Sederberg, BJ Elliott, JR AF Madenjian, Charles P. Rutherford, Edward S. Blouin, Marc A. Sederberg, Bryan J. Elliott, Jeff R. TI Spawning Habitat Unsuitability: An Impediment to Cisco Rehabilitation in Lake Michigan? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LOWER FOX RIVER; FISH COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB; SUPERIOR; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS AB The cisco Coregonus artedi was one of the most important native prey fishes in Lake Michigan and in the other four Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the cisco spawning in Lake Michigan was believed to have occurred in Green Bay. The cisco population in Lake Michigan collapsed during the 1950s, and the collapse was attributed in part to habitat degradation within Green Bay. Winter water quality surveys of lower Green Bay during the 1950s and 1960s indicated that the bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was less than 2 mg/L throughout much of the lower bay, and most cisco eggs would not successfully hatch at such low DO concentrations. To determine present-day spawning habitat suitability in lower Green Bay, we compared cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay with survival at a reference site (St. Marys River, Michigan-Ontario) during 2009. We also conducted winter water quality surveys in lower Green Bay and the St. Marys River during 2009 and 2010. Cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay averaged 65.3%, which was remarkably similar to and not significantly different from the mean at the St. Marys River site (64.0%). Moreover, the lowest bottom DO concentrations recorded during the winter surveys were 11.2 mg/L in lower Green Bay and 12.7 mg/L in the St. Marys River. These relatively high DO concentrations would not be expected to have any negative effect on cisco egg survival. We conclude that winter water quality conditions in lower Green Bay were suitable for successful hatching of cisco eggs and that water quality during the egg incubation period did not represent an impediment to cisco rehabilitation in Lake Michigan. Our approach to determining spawning habitat suitability for coregonids would be applicable to other aquatic systems. C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Blouin, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Sederberg, Bryan J.] Enbridge Energy, Marshall, MI 49068 USA. [Elliott, Jeff R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority biologists and MDNR biologists who captured adult ciscoes from the St. Marys River. We are also grateful to Martha Wolgamood (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for advice and assistance; Matt Hughes and Scott Zajac (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for hatchery assistance; Peter Boma for piloting the airboat and assisting in the field; Jeff Allen and Glen Black for scuba diving efforts during egg retrieval; Jon Molenhouse, Brandon Spude, Michael Fainter, and David Sena for dedicated efforts in the winter water quality survey work; Geoffrey Steinhart and his graduate students at Lake Superior State University for winter water quality survey work at the St. Marys River site; and Christine Joseph, Minako Kimura Edgar, and Lacey Mason for GIS assistance. We appreciate the storage space and logistical support provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green Bay Fishery Resources Office (New Franken, Wisconsin). Harold Mohr kindly provided winter access to the St. Marys River site. Doran Mason and Craig Stow reviewed the draft manuscript and made helpful suggestions for its improvement. Use of trade, product, or firm names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was funded by a Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act grant (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) to E. S. R and C. P. M. This article is Contribution Number 1656 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center and is Contribution Number 1595 of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 5 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.632065 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 847OY UT WOS:000296983500011 ER PT J AU Ilicak, M Legg, S Adcroft, A Hallberg, R AF Ilicak, Mehmet Legg, Sonya Adcroft, Alistair Hallberg, Robert TI Dynamics of a dense gravity current flowing over a corrugation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Overflow; Mixing; Canyon; Ridge; Gravity current ID IDEALIZED NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BOTTOM WATER FORMATION; BANK CHANNEL OVERFLOW; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SOUTHERN WEDDELL SEA; SUBMARINE CANYONS; SLOPING BOTTOM; EXCHANGE FLOWS; DENMARK STRAIT; MODEL AB In this study, we investigate the dynamics of a dense gravity currents over different sizes of ridges and canyons. We employ a high resolution idealized isopycnal model and perform a large number of experiments changing the aspect ratio of a ridge/canyon, the Coriolis parameter, the reduced gravity, the background slope and initial overflow thickness. The control run (smooth topography) is in an eddy-regime and the frequencies of the eddies coincide with those of the Filchner overflow (Darelius et al., 2009). Our idealized corrugation experiments show that corrugations steer the plume downslope, and that ridges are more effective than canyons in transporting the overflow to the deep ocean. We find that a corrugation Burger number (Bu-c) can be used as a parameter to describe the flow over topography. Bu-c is a combination of a Froude number and the aspect ratio. The maximum downslope transport of a corrugation can be increased when the height of the corrugation increases (Bu-c increases) or when the width of the corrugation decreases (Bu-c increases). In addition, we propose a new parameterization of mixing as a function of Bu-c that can be used to account for unresolved shear in coarse resolution models. The new parameterization captures the increased local shear, thus increasing the turbulent kinetic energy and decreasing the gradient Richardson number. We find reasonable agreement in the overflow thickness and transport between the models with this parameterization and the high resolution models. We conclude that mixing effects of corrugations can be implemented as unresolved shear in an eddy diffusivity formulation and this parameterization can be used in coarse resolution models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilicak, Mehmet; Legg, Sonya; Adcroft, Alistair] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Ilicak, M (reprint author), 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM mehmet.ilicak@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; ILICAK, Mehmet/H-2219-2011; Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; ILICAK, Mehmet/0000-0002-4777-8835; NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.02.004 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 768YE UT WOS:000290975000004 ER PT J AU Xie, LA Liu, HQ Liu, B Bao, SW AF Xie, Lian Liu, Huiqing Bin Liu Bao, Shaowu TI A numerical study of the effect of hurricane wind asymmetry on storm surge and inundation SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Storm surge; Inundation; Wind asymmetry; Hurricane Floyd ID ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; MODEL; SCHEME; FIELDS AB The influence of the asymmetric structure of hurricane wind field on storm surge is studied with five types of numerical experiments using a three-dimensional storm surge model. The results from the case of Hurricane Floyd (1999) show that Floyd-induced peak surge would have been much higher had the region of maximum wind rotated 30-90 degrees counterclockwise. The idealized cases (the hypothetical hurricanes) with a wind speed asymmetry of 20 m s(-1) show that the peak (negative) surge varied from 4.7 to 6.0 m (-5 to -5.7 m) or equivalent to -8.8% and 16.3% (2.8% and -10.4%) differences as compared to the control experiment. The area of flooding varied from 3552 to 3660 km(2). The results from two other idealized cases of varying degree of wind speed asymmetry further show that with decreasing (increasing) asymmetry of wind fields, the variations of peak surge and peak negative surge caused by the rotation of wind fields decrease (increase) accordingly. The results suggest that in storm surge simulations forced by winds derived from balanced models, considerable uncertainty in storm surge and inundation can result from wind asymmetries. This is true even if all other storm parameters, including maximum wind speed, the radius of maximum winds (storm size), minimum central pressure, storm translation speed, drag coefficient, and model settings (domain size and resolution) are identical. Thus, when constructing ensemble and probabilistic storm surge forecasts, uncertainty in wind asymmetry should be considered in conjunction with variations in storm track, storm intensity and size. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xie, Lian; Liu, Huiqing; Bin Liu] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bao, Shaowu] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bao, Shaowu] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Xie, LA (reprint author), NCSU MEAS, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM xie@ncsu.edu; hliu@ncsu.edu RI Liu, Bin/M-6709-2013 OI Liu, Bin/0000-0003-1858-190X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [UF-EIES-0704029-NCS]; University of Florida FX This study is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant #UF-EIES-0704029-NCS via a subcontract from the University of Florida. We thank Katie Costa for providing proofreading. We also appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers and editor. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.10.001 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 715EU UT WOS:000286864200005 ER PT J AU Stark, J Gorman, J Hennessey, M Reseghetti, F Willis, J Lyman, J Abraham, J Borghini, M AF Stark, J. Gorman, J. Hennessey, M. Reseghetti, F. Willis, J. Lyman, J. Abraham, J. Borghini, M. TI A computational method for determining XBT depths SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH XBT; FALL-RATE; PIPE-FLOW; TURBULENCE MODELS; T-7 XBT; TEMPERATURE; LAMINAR; SIPPICAN; EQUATION; TSK AB A new technique for determining the depth of expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) is developed. This new method uses a forward-stepping calculation which incorporates all of the forces on the XBT devices during their descent. Of particular note are drag forces which are calculated using a new drag coefficient expression. That expression, obtained entirely from computational fluid dynamic modeling, accounts for local variations in the ocean environment. Consequently, the method allows for accurate determination of depths for any local temperature environment. The results, which are entirely based on numerical simulation, are compared with the experiments of LM Sippican T-5 XBT probes. It is found that the calculated depths differ by less than 3% from depth estimates using the standard fall-rate equation (FRE). Furthermore, the differences decrease with depth. The computational model allows an investigation of the fluid flow patterns along the outer surface of the probe as well as in the interior channel. The simulations take account of complex flow phenomena such as laminar-turbulent transition and flow separation. C1 [Stark, J.; Gorman, J.; Hennessey, M.; Abraham, J.] Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. [Reseghetti, F.] UTMAR OSS, ENEA, I-19032 Forte S Teresa, Pozzuolo Di Ler, Italy. [Willis, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lyman, J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Borghini, M.] CNR ISMAR, I-19032 Forte S Teresa, Pozzuolo Di Ler, Italy. RP Abraham, J (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. EM jpabraham@stthomas.edu RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Gorman, John/0000-0003-4046-7847 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2011 VL 7 IS 6 BP 733 EP 743 DI 10.5194/os-7-733-2011 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 867YS UT WOS:000298491300001 ER PT J AU Moustahfid, H Potemra, J Goldstein, P Mendelssohn, R DesRochers, A AF Moustahfid, Hassan Potemra, Jim Goldstein, Philip Mendelssohn, Roy DesRochers, Annette GP IEEE TI Making United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS) Inclusive of Marine Biological Resources SO OCEANS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY SEP 19-22, 2011 CL Kona, HI SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES DE component; Biological observations; Observing Systems; Bioinformatics AB An important Data Management and Communication (DMAC) goal is to enable a multi-disciplinary view of the ocean environment by facilitating discovery and integration of data from various sources, projects and scientific domains. United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS) DMAC functional requirements are based upon guidelines for standardized data access services, data formats, metadata, controlled vocabularies, and other conventions. So far, the data integration effort has focused on geophysical U.S. IOOS core variables such as temperature, salinity, ocean currents, etc. The IOOS Biological Observations Project is addressing the DMAC requirements that pertain to biological observations standards and interoperability applicable to U. S. IOOS and to various observing systems. Biological observations are highly heterogeneous and the variety of formats, logical structures, and sampling methods create significant challenges. Here we describe an informatics framework for biological observing data (e. g. species presence/absence and abundance data) that will expand information content and reconcile standards for the representation and integration of these biological observations for users to maximize the value of these observing data. We further propose that the approach described can be applied to other datasets generated in scientific observing surveys and will provide a vehicle for wider dissemination of biological observing data. We propose to employ data definition conventions that are well understood in U.S. IOOS and to combine these with ratified terminologies, policies and guidelines. C1 [Moustahfid, Hassan] NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. [Potemra, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Pacif Isl Ocean Observing Syst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Goldstein, Philip] USGS, Ocean Biogeograph Informat Syst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA, S W Fisherise Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 95060 USA. [DesRochers, Annette] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. EM hassan.moustahfid@noaa.gov FU U.S. IOOS FX This workshop was supported by U.S. IOOS. We thank the IOOS BDP team who all contributed to the success of this work. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-933957-39-8 PY 2011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BYJ22 UT WOS:000299005800031 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Wahl, DH AF Carey, Michael P. Wahl, David H. TI Fish diversity as a determinant of ecosystem properties across multiple trophic levels SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID WATER FOOD WEBS; SPECIES RICHNESS; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; BIODIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITY; CONSEQUENCES; ZOOPLANKTON; COMPETITION; BIOMASS AB Biodiversity has been established as a potential determinant of function in many ecosystems; however, previous research has mostly focused on primary producers and effects at a single trophic level. A broader perspective that considers multiple components of food webs is necessary to understand natural systems. In particular, consumer diversity needs to be more thoroughly examined as trophic interactions and indirect effects can alter ecosystem properties. We test the potential for consumer diversity (fish richness and composition) to govern food web dynamics at two levels of environmental complexity (mesocosms and experimental ponds) and explore the consequences of removing individual species of fish on lower trophic levels. In mesocosms, both the richness and density of zooplankton were reduced when more fish species were present. No effects from the fish treatments were found on phytoplankton, but phosphorus levels increased with higher fish richness. Removing either generalist or specialist fish species increased the richness and density of zooplankton and the amount of phytoplankton, whereas all fish species had redundant effects on nutrients. In ponds, a dominant fish species (specialist shiner) determined the richness and density of zooplankton. In contrast, phytoplankton and nutrients were reduced by higher fish richness in the fall and spring. Overall, the specialist shiner had unique effects on the pond food web suggesting the key to understanding function is the presence of a dominant species and their biological interactions. Differences between mesocosms and ponds are likely due to increased heterogeneity of resources in the ponds allowing species to specialize on different prey. Our study links the biodiversity ecosystem function paradigm with food web concepts to improve predictions for conservation and management actions in response to changes in biodiversity. C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.p.carey@noaa.gov RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608256]; National Academy of Sciences FX We thank the staff at the Kaskaskia and Sam Parr Biological Stations, Illinois Natural History Survey, especially K. Schnake, E. Born, K. Mann, A. Larson, E. Smolik, K. Whitlock, P. Port, J. Godbout and M. Diana for help in the field and with sample processing. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant DEB-0608256 and a Grant-In-Aid of Research from the National Academy of Sciences, administered by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society. All procedures conformed to the Univ. of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and comply with the current laws of the U. S. Reviews by J. Brawn, C. Caceres and K. Paige substantially improved the manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JAN PY 2011 VL 120 IS 1 BP 84 EP 94 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18352.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695QX UT WOS:000285388800010 ER PT J AU Simecek-Beatty, D AF Simecek-Beatty, Debra BE Fingas, M TI Oil Spill Trajectory Forecasting Uncertainty and Emergency Response SO OIL SPILL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND CLEANUP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIMULATIONS; SEA; PREDICTIONS C1 NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Simecek-Beatty, D (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GULF PROFESSIONAL PUBL PI OXFORD PA C/O ELSEVIER LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, 0X2 8DP, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85617-944-7 PY 2011 BP 275 EP 299 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10011-5 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGM65 UT WOS:000323513500012 ER PT B AU Shigenaka, G AF Shigenaka, Gary BE Fingas, M TI Effects of Oil in the Environment SO OIL SPILL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND CLEANUP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; FISH EMBRYOS; LOW-LEVEL; TOXICITY; SPILL; PETROLEUM C1 [Shigenaka, Gary] NOAA, ERD, Seattle, WA USA. [Shigenaka, Gary] Knauss Sea Grant Policy, Washington, DC USA. RP Shigenaka, G (reprint author), NOAA, ERD, Seattle, WA USA. NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GULF PROFESSIONAL PUBL PI OXFORD PA C/O ELSEVIER LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, 0X2 8DP, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85617-944-7; 978-1-85617-943-0 PY 2011 BP 985 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10027-9 PG 40 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGM65 UT WOS:000323513500028 ER PT J AU Yender, R Stanzel, K AF Yender, Ruth Stanzel, Katharina BE Fingas, M TI Tanker SOLAR 1 Oil Spill, Guimaras, Philippines: Impacts and Response Challenges SO OIL SPILL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND CLEANUP LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Yender, Ruth] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Yender, R (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GULF PROFESSIONAL PUBL PI OXFORD PA C/O ELSEVIER LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, 0X2 8DP, ENGLAND BN 978-1-85617-944-7 PY 2011 BP 1133 EP 1146 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10038-3 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGM65 UT WOS:000323513500039 ER PT J AU Stanford, BD Pisarenko, AN Holbrook, RD Snyder, SA AF Stanford, Benjamin D. Pisarenko, Aleksey N. Holbrook, R. David Snyder, Shane A. TI Preozonation Effects on the Reduction of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling in Water Reuse SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Membranes; Reuse; Reverse Osmosis; Organic Matter; Fouling ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; WASTE-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; SECONDARY EFFLUENT; DRINKING-WATER; LOW-PRESSURE; NOM; ULTRAFILTRATION; OXIDATION; OZONATION AB The purpose of this bench-top study was to demonstrate the feasibility and effect of applying ozone and ozone/peroxide upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes as a means of controlling organic fouling during reuse applications. A series of ozone or ozone/peroxide doses was applied to surface water and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) filtrate using a HiPOx (R) reactor skid, with ozone-to-dissolved organic carbon ratios of approximately 0.25 to 1.75. Results from the flat-sheet testing indicate that both ozoneand ozone/peroxide-treated waters, even at the lowest ozone dose of 1.5 mg/L, fouled the membranes less than the MBR filtrate and surface control waters while both treated and control waters maintained consistent levels of salt rejection throughout the tests. C1 [Stanford, Benjamin D.] Hazen & Sawyer PC, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Stanford, Benjamin D.; Pisarenko, Aleksey N.; Snyder, Shane A.] So Nevada Water Author, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Snyder, Shane A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Stanford, BD (reprint author), Hazen & Sawyer PC, 4011 Westchase Blvd,Suite 500, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM bstanford@hazenandsawyer.com RI Snyder, Shane/A-3302-2011; Pisarenko, Aleksey/B-6816-2015 OI Snyder, Shane/0000-0003-2709-9840; Pisarenko, Aleksey/0000-0001-5287-8219 FU WateReuse Foundation [WRF-08-08]; Hydranautics; APTwater FX The authors wish to thank Sarper Sarp (GIST, Korea) and Ludwig Kim (Texas A&M) for their assistance in setting up the RO flat sheet systems and for performing the initial tests on Colorado River Water. The authors also thank the mangers, operators, and laboratory personnel at the City of Las Vegas and Clark County Water Reclamation Facilities. Other individuals at SNWA have been highly helpful in this study including Janie Zeigler, Beck Trenholm, Brett Vanderford, Sujanie Gamage, Dongxu Yan, Mark Benotti, and Dan Gerrity. We also appreciate the comments of the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. Support for this research has been provided by the WateReuse Foundation Tailored Collaboration Program, Project number WRF-08-08, and many utility and industry partners including Hydranautics and APTwater. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PY 2011 VL 33 IS 5 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1080/01919512.2011.607385 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 835GA UT WOS:000296022600005 ER PT B AU Brooks, KN Ffolliott, PF Guertin, DP Lu, SY Neiber, JL Predmore, SR Barten, PK AF Brooks, Kenneth N. Ffolliott, Peter F. Guertin, D. Phillip Lu, Shiang-Yue Neiber, John L. Predmore, Steve R. Barten, Paul K. BE Kolka, RK Sebestyen, SD Verry, ES Brooks, KN TI Multiple Resource and Hydrologic Models for Peatland-Upland Forests of the Northern Lake States SO PEATLAND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND WATERSHED HYDROLOGY AT THE MARCELL EXPERIMENTAL FOREST LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MINNESOTA; ENERGY C1 [Brooks, Kenneth N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Ffolliott, Peter F.; Guertin, D. Phillip] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lu, Shiang-Yue] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan. [Neiber, John L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Predmore, Steve R.] NOAA, Missouri Basin River Forecast Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. [Barten, Paul K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Brooks, KN (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1425-3; 978-1-4398-1424-6 PY 2011 BP 459 EP 479 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BC9LR UT WOS:000356611000019 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Becker, C. A. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Implications of the choice of interatomic potential on calculated planar faults and surface properties in nickel SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE atomistic simulation; computer modeling; computer simulation; deformation properties; first-principles calculations; interatomic potential; molecular dynamic simulations; nickel ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; FCC METALS; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FREE-ENERGIES; AL; SIMULATIONS; ELEMENTS AB With the increasing use of molecular simulation to understand deformation mechanisms in transition metals, it is important to assess how well the simulations reproduce physical behavior both near equilibrium and under more extreme conditions. In particular, it is important to examine whether simulations predict unusual deformation paths that are competitive with those experimentally observed. In this work we compare generalized planar fault energy landscapes and surface energies for various interatomic potentials with those from density functional theory calculations to examine how well these more complicated planar faults and surface energies are captured and whether any deformations are energetically competitive with the {111} < 112 > slip observed in FCC crystals. To do this we examine not just the (111) fault orientation, but also the (100), (110), (210), (211), (311), and (331) orientations to test behavior outside of the fitting range of the interatomic potentials. We find that the shape of the (111)[11 (2) over bar] stacking fault energy curve varies significantly with potential, with the ratio of unstable to stable stacking fault energies ranging from 1.22 to 14.07, and some deformation paths for non-(111) orientations give activation barriers less than 50% higher than the unstable stacking fault energies. These are important considerations when choosing an interatomic potential for deformation simulations. C1 [Becker, C. A.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cbecker@nist.gov NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2011 VL 91 IS 27 BP 3578 EP 3597 DI 10.1080/14786435.2011.587839 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 869FN UT WOS:000298582600003 ER PT J AU McGillen, MR Archibald, AT Carey, T Leather, KE Shallcross, DE Wenger, JC Percival, CJ AF McGillen, Max R. Archibald, Alex T. Carey, Trevor Leather, Kimberley E. Shallcross, Dudley E. Wenger, John C. Percival, Carl J. TI Structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the prediction of gas-phase ozonolysis rate coefficients: an extension towards heteroatomic unsaturated species SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POSSIBLE INSECT ATTRACTANTS; RATE CONSTANTS; NO3 RADICALS; OH; O-3; OZONE; ALKENES; ATMOSPHERE; HYDROXYL AB Heteroatomic unsaturated volatile organic compounds (HUVOCs) are common trace components of the atmosphere, yet their diverse chemical behaviour presents difficulties for predicting their oxidation kinetics using structure-activity relationships (SARs). An existing SAR is adapted to help meet this challenge, enabling the prediction of ozonolysis rates with unprecedented accuracy. The new SAR index, x(H), correlates strongly with available literature measurements of ozonolysis rate coefficients (R(2) = 0.87), a database representing 110 species. It was found that capturing the inductive effect rather than the steric effect is of primary importance in predicting the reactivity of these species, which is to be anticipated since HUVOCs can possess a variety of functional groups with a range of electron-withdrawing and donating tendencies. New experimental measurements of ozonolysis rate coefficients were conducted for 1-penten-3-ol, 3-methyl; ethene, 1,1-dimethoxy; E-2-pentenoic acid; E-1,2-dichloroethene; Z-1,2-dichloroethene; trichloroethene; tetrachloroethene; 1-butene, 3-chloro and 2-chloropropene, and were determined to be 5.15 x 10(-18), 4.82 x 10(-16), 3.07 x 10(-18), 8.05 x 10(-20), 4.88 x 10(-21), 6.04 x 10(-22), 1.56 x 10(-24), 2.26 x 10(-18) and 1.13 x 10(-19) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively. The index of the inductive effect, i(H), is compared with other indices of the electron-withdrawing capacity of a substitution, notably the Taft sigma* constants and the rate of reaction of a given species with the hydroxyl radical, both of which are expected to be unaffected by steric factors. i(H) correlates strongly in both cases and suggests a universal response by olefinic species towards electrophilic addition. C1 [McGillen, Max R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Archibald, Alex T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Carey, Trevor; Wenger, John C.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland. [Carey, Trevor; Wenger, John C.] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Leather, Kimberley E.; Percival, Carl J.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Shallcross, Dudley E.] Univ Bristol, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. RP McGillen, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Wenger, John/F-6662-2010; McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Percival, Carl/B-9353-2012; OI Wenger, John/0000-0002-4109-976X; McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; percival, carl/0000-0003-2525-160X NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 7 BP 2842 EP 2849 DI 10.1039/c0cp01732a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 715NF UT WOS:000286890500047 PM 21152651 ER PT J AU Casavecchia, P Brouard, M Costes, M Nesbitt, D Bieske, E Kable, S AF Casavecchia, Piergiorgio Brouard, Mark Costes, Michel Nesbitt, David Bieske, Evan Kable, Scott TI Molecular collision dynamics SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Casavecchia, Piergiorgio] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brouard, Mark] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. [Costes, Michel] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5255, Inst Mol Sci, F-33405 Talence, France. [Nesbitt, David] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bieske, Evan] Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Kable, Scott] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Casavecchia, P (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, Via Elce Dio Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. EM piero@dyn.unipg.it; mark.brouard@chem.ox.ac.uk; m.costes@ism.u-bordeaux1.fr; djn@jila.colorado.edu; evanjb@unimelb.edu.au; scott.kable@sydney.edu.au RI Brouard, Mark/A-3106-2013; Casavecchia, Piergiorgio/F-4175-2014; OI Casavecchia, Piergiorgio/0000-0003-1934-7891; Bieske, Evan/0000-0003-1848-507X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 18 BP 8073 EP 8074 DI 10.1039/c1cp90049h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 755RO UT WOS:000289954300001 PM 21487595 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Chakraborty, P Henz, BJ Zachariah, MR AF Ma, Xiaofei Chakraborty, Purnendu Henz, Brian J. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Molecular dynamic simulation of dicarboxylic acid coated aqueous aerosol: structure and processing of water vapor SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT; LIQUID/VAPOR INTERFACE; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; SURFACE-TENSION; HYDROPHOBICITY; NANOAEROSOLS; EVAPORATION; ACTIVATION; PARTICLES AB Organic monolayers at the surfaces of aqueous aerosols play an important role in determining the mass, heat transfer rate and surface reactivity of atmospheric aerosols. They can potentially contribute to the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are involved in a series of chemical reactions occurring in atmosphere. Recent studies even suggest that organic-coated interfaces could have played some role in prebiotic biochemistry and the origin of life. However, creating reproducible, well-characterized aqueous aerosol particles coated with organic films is an experimental challenge. This opens the opportunity for computer simulations and modeling of these complex structures. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation was used to probe the structure and the interfacial properties of the dicarboxylic acid coated aqueous aerosol. Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids of various chain lengths and water solubility were chosen to coat a water droplet consisting of 2440 water molecules. For malonic acid coated aerosol, the surface acid molecules dissolved into the water core and formed an ordered structure due to the hydrophobic interactions. The acid and the water are separated inside the aerosol. For other nanoaerosols coated with low solubility acids, phase separation between water and acid molecules was observed on the surface of the particle. To study the water processing of the coated aerosols, the water vapor accommodation factors were calculated. C1 [Ma, Xiaofei; Chakraborty, Purnendu; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Chakraborty, Purnendu; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henz, Brian J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Ma, Xiaofei/B-3569-2011; Chakraborty, Purnendu/E-8502-2011 FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of a National Science Foundation-NIRT grant and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 20 BP 9374 EP 9384 DI 10.1039/c0cp01923b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 759FA UT WOS:000290224900038 PM 21479309 ER PT J AU McGillen, MR Ghalaieny, M Percival, CJ AF McGillen, Max R. Ghalaieny, Mohamed Percival, Carl J. TI Determination of gas-phase ozonolysis rate coefficients of C8-14 terminal alkenes at elevated temperatures using the relative rate method SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; OZONE; O-3 AB The rates of ozonolysis of a suite of terminal alkenes ranging from C8-14 are determined in the gas phase at an elevated temperature of 395.9 +/- 1.2 K and a pressure of similar to 650 Torr using the EXTreme RAnge chamber (EXTRA). Rates are found to be invariant with carbon number, whilst literature measurements conducted under ambient conditions exhibited an increase in rate coefficient after 10 carbon atoms. These earlier findings appear to contradict the intuitive notion that the inductive effect is a short-range process operating over a maximum distance of a few carbon atoms. These new measurements support the hypothesis that operating under ambient conditions, kinetic measurements of condensable species can be influenced adversely by heterogeneous processes and should therefore be treated with caution. C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Ghalaieny, Mohamed; Percival, Carl J.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP McGillen, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM max.mcgillen@noaa.gov RI McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Percival, Carl/B-9353-2012; OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; percival, carl/0000-0003-2525-160X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 23 BP 10965 EP 10969 DI 10.1039/c0cp02643c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 770UE UT WOS:000291113200013 PM 21431192 ER PT J AU Lineberger, WC Borden, WT AF Lineberger, W. Carl Borden, Weston Thatcher TI The synergy between qualitative theory, quantitative calculations, and direct experiments in understanding, calculating, and measuring the energy differences between the lowest singlet and triplet states of organic diradicals SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; LASER PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETRY; LOW-LYING TRIPLET; MOLECULAR PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROMETRY; NON-KEKULE MOLECULES; GROUND-STATE; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; RADICAL-ANION; NEGATIVE-ION; TRANSITION-STATE AB This perspective describes research, carried out in the authors' labs over the past forty years, aimed at understanding, predicting, and measuring the singlet-triplet energy differences (Delta E-ST) in diradicals. A theory for qualitatively predicting the ground states of diradicals and the use of Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NIPES) for measuring Delta EST are described. The application of this theory, ab initio calculations, and NIPES to the prediction and measurement of Delta EST in a wide variety of organic diradicals is detailed. Among the diradicals that are discussed in this perspective are HN, CH3N, PhN, CH2, trimethylenemethane (TMM), oxyallyl (OXA), meta-benzoquinodimethane (MBQDM), meta-benzoquinone (MBQ), tetramethyleneethane (TME), 1,2,4,5-tetramethylenebenzene (TMB), and D-8h cyclooctatetraene (COT). All of these diradicals have been studied in one and, in most cases, in both of the authors' laboratories. The studies of OXA and D-8h COT were, in fact, collaborations between the research groups of the authors. These two projects both took advantage of the ability of NIPES to provide information about transition states. Transition-state spectroscopy was used to measure the carbonyl stretching frequency in the singlet state of OXA and to establish that D-8h COT violates the strictest version of Hund's rule. C1 [Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lineberger, W. Carl] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borden, Weston Thatcher] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Borden, Weston Thatcher] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Simulat Computat & Modeling, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Lineberger, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU National Science Foundation; Robert A, Welch Foundation [B0027] FX WCL is pleased to acknowledge generous support from the National Science Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. WTB thanks the National Science Foundation for supporting his research on diradicals for the past 40 years, the Robert A, Welch Foundation for Grant B0027, and his many coworkers and collaborators, particularly Dr David A. Hrovat and Professors Ernest R. Davidson and Jerome A. Berson. NR 136 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 25 BP 11792 EP 11813 DI 10.1039/c0cp02786c PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 777WX UT WOS:000291656900001 PM 21614391 ER PT J AU Allison, TC Tong, YJ AF Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Evaluation of methods to predict reactivity of gold nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FRONTIER-ELECTRON THEORY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; FUKUI FUNCTION INDEXES; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; SUPPORTED GOLD; COPPER CLUSTERS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SILVER CLUSTERS; METAL-SURFACES AB Several methods have appeared in the literature for predicting reactivity on metallic surfaces and on the surface of metallic nanoparticles. All of these methods have some relationship to the concept of frontier molecular orbital theory. The d-band theory of Hammer and Norskov is perhaps the most widely used predictor of reactivity on metallic surfaces, and it has been successfully applied in many cases. Use of the Fukui function and the condensed Fukui function is well established in organic chemistry, but has not been so widely applied in predicting the reactivity of metallic nanoparticles. In this article, we will evaluate the usefulness of the condensed Fukui function in predicting the reactivity of a family of cubo-octahedral gold nanoparticles and make comparison with the d-band method. C1 [Allison, Thomas C.; Tong, YuYe J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Allison, TC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.allison@nist.gov; yyt@georgetown.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895]; NSF [CHE-0923910] FX A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The research in YYJT's lab is supported by DOE (DE-FG02-07ER15895) and by NSF (CHE-0923910). The authors thank the reviewers for a number of helpful comments. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 28 BP 12858 EP 12864 DI 10.1039/c1cp20376b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 801SJ UT WOS:000293460400022 PM 21687878 ER PT J AU Sharp-Williams, EN Roberts, MA Nesbitt, DJ AF Sharp-Williams, Erin N. Roberts, Melanie A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Dark state vibronic coupling in the (A)over-tilde((2)Pi) <- (X)over-tilde((2)Sigma(+)) band of ethynyl radical via high resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLOR-CENTER LASER; RATE-CONSTANT MEASUREMENTS; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED C2H; LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; THEORETICAL CALCULATION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRUM; CCH; TRANSITION AB The high resolution infrared spectrum for the (A) over tilde((2)Pi) <- (X) over tilde((2)Sigma(+)) origin band of jet-cooled ethynyl radical (C2H) in the gas phase is reported, which exhibits a strong, parity-specific local perturbation in the upper (2)Pi(1/2) state. Based on revised parity assignments of the levels, the perturbing state is unambiguously determined to be (2)Sigma(+) symmetry, and thus coupled to the (A) over tilde((2)Pi) state by Delta K = +/- 1 Coriolis interactions. By incorporating Sigma-Pi Coriolis coupling into the unperturbed Hamiltonian (containing only rotational, spin-rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda-doubling contributions), we are now able to fit the observed (2)Pi-(2)Sigma(+) origin band to a sub Doppler experimental uncertainty of 15 MHz (0.0005 cm(-1)). In addition, the observation of pairs of transitions to mixed states permits determination of the band origin (nu(pert)) and rotational constant (B-pert) for the "dark" (2)Sigma(+) state, which prove to be in remarkably quantitative agreement with full vibronic predictions of Tarroni and Carter as well as UV dispersed fluorescence studies of Hsu et al. This represents an important benchmark in mapping out non-Born-Oppenheimer vibronic interactions and energy level structure in a polyatomic combustion radical system, an understanding of which will be key to modeling chemical reactions in both terrestrial and astronomical environments. C1 [Sharp-Williams, Erin N.; Roberts, Melanie A.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sharp-Williams, EN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; NRC FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Department of Energy, with additional funds in building up the apparatus from the National Science Foundation. We also would like to acknowledge Prof. R. F. Curl for his help, scholarship and intellectual generosity. Finally, one of us (E. N. S.-W.) would like acknowledge the NRC for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 39 BP 17474 EP 17483 DI 10.1039/c1cp21523j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 826TM UT WOS:000295377700006 PM 21897928 ER PT J AU Dillon, TJ Vereecken, L Horowitz, A Khamaganov, V Crowley, JN Lelieveld, J AF Dillon, Terry J. Vereecken, Luc Horowitz, Abraham Khamaganov, Victor Crowley, John N. Lelieveld, Jos TI Removal of the potent greenhouse gas NF3 by reactions with the atmospheric oxidants O(D-1), OH and O-3 SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE; INTERNAL-ROTATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RATE CONSTANTS; F COMPOUNDS; MOLECULES; KINETICS; N-2; DEACTIVATION; SO2F2 AB Nitrogen trifluoride, NF3, a trace gas of purely anthropogenic origin with a large global warming potential is accumulating in the Earth's atmosphere. Large uncertainties are however associated with its atmospheric removal rate. In this work, experimental and theoretical kinetic tools were used to study the reactions of NF3 with three of the principal gas-phase atmospheric oxidants: O(D-1), OH and O-3. For reaction (R2) with O(D-1), rate coefficients of k(2)(212-356 K) = (2.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) were obtained in direct competitive kinetics experiments, and experimental and theoretical evidence was obtained for F-atom product formation. These results indicate that whilst photolysis in the stratosphere remains the principal fate of NF3, reaction with O(D-1) is significant and was previously underestimated in atmospheric lifetime calculations. Experimental evidence of F-atom production from 248 nm photolysis of NF3 was also obtained, indicating that quantum yields for NF3 destruction remain significant throughout the UV. No evidence was found for reaction (R3) of NF3 with OH indicating that this process makes little or no contribution to NF3 removal from the atmosphere. An upper-limit of k(3)(298 K) < 4 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was obtained experimentally; theoretical analysis suggests that the true rate coefficient is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller. An upper-limit of k(4)(296 K) < 3 x 10(-25) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was obtained in experiments to investigate O-3 + NF3 (R4). Altogether these results underpin calculations of a long (several hundred year) lifetime for NF3. In the course of this work rate coefficients (in units of 10(-11) cm 3 molecule(-1) s(-1)) for removal of O(1 D) by n-C5H12, k(6) = (50 +/- 5) and by N-2, k(7) = (3.1 +/- 0.2) were obtained. Uncertainties quoted throughout are 2 sigma precision only. C1 [Dillon, Terry J.; Vereecken, Luc; Horowitz, Abraham; Crowley, John N.; Lelieveld, Jos] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Khamaganov, Victor] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lelieveld, Jos] Cyprus Inst, CY-1645 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Dillon, TJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM terry.dillon@mpic.de RI Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Dillon, Terry/A-3921-2011; Vereecken, Luc/D-5025-2016 OI Dillon, Terry/0000-0001-8974-9410; Vereecken, Luc/0000-0001-7845-684X FU Max Planck Graduate Center FX The authors thank Gerhard Schuster for excellent all-round technical assistance; TJD, VK and AH acknowledge the receipt of Forschungsstipendia from the Max Planck Society. L.V. thanks the Max Planck Graduate Center for financial support. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 41 BP 18600 EP 18608 DI 10.1039/c1cp22230a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 831LB UT WOS:000295731100037 PM 21947258 ER PT J AU Sawyer, BC Stuhl, BK Yeo, M Tscherbul, TV Hummon, MT Xia, Y Kios, J Patterson, D Doyle, JM Ye, J AF Sawyer, Brian C. Stuhl, Benjamin K. Yeo, Mark Tscherbul, Timur V. Hummon, Matthew T. Xia, Yong Kios, Jacek Patterson, David Doyle, John M. Ye, Jun TI Cold heteromolecular dipolar collisions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLAR-MOLECULES; STERIC ASYMMETRY; PROPENSITIES; AMMONIA; AR AB Cold molecules promise to reveal a rich set of novel collision dynamics in the low-energy regime. By combining for the first time the techniques of Stark deceleration, magnetic trapping, and cryogenic buffer gas cooling, we present the first experimental observation of cold collisions between two different species of state-selected neutral polar molecules. This has enabled an absolute measurement of the total trap loss cross sections between OH and ND(3) at a mean collision energy of 3.6 cm (1) (5 K). Due to the dipolar interaction, the total cross section increases upon application of an external polarizing electric field. Cross sections computed from ab initio potential energy surfaces are in agreement with the measured value at zero external electric field. The theory presented here represents the first such analysis of collisions between a (2)Pi radical and a closed-shell polyatomic molecule. C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.; Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Xia, Yong; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sawyer, Brian C.; Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Xia, Yong; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.; Patterson, David; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tscherbul, Timur V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Xia, Yong] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Kios, Jacek] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bsawyer@nist.gov RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014; OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323; HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500 FU DOE; AFOSR-MURI; NSF; NIST; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX The authors acknowledge DOE, AFOSR-MURI, NSF, and NIST for funding support. M. Hummon is a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow. T. V. Tscherbul was supported by NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT CUA and ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. We thank G. Quemener and J. L. Bohn for stimulating discussions and J. Rasmussen for technical assistance. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 42 BP 19059 EP 19066 DI 10.1039/c1cp21203f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 835HP UT WOS:000296027500043 PM 21881670 ER PT J AU Julienne, PS Hanna, TM Idziaszek, Z AF Julienne, Paul S. Hanna, Thomas M. Idziaszek, Zbigniew TI Universal ultracold collision rates for polar molecules of two alkali-metal atoms SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; OPTICAL LATTICES; COLD MOLECULES; GASES; SCATTERING; PHYSICS; CONFINEMENT; THRESHOLD AB Universal collision rate constants are calculated for ultracold collisions of two like bosonic or fermionic heteronuclear alkali-metal dimers involving the species Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs. Universal collisions are those for which the short range probability of a reactive or quenching collision is unity such that a collision removes a pair of molecules from the sample. In this case, the collision rates are determined by universal quantum dynamics at very long range compared to the chemical bond length. We calculate the universal rate constants for reaction of the reactive dimers in their ground vibrational state nu = 0 and for vibrational quenching of non-reactive dimers with nu >= 1. Using the known dipole moments and estimated van der Waals coefficients of each species, we calculate electric field dependent loss rate constants for collisions of molecules tightly confined to quasi-two-dimensional geometry by a one-dimensional optical lattice. A simple scaling relation of the quasi-two-dimensional loss rate constants with dipole strength, trap frequency and collision energy is given for like bosons or like fermions. It should be possible to stabilize ultracold dimers of any of these species against destructive collisions by confining them in a lattice and orienting them with an electric field of less than 20 kV cm(-1). C1 [Julienne, Paul S.; Hanna, Thomas M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.; Hanna, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM psj@umd.edu RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU AFOSR; Polish Government FX This work was supported in part by an AFOSR MURI grant on ultracold polar molecules and in part by a Polish Government Research Grant for the years 2011-2014. NR 74 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 42 BP 19114 EP 19124 DI 10.1039/c1cp21270b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 835HP UT WOS:000296027500049 PM 21773648 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME AF Jacox, Marilyn E. BE Khriachtchev, L TI PHOTOEXCITATION OF FREE RADICALS AND MOLECULAR IONS TRAPPED IN RARE-GAS SOLIDS SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY AT LOW TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXCITED NEON ATOMS; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; MATRIX-ISOLATION TECHNIQUE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ARGON MATRIX; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CATION RADICALS; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES AB The photochemical production of free radicals, molecular ions, and other highly reactive species, their trapping in rare-gas solids for studies of their vibrational and electronic spectra, and the use of secondary photolysis for product identification are surveyed. The application of gas-phase thermodynamic and spectroscopic data in planning and interpreting the experiments is emphasized and illustrated. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 96 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-782-3 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 23 D2 10.4032/9789814267823 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BXW04 UT WOS:000297316000002 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wood, KR Wang, MY AF Overland, James E. Wood, Kevin R. Wang, Muyin TI Warm Arctic-cold continents: climate impacts of the newly open Arctic Sea SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Climate change; sea ice; atmospheric circulation; North Atlantic Oscillation ID POLAR AMPLIFICATION; ICE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE; INCREASE; MODELS; OCEAN AB Recent Arctic changes are likely due to coupled Arctic amplification mechanisms with increased linkage between Arctic climate and sub-Arctic weather. Historically, sea ice grew rapidly in autumn, a strong negative radiative feedback. But increased sea-ice mobility, loss of multi-year sea ice, enhanced heat storage in newly sea ice-free ocean areas, and modified wind fields form connected positive feedback processes. One-way shifts in the Arctic system are sensitive to the combination of episodic intrinsic atmospheric and ocean variability and persistent increasing greenhouse gases. Winter 2009/10 and December 2010 showed a unique connectivity between the Arctic and more southern weather patterns when the typical polar vortex was replaced by high geopotential heights over the central Arctic and low heights over mid-latitudes that resulted in record snow and low temperatures, a warm Arctic-cold continents pattern. The negative value of the winter (DJF 2009/10) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index associated with enhanced meridional winds was the lowest observed value since the beginning of the record in 1865. Wind patterns in December 2007 and 2008 also show an impact of warmer Arctic temperatures. A tendency for higher geopotential heights over the Arctic and enhanced meridional winds are physically consistent with continued loss of sea ice over the next 40 years. A major challenge is to understand the interaction of Arctic changes with climate patterns such as the NAO, Pacific North American and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wood, Kevin R.; Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011 OI Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Programme Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX We appreciate discussions with Bob Dickson, Mark Serreze and John Walsh on the increased linkage of Arctic amplification processes with the sub-Arctic. We appreciate discussions on the likely sea-ice state during the Holocene optimum with R. Peirrehumbert & H. Goosse. This article was supported by Arctic Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Programme Office. Partial funding was supplied by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232. This publication is a JISAO contribution and a Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory contribution no. 3567. NR 75 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 51 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2011 VL 30 AR 15787 DI 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15787 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 874LC UT WOS:000298957700003 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Lin, M Winesett, A Dhez, O Kilcoyne, AL Ade, H Rubinstein, M Shafi, KVPM Ulman, A Gersappe, D Tenne, R Rafailovich, M Sokolov, J Frisch, HL AF Zhang, W. Lin, M. Winesett, A. Dhez, O. Kilcoyne, A. Ld. Ade, H. Rubinstein, M. Shafi, K. V. P. M. Ulman, A. Gersappe, D. Tenne, R. Rafailovich, M. Sokolov, J. Frisch, H. L. TI The use of functionalized nanoparticles as non-specific compatibilizers for polymer blends SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Polymers for Advanced Technologies (PAT 2009) CY OCT 11-14, 2009 CL Jerusalem, ISRAEL DE polymer blends; nanocomposites; compatibilization; thermodynamics; nanoclay ID PHASE-SEPARATION; X-RAY; NANOCOMPOSITES; FILMS; MICROSCOPY; SIMULATION; PARTICLES; MIXTURE AB The ability to form blends of polymers offers the opportunity of creating a new class of materials with enhanced properties. In addition to the polymer components, recent advances in nanoengineering have resulted in the development of nanosized inorganic particles that can be used to improve the properties of the blend, such as the flammability and the mechanical properties. While traditional methods using copolymer compatibilizers have been used to strengthen polymer blends, here, we show that the inorganic nanosized filler additive can also serve as a compatibilizer as it can localize to the interface between the polymers. We use experimental and theoretical studies to show the fundamental mechanisms by which inorganic fillers with large aspect ratio and at least one-dimension in the nanometer range, can act as non-specific compatibilizers for polymer blends. We examine a series of nanosized fillers, ranging from nanotubes to nanoclays (with varying aspect ratios) in a model polystyrene (PS)/poly(methylmethacyralate) (PMMA) blend. Using a number of experimental techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling X-ray microscopy (STXM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) we postulate that the mechanism of compatibilization occurs as a result of the fillers forming in situ grafts with the immiscible polymers. We also use theoretical studies to show that the aspect ratio and the bending energy of the fillers play a key role in the compatibilization process. Our results indicate that the compatibilization is a general phenomenon, which should occur with all large aspect ratio nanofiller additives to polymer blends. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, W.; Gersappe, D.; Rafailovich, M.; Sokolov, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lin, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Winesett, A.; Dhez, O.; Kilcoyne, A. Ld.; Ade, H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rubinstein, M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Shafi, K. V. P. M.; Ulman, A.] Polytech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Tenne, R.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Rafailovich, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; OI Dhez, Olivier/0000-0002-8610-5449 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 SI SI BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1002/pat.1875 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 702GE UT WOS:000285881800010 ER PT J AU Monk, MH Berkson, J Rivalan, P AF Monk, Melissa Hedges Berkson, Jim Rivalan, Philippe TI Estimating demographic parameters for loggerhead sea turtles using mark-recapture data and a multistate model SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Breeding cycle; Caretta caretta; Nesting-beach survey; Population dynamics; Survival ID POPULATION PROJECTION MATRICES; ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; SURVIVAL PROBABILITY; CARETTA-CARETTA; ADULT SURVIVAL; ROBUST DESIGN; REPRODUCTION; CONSERVATION AB The survival for adult loggerhead sea turtles from a saturation tagging study on Bald Head Island, NC, USA, was estimated using a multistate model with unobservable states to relax assumptions that are violated when survival is estimated from multistate models and produce more accurate estimates of survival, recapture, and breeding transition probabilities. The influence of time, trap dependence, and low site fidelity to the study nesting beach on survival and recapture were examined. The best model given the data included an imprecise site-fidelity effect on survival, constrained the reproductive cycle to 4 years, and contained a time effect on recapture rates. The estimate of annual survival for adult females was of 0.85, producing the highest estimate in the literature for loggerhead sea turtles. Multistate models should be applied to other nesting beach data for sea turtles to improve survival estimates and in turn the ability to model and manage populations. C1 [Monk, Melissa Hedges] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Rivalan, Philippe] CNRS, UPR 1934, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, Beauvoir Niort, France. RP Monk, MH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, 2197 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mhedge1@tigers.lsu.edu FU Bald Head Island Conservancy; NMFS RTR Unit at Virginia Tech FX We thank the Bald Head Island Conservancy for their commitment and funding the study on Bald Head Island as well all interns and volunteers involved in the project. Thank you to Dr. Nancy Thompson, Dr. Marcella Kelly, Dr. Matthew Godfrey, Dr. Joseph Powers and anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Bill Kendall for reviewing the manuscript and for conversations regarding the modeling content of the study. The Cooperative Marine Turtle Tagging Program has also been fundamental to maintaining a tagging database and providing information exchange among programs. Funding for this project was provided by the Bald Head Island Conservancy and NMFS RTR Unit at Virginia Tech. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 53 IS 1 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/s10144-010-0205-x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 695JG UT WOS:000285365800017 ER PT S AU Yeo, D Simiu, E AF Yeo, DongHun Simiu, Emil BE DeRoeck, G Degrande, G Lombaert, G Muller, G TI Estimating Peaks of Combined Dynamic Wind Effects on Tall Structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, EURODYN 2011 SE EURODYN-International Conference on Structural Dynamics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN) CY JUL 04-06, 2011 CL Leuven, BELGIUM DE Database-Assisted Design (DAD); wind effects; multiple points-in-time approach; high-rise building AB One of the problems encountered in the estimation of wind effects on high-rise structures is the development of combinations of translational responses and the rotational response to wind, and/or forces and moments at various cross sections of individual structural members. In current wind engineering practice such combinations are developed largely "by eye" since phase information on the effects being combined is not readily available from frequency domain analyses. In contrast, full time series analyses can produce estimates of combined wind effects, since they preserve phase information; however, such analyses can be too time-consuming. To solve the problem, a time domain, database-assisted design (DAD) procedure was developed that uses a multiple points-in-time (MPIT) approach. The procedure is illustrated by an application to a 60-story reinforced concrete structure. Results showed that the MPIT approach produces remarkably accurate estimates of the peak combined wind effects by using a limited number of peaks of the time histories of the individual wind effects being combined. Those estimates are obtained far more economically in terms of computational time than conventional time domain analyses that use full time histories. It is noted that frequency domain techniques are not capable of performing accurate estimates of peak combined wind effects owing to the loss of phase information between the random processes being combined. C1 [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS PI MUNICH PA C/O LEHRSTUHL BAUMECHANIK, TECHNISCHE UNIV MUNCHEN, ARCISSTRASSE 21, MUNICH, D-80290, GERMANY SN 2311-9020 BN 978-90-760-1931-4 J9 EURODYN PY 2011 BP 1586 EP 1591 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BE0RB UT WOS:000366660801091 ER PT B AU Burns, TJ Mates, SP Rhorer, RL Whitenton, EP Basak, D AF Burns, Timothy J. Mates, Steven P. Rhorer, Richard L. Whitenton, Eric P. Basak, Debasis GP ASME TI EFFECT ON FLOW STRESS OF A RAPID PHASE TRANSITION IN AISI 1045 STEEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference / 4th JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing CY JUN 13-17, 2011 CL Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR HO Oregon State Univ DE High-speed machining; Kolsky bar; AISI 1045 steel; Thermal modeling AB New experimental data on AISI 1045 steel from the NIST pulse-heated Kolsky Bar Laboratory are presented. The material is shown to exhibit a nonequilibrium phase transformation at high strain rate. An interesting feature of these data is that the material has a stiffer response to compressive loading when it has been preheated to a testing temperature that is below the eutectoid temperature using pulse-heating than it does when it has been preheated using a slower heating method. On the other hand, when the material has been pulse-heated to a temperature that exceeds the eutectoid temperature prior to compressive loading on the Kolsky bar, it is shown to exhibit a significant loss of strength. A consequence of this behavior is that fixed-parameter constitutive models, such as the well-known Johnson-Cook model, cannot be used to describe this constitutive response behavior. An argument is made that the phase transition does not occur during high-speed machining operations, and suggestions are made as to how to modify the Johnson-Cook model of Jaspers and Dauzenberg for this material in order to obtain improved temperature predictions in finite-element simulations of high-speed machining processes. C1 [Burns, Timothy J.; Mates, Steven P.; Rhorer, Richard L.; Whitenton, Eric P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basak, Debasis] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA. RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4430-4 PY 2011 BP 261 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFJ30 UT WOS:000320096800033 ER PT B AU Kihm, KD Hussey, D Pratt, DM Swanson, AD AF Kihm, K. D. Hussey, D. Pratt, D. M. Swanson, A. D. GP ASME TI NEUTRON IMAGING FEASIBILITY OF LIQUID METAL COOLANT BEHAVIORS INSIDE A HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOY HEAT PIPE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1 PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference CY MAR 13-17, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers AB Experimental study has been conducted for multiscale characterization of liquid metal(Na) transport within a heat pipe using a neutron imaging technique. Feasibility of nonintrusive imaging of liquid sodium contained inside a nickel alloy heat pipe has been examined for the imaging resolution, exposure time requirements, background noises, and other basic considerations associated with neutron beam scattering. Preliminary results of neutron imaging show fairly acceptable feasibility of neutron imaging of liquid sodium contained inside an alloy jacket. Furthermore, challenges are identified to enhance the spatial and thermal resolutions in order to achieve more physically demanding imaging of the liquid metal thermal transport behaviors. C1 [Kihm, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pratt, D. M.; Swanson, A. D.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, AFRL, OH USA. [Hussey, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU U.S. Government FX This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all interest in the U.S. Government's contributions. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5454-9 PY 2011 BP 1383 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFH11 UT WOS:000319843000161 ER PT J AU Marchese, AJ Vaughn, TL Kroenlein, K Dryer, FL AF Marchese, Anthony J. Vaughn, Timothy L. Kroenlein, Kenneth Dryer, Frederick L. TI Ignition delay of fatty acid methyl ester fuel droplets: Microgravity experiments and detailed numerical modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Droplet combustion; Laminar flames; Methyl esters; Microgravity combustion ID BIODIESEL; SURROGATE AB Recent optical engine studies have linked increases in NOx emissions from fatty acid methyl ester combustion to differences in the premixed autoignition zone of the diesel fuel jet. In this study, ignition of single, isolated liquid droplets in quiescent, high temperature air was considered as a means of gaining insight into the transient, partially premixed ignition conditions that exist in the autoignition zone of a fatty acid methyl ester fuel jet. Normal gravity and microgravity (10(-4) m/s(2)) droplet ignition delay experiments were conducted by use of a variety of neat methyl esters and commercial soy methyl ester. Droplet ignition experiments were chosen because spherically symmetric droplet combustion represents the simplest two-phase, time-dependent chemically reacting flow system permitting a numerical solution with complex physical submodels. To create spherically symmetric conditions for direct comparison with a detailed numerical model, experiments were conducted in microgravity by use of a 1.1 s drop tower. In the experiments, droplets were grown and deployed onto 14 mu m silicon carbide fibers and injected into a tube furnace containing atmospheric pressure air at temperatures up to 1300 K. The ignition event was characterized by measurement of UV emission from hydroxyl radical (OH*) chemiluminescence. The experimental results were compared against predictions from a time-dependent, spherically symmetric droplet combustion simulation with detailed gas phase chemical kinetics, spectrally resolved radiative heat transfer andmulti-component transport. By use of a skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism (125 species, 713 reactions), the computed ignition delay period for methyl decanoate (C11H22O2) showed excellent agreement with experimental results at furnace temperatures greater than 1200 K. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Marchese, Anthony J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kroenlein, Kenneth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dryer, Frederick L.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Marchese, AJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1374 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM marchese@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation [CTS-042080, CBET-0854134]; NASA at Princeton University [NCC3-375, NNCO4AA66A] FX The experimental component of this research was supported by Grants CTS-042080 and CBET-0854134 from National Science Foundation. Development of the droplet combustion model used in this work was supported under NASA Cooperative Agreements NCC3-375 and NNCO4AA66A at Princeton University. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2011 VL 33 BP 2021 EP 2030 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.044 PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 698XR UT WOS:000285629000041 ER PT B AU Heckel, BR Adelberger, EG Terrano, WA Cramer, CE AF Heckel, B. R. Adelberger, E. G. Terrano, W. A. Cramer, C. E. BE Kostelecky, VA TI TORSION BALANCE TESTS OF COUPLINGS TO SPIN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ ID PHENOMENOLOGY AB This article describes constraints on possible new spin-coupled interactions using a torsion pendulum with approximately 1 x 10(23) polarized electrons. C1 [Heckel, B. R.; Adelberger, E. G.; Terrano, W. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cramer, C. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heckel, BR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM heckel@phys.washington.edu FU NSF [PHY0355012, PHY0653863]; DOE FX This work was supported by NSF Grants PHY0355012 and PHY0653863 and by DOE funding for the Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4327-67-1 PY 2011 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZT UT WOS:000394395200009 ER PT B AU Fu, CB Gentile, TR Snow, WM AF Fu, Changbo Gentile, Thomas R. Snow, William M. BE Kostelecky, VA TI CONSTRAINTS ON MONOPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS OF WISPS FROM POLARIZED GAS RELAXATION TIME SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN HO Indiana Univ ID HE-3; FORCES; LIMITS AB Various theories beyond the Standard Model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A P-odd, T-odd, spin-dependent interaction between polarized and unpolarized matter is one such possibility. Such a monopole-dipole interaction can be induced by the exchange of spin-0 particles. The presence of a possible monopole-dipole interaction between fermion spins and unpolarized matter would cause a decreased transverse spin relaxation time T-2 for a confined gas of polarized nuclei. By reanalyzing previously existing data on the spin relaxation times of polarized He-3 in gas cells with pressure in the millibar range and applying the well established theory of spin relaxation for magnetic field gradients to gradients in a possible monopole-dipole field, we present new laboratory constraints on the strength and range of such an interaction. These constraints represent to our knowledge the best limits on such interactions for the neutron with ranges between 0.01 cm and 1 cm. C1 [Fu, Changbo; Gentile, Thomas R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fu, Changbo; Snow, William M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Fu, CB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0116146] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under award PHY-0116146. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4327-67-1 PY 2011 BP 244 EP 248 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZT UT WOS:000394395200048 ER PT J AU Nghiem, SV Neumann, G Clemente-Colon, P Rigor, IG Perovich, DK AF Nghiem, Son V. Neumann, Gregory Clemente-Colon, Pablo Rigor, Ignatius G. Perovich, Donald K. BE Chicco, G Nghiem, SV TI Arctic Perennial Sea Ice Crash of the 2000s and its Impacts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOENVIRONMENT, BIODIVERSITY AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES (BIONATURE 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Bioenvironment, Biodiversity and Renewable Energies (BIONATURE) CY MAY 22-27, 2011 CL Venice, ITALY SP IARIA DE Perennial sea ice loss; Polar Express; albedo; insolation; Arctic passages; tropospheric chemical changes. ID DEPLETION; CHEMISTRY; MERCURY; OZONE; SPRINGTIME; ATMOSPHERE AB Satellite and surface observations show that half of the extent of perennial sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been lost in the decade of 2000s. Perennial sea ice is the class of old and thick ice important for the stability of the Arctic environment. Perennial ice extent set the record low in 2008 and has remained low as seen in updated satellite scatterometer data and surface drifting buoy measurements in 2011. The drastic decline of Arctic sea ice is far exceeding the worst-case projections from climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. The important role of the Polar Express phenomenon has been identified, indicating dynamic and thermodynamic effects are combined to expedite the loss of perennial sea ice. Consequently, major impacts include decreases in Arctic surface albedo, increases in absorbed insolation, facilitation of sea-route opening, and changes in tropospheric chemical processes such as bromine explosion, ozone depletion, and mercury deposition that impact the biosphere. C1 [Nghiem, Son V.; Neumann, Gregory] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Clemente-Colon, Pablo] NOAA, Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Rigor, Ignatius G.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Perovich, Donald K.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Son.V.Nghiem@jpl.nasa.gov; Gregory.Neumann@jpl.nasa.gov; Pablo.Clemente-Colon@noaa.gov; ignatius@apl.washington.edu; Donald.K.Perovich@usace.army.mil FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric Sciences Program FX The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric Sciences Program. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IARIA XPS PRESS PI WILMINGTON PA PO BOX 7827, WILMINGTON, DE 19803 USA BN 978-1-61208-138-0 PY 2011 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH0GC UT WOS:000394874300008 ER PT J AU Gleason, ACR Kellison, GT Reid, RP AF Gleason, Arthur C. R. Kellison, G. Todd Reid, R. Pamela TI Geomorphic Characterization of Reef Fish Aggregation Sites in the Upper Florida Keys, USA, Using Single-Beam Acoustics SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER LA English DT Article DE acoustic seabed classification; fish spawning aggregations; outlier reefs; QTC ID SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; SOUTHEAST FLORIDA; PROTECTED AREAS; BARRIER-REEF; MARGIN; QUATERNARY; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; PATTERNS; BELIZE AB The objective of this study was to determine if multiple reef fish aggregation sites in the upper Florida Keys share characteristic geomorphic features. A commercial single-beam acoustic seabed classification system was used to map the seabed in the vicinity of reported or observed black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and yellowtail snapper (L. chrysurus) aggregation sites. Results showed that drowned, margin-parallel, rocky ridges, known locally as outlier reefs, were features found in proximity to all of the mapped aggregation sites. In particular, three geomorphic characteristics were observed at most sites: a steep slope of the landward boundary of the upper slope terrace, an exposed outlier reef forming the seaward boundary of the upper slope terrace, and at least one other exposed outlier reef on the upper slope terrace. The results suggest that the acoustic-mapping technologies used herein could be valuable when considering the placement of marine reserves. C1 [Gleason, Arthur C. R.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Reid, R. Pamela] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kellison, G. Todd] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Kellison, G. Todd] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr Facil, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Gleason, ACR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, POB 248046, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM art.gleason@miami.edu; todd.kellison@noaa.gov; preid@rsmas.miami.edu NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0033-0124 EI 1467-9272 J9 PROF GEOGR JI Prof. Geogr. PY 2011 VL 63 IS 4 BP 443 EP 455 DI 10.1080/00330124.2011.585075 PG 13 WC Geography SC Geography GA 880NE UT WOS:000299413200004 ER PT J AU Stock, CA Alexander, MA Bond, NA Brander, KM Cheung, WWL Curchitser, EN Delworth, TL Dunne, JP Griffies, SM Haltuch, MA Hare, JA Hollowed, AB Lehodey, P Levin, SA Link, JS Rose, KA Rykaczewski, RR Sarmiento, JL Stouffer, RJ Schwing, FB Vecchi, GA Werner, FE AF Stock, Charles A. Alexander, Michael A. Bond, Nicholas A. Brander, Keith M. Cheung, William W. L. Curchitser, Enrique N. Delworth, Thomas L. Dunne, John P. Griffies, Stephen M. Haltuch, Melissa A. Hare, Jonathan A. Hollowed, Anne B. Lehodey, Patrick Levin, Simon A. Link, Jason S. Rose, Kenneth A. Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Stouffer, Ronald J. Schwing, Franklin B. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Werner, Francisco E. TI On the use of IPCC-class models to assess the impact of climate on Living Marine Resources SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; PACIFIC REGIME SHIFTS; TO-END MODELS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; FISH PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; BERING-SEA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; POPULATION-MODELS; NETWORK ANALYSIS AB The study of climate impacts on Living Marine Resources (LMRs) has increased rapidly in recent years with the availability of climate model simulations contributed to the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Collaboration between climate and LMR scientists and shared understanding of critical challenges for such applications are essential for developing robust projections of climate impacts on LMRs. This paper assesses present approaches for generating projections of climate impacts on LMRs using IPCC-class climate models, recommends practices that should be followed for these applications, and identifies priority developments that could improve current projections. Understanding of the climate system and its representation within climate models has progressed to a point where many climate model outputs can now be used effectively to make LMR projections. However, uncertainty in climate model projections (particularly biases and inter-model spread at regional to local scales), coarse climate model resolution, and the uncertainty and potential complexity of the mechanisms underlying the response of LMRs to climate limit the robustness and precision of LMR projections. A variety of techniques including the analysis of multi-model ensembles, bias corrections, and statistical and dynamical downscaling can ameliorate some limitations, though the assumptions underlying these approaches and the sensitivity of results to their application must be assessed for each application. Developments in LMR science that could improve current projections of climate impacts on LMRs include improved understanding of the multi-scale mechanisms that link climate and LMRs and better representations of these mechanisms within more holistic LMR models. These developments require a strong baseline of field and laboratory observations including long time series and measurements over the broad range of spatial and temporal scales over which LMRs and climate interact. Priority developments for IPCC-class climate models include improved model accuracy (particularly at regional and local scales), inter-annual to decadal-scale predictions, and the continued development of earth system models capable of simulating the evolution of both the physical climate system and biosphere. Efforts to address these issues should occur in parallel and be informed by the continued application of existing climate and LMR models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stock, Charles A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Dunne, John P.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Rykaczewski, Ryan R.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Brander, Keith M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Danish Inst Aquat Resources, DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Cheung, William W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Curchitser, Enrique N.; Werner, Francisco E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lehodey, Patrick] CLS, Space Oceanog Div, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France. [Levin, Simon A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm Energy, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Stock, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM charles.stock@noaa.gov; Michael.Alexander@noaa.gov; Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov; kbr@aqua.dtu.dk; william.cheung@uea.ac.uk; enrique@marine.rutgers.edu; Tom.Delworth@noaa.gov; John.Dunne@noaa.gov; Stephen.Griffies@noaa.gov; Melissa.Haltuch@noaa.gov; Jon.Hare@noaa.gov; Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov; Plehodey@cls.fr; slevin@princeton.edu; Jason.Link@noaa.gov; Ryan.Rykaczewski@noaa.gov; jls@princeton.edu; Ronald.Stouffer@noaa.gov; Franklin.Schwing@noaa.gov; Gabriel.Vecchi@noaa.gov; cisco@marine.rutgers.edu RI Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Cheung, William/F-5104-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X; Lehodey, Patrick/0000-0002-2753-4796; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Cheung, William/0000-0003-3626-1045; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations; Princeton University FX The authors would like to thank all those who attended and helped organize the workshop "Applying IPCC-class Models of Global Warming to Fisheries Prediction" held in Princeton NJ, June 15-17, 2009. This contribution reflects the lively discussion and debate which took place throughout the workshop. Funding for the workshop was generously provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations and Princeton University. The authors would also like to thank Whit Anderson, Jason Cope, Isaac Kaplan, Vince Saba, and Ian Taylor for their comments on early versions of this paper and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Lastly, we would like to specially thank Dr. John Steele who kindly served as the Guest Editor of this manuscript. NR 223 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.001 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 727VH UT WOS:000287830400001 ER PT J AU Cravatte, S Ganachaud, A Duong, QP Kessler, WS Eldin, G Dutrieux, P AF Cravatte, Sophie Ganachaud, Alexandre Duong, Quoc-Phi Kessler, William S. Eldin, Gerard Dutrieux, Pierre TI Observed circulation in the Solomon Sea from SADCP data SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL-TROPICAL CELLS; CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; IN-SITU; OCEAN; WATER; UNDERCURRENT AB The Solomon Sea, in the western tropical Pacific, is part of a major oceanic pathway for waters connecting the tropics to the equator via low latitude western boundary currents. Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data from 94 various cruises and transits are used to describe the Solomon Sea mean circulation and its seasonal variability above 300 m depth, providing an unprecedently detailed picture from observations. The circulation in the near-surface (20-100 m) and thermocline (100-300 m) layers were analyzed separately but found to have many similar features. They are compared with circulations inferred from hydrological and satellite data. The New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent enters the Solomon Sea east of the Louisiade Archipelago (15 Sv inflow above 300 m), splits and rejoins around the Woodlark Chain, then divides against the coast of New Britain forming two branches flowing westward and eastward. The westward branch has been previously observed flowing through Vitiaz Strait; in the present SADCP data this transport is found to be 7-8 Sv in the upper 300 m. The eastward branch has been suspected and occurs in some models; it exits the Solomon Sea through St. George's Channel (1-2 Sv) and Solomon Strait (4-5 Sv) in the thermocline. At the surface, waters enter the Solomon Strait from the north. The seasonal variability can be documented in locations of sufficient data coverage. It is shown that this western boundary system strengthens in June-August. A summary of transport variability in the straits of the Solomon Sea from individual cruises is also presented. Transports in the straits display some stable features, but also high non-seasonal variability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cravatte, Sophie] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP PCA, LEGOS, IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Ganachaud, Alexandre; Eldin, Gerard] IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Duong, Quoc-Phi] Ecole Natl Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dutrieux, Pierre] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Cravatte, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP PCA, LEGOS, IRD, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM sophie.cravatte@legos.obs-mip.fr RI Dutrieux, Pierre/B-7568-2012; Ganachaud, Alexandre/B-7556-2013; Cravatte, Sophie/J-7081-2016 OI Dutrieux, Pierre/0000-0002-8066-934X; Cravatte, Sophie/0000-0002-2439-8952 FU ANR [ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01]; INSU/LEFE FX This study has been possible thanks to the effort of many scientists, engineers and crews who carefully recorded, processed and made available SADCP data. The authors recognize the hard work done to accomplish this task, and are very grateful to all who contributed. SADCP data were downloaded freely from various databases. Many of them come from the Joint Archive for Shipboard ADCP (JASADCP, http://ilikai.soest.hawaii.edu/sadcp/main_inv.html). We greatly thank E. Firing, J. Hammon and P. Caldwell for maintaining this resource. Other SADCP data come from R/V Franklin (http://www.marine.csiro.au/maru/marlin_admin.survey_list), and from IRD (P. Grimigni, E. Kestenare, http://www.ird.nc/ECOP/sadcp_inventory.html). The authors also wish to thank M. Tivey, C. Maes and J. Murray who made their SADCP cruise available. The authors wish to thank Laurent Testut who kindly made the tidal analyses and hindcasts, and M.-H. Rio who provided the modified CMDT product, answered questions about it and made specific analyses very useful for this study. L. Gourdeau, A. Melet, T. Delcroix, E. Kestenare and an anonymous reviewer made useful comments about an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors finally wish to acknowledge use of the Ferret program for analysis and graphics in this paper. Ferret is a product of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. (Information is available at http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret.). This work is co-funded by ANR project ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01 and INSU/LEFE project IDAO; it is a contribution to the CLIVAR/SPICE International program (http://www.clivar.org; http://www.solomonseaoceanography.org). This is PMEL Contribution # 3563. NR 67 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 88 IS 1-4 BP 116 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.12.015 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 727VH UT WOS:000287830400007 ER PT J AU Frenkel, M Chirico, RD Diky, V Brown, PL Dymond, JH Goldberg, RN Goodwin, ARH Heerklotz, H Konigsberger, E Ladbury, JE Marsh, KN Remeta, DP Stein, SE Wakeham, WA Williams, PA AF Frenkel, Michael Chirico, Robert D. Diky, Vladimir Brown, Paul L. Dymond, John H. Goldberg, Robert N. Goodwin, Anthony R. H. Heerklotz, Heiko Koenigsberger, Erich Ladbury, John E. Marsh, Kenneth N. Remeta, David P. Stein, Stephen E. Wakeham, William A. Williams, Peter A. TI Extension of ThermoML: The IUPAC standard for thermodynamic data communications (IUPAC Recommendations 2011) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE communications; data; standards; standardization; thermochemistry; thermo dynamics; ThermoML ID XML-BASED APPROACH; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; BIOCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES; EXPERT-SYSTEMS; STORAGE; EXCHANGE; NOMENCLATURE; CHLORIDE; TABLES AB ThermoML is an XML-based approach for storage and exchange of experimental, predicted, and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. Extensions to the ThermoML schema for the representation of speciation, complex equilibria, and properties of biomaterials are described. The texts of 14 data files illustrating the new extensions are provided as Supplementary Information together with the complete text of the updated ThermoML schema. C1 [Frenkel, Michael; Chirico, Robert D.; Diky, Vladimir] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, Paul L.] Rio Tinto Technol & Innovat, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia. [Dymond, John H.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Goldberg, Robert N.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Goodwin, Anthony R. H.] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. [Heerklotz, Heiko] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharm, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada. [Koenigsberger, Erich] Murdoch Univ, Sch Chem & Math Sci, Fac Sci & Engn, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Ladbury, John E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Remeta, David P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wakeham, William A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Williams, Peter A.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU IUPAC Committee; IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications (CPEP) [2007-039-1-024] FX Sponsoring body: IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications: see more details on p. 1965.; The authors express their appreciation to the IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications (CPEP) for providing travel funds for this project: 2007-039-1-024, "Extension of ThermoML-the IUPAC Standard for Thermodynamic Data Communications". For M. F., R. D. C., V. D., R.N.G., and S. E. S., this work represents an official contribution of the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 79 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2011 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1937 EP 1969 DI 10.1351/PAC-REC-11-05-01 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 871MM UT WOS:000298742200005 ER PT S AU Ma, LJ Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Single photon frequency up-conversion and its applications SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IX CY AUG 24-25, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Frequency Up-conversion; Single photon detection; Quantum information ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; WAVE-GUIDE; INFRARED SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTH; DETECTORS; ENTANGLEMENT; CRYPTOGRAPHY; GENERATION AB We have studied single photon level frequency up-conversion, and developed efficient single photon detectors and a highly sensitive spectrometer at a telecommunication wavelength (around 1310 nm). We have applied the detector and spectrometer to the implementation of a quantum key distribution system; to the characterization of an entangled photon source and a single photon source from quantum dots; to increase the temporal resolution of the single photon detector; and to study on high-order temporal correlation following frequency conversion. In this paper, we will present an overview on the frequency up-conversion technique and its applications in quantum information systems. C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-773-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8163 AR 81630N DI 10.1117/12.890980 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BXZ20 UT WOS:000297671600017 ER PT S AU Bienfang, JC Restelli, A Migdall, A AF Bienfang, Joshua C. Restelli, Alessandro Migdall, Alan BE Razeghi, M Sudharsanan, R Brown, GJ TI SPAD electronics for high-speed quantum communications SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VIII CY JAN 23-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Single-photon detection; quantum communications; SPAD ID AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES AB We discuss high-speed electronics that support the use of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in gigahertz single-photon communications systems. For InGaAs/InP SPADs, recent work has demonstrated reduced afterpulsing and count rates approaching 500 MHz can be achieved with gigahertz periodic-gating techniques designed to minimize the total avalanche charge to less than 100 fC. We investigate afterpulsing in this regime and establish a connection to observations using more conventional techniques. For Si SPADs, we report the benefits of improved timing electronics that enhance the temporal resolution of Si SPADs used in a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system operating in the GHz regime. We establish that the effects of count-rate fluctuations induced by daytime turbulent scintillation are significantly reduced, benefitting the performance of the QKD system. C1 [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bienfang, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-482-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7945 AR 79452N DI 10.1117/12.875564 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BWE00 UT WOS:000293695800073 ER PT J AU Compo, GP Whitaker, JS Sardeshmukh, PD Matsui, N Allan, RJ Yin, X Gleason, BE Vose, RS Rutledge, G Bessemoulin, P Bronnimann, S Brunet, M Crouthamel, RI Grant, AN Groisman, PY Jones, PD Kruk, MC Kruger, AC Marshall, GJ Maugeri, M Mok, HY Nordli, O Ross, TF Trigo, RM Wang, XL Woodruff, SD Worley, SJ AF Compo, G. P. Whitaker, J. S. Sardeshmukh, P. D. Matsui, N. Allan, R. J. Yin, X. Gleason, B. E., Jr. Vose, R. S. Rutledge, G. Bessemoulin, P. Broennimann, S. Brunet, M. Crouthamel, R. I. Grant, A. N. Groisman, P. Y. Jones, P. D. Kruk, M. C. Kruger, A. C. Marshall, G. J. Maugeri, M. Mok, H. Y. Nordli, O. Ross, T. F. Trigo, R. M. Wang, X. L. Woodruff, S. D. Worley, S. J. TI The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; state estimation; surface pressure; sea-level pressure ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL-ERROR REPRESENTATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; LEVEL PRESSURE; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AB The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) project is an international effort to produce a comprehensive global atmospheric circulation dataset spanning the twentieth century, assimilating only surface pressure reports and using observed monthly sea-surface temperature and sea-ice distributions as boundary conditions. It is chiefly motivated by a need to provide an observational dataset with quantified uncertainties for validations of climate model simulations of the twentieth century onall time-scales, with emphasis on the statistics of daily weather. It uses an Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation method with background 'first guess' fields supplied by an ensemble of forecasts from a global numerical weather prediction model. This directly yields a global analysis every 6 hours as the most likely state of the atmosphere, and also an uncertainty estimate of that analysis. The 20CR dataset provides the first estimates of global tropospheric variability, and of the dataset's time-varying quality, from 1871 to the present at 6-hourly temporal and 2 degrees spatial resolutions. Intercomparisons with independent radiosonde data indicate that the reanalyses are generally of high quality. The quality in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere throughout the century is similar to that of current three-day operational NWP forecasts. Intercomparisons over the second half-century of these surface-based reanalyses with other reanalyses that also make use of upper-air and satellite data are equally encouraging. It is anticipated that the 20CR dataset will be a valuable resource to the climate research community for both model validations and diagnostic studies. Some surprising results are already evident. For instance, the long-term trends of indices representing the North Atlantic Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Walker Circulation, and the Pacific-North American pattern are weak or non-existent over the full period of record. The long-term trends of zonally averaged precipitation minus evaporation also differ in character from those in climate model simulations of the twentieth century. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright. C1 [Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.; Matsui, N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, G. P.; Whitaker, J. S.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.; Matsui, N.; Woodruff, S. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Allan, R. J.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, ACRE Project, Exeter, Devon, England. [Yin, X.; Kruk, M. C.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. [Gleason, B. E., Jr.; Vose, R. S.; Rutledge, G.; Groisman, P. Y.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Bessemoulin, P.] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Broennimann, S.; Grant, A. N.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Broennimann, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Brunet, M.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Tarragona, Spain. [Crouthamel, R. I.] Int Environm Data Rescue Org, Deale, MD USA. [Groisman, P. Y.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Brunet, M.; Jones, P. D.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Kruger, A. C.] S African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Marshall, G. J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Maugeri, M.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Mok, H. Y.] Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Nordli, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Ross, T. F.] NOAA, Climate Database Modernizat Program, NCDC, Asheville, NC USA. [Trigo, R. M.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Geofis, IDL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Wang, X. L.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Worley, S. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Compo, GP (reprint author), 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM compo@colorado.edu RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Grant, Andrea/A-1693-2008; Manola, Brunet-India/E-8239-2010; Yin, Xungang/G-1334-2012; Trigo, Ricardo/B-7044-2008; OI Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991; Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Grant, Andrea/0000-0002-1553-596X; Manola, Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852; COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Maugeri, Maurizio/0000-0002-4110-9737 FU Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence; UK Joint Department of Energy and Climate Change and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DECC/Defra) [DECC/Defra GA01101]; National Science Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); NOAA Climate Goal; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project received support and observational data from many people, organizations, and projects. The NOAA NCEP/EMC staff's years of work improving the GFS, and particularly the help of S. Moorthi, H.L. Pan, S. Saha, R. Kistler, and S. Lord is gratefully acknowledged. The NOAA ESRL/Physical Sciences Division (PSD) and CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center (CDC) IT staff provided invaluable computer support, especially K. Healy, R. Jesse, A. McColl, C. McColl, B. McInnes, and N. Wilde. Assistance with ISPD calculations by C. McColl is also gratefully acknowledged. The work of D. Hooper and C. Smith to make the dataset available at NOAA ESRL/PSD and CIRES/CDC, and the work of the NCAR Data Support Section, especially J. Comeaux, D. Schuster and C.-F. Shi, to make the dataset available at NCAR is gratefully acknowledged. Consulting and support provided by the staff of the US DOE National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, especially H. He and F. Verdier, and by the staff of the US DOE National Center for Computational Sciences, especially I. Carpenter and D. Kothe, is gratefully acknowledged. Useful discussions are acknowledged with colleagues in ESRL/PSD and CIRES/CDC (especially T. Hamill, R. Webb, R. Dole, C. McColl, M. Newman, and W. Neff), colleagues at NCAR (especially J. Anderson, J. Comeaux, R. Jenne, and K. Trenberth), colleagues at ECMWF(especially D. Dee, A. Simmons, and J-N. Thepaut), colleagues at the UK Met Office Hadley Centre (especially P. Brohan and T. Ansell), colleagues at the University of Maryland (especially P. Arkin and E. Kalnay), and colleagues at the US DOE (especially A. Bamzai and K. Yelick). The US Department of Commerce-Boulder and NCAR librarians kindly assisted with manuscript research. The authors would like to thank the organizations and projects listed in Table II and the following individuals for invaluable assistance in exchanging observations for the ISPD: W. Adam of the Lindenberg Observatory, DWD; K. Andsager of NOAA's Midwestern Regional Climate Center; T. Brandsma of KNMI; J. Burroughs, S. Doty, J. Elms, K. R. Knapp, D. H. Levinson, N. Lott, T. C. Peterson, and R. Truesdell of NOAA's NCDC; J. Comeaux and C.-F. Shi of NCAR; F. Le Blancq of the Jersey Met Service; S. J. Lubker of NOAA ESRL; G. Lentini of Universita degli Studi Milano; N. Nichols of Monash University; L. Srnec of the Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia; A. Stickler of ETH Zurich for CHUAN; V. Swail of Environment Canada; B. Trewin and D. Jones of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology; D. Tse of the Hong Kong Observatory; M. A. Valente of the University of Lisbon and M. Barros of the University of Porto for SIGN contributions; J. S. Woollen of NOAA/NCEP; and V. Wagner and R. Zoellner of DWD. The IBTrACS dataset benefitted from the considerable work of C. Landsea and the HURDAT Reanalysis Project. The assembly of the ISPD under the auspices of the GCOS AOPC/OOPC Working Group on Surface Pressure and the WCRP/GCOS Working Group on Observational Data Sets for Reanalysis by NOAA/ESRL, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and the Climate Diagnostics Center (CDC) of the University of Colorado's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) is gratefully acknowledged. The HadISST fields are courtesy of N. Rayner, BADC, and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre. The assistance of M. Fiorino with daily interpolation of HadISST fields is acknowledged. Access to the ECHAM4.5 AGCM integrations was courtesy of the IRI data library.; The ERA-40 and ERA-Interim datasets are curtesy of ECMWF. Access to the NCEP-NCARReanalysis dataset is courtesy of NOAA ESRL/PSD. The authors would like to thank referees D. Dee, H. Mitchell, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. R. J. Allan receives support under ACRE from the Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence, and from the UK Joint Department of Energy and Climate Change and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Integrated Climate Programme (DECC/Defra GA01101). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. S. Bronnimann and A. N. Grant were supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the NOAA Climate Goal. The project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center and of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively. NR 146 TC 1025 Z9 1071 U1 33 U2 201 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 654 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1002/qj.776 PN A PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 724QX UT WOS:000287592400001 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Wang, Y Li, XF AF Shen, Xinyong Wang, Yi Li, Xiaofan TI Effects of vertical wind shear and cloud radiative processes on responses of rainfall to the large-scale forcing during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model simulation; convective and stratiform rain-rates; vertical wind shear; cloud radiative effects; budget analysis ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CUMULUS ENSEMBLE MODEL; TROPICAL CONVECTION; STRATIFORM RAINFALL; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; MACROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE PROCESSES AB The pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 is simulated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. The model is integrated with imposed zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapour advection from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. The effects of vertical wind shear and cloud radiative processes on the response of rainfall to large-scale forcing are analysed through the comparison of two sensitivity experiments with the control experiment. One sensitivity experiment excludes the large-scale vertical wind shear and the other excludes the cloud radiative effects. During the decay phase of convection, the increase in model domain-mean surface rain-rate resulting from the exclusion of vertical wind shear is associated with the slowdown in the decrease of perturbation kinetic energy due to the exclusion of barotropic conversion from mean kinetic energy to perturbation kinetic energy. The increase in domain-mean rain-rate from the exclusion of cloud radiative effects is related to the enhancement of condensation and associated latent heat as a result of strengthened radiative cooling. The increase in the domain-mean surface rain-rate is mainly associated with the increase of convective rainfall, which is in turn related to the local atmospheric change from moistening to drying. During the onset and mature phases of convection, the domain-mean surface rain-rates are generally insensitive to vertical wind shear and cloud radiative effects whereas convective and stratiform rain-rates are sensitive to vertical wind shear and cloud radiative effects. The decrease in convective rain-rate and the increase in stratiform rain-rate are primarily associated with the enhanced transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions to raining stratiform regions. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shen, Xinyong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM shenxy@nuist.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033, 41075039]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China [2009] FX The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model, N. Sun at I. M. Systems Group, Inc. for technical assistance and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that significantly improved the early version of this manuscript. This study is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2011CB403405, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40775033 and 41075039, the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant No. GYHY200806009, and the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 2009. NR 67 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 137 IS 654 BP 236 EP 249 DI 10.1002/qj.735 PN A PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 724QX UT WOS:000287592400016 ER PT S AU Vargas, M Kogan, F Guo, W AF Vargas, Marco Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J Chang, NB TI Statistical Normalization of Brightness Temperature Records from the NOAA/AVHRR SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability VIII CY AUG 22-23, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AVHRR; brightness temperature; statistical normalization; EDF ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; LAND-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NOAA-AVHRR DATA; VEGETATION INDEX; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; ORBITAL DRIFT; YIELD; INDIA AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors onboard The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites have been measuring electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth in the visible (VIS), Near-Infrared (NIR) and Infrared (IR) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum for nearly 30 years. The Global Vegetation Index Vegetation Health product (GVI-x VH) developed from the AVHRR dataset includes the Brightness Temperature (BT) variable calculated from the IR channels, which in turn is used to estimate other environmental variables such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VTI) among others. However, the satellite measured IR radiances need to be corrected with sufficient accuracy to minimize the uncertainty introduced by a host of sources such as the atmosphere, stratospheric aerosols, and satellite orbital drift before being input into any algorithm to generate remotely sensed products. In this research we have applied a statistical technique based on Empirical Distribution Functions (EDF) to normalize the NOAA GVI-x BT records for the combined effect of the sources of uncertainty mentioned above, avoiding the need for physics based corrections. The normalized results are tested to verify that the normalization improves the data. C1 [Vargas, Marco; Kogan, Felix] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Vargas, M (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM marco.vargas@noaa.gov RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Vargas, Marco/F-5629-2010 OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Vargas, Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-766-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8156 AR 81560Y DI 10.1117/12.892556 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BXZ14 UT WOS:000297669400029 ER PT B AU Mizobata, K Wang, J Hu, HG Wang, DR AF Mizobata, Kohei Wang, Jia Hu, Haoguo Wang, Daoru BE Tang, DL TI Low Primary Productivity in the Chukchi Sea Controlled by Warm Pacific Water: A Data-Model Fusion Study SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE CHANGING OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference, PORSEC2008 CY DEC 02-06, 2008 CL S China Sea Inst Oceanog, Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Assoc Sci & Technol, Guangdong Nat Sci Fdn HO S China Sea Inst Oceanog DE Chlorophyll; Chukchi Sea; Pacific water; SeaWiFS; Coupled ice-ocean model; Primary productivity ID BERING-SEA; ICE; BEAUFORT; SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; OCEAN AB The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) has identified a broad low chlorophyll-a (chl-a) area in the Chukchi Sea since 2002. High sea surface temperature from 2002 (more than 5 degrees C), which resulted in a long duration of open water, was also detected by satellite. An intensified ocean color front at the southwest Chukchi Sea near the Siberian Coast indicates nutrient depletion in the Alaska Coastal Current and its branches. A low chl-a area started to emerge in the Hope Valley in June, and then expanded to the Herald Shoal and Hanna Shoal during July and August. The evolution pattern of low chl-a area is consistent with the variability of the pathway of the Pacific water simulated by a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model (CIOM). These results suggest that the summer phytoplankton bloom from 2002 to 2005 was suppressed by the dominance of warm nutrient-poor water from the Pacific, and by the deepening of the surface mixed layer by strong wind stress. During the summer of 2004, a phytoplankton bloom was detected at the ice edge when the sea surface wind field was relatively calm. Our results imply that the ice edge bloom was induced due to weak wind speeds, which produce shallower upper mixed layer, favoring the ice-edge bloom. C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, GLERL, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Mizobata, Kohei] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. [Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Daoru] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China. RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, GLERL, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM mizobata@kaiyodai.ac.jp; jia.wang@noaa.gov; haoguo.hu@noaa.gov; wangdr6@yahoo.com.cn FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) through the program of Arctic Research projects using the IARC (International Arctic Research Center)-JAXA Information System (IJIS) FX A part of this study is supported by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) through the program of Arctic Research projects using the IARC (International Arctic Research Center)-JAXA Information System (IJIS). J.W. and K.M. also appreciate support from the RUSALCA Modeling Project of the NOAA Office of Arctic Research. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. This is GLERL contribution 1552. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16540-5 PY 2011 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16541-2_12 PG 12 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BH0HQ UT WOS:000395049400012 ER PT B AU Song, YT Han, SC AF Song, Y. Tony Han, Shin-Chan BE Tang, DL TI Satellite Observations Defying the Long-Held Tsunami Genesis Theory SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE CHANGING OCEANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference, PORSEC2008 CY DEC 02-06, 2008 CL S China Sea Inst Oceanog, Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Assoc Sci & Technol, Guangdong Nat Sci Fdn HO S China Sea Inst Oceanog DE Tsunami genesis theory; GRACE; Vertical uplift; Horizontal displacement; Seismograph; GPS data ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; DECEMBER 26; GENERATION; ALTIMETRY; AFTERSLIP; BOTTOM AB Using seismographs and GPS displacement measurements, we have estimated the seafloor deformation history of the December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and the March 2005 Nias earthquake by separating their deformation period into intervals of 800-s, 1-h, and 6-months. We have then calculated their corresponding gravity changes (induced by the seafloor deformation), which are 11.3, 12.5, and 14.9 microgalileo, respectively. We show that the seismographs and GPS-derived values are consistent with the known postseismic to coseismic moment ratio of 30% and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measurements of 15 microgalileo for the same period of 6 months. However, the vertical component of the accumulated seafloor deformation during the tsunami formation period (similar to 30 min) could only generate a potential energy of 1.2 x 10(15) Joules and account for only one third of the actual tsunami height. The evidence is overwhelmingly contrary to the long-held theory that the vertical deformation of seafloor is the primary source of tsunamis. Furthermore, we have carefully examined the pioneering wave-maker experiment that initially conceived the ubiquitous tsunami genesis theory. Surprisingly, we found that the experimental ratio of the horizontal slip distance to the water depth the non-dimensional parameter that allows comparing the experiment with reality on an apple-to-apple basis was - 200 times of realistic earthquake parameters. The experimental conclusion is problematic in conceiving the tsunami theory. By including the horizontal momentum energy transferred by the faulting continental slope in a three-dimensional tsunami model, we have re-examined the December 2004 tsunami using both seismographs and GPS measurements. Our results show that the new theory is more consistent with altimetry and tide data than the conventional theory of using the vertical force alone, suggesting that the tsunami formation mechanism is not as simple as previously thought. C1 [Song, Y. Tony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Han, Shin-Chan] NOAA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Song, YT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Tony.Song@jpl.nasa.gov; Shin-Chan.Han@nasa.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16540-5 PY 2011 BP 327 EP 342 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16541-2_17 PG 16 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BH0HQ UT WOS:000395049400017 ER PT S AU McDonald, MA Wang, PC Siegel, EL AF McDonald, Michael A. Wang, Paul C. Siegel, Eliot L. BE Achilefu, S Raghavachari, R TI Protein Nanospheres: Synergistic Nanoplatform-Based Probes for Multimodality Imaging SO REPORTERS, MARKERS, DYES, NANOPARTICLES, AND MOLECULAR PROBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reporters, Markers, Dyes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular Probes for Biomedical Applications III CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Protein nanospheres; multimodal imaging; gene delivery; nanoplatform; synergistic ID CONTRAST AGENTS; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; WATER EXCHANGE; MRI; SENSITIVITY; CT AB No single clinical imaging modality has the ability to provide both high resolution and high sensitivity at the anatomical, functional and molecular level. Synergistically integrated detection techniques overcome these barriers by combining the advantages of different imaging modalities while reducing their disadvantages. We report the development of protein nanospheres optimized for enhancing MRI, CT and US contrast while also providing high sensitivity optical detection. Transferrin protein nanospheres (TfpNS), silicon coated, doped rare earth oxide and rhodamine B isothiocyanate nanoparticles, Si subset of Gd(2)O(3): Eu, RBITC, (NP) and transferrin protein nanospheres encapsulating Si subset of Gd(2)O(3): Eu, RBITC nanoparticles (TfpNS-NP) were prepared in tissue-mimicking phantoms and imaged utilizing multiple cross-sectional imaging modalities. Preliminary results indicate a 1: 1 NP to TfpNS ratio in TfpNS-NP and improved sensitivity of detection for MRI, CT, US and fluorescence imaging relative to its component parts and/or many commercially available contrast agents. C1 [McDonald, Michael A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McDonald, MA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8447-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7910 AR 79101G DI 10.1117/12.876081 PG 17 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BXZ86 UT WOS:000297729300028 ER PT J AU Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ Szabo, CI Curry, JJ Smillie, DG AF Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. Szabo, Csilla I. Curry, John J. Smillie, Darren G. TI Use of phosphor image plates for measuring intensities in vacuum ultraviolet spectra SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; LUMINESCENCE; CALIBRATION; LAMP AB We describe the use of phosphor image plates for recording spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and for determining accurate relative and absolute intensities. We investigated the spatial uniformity, noise, linearity of the response to VUV light, fading characteristics, saturation characteristics, reproducibility of the image when scanned multiple times, and long-term stability and lifetime of the plates. We find that the plates have a linear intensity response with a dynamic range of more than 4 orders of magnitude. We also show that they have potential as an absolute detector for VUV radiation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi :10.1063/1.3529879] C1 [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.; Szabo, Csilla I.; Curry, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smillie, Darren G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Nave, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gnave@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 82 IS 1 AR 013107 DI 10.1063/1.3529879 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 723ZJ UT WOS:000287545600009 PM 21280816 ER PT J AU Carey, MP Sanderson, BL Friesen, TA Barnas, KA Olden, JD AF Carey, Michael P. Sanderson, Beth L. Friesen, Thomas A. Barnas, Katie A. Olden, Julian D. TI Smallmouth Bass in the Pacific Northwest: A Threat to Native Species; a Benefit for Anglers SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE smallmouth bass; predation; sportfish; invasive species; threatened and endangered salmon ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SNAKE RIVERS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; NONNATIVE FISHES; CHANNEL CATFISH AB As a popular sportfish, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) generates considerable angling opportunities with benefits to local economies even outside of their native range. Smallmouth bass was first introduced to the Pacific Northwest region of North America as a sportfish over 80 years ago, and this species is now widely distributed. More recently, smallmouth bass have become a large component of the fish community in many streams, rivers, and lakes. Smallmouth bass thrive in the Pacific Northwest largely due to the habitat created by human modifications of the landscape. While a desired sportfish, smallmouth bass may also negatively affect native fishes. Of greatest concern is predation on threatened and endangered Pacific salmon; however, the current level of knowledge is inadequate to make informed management decisions for smallmouth bass. Management options for smallmouth bass are complicated further because fisheries agencies are simultaneously charged with enhancing fishing opportunities and controlling predators of threatened and endangered salmon. To advance conservation science, there is a need to determine the utility of different management approaches, and testing options in key areas of overlap between smallmouth bass and salmon is suggested. C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Sanderson, Beth L.; Barnas, Katie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Friesen, Thomas A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA. [Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Michael.P.Carey@noaa.gov RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012 FU NOAA Fisheries; ODFW; University of Washington; National Research Council (NRC); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [833834] FX The authors thank M. Vanlandeghem for insight into bass clubs and tournaments, M. Weaver of ODFW for the electrofishing data presented in Figure 2, and D. Holzer for assistance with the map in Figure 1. NOAA Fisheries, ODFW, and the University of Washington supported this work. Additional support for M.P.C. was provided through an National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. J.D.O. acknowledges funding support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Program (Grant 833834). Reviews by L. Kuehne, J. Williams, W. Dickoff, J. Butzerin, and M. McClure substantially improved the manuscript. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 8 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2011 VL 19 IS 3 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1080/10641262.2011.598584 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 854RG UT WOS:000297511300004 ER PT J AU Popoveniuc, S Kelsey, J Leontie, E AF Popoveniuc, Stefan Kelsey, John Leontie, Eugen GP IEEE TI ON THE PRIVACY THREATS OF ELECTRONIC POLL BOOKS SO SECRYPT 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Security and Cryptography (SECRYPT) CY JUL 18-21, 2011 CL ETSII Univ Seville, Seville, SPAIN SP Inst Syst & Technologies Information, Control & Commun, Inst Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Elect & Elect Engn Syst Council HO ETSII Univ Seville DE Voting; Privacy; Blind signature AB Electronic poll books can rapidly check the eligibility of a voter due to their ability to quickly search lists. However, they also introduce a factor of concern: if the electronic poll book records the order of sign-ins and the voting machine or optical scanner records the order in which the voters cast their ballots, ballot secrecy can be compromised. Worse, if the time at which each voter signs-in and the time at which each ballot is cast are recorded, ballot secrecy is lost. It is surprisingly difficult to avoid saving such timing information, for example in event logs, and even more difficult to verify that no such information is saved. In addition, due to operational complexities, even the more efficient electronic poll books can act as a bottleneck in the voting process. We propose a simple technique to address these concerns, by allowing voters to sign-in from home, and print out a bar-coded ticket to be presented at the check-in table. Using blind signatures, this ticket need not reveal information on the voter's identity to the check-in table at the precinct. The ticket proves than the voter is authorized to vote on a particular ballot style without disclosing her identity. C1 [Popoveniuc, Stefan] KT Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Kelsey, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Leontie, Eugen] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Popoveniuc, S (reprint author), KT Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM poste@gwu.edu; john.kelsey@nist.gov; eugen@gwu.edu FU NSF [CNS0831149, CNS-09347251]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-10194] FX Work was made possible in part by grants NSF CNS0831149, NSF CNS-09347251 and AFOSR FA9550-09-10194. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2011 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB2SG UT WOS:000342217900035 ER PT B AU Rubino, M AF Rubino, Michael BE Shumway, SE TI Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment Foreword SO SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 NOAA Aquaculture Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rubino, M (reprint author), NOAA Aquaculture Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-96093-6; 978-0-8138-1413-1 PY 2011 BP XIII EP XIV D2 10.1002/9780470960967 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BA8DK UT WOS:000338008200001 ER PT B AU Wikfors, GH AF Wikfors, Gary H. BE Shumway, SE TI Trophic interactions between phytoplankton and bivalve aquaculture SO SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; HARMFUL ALGAE; WATER-QUALITY; EUTROPHICATION; METABOLISM; MICROALGAE; NITROGEN; MODEL C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-96093-6; 978-0-8138-1413-1 PY 2011 BP 125 EP 133 D2 10.1002/9780470960967 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BA8DK UT WOS:000338008200007 ER PT J AU Li, X Zamponi, M Hong, KL Porcar, L Shew, CY Jenkins, T Liu, E Smith, GS Herwig, KW Liu, Y Chen, WR AF Li, Xin Zamponi, Michaela Hong, Kunlun Porcar, Lionel Shew, Chwen-Yang Jenkins, Timothy Liu, Emily Smith, Gregory S. Herwig, Kenneth W. Liu, Yun Chen, Wei-Ren TI pH Responsiveness of polyelectrolyte dendrimers: a dynamical perspective SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; INTERNAL DYNAMICS; FIELD GRADIENT; SPIN ECHOES; DIFFUSION AB A combined quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy study was conducted to investigate the internal dynamics of aqueous (D(2)O) G5 PAMAM dendrimer solutions as a function of molecular protonation at room temperature. Localized motion of the dendrimer segments was clearly exhibited in the QENS data analysis while the global, center-of-mass translational diffusion was measured by NMR. Our results unambiguously demonstrate an increased rapidity in local scale (similar to 3 angstrom) motion upon increasing the molecular protonation. This is contrary to an intuitive picture that increased charge stiffens the dendrimer segments thereby inhibiting local motion. These charge-induced changes may be a result of interactions with the surrounding counterions and water molecules as the segments explore additional intra-dendrimer volume made available by slight electrostatic swelling and redistribution of mass in the dendrimer interior. This observation is relevant to development of a microscopic picture of dendrimer-based packages as guest-molecule delivery vehicles because reorganization of the confining dendrimer segments must be a precursor to guest-molecule release. C1 [Li, Xin; Zamponi, Michaela; Smith, Gregory S.; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Xin; Liu, Emily] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Zamponi, Michaela] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY, Dept Chem, Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Jenkins, Timothy; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Herwig, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM herwigkw@ornl.gov; yunliu@nist.gov; chenw@ornl.gov RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith, Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's SNS was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. CNMS is sponsored at ORNL by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 2 BP 618 EP 622 DI 10.1039/c0sm00671h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 705EE UT WOS:000286110900038 ER PT J AU Sadakane, K Iguchi, N Nagao, M Endo, H Melnichenko, YB Seto, H AF Sadakane, Koichiro Iguchi, Natsuki Nagao, Michihiro Endo, Hitoshi Melnichenko, Yuri B. Seto, Hideki TI 2D-Ising-like critical behavior in mixtures of water and 3-methylpyridine including antagonistic salt or ionic surfactant SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHASE-SEPARATION; 3RD COMPONENTS; CRITICAL-POINT; CROSSOVER; SYSTEM; RENORMALIZATION; DENSITY AB The effect of an antagonistic salt on the phase behavior and nanoscale structure of a mixture of D(2)O and 3-methylpyridine was investigated by visual inspection and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The addition of the antagonistic salt, namely sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh(4)), induces the shrinking of the two-phase region in contrast to the case in which a normal (hydrophilic) salt is added. Below the phase separation point, the SANS profiles cannot be described by the Ornstein-Zernike function owing to the existence of a long-range periodic structure. With increasing salt concentration, the critical exponents change from the values of 3D-Ising and approach those of 2D-Ising. These results suggest that the concentration fluctuation of the mixture of solvents is limited to a quasi two-dimensional space by the periodic structure induced by the adding the salt. The same behaviors were also observed in mixtures composed of water, 3-methylpyridine, and ionic surfactant. C1 [Sadakane, Koichiro; Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Sadakane, Koichiro; Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, CMRC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Iguchi, Natsuki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Endo, Hitoshi] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, NSL, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, CEEM, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Seto, H (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM hideki.seto@kek.jp RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge Prof. A. Onuki at Kyoto University for valuable discussions. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area "Soft Matter Physics'' from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. The SANS experiments in JAEA were performed under the approval of the Neutron Scattering Program Advisory Committee (Proposal No. 8616). The Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, and approved by the steering committee of the US-Japan Collaborative Program on Neutron Scattering (2008-14). NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1334 EP 1340 DI 10.1039/c0sm00598c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 718AM UT WOS:000287091600012 ER PT J AU Tegze, G Granasy, L Toth, GI Douglas, JF Pusztai, T AF Tegze, Gyoergy Granasy, Laszlo Toth, Gyula I. Douglas, Jack F. Pusztai, Tamas TI Tuning the structure of non-equilibrium soft materials by varying the thermodynamic driving force for crystal ordering SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ISING-MODEL; ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; 2 DIMENSIONS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION; INTERFACE; STATE AB The present work explores the ubiquitous morphological changes in crystallizing systems with increasing thermodynamic driving force based on a novel dynamic density functional theory. A colloidal 'soft' material is chosen as a model system for our investigation since there are careful colloidal crystallization observations at a particle scale resolution for comparison, which allows for a direct verification of our simulation predictions. We particularly focus on a theoretically unanticipated, and generic, morphological transition leading to progressively irregular-shaped single crystals in both colloidal and polymeric materials with an increasing thermodynamic driving force. Our simulation method significantly extends previous 'phase field' simulations by incorporating a minimal description of the 'atomic' structure of the material, while allowing simultaneously for a description of large scale crystal growth. We discover a 'fast' mode of crystal growth at high driving force, suggested before in experimental colloidal crystallization studies, and find that the coupling of this crystal mode to the well-understood 'diffusive' or 'slow' crystal growth mode (giving rise to symmetric crystal growth mode and dendritic crystallization as in snowflakes by the Mullins-Sekerka instability) can greatly affect the crystal morphology at high thermodynamic driving force. In particular, an understanding of this interplay between these fast and slow crystal growth modes allows us to describe basic crystallization morphologies seen in both colloidal suspensions with increasing particle concentration and crystallizing polymer films with decreasing temperature: compact symmetric crystals, dendritic crystals, fractal-like structures, and then a return to compact symmetric single crystal growth again. C1 [Tegze, Gyoergy; Granasy, Laszlo; Toth, Gyula I.; Pusztai, Tamas] Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Granasy, Laszlo] Brunel Univ, Brunel Ctr Adv Solidificat Technol, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tegze, G (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM turpi@szfki.hu; grana@szfki.hu; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Pusztai, Tamas/A-5718-2012; Granasy, Laszlo/A-6221-2012 OI Pusztai, Tamas/0000-0002-1281-2933; FU EU [NMP4-SL-2008-213669]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [OTKA-K-62588] FX This work has been supported by the EU FP7 Collaborative Project ENSEMBLE under Grant Agreement NMP4-SL-2008-213669 and by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under contract OTKA-K-62588. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1789 EP 1799 DI 10.1039/c0sm00944j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 724PN UT WOS:000287588800034 ER PT J AU Kjallman, THM Nelson, A James, M Dura, JA Travas-Sejdic, J McGillivray, DJ AF Kjaellman, Tanja H. M. Nelson, Andrew James, Michael Dura, Joseph A. Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka McGillivray, Duncan J. TI A neutron reflectivity study of the interfacial and thermal behaviour of surface-attached hairpin DNA SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR BEACON BIOSENSORS; SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DETECTION; GOLD SURFACES; ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERROGATION; HYBRIDIZATION; MONOLAYERS; PROBES; SENSOR; REFLECTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY AB Mixed self-assembled monolayers (mSAMs) have been successfully utilised as platforms for gene sensors, employing optical as well as electrochemical means of detection. Probe density is one of the most important parameters in the construction of such a sensor and thus a fundamental understanding of the structure within the mSAM is vital. In this work, the interfacial behaviour of mixed SAMs, where short PEG oligomers co-adsorbed to the surface with hairpin structured oligonucleotide (ODN) probes, has been investigated. The neutron reflectivity of the mixed SAMs was measured at differing HPP : PEG ratios, and through two routes of formation, to elucidate the effect of controlled HPP surface density on surface conformation of the probes and on the final hybridised ODN-HPP construct. General conclusions regarding the structure of the investigated SAMs could be drawn from determined thickness and volume fraction values and conformational changes in the mSAM, induced by hybridisation with complementary ODN, were also detected. An investigation of the melting behaviour of the surface-attached HPPs was also conducted with polarised neutron reflectivity and clear signs of melting were observed in the reflectivity and the SLD profiles around 45 degrees C. C1 [Kjaellman, Tanja H. M.; Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka] Univ Auckland, Polymer Elect Res Ctr, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Nelson, Andrew; James, Michael] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [James, Michael] Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. [Dura, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka] MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Christchurch, New Zealand. [McGillivray, Duncan J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Travas-Sejdic, J (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Polymer Elect Res Ctr, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand. EM tanja.kjallman@gmail.com; j.travas-sejdic@auckland.ac.nz RI James, Michael/A-8960-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012; McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558; McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 FU Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE); Royal Society of New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology FX The authors thank the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology for financial support, and the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology for access to equipment. TK is grateful to the staff of the Bragg Institute for the help during the Platypus reflectometer commissioning. DJM gratefully acknowledges support from an AINSE Research Fellowship. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 10 BP 5020 EP 5029 DI 10.1039/c0sm01284j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 759FZ UT WOS:000290227400058 ER PT J AU Engstrom, D Trivedi, RP Persson, M Goksor, M Bertness, KA Smalyukh, II AF Engstrom, David Trivedi, Rahul P. Persson, Martin Goksor, Mattias Bertness, Kris A. Smalyukh, Ivan I. TI Three-dimensional imaging of liquid crystal structures and defects by means of holographic manipulation of colloidal nanowires with faceted sidewalls SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC FLUIDS; POLARIZING MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL MANIPULATION; DYNAMICS; ORDER; DISLOCATIONS; SYSTEMS; PHASES AB We use nanowires with faceted sidewalls for mapping of the patterns of three-dimensional orientational order and defect structures. In chiral nematics, the nanowires follow the local average orientation of rod-shaped molecules. When spatially translated by use of holographic optical tweezers in three dimensions, they mediate direct nondestructive visualization of the helicoidal ground-state structures, edge and screw dislocations, and kinks, as well as enable non-contact manipulation of these defects. We probe interactions of faceted nanowires with different defects and demonstrate their spontaneous self-alignment along the cores of singular defect lines. C1 [Engstrom, David; Trivedi, Rahul P.; Persson, Martin; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Engstrom, David; Persson, Martin; Goksor, Mattias] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Trivedi, Rahul P.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smalyukh, II (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966 FU University of Colorado; International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter; NSF [DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, DMR-0847782]; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education FX This work was supported by the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative and Innovation Initiative Seed Grant Programs of University of Colorado, International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, and by NSF grants DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, and DMR-0847782. D. E. acknowledges the support of the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education. We thank Noel Clark, Jason Gray, Tom Lubensky, Chuck Rogers, Leo Radzihovsky, and Hideo Takezoe for discussions. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 13 BP 6304 EP 6312 DI 10.1039/c1sm05170a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 780RP UT WOS:000291876600046 ER PT J AU Nagao, M Chawang, S Hawa, T AF Nagao, Michihiro Chawang, Sukhum Hawa, Takumi TI Interlayer distance dependence of thickness fluctuations in a swollen lamellar phase SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; BLACK LIPID-MEMBRANES; COARSE-GRAINED MODEL; DROPLET MICROEMULSIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BENDING MODULI; BILAYER; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; SIMULATIONS AB Thickness fluctuations in a swollen lamellar structure, composed of a non-ionic surfactant, water and oil have been characterized by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE) experiments, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation. The static and dynamic structures of the membranes are measured as a function of the interlayer distance (membrane thickness), d(m). The oil to surfactant volume ratio is changed at a constant surfactant volume fraction, so that d(m) is changed while maintaining the inter-lamellar repeat distance constant in the experiments. Two relaxation modes are observed from the NSE data, which are the bending motion and the thickness fluctuations. The bending rigidity of the membranes is a function of the membrane thickness. At low d(m) the membranes become rigid due to the enhancement of the thickness fluctuations, while at large d(m) the membranes tend to be flexible because of the decrease in the synchronization between the two interface layers. The thickness fluctuations are measured by NSE as an excess dynamics from the bending motion around the length scales of the membrane thickness, and a similar excess dynamics is observed in the CGMD simulation. Moreover, a method to estimate the thickness fluctuation amplitude in the experiment is proposed, and the validity of the method is verified by the simulation. An excellent agreement between the experiments and the simulations shows that the amplitude is about 12% of the membrane thickness and almost linearly increases with d(m). The present result shows the importance of the intra-membrane dynamics to determine the elastic properties of membranes, and the feasibility of the measurement of thickness fluctuations in surfactant membranes using NSE experiments and MD simulations. C1 [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Chawang, Sukhum; Hawa, Takumi] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Nagao, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mnagao@indiana.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX MN acknowledges Drs P. Butler and S.R. Kline for their help to perform SANS experiment and Prof. H. Seto, Drs A. Faraone and D. Neumann for many helpful discussion. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 14 BP 6598 EP 6605 DI 10.1039/c1sm05477e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 795PG UT WOS:000292985500031 ER PT J AU Srebnik, S Douglas, JF AF Srebnik, Simcha Douglas, Jack F. TI Self-assembly of charged particles on nanotubes and the emergence of particle rings, chains, ribbons and chiral sheets SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; LATTICE MODEL; S-LAYERS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS; CLUSTERS; DNA; NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; MOLECULES AB A diverse range of supramolecular assembly processes arise from the competition between directional and isotropic intermolecular interactions. Directional interactions often have a charge origin or form local patchy interactions associated with a chemically heterogeneous particle surface, hydrogen bonding, pi-pi interactions and metal-ligand group complexation, or alternatively, interaction anisotropy can arise geometrically from the shape of the assembling particles or the presence of a curved surface on which the self-assembly occurs. In the present work, we focus on the nature of the self-assembly of spherical charged particles with competing van der Waals interactions bound to cylindrical surfaces, a system inspired by the self-assembly patterns found in kinesin-13 and dynamin proteins on microtubules and the self-assembled layers of DNA that organize about single wall carbon nanotubes. As in bulk fluids, we find a general tendency of positive and negative ions to form dipoles and other low energy multipolar clusters having a vanishing net charge whose directional interactions give rise to the self-assembly of ribbon and chain structures at low particle concentrations and chiral sheet structures at high particle concentrations. These chiral patterns are characterized by rectangular and hexagonal local packing symmetries, respectively, when the charge or van der Waals interactions are predominant. The chirality of these patterns is induced from a competition between the scales of the particle size and the diameter of the cylinder on which they are confined. Interesting defective layers of particles involving sheet perforations are seen when the van der Waals and charge interactions compete strongly so that no single morphology then predominates. The self-assembly of the charged particles into chains and sheets at low particle concentrations exhibits 'reentrancy', meaning that the extent of particle ordering into extended structures varies non-monotonically with temperature, as has been observed in a number of experimental systems. A transition from a ribbon to string morphology is also observed as the mass of the self-assembled particle clusters exceeds a critical mass. C1 [Srebnik, Simcha] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srebnik, S (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM simchas@tx.technion.ac.il; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 15 BP 6897 EP 6905 DI 10.1039/c1sm05168g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 795LX UT WOS:000292976800021 ER PT J AU Kelley, EG Smart, TP Jackson, AJ Sullivan, MO Epps, TH AF Kelley, Elizabeth G. Smart, Thomas P. Jackson, Andrew J. Sullivan, Millicent O. Epps, Thomas H., III TI Structural changes in block copolymer micelles induced by cosolvent mixtures SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CORONA MICELLES; SURFACE-TENSION; SCATTERING; WATER AB We investigated the influence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) addition on the structure of poly(1,2-butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) [PB-PEO] micelles in aqueous solution. Our studies showed that while the micelles remained starlike, the micelle core-corona interfacial tension and micelle size decreased upon THF addition. The detailed effects of the reduction in interfacial tension were probed using contrast variations in small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. At low THF contents (high interfacial tensions), the SANS data were fit to a micelle form factor that incorporated a radial density distribution of corona chains to account for the starlike micelle profile. However, at higher THF contents (low interfacial tensions), the presence of free chains in solution affected the scattering at high q and required the implementation of a linear combination of micelle and Gaussian coil form factors. These SANS data fits indicated that the reduction in interfacial tension led to broadening of the core-corona interface, which increased the PB chain solvent accessibility at intermediate THF solvent fractions. We also noted that the micelle cores swelled with increasing THF addition, suggesting that previous assumptions of the micelle core solvent content in cosolvent mixtures may not be accurate. Control over the size, corona thickness, and extent of solvent accessible PB in these micelles can be a powerful tool in the development of targeting delivery vehicles. C1 [Kelley, Elizabeth G.; Smart, Thomas P.; Jackson, Andrew J.; Sullivan, Millicent O.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Jackson, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM thepps@udel.edu RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012; Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Sullivan, Millicent/D-1568-2012 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Sullivan, Millicent/0000-0002-4787-7534 FU NIH-NCRR COBRE [P20RR017716]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178]; DoD NDSEG; DoE, Office of Science, BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF CRIF: MU CEH [0840401] FX This work was supported by NIH-NCRR COBRE (#P20RR017716) and NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce (#70NANB7H6178). The statements herein do not reflect the views of NIH. E.G.K. was supported by a DoD NDSEG Fellowship. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, suppliers and software are identified in the paper to aid understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. SAXS data were collected at the DND-CAT, Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company, and the State of Illinois. Use of the APS was supported by the DoE, Office of Science, BES (#DE-AC02-06CH11357). 1H NMR spectra were collected on instrumentation supported by NSF CRIF: MU CEH 0840401. We acknowledge the Keck Microscopy Facility for use of their TEM and Vitrobot, and the Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics for use of their DLS. We thank Dr Y. Liu, Dr P. Butler, and Dr J. Seppala for helpful SANS discussions. We also thank Prof. J. O'Donnell for assistance with polymer characterization, Ms. J. Albert for assistance with contact angle measurements, and Ms. C. Marino for contributions to data collection. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 15 BP 7094 EP 7102 DI 10.1039/c1sm05506b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 795LX UT WOS:000292976800044 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, K Scott, JHJ Rajauria, S Chinn, J Chinn, AM Jones, W AF Rykaczewski, Konrad Scott, John Henry J. Rajauria, Sukumar Chinn, Jeff Chinn, Amy M. Jones, Wanda TI Three dimensional aspects of droplet coalescence during dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID WATER CONDENSATION; ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; LOTUS LEAF AB We report formation of nano-to-microscale satellite droplets in the geometrical shadow of high contact angle primary drops during dropwise water condensation on a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface (SHS). The primary drops contribute to the heat transfer process by sweeping up satellite droplets without covering their nucleation site and thus allow for rapid condensation of multiple droplets from the same site. C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Scott, John Henry J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rajauria, Sukumar] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rajauria, Sukumar] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chinn, Jeff; Chinn, Amy M.; Jones, Wanda] Integrated Surface Technol Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM konrad.rykaczewki@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU National Science Foundation [IIP-1026571] FX This research was performed while K. Rykaczewski held a National Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA) Research Associateship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. Support for this work by Integrated Surface Technologies was provided in part by the National Science Foundation under grant IIP-1026571. NR 45 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 56 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 19 BP 8749 EP 8752 DI 10.1039/c1sm06219k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 822YE UT WOS:000295085700008 ER PT J AU Kim, S Douglas, JF Soles, CL Karim, A Briber, RM AF Kim, Sangcheol Douglas, Jack F. Soles, Christopher L. Karim, Alamgir Briber, R. M. TI Using block copolymer self-assembly to imprint the crystallization of polymer dendrites SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; INTERFACIAL ENERGIES; SURFACE; NANOSTRUCTURES; MINERALIZATION; MORPHOLOGIES; MICRODOMAINS; TRANSITION; MONOLAYERS AB We utilize the self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer (BCP) films to create templates for dendritic polymer crystallization patterns. This templating was achieved by simply spin-casting thin films from a solution containing both the BCP [polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO)] and a homopolymer (polyethylene oxide) under controlled vapor atmosphere conditions, without the need for any additional processing (e. g. solvent or thermal annealing). The BCP first organized into a hexagonal array of vertically oriented PEO cylinders that served to template dendritic PEO homopolymer crystals on the surface of the BCP pattern. No surface defects such as dewetting holes or macroscopically phase-separated domains were observed on top of the BCP film. We find that the PEO dendrites crystallized on this BCP template exhibit a periodic height undulation pattern on their surface. The undulation pattern directly reflects the hexagonal pattern symmetry and associated height undulations of the BCP underneath these crystals. The formation of this hierarchically organized polymer crystallization morphology illustrates how one self-assembly can be used as a template to control the organization of another self-assembly process-a fabrication strategy of potentially great significance in the programming of complex structures using self-assembly. C1 [Kim, Sangcheol; Douglas, Jack F.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sangcheol.kim@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 19 BP 8969 EP 8976 DI 10.1039/c1sm05768e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 822YE UT WOS:000295085700037 ER PT J AU Simmons, DS Douglas, JF AF Simmons, David S. Douglas, Jack F. TI Nature and interrelations of fast dynamic properties in a coarse-grained glass-forming polymer melt SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; STORAGE STABILITY; INTERNAL DYNAMICS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; LIQUIDS; RELAXATION; SCATTERING; PROTEINS; BEHAVIOR AB Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of glass-forming liquids on fast picosecond timescales are directly relevant to developing effective formulations for protein drug preservation. In these systems, short-time dynamic properties, including the Debye-Waller factor, non-ergodicity parameter, and the 'fast beta' relaxation time, are 'tuned' by the addition of antiplasticizer additives, with associated improvements in protein preservation. We employ molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained polymer melt with and without the addition of an antiplasticizer additive to characterize how these fast dynamic properties interrelate and how they are altered by the addition of antiplasticizer additives. We find that the Gaussian approximation for the van Hove correlation function holds to an excellent approximation at short times, facilitating the establishment of precise interrelations between these properties and the characterization of their temperature and composition dependence. Following previous studies, we first fit the fast relaxation process to an empirical 'stretched Gaussian' form (exp[-(t/tau)(beta)] with 1 < beta < 2) and find that beta equals 3/2 over a wide range of temperature for the post-inertial relaxation process. We then consider a more theoretically motivated description of fast beta relaxation inspired by an earlier model for the relaxation of a fractal network of elastic clusters in glass-forming colloids, and we find that this description provides an excellent fit to the entire short time relaxation over a large range of temperatures with physically meaningful parameters. Finally, we show that it is possible to tune the fast beta relaxation process with antiplasticizer additives, resulting in effects that rationally enhance protein preservation in glassy sugar matrices. C1 [Simmons, David S.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmons, DS (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Simmons.DavidS@gmail.com; Jack.Douglas@nist.gov OI Simmons, David/0000-0002-1436-9269 FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Research Council National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to acknowledge Marcus Cicerone for valuable conversations and feedback. The authors thank Francis Starr for the idea of fitting the fast relaxation of Fs(q,t) to a stretched Gaussian. This work was funded in part under NIH/NIBIB Grant R01 EB006398-01A1. DSS acknowledges funding from a National Research Council National Institute of Standards and Technology Postdoctoral Research Associateship. NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2011 VL 7 IS 22 BP 11010 EP 11020 DI 10.1039/c1sm06189e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 839SA UT WOS:000296388300065 ER PT S AU Gautam, S Alvarez, F Arbe, A Tyagi, M Frick, B Colmenero, J AF Gautam, S. Alvarez, F. Arbe, A. Tyagi, M. Frick, B. Colmenero, J. BE Garg, AB Mittal, R Mukhopadhyay, R TI Dynamical Properties of Plasticizer in Polyvinyl Acetate SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Symposium on DAE Solid State Physics (SSPS) CY DEC 26-30, 2010 CL Manipal Univ, Manipal, INDIA SP Govt India, Dept Atom Energy (DAE), Board Res Nucl Sci (BRNS) HO Manipal Univ DE Polymers; Neutron Scattering; MD Simulation AB Dynamical properties of polymers in a blend are known to exhibit unusual features. For example, dynamic heterogeneities can be observed in a blend with asymmetries in the composition or the glass transition temperature of the blend components. The relaxation functions corresponding to the individual components in such a blend are also known to be broadened. If the asymmetry is large, even confinement like features can be observed. A similar situation could arise in an asymmetric system consisting of a polymer and a low molecular weight system (a plasticizer). Here we report the structural and dynamical properties of a system with 75% PVAc/25% trimer (Polyvinyl acetate and its trimer), a system with high T-g asymmetry (T-g(PVAc) = 314 K, T-g (Trimer) = 209 K, T-g(Average) = 259 K). C1 [Gautam, S.; Arbe, A.; Colmenero, J.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Alvarez, F.; Arbe, A.; Colmenero, J.] CSIC, UPV EHU, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Alvarez, F.; Colmenero, J.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frick, B.] Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble 9, France. RP Gautam, S (reprint author), Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. EM sckgauts@ehu.es RI Gautam, Siddharth/F-5835-2014; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Arbe, Arantxa/G-8178-2015; Colmenero, Juan/G-8725-2015; Alvarez, Fernando/G-8836-2015; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012 OI Gautam, Siddharth/0000-0003-1443-5382; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Arbe, Arantxa/0000-0002-5137-4649; Colmenero, Juan/0000-0002-2440-4953; Alvarez, Fernando/0000-0002-7038-0315; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0905-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1349 BP 583 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3605993 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZT87 UT WOS:000302939900271 ER PT S AU Small, C Elvidge, CD AF Small, Christopher Elvidge, Christopher D. BE Stein, A Pebesma, E Heuvelink, G TI Mapping Decadal Change in Anthropogenic Night Light SO SPATIAL STATISTICS 2011: MAPPING GLOBAL CHANGE SE Procedia Environmental Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Spatial Statistics - Mapping Global Change CY MAR 23-25, 2011 CL Enschede, NETHERLANDS SP Twente Univ, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat (ITC), Wageningen Univ, Univ Muenster DE night light; urban; development; EOF analysis; PCA; Zipf; spatial network; fractal; percolation AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970's. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years [1]. The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of human settlement growth and evolution. We use temporal Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOFs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic temporal trends and stochastic year to year variance. The low order EOFs and Principal Components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are visible in tri-temporal brightness composites -as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution imagery reveals multiple phases of urban growth in several cities, numerous instances of highway construction, extensive terracing networks and hydroelectric dam construction [3]. Lights also allow us to quantify the size distribution and connectedness of different intensities of development. Over a wide range of brightnesses, size distributions of spatially contiguous lighted area are well-fit by power laws with exponents near -1 as predicted by Zipf's Law. However, the larger lighted segments are much larger than individual cities; they correspond to vast spatial networks of contiguous development.[2] (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Spatial Statistics 2011 C1 [Small, Christopher] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Small, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM small@LDEO.columbia.edu RI Stein, Alfred/D-4731-2009 OI Stein, Alfred/0000-0002-9456-1233 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1878-0296 J9 PROCEDIA ENVIRON SCI PY 2011 VL 7 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.07.061 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDA11 UT WOS:000312269400061 ER PT B AU Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L AF Czichos, Horst Saito, Tetsuya Smith, Leslie BE Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L TI Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing Preface to the 2nd Edition SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Czichos, Horst] Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Saito, Tetsuya] NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Smith, Leslie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Czichos, H (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM horst.czichos@t-online.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2 PY 2011 BP V EP V D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BG0WX UT WOS:000386558400001 ER PT B AU Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L AF Czichos, Horst Saito, Tetsuya Smith, Leslie BE Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L TI Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing Preface to the 1st Edition SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Czichos, Horst] Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Saito, Tetsuya] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Smith, Leslie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Czichos, H (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM horst.czichos@t-online.de NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2 PY 2011 BP VII EP VII D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BG0WX UT WOS:000386558400002 ER PT B AU May, WE Cavanagh, RR Turk, GC Winchester, M Travis, J Smith, MV DeRose, P Choquette, SJ Kramer, GW Sieber, JR Greenberg, RR Lindstrom, R Lamaze, G Zeisler, R Schantz, M Sander, L Phinney, KW Welch, M Vetter, T Pratt, KW Scott, JHJ Small, J Wight, S Stranick, SJ Matschat, R Reich, P AF May, Willie E. Cavanagh, Richard R. Turk, Gregory C. Winchester, Michael Travis, John Smith, Melody V. DeRose, Paul Choquette, Steven J. Kramer, Gary W. Sieber, John R. Greenberg, Robert R. Lindstrom, Richard Lamaze, George Zeisler, Rolf Schantz, Michele Sander, Lane Phinney, Karen W. Welch, Michael Vetter, Thomas Pratt, Kenneth W. Scott, John H. J. Small, John Wight, Scott Stranick, Stephan J. Matschat, Ralf Reich, Peter BE Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L TI Analytical Chemistry SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DISCHARGE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; PROBE MICROANALYZER; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS; PLASMA; TRACE; ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTIFICATION AB Measurements of the chemical compositions of materials and the levels of certain substances in them are vital when assessing and improving public health, safety and the environment, are necessary to ensure trade equity, and are required when monitoring and improving industrial products and services. Chemical measurements play a crucial role in most areas of the economy, including healthcare, food and nutrition, agriculture, environmental technologies, chemicals and materials, instrumentation, electronics, forensics, energy, and transportation. This chapter presents a broad overview of the analytical techniques that can be used to perform the higher order chemical characterization of materials. Techniques covered include mass spectrometry, molecular spectrometry, atomic spectrometry, nuclear analytical methods, chromatographic methods and classical chemical methods. For each technique, information is provided on the principle(s) of operation, the scope of the technique, the nature of the sample that can be used, qualitative analysis, traceable quantitative analysis, and key references. Examples of representative data are provided for each technique, where possible. C1 [May, Willie E.; Sieber, John R.] NIST, CSTL, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8300, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cavanagh, Richard R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Turk, Gregory C.; Winchester, Michael; Travis, John; Greenberg, Robert R.; Lindstrom, Richard; Lamaze, George; Zeisler, Rolf; Schantz, Michele; Phinney, Karen W.; Vetter, Thomas; Pratt, Kenneth W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Melody V.] NIST, Biospect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeRose, Paul; Choquette, Steven J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Biospect Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sander, Lane] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Welch, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scott, John H. J.; Small, John; Wight, Scott] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Dept Commerce, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP May, WE (reprint author), NIST, CSTL, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8300, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM willie.may@nist.gov; richard.cavanagh@nist.gov; turk@nist.gov; mrw@nist.gov; john.travis@nist.gov; melody.smith@nist.gov; paul.derose@nist.gov; steven.choquette@nist.gov; gary.kramer@nist.gov; john.sieber@nist.gov; robert.greenberg@nist.gov; richard.lindstrom@nist.gov; george.lamaze@nist.gov; rolf.zeisler@nist.gov; michele.schantz@nist.gov; lane.sander@nist.gov; karen.phinney@nist.gov; michael.welch@nist.gov; thomas.vetter@nist.gov; kenneth.pratt@nist.gov; johnhenry.scott@nist.gov; john.small@nist.gov; scott.wight@nist.gov; stranick@nist.gov; ralf.matschat43@web.de; peterreichberlin@email.de NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2 PY 2011 BP 145 EP 203 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9 PG 59 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BG0WX UT WOS:000386558400006 ER PT B AU Wiederhorn, SM Fields, RJ Low, S Bahng, GW Wehrstedt, A Hahn, J Tomota, Y Miyata, T Lin, HQ Freeman, BD Aihara, S Hagihara, Y Tagawa, T AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Fields, Richard J. Low, Samuel Bahng, Gun-Woong Wehrstedt, Alois Hahn, Junhee Tomota, Yo Miyata, Takashi Lin, Haiqing Freeman, Benny D. Aihara, Shuji Hagihara, Yukito Tagawa, Tetsuya BE Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L TI Mechanical Properties SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KINETIC GRAVIMETRIC SORPTION; MIXED-GAS SORPTION; YOUNGS MODULUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); HARDENING MATERIAL; POLYMERS; DIFFUSION AB Materials used in engineering applications as structural components are subject to loads, defined by the application purpose. The mechanical properties of materials characterize the response of a material to loading. The mechanical loading action on materials in engineering applications may be static or dynamic and can basically be categorized as tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion. In addition, thermomechanical loading effects can occur (Chap. 8). There may also be gas loads from the environment, leading to gas/materials interactions (Chap. 6) and to transport phenomena such as permeation and diffusion. The mechanical loading action and the corresponding response of materials can be illustrated by the well-known stress-strain curve (for definition see Sect. 7.1.2). Its different regimes and characteristic data points characterize the mechanical behavior of materials treated in this chapter in terms of elasticity (Sect. 7.1), plasticity (Sect. 7.2), hardness (Sect. 7.3), strength (Sect. 7.4), and fracture (Sect. 7.5). Methods for the determination of permeation and diffusion are compiled in Sect. 7.6. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.; Fields, Richard J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Low, Samuel] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bahng, Gun-Woong] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Chem & Mat Metrol, Daejeon 305600, South Korea. [Wehrstedt, Alois] DIN, Normenausschuss Mat Prufung NMP, D-10787 Berlin, Germany. [Hahn, Junhee] KRISS, Div Ind Metrol, Daejeon 305340, South Korea. [Tomota, Yo] Ibaraki Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Fac Engn, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan. [Miyata, Takashi; Tagawa, Tetsuya] Nagoya Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Lin, Haiqing] Membrane Technol & Res Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Freeman, Benny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Aihara, Shuji] Nippon Steel Corp Ltd, Steel Res Labs, Chiba 2938511, Japan. [Hagihara, Yukito] Sophia Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Engn & Appl Sci, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028554, Japan. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov; richard.fields@nist.gov; samuel.low@nist.gov; gwbahng@kriss.re.kr; alois.wehrstedt@din.de; juny@kriss.re.kr; tomota@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; miyata@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Haiqing.lin@mtrinc.com; freeman@che.utexas.edu; s-aihara@re.nsc.co.jp; hagihara@me.sophia.ac.jp; tagawa@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 323 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2 PY 2011 BP 339 EP 452 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9 PG 114 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BG0WX UT WOS:000386558400009 ER PT B AU Schumacher, B Bach, HG Spitzer, P Obrzut, J Seitz, S AF Schumacher, Bernd Bach, Heinz-Gunter Spitzer, Petra Obrzut, Jan Seitz, Steffen BE Czichos, H Saito, T Smith, L TI Electrical Properties SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; STANDARD KCL SOLUTIONS; ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY; ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION; ALTERNATING-CURRENT; OHMIC CONTACTS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURES AB Electronic materials - conductors, insulators, semiconductors - play an important role in today's technology. They constitute electrical and electronic devices, such as radio, television, telephone, electric light, electromotors, computers, etc. From a materials science point of view, the electrical properties of materials characterize two basic processes: electrical energy conduction (and dissipation) and electrical energy storage. Electrical conductivity describes the ability of a material to transport charge through the process of conduction, normalized by geometry. Electrical dissipation comes as the result of charge transport or conduction. Dissipation or energy loss results from the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy (Joule heating) through momentum transfer during collisions as the charges move. Electrical storage is the result of charge storing energy. This process is dielectric polarization, normalized by geometry to be the material property called dielectric permittivity. As polarization occurs and causes charges to move, the charge motion is also dissipative. In this chapter, the main methods to characterize the electrical properties of materials are compiled. Sections 9.2 to 9.5 describe the measuring methods under the following headings Electrical conductivity of metallic materials Electrolytical conductivity Semiconductors Dielectrics. As an introductory overview, in Sect. 9.1 the basic categories of electrical materials are outlined in adopting the classification and terminology of the chapter Electronic Properties of Materials of Understanding Materials Science by Hummel [9.1]. C1 [Schumacher, Bernd] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept DC & Low Frequency 2 1, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Bach, Heinz-Gunter] Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH, Components Integrat Technol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Spitzer, Petra; Seitz, Steffen] PTB, Dept Metrol Chem 3 13, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schumacher, B (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept DC & Low Frequency 2 1, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM bernd.schumacher@ptb.de; Heinz-Gunter.Bach@hhi.fraunhofer.de; petra.spitzer@ptb.de; jan.obrzut@nist.gov; steffen.seitz@ptb.de NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2 PY 2011 BP 485 EP 540 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9 PG 56 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BG0WX UT WOS:000386558400011 ER PT B AU Montzka, SA AF Montzka, Stephen A. BE Muller, R TI Source Gases that Affect Stratospheric Ozone SO STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION AND CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; POLAR FIRN AIR; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; NITROUS-OXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTARCTIC OZONE; ICE CORES; CHLORINE C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Montzka, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 127 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84973-002-0; 978-1-84973-318-2 PY 2011 BP 33 EP 77 DI 10.1039/9781849733182-00033 D2 10.1039/9781849733182 PG 45 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA0XL UT WOS:000332344700004 ER PT S AU Cui, YT Dusterhoff, SR Wooster, JK Downs, PW AF Cui, Yantao Dusterhoff, Scott R. Wooster, John K. Downs, Peter W. BE Simon, A Bennett, SJ Castro, JM TI Practical Considerations for Modeling Sediment Transport Dynamics in Rivers SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES, ANALYSES, AND TOOLS SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; EVOLUTION; PULSES; DREAM AB Sediment transport dynamics are some of the most important aspects to consider in river restoration and management projects. Restoring a river usually involves the manipulation of its flow conditions, channel cross sections, channel alignment, sediment supply, bed material composition, and riparian conditions, all of which directly or indirectly affect sediment transport dynamics. Because a river will be reshaped through sediment transport process following restoration, a lack of or an inadequate consideration of postrestoration sediment transport dynamics may result in poor performance or failure of the project. Here we discuss some practical considerations in sediment transport modeling as a guide for resource managers overseeing river restoration projects as well as sediment transport practitioners. The discussion is not intended as a "how to" guide or a thorough review of the scientific literature pertaining to sediment transport. Instead, the project examples discussed herein are intended to illustrate some of the lessons learned from our experiences in conducting sediment transport analyses for applied projects. The examples are not necessarily river restoration projects, but the practical considerations discussed should generally apply to any sediment transport analysis, including those for river restoration projects. C1 [Cui, Yantao; Dusterhoff, Scott R.] Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. [Wooster, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Downs, Peter W.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2011 VL 194 BP 503 EP 527 DI 10.1029/2010GM001008 D2 10.1029/GM194 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA BA5PW UT WOS:000336929500028 ER PT S AU Ripley, EM Li, CS Moore, CH Elswick, ER Maynard, JB Paul, RL Sylvester, P Seo, JH Shimizu, N AF Ripley, Edward M. Li, Chusi Moore, Craig H. Elswick, Erika R. Maynard, J. Barry Paul, Rick L. Sylvester, Paul Seo, Jun Hun Shimizu, Nobomichi BE Behrens, H Webster, JD TI Analytical Methods for Sulfur Determination in Glasses, Rocks, Minerals and Fluid Inclusions SO SULFUR IN MAGMAS AND MELTS: ITS IMPORTANCE FOR NATURAL AND TECHNICAL PROCESSES SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry LA English DT Review CT Short Course on Sulfur in Magmas and Melts and its Importance for Natural and Technical Processes CY AUG 21-23, 2011 CL Gosler, GERMANY SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; ABLATION ICP-MS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; LASER-ABLATION; MELT INCLUSIONS; SILICATE MELTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SULFIDE SATURATION C1 [Ripley, Edward M.; Li, Chusi; Moore, Craig H.; Elswick, Erika R.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Maynard, J. Barry] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sylvester, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Sylvester, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Inco Innovat Ctr, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada. [Seo, Jun Hun] ETH, Inst Geochem & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Shimizu, Nobomichi] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Ripley, EM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM ripley@indiana.edu RI Li, Chusi/E-5592-2011; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015 OI Li, Chusi/0000-0002-0426-8157; NR 111 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 1529-6466 BN 978-0-939950-87-4 J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem. PY 2011 VL 73 BP 9 EP 39 DI 10.2138/rmg.2011.73.2 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA BWS75 UT WOS:000294741600002 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Li, XF AF Shen, Xinyong Li, Xiaofan BE MorenoPirajan, JC TI Thermodynamic Aspects of Precipitation Efficiency SO THERMODYNAMICS - INTERACTION STUDIES - SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; CLOUD-RADIATION INTERACTION; SUMMER HEAVY RAINFALL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ICE MICROPHYSICS; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS C1 [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-563-1 PY 2011 BP 73 EP 94 D2 10.5772/823 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BF0GZ UT WOS:000378839400004 ER PT J AU Muha, N Ramsdell, JS AF Muha, Noah Ramsdell, John S. TI Domoic acid induced seizures progress to a chronic state of epilepsy in rats SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; Amnesic shellfish poison; Epilepsy; Kainic acid; Sea lion ID MONKEYS MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SEA LIONS; NEUROTOXICITY; INTOXICATION; MICE AB The emergence of an epilepsy syndrome in sea lions poisoned by domoic acid (DA) draws striking parallels to the single case study of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that developed in an 84 yr old man one year after being poisoned by DA. To establish a basis for understanding this disease in sea lions and humans that appears to progress from DA poisoning, we have investigated the potential for a single incident of DA poisoning in rats to progress to spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), the hallmark of epilepsy. We have developed a DA administration protocol to induce a nonlethal status epilepticus (SE) and monitored the animals for SRS by 6 h/week of video recording. We demonstrate that a single episode of SE leads to SRS in 94% of rats (n = 23) in 6 months. These findings indicate that DA induced SE can efficiently translate to epileptic disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Muha, Noah; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service (NOAA/NOS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service (NOAA/NOS). The National Ocean Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be made to NOS, or to this publication furnished by NOS, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOS approves, recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein or which has as its purpose any intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of NOS publication. The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.; This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 2011 VL 57 IS 1 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.07.018 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 716TV UT WOS:000286997300021 PM 20688097 ER PT J AU Lindley, ST Erickson, DL Moser, ML Williams, G Langness, OP McCovey, BW Belchik, M Vogel, D Pinnix, W Kelly, JT Heublein, JC Klimley, AP AF Lindley, Steven T. Erickson, Daniel L. Moser, Mary L. Williams, Greg Langness, Olaf P. McCovey, Barry W., Jr. Belchik, Michael Vogel, Dave Pinnix, William Kelly, John T. Heublein, Joseph C. Klimley, A. Peter TI Electronic Tagging of Green Sturgeon Reveals Population Structure and Movement among Estuaries SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST ESTUARIES; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; CORAL-REEF FISH; ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; ROGUE RIVER; CONNECTIVITY; MIGRATIONS; STOCK AB Green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris spend much of their lives outside of their natal rivers, but the details of their migrations and habitat use are poorly known, which limits our understanding of how this species might be affected by human activities and habitat degradation. We tagged 355 green sturgeon with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds and in known nonspawning aggregation sites and examined their movement among these sites and other potentially important locations using automated data-logging hydrophones. We found that green sturgeon inhabit a number of estuarine and coastal sites over the summer, including the Columbia River estuary, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, and the estuaries of certain smaller rivers in Oregon, especially the Umpqua River estuary. Green sturgeon from different natal rivers exhibited different patterns of habitat use; most notably, San Francisco Bay was used only by Sacramento River fish, while the Umpqua River estuary was used mostly by fish from the Klamath and Rogue rivers. Earlier work, based on analysis of microsatellite markers, suggested that the Columbia River mixed stock was mainly composed of fish from the Sacramento River, but our results indicate that fish from the Rogue and Klamath River populations frequently use the Columbia River as well. We also found evidence for the existence of migratory contingents within spawning populations. Our findings have significant implications for the management of the threatened Sacramento River population of green sturgeon, which migrates to inland waters outside of California where anthropogenic impacts, including fisheries bycatch and water pollution, may be a concern. Our results also illustrate the utility of acoustic tracking to elucidate the migratory behavior of animals that are otherwise difficult to observe. C1 [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Erickson, Daniel L.] Bronx Zoo, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Moser, Mary L.; Williams, Greg] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Langness, Olaf P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. [McCovey, Barry W., Jr.; Belchik, Michael] Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program, Weitchpec, CA 95546 USA. [Vogel, Dave] Nat Resource Scientists Inc, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA. [Pinnix, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Kelly, John T.; Heublein, Joseph C.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lindley, ST (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.lindley@noaa.gov RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU NOAA; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Wildlife Conservation Society; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; CALFED Science Program FX This research was supported by the NOAA-Fisheries Species of Concern Program (S. T. L. and M. L. M.), the Northwest Fisheries Science Center internal grants program, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (D. L. E.), and the CALFED Science Program (P. K., J.T., and J.H.). Numerous people helped in the field, including M. Howell, S. West, E. Evans, C. Black, B. Pickering, D. Farrer, and B. Cady (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife); J. Weber, B. Krohn, G. Ryden, and C. Barber (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife); K. Hanson and A. Keller (Wildlife Conservation Society); R. Whitlock (Imperial College, UK); M. Webb, K. Kapperman, J. Ogawa, and G. Stutzer (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service); S. Turo and R. Benson, (Yurok Tribal Fisheries); H. Fish, D. Rundio, A. Ammann, and J. Harding (NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center); and G. Holt and E. Danner (University of California at Santa Cruz). The Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commission (D. Hatch and R. Branstetter) and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (D. Hering) provided hydrophone data from the Columbia River estuary. K. Andrews (NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center) supplied detection data for Puget Sound. J. Power (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hatfield Marine Science Center) provided data from receivers in the Alsea River and Yaquina Bay. D. Rundio conducted the similarity profile analysis of the migration history dissimilarity matrix. S. X. Cadrin, E. Mora, C. Grimes, W. Perrin, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 108 EP 122 AR PII 934069975 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.557017 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100011 ER PT J AU Krueger, DM Rutherford, ES Mason, DM AF Krueger, Damon M. Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. TI Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a Lake Michigan Tributary SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PACIFIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; PREY FISH AB Predation mortality among Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr can act at small spatiotemporal scales and cause variability in parr survival and potential recruitment. We analyzed predator diets and multiplied per capita consumption rates by predator population estimates to evaluate the relative effect of predation by stocked sport fishes on the variability in survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River, Michigan, from 2004 to 2007. Brown trout Salmo trutta were a major predator of Chinook salmon parr, consuming from 15% to 34% of the total number available, while walleyes Sander vitreus consumed from 0.2% to 15%. Walleyes also consumed large quantities of brown trout and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Brown trout predation on Chinook salmon parr was largely dependent on parr size, while walleye predation was buffered by the availability of rainbow trout and brown trout. Predation mortality appeared to be responsible for a more than three-fold difference in the survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River. The vulnerability of Chinook salmon parr to predation appeared to be controlled by parr growth rates, brown trout stocking dates, and the number of brown trout stocked. Fishery regulations to manipulate piscivore abundance may lead to higher survival and lower variability in the survival of Chinook salmon parr. C1 [Krueger, Damon M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Krueger, Damon M.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Krueger, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM damonkr@msu.edu OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU School of Graduate Studies and the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan; Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2001.71]; Saginaw Bay Walleye Club; Trout Unlimited FX Funding for this study was provided by the School of Graduate Studies and the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2001.71), the Saginaw Bay Walleye Club, and Trout Unlimited. We thank Lori Ivan, Dan Ruberg, Dennis Donahue, Steve Pothoven, John Hanson, Christine (Diana) Crissman, Ember Vannoy, and James Roberts for their assistance in the field; James Diana and Deborah Goldberg for manuscript edits; and NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory for laboratory space. This is contribution number 2010-079 from the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 147 EP 163 AR PII 934552802 DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.556991 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100014 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Greene, CM Moran, P Teel, DJ Kuligowski, DR Reisenbichler, RR Beamer, EM Karr, JR Fresh, KL AF Rice, Casimir A. Greene, Correigh M. Moran, Paul Teel, David J. Kuligowski, David R. Reisenbichler, Reginald R. Beamer, Eric M. Karr, James R. Fresh, Kurt L. TI Abundance, Stock Origin, and Length of Marked and Unmarked Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Surface Waters of Greater Puget Sound SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PINK SALMON; HATCHERY PROGRAMS; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; KODIAK ISLAND; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER ESTUARY AB This study focuses on the use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of the rarely studied neritic environment (surface waters overlaying the sublittoral zone) in greater Puget Sound. Juvenile Chinook salmon inhabit the sound from their late estuarine residence and early marine transition to their first year at sea. We measured the density, origin, and size of marked (known hatchery) and unmarked (majority naturally spawned) juveniles by means of monthly surface trawls at six river mouth estuaries in Puget Sound and the areas in between. Juvenile Chinook salmon were present in all months sampled (April-November). Unmarked fish in the northern portion of the study area showed broader seasonal distributions of density than did either marked fish in all areas or unmarked fish in the central and southern portions of the sound. Despite these temporal differences, the densities of marked fish appeared to drive most of the total density estimates across space and time. Genetic analysis and coded wire tag data provided us with documented individuals from at least 16 source populations and indicated that movement patterns and apparent residence time were, in part, a function of natal location and time passed since the release of these fish from hatcheries. Unmarked fish tended to be smaller than marked fish and had broader length frequency distributions. The lengths of unmarked fish were negatively related to the density of both marked and unmarked Chinook salmon, but those of marked fish were not. These results indicate more extensive use of estuarine environments by wild than by hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon as well as differential use (e.g., rearing and migration) of various geographic regions of greater Puget Sound by juvenile Chinook salmon in general. In addition, the results for hatchery-generated timing, density, and length differences have implications for the biological interactions between hatchery and wild fish throughout Puget Sound. C1 [Rice, Casimir A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.; Moran, Paul; Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Reisenbichler, Reginald R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beamer, Eric M.] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. [Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM casimir.rice@noaa.gov FU Seattle City Light; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division of NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, for research vessels and field staff, and the U. S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, for field staff. Seattle City Light and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided supplemental funding. T. Beacham (CDFO) and S. Blankenship (WDFW) provided unpublished data for use in our genetic stock identification analysis. K. Sobocinski, G. Williams, and E. Casillas gave helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript; G. Pess, L. Johnson, T. Beechie, T. Collier, and four anonymous reviewers provided thorough and constructive reviews. K. Kloehn helped create the map and C. Stehr and W. Reichert assisted with the review process. NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 140 IS 1 BP 170 EP 189 AR PII 934547558 DI 10.1080/00028487.2010.550253 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 733RI UT WOS:000288280100016 ER PT J AU Stutzman, P Leigh, S Dolly, K AF Stutzman, Paul Leigh, Stefan Dolly, Kendall TI Heat of Hydration for Cement Statistical Modeling SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The heat of hydration of hydraulic cements depends on a complex set of phase dissolution and precipitation reactions following the addition of water. Heat of hydration is currently measured in one of two ways: acid dissolution of the raw cement and a hydrated cement after 7 days or isothermal calorimetry. In principle, the heat of hydration should be predictable from knowledge of the cement composition and perhaps some measure of the cement fineness or total: surface area. The improved mineralogical estimates provided by quantitative X-ray powder diffraction, together with improved statistical data exploration techniques that examine nonlinear combinations of candidate model constituents, were used to explore alternative predictive models for the 7-day heat of hydration. An exploratory tool, called "all possible alternating conditional expectations," was created by combining all possible subsets regression with alternating conditional expectation to judiciously select variables within an explanatory variable class and subsets of variables across explanatory variable classes exhibiting the highest potential predictive power for additive nonlinear models for 7-day heat of hydration. Although a single, strong model for 7-day heat of hydration did not emerge from analyses, general conclusions were drawn. Good-fitting models included a key structural mineralogical phase (Mite preferred); calcium sulfate phase (bassanite preferred); total fineness or surface area component (Blaine fineness preferred); and ferrite in conjunction with iron oxide, or aluminate, or cubic aluminate. C1 [Stutzman, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leigh, Stefan; Dolly, Kendall] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stutzman, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Stutz@nist.gov FU AASHTO FX This work was sponsored by AASHTO, in cooperation with FHWA, and was conducted through NCHRP, which is administered by TRB of the National Academies. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2240 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.3141/2240-01 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 880JG UT WOS:000299402800001 ER PT J AU Ferraris, C Azari, H AF Ferraris, Chiara Azari, Haleh TI New Approach to Calibrate the Mortar Flow Table SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The flow table is a standardized test that is widely used to qualify a mortar for compressive strength and air content. The flow table is also the only standard test to quantify the workability of a mortar. Therefore, the calibration of this device is paramount, and it is done today by preparing a reference material consisting of a mixture of silica powder and oil. The two materials are mixed; tests are performed with the use of the reference flow table located in the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory. This flow table is identical to commercial versions currently used, and the values obtained with this flow table are considered the reference values for calibrating flow tables in the United States. This is an empirical procedure and relies heavily on one device that could break or generate results that can drift over time. This study reviewed the manufacturing process of the reference material, provided historical data, and proposed a more scientifically based approach to develop an improved reference material. C1 [Ferraris, Chiara] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Azari, Haleh] AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Clarissa@nist.gov FU NCHRP FX The authors thank NCHRP for its financial support. The authors acknowledge the contributions of John Winpigler, who conducted most of the tests. Nicholas Franson and Mona Mohseni, two students at National Institute of Standards and Technology, also helped with a small portion of the research. CCRL staff prepared the silica powder used in this study and provided the historic notebooks. The authors thank Kenneth Snyder and Jeff Bullard of National Institute of Standards and Technology and Kejin Wang of Iowa State University for their review, which improved this paper. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2011 IS 2240 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.3141/2240-03 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 880JG UT WOS:000299402800003 ER PT B AU Borja, A Basset, A Bricker, S Dauvin, JC Elliott, M Harrison, T Marques, JC Weisberg, SB West, R AF Borja, A. Basset, A. Bricker, S. Dauvin, J-C Elliott, M. Harrison, T. Marques, J-C Weisberg, S. B. West, R. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Classifying Ecological Quality and Integrity of Estuaries SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 1: CLASSIFICATION OF ESTUARINE AND NEARSHORE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH-AFRICAN ESTUARIES; SPECIES-ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITY DEGRADATION INDEX; COUNTRY NORTHERN SPAIN; SOFT-BOTTOM BENTHOS; METRIC FISH INDEX; LONG-TERM CHANGES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COASTAL WATERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITION AB There is an increasing need in assessing ecological quality and integrity of estuaries and lagoons. This chapter shows the most recent efforts in assessing individual biological elements (from phytoplankton to fishes), together with the integrative tools developed in different geographical areas worldwide. However, reducing complex information from multiple ecosystem elements to a single color or value is a substantial challenge to marine scientists, and requires the integration of different disciplines (chemists, engineers, biologists, ecologists, physics, managers, etc.), to reach agreement on the final assignment of ecological status. Hence, in the near future, emphasis needs to be directed at understanding the complexities of estuarine system functioning rather than simplifying and scaling down the system into smaller components. C1 [Borja, A.] AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Spain. [Basset, A.] Univ Salento, Lecce, Italy. [Bricker, S.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dauvin, J-C] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France. [Elliott, M.] Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Harrison, T.] Northern Ireland Environm Agcy, Lisburn, North Ireland. [Marques, J-C] Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. [Weisberg, S. B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [West, R.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. RP Borja, A (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Spain. NR 268 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0; 978-0-12-374711-2 PY 2011 BP 125 EP 162 PG 38 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BA2LR UT WOS:000333648200008 ER PT B AU Pittman, SJ Connor, DW Radke, L Wright, DJ AF Pittman, S. J. Connor, D. W. Radke, L. Wright, D. J. BE Wolanski, E McLusky, D TI Application of Estuarine and Coastal Classifications in Marine Spatial Management SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 1: CLASSIFICATION OF ESTUARINE AND NEARSHORE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; BOUND HEAVY-METALS; MANGROVE FORESTS; PROTECTED AREAS; DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS; ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS AB Coastal and marine classifications, both spatially explicit in the form of maps and nonspatial representations of the environment, are critical to the effective implementation of management strategies such as marine spatial planning. This chapter provides a wide range of classifications and classified maps developed to simplify and communicate biological, physical, social, and economic patterns in support of enhanced management decision making. Examples are provided from around the world and span a range of spatial scales from global classifications to those for individual bays and estuaries. Limitations, future challenges, and priority management needs are discussed. C1 [Pittman, S. J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Connor, D. W.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough, Cambs, England. [Radke, L.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wright, D. J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 157 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-087885-0; 978-0-12-374711-2 PY 2011 BP 163 EP 205 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BA2LR UT WOS:000333648200009 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AJ Phillips, PJ Weimer, S Roark, DA Ayyad, J Barwick, R Dunlop, J AF O'Toole, Alice J. Phillips, P. Jonathon Weimer, Samuel Roark, Dana A. Ayyad, Julianne Barwick, Robert Dunlop, Joseph TI Recognizing people from dynamic and static faces and bodies: Dissecting identity with a fusion approach SO VISION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Face; Dynamic; Gait ID BIOLOGICAL MOTION; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; BODY; AREA; CORTEX; CUES; SEX AB The goal of this study was to evaluate human accuracy at identifying people from static and dynamic presentations of faces and bodies. Participants matched identity in pairs of videos depicting people in motion (walking or conversing) and in "best" static images extracted from the videos. The type of information presented to observers was varied to include the face and body, the face-only, and the body-only. Identification performance was best when people viewed the face and body in motion. There was an advantage for dynamic over static stimuli, but only for conditions that included the body. Control experiments with multiple-static images indicated that some of the motion advantages we obtained were due to seeing multiple images of the person, rather than to the motion, per se. To computationally assess the contribution of different types of information for identification, we fused the identity judgments from observers in different conditions using a statistical learning algorithm trained to optimize identification accuracy. This fusion achieved perfect performance. The condition weights that resulted suggest that static displays encourage reliance on the face for recognition, whereas dynamic displays seem to direct attention more equitably across the body and face. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Toole, Alice J.; Weimer, Samuel; Roark, Dana A.; Ayyad, Julianne; Barwick, Robert; Dunlop, Joseph] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011 FU Technical Support Working Group, US Dept. of Defense; US Federal Bureau of Investigation FX This work was supported by funding from the Technical Support Working Group, US Dept. of Defense, to A.J. O'Toole. P. Jontahon Phillips was supported, in part, by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation. NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-6989 J9 VISION RES JI Vision Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 51 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.035 PG 10 WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology GA 705RG UT WOS:000286155000010 PM 20969886 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Myers, L Swall, JL Noble, RT AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Myers, Luke Swall, Jenise L. Noble, Rachel T. TI Addressing uncertainty in fecal indicator bacteria dark inactivation rates SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Water quality modeling; Fecal contamination; Bayesian; MPN; Decay rate ID SOUTHERN BRITTANY FRANCE; PROBABLE NUMBER METHOD; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; SERIAL DILUTIONS; VILAINE BAY; WATER; MPN; TRANSPORT; COLIFORM; DENSITY AB Assessing the potential threat of fecal contamination in surface water often depends on model forecasts which assume that fecal indicator bacteria (FIB, a proxy for the concentration of pathogens found in fecal contamination from warm-blooded animals) are lost or removed from the water column at a certain rate (often referred to as an "inactivation" rate). In efforts to reduce human health risks in these water bodies, regulators enforce limits on easily-measured FIB concentrations, commonly reported as most probable number (MPN) and colony forming unit (CFU) values. Accurate assessment of the potential threat of fecal contamination, therefore, depends on propagating uncertainty surrounding "true" FIB concentrations into MPN and CFU values, inactivation rates, model forecasts, and management decisions. Here, we explore how empirical relationships between FIB inactivation rates and extrinsic factors might vary depending on how uncertainty in MPN values is expressed. Using water samples collected from the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) in eastern North Carolina, we compare Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus (ENT) dark inactivation rates derived from two statistical models of first-order loss; a conventional model employing ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression with MPN values, and a novel Bayesian model utilizing the pattern of positive wells in an IDEXX Quanti-Tray (R)/2000 test. While our results suggest that EC dark inactivation rates tend to decrease as initial EC concentrations decrease and that ENT dark inactivation rates are relatively consistent across different ENT concentrations, we find these relationships depend upon model selection and model calibration procedures. We also find that our proposed Bayesian model provides a more defensible approach to quantifying uncertainty in microbiological assessments of water quality than the conventional MPN-based model, and that our proposed model represents a new strategy for developing robust relationships between environmental factors and FIB inactivation rates, and for reducing uncertainty in water resource management decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Swall, Jenise L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Myers, Luke; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU North Carolina Division of Water Quality [EW05049]; United States Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and Development FX This study was partially funded by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (Contract No. EW05049). In addition, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1573. The authors thank Jim Wickham, Ibrahim Alameddine, James Christian, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 45 IS 2 BP 652 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.029 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 714EO UT WOS:000286790500024 PM 20843534 ER PT J AU Giovannozzi, AM Reipa, V Almeida, JL Cole, KD AF Giovannozzi, Andrea M. Reipa, Vytas Almeida, Jamie L. Cole, Kenneth D. TI Electrochemical inactivation of Bacillus spores in drinking water using a quaternary oxide electrode SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus thuringiensis; drinking water system; electrochemical; inactivation; spores AB Bacillus spores are resistant to disinfection methods and they represent a potential threat that requires improved methods to ensure water safety. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and B. anthracis Sterne (BA) spores were used to investigate the effectiveness of the electrochemical (EC) disinfection process. We tested the quaternary metal oxide (TiO2-Sb2O5-SnO2-RuO2) as the anode material in an EC cell for the inactivation of the spores. The presence of chloride ions at low concentrations was found to be critical for the effective inactivation of BT spores. Active chlorine was produced in-situ by anodic oxidation of chloride in the solutions. Local tap water used as a realistic test solution was found to contain average chloride concentrations of 1.2 mM. High concentrations of active chlorine were generated in the range of 0.35 to 0.5 mM (25 to 35 mg/L) to ensure that the high concentrations of spores were inactivated. We showed that the amount of active chlorine produced in the EC cell can be readily controlled by the operating conditions, including potential, flow rate and chloride content. Scanning electron images of the EC treated spores indicate damage to the outer membranes resulting in disruption and leakage of the spore contents. EC water disinfection processes using inexpensive electrode materials are a promising alternative as shown by inactivation of challenging biological threats such as Bacillus spores. C1 [Giovannozzi, Andrea M.; Reipa, Vytas; Almeida, Jamie L.; Cole, Kenneth D.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kenneth.cole@nist.gov OI GIOVANNOZZI, ANDREA MARIO/0000-0001-6646-5052 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1606-9749 J9 WATER SCI TECH-W SUP JI Water Sci. Technol.-Water Supply PY 2011 VL 11 IS 6 BP 719 EP 725 DI 10.2166/ws.2011.103 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA V33UJ UT WOS:000209043400010 ER PT J AU Thorne, PW Lanzante, JR Peterson, TC Seidel, DJ Shine, KP AF Thorne, Peter W. Lanzante, John R. Peterson, Thomas C. Seidel, Dian J. Shine, Keith P. TI Tropospheric temperature trends: history of an ongoing controversy SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Review ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; 63-STATION RADIOSONDE NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATIONS; TIME-SERIES; AIR-TEMPERATURE; MSU CHANNEL-2; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; GLOBAL CHANGE; UNEXPLAINED DISCONTINUITY AB Changes in atmospheric temperature have a particular importance in climate research because climate models consistently predict a distinctive vertical profile of trends. With increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, the surface and troposphere are consistently projected to warm, with an enhancement of that warming in the tropical upper troposphere. Hence, attempts to detect this distinct 'fingerprint' have been a focus for observational studies. The topic acquired heightened importance following the 1990 publication of an analysis of satellite data which challenged the reality of the projected tropospheric warming. This review documents the evolution over the last four decades of understanding of tropospheric temperature trends and their likely causes. Particular focus is given to the difficulty of producing homogenized datasets, with which to derive trends, from both radiosonde and satellite observing systems, because of the many systematic changes over time. The value of multiple independent analyses is demonstrated. Paralleling developments in observational datasets, increased computer power and improved understanding of climate forcing mechanisms have led to refined estimates of temperature trends from a wide range of climate models and a better understanding of internal variability. It is concluded that there is no reasonable evidence of a fundamental disagreement between tropospheric temperature trends from models and observations when uncertainties in both are treated comprehensively. (c) 2010 Crown copyright WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 66-88 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.80 C1 [Thorne, Peter W.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Thorne, Peter W.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Lanzante, John R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Shine, Keith P.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP Thorne, PW (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter, Devon, England. EM Peter.Thorne@noaa.gov RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU DECC [GA01101]; Defra [GA01101] FX We thank Antonio Garcia (ECMWF); Kevin Linklater, and Fiona Carroll (U.K. Met Office); Sara Veasey, Deb Misch, Debi Riddle, and Glenn Hyatt (NOAA NCDC); and Carl Mears (Remote Sensing Systems) for help with sourcing and adapting many of the figures used herein. Mara Sprain (NOAA NCDC, STG Inc.) collated and formatted the reference list. We thank the anonymous reviewers. As internal or informal reviewers, Jim Angell, Melissa Free, Jana Goldman, Tom Knutson, L. Myles, David Parker, and Ron Stouffer helped to sharpen the text and ensure the inclusion of relevant work. PWT was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101). NR 195 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1757-7780 EI 1757-7799 J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 2 IS 1 BP 66 EP 88 DI 10.1002/wcc.80 PG 23 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 778WG UT WOS:000291739500006 ER PT J AU Duthinh, D Simiu, E AF Duthinh, Dat Simiu, Emil BE Lerner, JC Boldes, U TI The Use of Wind Tunnel Measurements in Building Design SO WIND TUNNELS AND EXPERIMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DATABASE; SPEEDS; MODEL C1 [Duthinh, Dat; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-623-2 PY 2011 BP 281 EP 300 D2 10.5772/730 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF5PS UT WOS:000382482800014 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, Ramaswamy BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Ham, C Lace, N Lesso, W Zinn, CD TI Cloud Service Feature driven Security Policies for Virtualized Infrastructures SO WMSCI 2011: 15TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th World Multi-Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI 2011) CY JUL 19-22, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE Cloud computing; Infrastructure as a Service; Public cloud; Security Policy; Virtualization AB With the increasing maturity of various cloud service delivery models (Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)) and deployment models (Private, Community, Public, Hybrid), the security risk profile of each cloud service configuration is coming into focus. In this paper, we take up the example of a Public Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas) cloud provider who provides computing services through a data center with a virtualized infrastructure. In order to provide the needed security assurance for its IaaS cloud offering, the cloud provider needs to implement various security measures as part of the infrastructure configuration. A precursor to developing security measures is a comprehensive security policy. Now these policies are dependent upon the set of service features that the laaS cloud provider provides as part of its offering as well as internal administrative capabilities needed to support those features. The focus of this paper is to illustrate an approach for derivation of appropriate security policies based on the security goals of functions associated with internal administration capabilities and cloud service features. C1 [Chandramouli, Ramaswamy] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mouli@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-29-0 PY 2011 BP 166 EP 171 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG8OX UT WOS:000392561800030 ER PT S AU Dimiceli, VE Piltz, SF Amburn, SA AF Dimiceli, Vincent E. Piltz, Steven F. Amburn, Steven A. BE Ao, SI Douglas, C Grundfest, WS Burgstone, J TI Estimation of Black Globe Temperature for Calculation of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index SO WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, WCECS 2011, VOL II SE Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCECS 2011) CY OCT 19-21, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP Int Assoc Engn, IAENG, Soc Artificial Intelligence, IAENG, Soc Bioinformat, IAENG, Soc Comp Sci, IAENG, Soc Data Min, IAENG, Soc Elect Engn, IAENG, Soc HIV AIDS, IAENG, Soc Imag Engn, IAENG, Soc Ind Engn, IAENG, Soc Informat Syst Engn, IAENG, Soc Internet Comp & Web Serv, IAENG, Soc Mech Engn, IAENG, Soc Operat Res, IAENG, Soc Sci Comp, IAENG, Soc Software Engn, IAENG, Soc Wireless Networks DE black globe; heat stress; temperature measurement; wet bulb globe temperature AB The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index is used in industry, sports and other areas to indicate the heat stress level for humans and animals. One of the values needed to calculate the WBGT Index is the black globe temperature. The black globe temperature is measured using a Black Globe Temperature Sensor which includes a black globe with a thermometer inserted in the center. However, the Black Globe Temperature Sensor can be costly and many of these instruments may be needed to get measurements in many locations. The lead author has derived a formula to estimate the black globe temperature using readily available data collected by the National Weather Service (NWS). The formula was derived from a formula suggested by Kuehn [7], which was based on heat transfer theory. The resulting equation was a fourth degree polynomial in terms of the black globe temperature. It was determined that the black globe temperature can be very accurately approximated by taking a fourth degree polynomial in terms of the black globe temperature to create a linear approximation for black globe temperature. Some preliminary tests indicate accuracy within 0.5 degrees F. C1 [Dimiceli, Vincent E.] Oral Roberts Univ, Math, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA. [Piltz, Steven F.; Amburn, Steven A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. RP Dimiceli, VE (reprint author), Oral Roberts Univ, Math, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA. EM vdimiceli@oru.edu; steven.piltz@noaa.gov; steve.amburn@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG PI HONG KONG PA UNIT 1, 1-F, 37-39 HUNG TO ROAD, KWUN TONG, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2078-0958 BN 978-988-19251-7-6 J9 LECT NOTES ENG COMP PY 2011 BP 591 EP 599 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH0EI UT WOS:000394721600002 ER PT S AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. BE Ao, SI Gelman, L Hukins, DWL Hunter, A Korsunsky, AM TI Robust Cross-Layer Network Optimization for Diverse QoS Requirements: Work in Progress SO WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING, WCE 2011, VOL I SE Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2011) CY JUL 06-08, 2011 CL Imperial Coll, London, UNITED KINGDOM SP Int Assoc Engineers, IAENG, Soc Artificial Intelligence, IAENG, Soc Bioinformat, IAENG, Soc Computer Sci, IAENG, Soc Data Min, IAENG, Soc Elect Engn, IAENG, Soc Imagl Engn, IAENG, Soc Ind Engn, IAENG, Soc Informat Syst Engn, IAENG, Soc Internet Comput & Web Serv, IAENG, Soc Mech Engn, IAENG, Soc Operat Res, IAENG, Soc Sci Comput, IAENG, Soc Software Engn, IAENG, Soc Wireless Engn HO Imperial Coll DE cross-layer system optimization; quality of service; pricing ID MULTIACCESS FADING CHANNELS; CAPACITIES AB Conventional approach to cross-layer network optimization assumes elastic users adjusting their bandwidth requirements in response to the resource congestion prices. This assumption leads to Network Utility Maximization (NUM) framework with Lagrange multipliers associated with resource capacity constraints playing role of the congestion prices. However, often users can more naturally quantify their preferences in terms of the rate and high-level Quality of Service (QoS) requirements rather than networks level end-to-end bandwidth requirements. This paper suggests that replacing resource capacity constraints with constraints on the feasible QoS parameters may lead to cross-layer network optimization framework with elastic users adjusting their diverse QoS requirements directly in response to the QoS-sensitive prices. We illustrate the proposed framework on examples of end-to-end bandwidth allocation subject to the worst-case scenario and average end-to-end delay. C1 [Marbukh, V.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov FU NIST funding from the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative FX This work was supported by NIST funding from the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG PI HONG KONG PA UNIT 1, 1-F, 37-39 HUNG TO ROAD, KWUN TONG, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2078-0958 BN 978-988-18210-6-5 J9 LECT NOTES ENG COMP PY 2011 BP 220 EP 224 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG9BT UT WOS:000393011100044 ER PT S AU Kogan, F Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Early Detection and Monitoring Droughts From NOAA Environmental Satellites SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Droughts; Environmental satellites; Vegetation Health indices ID UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SPACE AB With nearly 30 years of the accumulated AVHRR data which were collected from NOAA operational polar-orbiting environmental satellites, the area of their applications expanded in the direction of monitoring vegetation condition, modeling agricultural production, analysis of climate and global change, resource management, and early and more efficient monitoring of droughts and their impacts on economy and society. This becomes possible due to the development of Vegetation Health (VH) indices. This paper discusses utility of the AVHRR-based VH focusing on monitoring vegetation with the emphasis on early drought warning and drought features. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. [Guo, Wei] IMSG inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 11 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100002 ER PT S AU Kuligowski, RJ AF Kuligowski, Robert J. BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Satellite Rainfall Information for Flood Preparedness and Response SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Satellite rainfall estimation; GOES satellite; Flood AB Much of the economic and humanitarian toll from flood events is due to a lack of adequate warning and preparation. Information on current and anticipated rainfall from satellite data represents a source of affordable yet useful information for weather forecasters, emergency planners, and other personnel responsible for responding to flood events. This chapter will describe the current state of estimating and nowcasting rainfall at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), along with plans for the upcoming Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R, which shares many capabilities with the EUMETSAT Spinning Enhanced Visible Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Examples of these products in actual flood events in Ukraine will be included. C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kuligowski, RJ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Bob.Kuligowski@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100004 ER PT S AU Orlovsky, L Kogan, F Eshed, E Dugarjav, C AF Orlovsky, Leah Kogan, Felix Eshed, Eldad Dugarjav, Chuitem BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Monitoring Droughts and Pastures Productivity in Mongolia Using NOAA-AVHRR Data SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Biomass production; Drought; Vegetation Health; Mongolia AB The significant part of Mongolian economy is pastoral agriculture, which is a traditional scope of activity and main source of income for the rural population. Study of the natural vegetation dynamics is of essential interest both for decision-makers and herdsmen. During the last decades, Mongolia has suffered from prolonged droughts in combination with extensive grazing in many areas. This situation requires frequent monitoring environmental conditions and the state of pastures. This is an important and challenging security task for Mongolia since weather station network is limited for effective special monitoring and providing services and advises to decision-makers and herdsmen. During 1985-2004, the NOAA-AVHRR Global Vegetation Index (GVI) data set and its Vegetation Health (VH) products have been studied and used for analysis of pastoral changes in Mongolia. This paper discusses application of VH for early drought detection (one of the leading environmental disasters), monitoring drought impacts on pasture conditions and estimation of biomass production. C1 [Orlovsky, Leah; Eshed, Eldad] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kogan, Felix] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. [Dugarjav, Chuitem] Inst Bot, Mongolian Acad Sci, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep. RP Orlovsky, L (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM orlovsky@bgu.ac.il RI Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_8 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100008 ER PT S AU Kogan, F Adamenko, T Kulbida, M AF Kogan, Felix Adamenko, Tatiana Kulbida, Mikola BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Satellite-Based Crop Production Monitoring in Ukraine and Regional Food Security SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Food security; Operational satellites; Vegetation health; Modeling crop losses ID UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SPACE AB Every year weather vagaries have caused shortfalls of agricultural production regionally and every 3-4 years these shortfalls occurred globally. Therefore, early assessment of crop losses in response to weather fluctuations is an important task for the estimation of global, regional and countries food supply/demand, donor's decision to assists the nations in need and to those receiving the assistance. The new satellite-based technology has been recently developed to provide timely and accurate crops' monitoring and assessments. This technology includes the theory, algorithm, data base and operational implementation of vegetation health (VH) assessments from observations provided by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) flown on NOAA operational polar-orbiting satellites. Several AVHRR-based VH indices were developed and used to provide weekly cumulative estimation of moisture, thermal and health conditions of vegetation canopy throughout the growing season. The indices were calculated for the entire 1981-2010 period of the AVHRR sensor in space and were compared with regional crop yields in the two dozens of countries. Strong correlation between wheat (both winter and spring), corn, soybeans and sorghum yield and VH indices was found during the critical period of the tested crops. The test results showed that VH indices can be used as proxy for early (2-5 months in advance of harvest) assessment of crop yield with the errors of estimation less than 10%. This paper discusses utility of space observations for early forecasting regional crop yield in Ukraine, with specific emphasis on 2-5 months warning of weather-related losses in agricultural production and their impact on agricultural supply/demand and food security. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. [Adamenko, Tatiana; Kulbida, Mikola] Ukrainian Hydrometerol, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 99 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_11 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100011 ER PT S AU Menzhulin, G Shamshurina, N Pavlovsky, A Kogan, F AF Menzhulin, Gennady Shamshurina, Natalya Pavlovsky, Artyom Kogan, Felix BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI New Regression Models for Prediction of Grain Yield Anomalies from Satellite-Based Vegetation Health Indices SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Crop yields anomaly; Vegetation health indices; Precipitation; Temperature; Models ID VALIDATION AB In the late 1970s, the first operational weather satellite system had been launched, which showed utility for monitoring land greenness, vigor and vegetation productivity. Currently, 30-year satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are available for monitoring land surface, atmosphere near the ground, natural disasters, and socioeconomic activities. Statistical modeling of agricultural crop yield and production was one of the applications. This paper discusses the topic, how design the new regression models of yield anomaly based on multivariate algorithms and selection of best-fit ensemble of predictors. C1 [Menzhulin, Gennady; Shamshurina, Natalya; Pavlovsky, Artyom] Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Interdisciplinary Environm Cooperat, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Kogan, Felix] NOAA, NESDISW, Washington, DC USA. RP Menzhulin, G (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Interdisciplinary Environm Cooperat, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. EM Menz2007@yandex.ru RI Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 105 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_12 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100012 ER PT S AU Kogan, F AF Kogan, Felix BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI 30-Year Land Surface Trend from AVHRR-Based Global Vegetation Health Data SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Global Vegetation Health dataset; Green-up trend; NDVI change ID SPACE AB The past 30 years of environmental observations showed considerable global temperature increase and global changes in snow and ice cover, sea level, biological systems timing (plants, birds etc.) and others. It was also shown with 20-year satellite records that Earth vegetation has an early greening, especially in the northern latitudes. Currently, 10 more years were added to the satellite records requiring re-evaluation of vegetation trends. NOAA/NESDIS has recently updated long-term satellite records produced from AVHRR data. These innovations permitted to develop the new 30-year Global Vegetation Health (GVH) dataset and products. The GVH were processed comprehensively to remove noise even those which had not been removed before. This paper investigates the 30-year no-noise NDVI time series for the purpose of trend detection. Data showed that the 30-year trend both global and latitudinal is very negligible. C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_14 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100014 ER PT S AU Powell, AM Xu, JJ Chen, M AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Xu, Jianjun Chen, Ming BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Regime Shifts in the Atmosphere and Their Relationship to Abrupt Ocean Changes SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Abrupt ocean change; Fish stock; El Nino/La Nina; Global waves ID NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION AB The ocean community has monitored abrupt climate changes or regime shifts in various fish species around the Pacific and Atlantic basins via fish stock and fish catch statistics. These regime shifts occur over relatively short intervals of 1-3 years, and appear to represent basin wide as well as ecosystem level changes that can last for many years. While regime shifts have been observed in the ocean through changes in physical and biological responses, their primary source has not been attributed to either atmospheric or oceanic forcing. Research results are discussed that make the case for the atmosphere being a key forcing for the abrupt regime shift changes. Also, a set of the independently identified ocean regime shifts are linked with abrupt changes in the atmosphere. C1 [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Washington, DC USA. [Xu, Jianjun; Chen, Ming] IM Syst Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Powell, AM (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM Al.Powell@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_17 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100017 ER PT S AU Kogan, F AF Kogan, Felix BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI ENSO Impact on Vegetation SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Land ecosystems; Vegetation Health; Drought; El Nino; La Nina; AVHRR data; Lag correlation ID AFRICA; INDEX AB This paper examines the 1981-1997 association between monthly SST anomalies in the 3.4 tropical Pacific and vegetation health (VH) indices for every 16 km(2) pixel of the world. The VH indices are represented by the Vegetation condition (VCI), Temperature condition (TCI), and Vegetation Health (VHI) indices. VCI determines moisture conditions, TCI - thermal conditions and VHI - the total vegetation health. Two types of responses were identified for boreal winter: ecosystems of northern South America, southern Africa, and Southeast Asia experienced severe moisture and thermal stress during El Nino and favorable conditions during La Nina years. In Argentina and the Horn of Africa the response was opposite. One of the most interesting results this paper shows are related to an advanced warnings of ENSO impacts. The eastern Brazil is sensitive to ENSO as early as in the spring (March May) of the year the ENSO is starting its development. C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_19 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100019 ER PT S AU Kogan, F Guo, W Jelenak, A AF Kogan, Felix Guo, Wei Jelenak, Aleksandar BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Global Vegetation Health: Long-Term Data Records SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Vegetation health; 30-year 4-km data records; Vegetation Condition Index (VCI); Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation health indices (VHI); NDVI and BT ID HIGH-RESOLUTION-RADIOMETER; AVHRR; SATELLITE AB The new Global Vegetation Health (GVH) data set has been developed for operational and scientific purposes. The GVH has advantages before other long-term global data sets, being the longest (30-year), having the highest spatial resolution (4-km), containing, in addition to NDVI, data and products from infrared channels, originally observed reflectance/emission values, no-noise indices, biophysical climatology and what is the most important, products used for monitoring the environment and socioeconomic activities. The processed data and products are ready to be used without additional processing for monitoring, assessments and predictions in agriculture, forestry, climate change and forcing, health, invasive species, deceases, ecosystem addressing such topics as food security, land cover land change, climate change, environmental security and others. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. [Guo, Wei] IMSG Inc, Washington, DC USA. [Jelenak, Aleksandar] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Jelenak, Aleksandar/F-5595-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 247 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_28 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100028 ER PT S AU Kogan, F Vargas, M Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Vargas, Marco Guo, Wei BE Kogan, F Powell, AM Fedorov, O TI Comparison of AVHRR-Based Global Data Records SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to Improve Sustainability CY JUN 09-12, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA) DE Vegetation health; 30-year 4-km data records; Vegetation condition index (VCI); Temperature (TCI) and Vegetation health (VHI) indices; NDVI and BT ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE AB Several global data sets have been developed from the AVHRR instrument measuring reflectance/emission of the Earth since the early 1980s. The longest datasets currently available for users are NOAA's Global Vegetation Health (GVH), NASA's Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) and Land Long Term data Records (LTDR). The GVH has 30-year records (1981-2010), GIMMS - 26 (1981-2006) and LTDR - 19 (1981-1999). These datasets have different spatial and temporal resolutions, processing methods (sampling, calibration, noise removal, mapping, gap treatment etc.), applicability, availability, distribution etc. They have been used frequently for monitoring earth surface, atmosphere near the ground and analysis of climate related land surface trends. Since one of the common features of these datasets is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) this paper is focusing on comparison of NDVI time series, specifically comparing time series dynamics and trends. It is shown that GIMMS NDVI is two to three times higher and has steeper long-term trend compared to GVH and LTDR. C1 [Kogan, Felix; Vargas, Marco] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. [Guo, Wei] IMSG Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Vargas, Marco/F-5629-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010 OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Vargas, Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-9617-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2011 BP 267 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_30 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVW14 UT WOS:000292940100030 ER PT J AU Hooft, EEE Patel, H Wilcock, W Becker, K Butterfield, D Davis, E Dziak, R Inderbitzen, K Lilley, M McGill, P Toomey, D Stakes, D AF Hooft, Emilie E. E. Patel, Hemalinee Wilcock, William Becker, Keir Butterfield, David Davis, Earl Dziak, Robert Inderbitzen, Katherine Lilley, Marvin McGill, Paul Toomey, Douglas Stakes, Debra TI A seismic swarm and regional hydrothermal and hydrologic perturbations: The northern Endeavour segment, February 2005 SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE earthquake swarm; hydrothermal response; hydrologic response; magma intrusion; overlapping spreading center; Endeavour ridge ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; B-VALUE; JUAN; EARTHQUAKES AB The February 2005 swarm at the overlapping spreading center (OSC) on the northern end of the Endeavour segment is the first swarm on the Juan de Fuca Ridge recorded on a local seafloor seismic network. The swarm included several larger earthquakes and caused triggered seismicity and a hydrothermal response in the Endeavour vent fields as well as regional-scale hydrologic pressure perturbations. The spatial and temporal pattern of over 6000 earthquakes recorded during this seismic sequence is complex. Small-magnitude events dominate, and seismicity rates wax and wane, indicating a magmatic process. The main swarm initiates at the northern end of the Endeavour ridge. However, most of the moment release, including six strike-slip events, occurs in the southwest Endeavour Valley, where the swarm epicenters generally migrate south. The main swarm is contemporaneous with a hydrologic pressure response at four sealed seafloor boreholes, similar to 25-105 km away. We infer that the seismic sequence is driven by a largely aseismic magma intrusion at the northern Endeavour axis. Resulting stress changes trigger slip on tectonic faults and possibly dike propagation at the opposing limb of the Endeavour OSC in the southwest Endeavour Valley, consistent with the eventual decapitation of the Endeavour by the West Valley segment. Furthermore, 2.5 days after the start of the main swarm, seismicity is triggered beneath the Endeavour vent fields, and temperature increases at a diffuse vent in the Mothra field. We infer that this delayed response is due to a hydrologic pressure pulse that diffuses away from the main magma intrusion. C1 [Hooft, Emilie E. E.; Toomey, Douglas] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Patel, Hemalinee] British Petr Co PLC, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Wilcock, William; Lilley, Marvin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Becker, Keir; Inderbitzen, Katherine] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Butterfield, David] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Davis, Earl] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Dziak, Robert] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [McGill, Paul] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Stakes, Debra] Cuesta Coll, Div Phys Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93403 USA. RP Hooft, EEE (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM emilie@uoregon.edu RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Toomey, Douglas/0000-0003-2873-4084 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium; University of Washington (UW); National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0937285, OCE-0937006, OCE-0400471]; NEPTUNE Canada; Geological Survey of Canada FX We thank J. Delaney and D. Kelley for their leadership of the program that included this experiment; D. Bowman, J. Parker, H. Patel, C. Schmidt, and student participants in a Friday Harbor Laboratories research apprenticeship and the IRIS summer internship program for assistance with the initial data analysis; and M. Tolstoy and an anonymous reviewer for reviews that improved this manuscript. The W. M. Keck Foundation supported the seismic and hydrothermal data collection and analysis with matching support from the Monterey Bay Aquarium (for ship time and ocean bottom instruments) and the University of Washington (UW) (for ship time). The National Science Foundation (NSF) supported this research (OCE-0937285 and OCE-0937006) as well as the computational facility at the University of Oregon (EAR-0651123). Collection of the high-resolution ABE bathymetry was funded by NSF, UW, and NEPTUNE Canada. Collection of the CORK pressure data was supported by the Geological Survey of Canada and NSF (OCE-0400471). This paper is PMEL contribution 3615. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 11 AR Q12015 DI 10.1029/2010GC003264 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701RB UT WOS:000285839000002 ER PT J AU Jordan, NS Hoff, RM Bacmeister, JT AF Jordan, Nikisa S. Hoff, Raymond M. Bacmeister, Julio T. TI Validation of Goddard Earth Observing System-version 5 MERRA planetary boundary layer heights using CALIPSO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; AIRBORNE LIDAR; TEMPERATURE; RADIOMETER; EMISSION; AEROSOLS; TOP AB This study compares the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height produced by the Goddard Earth Observing System-version 5 (GEOS-5) model with Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Part of GEOS-5 is an Atmosphere Global Circulation Model (GCM) used by National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Model developers are uncertain of the precision of model PBL height predictions since verification by direct observations of the PBL height is sparse. Validation of the PBL height serves as a diagnostic on whether the physics and dynamics packages are correct in the model. In this work, we report the global daytime PBL heights derived from dissertation work by Jordan (2009). We believe that this is the first large-scale observational study of PBL heights using CALIPSO. In this paper, we compare CALIPSO PBL heights to matched PBL heights from the GEOS-5 Modern Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) model. Extensive comparisons between the model output and satellite observations in the Western Hemisphere and over Africa gave model-measurement correlation coefficients (R) of 0.47-0.73. Comparisons have been performed for regions over land and water using clouds, aerosols, and mixed cloud-aerosol features to detect the PBL. The present study provides insight of regional PBL height variances in the GEOS-5 model. For much of the study region GEOS-5 predicts PBL heights within 25% of CALIPSO observations. A case over the Equatorial Pacific indicates that the GEOS-5/CALIPSO PBL height ratios exceed 1.25. PBL height biases in the Equatorial Pacific may be related to the GCM coupling scheme implemented in GEOS-5. Also, in some regions, the CALIPSO PBL heights are generally higher than the GEOS-5 model. C1 [Jordan, Nikisa S.; Hoff, Raymond M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Jordan, Nikisa S.; Hoff, Raymond M.] CUNY City Coll, Cooperat Ctr Remote Sensing Sci & Technol, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Bacmeister, Julio T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Jordan, NS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Ste 320,5523 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM njordan1@umbc.edu RI Hoff, Raymond/C-6747-2012 FU Cooperative Center for Remote Sensing Science and Technology (CREST) CUNY [49100-00-02-B]; NASA [NAS1-99107] FX This work was funded by Cooperative Center for Remote Sensing Science and Technology (CREST) CUNY grant 49100-00-02-B and NASA NAS1-99107. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 10 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D24218 DI 10.1029/2009JD013777 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 701QP UT WOS:000285837600001 ER PT J AU Lavelle, JW Thurnherr, AM Ledwell, JR McGillicuddy, DJ Mullineaux, LS AF Lavelle, J. W. Thurnherr, A. M. Ledwell, J. R. McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr. Mullineaux, L. S. TI Deep ocean circulation and transport where the East Pacific Rise at 9-10 degrees N meets the Lamont seamount chain SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; PRIMITIVE-EQUATION MODEL; SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; FUCA RIDGE; FIEBERLING-GUYOT; BOTTOM CURRENTS; JUAN; PLUMES; FLOW AB We report the first 3-D numerical model study of abyssal ocean circulation and transport over the steep topography of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and adjoining Lamont seamount chain in the eastern tropical Pacific. We begin by comparing results of hydrodynamical model calculations with observations of currents, hydrography, and SF(6) tracer dispersion taken during Larval Dispersal on the Deep East Pacific Rise (LADDER) field expeditions in 2006-2007. Model results are then used to extend observations in time and space. Regional patterns are pronounced in their temporal variability at M(2) tidal and subinertial periods. Mean velocities show ridge-trapped current jets flowing poleward west and equatorward east of the ridge, with time-varying magnitudes (weekly average maximum of similar to 10 cm s(-1)) that make the jets important features with regard to ridge-originating particle/larval transport. Isotherms bow upward over the ridge and plunge downward into seamount flanks below ridge crest depth. The passage (P1) between the EPR and the first Lamont seamount to the west is a choke point for northward flux at ridge crest depths and below. Weekly averaged velocities show times of anticyclonic flow around the Lamont seamount chain as a whole and anticyclonic flow around individual seamounts. Results show that during the LADDER tracer experiment SF(6) reached P1 from the south in the western flank jet. A short-lived change in regional flow direction, just at the time of SF(6) arrival at P1, started the transport of SF(6) to the west on a course south of the seamounts, as field observations suggest. Approximately 20 days later, a longer-lasting shift in regional flow from west to SSE returned a small fraction of the tracer to the EPR ridge crest. C1 [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Thurnherr, A. M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Div Ocean & Climate Phys, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Ledwell, J. R.; McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mullineaux, L. S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM j.williams.lavelle@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Biological and Physical Oceanography Sections of the Division of Ocean Sciences of the NSF [OCE-0424953, OCE-0425361] FX The work of the lead author was funded by NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and by NOAA's Vents Program. The work of the other authors has been supported by the Biological and Physical Oceanography Sections of the Division of Ocean Sciences of the NSF under grants OCE-0424953 and OCE-0425361, Larval Dispersion along the Deep East Pacific Rise (LADDER). This is contribution 3537 from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The freeware application Ferret was used to analyze and display data sets. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12073 DI 10.1029/2010JC006426 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 701PZ UT WOS:000285835700005 ER PT J AU Earle, GD Bhaneja, P Roddy, PA Swenson, CM Barjatya, A Bishop, RL Bullett, TW Crowley, G Redmon, R Groves, K Cosgrove, R Vadas, SL AF Earle, G. D. Bhaneja, P. Roddy, P. A. Swenson, C. M. Barjatya, A. Bishop, R. L. Bullett, T. W. Crowley, G. Redmon, R. Groves, K. Cosgrove, R. Vadas, Sharon L. TI A comprehensive rocket and radar study of midlatitude spread F SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES; SPORADIC-E LAYERS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INSTABILITY; ELECTRODYNAMICS; PROPAGATION; CONVECTION; GENERATION; CAMPAIGN AB An instrumented sounding rocket launched from Wallops Island Virginia has flown through a midlatitude spread F (MSF) event in conjunction with simultaneous ionosonde, HF radar, and 244 MHz scintillation observations from the ground. The in situ measurements include the electric field, horizontal neutral wind, and plasma density within the spread F region. The ground-based HF radar measurements of wave signatures in the bottomside F region ledge reveal the presence of waves propagating to the north and northwest prior to and during the spreading event. The periods of these bottomside waves range from 16 to 60 min, and they are shown to be associated with a strong tropical storm located similar to 2000 km southeast of the launch site. Enhancements in the auroral current system occur about an hour before the MSF first appears, but none of the observed waves can be attributed to this source. The new phase-sensitive ionosonde system operated at Wallops Island during the experiment confirms the long-standing hypothesis that this particular spread F event arises from multipath echoes distributed over a wide field of view in the bottomside F region. Evidence of vertically displaced plasma that could produce such multipath echoes is observed in the rocket data at and above the F region peak over spatial scales smaller than the wavelengths observed on the bottomside ledge by the HF radar, but similar to the range separation given by the high resolution ionosonde echoes when the scale lengths of the structures are interpreted in magnetic coordinates. No significant plasma density structures smaller than a few kilometers are observed in the rocket data, and no unusual scintillation is observed along a path coincident with the rocket trajectory. C1 [Earle, G. D.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Bhaneja, P.; Bullett, T. W.] NGDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Roddy, P. A.; Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Swenson, C. M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Barjatya, A.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Bishop, R. L.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Crowley, G.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates LLC, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Redmon, R.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cosgrove, R.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vadas, Sharon L.] NW Res Associates, CoRA Div, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. RP Earle, GD (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd,WT 15, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM preeti.bhaneja@noaa.gov RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011 OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719 FU NASA [NNG04WC19G, NNH07AF501, NNG04WC49G, NNH08CE12C] FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNG04WC19G, NNH07AF501, NNG04WC49G, and NNH08CE12C. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12339 DI 10.1029/2010JA015503 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 701RJ UT WOS:000285839900002 ER PT J AU Li, FY Ramaswamy, V Ginoux, P Broccoli, AJ Delworth, T Zeng, FR AF Li, Fuyu Ramaswamy, V. Ginoux, Paul Broccoli, Anthony J. Delworth, Thomas Zeng, Fanrong TI Toward understanding the dust deposition in Antarctica during the Last Glacial Maximum: Sensitivity studies on plausible causes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID C ICE-CORE; EAST ANTARCTICA; DOME-C; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; VOSTOK; RECORD AB Understanding the plausible causes for the observed high dust concentrations in Antarctic ice cores during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is crucial for interpreting the Antarctic dust records in the past climates and could provide insights into dust variability in future climates. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) General Circulation Models, we conduct an investigation into the various factors modulating dust emission, transport, and deposition, with a view toward an improved quantification of the LGM dust enhancements in the Antarctic ice cores. The model simulations show that the expansion of source areas and changes in the Antarctic ice accumulation rates together can account for most of the observed increase of dust concentrations in the Vostok, Dome C, and Taylor Dome cores, but there is an overestimate of the LGM/present ratio in the case of the Byrd core. The source expansion due to the lowering of sea level yields a factor of 2-3 higher contribution than that due to the reduction of continental vegetation. The changes in other climate parameters (e.g., SH precipitation change) are estimated to be relatively less important within the context of this sensitivity study, while the model-simulated LGM surface winds yield a 20%-30% reduction rather than an increase in dust deposition in Antarctica. This research yields insights toward a fundamental understanding of the causes for the significant enhancement of the dust deposition in the Antarctic ice cores during the LGM. C1 [Li, Fuyu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.; Ginoux, Paul; Delworth, Thomas] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08452 USA. [Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Li, FY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fli@lbl.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Li, Fuyu/B-9055-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 FU NASA Headquarters [NESSF07] FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program (NESSF07). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D24120 DI 10.1029/2010JD014791 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 701QO UT WOS:000285837500004 ER PT J AU Baker-Yeboah, S Byrne, DA Watts, DR AF Baker-Yeboah, S. Byrne, D. A. Watts, D. R. TI Observations of mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic Cape Basin: Baroclinic and deep barotropic eddy variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GEOSTROPHIC VORTEX DYNAMICS; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; INTER-OCEAN EXCHANGE; 3 AGULHAS RINGS; WARM-CORE RING; BENGUELA CURRENT; NUMERICAL-MODEL; V-STATES; RETROFLECTION; EVOLUTION AB Anticyclones and cyclones in the eastern South Atlantic are characterized based on data collected during January 2003 to March 2005, along a Jason 1 satellite altimeter ground track, as part of the Agulhas South Atlantic Thermohaline Transport Experiment. Large and small cyclones and anticyclones were ubiquitous in the deep ocean of the eastern South Atlantic, as well as in the upper ocean. Eddy structures jointly corotating in the upper and deep water column were common; most of the time (94%) these were not axially aligned as they copropagated. The Agulhas rings and cyclones that populate the region generally carry both a steric component (baroclinic) and a mass loading component (deep barotropic structure). Average translation speeds were 7.5 cm s (1) for baroclinic eddies and twice as fast for barotropic eddies, irrespective of polarity. Translation speeds were higher than advection by the mean background flow field. In addition, large mixed baroclinic-barotropic rings crashed into the Agulhas Ridge and nearby seamounts and split into two or more parts. Some ring parts were also observed to fuse together. Deep cyclones, as well as interactions with topography, were observed to play a role in the fission process of Agulhas rings. These processes can increase the population of Agulhas rings and their remnant eddies, which took three pathways from the Agulhas and into the Cape Basin: (1) a deep pathway between the continental slope and Erica Seamount, (2) a shallower pathway over or near the Agulhas Ridge and Schmitt-Otto Seamount, and (3) a deep seaward pathway around the Agulhas Ridge. C1 [Baker-Yeboah, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Byrne, D. A.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Watts, D. R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Baker-Yeboah, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sbaker@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0095572, OCE-0099177] FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation for grants OCE-0095572 and OCE-0099177. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Neal R. Pettigrew for collecting and providing current meter data. We thank Glenn R. Flierl and Carl Wunsch for editorial comments. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12069 DI 10.1029/2010JC006236 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 701PT UT WOS:000285835000002 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR Lewison, RL Dunn, DC Bjorkland, RH Kelez, S Halpin, PN Crowder, LB AF Stewart, Kelly R. Lewison, Rebecca L. Dunn, Daniel C. Bjorkland, Rhema H. Kelez, Shaleyla Halpin, Patrick N. Crowder, Larry B. TI Characterizing Fishing Effort and Spatial Extent of Coastal Fisheries SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; MARINE FOOD WEBS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; SEA; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; CHALLENGES; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE; IMPACTS AB Biodiverse coastal zones are often areas of intense fishing pressure due to the high relative density of fishing capacity in these nearshore regions. Although overcapacity is one of the central challenges to fisheries sustainability in coastal zones, accurate estimates of fishing pressure in coastal zones are limited, hampering the assessment of the direct and collateral impacts (e. g., habitat degradation, bycatch) of fishing. We compiled a comprehensive database of fishing effort metrics and the corresponding spatial limits of fisheries and used a spatial analysis program (FEET) to map fishing effort density (measured as boat-meters per km(2)) in the coastal zones of six ocean regions. We also considered the utility of a number of socioeconomic variables as indicators of fishing pressure at the national level; fishing density increased as a function of population size and decreased as a function of coastline length. Our mapping exercise points to intra and interregional 'hotspots' of coastal fishing pressure. The significant and intuitive relationships we found between fishing density and population size and coastline length may help with coarse regional characterizations of fishing pressure. However, spatially-delimited fishing effort data are needed to accurately map fishing hotspots, i.e., areas of intense fishing activity. We suggest that estimates of fishing effort, not just target catch or yield, serve as a necessary measure of fishing activity, which is a key link to evaluating sustainability and environmental impacts of coastal fisheries. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Dunn, Daniel C.; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bjorkland, Rhema H.; Kelez, Shaleyla; Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM rlewison@sciences.sdsu.edu OI Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work was supported by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Project GloBAL (Global Bycatch Assessment of Long-lived species http://bycatch.env.duke.edu). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 29 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14451 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014451 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 701CZ UT WOS:000285793200007 PM 21206903 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Jones, KF Fairall, CW AF Andreas, Edgar L. Jones, Kathleen F. Fairall, Christopher W. TI Production velocity of sea spray droplets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRY-DEPOSITION; WATER SURFACES; JET DROPS; AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; GENERATION FUNCTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PRODUCTION-RATES; SALT AEROSOL AB The sea spray generation function dF/dr(0) predicts the rate at which droplets of initial radius r(0) are produced at the sea surface. Because this function is not readily measurable in the marine environment, however, it is often inferred from measurements of the near-surface droplet concentration, C(r(0)), through an assumed velocity scale, the effective spray production velocity. This paper proceeds in reverse, though: It uses a reliable estimate of dF/dr(0) and 13 sets of measurements of C(r(0)) over the ocean to calculate the implied effective production velocity, V-eff, for droplets with initial radii r(0) from 5 to 300 mu m. It then compares these V-eff values with four candidate expressions for this production velocity: the dry-deposition velocity, V-Dh; the mean wind speed at the significant wave amplitude (A(1/3)), U-A1/3; the standard deviation in vertical droplet velocity, sigma(wd); and laboratory measurements of the ejection velocity of jet droplets, V-ej. The velocity scales U-A1/3 and V-ej agree best with the implied V-eff values for 20 <= r(0) <= 300 mu m. The deposition velocity, V-Dh, which is the velocity most commonly used in this application, agrees worst with the Veff values. For droplets with r(0) less than about 20 mu m, the analysis also rejects the main hypothesis: that dF/dr(0) and C(r(0)) can be related through a velocity scale. These smaller droplets simply have residence times that are too long for spray concentrations to be in local equilibrium with the spray production rate. C1 [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jones, Kathleen F.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, 25 Eagle Rdg, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. EM eandreas@nwra.com FU U.S. Mineral Management Service [M07RG13274]; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0411] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that helped clarify our presentation. The U.S. Mineral Management Service supported this work under Interagency Agreement M07RG13274. The U.S. Office of Naval Research also supported ELA through grant N00014-08-1-0411. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12065 DI 10.1029/2010JC006458 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 701PS UT WOS:000285834800004 ER PT J AU Link, JS Megrey, BA Miller, TJ Essington, T Boldt, J Bundy, A Moksness, E Drinkwater, KF Perry, RI AF Link, Jason S. Megrey, Bernard A. Miller, Thomas J. Essington, Tim Boldt, Jennifer Bundy, Alida Moksness, Erlend Drinkwater, Ken F. Perry, R. Ian TI Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: international production modelling workshop SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE production modelling; triad of drivers; ecosystem comparisons; trophodynamics; biophysical forcing; fisheries ID TROPHIC CASCADES; GLOBAL FISHERIES; BOTTOM-UP; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; OCEAN; CATCH AB Understanding the drivers that dictate the productivity of marine ecosystems continues to be a globally important issue. A vast literature identifies three main processes that regulate the production dynamics of such ecosystems: biophysical, exploitative and trophodynamic. Exploring the prominence among this 'triad' of drivers, through a synthetic analysis, is critical for understanding how marine ecosystems function and subsequently produce fisheries resources of interest to humans. To explore this topic further, an international workshop was held on 10-14 May 2010, at the National Academy of Science's Jonsson Center in Woods Hole, MA, USA. The workshop compiled the data required to develop production models at different hierarchical levels (e.g. species, guild, ecosystem) for many of the major Northern Hemisphere marine ecosystems that have supported notable fisheries. Analyses focused on comparable total system biomass production, functionally equivalent species production, or simulation studies for 11 different marine fishery ecosystems. Workshop activities also led to new analytical tools. Preliminary results suggested common patterns driving overall fisheries production in these ecosystems, but also highlighted variation in the relative importance of each among ecosystems. C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Essington, Tim] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Boldt, Jennifer; Perry, R. Ian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Bundy, Alida] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Halifax, NS B2Y 14A2, Canada. [Moksness, Erlend] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway. [Drinkwater, Ken F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Drinkwater, Ken F.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 723 EP 726 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0526 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 678TO UT WOS:000284104000002 PM 20610416 ER PT J AU Constantino, PJ Lee, JJW Chai, H Zipfel, B Ziscovici, C Lawn, BR Lucas, PW AF Constantino, Paul J. Lee, James J. -W. Chai, Herzl Zipfel, Bernhard Ziscovici, Charles Lawn, Brian R. Lucas, Peter W. TI Tooth chipping can reveal the diet and bite forces of fossil hominins SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dietary reconstruction; hominid; dentition; fracture ID ESTIMATED BITING FORCES; DENTAL MICROWEAR; FALLBACK FOODS; MAMMALS; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; ECOLOGY; INVIVO; ENAMEL; TEETH AB Mammalian tooth enamel is often chipped, providing clear evidence for localized contacts with large hard food objects. Here, we apply a simple fracture equation to estimate peak bite forces directly from chip size. Many fossil hominins exhibit antemortem chips on their posterior teeth, indicating their use of high bite forces. The inference that these species must have consumed large hard foods such as seeds is supported by the occurrence of similar chips among known modern-day seed predators such as orangutans and peccaries. The existence of tooth chip signatures also provides a way of identifying the consumption of rarely eaten foods that dental microwear and isotopic analysis are unlikely to detect. C1 [Constantino, Paul J.; Ziscovici, Charles; Lawn, Brian R.; Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Zipfel, Bernhard] Univ Witwatersrand, Bernard Price Inst Palaeontol Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Zipfel, Bernhard] Univ Witwatersrand, Inst Human Evolut, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Constantino, PJ (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM paulconstantino@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [0851351, 0725122]; George Washington University; Israeli Science Foundation; Palaeontological Scientific Trust FX We thank Bernard Wood and Fred Grine for access to their hominin cast collections, Linda Gordon, Colin Menter, and Stephany Potze for access to specimens in their care, and Ashley Hammond and Carol Ward for providing images of Australopithecus anamensis teeth. Human teeth were supplied by the Paffenbarger Research Center. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant 0851351 to PWL, PJC, JJWL, and BRL; and 0725122 to PWL), the George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund (to PJC), the Israeli Science Foundation (to HC), and the Palaeontological Scientific Trust (to BZ). NR 27 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 6 BP 826 EP 829 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0304 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 678TO UT WOS:000284104000029 PM 20519197 ER PT J AU Kunkel, KE Easterling, DR Kristovich, DAR Gleason, B Stoecker, L Smith, R AF Kunkel, Kenneth E. Easterling, David R. Kristovich, David A. R. Gleason, Byron Stoecker, Leslie Smith, Rebecca TI Recent increases in U.S. heavy precipitation associated with tropical cyclones SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS AB Precipitation time series for 935 long-term U. S. climate stations were analyzed to identify daily extreme events associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). Extremes were defined as daily amounts exceeding a threshold for a 1 in 5-yr occurrence. TCs account for 30% or more of all such extreme events at a number of stations and about 6% of the national annual total. During 1994-2008, the number of TC-associated events was more than double the long-term average while the total annual national number of events was about 25% above the long-term (1895-2008) average. Despite the limited spatial area and portion of the annual cycle affected by TCs, the anomalous number of events associated with TCs accounted for over one-third of the overall national anomaly for 1994-2008. While there has been a recent increase in the number of landfalling U. S. hurricances, the increase in TC-associated heavy events is much higher than would be expected from the pre-1994 association between the two. Citation: Kunkel, K. E. D. R. Easterling, D. A. R. Kristovich, B. Gleason, L. Stoecker, and R. Smith (2010), Recent increases in U. S. heavy precipitation associated with tropical cyclones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24706, doi:10.1029/2010GL045164. C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Easterling, David R.; Gleason, Byron] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Kristovich, David A. R.; Stoecker, Leslie; Smith, Rebecca] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, INRS, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Smith, Rebecca] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM kenneth.kunkel@dri.edu RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Kristovich, David/0000-0001-9381-1053 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office [NA07OAR4310063] FX This work was partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office award NA07OAR4310063. We thank James Angel and Alan Black for their constructive comments. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the institutions for which they work. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24706 DI 10.1029/2010GL045164 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699BO UT WOS:000285639100002 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Faraone, A Hagaman, EW Han, KS Fratini, E AF Mamontov, E. Faraone, A. Hagaman, E. W. Han, K. S. Fratini, E. TI A Low-Temperature Crossover in Water Dynamics in an Aqueous LiCl Solution: Diffusion Probed by Neutron Spin-Echo and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID STOKES-EINSTEIN RELATION; CONFINED WATER; SUPERCOOLED WATER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICA MATRICES; HYDRATION WATER; LIQUID WATER; SCATTERING; TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Aqueous solutions of lithium chloride are an excellent model system for studying the dynamics of water molecules down to low temperatures without freezing. The apparent dynamic crossover observed in an aqueous solution of LiCl at about 220 to 225 K [Mamontov, JPCB 2009, 113, 14073] is located practically at the same temperature as the crossover found for pure water confined in small hydrophilic pores. This finding suggests a strong similarity of water behavior in these two types of systems. At the same time, studies of solutions allow more effective explorations of the long-range diffusion dynamics, because the water molecules are not confined inside an impenetrable matrix. In contrast to the earlier incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering results obtained for the scattering momentum transfers of 0.3 angstrom(-1) <= Q <= 0.9 angstrom(-1), our present incoherent neutron spin-echo measurements at a lower Q of 0.1 angstrom(-1) exhibit no apparent crossover in the relaxation times down to 200 K. At the same time, our present nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the diffusion coefficients clearly show a deviation at the lower temperatures from the non-Arrhenius law obtained at the higher temperatures. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which more than one relaxational component may exist below the temperature of the dynamic crossover in water. C1 [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Faraone, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hagaman, E. W.; Han, K. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fratini, E.] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Fratini, E.] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mamontove@ornl.gov RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Han, Kee Sung/0000-0002-3535-1818 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; CSGI; MIUR FX A part of this research performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The work at the Chemical Sciences Division of the ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We are thankful to A. P. Sokolov for valuable discussion. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. E. Fratini kindly acknowledges financial support from CSGI and MIUR. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 50 BP 16737 EP 16743 DI 10.1021/jp108497b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 693PT UT WOS:000285236700009 PM 21117619 ER PT J AU Simiu, E AF Simiu, Emil TI IONESCO WAS NOT A NATIONALIST SO NEW YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK REVIEW PI NEW YORK PA 1755 BROADWAY, 5TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA SN 0028-7504 J9 NEW YORK REV BOOKS JI N. Y. Rev. Books PD DEC 23 PY 2010 VL 57 IS 20 BP 102 EP 102 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 688AQ UT WOS:000284820300037 ER PT J AU Ray, AJ Seaborn, G Leffler, JW Wilde, SB Lawson, A Browdy, CL AF Ray, Andrew J. Seaborn, Gloria Leffler, John W. Wilde, Susan B. Lawson, Alisha Browdy, Craig L. TI Characterization of microbial communities in minimal-exchange, intensive aquaculture systems and the effects of suspended solids management SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Biofloc; Shrimp; Biomarkers; Epifluorescence; Intensive aquaculture; Microbial ecology ID LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; WHITE SHRIMP; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOMARKERS; SEDIMENTS; REMOVAL; GROWTH; FOOD; TECHNOLOGY AB Minimal-exchange, intensive culture systems require little, if any, water exchange and have high animal stocking densities. Intensive nutrient inputs lead to an abundant community of microorganisms. These microbes are partially contained within suspended "biofloc" particles and contribute to water quality maintenance and provision of supplemental nutrition to the culture species. Optimal function of minimal-exchange, intensive systems is likely dependent on the structure of the microbial communities within them. This document offers a short review of microbial groups important for intensive marine aquaculture and descriptions of three methods for quantifying their abundance. The document also describes an experiment during which these methods were used to monitor the effects of partial biofloc removal on microbe abundance. The first method uses light microscopy, with the option of epifluorescence, along with a ranking system to enumerate the abundance of microbial taxa. The second method exclusively uses epifluorescence to illuminate chlorophyll and cyanobacteria pigments. Images are taken of each fluorescing group of pigments and processed using image analysis software to quantify the respective abundance of the two pigment types. Using the third method, changes in bacterial abundance were determined by gas chromatographic measurement of bacteria-specific fatty acids in solvent extracted water column lipids. Using these techniques, it was determined that removing solids from the culture water significantly (P <= 0.01) reduced the abundance of nematodes, rotifers, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Understanding microbial composition and the effects that management protocols have on that composition may help system managers make better informed decisions. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ray, Andrew J.; Lawson, Alisha] Waddell Mariculture Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bluffton, SC 29910 USA. [Seaborn, Gloria] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Leffler, John W.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wilde, Susan B.] Univ Georgia, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Browdy, Craig L.] Novus Int, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Ray, AJ (reprint author), Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM AndrewJRay@gmail.com FU USDA FX The techniques described in this document were adapted and applied at the Waddell Mariculture Center in Bluffton, South Carolina, USA as part of a Master of Science Thesis (Ray, 2008) through the College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Thank you Heidi Atwood, Kirsten Ayers, Maggie Broadwater, Amy Dickson, Sylvia Galloway, Traci Holstein, Martin Jones, Peter Kingsley-Smith, Beth Lewis, Brad McAbee, Mark McConnel, Stacy Ray, Andrew Shuler, Jesus Venero, Joe Wade, David White, and the staff of the Waddell Mariculture Center. Any mention of a trademark or product manufacturer is in no way an endorsement of that business or a suggestion that one product is superior to another. This research was supported by grants from the USDA Integrated Organic Program and the USDA US Marine Shrimp Farming Program. This is contribution number 657 from the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Marine Resources Research Institute. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 8 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 310 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.019 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 705TQ UT WOS:000286161200020 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB Between May and August 2009 sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern equatorial Atlantic dropped 5 C, from 1 C above normal to 1 C below normal. The magnitude of this cooling is unprecedented since satellite SST measurements began in 1982. In this study, observations and a linear equatorial wave model are used to examine the causes of the sharp decrease in SST. It is found that the anomalous cooling along the equator can be traced to an anomalous meridional gradient of SST and associated northwesterly anomalous winds that developed in the equatorial Atlantic the preceding spring. The anomalous winds forced upwelling equatorial Rossby waves that propagated westward during boreal spring and reflected at the western boundary into upwelling Kelvin waves during late spring and summer. The upwelling Kelvin waves propagated eastward along the equator, anomalously decreasing sea level and SST during May-August. Citation: Foltz, G. R., and M. J. McPhaden (2010), Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24605, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045522. C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington. PMEL publication 3613. JISAO contribution 1845. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24605 DI 10.1029/2010GL045522 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 699BM UT WOS:000285638900006 ER PT J AU Melot, BC Goldman, A Darago, LE Furman, JD Rodriguez, EE Seshadri, R AF Melot, Brent C. Goldman, Abby Darago, Lucy E. Furman, Joshua D. Rodriguez, Efrain E. Seshadri, Ram TI Magnetic ordering and magnetodielectric phenomena in CoSeO4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; POINTS AB CoSeO4 has a structure consisting of edge-sharing chains of Co2+ octahedra which are held together by SeO42- tetrahedra via shared oxygen atoms at the edges of the octahedra. DC magnetization measurements indicate a transition to an ordered state below 30 K. Powder neutron diffraction refinements suggest an ordered state with two unique antiferromagnetic chains within the unit cell. Isothermal magnetization measurements indicate a temperature-dependent field-induced magnetic transition below the ordering temperature. From neutron diffraction, we find that this corresponds to a realignment of spins from the canted configuration towards the c-axis. The dielectric constant shows a change in slope at the magnetic ordering temperature indicating an interplay between the spin and charge degrees of freedom. C1 [Melot, Brent C.; Darago, Lucy E.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Melot, Brent C.; Darago, Lucy E.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Goldman, Abby] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Phys, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Furman, Joshua D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Melot, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bmelot@mrl.ucsb.edu; goldm20a@mtholyoke.edu; ldarago@umail.ucsb.edu; furman@mrl.ucsb.edu; efrainr@nist.gov; seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Furman, Joshua/F-3632-2010; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Melot, Brent/B-6456-2008; OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Melot, Brent/0000-0002-7078-8206; Darago, Lucy/0000-0001-7515-5558 FU National Science Foundation through an MRSEC [DMR 0520415]; UCSB MRL; National Science Foundation [DMR 0449354] FX The authors thank Daniel P Shoemaker and Jonathan Suen for assistance with the dielectric measurements and Mark Green for assistance in collection of neutron diffraction data. Support for this work came from the National Science Foundation through an MRSEC award (DMR 0520415; support for BM and facilities), a Career Award (DMR 0449354) and the RISE program at the UCSB MRL (support of internships for LD and AG). NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 50 AR 506003 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/50/506003 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 690ZK UT WOS:000285049200023 PM 21406813 ER PT J AU O'Malley, KG Ford, MJ Hard, JJ AF O'Malley, Kathleen G. Ford, Michael J. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI Clock polymorphism in Pacific salmon: evidence for variable selection along a latitudinal gradient SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE circadian clock; cline; day length; migration; polyglutamine domain; reproduction ID PHOTOPERIODIC TIME MEASUREMENT; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SMOLT DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE CLOCK; GENE; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; DROSOPHILA; AMPLITUDE AB Seasonal timing of life-history events is often under strong natural selection. The Clock gene is a central component of an endogenous circadian clock that senses changes in photoperiod (day length) and mediates seasonal behaviours. Among Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), seasonal timing of migration and breeding is influenced by photoperiod. To expand a study of 42 North American Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations, we tested whether duplicated Clock genes contribute to population differences in reproductive timing. Specifically, we examined geographical variation along a similar latitudinal gradient in the polyglutamine domain (PolyQ) of OtsClock1a and OtsClock1b among 53 populations of three species: chum (Oncorhynchus keta), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). We found evidence for variable selection on OtsClock1b that corresponds to latitudinal variation in reproductive timing among these species. We evaluated the contribution of day length and a freshwater migration index to OtsClock1b PolyQ domain variation using regression trees and found that day length at spawning explains much of the variation in OtsClock1b allele frequency among chum and Chinook, but not coho and pink salmon populations. Our findings suggest that OtsClock1b mediates seasonal adaptation and influences geographical variation in reproductive timing in some of these highly migratory species. C1 [O'Malley, Kathleen G.; Ford, Michael J.; Hard, Jeffrey J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP O'Malley, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM kathleen.omalley@oregonstate.edu RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 NR 39 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2010 VL 277 IS 1701 BP 3703 EP 3714 DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0762 PG 12 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 678EB UT WOS:000284054700002 PM 20610428 ER PT J AU Oman, LD Plummer, DA Waugh, DW Austin, J Scinocca, JF Douglass, AR Salawitch, RJ Canty, T Akiyoshi, H Bekki, S Braesicke, P Butchart, N Chipperfield, MP Cugnet, D Dhomse, S Eyring, V Frith, S Hardiman, SC Kinnison, DE Lamarque, JF Mancini, E Marchand, M Michou, M Morgenstern, O Nakamura, T Nielsen, JE Olivie, D Pitari, G Pyle, J Rozanov, E Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Stolarski, RS Teyssedre, H Tian, W Yamashita, Y Ziemke, JR AF Oman, L. D. Plummer, D. A. Waugh, D. W. Austin, J. Scinocca, J. F. Douglass, A. R. Salawitch, R. J. Canty, T. Akiyoshi, H. Bekki, S. Braesicke, P. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. P. Cugnet, D. Dhomse, S. Eyring, V. Frith, S. Hardiman, S. C. Kinnison, D. E. Lamarque, J. -F. Mancini, E. Marchand, M. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Nakamura, T. Nielsen, J. E. Olivie, D. Pitari, G. Pyle, J. Rozanov, E. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Stolarski, R. S. Teyssedre, H. Tian, W. Yamashita, Y. Ziemke, J. R. TI Multimodel assessment of the factors driving stratospheric ozone evolution over the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; DOUBLED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TECHNICAL NOTE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DATA RECORD; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS AB The evolution of stratospheric ozone from 1960 to 2100 is examined in simulations from 14 chemistry-climate models, driven by prescribed levels of halogens and greenhouse gases. There is general agreement among the models that total column ozone reached a minimum around year 2000 at all latitudes, projected to be followed by an increase over the first half of the 21st century. In the second half of the 21st century, ozone is projected to continue increasing, level off, or even decrease depending on the latitude. Separation into partial columns above and below 20 hPa reveals that these latitudinal differences are almost completely caused by differences in the model projections of ozone in the lower stratosphere. At all latitudes, upper stratospheric ozone increases throughout the 21st century and is projected to return to 1960 levels well before the end of the century, although there is a spread among models in the dates that ozone returns to specific historical values. We find decreasing halogens and declining upper atmospheric temperatures, driven by increasing greenhouse gases, contribute almost equally to increases in upper stratospheric ozone. In the tropical lower stratosphere, an increase in upwelling causes a steady decrease in ozone through the 21st century, and total column ozone does not return to 1960 levels in most of the models. In contrast, lower stratospheric and total column ozone in middle and high latitudes increases during the 21st century, returning to 1960 levels well before the end of the century in most models. C1 [Oman, L. D.; Douglass, A. R.; Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.; Stolarski, R. S.; Ziemke, J. R.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Austin, J.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] UPMC, LATMOS IPSL, F-75252 Paris, France. [Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Laquila, Italy. [Michou, M.; Olivie, D.; Teyssedre, H.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder 9352, New Zealand. [Plummer, D. A.; Scinocca, J. F.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ziemke, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Rozanov, E.] ETHZ, IAC, Zurich, Switzerland. [Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Oman, LD (reprint author), NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM luke.d.oman@nasa.gov RI Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; OI Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740 FU NASA MAP; ACMAP; Aura programs; NSF; Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071, A-0903]; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; European Commission FX This research was supported by the NASA MAP, ACMAP, and Aura programs and the NSF Large-scale Climate Dynamics program. We thank Susan Strahan for very helpful comments on this manuscript, and we thank three anonymous reviewers for thoughtful, constructive reviews of the submitted paper. We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity of the WCRP SPARC project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity and the British Atmospheric Data Centre for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model outputs. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071 and A-0903), and simulations were completed with the supercomputer at CGER, NIES. The MRI simulation was made with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. The contribution from the Met Office Hadley Centre was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101). The contribution from the LATMOS-IPSL was supported by the European Commission through the funding of the RECONCILE and GEOMON projects. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 69 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D24306 DI 10.1029/2010JD014362 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 699CR UT WOS:000285642000006 ER PT J AU Stephens, GL L'Ecuyer, T Forbes, R Gettelman, A Golaz, JC Bodas-Salcedo, A Suzuki, K Gabriel, P Haynes, J AF Stephens, Graeme L. L'Ecuyer, Tristan Forbes, Richard Gettelman, Andrew Golaz, Jean-Christophe Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro Suzuki, Kentaroh Gabriel, Philip Haynes, John TI Dreary state of precipitation in global models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE; PROFILING ALGORITHM; TRMM PRECIPITATION; RAIN; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY; EVENTS; RADAR AB New, definitive measures of precipitation frequency provided by CloudSat are used to assess the realism of global model precipitation. The character of liquid precipitation (defined as a combination of accumulation, frequency, and intensity) over the global oceans is significantly different from the character of liquid precipitation produced by global weather and climate models. Five different models are used in this comparison representing state-of-the-art weather prediction models, state-of-the-art climate models, and the emerging high-resolution global cloud "resolving" models. The differences between observed and modeled precipitation are larger than can be explained by observational retrieval errors or by the inherent sampling differences between observations and models. We show that the time integrated accumulations of precipitation produced by models closely match observations when globally composited. However, these models produce precipitation approximately twice as often as that observed and make rainfall far too lightly. This finding reinforces similar findings from other studies based on surface accumulated rainfall measurements. The implications of this dreary state of model depiction of the real world are discussed. C1 [Stephens, Graeme L.; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Suzuki, Kentaroh; Gabriel, Philip] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Forbes, Richard] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Haynes, John] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Stephens, GL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836 FU NASA [NAG5-11475]; NOAA [NA17RJ1228 193]; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; MEXT; JST FX Aspects of this work have been supported both under NASA grant NAG5-11475 and NOAA grant NA17RJ1228 193. A. Bodas-Salcedo was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101). NICAM simulations have been performed on the Earth Simulator with financial supports by MEXT/RR2002 project, MEXT/Innovative Program of Climate Change Projection for the 21st Century and JST/CREST. NR 41 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D24211 DI 10.1029/2010JD014532 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 699CR UT WOS:000285642000008 ER PT J AU Tomita, H Kako, S Cronin, MF Kubota, M AF Tomita, Hiroyuki Kako, Shin'ichiro Cronin, Meghan F. Kubota, Masahisa TI Preconditioning of the wintertime mixed layer at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; OCEAN AB Summertime surface heat flux and upper ocean state in 2004, 2005, and 2006 obtained from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy were investigated, focusing on the summertime preconditioning of the following winter's mixed layer. Summertime net shortwave radiation at the surface shows large year-to-year variations that resulted in anomalous heating in 2005 and anomalous cooling in 2006. Covariation of the surface heat flux and upper ocean stratification was found and suggests that year-to-year variations of summertime heat flux induce corresponding changes in the near surface stratification. Cold core rings, observed in 2006, tend to intensify both the near surface (< 100 m depth) density stratification and the density stratification below the seasonal thermocline (> 100 m depth). Lateral and vertical heat fluxes evaluated from the imbalance between the observed heat storage rate and the net heat flux and entrainment also have a significant role in determination of upper ocean stratification and can intensify year-to-year variation of the mixed layer. The physical mechanism that determines the precondition of the next winter mixed layer can change each year. In 2005, near surface stratification induced by anomalous summertime heating has a dominant role compared to deeper stratification. On the other hand, in 2006, the much deeper stratification below the seasonal thermocline (> 100 m depth) associated with cold core rings contributes to make the maximum vertical density stratification. C1 [Tomita, Hiroyuki] Japan Agcy Marine & Earth Sci Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kako, Shin'ichiro] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Kubota, Masahisa] Tokai Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Shizuoka 4248601, Japan. RP Tomita, H (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine & Earth Sci Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM tomitah@jamstec.go.jp FU JAXA; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX This research was partly supported by JAXA. Satellite microwave radiometer data from all DMSP/SSMIs, TRMM/TMI, and Aqua/AMSR-E are provided by Remote Sensing Systems. The altimeter products were produced by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12053 DI 10.1029/2010JC006373 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 699DA UT WOS:000285642900008 ER PT J AU Loto'aniu, TM Singer, HJ Waters, CL Angelopoulos, V Mann, IR Elkington, SR Bonnell, JW AF Loto'aniu, T. M. Singer, H. J. Waters, C. L. Angelopoulos, V. Mann, I. R. Elkington, S. R. Bonnell, J. W. TI Relativistic electron loss due to ultralow frequency waves and enhanced outward radial diffusion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; QUASI-LINEAR DIFFUSION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; BELT ELECTRONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; RESONANT INTERACTION; MAGNETIC STORMS; FIELD; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOPAUSE AB Using the THEMIS and GOES satellites and ground-based magnetometers, the loss of outer zone radiation belt electrons through the magnetopause in response to ultralow frequency (ULF) waves is examined. A 2 orders of magnitude decrease in >2 MeV electron flux observed at geosynchronous orbit, starting at 00 UT on 25 June 2008, is attributed to a rapid (1-4 h) nonadiabatic loss process. ULF waves were observed by the THEMIS-A, -D, and -E probes in the afternoon-to-dusk sector from the magnetopause to geosynchronous altitude. Estimates of the electron resonant energies indicate strong drift resonant interactions occurring between the energetic electrons and the observed waves. The rate of outward radial diffusion was estimated for MeV electrons using the observed ULF wave azimuthal electric field and compressional magnetic field and the diffusion time (similar to 2.5 h) was found to be in good agreement with the observed time for nonadiabatic flux decreases at geosynchronous orbit. The magnetopause was compressed inside of its nominal position because of increased solar wind dynamic pressure. The electron loss is interpreted as a combination of magnetopause shadowing (from the compressed magnetosphere) and enhanced outward diffusion from ULF wave-particle drift resonant interactions. The enhanced day-night asymmetry of the MeV electron drift path from the compression suggests that enhanced losses may have also occurred around local noon as well as in the afternoon-to-dusk sector. C1 [Loto'aniu, T. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Loto'aniu, T. M.; Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bonnell, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Elkington, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Waters, C. L.] Univ Newcastle, Ctr Space Phys, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. [Loto'aniu, T. M.; Singer, H. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Loto'aniu, TM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM paul.lotoaniu@noaa.gov RI Waters, Colin/B-3086-2011 OI Waters, Colin/0000-0003-2121-6962 FU NOAA GOES-R risk reduction program; NASA [NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; CSA FX This study was funded by the NOAA GOES-R risk reduction program. Work at IGPP-UCLA was supported by NASA THEMIS grant NAS5-02099. We thank Terry Onsager, Janet Green, Juan Rodriguez, Jonathan Rae, Louis Ozeke, and Josh Rigler for helpful discussions. We also thank Terry Onsager for his work in preparing the GOES energetic particle data. We thank K. H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. CARSIMA is the magnetometer element of the Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) project and funded by the CSA. NR 64 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12245 DI 10.1029/2010JA015755 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 699BQ UT WOS:000285639300008 ER PT J AU Takahashi, K Bonnell, J Glassmeier, KH Angelopoulos, V Singer, HJ Chi, PJ Denton, RE Nishimura, Y Lee, DH Nose, M Liu, W AF Takahashi, Kazue Bonnell, John Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz Angelopoulos, Vassilis Singer, Howard J. Chi, Peter J. Denton, Richard E. Nishimura, Yukitoshi Lee, Dong-Hun Nose, Masahito Liu, Wenlong TI Multipoint observation of fast mode waves trapped in the dayside plasmasphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDE PI2 PULSATIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; ULF WAVES; MAGNETOSONIC EIGENOSCILLATIONS; CAVITY RESONANCE; MASS DENSITY; BOW SHOCK; AMPTE-CCE; AXISYMMETRICAL MAGNETOSPHERE AB Multipoint observations of a dayside Pc4 pulsation event provide evidence of fast mode waves trapped in the plasmasphere (plasmaspheric cavity mode or virtual resonance). Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)-A, the primary source of data for the present study, was moving outward near noon and detected poloidal oscillations, characterized by the azimuthal electric field component E-y and the radial and compressional magnetic field components B-x and B-z. The structure of the plasmasphere was constructed from the mass density radial profile estimated from the frequency of toroidal standing Alfven waves observed at this spacecraft. The outer edge of the plasmapause (the maximum of the equatorial Alfven velocity V-Aeq) was located at L similar to 7, and the minimum of V-Aeq was located at L similar to 4, forming a potential well structure required for mode trapping. Relative to the ground magnetic pulsations observed in the H component at a low-latitude station (L = 1.5), the E-y component exhibited a broad amplitude maximum around L similar to 3.5 and maintained a nearly constant phase from L = 2 to L = 5. In contrast, the B-z component exhibited an amplitude minimum and switched its phase by 180 degrees at L = 3.8. This radial mode structure is consistent with theoretical models of mode trapping. Also, the E-y and B-z components oscillated +/- 90 degrees out of phase, as is expected for radially standing waves. C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Chi, Peter J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bonnell, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Denton, Richard E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Lee, Dong-Hun] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Liu, Wenlong] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Nishimura, Yukitoshi] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nose, Masahito] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Singer, Howard J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu RI Liu, Wenlong/G-5585-2013; Nose, Masahito/B-1900-2015 OI Liu, Wenlong/0000-0001-7991-5067; Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588 FU NASA [NAS5-02099]; NSF [ATM-0632740, ATM-0750689, ATM 0751007]; German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50QP0402]; WCU [R31-10016, KRF-2008-313-C00375] FX This work was supported by NASA contract NAS5-02099 as well as NSF grants ATM-0632740, ATM-0750689, and ATM 0751007. KHG acknowledges financial support by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt through grant 50QP0402. DHL was supported by the WCU grant R31-10016 and KRF-2008-313-C00375. Kakioka Observatory provided ground magnetometer data. NR 86 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12247 DI 10.1029/2010JA015956 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 699BQ UT WOS:000285639300014 ER PT J AU Xu, F Zhang, HY Ilavsky, J Stanciu, L Ho, D Justice, MJ Petrache, HI Xie, JA AF Xu, Fan Zhang, Hang Yu Ilavsky, Jan Stanciu, Lia Ho, Derek Justice, Matthew J. Petrache, Horia I. Xie, Jian TI Investigation of a Catalyst Ink Dispersion Using Both Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Cryogenic TEM SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL; PERFLUOROSULFONATED IONOMERS; MEMBRANES; NAFION AB The dispersion of Nation ionomer particles and Pt/C catalyst aggregates in liquid media was studied using both ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and cryogenic TEM. A systematic approach was taken to study first the dispersion of each component (i.e., ionomer particles and Pt/C aggregates), then the combination of the components, and last the catalyst ink. Multiple-level curve fitting was used to extract the particle size, size distribution, and geometry of the Pt/C aggregates and the Nation particles in liquid media from the scattering data. The results suggest that the particle size, size distribution, and geometry are not uniform throughout the systems but rather vary significantly. It was found that the interaction of each component (i.e., the Nation ionomer particles and the Pt/C aggregates) occurs in the dispersion. Cryogenic TEM was used to observe the size and geometry of the particles in liquid directly and to validate the scattering results. The TEM results showed excellent agreement. C1 [Xu, Fan; Xie, Jian] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Justice, Matthew J.; Petrache, Horia I.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Zhang, Hang Yu; Stanciu, Lia] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stanciu, Lia] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ho, Derek] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xie, JA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM jianxie@iupui.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; Xu, Fan/L-1114-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 24 BP 19199 EP 19208 DI 10.1021/la1028228 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 693IL UT WOS:000285217700085 PM 21090580 ER PT J AU Christie, MR Tissot, BN Albins, MA Beets, JP Jia, YL Ortiz, DM Thompson, SE Hixon, MA AF Christie, Mark R. Tissot, Brian N. Albins, Mark A. Beets, James P. Jia, Yanli Ortiz, Delisse M. Thompson, Stephen E. Hixon, Mark A. TI Larval Connectivity in an Effective Network of Marine Protected Areas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISH; ZEBRASOMA-FLAVESCENS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; YELLOW TANG; POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; RETENTION; ACANTHURIDAE; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL AB Acceptance of marine protected areas (MPAs) as fishery and conservation tools has been hampered by lack of direct evidence that MPAs successfully seed unprotected areas with larvae of targeted species. For the first time, we present direct evidence of large-scale population connectivity within an existing and effective network of MPAs. A new parentage analysis identified four parent-offspring pairs from a large, exploited population of the coral-reef fish Zebrasoma flavescens in Hawai'i, revealing larval dispersal distances ranging from 15 to 184 km. In two cases, successful dispersal was from an MPA to unprotected sites. Given high adult abundances, the documentation of any parent-offspring pairs demonstrates that ecologically-relevant larval connectivity between reefs is substantial. All offspring settled at sites to the north of where they were spawned. Satellite altimetry and oceanographic models from relevant time periods indicated a cyclonic eddy that created prevailing northward currents between sites where parents and offspring were found. These findings empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of MPAs as useful conservation and management tools and further highlight the importance of coupling oceanographic, genetic, and ecological data to predict, validate and quantify larval connectivity among marine populations. C1 [Christie, Mark R.; Albins, Mark A.; Hixon, Mark A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tissot, Brian N.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA USA. [Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Jia, Yanli] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ortiz, Delisse M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highly Migratory Species Management Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Thompson, Stephen E.] Marine Environm Res, Kailua, HI USA. RP Christie, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM christim@science.oregonstate.edu RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; FU Conservation International; Marine Environmental Research; National Science Foundation [05-50709, 08-51162]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association FX This work was supported by grants from Conservation International (MAH), Marine Environmental Research (MAH, JPB, and BNT), and Jim and Kayla Paul (MAH), with supplemental funding from the National Science Foundation (05-50709, 08-51162) (MAH). YJ was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association through a grant to the International Pacific Research Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 88 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15715 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015715 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698EY UT WOS:000285576900036 PM 21203576 ER PT J AU Griffith, WC Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Griffith, W. Clark Knappe, Svenja Kitching, John TI Femtotesla atomic magnetometry in a microfabricated vapor cell SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB We describe an optically pumped Rb-87 magnetometer with 5 fT/Hz(1/2) sensitivity when operated in the spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) regime. The magnetometer uses a microfabricated vapor cell consisting of a cavity etched in a 1 mm thick silicon wafer with anodically bonded Pyrex windows. The measurement volume of the magnetometer is 1 mm(3), defined by the overlap region of a circularly polarized pump laser and a linearly polarized probe laser, both operated near 795 nm. Sensitivity limitations unique to the use of microfabricated cells are discussed. (C)2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Griffith, W. Clark; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knappe, Svenja] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Griffith, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Subat Phys Grp P 25, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wclarkg@gmail.com OI Kitching, John/0000-0002-4540-1954; Griffith, William Clark/0000-0002-0260-1956 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; NIST FX Thanks to Susan Schima for help with vapor cell fabrication, and to Jan Preusser, Ricardo Jimenez-Martinez, and Rahul Mhaskar for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and NIST. This work is a partial contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 20 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 26 BP 27167 EP 27172 DI 10.1364/OE.18.027167 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 698HF UT WOS:000285584200005 PM 21196993 ER PT J AU Trivedi, RP Lee, T Bertness, KA Smalyukh, II AF Trivedi, Rahul P. Lee, Taewoo Bertness, Kris A. Smalyukh, Ivan I. TI Three dimensional optical manipulation and structural imaging of soft materials by use of laser tweezers and multimodal nonlinear microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; ANISOTROPIC FLUIDS; COLLOIDAL INTERACTIONS; POLARIZING MICROSCOPY; TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS; LINE TENSION; MICROMANIPULATION; ORDER; SPECTROSCOPY AB We develop an integrated system of holographic optical trapping and multimodal nonlinear microscopy and perform simultaneous three-dimensional optical manipulation and non-invasive structural imaging of composite soft-matter systems. We combine different nonlinear microscopy techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, multi-photon excitation fluorescence and multi-harmonic generation, and use them for visualization of long-range molecular order in soft materials by means of their polarized excitation and detection. The combined system enables us to accomplish manipulation in composite soft materials such as colloidal inclusions in liquid crystals as well as imaging of each separate constituents of the composite material in different nonlinear optical modalities. We also demonstrate optical generation and control of topological defects and simultaneous reconstruction of their three-dimensional long-range molecular orientational patterns from the nonlinear optical images. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Trivedi, Rahul P.; Lee, Taewoo; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trivedi, Rahul P.; Lee, Taewoo; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Trivedi, RP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966 FU Renewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative; University of Colorado; International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, DMR-0847782] FX This work was supported by the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative, the University of Colorado Innovation Seed Grant Program, International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, and DMR-0847782. We acknowledge discussions with Noel Clark, Paul Ackerman, David Engstrom, Zhiyuan Qi, Bohdan Senyuk, and Mike Varney. NR 62 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 20 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 26 BP 27658 EP 27669 DI 10.1364/OE.18.027658 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 698HF UT WOS:000285584200075 PM 21197040 ER PT J AU Zhang, R AF Zhang, Rong TI Northward intensification of anthropogenically forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MODELS; OCEAN AB Extensive modeling studies show that changes in the anthropogenic forcing due to increasing greenhouse gases might lead to a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in the 21st century, but the AMOC weakening estimated in most previous modeling studies is in depth space. Using a coupled ocean atmosphere model (GFDL CM2.1), this paper shows that in density space, the anthropogenically forced AMOC changes over the 21st century are intensified at northern high latitudes (nearly twice of those at lower latitudes) due to changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation. In contrast, anthropogenically forced AMOC changes are much smaller in depth space at the same northern high latitudes. Hence projecting AMOC changes in depth space would lead to a significant underestimation of AMOC changes associated with changes in the NADW formation. The result suggests that monitoring AMOC changes at northern high latitudes in density space might reveal much larger signals than those at lower latitudes. The simulated AMOC changes in density space under anthropogenic forcing can not be distinguished from that induced by natural AMOC variability for at least the first 20 years of the 21st century, although the signal can be detected over a much longer period. Citation: Zhang, R. (2010), Northward intensification of anthropogenically forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045054. C1 NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L24603 DI 10.1029/2010GL045054 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 696SQ UT WOS:000285462100001 ER PT J AU Walsh, AP Rae, IJ Fazakerley, AN Murphy, KR Mann, IR Watt, CEJ Volwerk, M Forsyth, C Singer, HJ Donovan, EF Zhang, TL AF Walsh, A. P. Rae, I. J. Fazakerley, A. N. Murphy, K. R. Mann, I. R. Watt, C. E. J. Volwerk, M. Forsyth, C. Singer, H. J. Donovan, E. F. Zhang, T. L. TI Comprehensive ground-based and in situ observations of substorm expansion phase onset SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STAR; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; AURORAL SUBSTORM; IMAGE SPACECRAFT; PI2 PULSATIONS; CLUSTER; BOUNDARY; ELECTRON; MISSION AB In this paper, we present comprehensive ground-based and space-based in situ geosynchronous observations of a substorm expansion phase onset on 1 October 2005. The Double Star TC-2 and GOES-12 spacecraft were both located within the substorm current wedge during the substorm expansion phase onset, which occurred over the Canadian sector. We find that an onset of ULF waves in space was observed after onset on the ground by extending the AWESOME timing algorithm into space. Furthermore, a population of low-energy field-aligned electrons was detected by the TC-2 PEACE instrument contemporaneous with the ULF waves in space. These electrons appear to be associated with an enhancement of field-aligned Poynting flux into the ionosphere which is large enough to power visible auroral displays. The observations are most consistent with a near-Earth initiation of substorm expansion phase onset, such as the Near-Geosynchronous Onset (NGO) substorm scenario. A lack of data from further downtail, however, means other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. C1 [Walsh, A. P.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Forsyth, C.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Donovan, E. F.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Rae, I. J.; Murphy, K. R.; Mann, I. R.; Watt, C. E. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Volwerk, M.; Zhang, T. L.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Walsh, AP (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM apw@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Watt, Clare/C-5218-2008; Forsyth, Colin/E-4159-2010; Walsh, Andrew/E-6701-2011; Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013 OI Walsh, Andrew/0000-0002-1682-1212; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155; Watt, Clare/0000-0003-3193-8993; Forsyth, Colin/0000-0002-0026-8395; FU UK STFC [PP/E/001173/1]; Royal Astronomical Society; CSA FX APW, ANF, and CF acknowledge funding from UK STFC grant PP/E/001173/1, and APW also acknowledges the Royal Astronomical Society for partially funding this work. IJR, IRM, and CEJW are funded by the CSA. The authors acknowledge the Double Star and FGM and PEACE instrument teams for provision of the TC-2 data; CARISMA and CANMOS magnetometer data were downloaded from the Canadian Space Science Data Portal (http://www.cssdp.ca). NORSTAR MSP data were provided by the University of Calgary. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 18 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00I13 DI 10.1029/2010JA015748 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 696VQ UT WOS:000285469900005 ER PT J AU Riffault, V Clark, JM Hansen, JC Ravishankara, AR Burkholder, JB AF Riffault, Veronique Clark, Jared M. Hansen, Jaron C. Ravishankara, A. R. Burkholder, James B. TI Temperature-Dependent Rate Coefficients and Theoretical Calculations for the OH+Cl2O Reaction SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry; chlorine oxides; density functional calculations; gas-phase reactions; kinetics ID PLUS CLO REACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; AB-INITIO; OH; PATHWAYS; KINETICS; ISOMERS; SPECTRA; CL2O AB Rate coefficients k for the OH+Cl2O reaction are measured as a function of temperature (230-370 K) and pressure by using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser-induced fluorescence to monitor their loss under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH. The reaction rate coefficient is found to be independent of pressure, within the precision of our measurements at 30-100 Torr (He) and 100 Torr (N-2). The rate coefficients obtained at 100 Torr (He) showed a negative temperature dependence with a weak non-Arrhenius behavior. A room-temperature rate coefficient of k(1)(297 K)=(7.5 +/- 1.1) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) is obtained, where the quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Theoretical methods are used to examine OH center dot center dot center dot OCl2 and OH center dot center dot center dot ClOCl adduct formation and the potential-energy surfaces leading to the HOCl+ClO (1a) and Cl+HOOCl (1d) products in reaction (1) at the hybrid density functional UMPW1K/6-311++G(2df,p) level of theory. The OH center dot center dot center dot OCl2 and OH center dot center dot center dot ClOCl adducts are found to have binding energies of about 0.2 kcal mol(-1). The reaction is calculated to proceed through weak pre-reactive complexes. Transition-state energies for channels (1a) and (1d) are calculated to be about 1.4 and about 3.3 kcal mol(-1) above the energy of the reactants. The results from the present study are compared with previously reported rate coefficients, and the interpretation of the possible non-Arrhenius behavior is discussed. C1 [Riffault, Veronique; Ravishankara, A. R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Riffault, Veronique] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riffault, Veronique] Ecole Mines, Dept Chim & Environm, F-59508 Douai, France. [Clark, Jared M.; Hansen, Jaron C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI RIFFAULT, Veronique/A-2921-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI RIFFAULT, Veronique/0000-0001-5572-0871; FU NOAA; NASA FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition Research Program. We are grateful to Georges Le Bras, Philippe Mirabel, and Robert Lesclaux for their friendship and contributions to atmospheric chemistry over the years. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC 17 PY 2010 VL 11 IS 18 SI SI BP 4060 EP 4068 DI 10.1002/cphc.201000420 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 693XG UT WOS:000285258100028 PM 20960492 ER PT J AU Baldwin, ZH Orr, JW AF Baldwin, Zachary H. Orr, James Wilder TI A New Species of the Snailfish Genus Paraliparis (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Eastern Bering Sea SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID TELEOSTEI; PISCES AB A new species of the liparid genus Paraliparis is described from the eastern Bering Sea. Paraliparis penicillus, new species, described from six specimens, differs from its North Pacific congeners in having the following combination of characters: deep, rounded head; simple teeth; high tooth-row count; triangular opercular flap directed posterodorsally; gill slit located entirely above pectoral fin or reaching to rays 3-4; low lower pectoral-fin-lobe ray count; black peritoneum; pale stomach; absence of prickles on skin. Specimens were collected from depths of 722-1003 m during bottom trawling operations. C1 [Orr, James Wilder] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baldwin, Zachary H.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ichthyol, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM zbaldwin@amnh.org; James.Orr@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 17 PY 2010 IS 4 BP 640 EP 643 DI 10.1643/CI-09-228 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700KX UT WOS:000285738800013 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Wang, Y Zhang, N Li, XF AF Shen, Xinyong Wang, Yi Zhang, Nan Li, Xiaofan TI Precipitation and cloud statistics in the deep tropical convective regime SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RAINFALL PROCESSES; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; TOGA COARE; PHASE-III; MICROPHYSICS; MODEL; WATER AB Precipitation and cloud statistics in the deep tropical convective regime is investigated through the analysis of grid-scale data from a two-dimensional, cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is forced by large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea surface temperature observed and derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment. The analysis is conducted by categorizing the grid-scale data into eight rainfall types based on precipitation processes: Water vapor convergence, local vapor change, and hydrometeor change/convergence. Among the eight rainfall types, the rainfall with local atmospheric drying, water vapor divergence, and hydrometeor loss/convergence has the largest contribution (30.8%) to the total rainfall because of large rainfall coverage (35.3%). The hydrometeor loss is mainly caused by water clouds through precipitation and the evaporation of rain. For the three other rainfall types with water vapor divergence, each rainfall type contributes to the total rainfall by less than 5%. Of the total rainfall, 61% is attributed to the four rainfall types with water vapor convergence. Although the rainfall with local atmospheric drying, water vapor convergence, and hydrometeor loss/convergence shows the largest surface rain rate (27.8 mm h(-1)), it only accounts for a small part (10%) of the total rainfall due to its small rainfall coverage (1.2%). For the three other rainfall types with water vapor convergence, each rainfall type contributes to the total rainfall by 14-19%. The grid-scale precipitation statistics are significantly different from the model domain mean precipitation statistics found by Shen et al. (2010), suggesting a spatial-scale dependence of precipitation statistics. C1 [Shen, Xinyong; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Nan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM sxydr@126.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2009CB421503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest [41075039, GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China [2009] FX The authors thank W. -K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model, M. Zhang at SUNY, Stony Brook for his TOGA COARE forcing data, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant 2009CB421503, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40775033, the Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grants 41075039 and GYHY200806009, and the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant 2009. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D24205 DI 10.1029/2010JD014481 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696TB UT WOS:000285463200006 ER PT J AU Wallace, BP DiMatteo, AD Hurley, BJ Finkbeiner, EM Bolten, AB Chaloupka, MY Hutchinson, BJ Abreu-Grobois, FA Amorocho, D Bjorndal, KA Bourjea, J Bowen, BW Duenas, RB Casale, P Choudhury, BC Costa, A Dutton, PH Fallabrino, A Girard, A Girondot, M Godfrey, MH Hamann, M Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M Marcovaldi, MA Mortimer, JA Musick, JA Nel, R Pilcher, NJ Seminoff, JA Troeng, S Witherington, B Mast, RB AF Wallace, Bryan P. DiMatteo, Andrew D. Hurley, Brendan J. Finkbeiner, Elena M. Bolten, Alan B. Chaloupka, Milani Y. Hutchinson, Brian J. Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F. Amorocho, Diego Bjorndal, Karen A. Bourjea, Jerome Bowen, Brian W. Briseno Duenas, Raquel Casale, Paolo Choudhury, B. C. Costa, Alice Dutton, Peter H. Fallabrino, Alejandro Girard, Alexandre Girondot, Marc Godfrey, Matthew H. Hamann, Mark Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros Marcovaldi, Maria Angela Mortimer, Jeanne A. Musick, John A. Nel, Ronel Pilcher, Nicolas J. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Troeng, Sebastian Witherington, Blair Mast, Roderic B. TI Regional Management Units for Marine Turtles: A Novel Framework for Prioritizing Conservation and Research across Multiple Scales SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GREEN TURTLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SATELLITE TRACKING AB Background: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different segments of a population of the same species. Therefore, integration of multiple tools and techniques - including site-based monitoring, genetic analyses, mark-recapture studies and telemetry - can facilitate robust definitions of population segments at multiple biological and spatial scales to address different management and research challenges. Methodology/Principal Findings: To address these issues for marine turtles, we collated all available studies on marine turtle biogeography, including nesting sites, population abundances and trends, population genetics, and satellite telemetry. We georeferenced this information to generate separate layers for nesting sites, genetic stocks, and core distributions of population segments of all marine turtle species. We then spatially integrated this information from fine-to coarse-spatial scales to develop nested envelope models, or Regional Management Units (RMUs), for marine turtles globally. Conclusions/Significance: The RMU framework is a solution to the challenge of how to organize marine turtles into units of protection above the level of nesting populations, but below the level of species, within regional entities that might be on independent evolutionary trajectories. Among many potential applications, RMUs provide a framework for identifying data gaps, assessing high diversity areas for multiple species and genetic stocks, and evaluating conservation status of marine turtles. Furthermore, RMUs allow for identification of geographic barriers to gene flow, and can provide valuable guidance to marine spatial planning initiatives that integrate spatial distributions of protected species and human activities. In addition, the RMU framework - including maps and supporting metadata - will be an iterative, user-driven tool made publicly available in an online application for comments, improvements, download and analysis. C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.; DiMatteo, Andrew D.; Hurley, Brendan J.; Finkbeiner, Elena M.; Bolten, Alan B.; Chaloupka, Milani Y.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.; Amorocho, Diego; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bourjea, Jerome; Bowen, Brian W.; Briseno Duenas, Raquel; Casale, Paolo; Choudhury, B. C.; Costa, Alice; Dutton, Peter H.; Fallabrino, Alejandro; Girard, Alexandre; Girondot, Marc; Godfrey, Matthew H.; Hamann, Mark; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros; Marcovaldi, Maria Angela; Mortimer, Jeanne A.; Musick, John A.; Nel, Ronel; Pilcher, Nicolas J.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Troeng, Sebastian; Witherington, Blair; Mast, Roderic B.] IUCN, SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Grp, Burning Issues Working Grp, Arlington, VA USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.; Hurley, Brendan J.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Troeng, Sebastian; Mast, Roderic B.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.; Finkbeiner, Elena M.] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA. [DiMatteo, Andrew D.] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Chaloupka, Milani Y.] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Amorocho, Diego] Ctr Invest Medio Ambiente & Desarrollo, Cali, Colombia. [Bourjea, Jerome] IFREMER, Lab Ressources Halieut, Le Port, Reunion. [Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA. [Briseno Duenas, Raquel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Mazatlan, Banco Informac Tortugas Marinas BITMAR, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Casale, Paolo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol Charles Darwin, Rome, Italy. [Casale, Paolo] World Wildlife Fund Italy, World Wildlife Fund Mediterranean Turtle Programm, Rome, Italy. [Choudhury, B. C.] Wildlife Inst India, Dept Endangered Species Management, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India. [Costa, Alice] World Wildlife Fund Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique. [Fallabrino, Alejandro] Karumbe, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Girard, Alexandre] Assoc RENATURA, Albens, France. [Girondot, Marc] Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, Orsay, France. [Godfrey, Matthew H.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Beaufort, NC USA. [Hamann, Mark] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros; Marcovaldi, Maria Angela] Fundacao Pro Tamar, Projeto Tamar ICMBio, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nel, Ronel] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Pilcher, Nicolas J.] Marine Res Fdn, Sabah, Malaysia. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Troeng, Sebastian] Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Troeng, Sebastian] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Sci Advisory Comm, Gainesville, FL USA. [Witherington, Blair] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA. RP Wallace, BP (reprint author), IUCN, SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Grp, Burning Issues Working Grp, Arlington, VA USA. EM b.wallace@conservation.org RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017; OI Mortimer, Jeanne A./0000-0001-6318-2890; Girondot, Marc/0000-0001-6645-8530; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901; CASALE, PAOLO/0000-0003-2534-6158; Bourjea, Jerome/0000-0001-7149-3648; Hamann, Mark/0000-0003-4588-7955 FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Offield Family Foundation FX This study was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Offield Family Foundation. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. MYC is employed by a commercial company that provides ecological modelling services, and his involvement in this study was partially supported by this company. However, this support in no way biased his contributions to all aspects of this study, the overall process or resulting products generated by this study. NR 59 TC 129 Z9 140 U1 8 U2 98 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e15465 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015465 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 698DS UT WOS:000285572900021 PM 21253007 ER PT J AU Ni, N Climent-Pascual, E Jia, S Huang, Q Cava, RJ AF Ni, N. Climent-Pascual, E. Jia, S. Huang, Q. Cava, R. J. TI Physical properties and magnetic structure of the layered oxyselenide La2O3Mn2Se2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTION; BA AB We report the characterization of the layered rare-earth manganese oxyselenide La2O3Mn2Se2. The susceptibility data show a broad maximum near 350 K, indicating the existence of two-dimensional (2D) short-range ordering in this compound. A sharp feature associated with a short-range to long-range antiferromagnetic phase transition is seen at 163 K. A very small heat-capacity anomaly is detected around 163 K, indicating that most of the magnetic entropy is lost during the 2D ordering process. Both crystal and magnetic structures were studied by neutron powder diffraction at 300, 200, 150, 100, and 6 K. The structure was refined in space group I4/mmm with a=4.13 939(3) angstrom and c=18.8511(2) angstrom at ambient temperature. No structural distortion was detected. The resulted magnetic structure is G-type with a propagation vector of k=(0,0,0) and an ordered magnetic moment of 4.147(28) mu(B)/Mn along c is found at 6 K. Warren peak shape analysis of the neutron-diffraction data near 22 degrees is employed to characterize the increase in correlation length in the 2D magnetic state on approaching the three-dimensional ordering transition. C1 [Ni, N.; Climent-Pascual, E.; Jia, S.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ni, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI CLIMENT-PASCUAL, ESTEBAN/B-2608-2012 FU AFOSR MURI FX The authors would like to thank S. Dutton, M. Bremholm, E. Morosan, J. Xiong, N. P. Ong, and J. M. Allred for helpful discussions. The work at Princeton was supported by the AFOSR MURI on superconductivity. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 21 AR 214419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.214419 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713PF UT WOS:000286749200002 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Key, JR Liu, YH AF Wang, Xuanji Key, Jeffrey R. Liu, Yinghui TI A thermodynamic model for estimating sea and lake ice thickness with optical satellite data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; RADIATION PROPERTIES; ARCTIC SURFACE; ENERGY BUDGET; CLOUD; FLUX; PARAMETERIZATIONS; ALBEDO; COVER; OCEAN AB Sea ice is a very important indicator and an effective modulator of regional and global climate change. Current remote sensing techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity to monitor the cryosphere routinely with relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this paper, we introduce a thermodynamic model to estimate sea and lake ice thickness with optical (visible, near-infrared, and infrared) satellite data. Comparisons of nighttime ice thickness retrievals to ice thickness measurements from upward looking submarine sonar show that this thermodynamic model is capable of retrieving ice thickness up to 2.8 m. The mean absolute error is 0.18 m for samples with a mean ice thickness of 1.62 m, i.e., an 11% mean absolute error. Comparisons with in situ Canadian stations and moored upward looking sonar measurements show similar results. Sensitivity studies indicate that the largest errors come from uncertainties in surface albedo and downward solar radiation flux estimates from satellite data, followed by uncertainties in snow depth and cloud fractional coverage. Due to the relatively large uncertainties in current satellite retrievals of surface albedo and surface downward shortwave radiation flux, the current model is not recommended for use with daytime data. For nighttime data, the model is capable of resolving regional and seasonal variations in ice thickness and is useful for climatological analysis. C1 [Wang, Xuanji; Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NOAA GOES-R AWG project; NPOESS Integrated Program Office FX We would like to thank Jinlun Zhang at the University of Washington for providing PIOMAS simulated Arctic sea ice thickness data and Zhenglong Li at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for helping read out the mooring sea ice draft data in Matlab data format. Thanks also go to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) for providing submarine ice draft data, the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) for providing station-measured Arctic sea ice thickness data, and the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (http://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre) for making mooring data available for us. Finally, we thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the earlier versions of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R AWG project and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12035 DI 10.1029/2009JC005857 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 696TY UT WOS:000285465500001 ER PT J AU Decker, SR Goldberg, RN Lang, BE Michener, W AF Decker, Stephen R. Goldberg, Robert N. Lang, Brian E. Michener, William TI Thermodynamics of the Hydrolysis Reactions of 1-Naphthyl Acetate, 4-Nitrophenyl Acetate, and 4-Nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; COMBUSTION; IONIZATION; ENTHALPIES; WATER; HEATS; NITROPHENOLS; SOLVATION; ENTROPIES; HYDRATION AB Microcalorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of the hydrolysis reactions {1-naphthyl acetate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = 1-naphthol(aq) + acetate(aq)}, {4-nitrophenyl acetate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = 4-nitrophenol(aq) + acetate(aq)}, and (4-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside(aq) + H(2)O(1) = L-arabinose(aq) + 4-nitrophenol(aq)}. Calorimetrically determined enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H/(cal) were measured for all three reactions. However, since the positions of equilibrium for all of these reactions were found to lie very far to the right, it was only possible to set lower limits for the values of the apparent equilibrium constants K'. A chemical equilibrium model, together with pKs and standard enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H degrees for the H(+) binding reactions of the reactants and products, was then used to calculate the values of Delta(r)H degrees for chemical reference reactions that correspond to the overall biochemical reactions that were studied experimentally. The values of Benson estimates of Delta(r)H degrees for the chemical reference reactions that correspond to the first of the above two reactions were, in all cases, within 16 kJ.mol(-1) of the results obtained in this study. Thermochemical network calculations led to Delta(f)H degrees = -286.4 kJ.mol(-1) for 1-napthyl acetate(aq) and Delta(f)H degrees = -364.9 kJ.mol(-1) for 4-nitrophenyl acetate(aq). C1 [Goldberg, Robert N.; Lang, Brian E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. [Decker, Stephen R.; Michener, William] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA. EM steve.decker@nrel.gov; robert.goldberg@nist.gov; brian.lang@nist.gov; william.michener@nrel.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 16060 EP 16067 DI 10.1021/jp911225s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 690GO UT WOS:000284990700003 PM 20361764 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Purdum, G Choi, J AF Reipa, Vytas Purdum, Geoffrey Choi, Jonghoon TI Measurement of Nanoparticle Concentration Using Quartz Crystal Microgravimetry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTAL QUANTUM DOTS; SILICON NANOPARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; CDSE; DELIVERY; CELLS; SI AB Various nanoscale items (e.g., nanoparticles and nanotubes) have been actively investigated due to their unique physicochemical properties. A common issue encountered in such studies is accurate expression of nanoparticle concentration. Given the critical importance of the dose-response relationship, we present the use of quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) to accurately measure nanoparticle concentration in a colloidal suspension. Application of a small drop of the nanoparticle suspension in a volatile solvent to the crystal surface leaves a dry nanoparticle residue after solvent evaporation after which the shift in the crystal resonant frequency is recorded. The instrument was calibrated using a set of serial dilutions of Si and Ag nanopowder in methanol, rhodamine B in methanol, and ferrocenc in cyclohexane. Using QCM, a linear response for nanoparticle concentrations up to 1300 mu g/mL was determined. The developed method was used to determine the concentrations of size-selected, octyl-tenninated Si nanocrystal samples with median diameters in the range 1.1-14.8 nm and also to calculate size-dependent nanocrystal extinction coefficients. C1 [Reipa, Vytas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Purdum, Geoffrey] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Choi, Jonghoon] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Choi, Jonghoon/A-7693-2011 OI Choi, Jonghoon/0000-0003-3554-7033 FU NIST FX We thank Dr. Taeho Kim for his assistance with nanoparticle HRTEM imaging and Dr. Brian Lang for thermogravimetry measurements. This work was partially supported by the NIST standard reference data program. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 16112 EP 16117 DI 10.1021/jp103861m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 690GO UT WOS:000284990700009 PM 20961086 ER PT J AU Gilson, MK Irikura, KK AF Gilson, Michael K. Irikura, Karl K. TI Symmetry Numbers for Rigid, Flexible, and Fluxional Molecules: Theory and Applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BINDING FREE-ENERGIES; NONRIGID MOLECULES; THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; PARTITION-FUNCTION; T4 LYSOZYME; BENZENE; ENTROPY; STATES AB The use of molecular simulations and ab initio calculations to predict thermodynamic properties of molecules has become routine. Such methods rely upon an accurate representation of the molecular partition function or configurational integral, which in turn often includes a rotational symmetry number. However, the reason for including the symmetry number is unclear to many practitioners, and there is also a need for a general prescription for evaluating the symmetry numbers of flexible molecules, i.e., for molecules with thermally active internal degrees of freedom, such as internal rotors. Surprisingly, we have been unable to find any complete and convincing explanations of these important issues in textbooks or the journal literature. The present paper aims to explain why symmetry numbers are needed and how their values should be determined. Both classical and quantum approaches are provided. C1 [Gilson, Michael K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Irikura, Karl K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilson, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mgilson@ucsd.edu; karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the NIH [GM061300] FX M.K.G. thanks Drs. Benjamin Killian, Joslyn Kravitz, and David Mobley for helpful discussions. The present work was supported in part by Grant Number GM061300 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIGMS or the National Institutes of Health. NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 16304 EP 16317 DI 10.1021/jp110434s PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 690GO UT WOS:000284990700033 PM 21141931 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD AF Mountain, Raymond D. TI Microstructure and Hydrogen Bonding in Water-Acetonitrile Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; LIQUID ACETONITRILE; POTENTIALS; PHASE; MODEL; CYANOMETHANE; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATION; ALGORITHM AB The connection of hydrogen bonding between water and acetonitrile in determining the microheterogeneity of the liquid mixture is examined using NPT molecular dynamics simulations. Mixtures for six, rigid, three-site models for acetonitrile and one water model (SPC/E) were simulated to determine the amount of water-acetonitrile hydrogen bonding. Only one of the six acetonitrile models (TraPPE-UA) was able to reproduce both the liquid density and the expermental estimates of hydrogen bonding derived from Raman scattering of the CN stretch band or from NMR quadrupole relaxation measurements. A simple modification of the acetonitrile model parameters for the models that provided poor estimates produced hydrogen-bonding results consistent with experiments for two of the models. Of these, only one of the modified models also accurately determined the density of the mixtures. The self-diffusion coefficient of liquid acetonitrile provided a final winnowing of the modified model and the successful, unmodified model. The unmodified model is provisionally recommended for simulations of water-acetonitrile mixtures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raymond.mountain@nist.gov NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 16460 EP 16464 DI 10.1021/jp105272q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 690GO UT WOS:000284990700052 PM 21090638 ER PT J AU Gergel-Hackett, N Aguilar, I Richter, CA AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Aguilar, Izath Richter, Curt A. TI Engineering the Electron Transport of Silicon-Based Molecular Electronic Devices via Molecular Dipoles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-FREE SI; METAL JUNCTIONS; MONOLAYERS; ALKYL; SURFACES; SI(100); SI(111) AB We demonstrate that charge transport through a CMOS-compatible molecular electronic device is dominated by one of two different transport regimes depending on the dipole of the molecular monolayer in the junction, doping level of the silicon substrate, and bias applied to the device. The two observed transport regimes are (1) a regime where the transport is limited by the Schottky barrier and the molecular dipole results in silicon band-bending at the junction interface and (2) a tunneling regime where the molecular dipole creates a small local electric field that screens the electrical transport. C1 [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Aguilar, Izath; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA. EM nadinegh@mbc.edu; curtrichter@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; National Research Council FX We thank Jim Kushmerick and Mariona Coll Bau for helpful conversations and Christina Hacker for help with molecular figures. This work was funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. The research was performed while N.G.H. held a National Research Council Research Associate Award and I.N.A. was a NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 49 BP 21708 EP 21714 DI 10.1021/jp106009k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 690GP UT WOS:000284990800110 ER PT J AU Kelly, B Whiteley, A Tallmon, D AF Kelly, Brendan Whiteley, Andrew Tallmon, David TI The Arctic melting pot SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kelly, Brendan] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Whiteley, Andrew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Tallmon, David] Univ Alaska SE, Fac Biol & Marine Biol, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kelly, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM brendan.kelly@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 12 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7326 BP 891 EP 891 DI 10.1038/468891a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695BC UT WOS:000285344600019 PM 21164461 ER PT J AU Palsson, GK Kapaklis, V Dura, JA Jacob, J Jayanetti, S Rennie, AR Hjorvarsson, B AF Palsson, Gunnar K. Kapaklis, Vassilios Dura, Joseph A. Jacob, Julie Jayanetti, Sumedha Rennie, Adrian R. Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin TI Deuterium-induced volume expansion in Fe0.5V0.5/V superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSIVE BIAXIAL STRAIN; INDUCED LATTICE EXPANSION; HYDROGEN UPTAKE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MO/V SUPERLATTICES; METALLIC SUPERLATTICES; PHASE-TRANSITION; VANADIUM; PRESSURE; GROWTH AB Neutron reflectometry was used to investigate the deuterium uptake in a thin metal superlattice that displays an anisotropic elastic response [Fe0.5V0.5/V (6/21 monolayers)]. We see evidence of the presence of a coexistence region which has never before been seen in vanadium-based superlattices. The loading process is completely reversible from which we conclude that the phases must be coherent, in stark contrast to bulk VDx, where the two-phase region displays hysteresis. The deuterium-induced volume expansion exhibits changes in slope that correlate with the plateau region and the expansion is comparable and even larger than in the bulk. The spectacular cooperation between the elastic fields seems to be found only in one-dimensionally confined structures with biaxial compressive strain states. C1 [Palsson, Gunnar K.; Kapaklis, Vassilios; Jacob, Julie; Jayanetti, Sumedha; Rennie, Adrian R.; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jayanetti, Sumedha] Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Palsson, GK (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/B-3022-2011; Kapaklis, Vassilios/A-6454-2013; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Kapaklis, Vassilios/0000-0002-6105-1659 FU Swedish research council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) FX We are grateful to Charles Majkrzak and Terrence Udovic at NIST, for valuable discussions and assistance during the neutron experiments. We are indebted to Klaus Leifer and John Timo Watjen of Uppsala, Department of Engineering Sciences for the guidance and assistance with the TEM analysis. The Swedish research council (VR) and Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) are acknowledged for financial support. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 24 AR 245424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.245424 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 715PS UT WOS:000286897000006 ER PT J AU Goldman, N Satija, I Nikolic, P Bermudez, A Martin-Delgado, MA Lewenstein, M Spielman, IB AF Goldman, N. Satija, I. Nikolic, P. Bermudez, A. Martin-Delgado, M. A. Lewenstein, M. Spielman, I. B. TI Realistic Time-Reversal Invariant Topological Insulators with Neutral Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS AB We lay out an experiment to realize time-reversal invariant topological insulators in alkali atomic gases. We introduce an original method to synthesize a gauge field in the near field of an atom chip, which effectively mimics the effects of spin-orbit coupling and produces quantum spin-Hall states. We also propose a feasible scheme to engineer sharp boundaries where the hallmark edge states are localized. Our multiband system has a large parameter space exhibiting a variety of quantum phase transitions between topological and normal insulating phases. Because of their remarkable versatility, cold-atom systems are ideally suited to realize topological states of matter and drive the development of topological quantum computing. C1 [Goldman, N.] Univ Libre Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Satija, I.; Nikolic, P.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Bermudez, A.; Martin-Delgado, M. A.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Teor 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Lewenstein, M.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, E-08860 Barcelona, Spain. [Lewenstein, M.] ICREA Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Univ Libre Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RI Bermudez, Alejandro/A-1175-2009; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014 OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800 FU ONR [N00014-09-1-1025A, 70NANB7H6138]; NIST; ARO; DARPA OLE; NSF through the PFC at JQI FX N. G. thanks the F.R.S-F.N.R.S. I. S. and P. N. are supported by ONR N00014-09-1-1025A and 70NANB7H6138, Am 001 by NIST. A. B. and M.-A. M.-D. thank FIS2009-10061, CAM QUITEMAD, FET-7 PICC, GICC-910758, and FPU. M. L. thanks FIS2008-00784, QOIT, NAMEQUAM, QUAGATUA, and the Humboldt Foundation. I. B. S. is supported by the ARO with funds from the DARPA OLE Program, and the NSF through the PFC at JQI. NR 13 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 25 AR 255302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.255302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 713QX UT WOS:000286753600008 PM 21231599 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Kishore, RB Levin, BC Albanetti, T Boire, N Knipe, A Helmerson, K Deckman, KH AF Reiner, Joseph E. Kishore, Rani B. Levin, Barbara C. Albanetti, Thomas Boire, Nicholas Knipe, Ashley Helmerson, Kristian Deckman, Koren Holland TI Detection of Heteroplasmic Mitochondrial DNA in Single Mitochondria SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; HUMAN-DISEASE; MTDNA GENOME; CELL; CHROMOSOME; MANIPULATION; ORGANIZATION; ORGANELLES; PARTICLES AB Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome mutations can lead to energy and respiratory-related disorders like myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fiber disease (MERRF), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke (MELAS) syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). It is not well understood what effect the distribution of mutated mtDNA throughout the mitochondrial matrix has on the development of mitochondrial-based disorders. Insight into this complex sub-cellular heterogeneity may further our understanding of the development of mitochondria-related diseases. Methodology: This work describes a method for isolating individual mitochondria from single cells and performing molecular analysis on that single mitochondrion's DNA. An optical tweezer extracts a single mitochondrion from a lysed human HL-60 cell. Then a micron-sized femtopipette tip captures the mitochondrion for subsequent analysis. Multiple rounds of conventional DNA amplification and standard sequencing methods enable the detection of a heteroplasmic mixture in the mtDNA from a single mitochondrion. Significance: Molecular analysis of mtDNA from the individually extracted mitochondrion demonstrates that a heteroplasmy is present in single mitochondria at various ratios consistent with the 50/50 heteroplasmy ratio found in single cells that contain multiple mitochondria. C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Kishore, Rani B.; Helmerson, Kristian] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levin, Barbara C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Albanetti, Thomas; Boire, Nicholas; Knipe, Ashley; Deckman, Koren Holland] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Chem, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.reiner@nist.gov RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 20 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 12 AR e14359 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014359 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 695OI UT WOS:000285381200009 PM 21179558 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Kar, A Quinn, TP Hooker, SA AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Kar, Aparna Quinn, Timothy P. Hooker, Stephanie A. TI Quartz Crystal Microbalances for Microscale Thermogravimetric Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WAVE MASS SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; RESONATORS; SYSTEMS; FIBERS; TEM AB A new method for analyzing the chemical purity and consistency of microscale samples with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor platform is described. The QCM is used to monitor submicrogram changes in the mass of a deposited thin film as a function of temperature, in a manner similar to that of a conventional thermogravimetric analyzer (PGA). Results correlated well with TGA measurements for a wide range of representative materials, including organic compounds, ionic detergents, oxidizing and inert powders, carbon nanotubes, and various mixtures of these samples. In each case, the sample mass was on the order of a few micrograms, compared to the need for several milligrams for conventional TGA analysis. This work illustrates the effectiveness of this approach for analysis of nanoparticles, thin films, and highly purified specimens on the microgram scale. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Kar, Aparna; Quinn, Timothy P.; Hooker, Stephanie A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hooker, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 24 BP 9977 EP 9982 DI 10.1021/ac102030z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 693HS UT WOS:000285215800003 PM 21080720 ER PT J AU Pease, LF Sorci, M Guha, S Tsai, DH Zachariah, MR Tarlov, MJ Belfort, G AF Pease, Leonard F., III Sorci, Mirco Guha, Suvajyoti Tsai, De-Hao Zachariah, Michael R. Tarlov, Michael J. Belfort, Georges TI Probing the Nucleus Model for Oligomer Formation during Insulin Amyloid Fibrillogenesis SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; FIBRIL FORMATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PROTEIN; DISEASE; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; LINK AB We find evidence for a direct transition of insulin monomers into amyloid fibrils without measurable concentrations of oligomers or protofibrils, suggesting that fibrillogenesis may occur directly from assembly of denaturing insulin monomers rather than by successive transitions through protofibril nuclei. To support our finding, we obtain size distributions using electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), which provides excellent resolution to clearly distinguish among small oligomers and rapidly generates statistically significant size distributions. The distributions detect an absence of significant peaks between 6 nm and 17 nm as the monomer reacts into fibers exactly the size range observed by others for small-angle-neutron-scattering-measured intermediates and for circular supramolecular structures. They report concentrations in the nanomolar range, whereas our limit of detection remains three-orders-of-magnitude lower (<5 pmol/L). This finding, along with the lack of significant increases in the beta-sheet content of monomers using circular dichroism, suggests monomers do not first structurally rearrange and accumulate in a beta-rich state but react and reorganize at the growing fiber's tip. These results quantitatively inform reaction-based theories of amyloid fiber formation and have implications for neurodegenerative, protein conformation ailments including Alzheimer's disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III; Guha, Suvajyoti; Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Gastroenterol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sorci, Mirco; Belfort, Georges] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY USA. [Sorci, Mirco; Belfort, Georges] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Biotechnol & Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY USA. [Guha, Suvajyoti; Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pease, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pease@eng.utah.edu; belfog@rpi.edu RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-90ER14114, DE-FG02-05ER46249]; National Science Foundation-Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team [CTS-0304055] FX We acknowledge the support of the United States Department of Energy (grant Nos. DE-FG02-90ER14114 and DE-FG02-05ER46249) and National Science Foundation-Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team (grant No. CTS-0304055) for funding. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 99 IS 12 BP 3979 EP 3985 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.010 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 696JY UT WOS:000285438900021 PM 21156140 ER PT J AU Navia, AF Cortes, E Mejia-Falla, PA AF Navia, Andres F. Cortes, Enric Mejia-Falla, Paola A. TI Topological analysis of the ecological importance of elasmobranch fishes: A food web study on the Gulf of Tortugas, Colombia SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Sharks; Skates; Rays; Food webs; Key species; Mesopredators ID SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SABLE-ISLAND; NETWORKS; SHARKS; CONNECTANCE; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; PREDATOR AB We built a trophic network based on a matrix of interspecific trophic relationships to assess the role of elasmobranch fishes in shaping community structure of the Gulf of Tortugas in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. We analyzed diet similarities to define trophic components (nodes) - rather than taxonomical groups - in the network. We evaluated the ecological function of species or trophic entities through topological analysis of their structural importance in trophic networks by applying one local and several mesoscale network indices. We found that top predatory elasmobranchs play an important ecological role in top-down control and in propagating indirect effects through the system owing to high values of the node degree, centrality and topological importance indices. However, invertebrates and teleost fishes had higher connectivity and topological importance than other elasmobranchs in the network before and after removal of top predators from the system. Results from our study thus suggest that elasmobranchs at intermediate trophic levels - commonly referred to as "mesopredators" - are not so important in all complex coastal ecosystems as previously reported. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cortes, Enric] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Navia, Andres F.; Mejia-Falla, Paola A.] SQUALUS, Fdn Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones & Ray, Cali, Colombia. [Navia, Andres F.; Mejia-Falla, Paola A.] Univ Valle, Grp Invest Ecol Anim, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Navia, Andres F.] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Programa Doctorado Ciencias Marinas, AP 592, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico. RP Cortes, E (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM enric.cortes@noaa.gov FU Universidad del Valle; COLCIENCIAS; CICIMAR; CONACYT FX We thank F. Jordan for making the FLKS 1.1 software package available for our analysis and for advice in conducting this study. AFN and PAM thank the Universidad del Valle and COLCIENCIAS, and AFN thanks the CICIMAR and CONACYT for providing funding for this study and their PhD degrees. NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 24 BP 2918 EP 2926 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel2010.09.006 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 683AO UT WOS:000284444300007 ER PT J AU Schaum, J Cohen, M Perry, S Artz, R Draxler, R Frithsen, JB Heist, D Lorber, M Phillips, L AF Schaum, John Cohen, Mark Perry, Steven Artz, Richard Draxler, Roland Frithsen, Jeffrey B. Heist, David Lorber, Matthew Phillips, Linda TI Screening Level Assessment of Risks Due to Dioxin Emissions from Burning Oil from the BP Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico Spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL SOURCE APPLICATIONS; DISPERSION MODEL; DEPOSITION; AERMOD AB Between April 28 and July 19 of 2010, the U.S. Coast Guard conducted in situ oil burns as one approach used for the management of oil spilled after the explosion and subsequent sinking of the BP Deepwater Horizon platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The purpose of this paper is to describe a screening level assessment of the exposures and risks posed by the dioxin emissions from these fires. Using upper estimates for the oil burn emission factor, modeled air and fish concentrations, and conservative exposure assumptions, the potential cancer risk was estimated for three scenarios: inhalation exposure to workers, inhalation exposure to residents on the mainland, and fish ingestion exposures to residents. U.S. EPA's AERMOD model was used to estimate air concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the oil burns and NOAA's HYSPLIT model was used to estimate more distant air concentrations and deposition rates. The lifetime incremental cancer risks were estimated as 6 x 10(-8) for inhalation by workers, 6 x 10(-12) for inhalation by onshore residents, and 6 x 10(-8) for fish consumption by residents. For all scenarios, the risk estimates represent upper bounds and actual risks would be expected to be less. C1 [Schaum, John; Frithsen, Jeffrey B.; Lorber, Matthew; Phillips, Linda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Perry, Steven; Heist, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cohen, Mark; Artz, Richard; Draxler, Roland] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schaum, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM schaum.john@epa.gov RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558 NR 30 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 24 BP 9383 EP 9389 DI 10.1021/es103559w PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 694AK UT WOS:000285266900024 PM 21073188 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Feingold, G AF Lee, Seoung-Soo Feingold, Graham TI Precipitating cloud-system response to aerosol perturbations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PART I; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATIONS; STORMS; IMPACT; MODEL AB We simulate aerosol effects on a Tropical Western Pacific mixed-phase convective cloud system of two-day duration that is well constrained by observations. This facilitates exploration of aerosol-induced changes in precipitation pathways. A 10-fold increase in aerosol produces a small (9%) increase in the simulated precipitation due to an enhancement in convective rain countering a reduction in stratiform rain. A more distinct feature is that in stratiform clouds, precipitation efficiency PE and scavenging efficiency SE decrease significantly with increasing aerosol. There is very close agreement between PE and SE both temporally and for stratiform vs. convective rain. The time required for the perturbed system to relax back to the unperturbed aerosol state is similar to 10 days, with only weak sensitivity to the magnitude of the aerosol perturbation and the modeled increase (or decrease) in precipitation. The upper tropospheric relaxation time is substantially longer, with implications for direct forcing and heterogeneous chemistry. Citation: Lee, S.-S., and G. Feingold (2010), Precipitating cloud-system response to aerosol perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23806, doi:10.1029/2010GL045596. C1 [Lee, Seoung-Soo; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, Seoung-Soo] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA FX The authors thank NOAA's Climate Goal Program for supporting this work and the HPCC for computing support. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L23806 DI 10.1029/2010GL045596 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 696SN UT WOS:000285461800002 ER PT J AU Martin, J Tritt, T Uher, C AF Martin, J. Tritt, T. Uher, C. TI High temperature Seebeck coefficient metrology SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; ABSOLUTE SCALE; THERMOPOWER MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH FIGURE; AC METHOD; RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; RAPID MEASUREMENT; GASEOUS HELIUM; MERIT AB We present an overview of the challenges and practices of thermoelectric metrology on bulk materials at high temperature (300 to 1300 K). The Seebeck coefficient, when combined with thermal and electrical conductivity, is an essential property measurement for evaluating the potential performance of novel thermoelectric materials. However, there is some question as to which measurement technique (s) provides the most accurate determination of the Seebeck coefficient at high temperature. This has led to the implementation of nonideal practices that have further complicated the confirmation of reported high ZT materials. To ensure meaningful interlaboratory comparison of data, thermoelectric measurements must be reliable, accurate, and consistent. This article will summarize and compare the relevant measurement techniques and apparatus designs required to effectively manage uncertainty, while also providing a reference resource of previous advances in high temperature thermoelectric metrology. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3503505] C1 [Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Uher, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.martin@nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC00000957]; DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; SC EPSCoR cost sharing program FX J. M. would like to thank Keith Martin and Stacy Bruss in the NIST Library for their assistance in obtaining early reference material. The work of C. U. is supported as part of the Center for Solar and Thermal Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC00000957. The work at Clemson University is supported by DOE/EPSCoR Implementation Grant (No. DE-FG02-04ER-46139) and the SC EPSCoR cost sharing program. NR 123 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 65 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 12 AR 121101 DI 10.1063/1.3503505 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 700UC UT WOS:000285768800001 ER PT J AU Tyson, TA Wu, T Woicik, JC Ravel, B Ignatov, A Zhang, CL Qin, Z Zhou, T Cheong, SW AF Tyson, T. A. Wu, T. Woicik, J. C. Ravel, B. Ignatov, A. Zhang, C. L. Qin, Z. Zhou, T. Cheong, S. -W. TI Temperature-dependent local structure of LaFeAsO1-xFx: Probing the atomic correlations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS; SYSTEMS AB The local structure of the parent and doped LaFeAsO1-xFx (pnictide) compounds were studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional methods. In the doped system, the Fe-As and Fe-Fe correlations are both well modeled by an Einstein model. For the Fe-As bonds, the Einstein temperatures are identical for the doped (11%) and undoped samples but the doped sample is found to have a lower level of static disorder. Doping is found to increases the effective Einstein temperature of Fe-Fe atomic correlation. The results suggest that the onset of superconductivity in the F doped system may be related to enhanced magnetic interactions. Density functional calculations of the total charge density reveal strong bonding between neighboring As ions but metal-like behavior in the Fe layers. It is also seen directly that the replacement of oxygen by fluorine modifies the electron charge density mainly on the Fe sites. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3525999] C1 [Tyson, T. A.; Wu, T.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, T.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Tyson, T. A.; Ignatov, A.; Zhang, C. L.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, T.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Tyson, T. A.; Ignatov, A.; Zhang, C. L.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, T.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Woicik, J. C.; Ravel, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tyson, TA (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM tyson@adm.njit.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46402, DE-FG02-07ER46382]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is supported by DOE under Grants Nos. DE-FG02-07ER46402 (NJIT) and DE-FG02-07ER46382 (Rutgers University). Data acquisition was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) which is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 12 AR 123715 DI 10.1063/1.3525999 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 700UC UT WOS:000285768800061 ER PT J AU Downes, SM Bindoff, NL Rintoul, SR AF Downes, Stephanie M. Bindoff, Nathaniel L. Rintoul, Stephen R. TI Changes in the Subduction of Southern Ocean Water Masses at the End of the Twenty-First Century in Eight IPCC Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SUB-ANTARCTIC MODE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; AIR-SEA FLUXES; INDIAN-OCEAN; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; INTERMEDIATE WATERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; TEMPERATURE AB A multimodel comparison method is used to assess the sensitivity of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) formation to climate change. For the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 emissions scenario (where atmospheric CO2 is 860 ppm at 2100), the models show cooling and freshening on density surfaces less than about 27.4 kg m(-3), a pattern that has been observed in the late twentieth century. SAMW (defined by the low potential vorticity layer) and AAIW (defined by the salinity minimum layer) warm and freshen as they shift to lighter density classes. Heat and freshwater fluxes at the ocean surface dominate the projected buoyancy gain at outcrop regions of SAMW and AAIW, whereas the net increase in the Ekman flux of heat and freshwater contributes to a lesser extent. This buoyancy gain, combined with shoaling of the winter mixed layer, reduces the volume of SAMW subducted into the ocean interior by a mean of 8 Sv (12%), and the subduction of AAIW decreases by a mean of 14 Sv (23%; 1 Sv equivalent to 106 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). Decreases in the projected subduction of the key Southern Ocean upper-water masses imply a slow down in the Southern Ocean circulation in the future, driven by surface warming and freshening. A reduction in the subduction of intermediate waters implies a likely future decrease in the capacity of the Southern Ocean to sequester CO2. C1 [Downes, Stephanie M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Downes, Stephanie M.; Bindoff, Nathaniel L.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Downes, Stephanie M.; Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Rintoul, Stephen R.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Rintoul, Stephen R.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Rintoul, Stephen R.] Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Downes, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sdownes@princeton.edu RI Rintoul, Stephen /A-1471-2012; Downes, Stephanie/A-1424-2012; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011 OI Rintoul, Stephen /0000-0002-7055-9876; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519 FU Australian Government through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC; CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship; Australian Climate Change Science Program FX This work is supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres program through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship and the Australian Climate Change Science Program. We greatly appreciate the discussions on the theory of neutrals surfaces with Trevor McDougall and David Jackett and would like to express our thanks to Glenn Hyland, Martin Dix, and Joseph Majkut for their assistance with data access. We acknowledge the modeling groups for providing their data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model output, and the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for organizing the model data analysis activity. The multimodel data archive is supported by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 24 BP 6526 EP 6541 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3620.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 710YS UT WOS:000286553500005 ER PT J AU Kim, RS Cho, KS Moon, YJ Dryer, M Lee, J Yi, Y Kim, KH Wang, H Park, YD Kim, YH AF Kim, R. -S. Cho, K. -S. Moon, Y. -J. Dryer, M. Lee, J. Yi, Y. Kim, K. -H. Wang, H. Park, Y. -D. Kim, Yong Ha TI An empirical model for prediction of geomagnetic storms using initially observed CME parameters at the Sun SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; EARTHWARD DIRECTION; HALO CMES; GEOEFFECTIVENESS; FIELD AB In this study, we discuss the general behaviors of geomagnetic storm strength associated with observed parameters of coronal mass ejection (CME) such as speed (V) and earthward direction (D) of CMEs as well as the longitude (L) and magnetic field orientation (M) of overlaying potential fields of the CME source region, and we develop an empirical model to predict geomagnetic storm occurrence with its strength (gauged by the Dst index) in terms of these CME parameters. For this we select 66 halo or partial halo CMEs associated with M-class and X-class solar flares, which have clearly identifiable source regions, from 1997 to 2003. After examining how each of these CME parameters correlates with the geoeffectiveness of the CMEs, we find several properties as follows: (1) Parameter D best correlates with storm strength Dst; (2) the majority of geoeffective CMEs have been originated from solar longitude 15 W, and CMEs originated away from this longitude tend to produce weaker storms; (3) correlations between Dst and the CME parameters improve if CMEs are separated into two groups depending on whether their magnetic fields are oriented southward or northward in their source regions. Based on these observations, we present two empirical expressions for Dst in terms of L, V, and D for two groups of CMEs, respectively. This is a new attempt to predict not only the occurrence of geomagnetic storms, but also the storm strength (Dst) solely based on the CME parameters. C1 [Kim, R. -S.; Yi, Y.; Kim, Yong Ha] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305754, KR, South Korea. [Kim, R. -S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cho, K. -S.; Park, Y. -D.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Solar & Space Weather Res Grp, Taejon 305348, KR, South Korea. [Moon, Y. -J.; Kim, K. -H.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, KR, South Korea. [Dryer, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, J.; Wang, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Kim, RS (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305754, KR, South Korea. EM rskim@cnu.ac.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Kim , Khan-Hyuk/E-2361-2013 FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-612-C00014, KRF-2005-202-C00158, KRF-2008-314-C00158, 20090071744]; KASI; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10016]; NASA [NAG5-12527, NAS5-01072, NNX08-8AQ90G]; NSF [AST-0908344, ANT-083995, ATM-0839216] FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-612-C00014, KRF-2005-202-C00158) and by the "Development of Korean Space Weather Center," the project of KASI, and the KASI basic research fund. Y.J.M. has been supported by the WCU grant (R31-10016) funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and by the Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-314-C00158, 20090071744). M.D. was supported by NASA's Living With a Star prograrm via grant NAG5-12527 to Exploration Physics International, Inc. M.D. also thanks NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center for their hospitality during his emeritus status. J.L. was supported NSF grants AST-0908344 and ANT-083995 and NASA grant NAS5-01072. H.W. was supported by NASA grant NNX08-8AQ90G and NSF grant ATM-0839216. The CME catalog used here is generated and maintained by NASA and the Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. The Dst index is provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12108 DI 10.1029/2010JA015322 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 696VG UT WOS:000285468900003 ER PT J AU Han, JN AF Han, Jianing TI Detecting electric-field-tuned atom-atom level mixing in a cold Rb-85 Rydberg gas by two-unequal-frequency photons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We use two-unequal-frequency microwave photons as sensitive probes to study the nsns to the np(n + m - 1)p Rydberg pair state transition in a cold Rb-85 gas, where n and m are integers. The principal quantum number n dependence of the energy differences between ns(n + 1)s and np(3/2)np(3/2) as well as ns(n + 2)s and np(1/2)(n + 1)p(1/2) has been measured and the results are consistent with the calculated values. Additionally, we demonstrate that the pair state Stark shift is the sum of the Stark shifts of both isolated Rydberg atoms. Finally, we tune the dipole-dipole mixing probability by applying an electric field to tune the energy difference between the dipole-dipole coupled states, ns(n + 2)s and np(1/2)(n + 1)p(1/2). The results reported here are essential steps towards electric-field-controlled chemical reactions [1], quantum gates, molecular autoionization and few-body correlations. C1 [Han, Jianing] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Han, JN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hjn1013@hotmail.com FU Air Force of Scientific Research FX The author would like to thank Tom Gallagher for his guidance and expertise throughout the course of this work. It is a pleasure to thank H Maeda for very useful discussions in the early stage of this work. The author thanks X Zhang and R Brown for proofreading the manuscript. This project was supported by the Air Force of Scientific Research. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 23 AR 235205 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/23/235205 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 683FS UT WOS:000284458100017 ER PT J AU Seager, R Vecchi, GA AF Seager, Richard Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Greenhouse warming and the 21st century hydroclimate of southwestern North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE climate change; decadal variability; hydrological cycle; southwest drying; drought ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION FEEDBACKS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; ATLANTIC AB Climate models robustly predict that the climate of southwestern North America, defined as the area from the western Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean and from the Oregon border to southern Mexico, will dry throughout the current century as a consequence of rising greenhouse gases. This regional drying is part of a general drying of the subtropics and poleward expansion of the subtropical dry zones. Through an analysis of 15 coupled climate models it is shown here that the drying is driven by a reduction of winter season precipitation associated with increased moisture divergence by the mean flow and reduced moisture convergence by transient eddies. Due to the presence of large amplitude decadal variations of presumed natural origin, observations to date cannot confirm that this transition to a drier climate is already underway, but it is anticipated that the anthropogenic drying will reach the amplitude of natural decadal variability by midcentury. In addition to this drop in total precipitation, warming is already causing a decline in mountain snow mass and an advance in the timing of spring snow melt disrupting the natural water storage systems that are part of the region's water supply system. Uncertainties in how radiative forcing will impact the tropical Pacific climate system create uncertainties in the amplitude of drying in southwest North America with a La Nina-like response creating a worst case scenario of greater drying. C1 [Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Paisades, NY 10025 USA. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Seager, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Paisades, NY 10025 USA. EM seager@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320912]; National Science Foundation [ATM08-04107]; Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory FX We thank Yochanan Kushnir, Jennifer Nakamura, and Naomi Naik for invaluable assistance. This work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant NA08OAR4320912, National Science Foundation Grant ATM08-04107, and Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory contribution number 7347. NR 41 TC 190 Z9 190 U1 7 U2 79 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21277 EP 21282 DI 10.1073/pnas.0910856107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500013 PM 21149692 ER PT J AU Froyd, KD Murphy, SM Murphy, DM de Gouw, JA Eddingsaas, NC Wennberg, PO AF Froyd, K. D. Murphy, S. M. Murphy, D. M. de Gouw, J. A. Eddingsaas, N. C. Wennberg, P. O. TI Contribution of isoprene-derived organosulfates to free tropospheric aerosol mass SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acid-catalyzed particle phase reactions; epoxides; free troposphere; secondary organic aerosol ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AEROSOL; PHOTOOXIDATION; SPECTROMETRY; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS; ACID AB Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that isoprene oxidation products can partition to atmospheric aerosols by reacting with condensed phase sulfuric acid, forming low-volatility organosulfate compounds. We have identified organosulfate compounds in free tropospheric aerosols by single particle mass spectrometry during several airborne field campaigns. One of these organosulfates is identified as the sulfate ester of IEPOX, a second generation oxidation product of isoprene. The patterns of IEPOX sulfate ester in ambient data generally followed the aerosol acidity and NOx dependence established by laboratory studies. Detection of the IEPOX sulfate ester was most sensitive using reduced ionization laser power, when it was observed in up to 80% of particles in the tropical free troposphere. Based on laboratory mass calibrations, IEPOX added > 0.4% to tropospheric aerosol mass in the remote tropics and up to 20% in regions downwind of isoprene sources. In the southeastern United States, when acidic aerosol was exposed to fresh isoprene emissions, accumulation of IEPOX increased aerosol mass by up to 3%. The IEPOX sulfate ester is therefore one of the most abundant single organic compounds measured in atmospheric aerosol. Our data show that acidity-dependent IEPOX uptake is a mechanism by which anthropogenic SO2 and marine dimethyl sulfide emissions generate secondary biogenic aerosol mass throughout the troposphere. C1 [Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, S. M.; Murphy, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, K. D.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Eddingsaas, N. C.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geophys & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Karl.Froyd@noaa.gov RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA; NASA; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry FX We are grateful to Jerome Brioude for FLEXPART analysis of isoprene emissions, to Ann Middlebrook for AMS data from the ITCT/NEAQS 2004 campaign and PALMS data from the 1999 Atlanta Supersite, and to Jason Surratt for valuable input. This work was supported by NOAA base funding, NOAA climate change programs, NASA Earth Science Program Office for aircraft deployments, and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry. S.M. Murphy acknowledges a National Research Council Research Associateship. NR 39 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 11 U2 113 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 14 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 50 BP 21360 EP 21365 DI 10.1073/pnas.1012561107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 697NY UT WOS:000285521500028 PM 21098310 ER PT J AU Rumaiz, AK Woicik, JC Carini, GA Siddons, DP Cockayne, E Huey, E Lysaght, PS Fischer, DA Genova, V AF Rumaiz, Abdul K. Woicik, J. C. Carini, G. A. Siddons, D. P. Cockayne, E. Huey, E. Lysaght, P. S. Fischer, D. A. Genova, V. TI Band alignment of atomic layer deposited HfO2 on clean and N passivated germanium surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; INTERFACES; DETECTOR; PLASMA; GE AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the band alignment between atomic layer deposited HfO2 on clean Ge (100) and nitrogen treated Ge (100) surfaces. The position of the valence-band maximum was determined by convolving theoretically calculated density of states from first-principles calculations and comparing with experimental valence-band data. Using Kraut's method, the valence-band offsets were found to be 3.2 +/- 0.1 and 3.3 +/- 0.1 eV for the samples grown on clean and N passivated Ge, respectively. The oxide charge measured from capacitance-voltage measurements shows a significant increase between the two samples; however, the small change in the band offset between the two systems strongly indicates negligible contribution of the interface to the conduction/valence-band barrier and the band alignment of the heterojunctions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3524262] C1 [Rumaiz, Abdul K.; Carini, G. A.; Siddons, D. P.; Huey, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, J. C.; Cockayne, E.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lysaght, P. S.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Genova, V.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanoscale Sci & Technol Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Rumaiz, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rumaiz@bnl.gov RI Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX The authors would like to thank Mark Hybertsen, CFN, Brookhaven National Laboratory for discussions. The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source and Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Part of the work was performed at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECS-0335765). Additional support was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 24 AR 242108 DI 10.1063/1.3524262 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 696ZX UT WOS:000285481000033 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JL Vallis, GK AF Mitchell, Jonathan L. Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI The transition to superrotation in terrestrial atmospheres SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL SUPERROTATION; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; ROTATING-FLUID; JUPITER; DYNAMICS; CONVECTION; PLANETS; SATURN; JETS AB We show that by changing a single nondimensional number, the thermal Rossby number, global atmospheric simulations with only axisymmetric forcing pass from an Earth-like atmosphere to a superrotating atmosphere that more resembles the atmospheres of Venus or Titan. The transition to superrotation occurs under conditions in which equatorward propagating Rossby waves generated by baroclinic instability at intermediate and high latitudes are suppressed, which will occur when the deformation radius exceeds the planetary radius. At large thermal Rossby numbers following an initial, nearly axisymmetric phase, a global baroclinic wave of zonal wave number one generated by mixed barotropic-baroclinic instability dominates the eddy flux of zonal momentum. The global wave converges eastward zonal momentum to the equator and deposits westward momentum at intermediate latitudes during spin-up and before superrotation emerges, and the baroclinic instability ceases once superrotation is established. A global barotropic mode of zonal wave number one generated by a mix of high- and low-latitude barotropic instability is responsible for maintaining superrotation in the statistically steady state. At intermediate thermal Rossby numbers, momentum flux by the global baroclinic mode is subdominant relative to smaller baroclinic modes, and thus strong superrotation does not develop. C1 [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Mitchell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 595 Charles Young Dr E,Box 951567, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jonmitch@ucla.edu NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD DEC 11 PY 2010 VL 115 AR E12008 DI 10.1029/2010JE003587 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 693YI UT WOS:000285260900001 ER PT J AU Fratini, E Faraone, A Todea, AM Baglioni, P AF Fratini, Emiliano Faraone, Antonio Todea, Ana Maria Baglioni, Piero TI Hydrated {Mo72Fe30} clusters: Low-frequency hydrogen modes and self-aggregation SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Polyoxomolibdate; Water dynamics; QENS; INS; SAXS; Nanocapsules ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-PARTICLE DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER; SPECTROMETER; MOLECULES; NIST AB Using incoherent quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, we have investigated the hydrogen relaxational dynamics and hydrogen vibrational modes in the polyoxomolybdate specie [Mo72Fe30O252-(CH3COO)(12)[Mo2O7(H2O)](2)[H2Mo2O8(H2O)](H2O)(91)]center dot approximate to 150 H2O. The translational dynamics of the water molecules in the compound is profoundly different from that of bulk water at the same temperature showing a non-Debye relaxation behavior. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time can be described in terms of an Arrhenius law, indicating that the dynamics is triggered by the breaking of the bonds connecting the crystal water molecules with the hydrophilic nanocapsule surfaces. Inelastic neutron scattering spectra confirm the attenuation of water translational modes with respect to the bulk water case due to the strong destructuring effect imposed by the nanocage interface and the enhancement of the highest frequency librational mode as already found in hydrated Vycor or Gelsil matrix. Small angle X-ray scattering on freshly prepared aqueous solution evidences the presence of nanocapsule structures proper of the monomer (2.6 nm in diameter) that coexist with a small amount of oligomers. After 1 month the polyoxomolibdate specie self-assembles in a supramolecular structure with a polydisperse distribution of dimensions spanning from the monomer to the "blackberry" vesicular structure already reported in literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Todea, Ana Maria] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Baglioni, P (reprint author), Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy. EM baglioni@csgi.unifi.it RI Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010 OI Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI); Ministero dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR) FX The authors are grateful to Prof. A. Muller for stimulating comments on the subject. The authors wish also to thank Dr. T. Jenkins and Dr. J. Copley for assistance during the QENS measurements, Dr. Y. Liu and Dr. T. Udovic for assistance during the experiment on FANS and Dr. P. Luciani for assistance during the SAXS experiment. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. E. F. and P. B. also acknowledge financial support from the Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI) and the Ministero dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR-prin 2008). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 363 IS 15 BP 4234 EP 4239 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2010.07.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 685KD UT WOS:000284626700014 ER PT J AU Lee, JL Bleck, R MacDonald, AE AF Lee, Jin-Luen Bleck, Rainer MacDonald, Alexander E. TI A multistep flux-corrected transport scheme SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Multistep flux-corrected transport; The third-order Adams-Bashforth; Finite volume model; Icosahedral grid ID SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; POSITIVE-DEFINITE; INTEGRATION; ALGORITHM AB A multistep flux-corrected transport (MFCT) scheme is developed to achieve conservative and monotonic tracer transports for multistep dynamical cores. MFCT extends Zalesak two-time level scheme to any multistep time-differencing schemes by including multiple high-order fluxes in the antidiffusive flux, while computing the two-time level low-order monotone solution. The multistep time-differencing scheme used in this study is the third-order Adams-Bashforth (AB3) scheme implemented in a finite-volume icosahedral shallow-water model. The accuracy of AB3 MFCT is quantified by the shape-preserving advection experiments in non-divergent flow, as well as a cosine bell whose shape changes during advection in shear flow. AB3 MFCT has been shown to be insensitive to time step size. This make AB3 MFCT an attractive transport scheme for explicit high resolution model applications with small time step. MFCT is tested in shallow-water model simulations to demonstrate that the use of MFCT maintains positive-definite tracer transport, while at the same time conserving both fluid mass and tracer mass within round-off errors in the AB3 dynamic core. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lee, Jin-Luen] Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bleck, Rainer] Univ Colorado, CERES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, JL (reprint author), Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jin.lee@noaa.gov RI Bleck, Rainer/C-6417-2015; Lee, JIN-LUEN/G-5364-2015 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 24 BP 9284 EP 9298 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.08.039 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 676HN UT WOS:000283901700018 ER PT J AU Rausch, J Heidinger, A Bennartz, R AF Rausch, John Heidinger, Andrew Bennartz, Ralf TI Regional assessment of microphysical properties of marine boundary layer cloud using the PATMOS-x dataset SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; LIQUID WATER PATH; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; AEROSOL; DRIZZLE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE AB Cloud droplet number concentration and geometrical thickness of marine boundary layer clouds are inferred from 25 years of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) Level 2b retrievals of optical thickness and cloud droplet effective radius over the period 1982 through 2009. A novel approach to addressing nonphysical values of cloud droplet number concentration N owing to satellite orbital drift is applied by normalizing estimated droplet number concentrations with respect to local observation time. Cloud geometrical thickness H is also normalized to a common reference time by scaling H against diurnal values from a passive microwave liquid water path climatology. The effectiveness of the methods applied to correct N and H are evaluated. Both quantities are spatially and temporally characterized in several subtropical subsidence regions for likely drizzle-free observations. Estimated liquid water path from PATMOS-x is further validated against 20 years of liquid water path values from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Good agreement between SSM/I and PATMOS-x is found in coastal regions. Cloud droplet number concentrations in excess of 300 cm(-3) are found along the western boundaries of the American and African continents, with greatly lower values found further out to sea with no observed long-term trends in cloud properties. C1 [Rausch, John; Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Rausch, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rausch2@wisc.edu RI Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX08AF92G] FX This project was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AF92G issued to R. B. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. The authors wish to thank Rob Wood and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that led to improvements in the manuscript. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23212 DI 10.1029/2010JD014468 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693XE UT WOS:000285257900003 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Benton, B Heward, J Clark, CW AF Edwards, Mark Benton, Brandon Heward, Jeffrey Clark, Charles W. TI Momentum-space engineering of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOM INTERFEROMETRY; OUTPUT COUPLER; OPTICS; MOLECULES; GAS AB We show how the momentum distribution of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates can be shaped by applying a sequence of standing-wave laser pulses. We present a theory, whose validity was demonstrated in an earlier experiment [L. Deng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5407 (1999)], of the effect of a two-pulse sequence on the condensate wavefunction in momentum space. We generalize the previous result to the case of N pulses of arbitrary intensity separated by arbitrary intervals and show how these parameters can be engineered to produce a desired final momentum distribution. We find that several momentum distributions, important in atom-interferometry applications, can be engineered with high fidelity with two or three pulses. C1 [Edwards, Mark; Benton, Brandon; Heward, Jeffrey] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-0758111]; Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with L. Deng, E. W. Hagley, I. Spielman, A. Cassidy, G. Campbell, and W. D. Phillips. This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation grant PHY-0758111, the Physics Frontiers Center grant PHY-0822671, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 AR 063613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.063613 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 713JR UT WOS:000286734800011 ER PT J AU Kim, MG Kreyssig, A Thaler, A Pratt, DK Tian, W Zarestky, JL Green, MA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC McQueeney, RJ Goldman, AI AF Kim, M. G. Kreyssig, A. Thaler, A. Pratt, D. K. Tian, W. Zarestky, J. L. Green, M. A. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. McQueeney, R. J. Goldman, A. I. TI Antiferromagnetic ordering in the absence of structural distortion in Ba(Fe1-xMnx)(2)As-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Neutron and x-ray diffraction studies of Ba(Fe1-xMnx)(2)As-2 for low doping concentrations (x <= 0.176) reveal that at a critical concentration, 0.102 < x < 0.118, the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition abruptly disappears whereas magnetic ordering with a propagation vector of (1/2 1/2 1 ) persists. Among all of the iron arsenides this observation is unique to Mn doping, and unexpected because all models for "stripelike" antiferromagnetic order anticipate an attendant orthorhombic distortion due to magnetoelastic effects. We discuss these observations and their consequences in terms of previous studies of Ba(Fe1-xTMx)(2)As-2 compounds (TM = transition metal ), and models for magnetic ordering in the iron arsenide compounds. C1 [Kim, M. G.; Kreyssig, A.; Thaler, A.; Pratt, D. K.; Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, M. G.; Kreyssig, A.; Thaler, A.; Pratt, D. K.; Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kim, MG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Thaler, Alexander/J-5741-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Thaler, Alexander/0000-0001-5066-8904; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with J. Schmalian and R. M. Fernandes. This work was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The work at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE). ORNL is operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 22 AR 220503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.220503 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 713SU UT WOS:000286758500001 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, M Hilton-Taylor, C Angulo, A Bohm, M Brooks, TM Butchart, SHM Carpenter, KE Chanson, J Collen, B Cox, NA Darwall, WRT Dulvy, NK Harrison, LR Katariya, V Pollock, CM Quader, S Richman, NI Rodrigues, ASL Tognelli, MF Vie, JC Aguiar, JM Allen, DJ Allen, GR Amori, G Ananjeva, NB Andreone, F Andrew, P Ortiz, ALA Baillie, JEM Baldi, R Bell, BD Biju, SD Bird, JP Black-Decima, P Blanc, JJ Bolanos, F Bolivar, W Burfield, IJ Burton, JA Capper, DR Castro, F Catullo, G Cavanagh, RD Channing, A Chao, NL Chenery, AM Chiozza, F Clausnitzer, V Collar, NJ Collett, LC Collette, BB Fernandez, CFC Craig, MT Crosby, MJ Cumberlidge, N Cuttelod, A Derocher, AE Diesmos, AC Donaldson, JS Duckworth, JW Dutson, G Dutta, SK Emslie, RH Farjon, A Fowler, S Freyhof, J Garshelis, DL Gerlach, J Gower, DJ Grant, TD Hammerson, GA Harris, RB Heaney, LR Hedges, SB Hero, JM Hughes, B Hussain, SA Icochea, J Inger, RF Ishii, N Iskandar, DT Jenkins, RKB Kaneko, Y Kottelat, M Kovacs, KM Kuzmin, SL La Marca, E Lamoreux, JF Lau, MWN Lavilla, EO Leus, K Lewison, RL Lichtenstein, G Livingstone, SR Lukoschek, V Mallon, DP McGowan, PJK McIvor, A Moehlman, PD Molur, S Alonso, AM Musick, JA Nowell, K Nussbaum, RA Olech, W Orlov, NL Papenfuss, TJ Parra-Olea, G Perrin, WF Polidoro, BA Pourkazemi, M Racey, PA Ragle, JS Ram, M Rathbun, G Reynolds, RP Rhodin, AGJ Richards, SJ Rodriguez, LO Ron, SR Rondinini, C Rylands, AB de Mitcheson, YS Sanciangco, JC Sanders, KL Santos-Barrera, G Schipper, J Self-Sullivan, C Shi, YC Shoemaker, A Short, FT Sillero-Zubiri, C Silvano, DL Smith, KG Smith, AT Snoeks, J Stattersfield, AJ Symes, AJ Taber, AB Talukdar, BK Temple, HJ Timmins, R Tobias, JA Tsytsulina, K Tweddle, D Ubeda, C Valenti, SV van Dijk, PP Veiga, LM Veloso, A Wege, DC Wilkinson, M Williamson, EA Xie, F Young, BE Akcakaya, HR Bennun, L Blackburn, TM Boitani, L Dublin, HT da Fonseca, GAB Gascon, C Lacher, TE Mace, GM Mainka, SA McNeely, JA Mittermeier, RA Reid, GM Rodriguez, JP Rosenberg, AA Samways, MJ Smart, J Stein, BA Stuart, SN AF Hoffmann, Michael Hilton-Taylor, Craig Angulo, Ariadne Boehm, Monika Brooks, Thomas M. Butchart, Stuart H. M. Carpenter, Kent E. Chanson, Janice Collen, Ben Cox, Neil A. Darwall, William R. T. Dulvy, Nicholas K. Harrison, Lucy R. Katariya, Vineet Pollock, Caroline M. Quader, Suhel Richman, Nadia I. Rodrigues, Ana S. L. Tognelli, Marcelo F. Vie, Jean-Christophe Aguiar, John M. Allen, David J. Allen, Gerald R. Amori, Giovanni Ananjeva, Natalia B. Andreone, Franco Andrew, Paul Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz Baillie, Jonathan E. M. Baldi, Ricardo Bell, Ben D. Biju, S. D. Bird, Jeremy P. Black-Decima, Patricia Blanc, J. Julian Bolanos, Federico Bolivar-G, Wilmar Burfield, Ian J. Burton, James A. Capper, David R. Castro, Fernando Catullo, Gianluca Cavanagh, Rachel D. Channing, Alan Chao, Ning Labbish Chenery, Anna M. Chiozza, Federica Clausnitzer, Viola Collar, Nigel J. Collett, Leah C. Collette, Bruce B. Fernandez, Claudia F. Cortez Craig, Matthew T. Crosby, Michael J. Cumberlidge, Neil Cuttelod, Annabelle Derocher, Andrew E. Diesmos, Arvin C. Donaldson, John S. Duckworth, J. W. Dutson, Guy Dutta, S. K. Emslie, Richard H. Farjon, Aljos Fowler, Sarah Freyhof, Joerg Garshelis, David L. Gerlach, Justin Gower, David J. Grant, Tandora D. Hammerson, Geoffrey A. Harris, Richard B. Heaney, Lawrence R. Hedges, S. Blair Hero, Jean-Marc Hughes, Baz Hussain, Syed Ainul Icochea M, Javier Inger, Robert F. Ishii, Nobuo Iskandar, Djoko T. Jenkins, Richard K. B. Kaneko, Yoshio Kottelat, Maurice Kovacs, Kit M. Kuzmin, Sergius L. La Marca, Enrique Lamoreux, John F. Lau, Michael W. N. Lavilla, Esteban O. Leus, Kristin Lewison, Rebecca L. Lichtenstein, Gabriela Livingstone, Suzanne R. Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi Mallon, David P. McGowan, Philip J. K. McIvor, Anna Moehlman, Patricia D. Molur, Sanjay Munoz Alonso, Antonio Musick, John A. Nowell, Kristin Nussbaum, Ronald A. Olech, Wanda Orlov, Nikolay L. Papenfuss, Theodore J. Parra-Olea, Gabriela Perrin, William F. Polidoro, Beth A. Pourkazemi, Mohammad Racey, Paul A. Ragle, James S. Ram, Mala Rathbun, Galen Reynolds, Robert P. Rhodin, Anders G. J. Richards, Stephen J. Rodriguez, Lily O. Ron, Santiago R. Rondinini, Carlo Rylands, Anthony B. de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Sanders, Kate L. Santos-Barrera, Georgina Schipper, Jan Self-Sullivan, Caryn Shi, Yichuan Shoemaker, Alan Short, Frederick T. Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio Silvano, Debora L. Smith, Kevin G. Smith, Andrew T. Snoeks, Jos Stattersfield, Alison J. Symes, Andrew J. Taber, Andrew B. Talukdar, Bibhab K. Temple, Helen J. Timmins, Rob Tobias, Joseph A. Tsytsulina, Katerina Tweddle, Denis Ubeda, Carmen Valenti, Sarah V. van Dijk, Peter Paul Veiga, Liza M. Veloso, Alberto Wege, David C. Wilkinson, Mark Williamson, Elizabeth A. Xie, Feng Young, Bruce E. Akcakaya, H. Resit Bennun, Leon Blackburn, Tim M. Boitani, Luigi Dublin, Holly T. da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B. Gascon, Claude Lacher, Thomas E., Jr. Mace, Georgina M. Mainka, Susan A. McNeely, Jeffery A. Mittermeier, Russell A. Reid, Gordon McGregor Paul Rodriguez, Jon Rosenberg, Andrew A. Samways, Michael J. Smart, Jane Stein, Bruce A. Stuart, Simon N. TI The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World's Vertebrates SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTIONS; DECLINES; BENEFITS; FUTURE; INDEX AB Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species. C1 [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Conservat Int, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA. [Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Darwall, William R. T.; Katariya, Vineet; Pollock, Caroline M.; Allen, David J.; Collett, Leah C.; Cuttelod, Annabelle; Shi, Yichuan; Smith, Kevin G.] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. [Angulo, Ariadne] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 1X1, Canada. [Angulo, Ariadne; Carpenter, Kent E.; Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.; Vie, Jean-Christophe; Lamoreux, John F.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, James S.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Boehm, Monika; Collen, Ben; Richman, Nadia I.; Ram, Mala; Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Brooks, Thomas M.; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines Los Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines. [Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Burfield, Ian J.; Collar, Nigel J.; Crosby, Michael J.; Stattersfield, Alison J.; Symes, Andrew J.; Wege, David C.; Bennun, Leon] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England. [Carpenter, Kent E.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Chanson, Janice] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Shark Specialist Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Quader, Suhel] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] CNRS, UMR5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France. [Tognelli, Marcelo F.] IADIZA CONICET, CCT Mendoza, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina. [Aguiar, John M.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Allen, Gerald R.] Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6986, Australia. [Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ananjeva, Natalia B.; Orlov, Nikolay L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Andreone, Franco] Museo Reg Sci Nat, I-10123 Turin, Italy. [Andrew, Paul] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia. [Baillie, Jonathan E. M.] Zool Soc London, London NW1 4RY, England. [Baldi, Ricardo] Ctr Nacl Pagagon CONICET, Unidad Invest Ecol Terrestre, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [Bell, Ben D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Restorat Ecol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand. [Biju, S. D.] Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Systemat Lab, Delhi 110007, India. [Bird, Jeremy P.] Pacific Inst Sustainable Dev, Ctr Biodivers & Biosecur Studies, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Bolanos, Federico] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Bolivar-G, Wilmar] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Dept Biol, Secc Zool, Cali, Colombia. [Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst, Oxford OX2 7DE, England. [Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. [Castro, Fernando] Univ Valle, Lab Herpetol, Cali, Colombia. [Catullo, Gianluca] WWF Italy Specis Off, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Cavanagh, Rachel D.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Channing, Alan] Univ Western Cape, Biodivers & Conservat Biol Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Bioamazonia Conservat Int, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Univ Fed Amazonas, Depto Ciencias Pesqueiras, BR-60700 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Chao, Ning Labbish] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Chiozza, Federica; Rondinini, Carlo; Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Clausnitzer, Viola] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Goerlitz, D-02806 Goerlitz, Germany. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Craig, Matthew T.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Cumberlidge, Neil] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA. [Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Diesmos, Arvin C.] Natl Museum Philippines, Div Zool, Herpetol Sect, Manila 1000, Philippines. [Donaldson, John S.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, KRC, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa. [Dutson, Guy] Birds Australia, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia. [Dutta, S. K.] N Orissa Univ, Mayurbhanj 757003, Orissa, India. [Emslie, Richard H.] IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Grp, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. [Farjon, Aljos] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium Lib Art & Arch, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Fowler, Sarah; Valenti, Sarah V.] NatureBur, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England. [Freyhof, Joerg] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. [Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Gerlach, Justin] Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB1 7BX, England. [Gower, David J.; Wilkinson, Mark] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Grant, Tandora D.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA. [Hammerson, Geoffrey A.] NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Heaney, Lawrence R.; Inger, Robert F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Griffith, Qld 4222, Australia. [Hughes, Baz] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England. [Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan. [Iskandar, Djoko T.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. [Kaneko, Yoshio] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan. [Kottelat, Maurice] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 117546, Singapore. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Kuzmin, Sergius L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia. [La Marca, Enrique] Univ Los Andes, Escuela Geog, Lab Biogeog, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Lamoreux, John F.] IUCN Species Programme, Randolph, NH 03593 USA. [Lau, Michael W. N.] Kadoorie Farm & Bot Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lavilla, Esteban O.] Fdn Miguel Lillo CONICET, Inst Herpetol, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. [Leus, Kristin] European Reg Off, Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium. [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. [McGowan, Philip J. K.] Newcastle Univ, Biol Field Stn, World Pheasant Assoc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE15 0HT, Tyne & Wear, England. [Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Arusha, Tanzania. [Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India. [Munoz Alonso, Antonio] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nowell, Kristin] CAT, Cape Neddick, ME 03902 USA. [Nussbaum, Ronald A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Div Reptiles & Amphibians, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02786 Warsaw, Poland. [Papenfuss, Theodore J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parra-Olea, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Pourkazemi, Mohammad] Int Sturgeon Res Inst, Rasht, Iran. [Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter Cornwall, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. [Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA. [Reynolds, Robert P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA. [Richards, Stephen J.] S Australian Museum, Herpetol Dept, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. [Richards, Stephen J.] Conservat Int, Rapid Assessment Program, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. [Rodriguez, Lily O.] German Tech Cooperat GmbH, Lima 27, Peru. [Ron, Santiago R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Soc Conservat Reef Fish Aggregat, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Sanders, Kate L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Santos-Barrera, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Schipper, Jan] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Big Isl Invas Species Comm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA. [Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA. [Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England. [Silvano, Debora L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Zool Lab, BR-71966700 Taguatinga, DF, Brazil. [Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Snoeks, Jos] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Snoeks, Jos] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Div & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Taber, Andrew B.] Jalan CIFOR, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia. [Talukdar, Bibhab K.] Aaranyak & Int Rhino Fdn, Gauhati 781028, Assam, India. [Temple, Helen J.] Biodivers Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge CB2 9LJ, England. [Tobias, Joseph A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Tsytsulina, Katerina] Natl Inst Biol Resources, Vertebrate Res Div, Inchon 404708, South Korea. [Tweddle, Denis] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. [Ubeda, Carmen] Univ Nacl Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veiga, Liza M.] Fed Univ Para, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil. [Veloso, Alberto] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile. [Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. [Xie, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dublin, Holly T.] IUCN ESARO, African Elephant Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. [Dublin, Holly T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Mainka, Susan A.; McNeely, Jeffery A.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Smart, Jane] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Reid, Gordon McGregor] N England Zool Soc, Chester Zoo, Chester CH2 1LH, Cheshire, England. [Paul Rodriguez, Jon] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Samways, Michael J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Hoffmann, M (reprint author), United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England. EM mike.hoffmann@iucn.org RI Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/C-6126-2013; Silvano, Debora/H-4235-2012; Blackburn, Tim/A-7685-2011; Wilkinson, Mark/J-2026-2014; Hu, Lile /E-7961-2015; Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016; Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; ANDREONE, FRANCO/H-4942-2012; Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/A-1491-2009; Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Collen, Ben/D-5055-2011; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Rondinini, Carlo/E-9027-2011; Donaldson, John/F-6833-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009; Harrison, Lucy/F-9494-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann, Michael/E-6419-2010 OI Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725; Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350; Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Gerlach, Justin/0000-0002-0157-0449; Pourkazemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-0496-8049; Tobias, Joseph/0000-0003-2429-6179; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505; Molur, Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Self-Sullivan, Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774; Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/0000-0002-0268-3808; Silvano, Debora/0000-0001-7349-5962; Wilkinson, Mark/0000-0002-9459-8976; Hu, Lile /0000-0003-4892-2488; Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen, Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Schipper, Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; ANDREONE, FRANCO/0000-0001-9809-5818; Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Rodriguez, Jon Paul/0000-0001-5019-2870; Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929; Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254 NR 41 TC 410 Z9 431 U1 66 U2 565 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6010 BP 1503 EP 1509 DI 10.1126/science.1194442 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 692LE UT WOS:000285153500055 PM 20978281 ER PT J AU Rampulla, DM Wroge, CM Hanson, EL Kushmerick, JG AF Rampulla, David M. Wroge, Christine M. Hanson, Eric L. Kushmerick, James G. TI Charge Transport across Phosphonate Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; WORK FUNCTION; TRANSISTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPLAYS; WIRES AB Transition voltage spectroscopy was used to measure the charge injection properties of monolayers of bithiophene phosphonate, quarterthiophene phosphonate, and decylphosphonate covalently bonded to an indium tin oxide surface. Hysteresis was observed for all three phosphonates, which is possibly explained by charge retention at the phosphonate-ITO interface. Unlike previous work on thiolate-based molecular junctions, there is no significant difference between the charge injection barriers of the three phosphonates, suggesting that the phosphonate moiety dominates the observed charge injection properties. C1 [Rampulla, David M.; Wroge, Christine M.; Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanson, Eric L.] Aculon Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.kushmerick@nist.gov OI Emnett, Christine/0000-0001-7207-5480 FU National Research Council FX This work was supported by the National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Program (D.M.R.). NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 48 BP 20852 EP 20855 DI 10.1021/jp107209m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 686YS UT WOS:000284738900068 ER PT J AU Turk, D Zappa, CJ Meinen, CS Christian, JR Ho, DT Dickson, AG McGillis, WR AF Turk, Daniela Zappa, Christopher J. Meinen, Christopher S. Christian, James R. Ho, David T. Dickson, Andrew G. McGillis, Wade R. TI Rain impacts on CO2 exchange in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; AIR; VARIABILITY; WIND; FLUX AB The ocean plays a major role in the global carbon cycle through the atmosphere-ocean partitioning of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Rain alters the physics and carbon chemistry at the ocean surface to increase the amount of CO2 taken up by the ocean. This paper presents the results of a preliminary study wherein rain measurements in the western equatorial Pacific are used to determine the enhanced transfer, chemical dilution and deposition effects of rain on air-sea CO2 exchange. Including these processes, the western equatorial Pacific CO2 flux is modified from an ocean source of +0.019 mol CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) to an ocean sink of -0.078 mol CO2 m(-2) yr(-1). This new understanding of rain effects changes the ocean's role in the global carbon budget, particularly in regions with low winds and high precipitation. Citation: Turk, D., C. J. Zappa, C. S. Meinen, J. R. Christian, D. T. Ho, A. G. Dickson, and W. R. McGillis (2010), Rain impacts on CO2 exchange in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23610, doi:10.1029/2010GL045520. C1 [Turk, Daniela] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Turk, Daniela; Zappa, Christopher J.; McGillis, Wade R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Meinen, Christopher S.] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Christian, James R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Ho, David T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dickson, Andrew G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Turk, D (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM daniela.turk@dal.ca RI Ho, David/A-3154-2011; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Ho, David/0000-0002-0944-6952; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0526677]; EU [239465]; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0526677), EU Marie Curie FP7-PEOPLE-IRG 239465, and by NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. This is LDEO contribution 7405. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L23610 DI 10.1029/2010GL045520 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 693WE UT WOS:000285255300004 ER PT J AU Clark, JV Walsh, JE AF Clark, Joseph V. Walsh, John E. TI Observed and reanalysis cloud fraction SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SCHEME; ARCTIC CLOUD; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB Because the Arctic climate is particularly sensitive to cloud-radiative interactions, climate models must represent Arctic clouds realistically in order to capture the variations and feedbacks in high-latitude climate. Observations of clouds and radiative fluxes for the North Slope of Alaska are available from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. Reanalysis models also calculate cloud and radiative variables. In this study, ARM measurements and North American Regional Reanalysis output for four midseason months are used to show that boundary layer clouds are not only the most common type of cloud observed on the North Slope but they are also a major cause for error by the reanalysis. Near-surface clouds are associated with large overestimates of the cloud fraction during the cold season and large underestimates during the warm season. These results were synthesized with other data to produce a comprehensive picture of synoptic conditions that are commonly present when the reanalysis fails to simulate the cloud fraction. When errors in the simulated cloud fraction are largest during the cold season, anomalously high pressure is observed north of the Bering Strait, with the departure being largest in magnitude and most widespread spatially in January. Large undersimulations in the summer are associated with a + 9 hPa deviation from climatology over the Arctic Ocean, a configuration that favors onshore flow from the northeast and east. More generally, large undersimulations in the summer clouds at Barrow are almost exclusively associated with onshore flow. C1 [Clark, Joseph V.; Walsh, John E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. RP Clark, JV (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, 300 Startare Dr, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. EM joseph.v.clark@noaa.gov FU Department of Energy [DESG-0206-ER64251] FX The authors thank Bill Chapman and Diane Portis, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for their contributions to the data extraction and analysis. This work was supported by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program through grant DESG-0206-ER64251. The authors also thank two reviewers for their helpful comments, and especially one reviewer for the articulation of the significance testing by the Monte Carlo approach. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23121 DI 10.1029/2009JD013235 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693XC UT WOS:000285257700001 ER PT J AU Park, TW Ho, CH Yang, S Jeong, JH AF Park, Tae-Won Ho, Chang-Hoi Yang, Song Jeong, Jee-Hoon TI Influences of Arctic Oscillation and Madden-Julian Oscillation on cold surges and heavy snowfalls over Korea: A case study for the winter of 2009-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ANNULAR MODE; EAST-ASIA; MONSOON; INDEX; TELECONNECTION AB In the winter of 2009-2010, frequent and long-lasting cold weather affected Korea. Four major cold surges and several heavy snowfall events were observed, including a record-breaking event on 4 January 2010. These four cold surges had distinct properties with regard to their relationships to the phases of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), suggesting the possible influences of the AO and MJO on the cold surges and heavy snowfalls. The four cold surges were of two distinct types: the wave train type and the blocking type, which were differentiated by their mechanisms. With regard to the relationships of the cold surges to the AO, three cold surges occurred during a strongly negative AO period, which lasted for more than 1 month. The Siberian High expanded from the Arctic high-pressure region to East Asia during the negative AO period. A cold surge occurred during a positive AO, with the expansion of the Siberian High across the Eurasian continent. An MJO-induced circulation, corresponding to strong tropical convection over the tropical Indian Ocean, seems to have reinforced the cold surges over East Asia. In addition, the active local Hadley circulation modulated by a convection center over the Indian Ocean tends to enhance midlatitude synoptic disturbances across East Asia and provides favorable conditions for upward motion over the region. In short, the effects of the AO and MJO, along with the existing low-level moisture supply, contributed to heavy snowfalls associated with strong cold surges over Korea during the winter of 2009-2010. C1 [Park, Tae-Won; Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Phys Lab, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Jeong, Jee-Hoon] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Earth Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Park, TW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Phys Lab, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM hoch@cpl.snu.ac.kr RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Jeong, Jee-Hoon/A-4286-2010; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015 OI Jeong, Jee-Hoon/0000-0002-3358-3949; FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2006-4204] FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2006-4204. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23122 DI 10.1029/2010JD014794 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693XC UT WOS:000285257700007 ER PT J AU Xiao, X Cohan, DS Byun, DW Ngan, F AF Xiao, Xue Cohan, Daniel S. Byun, Daewon W. Ngan, Fong TI Highly nonlinear ozone formation in the Houston region and implications for emission controls SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DIRECT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; METROPOLITAN-AREA; TEXAQS 2000; NOX; URBAN; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; ISOPRENE AB Photochemical modeling with high-order sensitivity analysis is applied to simulate the nonlinear responses of ozone to NOx and VOC emissions from different source regions in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria area and their interactions. First-order responses of daytime ozone to Houston NOx emissions are typically positive but are negative in the core region, indicating a NOx-inhibited chemical regime there. Houston anthropogenic VOC emissions exert a spatially smaller impact on ozone but are important to high ozone concentrations in the core region. Highest ozone concentrations in the Houston region typically occur where the impacts of the Houston Ship Channel NOx emissions coincide with those of NOx emitted from the rest of the Houston region. Daytime ozone is found to exhibit a more nonlinear responsiveness to precursor emissions in Houston than has been reported in other regions, including a strongly concave response to local NOx emissions and strong interactions between the impacts of NOx and VOC emissions changes. Due to this intense nonlinearity, moderate perturbations (10-30%) in either NOx or VOC emissions inventories could flip whether Houston ozone is modeled to be more responsive to VOC control or NOx control. Thus the accuracy of emission inventories could strongly influence predictions of ozone response to emission reductions. C1 [Xiao, Xue; Cohan, Daniel S.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Byun, Daewon W.; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Xiao, X (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM xue.xiao@rice.edu RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727 FU Texas Environmental Research Consortium [H98] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Texas Environmental Research Consortium (project contract H98). We thank the NOAA internal reviewer for the evaluation of the manuscript and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23309 DI 10.1029/2010JD014435 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693XC UT WOS:000285257700005 ER PT J AU Rincon, L Gonzalez, CA AF Rincon, Luis Gonzalez, Carlos A. TI Extended Huckel Tight-Binding Calculations of Electronic Resonances in Linear Chains of Gold Atoms and Clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHOD; METAL NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB Electronic excitations in linear chains and icosahedra clusters of gold atoms have been studied using an approximate version of time-dependent density functional theory based on the extended Wicket tight-binding method. The formation and development of two longitudinal collective resonances in the absorption spectra were studied as a function of the chain length. We show that in the case of a gold cluster dimer, the classical description breaks down at intercluster distances below 0.5 nm due to the neglect of important quantum effects. In addition, a blue shifting of the collective resonances at these distances is observed. Analysis of these results yields a general picture of electronic resonances in one-dimensional atomic structures. C1 [Rincon, Luis; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Merida 5101, Venezuela. RP Gonzalez, CA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lrincon@ula.ve; carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov RI Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 48 BP 20734 EP 20740 DI 10.1021/jp106761f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 686YS UT WOS:000284738900054 ER PT J AU Schulz, P Zangmeister, CD Zhao, YL Frail, PR Saudari, SR Gonzalez, CA Kagan, CR Wuttig, M van Zee, RD AF Schulz, Philip Zangmeister, Christopher D. Zhao, Yi-Lei Frail, Paul R. Saudari, Sangameshwar R. Gonzalez, Carlos A. Kagan, Cherie R. Wuttig, Matthias van Zee, Roger D. TI Comparison of the Energy-Level Alignment of Thiolate- and Carbodithiolate-Bound Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR DEVICES; WORK FUNCTION; AU(111); ADSORPTION; INTERFACES; CONTACTS AB This paper presents an experimental study of a carbodithiolate-bound monolayer on gold and finds the electronic structure of this surface to be different from those of thiolate-bound monolayers in important ways. Specifically, self-assembled monolayers formed from benzyl mercaptan and dithiobenzoic acid (molecules identical to each other except for the linker group) chemisorbed on gold are compared. The electronic structure of these modified surfaces was investigated using photoemission spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. Surfaces covered with monolayers formed from benzyl mercaptan were found to be comparable to other thiolate-bound adsorbates. In contrast, surfaces covered with monolayers formed from dithiobenzoic acid have a markedly different electronic structure; the work function of the such modified surface is lowered by 1.6 eV, as compared to that of a bare gold surface, and the highest occupied pi-band lies 1.3-1.6 eV below the Fermi level of the gold surface. Dithiobenzoic acid was also used to modify the contacts of organic transistors and found to be effective in engineering the metal-semiconductor interface to achieve ambipolar transport. C1 [Schulz, Philip; Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Zhao, Yi-Lei; Gonzalez, Carlos A.; van Zee, Roger D.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schulz, Philip; Wuttig, Matthias] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys IA, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Frail, Paul R.; Saudari, Sangameshwar R.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Frail, Paul R.; Saudari, Sangameshwar R.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Frail, Paul R.; Saudari, Sangameshwar R.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wuttig, Matthias/A-8860-2012; Saudari, Sangameshwar/F-7013-2014; Schulz, Philip/N-2295-2015 OI Wuttig, Matthias/0000-0003-1498-1025; Schulz, Philip/0000-0002-8177-0108 FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Nanotechnology Institute; NIST Office of Microelectronic FX P.S. thanks the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for financial support. P.R.F., S.R.S., arid C.R.K. acknowledge the support from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Nanotechnology Institute. C.D.Z. and R.D.v.Z. acknowledge the support of the NIST Office of Microelectronic Projects. Note: Certain trade names are mentioned in the text for brevity and completeness. These specific references should not be construed as recommendations by NIST or as a suggestion that other suppliers and materials would not perform as well or better in these applications. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 48 BP 20843 EP 20851 DI 10.1021/jp107186m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 686YS UT WOS:000284738900067 ER PT J AU Newell, PT Sotirelis, T Liou, K Lee, AR Wing, S Green, J Redmon, R AF Newell, P. T. Sotirelis, T. Liou, K. Lee, A. R. Wing, S. Green, J. Redmon, R. TI Predictive ability of four auroral precipitation models as evaluated using Polar UVI global images SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; ION PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS AB Auroral precipitation models have been valuable tools for several decades, but it has been difficult to estimate their objective accuracy. The use of global UV imagers, which make relatively instantaneous estimates of hemispheric auroral power, provides one approach forward. We present the first such validation and quantitative comparison of auroral precipitation models. Specifically, we correlated Polar UVI images with the predictions of four precipitation models. These are the Hardy Kp model, the Brautigam IMF-based model, the Evans nowcast model currently used at NOAA, and OVATION Prime, recently introduced by Newell and colleagues. Because calibration uncertainties exist for all particle detectors, and for imagers as well, we focus on correlation coefficients rather than the absolute magnitudes. To minimize dayglow, the nightside precipitating power (1800-0600 MLT) is considered and only for cases where that entire region is within the Polar UVI field of view. Also, only instances where each model has a prediction are considered (i.e., there must be IMF data, and there must be a NOAA satellite pass within the last 1 h). Altogether, 27,613 1 min ("instantaneous") images satisfied these criteria from 1996 to 1997. The four models investigated predict roughly half the variance in auroral power. From least to best at predicting instantaneous auroral power, the results are Brautigam IMF model (r = 0.68, r(2) = 46%); Evans nowcast model (r = 0.70, r(2) = 49%); Hardy Kp model (r = 0.72, r(2) = 52%); and OVATION Prime IMF (r = 0.75, r(2) = 56%). We also considered 1 h averages of UVI images. All four models improved, but the nowcast jumped from third to first: Brautigam IMF (r = 0.69, r(2) = 48%); Hardy Kp (r = 0.74, r(2) = 55%); OVATION Prime IMF (r = 0.76, r(2) = 58%); Evans nowcast (r = 0.77, r(2) = 59%). The nowcast approach benefits most from hourly averaging because at times more than one satellite pass is available. In principle, with enough satellites, the nowcast approach would be ideal. The advantage of OVATION Prime IMF over Brautigam IMF mirrors their respective organizing solar wind coupling functions. The reasonable performance of the Hardy Kp model, despite its 3 h cadence and limited maps, suggests that an updated model based on Kp interpolated to 1 h cadence would be competitive. C1 [Newell, P. T.; Sotirelis, T.; Liou, K.; Lee, A. R.; Wing, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Green, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Redmon, R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 FU NSF [ATM-0837978, ANT-0738055, ATM-0802708] FX This work was supported by NSF grants ATM-0837978, ANT-0738055, and ATM-0802708, all to the Johns Hopkins University. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S12004 DI 10.1029/2010SW000604 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693XJ UT WOS:000285258400002 ER PT J AU Redmon, RJ Anderson, D Caton, R Bullett, T AF Redmon, Robert J. Anderson, David Caton, Ron Bullett, Terence TI A Forecasting Ionospheric Real-time Scintillation Tool (FIRST) SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; REGION; VARIABILITY; AMERICAN; SUNSET AB Transionospheric radio waves propagating through an irregular ionosphere with plasma depletions, or "bubbles," are subject to sporadic enhancement and fading commonly referred to as scintillation. Knowledge of the current ionospheric condition allows system operators to distinguish between compromises due to the radio environment and system induced failures, while a forecast of the same provides the opportunity for operators to take appropriate actions to mitigate the effects and optimize service. This paper describes a technique that uses the readily accessible ionospheric characteristic h'F from ground-based ionospheric sounder data near the geomagnetic equator to forecast the occurrence or nonoccurrence of low-latitude scintillation activity in VHF/UHF bands. We illustrate the development of the Forecasting Ionospheric Real-time Scintillation Tool and its real-time capability for forecasting scintillation activity. Finally, we have found that there exists a threshold in the h'F value at 1930 LT that corresponds to the onset of scintillation activity in the Peruvian longitude sector, which is found to decrease with decreasing F10.7 cm fluxes in a linear manner. C1 [Redmon, Robert J.; Bullett, Terence] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, David; Bullett, Terence] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, David] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Caton, Ron] AFRL, RV XBI, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011 OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719; NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 9 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S12003 DI 10.1029/2010SW000582 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693XJ UT WOS:000285258400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, XR Hudson, SD DeLongchamp, DM Gundlach, DJ Heeney, M McCulloch, I AF Zhang, Xinran Hudson, Steven D. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Gundlach, David J. Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain TI In-Plane Liquid Crystalline Texture of High-Performance Thienothiophene Copolymer Thin Films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CARRIER MOBILITY; POLYMERS; TRANSISTORS; FIELD; PENTACENE; DISCLINATIONS AB Poly(2,5-Bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl) thieno[3,2-b] thiophenes (pBTTTs) are a new class of solution-processable polymer semiconductors with high charge carrier mobilities that rival amorphous silicon. This exceptional performance is thought to originate in the microstructure of pBTTT films, which exhibit high crystallinity and a surface topography of wide terraces. However, the true lateral grain size has not been determined, despite the critical impact grain boundaries can have on the charge transport of polymer semiconductors. Here a strategy for determining the lateral grain structure of pBTTT using dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM) and subsequent image analysis is presented. For the first time, it is revealed that the in-plain pBTTT crystal orientation varies smoothly across a length scale significantly less than one micrometer (e. g., with only small angles between adjacent diffracting regions). The pBTTT polymers thus exhibit an in-plane liquid crystalline texture. This microstructure is different from what has been reported for small molecule semiconductors or polymer semiconductors such as poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT). Even though films processed differently exhibit different apparent domain sizes, they exhibit similar charge carrier hopping activation energies because they possess similar low densities of abrupt grain boundaries. C1 [Zhang, Xinran; Hudson, Steven D.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Kensington SW7 2AZ, England. RP Zhang, XR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sdh@nist.gov; deand@nist.gov RI Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; NR 44 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 23 BP 4098 EP 4106 DI 10.1002/adfm.201001232 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 695SM UT WOS:000285392900008 ER PT J AU Stefanoski, S Martin, J Nolas, GS AF Stefanoski, S. Martin, J. Nolas, G. S. TI Low temperature transport properties and heat capacity of single-crystal Na8Si46 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLATHRATE COMPOUND; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILICON; SI; SI-46; NMR; PRINCIPLES AB The low temperature thermal conductivity, resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of single-crystal Na8Si46 are investigated revealing the intrinsic low temperature transport properties of this material. Metallic conduction is observed, with a higher residual resistance ratio than any other known type I clathrate. Heat capacity together with thermal conductivity provide insight into the Na disorder inside the polyhedra formed by the Si framework. Single-crystal structural refinement and thermal property analyses reveal anisotropic disorder for Na inside the tetrakaidecahedra due to a reduction in the symmetry inside these polyhedra, unlike that for Na inside the dodecahedra. C1 [Stefanoski, S.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stefanoski, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM gnolas@usf.edu FU US DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46145] FX SS and GSN acknowledge support from US DOE Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER46145 for the crystal growth, powder XRD and characterization, transport measurements, and data analysis. The authors acknowledge W Wong-Ng at NIST and P Zavalij at the University of Maryland for single-crystal XRD. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 8 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 48 AR 485404 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/48/485404 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 684EU UT WOS:000284533500006 PM 21406746 ER PT J AU Kitano, J Lema, SC Luckenbach, JA Mori, S Kawagishi, Y Kusakabe, M Swanson, P Peichel, CL AF Kitano, Jun Lema, Sean C. Luckenbach, J. Adam Mori, Seiichi Kawagishi, Yui Kusakabe, Makoto Swanson, Penny Peichel, Catherine L. TI Adaptive Divergence in the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathway in the Stickleback Radiation SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STANDING GENETIC-VARIATION; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; GENOME DUPLICATION; ENDOCRINE CONTROL; PELVIC REDUCTION; TELEOST FISH; PIGMENTATION; REPRODUCTION AB During adaptive radiations, animals colonize diverse environments, which requires adaptation in multiple phenotypic traits [1]. Because hormones mediate the dynamic regulation of suites of phenotypic traits [2-4], evolutionary changes in hormonal signaling pathways might contribute to adaptation to new environments. Here we report changes in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway in stream-resident ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which have repeatedly evolved from ancestral marine ecotypes [5-8]. Stream-resident fish exhibit a lower plasma concentration of thyroid hormone and a lower metabolic rate, which is likely adaptive for permanent residency in small streams. The thyroid-stimulating hormone-beta 2 (TSH beta 2) gene exhibited significantly lower mRNA expression in pituitary glands of stream-resident sticklebacks relative to marine sticklebacks. Some of the difference in TSH beta 2 transcript levels can be explained by cis-regulatory differences at the TSP beta 2 gene locus. Consistent with these expression differences, a strong signature of divergent natural selection was found at the TSH beta 2genomic locus. By contrast, there were no differences between the marine and stream-resident ecotypes in mRNA levels or genomic sequence in the paralogous TSH beta 1 gene. Our data indicate that evolutionary changes in hormonal signaling have played an important role in the postglacial adaptive radiation of sticklebacks. C1 [Kitano, Jun; Kawagishi, Yui] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Kitano, Jun] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Kitano, Jun; Peichel, Catherine L.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Lema, Sean C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Lema, Sean C.; Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mori, Seiichi] Gifu Keizai Univ, Biol Lab, Gifu 5038550, Japan. [Kusakabe, Makoto] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kusakabe, Makoto] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Dept Marine Biosci, Chiba 2778564, Japan. RP Kitano, J (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM jkitano@m.tohoku.ac.jp FU Uehara Memorial Foundation; Brain Science Foundation; Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; National Institutes of Health [P50 HG02568]; JST FX We thank Ikumi Nakamura, Masakado Kawata, Manabu Kume, Jon Dickey, Felicity Jones, Frank Chan, David Kingsley, Yoshio Takei, Susumu Hyodo, Sanae Ogasawara, and Shaun McCann, as well as all members of the Peichel and Swanson laboratories, for valuable advice, discussion, and technical assistance. This work was supported by the Uehara Memorial Foundation (J.K.), the Brain Science Foundation (J.K.), JST PRESTO program (J.K.), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientist (B) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (J.K.), The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative (S.C.L.), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences (C.L.P.), and National Institutes of Health grant P50 HG02568 (C.L.P.). Sampling in Washington State was conducted under Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife permits to C.L.P. (05-049,06-159,07-047). Canadian and Japanese fish were collected with the courtesy of Dolph Schluter and Manabu Kume, respectively. All experiments were reviewed and approved by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (protocol 1575). NR 58 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 32 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 23 BP 2124 EP 2130 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.050 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 693GV UT WOS:000285213500027 PM 21093265 ER PT J AU Bowers, HA Messick, GA Hanif, A Jagus, R Carrion, L Zmora, O Schott, EJ AF Bowers, Holly A. Messick, Gretchen A. Hanif, Ammar Jagus, Rosemary Carrion, Lee Zmora, Oded Schott, Eric J. TI Physicochemical properties of double-stranded RNA used to discover a reo-like virus from blue crab Callinectes sapidus SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Reovirus; dsRNA; Disease; Callinectes sapidus; Aquaculture; Mortality ID CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER; PANULIRUS-ARGUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TAURA-SYNDROME; PENAEUS-VANNAMEI; VIRAL ETIOLOGY; RT-PCR; DISEASE; PURIFICATION; REPLICATION AB Mortality among blue crab Callinectes sapidus in soft shell production facilities is typically 25% or greater. The harvest, handling, and husbandry practices of soft shell crab production have the potential to spread or exacerbate infectious crab diseases. To investigate the possible role of viruses in soft shell crab mortalities, we took advantage of the physicochemical properties of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to isolate a putative virus genome. Further characterization confirmed the presence of a reo-like virus that possesses 12 dsRNA genome segments. The virus was present in > 50% of dead or dying soft shell crabs, but fewer than 5% of healthy hard crabs. Injection of the virus caused mortality and resulted in the appearance of viral RNA and virus inclusions in hemocytes. The genome of the virus was partially sequenced and the information used to develop a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay that is able to detect the virus genome in as little as 7.5 pg of total RNA. The molecular tools developed during this study will allow us to quantify prevalence of the blue crab reo-like virus in captive (soft shell facilities, aquaculture operations) and wild populations and facilitate understanding of the role this virus has in blue crab life history. C1 [Bowers, Holly A.; Hanif, Ammar; Jagus, Rosemary; Schott, Eric J.] Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Messick, Gretchen A.] Charleston USDOC NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Carrion, Lee] Coveside Crabs Inc, Dundalk, MD 21222 USA. [Zmora, Oded] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Schott, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM schott@umces.edu FU NOAA [NA17FU2841, NA06OAR4810163]; NOAA/NOS [EA133C07RQ0669]; Maryland SeaGrant [NA050AR417042] FX The authors express their gratitude to Sue Tyler, of NOAA Oxford Lab, for electron microscopy, Kelly Cox of Phillips Wharf Environmental Center (Tilghman, MD) and Ronnie Day (St. Marks, FL) for providing soft shell aquaculture blue crabs. We also thank Dr. Allen Place of the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technolgy, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (IMET/UMCES), for his helpful suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by a NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program grant (NA17FU2841) to Y. Zohar (IMET, University of Maryland Baltimore County), a NOAA/NOS contract (EA133C07RQ0669) to E.J.S., NOAA-Educational Partnership Program (LMRCSC) to funding to IMET (NA06OAR4810163 to R.J.), and Maryland SeaGrant (NA050AR417042) to E.J.S. This is publication 4467 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.3354/dao02280 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 694NO UT WOS:000285305100002 PM 21290893 ER PT J AU Bounoua, L Hall, FG Sellers, PJ Kumar, A Collatz, GJ Tucker, CJ Imhoff, ML AF Bounoua, L. Hall, F. G. Sellers, P. J. Kumar, A. Collatz, G. J. Tucker, C. J. Imhoff, M. L. TI Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A modeling approach SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NDVI DATA; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; WATER AB Several climate models indicate that in a 2 x CO(2) environment, temperature and precipitation would increase and runoff would increase faster than precipitation. These models, however, did not allow the vegetation to increase its leaf density as a response to the physiological effects of increased CO2 and consequent changes in climate. Other assessments included these interactions but did not account for the vegetation down-regulation to reduce plant's photosynthetic activity and as such resulted in a weak vegetation negative response. When we combine these interactions in climate simulations with 2 x CO(2), the associated increase in precipitation contributes primarily to increase evapotranspiration rather than surface runoff, consistent with observations, and results in an additional cooling effect not fully accounted for in previous simulations with elevated CO(2). By accelerating the water cycle, this feedback slows but does not alleviate the projected warming, reducing the land surface warming by 0.6 degrees C. Compared to previous studies, these results imply that long term negative feedback from CO(2)-induced increases in vegetation density could reduce temperature following a stabilization of CO(2) concentration. Citation: Bounoua, L., F. G. Hall, P. J. Sellers, A. Kumar, G. J. Collatz, C. J. Tucker, and M. L. Imhoff (2010), Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A modeling approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23701, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045338. C1 [Bounoua, L.; Hall, F. G.; Collatz, G. J.; Tucker, C. J.; Imhoff, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kumar, A.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Sellers, P. J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Hall, F. G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Bounoua, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM lahouari.bounoua@nasa.gov; forrest.g.hall@nasa.gov; piers.j.sellers@nasa.gov; arun.kumar@noaa.gov; george.j.collatz@nasa.gov; compton.j.tucker@nasa.gov; marc.l.imhoff@nasa.gov RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012 FU NASA FX We thank R. Betts for his insightful remarks. The work was partially supported by the NASA's LCLUC-program. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L23701 DI 10.1029/2010GL045338 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 693WC UT WOS:000285255100001 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Elipot, S AF Lumpkin, Rick Elipot, Shane TI Surface drifter pair spreading in the North Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY-SPECTRUM; CONSTANT-LEVEL BALLOONS; RELATIVE DISPERSION; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; UPPER OCEAN; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; SEA; CIRCULATION AB This study examines spreading of surface drifter pairs deployed as part of the CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamic Experiment (CLIMODE) project in the Gulf Stream region. The spreading is resolved at hourly resolution and quantified by relative dispersion and finite-scale Lyapunov exponents. At scales from 1-3 km to 300-500 km, the dispersion follows Richardson's law, indicating stirring by eddies comparable in scale to the pair separation distance. At larger scales, the spreading becomes a random walk described by a constant diffusivity. The behavior from 1-3 km to the local deformation radius is inconsistent with the enstrophy cascade of 2-D quasigeostrophic turbulence. To test various hypotheses for this result, drifter pair spreading is examined for pairs that were not launched together, pairs deployed in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, and CLIMODE pairs subsampled to daily temporal resolution. Our results indicate the presence of significant energy at the submesoscale in the Gulf Stream region which flattens the wave number spectrum and dominates surface stirring at this scale range. Results in the less energetic subtropical eastern Atlantic are more equivocal. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Elipot, Shane] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU National Science Foundation; Environment and Climate EU ENACT project [EVK2-CT2001-00117]; CNES; NASA; AMSR-E Science Team FX Dave Fratantoni and John Lund deployed many of the CLIMODE drifters described in this paper, and numerous individuals and organizations are responsible for the historical deployments. The authors had valuable discussions with numerous colleagues; interactions with Angelique Haza, Tamay Ozgkmen, Shafer Smith, Joe LaCasce, Patrice Klein, John Toole, Kevin Speer, Carter Ohlmann, Javier Beron-Vera, Bill Dewer, and John Marshall were particularly enlightening. Mayra Pazos, Erik Vades, and Jessica Redman prepared the quality-controlled drifter data for this study. Shaun Dolk and Craig Engler managed worldwide drifter deployments and orchestrated the ADB drifter clusters. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation as part of the CLIMODE project. Additional support was provided by NOAA's Office of Climate Observations and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The AVISO product was produced by the CLS Space Oceanography Division as part of the Environment and Climate EU ENACT project (EVK2-CT2001-00117) and with support from CNES. Microwave SST data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science REASON DISCOVER Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. Data are available at http://www.remss.com. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12017 DI 10.1029/2010JC006338 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 693XP UT WOS:000285259000005 ER PT J AU Kwak, KJ Valincius, G Liao, WC Hu, X Wen, XJ Lee, A Yu, B Vanderah, DJ Lu, W Lee, LJ AF Kwak, Kwang Joo Valincius, Gintaras Liao, Wei-Ching Hu, Xin Wen, Xuejin Lee, Andrew Yu, Bo Vanderah, David J. Lu, Wu Lee, L. James TI Formation and Finite Element Analysis of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Structures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; GOLD SURFACES; VESICLE ADSORPTION; SUPPORTED MEMBRANES; DOMAIN FORMATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; AFM; MODEL; TEMPERATURE AB Rapid solvent exchange of an ethanolic solution of diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPhyPC) in the presence of a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) [thiolipid/beta-mercaptoethanol (beta ME) (3/7 mol/mol) on Au] shows a transition from densely packed tethered bilayer lipid membranes [(dp)tBLMs], to loosely packed tethered bilayer lipid membranes [(lp)tBLMs], and tethered bilayer liposome nanoparticles (tBLNs) with decreasing DPhyPC concentration. The tethered lipidic constructs in the aqueous medium were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (A FM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to interpret spectral EIS features without referring to equivalent circuit modeling. Using structural data obtained earlier from neutron reflectometry and dielectric constants of lipid bilayers, we reproduced experimentally observed features of the electrochemical impedance (El) spectra of complex surface constructs involving small pinhole defects, large membrane-free patches, and bound liposomes. We demonstrated by FEA that highly insulating (dp)tBLMs with low-defect density exhibit El spectra in the shape of a perfect semicircle with or without low-frequency upward "tails" in the Cole-Cole representation. Such El spectra were observed at DPhyPC concentrations of >5 x 10(-3) mol L(-1). While AFM was not able to visualize very small lateral defects in such films, El spectra unambiguously signaled their presence by increased low frequency "tails". Using FEA we demonstrate that films with large diameter visible defects (> 25 nm by AFM) produce El spectral features consisting of two semicircles of comparable size. Such films were typically obtained at DPhyPC concentrations of < 5 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) At DPhyPC concentrations of < 1.0 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) the planar bilayer structures were replaced by ellipsoidal liposomes with diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm as observed in AFM images. Despite the distinct surface morphology change, the El curves exhibited two semicircle spectral features typical for the large size defects in planar tBLMs. FEA revealed that, to account for these El features for bound liposome systems (50-500 nm diameter), one needs to assume much lower tBLM conductivities of the submembrane space, which separates the electrode surface and the phospholipid bilayer. Alternatively, FEA indicates that such features may also be observed on composite surfaces containing both bound liposomes and patches of planar bilayers. Triple semicircular features, observed in some of the experimental El curves, were attributed to an increased complexity of the real tBLMs. The modeling demonstrated that such features are typical for heterogeneous tBLM surfaces containing large patches of different defectiveness levels. By integrating AFM, EIS, and FEA data, our work provides diagnostic criteria allowing the precise characterization of the properties and the morphology of surface supported bilayer systems. C1 [Kwak, Kwang Joo; Liao, Wei-Ching; Hu, Xin; Wen, Xuejin; Yu, Bo; Lu, Wu; Lee, L. James] Ohio State Univ, NSEC CANPBD, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kwak, Kwang Joo; Yu, Bo; Lee, L. James] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Valincius, Gintaras] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Biochem, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Liao, Wei-Ching] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wen, Xuejin; Lu, Wu] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lee, Andrew] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Macromol Struct & Funct Grp, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Lee, LJ (reprint author), 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lee.31@osu.edu OI Wen, Xuejin/0000-0002-6009-7487 FU National Science Foundation [EEC 0425626]; Biochemical Science Division in the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL); Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL); NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) through NIST [70NANB9H9135]; Research Council of Lithuania [AUT-15/2010] FX This work was supported by Grant EEC 0425626 from the National Science Foundation. Authors acknowledge valuable comments and suggestions from Professor Ron Larson and Ms. Susan Duncan at the University of Michigan. G.V. acknowledges support from the Biochemical Science Division in the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL), the Semiconductor Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL), and the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) through NIST Grant 70NANB9H9135 to Michael Paulaitis (The Ohio State University), and support from the Research Council of Lithuania through Grant AUT-15/2010. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 23 BP 18199 EP 18208 DI 10.1021/la1021802 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 686XM UT WOS:000284732300062 PM 20977245 ER PT J AU Guo, DJ Abdulagatov, AI Rourke, DM Bertness, KA George, SM Lee, YC Tan, W AF Guo, D. J. Abdulagatov, A. I. Rourke, D. M. Bertness, K. A. George, S. M. Lee, Y. C. Tan, W. TI GaN Nanowire Functionalized with Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques for Enhanced Immobilization of Biomolecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID STREPTAVIDIN; BIOTIN; GROWTH; SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; BIOSENSORS; EPITAXY; BINDING AB We report the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating as a nanobiosensor functionalization strategy for enhanced surface immobilization that may enable higher detection sensitivity. Three kinds of A LD coating films, Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2, were grown on the gallium nitride nanowire (GaN NW) surfaces and characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and vacuum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results from HRTEM showed that the thicknesses of ALD-Al2O3, ALD-TiO2 and ALD-SiO2 coatings were 4-5 tun, 5-6 nm, and 12-14 nm, respectively. Results from FTIR showed that the OH contents of these coatings were, respectively, similar to 6.9, similar to 7.4, and similar to 9.3 times that of piranha-treated GaN NW. Furthermore, to compare protein attachments on the different surfaces, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-biotin was grafted on the OH-functionalized GaN NW surfaces through active Si-Cl functional groups. Streptavidin protein molecules were then attached to the biotin ends via specific binding. The immobilized streptavidin molecules were examined with scanning electron microscopy, HRTEM, and fluorescent imaging. Results from HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray revealed that the nitrogen concentrations on the three ALD coatings were significantly higher than that on the piranha-treated surface. Results from fluorescent imaging further showed that the protein attachments on the Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2 ALD coatings were, respectively, 6.4, 7.8, and 9.8 times that of piranha-treated surface. This study demonstrates that ALD coating can be used as a functionalization strategy for nanobiosensors because it is capable of creating functional groups with much higher density compared to widely used acid modifications, and among the three A LD coatings, ALD-SiO2 yielded the most promising results in OH content and protein attachment. C1 [Guo, D. J.; Lee, Y. C.; Tan, W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Abdulagatov, A. I.; George, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rourke, D. M.; Bertness, K. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, Y. C.] DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO USA. [Tan, W.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Bioengn, Aurora, CO USA. [Tan, W.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Aurora, CO USA. RP Tan, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wtan@Colorado.Edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 FU YFA [HR0011-08-1-0041]; DARPAN/MEMS [N66001-10-1-4007]; National Natural Science Foundation in China [50805076] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Shao-Jie Fu for helping with FESEM imaging and Mrs. Zhi-Ping Zhou for HRTEM imaging. This work was supported by YFA HR0011-08-1-0041 (W.T.), DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (N66001-10-1-4007) (Dr. D. L. Polla, Program Manager), and National Natural Science Foundation in China no. 50805076. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 7 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 23 BP 18382 EP 18391 DI 10.1021/la103337a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 686XM UT WOS:000284732300085 PM 21033757 ER PT J AU Hughes, PP Coplan, MA Thompson, AK Vest, RE Clark, CW AF Hughes, Patrick P. Coplan, Michael A. Thompson, Alan K. Vest, Robert E. Clark, Charles W. TI Far-ultraviolet signatures of the He-3(n, tp) reaction in noble gas mixtures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCIMER LIGHT-SOURCE; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; XENON; RADIATION; EMISSION; MODEL AB Previous work showed that the He-3(n,tp) reaction in a cell of He-3 at atmospheric pressure generated tens of far-ultraviolet photons per reacted neutron. Here we report amplification of that signal by factors of 1000 and more when noble gases are added to the cell. Calibrated filter-detector measurements show that this large signal is due to noble gas excimer emissions and that the nuclear reaction energy is converted to far-ultraviolet radiation with efficiencies of up to 30%. The results have been placed on an absolute scale through calibrations at the NIST SURF III synchrotron. They suggest possibilities for high-efficiency neutron detectors as an alternative to existing proportional counters. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3521285] C1 [Hughes, Patrick P.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coplan, Michael A.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hughes, PP (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.clark@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 23 AR 234105 DI 10.1063/1.3521285 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695IO UT WOS:000285364000090 ER PT J AU Vissers, MR Gao, J Wisbey, DS Hite, DA Tsuei, CC Corcoles, AD Steffen, M Pappas, DP AF Vissers, M. R. Gao, J. Wisbey, D. S. Hite, D. A. Tsuei, C. C. Corcoles, A. D. Steffen, M. Pappas, D. P. TI Low loss superconducting titanium nitride coplanar waveguide resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTANCE; STATES AB Thin films of TiN were sputter-deposited onto Si and sapphire wafers with and without SiN buffer layers. The films were fabricated into rf coplanar waveguide resonators, and internal quality factor measurements were taken at millikelvin temperatures in both the many photon and single photon limits, i.e., high and low electric field regimes, respectively. At high field, we found the highest internal quality factors (similar to 10(7)) were measured for TiN with predominantly a (200)-TiN orientation. The (200)-TiN is favored for growth at high temperature on either bare Si or SiN buffer layers. However, growth on bare sapphire or Si(100) at low temperature resulted in primarily a (111)-TiN orientation. Ellipsometry and Auger measurements indicate that the (200)-TiN growth on the bare Si substrates is correlated with the formation of a thin, approximate to 2 nm, layer of SiN during the predeposition procedure. On these surfaces we found a significant increase of Q(i) for both high and low electric field regimes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517252] C1 [Vissers, M. R.; Gao, J.; Wisbey, D. S.; Hite, D. A.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tsuei, C. C.; Corcoles, A. D.; Steffen, M.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Vissers, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.pappas@boulder.nist.gov RI Corcoles, Antonio/H-6291-2012 FU IC postdoctoral program FX The authors would like to thank Ben Mazin and Jonas Zmuidzinas for the insightful discussions as well as Thomas Ohki and Chris Lirakis at BBN for guidance throughout the course of the work. C.C.T. wishes to thank K. Saenger for useful discussions on XRD measurement. David Wisby was supported through the IC postdoctoral program. NR 20 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 23 AR 232509 DI 10.1063/1.3517252 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 695IO UT WOS:000285364000051 ER PT J AU Bentlage, B AF Bentlage, Bastian TI Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bentlage, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM bentlage@ku.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 6 PY 2010 IS 2713 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 690JV UT WOS:000285001700003 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, O. V. TI Elastic response of floating glacier ice to impact of long-period ocean waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; SHELF RIFT PROPAGATION; BOTTOM CREVASSES; CALVING GLACIERS; TIDAL FLEXURE; ANTARCTICA; STREAM; PENETRATION; MARGINS; TONGUE AB Disintegration of ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula over the past two decades has clearly demonstrated their high sensitivity to recent changes in the local thermal regime of the atmosphere and ocean and has given rise to the question of whether mechanical coupling with waves in the ocean may provide the triggering mechanism that starts collapse events. Motivated by these events, this study considers a more general question: how ocean waves affect the stress regime of floating ice, and in particular, how ocean waves can influence the creation of fractures and its fatiguing that may lead to breakup and collapse. A new treatment of ice shelf/ocean wave interaction in which the typical "thin plate" approximation is relaxed is presented here, and exact, analytic solutions describing ice shelf stresses induced by long (>60 s period) ocean waves in various idealized ice/ocean geometries are derived. The numerical calculations demonstrate that the amplitudes of the wave-induced stresses are sufficiently large to initiate top to bottom crevasse penetration through the depth of the ice shelf. The cyclic nature of the wave-induced stresses contributes to ice fatigue and damage that is also a precursor to ice shelf disintegration. Although primarily theoretical, the results of the present analysis suggest that ocean waves could be a potential trigger of ice shelf collapse as well as less dramatic, but equally important, episodic calving. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU NSF [OPP-0838811, CMG-0934534] FX I would like to thank Doug MacAyeal, Allan Rubin, Peter Bromirski, Christina Hulbe, and Richard Hindmarsh for fruitful discussions and for help with initial drafts of the manuscript. Constructive criticism and valuable comments provided by Jeremy Bassis, the Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. This research is supported by a NSF grants OPP-0838811 and CMG-0934534. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD DEC 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR F04028 DI 10.1029/2010JF001721 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 690QG UT WOS:000285018700001 ER PT J AU Papa, F Durand, F Rossow, WB Rahman, A Bala, SK AF Papa, Fabrice Durand, Fabien Rossow, William B. Rahman, Atiqur Bala, Sujit K. TI Satellite altimeter-derived monthly discharge of the Ganga-Brahmaputra River and its seasonal to interannual variations from 1993 to 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID BARRIER-LAYER FORMATION; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; RADAR ALTIMETRY; SUMMER MONSOON; AMAZON BASIN; ARABIAN SEA; BENGAL; BAY; BANGLADESH; PRECIPITATION AB The Ganga-Brahmaputra accounts for similar to 25% of the total amount of freshwater received by the Bay of Bengal. Using daily in situ river discharge data along with altimetry-derived river heights, the present study aims to produce a monthly data set of altimetry-derived Ganga-Brahmaputra River discharge at the river mouths for 1993-2008. First, we estimate the standard error of ENVISAT-derived water levels over the Ganga to be 0.26 m, much smaller than the range of variability of similar to 7 m, and consistent with the accuracy of altimeter measurements over large rivers. We then establish rating curves between altimetry-derived water levels and in situ river discharges and show that TOPEX-Poseidon, ERS-2, and ENVISAT data can successfully be used to infer Ganga and Brahmaputra discharge. The mean error on the estimated daily discharge derived from altimetry ranges from similar to 15% (similar to 4700 m(3)/s) using TOPEX-Poseidon over the Brahmaputra to similar to 36% (similar to 9000 m(3)/s) using ERS-2 over the Ganga. Combined Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharges for 1993-2008 are presented, showing a mean error of similar to 17% (similar to 2700 m(3)/s), within the range (15%-20%) of acceptable accuracy for discharge measurements. During 2004-2008, we assess the variability of the estimate against precipitation and river heights records. Finally, we present a basic approach to infer Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharge at the river mouths. The upscaled discharge exhibits a marked interannual variability with a standard deviation in excess of similar to 12,500 m(3)/s, much larger than the data set uncertainty. This new data set represents an unprecedented source of information to quantify continental freshwater forcing flux into Indian Ocean circulation models. C1 [Papa, Fabrice; Rossow, William B.; Rahman, Atiqur] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Durand, Fabien] IRD LEGOS, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. [Bala, Sujit K.] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Inst Water & Flood Management, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Papa, F (reprint author), IRD LEGOS, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM fpapa@giss.nasa.gov RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; DURAND, Fabien/G-4229-2016; Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009 OI DURAND, Fabien/0000-0001-9660-1422; Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253 FU NASA [NNDX7AO90E] FX We thank both anonymous reviewers who helped us to improve our manuscript. This study is funded by NASA's NEWS grant NNDX7AO90E managed by Jared K. Entin. We are indebted to the people who collected in situ hydrological observations. We thank Jean-Francois Cretaux (LEGOS-CNES) for his suggestions and comments. NR 56 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C12013 DI 10.1029/2009JC006075 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 690QM UT WOS:000285019300002 ER PT J AU Clilverd, MA Rodger, CJ Gamble, RJ Ulich, T Raita, T Seppala, A Green, JC Thomson, NR Sauvaud, JA Parrot, M AF Clilverd, Mark A. Rodger, Craig J. Gamble, Rory J. Ulich, Thomas Raita, Tero Seppala, Annika Green, Janet C. Thomson, Neil R. Sauvaud, Jean-Andre Parrot, Michel TI Ground-based estimates of outer radiation belt energetic electron precipitation fluxes into the atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER; AMPLITUDE; STORMS; WAVES; PHASE AB AARDDVARK data from a radio wave receiver in Sodankyla, Finland have been used to monitor transmissions across the auroral oval and just into the polar cap from the very low frequency communications transmitter, call sign NAA (24.0 kHz, 44 degrees N, 67 degrees W, L = 2.9), in Maine, USA, since 2004. The transmissions are influenced by outer radiation belt (L = 3-7) energetic electron precipitation. In this study, we have been able to show that the observed transmission amplitude variations can be used to determine routinely the flux of energetic electrons entering the upper atmosphere along the total path and between 30 and 90 km. Our analysis of the NAA observations shows that electron precipitation fluxes can vary by 3 orders of magnitude during geomagnetic storms. Typically when averaging over L = 3-7 we find that the >100 keV POES "trapped" fluxes peak at about 10(6) el. cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) during geomagnetic storms, with the DEMETER >100 keV drift loss cone showing peak fluxes of 105 el. cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), and both the POES >100 keV "loss" fluxes and the NAA ground-based >100 keV precipitation fluxes showing peaks of similar to 10(4) el. cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1). During a geomagnetic storm in July 2005, there were systematic MLT variations in the fluxes observed: electron precipitation flux in the midnight sector (22-06 MLT) exceeded the fluxes from the morning side (0330-1130 MLT) and also from the afternoon sector (1130-1930 MLT). The analysis of NAA amplitude variability has the potential of providing a detailed, near real-time, picture of energetic electron precipitation fluxes from the outer radiation belts. C1 [Clilverd, Mark A.; Seppala, Annika] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Rodger, Craig J.; Gamble, Rory J.; Thomson, Neil R.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Parrot, Michel] Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Ulich, Thomas; Raita, Tero] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. [Sauvaud, Jean-Andre] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Seppala, Annika] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Clilverd, MA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM macl@bas.ac.uk; crodger@physics.otago.ac.nz; rgamble@physics.otago.ac.nz; thu@sgo.fi; tero.raita@sgo.fi; annika.seppala@bas.ac.uk; janet.green@noaa.gov; n_thomson@physics.otago.ac.nz; sauvaud@cesr.fr; mparrot@cnrs-orleans.fr RI Seppala, Annika/C-8031-2014; Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011 OI Seppala, Annika/0000-0002-5028-8220; Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707 FU Finnish Academy; LAPBIAT2 program [RITA-CT-2006-025969]; EPPIC [PIEF-GA-2009-237461]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) FX The collection, analysis, and interpretation of AARDDVARK data have been supported by funding from the Finnish Academy. We would also like to acknowledge the funding of the LAPBIAT2 program (contract RITA-CT-2006-025969). The work of A. S. was supported by the EPPIC Marie Curie FP7 project (PIEF-GA-2009-237461). The work of J.A.S. and M. P. was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). C.J.R. is a Guest Investigator inside the DEMETER program. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12304 DI 10.1029/2010JA015638 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 690QT UT WOS:000285020000010 ER PT J AU Rodger, CJ Carson, BR Cummer, SA Gamble, RJ Clilverd, MA Green, JC Sauvaud, JA Parrot, M Berthelier, JJ AF Rodger, Craig J. Carson, Bonar R. Cummer, Steven A. Gamble, Rory J. Clilverd, Mark A. Green, Janet C. Sauvaud, Jean-Andre Parrot, Michel Berthelier, Jean-Jacques TI Contrasting the efficiency of radiation belt losses caused by ducted and nonducted whistler-mode waves from ground-based transmitters SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SIGNALS; PRECIPITATION; DEMETER AB It has long been recognized that whistler-mode waves can be trapped in plasmaspheric whistler ducts which guide the waves. For nonguided cases these waves are said to be "nonducted", which is dominant for L < 1.6. Wave-particle interactions are affected by the wave being ducted or nonducted. In the field-aligned ducted case, first-order cyclotron resonance is dominant, whereas nonducted interactions open up a much wider range of energies through equatorial and off-equatorial resonance. There is conflicting information as to whether the most significant particle loss processes are driven by ducted or nonducted waves. In this study we use loss cone observations from the DEMETER and POES low-altitude satellites to focus on electron losses driven by powerful VLF communications transmitters. Both satellites confirm that there are well-defined enhancements in the flux of electrons in the drift loss cone due to ducted transmissions from the powerful transmitter with call sign NWC. Typically, similar to 80% of DEMETER nighttime orbits to the east of NWC show electron flux enhancements in the drift loss cone, spanning a L range consistent with first-order cyclotron theory, and inconsistent with nonducted resonances. In contrast, similar to 1% or less of nonducted transmissions originate from NPM-generated electron flux enhancements. While the waves originating from these two transmitters have been predicted to lead to similar levels of pitch angle scattering, we find that the enhancements from NPM are at least 50 times smaller than those from NWC. This suggests that lower-latitude, nonducted VLF waves are much less effective in driving radiation belt pitch angle scattering. C1 [Rodger, Craig J.; Carson, Bonar R.; Gamble, Rory J.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. [Berthelier, Jean-Jacques] Ctr Etudes Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94100 St Maur Des Fosses, France. [Clilverd, Mark A.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Parrot, Michel] Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Sauvaud, Jean-Andre] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RP Rodger, CJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Phys, POB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand. EM crodger@physics.otago.ac.nz; bonar@physics.otago.ac.nz; cummer@ee.duke.edu; rgamble@physics.otago.ac.nz; macl@bas.ac.uk; janet.green@noaa.gov; sauvaud@cesr.fr; mparrot@cnrs-orleans.fr; jean-jacques.berthelier@cetp.ipsl.fr RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011 OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); NSF FX C.J.R. would like to thank Erin Darnton of Christchurch for her support. The work of J.A.S. and M. P. was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), while C.J.R. is a Guest Investigator inside the DEMETER program. S. A. C. was supported by a grant from the NSF Aeronomy program. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A12208 DI 10.1029/2010JA015880 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 690QT UT WOS:000285020000016 ER PT J AU Chen, MT Lin, XP Chang, YP Chen, YC Lo, L Shen, CC Yokoyama, Y Oppo, DW Thompson, WG Zhang, R AF Chen, M. -T. Lin, X. P. Chang, Y. -P. Chen, Y. -C. Lo, L. Shen, C. -C. Yokoyama, Y. Oppo, D. W. Thompson, W. G. Zhang, R. TI Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LAST DEGLACIATION; SULU SEA; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; LINK; CIRCULATION; ANTARCTICA; GREENLAND AB Ice core records of polar temperatures and greenhouse gases document abrupt millennial-scale oscillations that suggest the reduction or shutdown of thermohaline Circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic Ocean may induce the abrupt cooling in the northern hemisphere. It remains unknown, however, whether the sea surface temperature (SST) is cooling or warming in the Kuroshio of the Northwestern Pacific during the cooling event. Here we present an AMS C-14-dated foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST record from the central Okinawa Trough and document that the SST variations exhibit two steps of warming since 21 ka - at 14.7 ka and 12.8 ka, and a cooling (similar to 1.5 degrees C) during the interval of the Younger Dryas. By contrast, we observed no SST change or oceanic warming (similar to 1.5-2 degrees C) during the episodes of Northern Hemisphere cooling between similar to 21-40 ka. We therefore suggest that the "Antarctic-like" timing and amplitude of millennial-scale SST variations in the subtropical Northwestern Pacific between 20-40 ka may have been determined by rapid ocean adjustment processes in response to abrupt wind stress and meridional temperature gradient changes in the North Pacific. Citation: Chen, M.-T., X. P. Lin, Y.-P. Chang, Y.-C. Chen, L. Lo, C.-C. Shen, Y. Yokoyama, D. W. Oppo, W. G. Thompson, and R. Zhang (2010), Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045202. C1 [Chen, M. -T.; Chang, Y. -P.; Chen, Y. -C.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Appl Geosci, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Lin, X. P.] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Lo, L.; Shen, C. -C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Yokoyama, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Yokoyama, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778564, Japan. [Yokoyama, Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Biogeosci, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Oppo, D. W.; Thompson, W. G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zhang, R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Chen, MT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Appl Geosci, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. EM mtchen@ntou.edu.tw RI Chang, Yuan-Pin/C-1656-2009; Yokoyama, Yusuke/N-9623-2013; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013 OI SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; Chang, Yuan-Pin/0000-0001-8147-7860; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; FU National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan [NSC96-2611-M-019-008, NSC96-2611-M-019-009, NSC98-2611-M002-006]; Natural Science Foundation of China [40930844, 40706006]; China's National Basic Research Priorities Programmer [2005CB422303, 2007CB411804]; 111 Project [B07036]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NECT-07-0781] FX This research was funded by the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan to M.T.C. (NSC96-2611-M-019-008 and NSC96-2611-M-019-009) and C.C.S. (NSC98-2611-M002-006). X.P.L. was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (40930844 and 40706006), China's National Basic Research Priorities Programmer (2005CB422303 and 2007CB411804), 111 Project (B07036), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NECT-07-0781). Special thanks to Lixin Wu for his comments and data support. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L23603 DI 10.1029/2010GL045202 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 690OW UT WOS:000285015100003 ER PT J AU Sun, BM Reale, A Seidel, DJ Hunt, DC AF Sun, Bomin Reale, Anthony Seidel, Dian J. Hunt, Douglas C. TI Comparing radiosonde and COSMIC atmospheric profile data to quantify differences among radiosonde types and the effects of imperfect collocation on comparison statistics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INFRARED SOUNDER TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; GROUND-BASED GPS; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; OCCULTATION; CLIMATE; SENSORS; ERRORS AB Collocated global atmospheric temperature, humidity, and refractivity profiles from radiosondes and from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data for April 2008 to October 2009 are compared for two purposes. The first is to quantify the error characteristics of 12 radiosonde types flown in the global operational network, as a function of height and for both day and nighttime observations, for each of the three variables. The second is to determine the effects of imperfect temporal and spatial collocation on the radiosonde-COSMIC differences, for application to the general problem of satellite calibration and validation using in situ sounding data. Statistical analyses of the comparisons reveal differences among radiosonde types in refractivity, relative humidity, and radiation-corrected temperature data. Most of the radiosonde types show a dry bias, particularly in the upper troposphere, with the bias in daytime drier than in nighttime. Weather-scale variability, introduced by collocation time and distance mismatch, affects the comparison of radiosonde and COSMIC data by increasing the standard deviation errors, which are generally proportional to the size of the time and distance mismatch within the collocation window of 6 h and 250 km considered. Globally, in the troposphere (850-200 hPa), the collocation mismatch impacts on the comparison standard deviation errors for temperature are 0.35 K per 3 h and 0.42 K per 100 km and, for relative humidity, are 3.3% per 3 h and 3.1% per 100 km, indicating an approximate equivalence of 3 h to 100 km in terms of mismatch impact. C1 [Sun, Bomin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Hunt, Douglas C.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sun, Bomin; Reale, Anthony] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sun, BM (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd,Ste 300, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM bomin.sun@noaa.gov RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 FU NOAA Integrated Program Office (IPO); Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) FX The authors are grateful to Steve Schroeder (Texas A&M University), Bradley Ballish and Dennis Keyser (NOAA NCEP), and Carl Bower (NOAA NWS) for discussions on radiosonde data and instrument characteristics. Melissa Free and Christoph A. Vogel (NOAA ARL) provided valuable comments on the revision of this paper. Three anonymous reviewers suggested important revision to the original manuscript. Thanks also go to Michael Pettey and Frank Tilley (I. M. Systems Group) for their technical support. This work was funded by the NOAA Integrated Program Office (IPO) for Cross-Track Infrared Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS) Environmental Data Record (EDR) calibration and validation (Cal/Val) in support of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). NR 38 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23104 DI 10.1029/2010JD014457 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690PQ UT WOS:000285017100011 ER PT J AU Veres, P Roberts, JM Burling, IR Warneke, C de Gouw, J Yokelson, RJ AF Veres, Patrick Roberts, James M. Burling, Ian R. Warneke, Carsten de Gouw, Joost Yokelson, Robert J. TI Measurements of gas-phase inorganic and organic acids from biomass fires by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; NI-PT-CIMS; LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS; SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS EXPERIMENT; MOLECULE REACTIONS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPICAL FOREST; NITROUS-ACID AB Emissions from 34 laboratory biomass fires were investigated at the combustion facility of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. Gas-phase organic and inorganic acids were quantified using negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS), open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). NI-PT-CIMS is a novel technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions generated from reactions of acetate (CH3C(O)O-) ions with inorganic and organic acids. The emission ratios for various important reactive acids with respect to CO were determined. Emission ratios for isocyanic acid (HNCO), 1,2 and 1,3-benzenediols (catechol, resorcinol), nitrous acid (HONO), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, propionic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, and glycolic acid were measured from biomass burning. Our measurements show that there is a significant amount of HONO in fresh smoke. The NI-PT-CIMS measurements were validated by comparison with OP-FTIR measurements of HONO and formic acid (HCOOH) and with PTR-MS measurements of HCOOH. C1 [Veres, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veres, Patrick; Roberts, James M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Burling, Ian R.; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Veres, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.veres@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU CIRES innovative research program; NSF [ATM1542457]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1649] FX The authors would like to thank David Weise, Timothy Johnson, and David Cocker for their coordination of the FSL experiments. We also want to thank those from the national forest service who helped coordinate the preburn and postburn fuel management and field collection of the fuels used. The CIRES innovative research program and NSF grant ATM1542457 supported the NOAA portion of this research. We also thank the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) sustainable infrastructure program, project SI-1649, for their support. NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 65 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23302 DI 10.1029/2010JD014033 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690PQ UT WOS:000285017100006 ER PT J AU Tung, S Lamporesi, G Lobser, D Xia, L Cornell, EA AF Tung, S. Lamporesi, G. Lobser, D. Xia, L. Cornell, E. A. TI Observation of the Presuperfluid Regime in a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS SYMMETRY GROUP; LONG-RANGE ORDER; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SYSTEMS; DESTRUCTION AB In complementary images of coordinate-space and momentum-space density in a trapped 2D Bose gas, we observe the emergence of presuperfluid behavior. As phase-space density rho increases toward degenerate values, we observe a gradual divergence of the compressibility kappa from the value predicted by a bare-atom model, kappa(ba).kappa/kappa(ba) grows to 1.7 before rho reaches the value for which we observe the sudden emergence of a spike at p = 0 in momentum space. Momentum-space images are acquired by means of a 2D focusing technique. Our data represent the first observation of non-mean-field physics in the presuperfluid but degenerate 2D Bose gas. C1 [Tung, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tung, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Lamporesi, Giacomo/H-7226-2012; Xia, Lin/E-1903-2017 OI Lamporesi, Giacomo/0000-0002-3491-4738; FU NSF; ONR FX We are very pleased to acknowledge useful conversations with Z. Hadzibabic, J. Dalibard, W. Phillips, M. Holzmann, C. Chin, A. Imambekov, L.-K. Lim, and V. Gurarie. This work was supported by NSF and ONR. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 23 AR 230408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.230408 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 713KL UT WOS:000286736800004 PM 21231437 ER PT J AU Blight, LK Ainley, DG Ackley, SF Ballard, G Ballerini, T Brownell, RL Cheng, CHC Chiantore, M Costa, D Coulter, MC Dayton, P Devries, AL Dunbar, R Earle, S Eastman, JT Emslie, SD Evans, CW Garrott, RA Kim, S Kooyman, G Lescroel, A Lizotte, M Massaro, M Olmastroni, S Ponganis, PJ Russell, J Siniff, DB Smith, WO Stewart, BS Stirling, I Willis, J Wilson, P Woehler, EJ AF Blight, Louise K. Ainley, David G. Ackley, Stephen F. Ballard, Grant Ballerini, Tosca Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Cheng, C-H Christina Chiantore, Mariachiara Costa, Daniel Coulter, Malcolm C. Dayton, Paul Devries, Arthur L. Dunbar, Robert Earle, Sylvia Eastman, Joseph T. Emslie, Steven D. Evans, Clive W. Garrott, Robert A. Kim, Stacy Kooyman, Gerald Lescroel, Amelie Lizotte, Michael Massaro, Melanie Olmastroni, Silvia Ponganis, Paul J. Russell, Joellen Siniff, Donald B. Smith, Walker O., Jr. Stewart, Brent S. Stirling, Ian Willis, Jay Wilson, Peter Woehler, Eric J. TI Fishing for Data in the Ross Sea SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ANTARCTIC TOOTHFISH; ECOSYSTEM C1 [Blight, Louise K.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA. [Ackley, Stephen F.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Ballard, Grant] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Ballerini, Tosca] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Cheng, C-H Christina; Devries, Arthur L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chiantore, Mariachiara] Univ Genoa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. [Costa, Daniel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Coulter, Malcolm C.] Specialist Grp Storks Ibises & Spoonbills, Chocorua, NH 03817 USA. [Dayton, Paul; Kooyman, Gerald; Ponganis, Paul J.] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dunbar, Robert] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Earle, Sylvia] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20090 USA. [Eastman, Joseph T.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Emslie, Steven D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Evans, Clive W.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kim, Stacy] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95062 USA. [Lescroel, Amelie] Univ Rennes 1, UMR 7204, Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Lizotte, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Sustainabil Off, Oshkosh, WI 54902 USA. [Massaro, Melanie] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci & Gateway Antarctica, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Olmastroni, Silvia] Univ Siena, Dept Environm Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Russell, Joellen] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Siniff, Donald B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Smith, Walker O., Jr.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Stewart, Brent S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Willis, Jay] HR Wallingford Ltd, Wallingford OX10 8BA, Oxon, England. [Woehler, Eric J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia. RP Blight, LK (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM lkblight@interchange.ubc.ca RI Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6009 BP 1316 EP 1316 DI 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 689BK UT WOS:000284902100008 PM 21127229 ER PT J AU Tsao, CS Li, M Zhang, Y Leao, JB Chiang, WS Chung, TY Tzeng, YR Yu, MS Chen, SH AF Tsao, Cheng-Si Li, Mingda Zhang, Yang Leao, Juscelino B. Chiang, Wei-Shan Chung, Tsui-Yun Tzeng, Yi-Ren Yu, Ming-Sheng Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Probing the Room Temperature Spatial Distribution of Hydrogen in Nanoporous Carbon by Use of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; STORAGE CAPACITY; NANOPARTICLES; NANOSPACES; ADSORPTION; MICROPORE; SPILLOVER; MECHANISM; PLATINUM AB The spatial distribution of hydrogen physically adsorbed in a nanoporous carbon at room temperature (RT) as a function of H-2 gas pressure is investigated for the first time using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). A hierarchical pore structure consisting of micropores and a fractal mesopore network of the used activated carbon is also studied to correlate the relationship between the spatial distribution of hydrogen and the pore confinement. The cylinder-like cluster of aggregated hydrogen is formed and is confined in the disklike micropore. The evolution of spatial structures of adsorbed hydrogen with hydrogen pressure is elucidated. A direct experimental observation of the spatial distribution and the behavior of hydrogen adsorbed in the porous materials at RT is still scarce to date. The analysis results obtained by SANS provide new information for the future investigations of the RT storage mechanism of hydrogen in the nanoporous materials developed for the purpose of on-board hydrogen storage. C1 [Tsao, Cheng-Si; Li, Mingda; Zhang, Yang; Chiang, Wei-Shan; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tsao, Cheng-Si; Chung, Tsui-Yun; Tzeng, Yi-Ren; Yu, Ming-Sheng] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan. [Leao, Juscelino B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012 OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342 FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429] FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE Grants DE-FG02-90ER45429. We greatly appreciate technical assistance of Dr. Yun Liu during this experiment. We thank NIST Center for Neutron Research for allocation of neutron beam time in NG-7 SANS. C.-S.T. acknowledges the hospitality of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering of MIT during his stay as a Visiting Scientist. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 2 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 47 BP 19895 EP 19900 DI 10.1021/jp1055039 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 683ET UT WOS:000284455200003 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, JE Curry, JJ AF Sansonetti, J. E. Curry, J. J. TI Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectra of Barium, (Ba (III) through Ba (LVI)) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RELATIVISTIC MANY-BODY; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; NE-LIKE IONS; EQUAL-TO 92; MAGNETIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; SODIUM-LIKE IONS AB Energy levels, with designations and uncertainties, have been compiled for the spectra of barium (Z=56) ions from doubly ionized to hydrogenlike. Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities are also tabulated. In addition, ground states and ionization energies are listed. For many ionization stages experimental data are available; however, for those for which only theoretical calculations or fitted values exist, these are reported. There are a few ionization stages for which only a calculated ionization potential is available. (C) 2010 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.. [doi: 10.1063/1.3432516] C1 [Sansonetti, J. E.; Curry, J. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jean.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 175 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 4 AR 043103 DI 10.1063/1.3432516 PG 99 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 700UJ UT WOS:000285769500003 ER PT J AU Remley, KA AF Remley, Kate A. TI A Little Friendly Competition SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM microwave.editor@ieee.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 7 BP 6 EP + DI 10.1109/MMM.2010.939012 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 685BK UT WOS:000284598800001 ER PT J AU Moore, S Schantz, M MacCrehan, W AF Moore, Stephanie Schantz, Michele MacCrehan, William TI Characterization of Three Types of Semtex (H, 1A, and 10) SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (EGDN); Hexahydro 1 3,5 Trinitro 1,3,5 Tnazine (RDX); Pentraerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN); Semtex; Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; EXPLOSIVES; ANTIOXIDANTS; STABILIZERS AB Solid phase microextraction and solvent extraction were used with GC/MS to determine the vapor and compositional profile of three samples of Semtex (1A H and 10) Semtex is reported to contain PETN and/or RDX, along with plasticizers, binding materials, and fuel oil components In an effort to differentiate and compare these three variations of Semtex this report summarizes the headspace and solvent extraction results for each material Components that can be used to differentiate varieties of Semtex were identified and all three Semtex profiles were distinguished C1 [Moore, Stephanie] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Schantz, Michele; MacCrehan, William] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moore, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC 09 X 00424] FX The authors would like to thank the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate, contract HSHQDC 09 X 00424, for funding this project The authors would also like to thank Michelle Reardon, BATFE for providing the Semtex sample donations In addition, a special thanks to Bruce Benner for his knowledge and assistance NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 6 BP 540 EP 549 DI 10.1002/prep.200900100 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 702LZ UT WOS:000285897500006 ER PT J AU Chen, YA Mojarradi, M Suehle, J Westergard, L AF Chen, Yuan Mojarradi, Mohammad Suehle, John Westergard, Lynett TI Introduction to the Extreme Environment Technology and Reliability Special Issue SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chen, Yuan] NASA, Hampton, VA USA. [Mojarradi, Mohammad] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Suehle, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Westergard, Lynett] ON Semicond, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. RP Chen, YA (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 417 EP 417 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2088810 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 712PZ UT WOS:000286680000001 ER PT J AU Yu, LCC Dunne, GT Matocha, KS Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Sheng, KA AF Yu, Liangchun C. Dunne, Greg T. Matocha, Kevin S. Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. Sheng, Kuang TI Reliability Issues of SiC MOSFETs: A Technology for High-Temperature Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Activation energy; double-implanted metaloxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistor (MOSFET) (DMOSFET); high temperature; MOS reliability; silicon carbide (SiC); time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB); Weibull slope ID DEPENDENT-DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; 4H-SIC MOS CAPACITORS; THERMAL OXIDES; IMPACT IONIZATION; GATE; DEVICES; SILICON; SIO2; ELECTRONICS; INSTABILITY AB The wide-bandgap nature of silicon carbide (SiC) makes it an excellent candidate for applications where high temperature is required. The metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-controlled power devices are the most favorable structure; however, it is widely believed that silicon oxide on SiC is physically limited, particularly at high temperatures. Therefore, experimental measurements of long-term reliability of oxide at high temperatures are necessary. In this paper, time-dependent dielectric-breakdown measurements are performed on state-of-the-art 4H-SiC MOS capacitors and double-implanted MOS field-effect transistors (DMOSFET) with stress temperatures between 225 degrees C and 375 degrees C and stress electric fields between 6 and 10 MV/cm. The field-acceleration factor is around 1.5 dec/(MV/cm) for all of the temperatures. The thermal activation energy is found to be similar to 0.9 eV, independent of the electric field. The area dependence of Weibull slope is discussed and shown to be a possible indication that the oxide quality has not reached the intrinsic regime and further oxide-reliability improvements are possible. Since our reliability data contradict the widely accepted belief that silicon oxide on SiC is fundamentally limited by its smaller conduction-band offset compared with Si, a detailed discussion is provided to examine the arguments of the early predictions. C1 [Yu, Liangchun C.; Dunne, Greg T.; Matocha, Kevin S.] Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Sheng, Kuang] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Yu, Liangchun C.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LCC (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM liangchun..yu@nist.gov; dunne@research.ge.com; matocha@research.ge.com; kin.cheung@nist.gov; john.suehle@nist.gov; shengk@zju.edu.cn FU Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Manuscript received January 23, 2010; revised May 8, 2010 and July 29, 2010; accepted August 25, 2010. Date of publication September 20, 2010; date of current version January 26, 2011. This work was supported by the Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 41 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 418 EP 426 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2077295 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 712PZ UT WOS:000286680000002 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Oates, AS AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. Oates, Anthony S. TI The Role of High-Field Stress in the Negative-Bias Temperature Instability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Electron trapping; high-field stress; hole trapping; negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) ID INTERFACE-TRAP GENERATION; V-T-MEASUREMENTS; ON-THE-FLY; NBTI DEGRADATION; P-MOSFETS; PHYSICAL ORIGIN; MOS DEVICES; OXIDE; CHARGE; TRANSIENT AB In this paper, a fast drain-current measurement methodology which supports the standard threshold voltage and transconductance extractions associated with the fast dynamic negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) is presented. Using this methodology, we show that production quality transistors exhibit only minimal degradation after a brief stress at moderate to high dielectric fields (contrary to the excessive degradation reported in the recent literature). The degradation at stress conditions which are consistent with many recent NBTI studies is shown to be dominated by high-field stress, instead of NBTI. The ability to extract transconductance from fast drain-current measurements helps to identify the existence of a latent electron trapping/detrapping component which provides further support of a degradation mechanism dominated by high-field stress. This high-field-stress component, while dominating, has not been accounted for in most of the recent NBTI literature. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, Anthony S.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Co Ltd, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kpckpc@ieee.org; john.suehle@nist.gov; aoates@tsmc.com FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronic; National Research Council FX Manuscript received April 7, 2010; revised June 11, 2010; accepted July 26, 2010. Date of publication August 9, 2010; date of current version January 26, 2011. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronic Programs.; The research was performed while J. P. Campbell held a National Research Council Research Associate Award. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 482 EP 491 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2064314 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 712PZ UT WOS:000286680000008 ER PT J AU Marvasti, A AF Marvasti, Akbar TI Occupational Safety and English Language Proficiency SO JOURNAL OF LABOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Occupational safety; Language proficiency ID WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS; ETHNIC ENCLAVES; EARNINGS RISK; IMMIGRANTS; WORKER; COMPENSATION; QUEBEC AB Recent occupational injury data shows a rising trend, which happens to coincide with both increases in the foreign-born population in the U.S. and changes in its composition. This study aims to explore the presence of a statistical relationship between occupational injuries and the level of English proficiency of foreign-born using cross-sectional data on the rate of injury and count of injury incidents. A cultural gap hypothesis is also examined as an alternative explanation for the rise in work injuries. While there is some support for the adverse effect of inadequate English language proficiency of foreign-born, the results for the cultural gap hypothesis are more robust. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Akbar.Marvasti@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-3613 J9 J LABOR RES JI J. Labor Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 332 EP 347 DI 10.1007/s12122-010-9096-z PG 16 WC Industrial Relations & Labor SC Business & Economics GA 700PB UT WOS:000285755200003 ER PT J AU Liu, G Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z Kaduk, JA Cook, LP AF Liu, G. Wong-Ng, W. Yang, Z. Kaduk, J. A. Cook, L. P. TI Phase equilibria of the Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O system for coated conductor applications SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O phase diagrams; (Ba(2-x)Sm(x))(Sm(1-y)Y(y))Cu(3)O(6+z) solid solution; Coated conductors ID BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HTS WIRE; Y2BACUO5; DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FABRICATION; DENSITY AB The complex phase relationships near the BaO-poor region of the quaternary Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O oxide system prepared in pure air (po(2), =22 kPa, 950 degrees C) and in 0.1% O(2) (po(2) =100 Pa, 810 degrees C) have been determined. This investigation also included the subsolidus compatibilities in ten subsystems (Ba-Sm-Y-O, Ba-Sm-Cu-O, Ba-Y-Cu-O, Sm-Y-Cu-O, Ba-Sm-O, Ba-Y-O, Ba-Cu-O, Sm-Y-O, Sm-Cu-O, and Y-Cu-O), and the homogeneity range of five solid solutions (Ba(Sm(x)Y(2-x))CuO(5), (Sm,Y)(2)O(3), (Sm,Y)(2)CuO(4). (Y,Sm)(2)Cu(2)O(5), and Ba(Sm,Y)(2)O(4)). The single phase range of the superconductor solid solution, (Ba(2-x)Sm(x))(Sm(1-y)Y(y))Cu(3)O(6+z), and the phase compatibilities in its vicinity, which are particularly important for processing, are described in detail. The phase equilibrium data of the Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O system will enable the improvement of the intrinsic superconducting properties of second-generation wires, and facilitate the flux-pinning process. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Liu, G.; Wong-Ng, W.; Yang, Z.; Cook, L. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA. [Cook, L. P.] PhazePro Technol LLC, Hustontown, PA 17229 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU US Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge the partial financial support from the US Department of Energy and also from the International Centre for Diffraction Data. Mr. N. Swanson is thanked for his graphical assistance. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 183 IS 12 BP 2855 EP 2861 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.09.001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 696GY UT WOS:000285431100015 ER PT J AU Duque, JG Chen, H Swan, AK Haroz, EH Kono, J Tu, XM Zheng, M Doorn, SK AF Duque, Juan G. Chen, Hang Swan, Anna K. Haroz, Erik H. Kono, Junichiro Tu, Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Doorn, Stephen K. TI Revealing new electronic behaviours in the Raman spectra of chirality-enriched carbon nanotube ensembles SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials - Molecular Nanostructures (IWEPNM 2010) CY MAR 06-13, 2010 CL Tirol, AUSTRIA DE carbon nanotube; G band; Raman; resonance profile; separations ID SPECTROSCOPY AB We present Raman spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are enriched in metallic species by density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) and enriched in single semiconducting chiralities through DNA-based separations. Radial breathing mode (RBM) spectra demonstrate that DGU samples are highly enriched in armchair chiralities. The enrichment allows acquisition of pure G-band spectra of the armchair SWNTs and reveals that the LO mode is absent in these structures. Raman excitation profiles for the G-band in nearly pure (10,2) samples reveals a strong asymmetry in the intensities of the resonance coupling to incident and scattered photons. The experimental data may be fit using a four-level molecular model for Raman scattering and the strong asymmetry can be understood as a consequence of the presence of non-Condon effects. The result requires a reassessment of the assumption that the incident and scattered resonances are equivalent. The consequences of such non-Condon effects on other SWNT electronic and optical processes will be an important topic for future study. (c) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Duque, Juan G.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Hang; Swan, Anna K.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Haroz, Erik H.; Kono, Junichiro] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS-K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 247 IS 11-12 BP 2768 EP 2773 DI 10.1002/pssb.201000350 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 701EZ UT WOS:000285798400033 ER PT J AU Forbes, C Luettich, RA Mattocks, CA Westerink, JJ AF Forbes, Cristina Luettich, Richard A., Jr. Mattocks, Craig A. Westerink, Joannes J. TI A Retrospective Evaluation of the Storm Surge Produced by Hurricane Gustav (2008): Forecast and Hindcast Results SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME; MODEL; SYSTEM; WIND AB The evolution and convergence of modeled storm surge were examined using a high-resolution implementation of the Advanced Circulation Coastal Ocean and Storm Surge (ADCIRC) model for Hurricane Gustav (2008). The storm surge forecasts were forced using an asymmetric gradient wind model (AWM), directly coupled to ADCIRC at every time step and at every grid node. A total of 20 forecast advisories and best-track data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) were used as input parameters into the wind model. Differences in maximum surge elevations were evaluated for ensembles comprised of the final 20, 15, 10, and 5 forecast advisories plus the best track. For this particular storm, the final 10-12 forecast advisories, encompassing the last 2.5-3 days of the storm's lifetime, give a reasonable estimate of the final storm surge and inundation. The results provide a detailed perspective of the variability in the storm surge due to variability in the meteorological forecast and how this changes as the storm approaches landfall. This finding is closely tied to the consistency and accuracy of the NHC storm track forecasts and the predicted landfall location and, therefore, cannot be generalized to all storms in all locations. Nevertheless, this first attempt to translate variability in forecast meteorology into storm surge variability provides useful insights for guiding the potential use of storm surge models for forecast purposes. Model skill was also evaluated for Hurricane Gustav by comparing observed water levels with hindcast modeled water levels forced by river flow, tides, and several sources of wind data. The AWM(which ingested best-track information from NHC) generated winds that were slightly higher than those from NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD) H*Wind analyses and substantially greater than the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model. Surge obtained using the AWM more closely matched the observed water levels than that computed using H*Wind; however, this may be due to the neglect of the contribution of wave setup to the surge, especially in exposed areas. Several geographically distinct storm surge response regimes, some characterized by multisurge pulses, were identified and described. C1 [Forbes, Cristina; Luettich, Richard A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA. [Mattocks, Craig A.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Morehead City Field Site, Morehead City, NC USA. [Westerink, Joannes J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, South Bend, IN USA. RP Forbes, C (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM cristina.forbes@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0620791]; NOAA [NA07NOS4730212]; US Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ND 0001] FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0620791, NOAA IOOS Grant NA07NOS4730212, and the US Department of Homeland Security under Award 2008-ST-061-ND 0001. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. Simulations were run on Louisiana State University's QueenBee and the University of North Carolina's Topsail supercomputing clusters. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1577 EP 1602 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222416.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702AS UT WOS:000285867000001 ER PT J AU Varmer, O Gray, J Alberg, D AF Varmer, Ole Gray, Jefferson Alberg, David TI United States: Responses to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage SO JOURNAL OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Underwater cultural heritage; Salvage; 2001 UNESCO convention; Law of the Sea AB While the US is not a signatory to the 2001 UNESCO Convention, much progress has been made by US agencies to implement its Rules and principles. The US signed an Agreement on Titanic with Rules that are nearly identical to the UNESCO Convention. US agencies have also expressed support for the Rules and their implementation into their programs. This paper identifies these positive actions as well as the two primary concerns that have prevented the US from signing the Convention to date: (1) "creeping coastal State jurisdiction" and (2) treatment of sunken state vessels. C1 [Varmer, Ole] US Dept Commerce, Off Gen Counsel Int Law Natl Ocean & Atmospher Ad, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Alberg, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Monitor Natl Marine Sanctuary, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Gray, Jefferson] Thunder Bay Natl Martine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. [Varmer, Ole] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Gen Counsel Int Law, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Varmer, O (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Off Gen Counsel Int Law Natl Ocean & Atmospher Ad, Herbert C Hoover Bldg,Room 7837,14th St & Constit, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Ole.Varmer@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-2285 J9 J MARIT ARCHAEOL JI J. Marit. Archaeol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s11457-010-9070-1 PG 13 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 696WN UT WOS:000285472200006 ER PT J AU O'Connor, B Chan, EP Chan, C Conrad, BR Richter, LJ Kline, RJ Heeney, M McCulloch, I Soles, CL DeLongchamp, DM AF O'Connor, Brendan Chan, Edwin P. Chan, Calvin Conrad, Brad R. Richter, Lee J. Kline, R. Joseph Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain Soles, Christopher L. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI Correlations between Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Polythiophenes SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE organic electronics; P3HT; pBTTT; flexible electronics; elastic modulus ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; CARRIER MOBILITY; ELASTIC-MODULI; PERFORMANCE; ORDER; OXIDE AB The elastic moduli of polythiophenes, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and poly-(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]ithiophene) (pBTTT), are compared to their field effect mobility showing a proportional trend. The elastic moduli of the films are measured using a buckling-based metrology, and the mobility is determined from the electrical characteristics of bottom contact thin film transistors. Moreover, the crack onset strain of pBTTT films is shown to be less than 2.5%, whereas that of P3HT is greater than 150%. These results show that increased long-range order in polythiophene semiconductors, which is generally thought to be essential for improved charge mobility, can also stiffen and enbrittle the film. This work highlights the critical role of quantitative mechanical property measurements in guiding the development of flexible organic semiconductors. C1 [O'Connor, Brendan; Chan, Edwin P.; Chan, Calvin; Conrad, Brad R.; Richter, Lee J.; Kline, R. Joseph; Soles, Christopher L.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Chan, Calvin/A-5772-2008; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011; O'Connor, Brendan/K-8640-2012; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Conrad, Brad/0000-0001-5192-2441 FU NIST National Research Council FX The authors thank Christopher M. Stafford for helpful conversations. B.O., E.C., C.C., and B.C. would like to acknowledge the NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. NR 33 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 10 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 12 BP 7538 EP 7544 DI 10.1021/nn1018768 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 696NW UT WOS:000285449100062 PM 21080648 ER PT J AU Lee, JJW Morris, D Constantino, PJ Lucas, PW Smith, TM Lawn, BR AF Lee, James J. -W. Morris, Dylan Constantino, Paul J. Lucas, Peter W. Smith, Tanya M. Lawn, Brian R. TI Properties of tooth enamel in great apes SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Enamel; Modulus of elasticity; Hardness; Fracture; Tooth mechanics ID MOLAR ENAMEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DENTAL ENAMEL; BITE FORCE; THICKNESS; INDENTATION; FRACTURE; FAILURE; EVOLUTION AB A comparative study has been made of human and great ape molar tooth enamel. Nanoindentation techniques are used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer tooth surface. The measured data profiles overlap between species, suggesting a degree of commonality in material properties. Using established deformation and fracture relations, critical loads to produce function-threatening damage in the enamel of each species are calculated for characteristic tooth sizes and enamel thicknesses. The results suggest that differences in load-bearing capacity of molar teeth in primates are less a function of underlying material properties than of morphology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Lee, James J. -W.; Morris, Dylan; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Constantino, Paul J.; Lucas, Peter W.; Lawn, Brian R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA. [Smith, Tanya M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lee, JJW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.lee@nist.gov OI Constantino, Paul/0000-0003-3397-7961 FU NIST Internal Review Board; National Science Foundation [0851351]; National Research Council; George Washington University FX Human and great ape tooth specimens were on loan to Lawrence Martin (Stony Brook University) by the Natural History Museum, London. Approval to test these specimens was granted by the NIST Internal Review Board. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (grant 0851351), by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship (J.J.-W.L.) and by the George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund (P.C.). Product and suppliers' names in this paper do not imply endorsement by NIST. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 6 IS 12 BP 4560 EP 4565 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.023 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 682EX UT WOS:000284385300012 PM 20656077 ER PT J AU Bisceglia, KJ Roberts, AL Schantz, MM Lippa, KA AF Bisceglia, Kevin J. Roberts, A. Lynn Schantz, Michele M. Lippa, Katrice A. TI Quantification of drugs of abuse in municipal wastewater via SPE and direct injection liquid chromatography mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Wastewater; Illicit drugs; Urinary metabolites; LC/MS/MS; Direct injection; SPE ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-WATER; ILLICIT DRUGS; WHOLE-BLOOD; METABOLITES; COCAINE; URINE; PHARMACEUTICALS; BELGIUM AB We present an isotopic-dilution direct injection reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 23 drugs of abuse, drug metabolites, and human-use markers in municipal wastewater. The method places particular emphasis on cocaine; it includes 11 of its metabolites to facilitate assessment of routes of administration and to enhance the accuracy of estimates of cocaine consumption. Four opioids (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone) are also included, along with five phenylamine drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, methylbenzodioxolyl-butanamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine) and two human-use markers (cotinine and creatinine). The method is sufficiently sensitive to directly quantify (without preconcentration) 18 analytes in wastewater at concentrations less than 50 ng/L. We also present a modified version of this method that incorporates solid-phase extraction to further enhance sensitivity. The method includes a confirmatory LC separation (selected by evaluating 13 unique chromatographic phases) that has been evaluated using National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1511 Multi-Drugs of Abuse in Freeze-Dried Urine. Seven analytes (ecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine ethyl ester, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine, p-hydroxybenzoyl-ecgonine, ecgonine, and anhydroecgonine) were detected for the first time in a wastewater sample. C1 [Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Schantz, Michele M.; Lippa, Katrice A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Roberts, A. Lynn] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lippa, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov RI Roberts, A. Lynn/A-3295-2010 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 43 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 398 IS 6 BP 2701 EP 2712 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4191-9 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 672ML UT WOS:000283588600030 PM 20865408 ER PT J AU Cleveland, D Long, SE Sander, LC Davis, WC Murphy, KE Case, RJ Rimmer, CA Francini, L Patri, AK AF Cleveland, Danielle Long, Stephen E. Sander, Lane C. Davis, W. Clay Murphy, Karen E. Case, Ryan J. Rimmer, Catherine A. Francini, Lorena Patri, Anil K. TI Chromatographic methods for the quantification of free and chelated gadolinium species in MRI contrast agent formulations SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gadolinium speciation; MRI contrast agent formulations; Species-specific isotope dilution analysis; ICP-MS; Fluorescence detection; High-pressure size-exclusion chromatography; Reversed-phase chromatography; Nanoemulsion; DTPA-DMPE; Liposome ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ICP-MS; NANOEMULSION FORMULATIONS; ACID COMPLEX; TUMOR-CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; RELAXIVITY; SPECIATION; WATER; GD3+ AB Speciation measurements of gadolinium in liposomal MRI contrast agents (CAs) are complicated by the presence of emulsifiers, surfactants, and therapeutic agents in the formulations. The present paper describes two robust, hyphenated chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of gadolinium in nanoemulsion-based CA formulations. Three potential species of gadolinium, free gadolinium ion, gadolinium chelated by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and gadolinium chelated by 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, were present in the CA formulations. The species were separated by reversed-phase chromatography (reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC) or by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). For RP-HPLC, fluorescence detection and post-column online isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) were used to measure the amount of gadolinium in each species. Online ID-ICP-MS and species-specific isotope dilution (SID)-ICP-MS were used in combination with the HPSEC column. The results indicated that some inter-species conversions and degradation had occurred within the samples and that SID-ICP-MS should be used to provide the most reliable measurements of total and speciated gadolinium. However, fluorescence and online ID-ICP-MS might usefully be applied as qualitative, rapid screening procedures for the presence of free gadolinium ions. C1 [Cleveland, Danielle; Long, Stephen E.; Sander, Lane C.; Murphy, Karen E.; Case, Ryan J.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Francini, Lorena] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, W. Clay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Patri, Anil K.] NCI, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Long, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.long@nist.gov RI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; OI Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 398 IS 7-8 BP 2987 EP 2995 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4226-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 684HZ UT WOS:000284542300025 PM 20890749 ER PT J AU Farkas, DM Zozulya, A Anderson, DZ AF Farkas, D. M. Zozulya, A. Anderson, D. Z. TI A compact microchip atomic clock based on all-optical interrogation of ultra-cold trapped Rb atoms SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN TRANSITION; RAMSEY FRINGES; BEAM; CHIP AB We propose a compact atomic clock that uses all-optical interrogation of ultra-cold Rb atoms that are magnetically trapped near the surface of an atom microchip. The interrogation scheme, which combines electromagnetically induced transparency with Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields, can achieve an atomic shot-noise-level performance better than 10(-13)/root tau for 10(6) atoms. A two-color Mach-Zehnder interferometer can detect a 100-pW probe beam at the optical shot-noise level using conventional photodetectors. This measurement scheme is nondestructive and therefore can be used to increase the operational duty cycle by reusing the trapped atoms for multiple clock cycles. Numerical calculations of the density matrix equations are used to identify realistic operating parameters at which AC Stark shifts are eliminated. By considering fluctuations in these parameters, we estimate that AC Stark shifts can be canceled to a level better than 2x10(-14). An overview of the apparatus is presented with estimates of cycle time and power consumption. C1 [Farkas, D. M.; Anderson, D. Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Farkas, D. M.; Anderson, D. Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zozulya, A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dana@jila.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0551010] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center (PHY-0551010). NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 101 IS 4 BP 705 EP 721 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-4267-4 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 687IE UT WOS:000284771400002 ER PT J AU Gibson, SE Kucera, TA Rastawicki, D Dove, J De Toma, G Hao, J Hill, S Hudson, HS Marque, C McIntosh, PS Rachmeler, L Reeves, KK Schmieder, B Schmit, DJ Seaton, DB Sterling, AC Tripathi, D Williams, DR Zhang, M AF Gibson, S. E. Kucera, T. A. Rastawicki, D. Dove, J. De Toma, G. Hao, J. Hill, S. Hudson, H. S. Marque, C. McIntosh, P. S. Rachmeler, L. Reeves, K. K. Schmieder, B. Schmit, D. J. Seaton, D. B. Sterling, A. C. Tripathi, D. Williams, D. R. Zhang, M. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF A CORONAL PROMINENCE CAVITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: magnetic topology ID TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE; WHOLE SUN MONTH; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; MASS EJECTIONS; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION; DENSITIES; TRACE; TOMOGRAPHY AB We present a three-dimensional density model of coronal prominence cavities, and a morphological fit that has been tightly constrained by a uniquely well-observed cavity. Observations were obtained as part of an International Heliophysical Year campaign by instruments from a variety of space-and ground-based observatories, spanning wavelengths from radio to soft X-ray to integrated white light. From these data it is clear that the prominence cavity is the limb manifestation of a longitudinally extended polar-crown filament channel, and that the cavity is a region of low density relative to the surrounding corona. As a first step toward quantifying density and temperature from campaign spectroscopic data, we establish the three-dimensional morphology of the cavity. This is critical for taking line-of-sight projection effects into account, since cavities are not localized in the plane of the sky and the corona is optically thin. We have augmented a global coronal streamer model to include a tunnel-like cavity with elliptical cross-section and a Gaussian variation of height along the tunnel length. We have developed a semi-automated routine that fits ellipses to cross-sections of the cavity as it rotates past the solar limb, and have applied it to Extreme Ultraviolet Imager observations from the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. This defines the morphological parameters of our model, from which we reproduce forward-modeled cavity observables. We find that cavity morphology and orientation, in combination with the viewpoints of the observing spacecraft, explain the observed variation in cavity visibility for the east versus west limbs. C1 [Gibson, S. E.; De Toma, G.; Rachmeler, L.] HAO NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kucera, T. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rastawicki, D.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Dove, J.] Metropolitan State Coll, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Hao, J.; Zhang, M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Hill, S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marque, C.; Seaton, D. B.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [McIntosh, P. S.] HelioSynopt Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Reeves, K. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmieder, B.] LESIA, Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, Paris, France. [Schmit, D. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sterling, A. C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Dept SD50, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Tripathi, D.] Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. [Williams, D. R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Gibson, SE (reprint author), HAO NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Williams, David/E-6676-2011; Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012; Tripathi, Durgesh/D-9390-2012; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014; OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117; Tripathi, Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254; Kucera, Therese/0000-0001-9632-447X; SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025 FU International Space Science Institute (ISSI); NASA; National Science Foundation FX We thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), which funded a Working Group on Coronal Cavities involving many of the co-authors. We thank Alice Lecinski for internal HAO review, Joan Burkepile for assistance with the Mk4 data, and Arnaud Thernisien for assistance with the STEREO Carrington maps. A.C.S. and T.A.K. were supported by the NASA SHP program. SOHO is a project of international collaboration between ESA and NASA. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung (Germany), Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Thorique et Applique (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 724 IS 2 BP 1133 EP 1146 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1133 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679GE UT WOS:000284149000023 ER PT J AU Stubbs, CW Doherty, P Cramer, C Narayan, G Brown, YJ Lykke, KR Woodward, JT Tonry, JL AF Stubbs, Christopher W. Doherty, Peter Cramer, Claire Narayan, Gautham Brown, Yorke J. Lykke, Keith R. Woodward, John T. Tonry, John L. TI PRECISE THROUGHPUT DETERMINATION OF THE PanSTARRS TELESCOPE AND THE GIGAPIXEL IMAGER USING A CALIBRATED SILICON PHOTODIODE AND A TUNABLE LASER: INITIAL RESULTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; instrumentation: photometers; surveys; techniques: photometric ID ABSOLUTE FLUX; PHOTOMETRY; ATMOSPHERE; ACCURACY; GALAXY AB We have used a precision-calibrated photodiode as the fundamental metrology reference in order to determine the relative throughput of the PanSTARRS telescope and the Gigapixel imager, from 400 nm to 1050 nm. Our technique uses a tunable laser as a source of illumination on a transmissive flat-field screen. We determine the full-aperture system throughput as a function of wavelength, including (in a single integral measurement) the mirror reflectivity, the transmission functions of the filters and the corrector optics, and the detector quantum efficiency, by comparing the light seen by each pixel in the CCD array to that measured by a precision-calibrated silicon photodiode. This method allows us to determine the relative throughput of the entire system as a function of wavelength, for each pixel in the instrument, without observations of celestial standards. We present promising initial results from this characterization of the PanSTARRS system, and we use synthetic photometry to assess the photometric perturbations due to throughput variation across the field of view. C1 [Stubbs, Christopher W.; Doherty, Peter; Cramer, Claire; Narayan, Gautham; Brown, Yorke J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lykke, Keith R.; Woodward, John T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tonry, John L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stubbs, CW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM stubbs@physics.harvard.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Narayan, Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484 FU National Institute for Standard and Technology [70NANB8H8007]; LSST Corporation; Harvard University; Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-FG02-91ER40654] FX We are grateful to the National Institute for Standard and Technology (under award 70NANB8H8007), the LSST Corporation, Harvard University and the Department of Energy Office of Science (under grant DE-FG02-91ER40654) for their support of this work. The dedication and competence of the scientific and technical staff of PanSTARRS project were essential to the success we report here. In particular we are grateful to Will Burgett, Robert Calder, Ken Chambers, Greg Gates, Tom Melsheimer, Jeffrey Morgan, and Shannon Waters for their invaluable assistance. Conversations with Tim Axelrod, David Burke, Darren DePoy, Ned Henry, David Hogg, Paul Horowitz, Zeljko Ivezic, Eli Margalith, John McGraw, Armin Rest, Abi Saha, Nick Suntzeff, Chris Smith, Will High, and Pete Zimmer were very valuable in designing and refining the technique described here. We are also grateful to the anonymous hitchhikers in the Haleakala National Park who provided us with the opportunity to accumulate the good karma needed for this endeavor. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 191 IS 2 BP 376 EP 388 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/191/2/376 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 692VY UT WOS:000285185200011 ER PT J AU Saylor, RD Edgerton, ES Hartsell, BE Baumann, K Hansen, DA AF Saylor, Rick D. Edgerton, Eric S. Hartsell, Benjamin E. Baumann, Karsten Hansen, D. Alan TI Continuous gaseous and total ammonia measurements from the southeastern aerosol research and characterization (SEARCH) study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Ammonium; Continuous; PM; Particulate ID PARTICULATE MATTER MASS; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION; AMINES; FINE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETRY; EQUILIBRIUM; FLUXES AB Continuous ammonia (NH(3)) measurements with a temporal resolution of 5 min were Implemented at selected SEARCH sites in the southeastern U S during 2007 The SEARCH continuous NH(3) Instrument uses a citric acid denuder difference technique employing a dual-channel nitric oxide-ozone chemiluminescence analyzer Data from two SEARCH sites are presented Jefferson Street Atlanta (JST) (urban) and Yorkville Georgia (YRK) (rural) for the period July December 2007 Highest NH(x) (total ammonia = gaseous NH(3) + PM(2) (5) NH(4)(+)) values were observed in August and September at both JST and YRK Highest NH(3) values occurred in August and September at JST but in August through October at YRK Lowest NH(3) and NH(x) values occurred in December at both sites YRK is significantly impacted by nearby poultry sources routinely experiencing hourly average NH(3) mixing ratios above 20 ppbv Wind sector analysis clearly implicates the nearby poultry operations as the source of the high NH(3) values Weekday versus weekend differences in composite hourly mean diurnal profiles of NH(3) at JST indicate that mobile sources have a measurable but relatively small impact on NH(3) observed at that site and little or no impact on NH(3) observed at YRK A distinctive composite mean hourly diurnal variation was observed at both JST and YRK exhibiting maxima in the morning and evening with a broad minimum during midday Analysis of observed NH(3) diurnal variations from the literature suggests a hypothesized mechanism for the observed behavior based on interaction of local emissions and dry deposition with the formation and collapse of the dynamically mixed atmospheric boundary layer during the day and shallow nocturnal layer at night Simple mixed layer concentration box model simulations confirm the plausibility of the suggested mechanism Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Saylor, Rick D.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Snellville, GA USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.; Baumann, Karsten] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Hartsell, Benjamin E.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX USA. [Hansen, D. Alan] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290; NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 38 BP 4994 EP 5004 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.055 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 682GM UT WOS:000284389400018 ER PT J AU Lefohn, AS Shadwick, D Oltmans, SJ AF Lefohn, Allen S. Shadwick, Douglas Oltmans, Samuel J. TI Characterizing changes in surface ozone levels in metropolitan and rural areas in the United States for 1980-2008 and 1994-2008 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Monthly time trends; Surface ozone trends; Tropospheric ozone ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; BACKGROUND OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; WEST-COAST; TRENDS; EXPOSURE; VEGETATION; INDEXES; SITES; US AB In this analysis, we characterize urban and rural ozone (O(3)) trends across the US for the periods 1980-2008 (29 years) and 1994-2008 (15 years) using three exposure metrics, which summarize daily O(3) concentrations to reflect different ways O(3) may affect human health and vegetation. We observe that a statistically significant trend at a specific monitoring site, using one exposure metric, does not necessarily result in a similar trend using the other two metrics. The two most common trends among the monitoring sites are either a continuation of negative trending over the 29-year period or a shift from negative to no trend status, indicating a leveling off of the trending. Very few sites exhibit statistically significant increases in the exposure indices. In characterizing the statistically significant changes in the distribution of hourly average O(3), we observe subtle statistically significant changes in the lower part of the distribution (i.e., below 50 ppb) that are not necessarily captured by the trending patterns associated with the three exposure metrics. Using multisite data from 12 metropolitan cities, we find that as the frequency of higher hourly average concentrations is reduced, the lower hourly average concentrations also move upward toward the mid-level values. The change in the number of the hourly average concentrations in the lower range is consistent with decreased NO scavenging. We recommend assessing possible subtle shifts in O(3) concentrations by characterizing changes in the distribution of hourly average concentrations by month. Identifying statistically significant monthly changes in the mid- and low-level hourly average concentrations may provide important information for assessing changes in physical processes associated with global climate change, long-range transport, and the efficacy of models used for emission and risk reductions. Our results indicate that it is important to investigate the change in the trending pattern with time (e.g., moving 15-year trending) in order to assess how year-to-year variability may influence the trend calculation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 N Last Chance Gulch,Suite 410, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM alefohn@asl-associates.com; dougshadwick@nc.rr.com; samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 39 BP 5199 EP 5210 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.049 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 685XO UT WOS:000284661600018 ER PT J AU Tan, Y Carlton, AG Seitzinger, SP Turpin, BJ AF Tan, Yi Carlton, Annmarie G. Seitzinger, Sybil P. Turpin, Barbara J. TI SOA from methylglyoxal in clouds and wet aerosols: Measurement and prediction of key products SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Secondary organic aerosol (SOA); Isoprene; Methylglyoxal; Mutiphase photochemistry; Aqueous radical chemistry ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OLIGOMER FORMATION; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE; WATER; ACID; OXIDATION; ISOPRENE AB Aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal in clouds and wet aerosols is a potentially important global and regional source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We quantify organic acid products of the aqueous reaction of methylglyoxal (30-3000 mu M) and OH radical (approx. 4 x 10(-12) M), model their formation in the reaction vessel and investigate how the starting concentrations of precursors and the presence of acidic sulfate (0-840 mu M) affect product formation. Predicted products were observed. The predicted temporal evolution of oxalic acid, pyruvic acid and total organic carbon matched observations at cloud relevant concentrations (30 mu M), validating this methylglyoxal cloud chemistry, which is currently being implemented in some atmospheric models of SOA formation. The addition of sulfuric acid at cloud relevant concentrations had little effect on oxalic acid yields. At higher concentrations (3000 mu M), predictions deviate from observations. Larger carboxylic acids (>= C-4) and other high molecular weight products become increasingly important as concentration increases, suggesting that small carboxylic acids are the major products in clouds while larger carboxylic acids and oligomers are important products in wet aerosols. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Yi; Carlton, Annmarie G.; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Turpin, BJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Tan, Yi/A-2511-2010; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Tan, Yi/0000-0002-5130-6056; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0630298]; US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA07OAR4310-279]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R833751] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (ATM-0630298), US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA07OAR4310-279), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (R833751). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, NOAA, or EPA; no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors thank Yong Bin Lim, Ron Lauck, Mark J. Perri, Katye Altieri, Diana Ortiz and Jeffrey Kirkland. NR 49 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 75 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 39 BP 5218 EP 5226 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.045 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 685XO UT WOS:000284661600020 ER PT J AU Brodin, M Helmig, D Oltmans, S AF Brodin, Molly Helmig, Detlev Oltmans, Samuel TI Seasonal ozone behavior along an elevation gradient in the Colorado Front Range Mountains SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface ozone; Elevation profile ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NATIONAL-PARK; AIR-POLLUTANTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; EUROPE AB Ambient surface ozone was monitored for one year at a series of seven sites along an elevation gradient from 1600 m to 3500 m above sea level (ASL) in Boulder County, Colorado. Spatial variability of ozone, quantified as the root mean squared deviation of hourly ozone per kilometer horizontal separation, decreased with elevation and distance from local sources, validating the assumption that (except at the City of Boulder (BO) site) the results of the study are representative of the Colorado Front Range. The northern hemisphere (NH) tropospheric spring ozone peak was clearly apparent in late April and early May and affected ozone at all elevations. Ozone consistently increased with elevation during winter, with a mean monthly rate of 1.5 ppbv per 100 m elevation. In summer, this monotonic increase in ozone with elevation was not observed; instead mean monthly ozone increased in two steps, by similar to 15 ppbv between 1610 m and 1940 m ASL and by similar to 10 ppbv between 3350 m and 3530 m ASL to a maximum of 60 ppbv. The amplitude of the diurnal ozone cycle decreased with increasing elevation. Average summertime diurnal swings in ozone concentration had a magnitude of 29 ppbv at 1610 m ASL, and 7-16 ppbv at the mid-elevation sites. In winter a diurnal cycle was observed only at the BO site, ozone concentrations at the remaining six locations changed on a multi-day timescale, indicating regional background behavior as the primary factor for wintertime ozone. Even the highest elevation site was influenced by transported urban air pollution in summer, indicated by the average 5 ppbv diurnal increase in ozone. Ozone exposure at the mid- to high-elevation sites in many instances approached and exceeded the 8-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 75 ppbv. The elevated ozone levels along this transect were interpreted to be caused by the confounding effects of the high elevation of these sites, increased ozone in long-range transported air, and anthropogenic ozone production in air transported from the nearby urban and suburban areas east of the Colorado Front Range Mountains. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brodin, Molly; Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brodin, Molly] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@Colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9211776]; NOAA; CDPHE FX Ozone data used in this project were generously provided by the NPS with Air Resource Specialists, Inc. as well as CDPHE. This research has been supported by a National Science Foundation LTER grant (#DEB-9211776) as well as funds from NOAA and CDPHE. We would like to give thanks to the hosts of the measurement sites, to David Tanner, Jacques Hueber, Adam Eisele, and Daniel Zurawski for operating assistance with the project, Michael O'Neil for preparing the map, and Brian Seok for help with preparing the color figures. The constructive comments from the two anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 39 BP 5305 EP 5315 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.033 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 685XO UT WOS:000284661600029 ER PT J AU Simon, H Kimura, Y McGaughey, G Allen, DT Brown, SS Coffman, D Dibb, J Osthoff, HD Quinn, P Roberts, JM Yarwood, G Kemball-Cook, S Byun, D Lee, D AF Simon, H. Kimura, Y. McGaughey, G. Allen, D. T. Brown, S. S. Coffman, D. Dibb, J. Osthoff, H. D. Quinn, P. Roberts, J. M. Yarwood, G. Kemball-Cook, S. Byun, D. Lee, D. TI Modeling heterogeneous ClNO2 formation, chloride availability, and chlorine cycling in Southeast Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms CY DEC, 2008 CL Air Quality Res Ctr, Davis, CA HO Air Quality Res Ctr DE Nitryl chloride; Chlorine; CAMx; Urban air pollution; Houston; GoMACCS; TexAQS II; Heterogeneous chemistry ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; N2O5 REACTION; GASEOUS N2O5; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS; SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLES; OZONE AB Nitryl Chloride (ClNO2) mixing ratios above 1 ppbv have been measured off the coast of Southeast Texas ClNO2 formation the result of heterogeneous N2O5 uptake on chloride-containing aerosols has a significant Impact on oxidant formation for the Houston area This work reports on the modeling of ClNO2 formation and describes the sensitivity of ClNO2 formation to key parameters Model sensitivity analyses found that (1) Chloride availability limits the formation of nitryl chloride at ground level but not aloft (2) When excess particulate chloride was assumed to be present at ground level through sea salt ClNO2 concentrations increased in some locations by a factor of 13 as compared to cases where sea salt chloride was assumed to be limited (3) Inland formation of ClNO2 seems feasible based on chloride availability and could have a large impact on total ClNO2 formed in the region and (4) ClNO2 formation is quite sensitive to the assumed yield of ClNO2 from N2O5 uptake These results demonstrate that there is a need for further field studies to better understand the geographic extent of ClNO2 formation and the atmospheric conditions which control partitioning of chloride into the particle phase In addition this work examined the role of ClNO2 in the cycling of chlorine between chloride and reactive chlorine radicals The modeling indicated that the majority of reactive chlorine in Texas along the Gulf coast is cycled through ClNO2 demonstrating the importance of including ClNO2 into photochemical models for this region Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Simon, H.; Kimura, Y.; McGaughey, G.; Allen, D. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Simon, H.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, S. S.; Osthoff, H. D.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coffman, D.; Quinn, P.] NOAA, OAR, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Yarwood, G.; Kemball-Cook, S.] Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA 94998 USA. [Lee, D.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Byun, D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, OAR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Simon, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 133,R7100, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 44 IS 40 SI SI BP 5476 EP 5488 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696PA UT WOS:000285452100018 ER PT J AU DeGaetano, AT Brown, TJ Hilberg, SD Redmond, K Robbins, K Robinson, P Shulski, M McGuirk, M AF DeGaetano, Arthur T. Brown, Timothy J. Hilberg, Steven D. Redmond, Kelly Robbins, Kevin Robinson, Peter Shulski, Martha McGuirk, Marjorie TI TOWARD REGIONAL CLIMATE SERVICES The Role of NOAA's Regional Climate Centers SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER; MAXIMUM AB A comprehensive national climate services strategy requires the infrastructure, operational services, and applied research activities that have characterized the Regional Climate Center Program since its inception. C1 [DeGaetano, Arthur T.] Cornell Univ, NE Reg Climate Ctr, Ithaca, NY 13068 USA. [Brown, Timothy J.; Redmond, Kelly] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Hilberg, Steven D.] Univ Illinois, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. [Robbins, Kevin] Louisiana State Univ, So Reg Climate Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Robinson, Peter] Univ N Carolina, SE Reg Climate Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Shulski, Martha] Univ Nebraska, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [McGuirk, Marjorie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP DeGaetano, AT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NE Reg Climate Ctr, 1119 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 13068 USA. EM atd2@cornell.edu FU NOAA [EA133E07CN0090] FX The work of the regional climate centers is supported by NOAA Contract EA133E07CN0090. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and Adam Parris, program manager of the NOAA/RISA program, for his insightful suggestions. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1633 EP 1644 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2936.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 707TI UT WOS:000286310600002 ER PT J AU Masters, FJ Vickery, PJ Bacon, P Rappaport, EN AF Masters, Forrest J. Vickery, Peter J. Bacon, Phuong Rappaport, Edward N. TI TOWARD OBJECTIVE, STANDARDIZED INTENSITY ESTIMATES FROM SURFACE WIND SPEED OBSERVATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GUST FACTORS; ROUGHNESS; DOCUMENTATION; THUNDERSTORM; LANDFALL; TERRAIN; DRAG AB Direct use of surface wind speed observations can introduce significant errors in storm intensity estimates without correction for terrain and instrument response characteristics. C1 [Masters, Forrest J.; Bacon, Phuong] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Vickery, Peter J.] Appl Res Associates, Raleigh, NC USA. [Rappaport, Edward N.] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Masters, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, 365 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM masters@ce.ufl.edu RI Masters, Forrest/D-1287-2011; Vickery, Peter/D-2708-2012 OI Masters, Forrest/0000-0001-8203-9846; FU University of Florida FX The authors wish to acknowledge the University Scholars Program at the University of Florida for supporting Ms. Bacon in carrying out the research discussed herein. We also appreciate the helpful insights and suggestions provided by Dr. Anton Beljaars, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Dr. Craig Miller, University of Western Ontario; and Dr. Mark Powell, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1665 EP 1681 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2942.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 707TI UT WOS:000286310600005 ER PT J AU Seguin, WR Smith, SB AF Seguin, Ward R. Smith, Stephan B. TI THE STUDENT CAREER EXPERIENCE PROGRAM A Door to a Career with the National Weather Service SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES C1 [Seguin, Ward R.] Riverside Technol Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Smith, Stephan B.] NOAA, NWS, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Seguin, WR (reprint author), Riverside Technol Inc, 1010 Wayne Ave,Suite 500, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ward.seguin@riverside.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1683 EP 1689 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2943.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 707TI UT WOS:000286310600006 ER PT J AU Hurrell, JW Meehl, GA Bader, D Delworth, TL Kirtman, B Wielick, B AF Hurrell, James W. Meehl, Gerald A. Bader, Dave Delworth, Thomas L. Kirtman, Ben Wielick, Bruce TI Comments on "A Unified Modeling Approach to Climate System Prediction" Reply SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hurrell, James W.; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bader, Dave] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kirtman, Ben] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Wielick, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Hurrell, JW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Bader, David/H-6189-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Bader, David/0000-0003-3210-339X; NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1702 EP 1703 DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3118.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 707TI UT WOS:000286310600009 ER PT J AU Bjorkstedt, EP Goericke, R McClatchie, S Weber, E Watson, W Lo, N Peterson, B Emmett, B Peterson, J Durazo, R Gaxiola-Castro, G Chavez, F Pennington, JT Collins, CA Field, J Ralston, S Sakuma, K Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Xue, Y Sydeman, WJ Thompson, SA Santora, JA Largier, J Halle, C Morgan, S Kim, SY Merkens, KPB Hildebrand, JA Munger, LM AF Bjorkstedt, Eric P. Goericke, Ralf McClatchie, Sam Weber, Ed Watson, William Lo, Nancy Peterson, Bill Emmett, Bob Peterson, Jay Durazo, Reginaldo Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto Chavez, Francisco Pennington, J. T. Collins, C. A. Field, John Ralston, Steve Sakuma, Keith Bograd, Steven J. Schwing, Franklin B. Xue, Yan Sydeman, William J. Thompson, Sarah Ann Santora, Jarrod A. Largier, John Halle, Chris Morgan, Steven Kim, Sung Yong Merkens, Karlina P. B. Hildebrand, John A. Munger, Lisa M. TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2009-2010: REGIONAL VARIATION PERSISTS THROUGH TRANSITION FROM LA NINA TO EL NINO (AND BACK?) SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB This report summarizes observations of the California Current System (CCS) from Baja California, Mexico to Oregon for the period from spring 2009 through spring 2010. During this period, changes in the state of the CCS reflected a transition from cool La Nina conditions into and through a short-lived, relatively weak El Nino event. Weaker than normal upwelling and several extended relaxation events contributed to warming over much of the CCS during summer 2009, especially in the north. Moderation of La Nina conditions in the CCS coincided with the development of El Nino conditions in the equatorial Pacific, yet manifested well in advance of any evidence for direct effects of El Nino on the CCS. Responses to El Nino in fall 2009 and winter 2009-2010 appear to have varied substantially with latitude: conditions off southern California returned to near climatological values with the decline of La Nina, and did not indicate any subsequent response to El Nino, yet the northern CCS warmed subtantially following the decline of La Nina and was strongly affected by intense downwelling during winter 2009-2010. The 2009-2010 El Nino diminished rapidly in early 2010, and upwelling off central and southern California resumed unusually early and strongly for a spring following an El Nino, but recovery from El Nino in early 2010 appears to be less robust in the northern CCS. Thus, despite dynamic changes in the overall state of the California Current, 2009-2010 continued the recent pattern of strong regional variability across the CCS. C1 [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Fisheries Serv, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. [Goericke, Ralf; Kim, Sung Yong; Merkens, Karlina P. B.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Ed; Watson, William; Lo, Nancy] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Peterson, Bill; Emmett, Bob] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, Jay] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Durazo, Reginaldo] UABC Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, BC, Mexico. [Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto] CICESE Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada, BC, Mexico. [Chavez, Francisco; Pennington, J. T.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Collins, C. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Field, John; Ralston, Steve; Sakuma, Keith] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.; Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Xue, Yan] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann; Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. [Largier, John; Halle, Chris; Morgan, Steven] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Munger, Lisa M.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Bjorkstedt, EP (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Fisheries Serv, POB 690, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA. RI Merkens, Karlina/I-9062-2012; Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009; Weber, Edward/A-6986-2009 OI Merkens, Karlina/0000-0002-5314-6148; Kim, Sung Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992; Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X FU CICESE; SEMARNAT-CONACYT [23804]; UCMEXUS [CN07-125]; SEP-CONACYT [23804, 23947]; Sonoma County Water Agency; NOAA; CeNCOOS; UC Davis; NOAA Fisheries Service; California Ocean Protection Council; CAMEO; California Sea Grant; NSF; NASA; State of California under the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX IMECOCAL surveys were supported by CICESE, SEMARNAT-CONACYT 23804, UCMEXUS (CN07-125), and SEP-CONACYT 23947 and 23804 projects. Recent CalCOFI surveys were greatly assisted by the captains and crews of the NOAA ships Mac-Arthur II and Miller Freeman and the R/V New Horizon. Central California observations were supported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and NOAA. Bodega Line surveys were supported by the Sonoma County Water Agency, NOAA, CeNCOOS and UC Davis and could not have been collected without Captain Steve Neil and crew of the R/V Mussel Point. Anne Slaughter analyzed Bodega copepod samples. Trinidad Head Line surveys were supported by NOAA Fisheries Service and the California Ocean Protection Council and by the able efforts of Captain Scott Martin and the crew of the R/V Coral Sea, Kathryn Crane, Jose Montoya, and the many HSU students and volunteers who sailed on these cruises. Observations along the Newport Hydrographic Line and off the OR-WA coast were supported in part by NOAA's FATE and SAIP programs and CAMEO. Seabird surveys in recent years were supported by grants from the California Ocean Protection Council, California Sea Grant, NOAA, NSF, and NASA. HF radar mapping ocean surface currents has been sponsored by the State of California under the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research (ONR). HF radar data were provided by Scripps Institution of Oceanography at University of California, San Diego; University of Southern California; Marine Science Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara; California Polytechnic State University; Naval Postgraduate School; Romberg Tiburon Center at San Francisco State University; Humboldt State University; Bodega Marine Laboratory at University of California, Davis; and Oregon State University. NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 BP 39 EP 69 PG 31 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V24JY UT WOS:000208407900002 ER PT J AU Melin, SR Orr, AJ Harris, JD Laake, JL Delong, RL Gulland, FMD Stoudt, S AF Melin, Sharon R. Orr, Anthony J. Harris, Jeffrey D. Laake, Jeffrey L. Delong, Robert L. Gulland, Frances M. D. Stoudt, Shelbi TI UNPRECEDENTED MORTALITY OF CALIFORNIA SEA LION PUPS ASSOCIATED WITH ANOMALOUS OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS ALONG THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST IN 2009 SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Between May and August 2009, an anomalous oceanographic event occurred along the central California coast. The event was characterized by the strongest negative upwelling observed in 40 years and uncharacteristically warm sea surface temperatures. The timing of the event coincided with the weaning and reproduction of California sea lions in the California Current System. We documented the effects of the event on sea lion pup production, pup mortality, female attendance, and diet at San Miguel Island, California. Simultaneous with the oceanographic event, we also documented a record number of strandings along the California coast of emaciated weaned pups born in 2008. We conclude that the response of California sea lions to the anomalous oceanographic conditions in 2009 was mediated through warmer SSTs that likely reduced availability of their usual summer prey and resulted in the high mortality of the 2008 and 2009 cohorts due to starvation. C1 [Melin, Sharon R.; Orr, Anthony J.; Harris, Jeffrey D.; Laake, Jeffrey L.; Delong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.; Stoudt, Shelbi] Marine Mammal Ctr, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Melin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sharon.melin@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 BP 182 EP 194 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V24JY UT WOS:000208407900012 ER PT J AU Pipal, K Jessop, M Boughton, D Adams, P AF Pipal, Kerrie Jessop, Mark Boughton, David Adams, Peter TI USING DUAL-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR (DIDSON) TO ESTIMATE ADULT STEELHEAD ESCAPEMENT IN THE SAN LORENZO RIVER, CALIFORNIA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article C1 [Pipal, Kerrie; Jessop, Mark; Boughton, David; Adams, Peter] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pipal, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kerrie.pipal@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2010 VL 96 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 670ZS UT WOS:000283469500008 ER PT J AU Kattner, UR Seifert, HJ AF Kattner, Ursula R. Seifert, Hans Jurgen TI Integrated computational materials engineering, CALPHAD and Hans Leo Lukas SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PHASE-DIAGRAMS C1 [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seifert, Hans Jurgen] TU Bergakad Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany. RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0364-5916 J9 CALPHAD JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 385 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2010.10.005 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 694VS UT WOS:000285327700001 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Van Doornik, DM Endicott, RC Hoffnagle, TL Tezak, EP Moore, ME Atkins, J AF Berejikian, Barry A. Van Doornik, Donald M. Endicott, Rob C. Hoffnagle, Timothy L. Tezak, Eugene P. Moore, Megan E. Atkins, Jeffery TI Mating success of alternative male phenotypes and evidence for frequency-dependent selection in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MALE ATLANTIC SALMON; MALE SOCKEYE-SALMON; MALE LIFE-HISTORY; MALE COHO SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; GENETIC-VARIATION; HATCHERY; STRATEGIES; MATURITY AB As with other species, frequency-dependent selection during reproduction has long been proposed as an important mechanism in maintaining alternative male reproductive phenotypes in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Jack salmon mature one year earlier than the youngest females in a population and are much smaller than older "adult'' males. We tested the hypothesis that mating success of both phenotypes is consistent with the frequency-dependent selection model. By holding male density constant and varying the frequency of adults and jacks in eight separate breeding groups, we found that adult male access to females, participation in spawning events, and adult-to-fry reproductive success increased with their decreasing frequency in a breeding group. Jacks exhibited the same pattern (increasing success with decreasing frequency), although the relationships were not as strong as for adults. Overall, jack and adult males mated with a similar number of females, but jacks sired only 20% of all offspring. Observational data suggested that adult males benefited from sperm precedence associated with their ability to court females and enter the nest first at the time of spawning. Our work provides the first experimental evidence of frequency-dependent selection during mating in the family Salmonidae. C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Van Doornik, Donald M.; Endicott, Rob C.; Tezak, Eugene P.; Moore, Megan E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Hoffnagle, Timothy L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Atkins, Jeffery] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Oregon Hatchery Research Center's Advisory Committee and staff for providing both the opportunity and logistical support necessary to conduct this study. We also appreciate the cooperation of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife's Trask River Hatchery staff for providing adult Chinook salmon for this study. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved this paper. Funding was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 39 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 12 BP 1933 EP 1941 DI 10.1139/F10-112 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 697YH UT WOS:000285555200004 ER PT J AU Kaplan, IC Levin, PS Burden, M Fulton, EA AF Kaplan, Isaac C. Levin, Phillip S. Burden, Merrick Fulton, Elizabeth A. TI Fishing catch shares in the face of global change: a framework for integrating cumulative impacts and single species management SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODELS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; INDICATORS AB Any fishery management scheme, such as individual fishing quotas (IFQs) or marine protected areas, should be designed to be robust to potential shifts in the biophysical system. Here we couple possible catch scenarios under an IFQ scheme with ocean acidification impacts on shelled benthos and plankton, using an Atlantis ecosystem model for the US West Coast. IFQ harvest scenarios alone, in most cases, did not have strong impacts on the food web, beyond the direct effects on harvested species. However, when we added the impacts of ocean acidification, the abundance of commercially important groundfish such as English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), and yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) declined up to 20%-80%, owing to the loss of shelled prey items from their diet. English sole exhibited a 10-fold decline in potential catch and economic yield when confronted with strong acidification impacts on shelled benthos. Therefore, it seems prudent to complement IFQs with careful consideration of potential global change effects such as acidification. Our analysis provides an example of how new ecosystem modeling tools that evaluate cumulative impacts can be integrated with established management reference points and decision mechanisms. C1 [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fishery Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burden, Merrick] Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, OR 97220 USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fishery Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008 OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation for support. Aaron Dufault assisted with the literature review of ocean acidification. Hem Nalini Morzaria Luna created the map of the model domain. Teresa Taylor and Paul Mack provided the early foundations for this work. NR 75 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 36 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 12 BP 1968 EP 1982 DI 10.1139/F10-118 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 697YH UT WOS:000285555200007 ER PT J AU Tsukernik, M Deser, C Alexander, M Tomas, R AF Tsukernik, Maria Deser, Clara Alexander, Michael Tomas, Robert TI Atmospheric forcing of Fram Strait sea ice export: a closer look SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Fram Strait; Sea ice motion; Sea ice export; North Atlantic Oscillation; East-west dipole; High frequency atmospheric variability ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; MOTION; OCEAN; LINK; TEMPERATURES; CIRCULATION; CYCLONES; IMPACT AB Fram Strait is the primary region of sea ice export from the Arctic and therefore plays an important role in regulating the amount of sea ice and freshwater within the Arctic. We investigate the variability of Fram Strait sea ice motion and the role of atmospheric circulation forcing using daily data during the period 1979-2006. The most prominent atmospheric driver of anomalous sea ice motion across Fram Strait is an east-west dipole pattern of Sea Level Pressure (SLP) anomalies with centers of action located over the Barents Sea and Greenland. This pattern, also observed in synoptic studies, is associated with anomalous meridional winds across Fram Strait and is thus physically consistent with forcing changes in sea ice motion. The association between the SLP dipole pattern and Fram Strait ice motion is maximized at 0-lag, persists year-round, and is strongest on time scales of 10-60 days. The SLP dipole pattern is the second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of daily SLP anomalies in both winter and summer. When the analysis is repeated with monthly data, only the Barents center of the SLP dipole remains significantly correlated with Fram Strait sea ice motion. However, after removing the leading EOF of monthly SLP variability (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation), the full east-west dipole pattern is recovered. No significant SLP forcing of Fram Strait ice motion is found in summer using monthly data, even when the leading EOF is removed. Our results highlight the importance of high frequency atmospheric variability in forcing Fram Strait sea ice motion. C1 [Tsukernik, Maria; Deser, Clara; Tomas, Robert] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Alexander, Michael] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tsukernik, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM masha@ucar.edu RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that substantially improved the manuscript. We also thank Christophe Cassou for helpful suggestions, and Adam Philips and Dennis Shea for technical assistance in preparation of the figures. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Arctic System Science Program. The National Center of Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 7-8 BP 1349 EP 1360 DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0647-z PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683NZ UT WOS:000284483800012 ER PT J AU Kopp, RE Mitrovica, JX Griffies, SM Yin, JJ Hay, CC Stouffer, RJ AF Kopp, Robert E. Mitrovica, Jerry X. Griffies, Stephen M. Yin, Jianjun Hay, Carling C. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI The impact of Greenland melt on local sea levels: a partially coupled analysis of dynamic and static equilibrium effects in idealized water-hosing experiments A letter SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ICE SHEETS; RISE; FORMULATION; MODELS AB Local sea level can deviate from mean global sea level because of both dynamic sea level (DSL) effects, resulting from oceanic and atmospheric circulation and temperature and salinity distributions, and changes in the static equilibrium (SE) sea level configuration, produced by the gravitational, elastic, and rotational effects of mass redistribution Both effects will contribute to future sea level change To compare their magnitude, we simulated the effects of Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) melt by conducting idealized North Atlantic "water-hosing" experiments in a climate model unidirectionally coupled to a SE sea level model At current rates of GIS melt, we find that geographic SE patterns should be challenging but possible to detect above dynamic variability At higher melt rates, we find that DSL trends are strongest in the western North Atlantic, while SE effects will dominate in most of the ocean when melt exceeds similar to 20 cm equivalent sea level C1 [Kopp, Robert E.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kopp, Robert E.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Yin, Jianjun] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hay, Carling C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Kopp, RE (reprint author), Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RI Kopp, Robert/B-8822-2008; OI Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428 FU Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX We thank K Bryan F Simons R Hallberg M Oppenheimer J Wahr M Winton and an anonymous reviewer for helpful discussion REK was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship in the Science, Technology and Environmental Policy program at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University and by an appointment to the US Department of Energy American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education NR 14 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2010 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1007/s10584.010.9935.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 691GW UT WOS:000285069300016 ER PT J AU Carroll, C Johnson, DS Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ AF Carroll, Carlos Johnson, Devin S. Dunk, Jeffrey R. Zielinski, William J. TI Hierarchical Bayesian Spatial Models for Multispecies Conservation Planning and Monitoring SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conditional autoregressive; focal species; hierarchical Bayesian model; Martes pennanti; Northwest Forest Plan; spatial autocorrelation; spatial autoregressive model; spatial dependence; species distribution model; autocorrelacion espacial; autoregresivo condicional; dependencia espacial; especie focal; Martes pennanti; modelo autoregresivo espacial; modelo bayesiano jerarquico; modelo de distribucion de especies; Plan Forestal Noroccidental ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS; AUTOCORRELATION; REGRESSION; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; FISHER; REGION; RARE AB Biologists who develop and apply habitat models are often familiar with the statistical challenges posed by their data's spatial structure but are unsure of whether the use of complex spatial models will increase the utility of model results in planning. We compared the relative performance of nonspatial and hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for three vertebrate and invertebrate taxa of conservation concern (Church's sideband snails [Monadenia churchi], red tree voles [Arborimus longicaudus], and Pacific fishers [Martes pennanti pacifica]) that provide examples of a range of distributional extents and dispersal abilities. We used presence-absence data derived from regional monitoring programs to develop models with both landscape and site-level environmental covariates. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and a conditional autoregressive or intrinsic conditional autoregressive model framework to fit spatial models. The fit of Bayesian spatial models was between 35 and 55% better than the fit of nonspatial analogue models. Bayesian spatial models outperformed analogous models developed with maximum entropy (Maxent) methods. Although the best spatial and nonspatial models included similar environmental variables, spatial models provided estimates of residual spatial effects that suggested how ecological processes might structure distribution patterns. Spatial models built from presence-absence data improved fit most for localized endemic species with ranges constrained by poorly known biogeographic factors and for widely distributed species suspected to be strongly affected by unmeasured environmental variables or population processes. By treating spatial effects as a variable of interest rather than a nuisance, hierarchical Bayesian spatial models, especially when they are based on a common broad-scale spatial lattice (here the national Forest Inventory and Analysis grid of 24 km2 hexagons), can increase the relevance of habitat models to multispecies conservation planning. C1 [Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dunk, Jeffrey R.; Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. EM carlos@klamathconservation.org FU U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service; The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, Pacific Northwest Region FX We thank the many biologists who assisted in collection of species distribution data. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, Pacific Northwest Region Survey and Manage Program, and the U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding for the surveys. T. Martin and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1538 EP 1548 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01528.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679PH UT WOS:000284172800013 PM 20497204 ER PT J AU England, PR Luikart, G Waples, RS AF England, Phillip R. Luikart, Gordon Waples, Robin S. TI Early detection of population fragmentation using linkage disequilibrium estimation of effective population size SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE N(e); Effective population size; Linkage disequilibrium; Fragmentation; Bottleneck; Connectivity; Monitoring; Conservation ID GENETIC-MARKERS; PROGRAM; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; CENSUS; BIAS AB Population subdivision due to habitat loss and modification, exploitation of wild populations and altered spatial population dynamics is of increasing concern in nature. Detecting population fragmentation is therefore crucial for conservation management. Using computer simulations, we show that a single sample estimator of N (e) based on linkage disequilibrium is a highly sensitive and promising indicator of recent population fragmentation and bottlenecks, even with some continued gene flow. For example, fragmentation of a panmictic population of N (e) = 1,000 into demes of N (e) = 100 can be detected with high probability after a single generation when estimates from this method are compared to prefragmentation estimates, given data for similar to 20 microsatellite loci in samples of 50 individuals. We consider a range of loci (10-40) and individuals (25-100) typical of current studies of natural populations and show that increasing the number of loci gives nearly the same increase in precision as increasing the number of individuals sampled. We also evaluated effects of incomplete fragmentation and found this N (e)-reduction signal is still apparent in the presence of considerable migration (m similar to 0.10-0.25). Single-sample genetic estimates of N (e) thus show considerable promise for early detection of population fragmentation and decline. C1 [England, Phillip R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res & Wealth Oceans Flag, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet CIBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal. [Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP England, PR (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res & Wealth Oceans Flag, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM phillip.england@csiro.au RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582; FU Walton Family Foundation; Portuguese-American Foundation for Development; CIBIO; UP FX PRE was assisted by an Australian Academy of Sciences Visit to North America Fellowship. GL was partially supported by a grant to FLBS from the Walton Family Foundation and by the Portuguese-American Foundation for Development, CIBIO, and UP. We thank Fred Allendorf for discussions and hosting the visit to his lab by PRE. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2425 EP 2430 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0112-x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KX UT WOS:000283505900029 ER PT J AU Attard, CRM Beheregaray, LB Jenner, C Gill, P Jenner, M Morrice, M Bannister, J LeDuc, R Moller, L AF Attard, Catherine R. M. Beheregaray, Luciano B. Jenner, Curt Gill, Peter Jenner, Micheline Morrice, Margaret Bannister, John LeDuc, Rick Moeller, Luciana TI Genetic diversity and structure of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in Australian feeding aggregations SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Blue whale; Balaenoptera musculus; Microsatellite; Mitochondrial DNA; Australia ID ATLANTIC HUMPBACK WHALES; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BOTTLENECK; SEQUENCES; POWER; LOCI AB The worldwide distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) has not prevented this species from becoming endangered due to twentieth century whaling. In Australia there are two known feeding aggregations of blue whales, which most likely are the pygmy subspecies (B. m. brevicauda). It is unknown whether individuals from these feeding aggregations belong to one breeding stock, or multiple breeding stocks that either share or occupy separate feeding grounds. This was investigated using ten microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA control region sequences (N = 110). Both sets of markers revealed no significant genetic structure, suggesting that these whales are likely to belong to the same breeding stock. C1 [Beheregaray, Luciano B.; Moeller, Luciana] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Attard, Catherine R. M.; Beheregaray, Luciano B.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Jenner, Curt; Jenner, Micheline] Ctr Whale Res, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia. [Gill, Peter; Morrice, Margaret] Blue Whale Study, Narrawong, Vic 3285, Australia. [Gill, Peter; Morrice, Margaret] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Bannister, John] Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6986, Australia. [LeDuc, Rick] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Moeller, Luciana] Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Moller, L (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM luciana.moller@flinders.edu.au RI Beheregaray, Luciano/A-8621-2008; OI Beheregaray, Luciano/0000-0003-0944-3003 FU Australian Defence Department; Australian Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts [CAEC/14/2002, A19/2006, 2008/017] FX This study was funded by the Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian Antarctic Division. Sampling was conducted during a study program funded by the Australian Defence Department and the Australian Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts under animal ethics approval from the Department of Conservation and Land Management Animal Ethics Committee (#CAEC/14/2002), Deakin University Animal Welfare Committee (#A19/2006), and/or Macquarie University Animal Research Authority (#2008/017). Permits were supplied by the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (EPBC permits #E2008-0001, #E2003-48230, #E2002-00029) and Department of Sustainability and Environment in Victoria (#10004017). NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 43 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 2437 EP 2441 DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0121-9 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KX UT WOS:000283505900031 ER PT J AU Feldheim, KA Chapman, DD Simpfendorfer, CA Richards, VP Shivji, MS Wiley, TR Poulakis, GR Carlson, JK Eng, R Sagarese, S AF Feldheim, Kevin A. Chapman, Demian D. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. Richards, Vincent P. Shivji, Mahmood S. Wiley, Tonya R. Poulakis, Gregg R. Carlson, John K. Eng, Rowena Sagarese, Skyler TI Genetic tools to support the conservation of the endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sawfish; Microsatellites; DNA barcoding; Wildlife trade ID GREAT WHITE SHARK; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; TRADE; IDENTIFICATION; RECOVERY; PROGRAM; SAMPLES; FISHES; MARKET; LOCI AB The smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, is protected under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) and all forms of international trade of this species are prohibited under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). Although it is illegal to land or trade P. pectinata within the US or across its borders, it is difficult to enforce these regulations for some sawfish body parts because they resemble legally-traded shark body parts (e. g. dried fins). There is also a growing need for conservation genetics research on this species and its relatives, including assessments of population structure and genetic diversity. Given these pressing trade monitoring and research needs, we developed: (1) a rapid PCR-based test to identify P. pectinata body parts in trade in the US and western Atlantic, (2) a DNA-barcode based on 520 bp of cytochrome b that resolves P. pectinata and five other extant sawfish species and (3) a suite of 11 polymorphic P. pectinata microsatellite markers that can be used in a variety of conservation genetics applications for this and other sawfish species. We anticipate that this suite of genetic tools will contribute to the conservation of this critically endangered species and its relatives by reinforcing landings and trade restrictions and by enabling future conservation genetics research. C1 [Feldheim, Kevin A.] Field Museum, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chapman, Demian D.; Eng, Rowena; Sagarese, Skyler] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Fishing & Fisheries Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Richards, Vincent P.; Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Wiley, Tonya R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Coastal Fisheries Div, Dickinson Marine Lab, Dickinson, TX 77539 USA. [Poulakis, Gregg R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, Port Charlotte, FL 33954 USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Feldheim, KA (reprint author), Field Museum, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. EM kfeldheim@fieldmuseum.org RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011 OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238 FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) [GA133F08SE4254]; Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution; Grainger Foundation; Institute for Ocean Conservation Science FX This research was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS award # GA133F08SE4254 to M. S. S., K. A. F. and D. D. C.), the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, the Grainger Foundation, and the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science. Sawfish tissue samples were obtained under ESA permits # 1352 (Mote Marine Laboratory), # 1475 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission) and # 1538 (NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center). Special thanks to Shelley Norton (NOAA Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office) for helping to secure funds, Nicole Phillips for providing tissue samples from other sawfish species, and the Bimini Biological Field Station for Bahamian samples. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9175-8 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 761PD UT WOS:000290409000024 ER PT J AU Baums, IB Johnson, ME Devlin-Durante, MK Miller, MW AF Baums, I. B. Johnson, M. E. Devlin-Durante, M. K. Miller, M. W. TI Host population genetic structure and zooxanthellae diversity of two reef-building coral species along the Florida Reef Tract and wider Caribbean SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE Mexico; Bahamas; Honduras; Acropora cervicornis; Montastraea faveolata; Symbiodinium Clade D ID MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ACROPORA-PALMATA; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYMBIODINIUM; PATTERNS; COMPLEX; BOUNDARIES; DISPERSAL AB In preparation for a large-scale coral restoration project, we surveyed host population genetic structure and symbiont diversity of two reef-building corals in four reef zones along the Florida reef tract (FRT). There was no evidence for coral population subdivision along the FRT in Acropora cervicornis or Montastraea faveolata based on microsatellite markers. However, in A. cervicornis, significant genetic differentiation was apparent when extending the analysis to broader scales (Caribbean). Clade diversity of the zooxanthellae differed along the FRT. A. cervicornis harbored mostly clade A with clade D zooxanthellae being prominent in colonies growing inshore and in the mid-channel zones that experience greater temperature fluctuations and receive significant nutrient and sediment input. M. faveolata harbored a more diverse array of symbionts, and variation in symbiont diversity among four habitat zones was more subtle but still significant. Implications of these results are discussed for ongoing restoration and conservation work. C1 [Baums, I. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, M. E.] Florida Keys Field Off, Nat Conservancy, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA. [Devlin-Durante, M. K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miller, M. W.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Baums, IB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM baums@psu.edu; meaghan_johnson@tnc.org; mkd143@psu.edu; margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 FU NSF OCE [0825979]; NOAA; Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative; TNC/NOAA; National Undersea Research Center FX This study was funded in part by the NSF OCE 0825979 and a NOAA contract to IB, Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative, the TNC/NOAA Community-Based Restoration Program grant, the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and supported by the National Undersea Research Center. Collection and export permits for corals were obtained from the local authorities. Field collections were done by A. Banaszak, E. Bartels, D. Gilliam, J. Herlan, R. Iglesias Prieto, L. Larson, D. Lirman, the Medina lab, T. Moore, K. Nedimyer, B. Riegel, T. Smith, C. Walter, A. Valdivia and D. Williams. Thanks to T. LaJeunesse for comments on the manuscript. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 835 EP 842 DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0645-y PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676TE UT WOS:000283940700002 ER PT J AU Vargas-Angel, B AF Vargas-Angel, Bernardo TI Crustose coralline algal diseases in the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE US Pacific; Crustose coralline algae; Disease; CLOD; Fungal disease ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; BLACK-BAND DISEASE; PRODUCTIVITY; SETTLEMENT; COMMUNITIES; PREVALENCE; PATHOGEN; ECOLOGY; CLOD AB Despite the critical role of crustose coralline algae (CCA) in coral reef formation, maintenance, and ecology, little is known about coralline algal disease abundance, distribution, etiology, or the potential implications of declining CCA flora. This paper presents the first quantitative study of CCA disease on U.S. Pacific coral reefs, based on Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 337 discrete sites, at 42 different U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands and Atolls, within 5 major geographical regions: main Hawaiian Islands, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, American Samoa, the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA), and Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Five major disease categories were enumerated, and a disease occurrence index was estimated, based on case counts relative to percent CCA cover. CCA disease occurrence exhibited considerable spatial variability both between and within islands/atolls, with some regions being disproportionately affected by disease. No diseases were observed at remote Johnston and Wake Atolls, or the main Hawaiian Islands. Diseases were rare in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands; occasional to common around the PRIA, and common to abundant in American Samoa, Guam, and the Southern Mariana Islands. Pacific-wide, disease occurrence was statistically associated with CCA percent cover and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) but not with human population density; nonetheless, disease occurrence and population density were statistically correlated for those islands containing disease. Although Pacific-wide, the occurrence of disease was low, with no active outbreaks detected in any region, hot spots of disease were detected around Guam, the southern CNMI, American Samoa, and the PRIA. The high levels of spatial and temporal variability in disease occurrence herein underscore the patchy nature and fluctuating distribution dynamics of these afflictions. Also, the widespread dispersal capabilities and extraordinary infective properties of some of these pathogens highlight the importance of better understanding CCA disease dynamics and discerning the relative threat levels on coral reef ecosystems. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Pacif Isl Fisheries Sc, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Vargas-Angel, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Pacif Isl Fisheries Sc, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Bernardo.VargasAngel@noaa.gov FU NOAA; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division; NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai FX This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. Institutional, logistic, and financial support were also provided by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division. Permission to work in different geographical regions was granted by: State of Hawaii Department of Land and Aquatic Resources, Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U. S. Air Force, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, U. S. National Park Service, Guam Department of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, CNMI Department of Environmental Quality, and CNMI Coastal Resources Management Office. The officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai are also gratefully acknowledged for support with dive and small boat operations. B Wheeler and J Kenyon assisted with a portion of data collection around the main Hawaiian Islands (2006) and American Samoa (2008), respectively. F Mancini extracted and compiled island-wide, mean annual SSTs based on NOAA's array of subsurface temperature recorder instrumentation deployed at selected locations across the U. S. Pacific Islands. M Littler provided support with disease identification and R Riosmena with selected CCA taxa identification. S Schopmeyer, J Helyer and E Looney assisted with disease data compilation; K Grimshaw, E Looney, T Acoba, and A Toperoff provided assistance with preparation of figures. The author also wants to thank E Looney, C Richards, P Vroom, and R Brainard, as well as three anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved this manuscript. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0646-x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 676TE UT WOS:000283940700016 ER PT J AU Benson, JD Bagchi, A Han, X Critser, JK Woods, EJ AF Benson, James D. Bagchi, Aniruddha Han, Xu Critser, John K. Woods, Erik J. TI Melting point equations for the ternary system water/sodium chloride/ethylene glycol revisited SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryobiology; Ethylene glycol; Phase diagram; Calorimetry ID OSMOTIC VIRIAL EQUATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE WATER; PHASE-DIAGRAM; EUTECTIC TEMPERATURES; CRYOBIOLOGY AB Partial phase diagrams are of considerable utility in the development of optimized cryobiological procedures. Recent theoretical predictions of the melting points of ternary solutions of interest to cryobiology have caused us to re-examine measurements that our group made for the ethylene-glycol-sodium chloride-water phase diagram. Here we revisit our previous experiments by measuring melting points at five ethylene-glycol to sodium chloride ratios (R values; R = 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45) and five levels of concentration for each ratio. Melting points were averaged from three measurements and plotted as a function of total solute concentration for each R value studied. The new measurements differed from our original experimental values and agreed with predicted values from both theoretical models. Additionally, the data were fit to the polynomial described in our previous report and the resulting equation was obtained: T(m) = (38.3 - 2.145 x 10(-1)R)w + (81.19 - 2.909 x 10(-1)R)w(2), where w is the total solute mass fraction. This new equation provided good fits to the experimental data as well as published values and relates the determined polynomial constants to the R value of the corresponding isopleths of the three dimensional phase diagram, allowing the liquidus curve for any R value to be obtained. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Woods, Erik J.] Gen BioTechnol LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Benson, James D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Bagchi, Aniruddha] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Han, Xu; Critser, John K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Woods, Erik J.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Woods, EJ (reprint author), Gen BioTechnol LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. EM Erik@gnrlbiotech.com FU General BioTechnology, LLC; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Research Council FX This work was supported by General BioTechnology, LLC. J. Benson is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 61 IS 3 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.10.001 PG 5 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 693HQ UT WOS:000285215600017 PM 20955693 ER PT J AU Zajdel, P Zubko, M Kusz, J Green, MA AF Zajdel, P. Zubko, M. Kusz, J. Green, M. A. TI Single crystal growth and structural properties of iron telluride doped with nickel SO CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference of Polish Society for Crystal Growth (ICPSCG) CY MAY 20-24, 2010 CL Gdansk, POLAND DE iron chalcogenides; single crystal growth; crystal structure AB We report the single crystal growth of Fe1.1-xNixTe with nominal compositions x = 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 using a slow cooled melt technique. Cylindrical crystals 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 cm long were obtained. The initial characterization, done using single-crystal diffractometer, revealed that the lattice parameter a increases and c decreases with Ni content. The crystal structure refinement was performed in the P4/nmm space group. Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of nickel in the system close to the nominal content. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Zajdel, P.; Zubko, M.; Kusz, J.] Univ Silesia, Dept Phys Crystals, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Green, M. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zajdel, P (reprint author), Univ Silesia, Dept Phys Crystals, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM pawel.zajdel@us.edu.pl RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013 OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866 FU European Union FX We would like to thank Prof. E. Talik for performing the SEM measurements. MZ was partially supported by PhD scholarship within the framework of the 'University as a Partner of the Economy Based on Science' (UPGOW) project, subsidized by the European Social Fund (EFS) of the European Union. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0232-1300 EI 1521-4079 J9 CRYST RES TECHNOL JI Cryst. Res. Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 SI SI BP 1316 EP 1320 DI 10.1002/crat.201000375 PG 5 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 693ZF UT WOS:000285263200018 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD Studart, AR Hebert, C VerHoef, JR Arola, D AF Quinn, G. D. Studart, A. R. Hebert, C. VerHoef, J. R. Arola, D. TI Fatigue of zirconia and dental bridge geometry: Design implications SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE All-ceramic bridge; Fatigue; Stress concentration; Zirconia ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; STRESS-DISTRIBUTION; IN-VITRO; CERAMICS; LIFETIME; 3-UNIT; WATER AB Zirconia is currently used as a framework material for posterior all- ceramic bridges. While the majority of research efforts have focused on the microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties of this material, clinical fractures appear to be largely associated with the appliance geometry. Objective. The objective of this study was to estimate the maximum stress concentration posed by the connector geometry and to provide adjusted estimates of the minimum connector diameter that is required for achieving 20 years of function. Methods. A simple quantitative description of the connector geometry in an all- ceramic 4unit bridge design is used with published stress concentration factor charts to estimate the degree of stress concentration and the maximum stress. Results. The magnitude of stress concentration estimated for clinically relevant connector geometries ranges from 2 to 3. Using previously published recommendations for connector designs, adjusted estimates for the minimum connector diameter required to achieve 20 years of clinical function are presented. Significance. To prevent clinical fractures the minimum connector diameter in multi- unit bridges designsmust account for the loads incurred during function and the extent of stress concentration posed by the connector geometry. (C) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quinn, G. D.; Hebert, C.; VerHoef, J. R.; Arola, D.] UMBC, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Quinn, G. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Studart, A. R.] ETH, Dept Mat, Zurich, Switzerland. [Arola, D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Arola, D (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM darola@umbc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NIDCR DE017983, NIDCR DE016904] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health under programs (NIDCR DE017983) and (NIDCR DE016904). NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1133 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2010.07.014 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 673FO UT WOS:000283644700005 PM 20813401 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, CH Kaplan, IC Levin, PS Mangel, M AF Ainsworth, Cameron H. Kaplan, Isaac C. Levin, Phillip S. Mangel, Marc TI A statistical approach for estimating fish diet compositions from multiple data sources: Gulf of California case study SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Atlantis; Dirichlet; FishBase; fish diet; Gulf of California, Mexico; gut content; maximum-likelihood estimation; predator-prey interactions; Sea of Cortez; stomach content ID MULTIVARIATE-BETA-DISTRIBUTION; MULTINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; ECOPATH; BALANCE; CONSERVATION; ASSESSMENTS; DIRICHLET AB Trophic ecosystem models are one promising tool for providing ecosystem-based management advice. Diet and interaction rate parameters are critical in defining the behavior of these models, and will greatly influence any predictions made in response to management perturbations. However, most trophic ecosystem models must rely on a patchwork of data availability and must contend with knowledge gaps and poor quantification of uncertainty. Here we present a statistical method for combining diet information from field samples and literature to describe trophic relationships at the level of functional groups. In this example, original fieldwork in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, provides gut content data for targeted and untargeted fish species. The field data are pooled with diet composition information from FishBase, an online data repository. Diet information is averaged across stomachs to represent an average predator, and then the data are bootstrapped to generate likelihood profiles. These are fit to a Dirichlet function, and from the resulting marginal distributions, maximum-likelihood estimates are generated with confidence intervals representing the likely contribution to diet for each predator-prey combination. We characterize trophic linkages into two broad feeding guilds, pelagic and demersal feeders, and explore differentiation within those guilds. We present an abbreviated food web for the northern Gulf of California based on the results of this study. This food web will form the basis of a trophic dynamic model. Compared to the common method of averaging diet compositions across predators, this statistical approach is less influenced by the presence of long tails in the distributions, which correspond to rare feeding events, and is therefore better suited to small data sets. C1 [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] NOAA, NWFSC, Americas Inc, MRAG, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NWFSC, Americas Inc, MRAG, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM cameron.ainsworth@noaa.gov RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011 FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge Brice Semmens at Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) for helpful discussions and for providing MATLAB code to fit gut content data to the Dirichlet distribution. We also thank Bethann Pflugeisen for discussions on the Dirichlet distribution and Nick Tolimieri at NWFSC for discussions on the statistical analysis. Researchers from Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Oceanos (CEDO) conducted field and laboratory work (Angeles Sanchez-Cruz, Rene Loaiza-Villanueva, Sergio Perez-Valencia, and Veronica Castaneda Fernandez de Lara) as well as researchers from Comunidad y Biodiversidad (COBI) (Nabor Encinas, Mario Rojo, and Cesar Moreno) and the Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas de Noroeste (CIBNOR-Guaymas). This study was funded by a grant from the David and Lucille Packard Foundation. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 29 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2188 EP 2202 DI 10.1890/09-0611.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690IM UT WOS:000284996600011 PM 21265451 ER PT J AU Field, JC MacCall, AD Bradley, RW Sydeman, WJ AF Field, J. C. MacCall, A. D. Bradley, R. W. Sydeman, W. J. TI Estimating the impacts of fishing on dependent predators: a case study in the California Current SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE breeding success; California Current; carrying capacity; ecosystem management; juvenile rockfish; predator-prey interactions; prey resource availability; seabirds; Sebastes spp. ID ROCKFISH SEBASTES; CURRENT SYSTEM; TOP PREDATORS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; BRANDTS CORMORANTS; SANDEEL ABUNDANCE; UPWELLING SYSTEM; FARALLON-ISLAND AB Juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are important prey to seabirds in the California Current System, particularly during the breeding season. Both seabird breeding success and the abundance of pelagic juvenile rockfish show high interannual variability. This covariation is largely a response to variable ocean conditions; however, fishing on adult rockfish may have had consequences for seabird productivity (e. g., the number of chicks fledged per breeding pair) by reducing the availability of juvenile rockfish to provisioning seabird parents. We tested the hypothesis that fishing has decreased juvenile rockfish availability and thereby limited seabird productivity over the past 30 years. We quantified relationships between observed juvenile rockfish relative abundance and seabird productivity, used fisheries stock assessment approaches to estimate the relative abundance of juvenile rockfish in the absence of fishing, and compared the differences in seabird productivity that would have resulted without rockfish fisheries. We examined the abundance of juvenile rockfish and the corresponding productivity of three seabird species breeding on Southeast Farallon Island (near San Francisco, California, USA) from the early 1980s to the present. Results show that while the relative abundance of juvenile rockfish has declined to similar to 50% of the estimated unfished biomass, seabirds achieved 75-95% of the estimated un-impacted levels of productivity, depending upon the species of bird and various model assumptions. These results primarily reflect seabirds with "conservative'' life histories (one egg laid per year) and may be different for species with more flexible life history strategies (greater reproductive effort). Our results are consistent with the premise that the impacts of local rockfish fisheries on seabird productivity are less than impacts that have occurred to the prey resources themselves due to ocean climate and the ability of seabirds to buffer against changes in prey availability through prey-switching and other behavioral mechanisms. C1 [Field, J. C.; MacCall, A. D.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bradley, R. W.] Point Reyes Bird Observ Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. [Sydeman, W. J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA. RP Field, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM John.Field@noaa.gov FU Farallon Institute; California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea Grant [OPC-ENV07]; NOAA FX Studies of seabirds on the Farallon Islands are facilitated by a contract between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Point Reyes Bird Observatory (PRBO). We thank many PRBO biologists for collecting the data used in this report; Andre Punt, Stephen Ralston, Julie Thayer, Brian Wells, and Anna Zagorska for comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this manuscript; two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the final manuscript; Ian Stewart, Meisha Key, Xi He, John Wallace, and David Sampson for their assistance in developing the "dynamic'' B0 simulations; Jarrod Santora for producing Fig. 1; the Captain(s) and crew of the David Starr Jordan for their invaluable assistance conducting the juvenile rockfish trawl survey; and the multitude of workers who contributed to the seabird food habits and productivity observations over the past three decades. Financial support for W. J. Sydeman has come from donors of the Farallon Institute and grants from the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea Grant (OPC-ENV07) and NOAA (Fisheries and the Environment program). NR 79 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2223 EP 2236 DI 10.1890/09-0428.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690IM UT WOS:000284996600013 PM 21265453 ER PT J AU Holsman, KK McDonald, PS Barreyro, PA Armstrong, DA AF Holsman, Kirstin K. McDonald, P. Sean Barreyro, Pablo A. Armstrong, David A. TI Restoration through eradication? Removal of an invasive bioengineer restores some habitat function for a native predator SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic smooth cordgrass; BACI design; bioengineers; Cancer magister; Dungeness crab; eradication; estuaries; function; habitat; invasive species; migratory predators; Spartina alterniflora ID CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; SUBADULT DUNGENESS CRAB; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; WILLAPA BAY; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SMOOTH CORDGRASS; OYSTER REEFS; PACIFIC ESTUARIES; CARCINUS-MAENAS AB Invasive aquatic macrophytes increase structural complexity in recipient systems and alter trophic and physical resources; thus, eradication programs that remove plant structure have potential to restore some impaired ecological functions. In this study we evaluate how an invasive ecosystem engineer, Atlantic smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), interferes with the movement and foraging activity of a mobile predator, Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), and whether removal of aboveground cordgrass structure rapidly reestablishes access to foraging habitats. By 2004, smooth cordgrass had invaded >25% of crab foraging habitat in Willapa Bay, Washington (USA), and transformed it into a highly structured landscape. However, by 2007 successful eradication efforts had eliminated most meadows of the cordgrass. In order to investigate the effect of smooth cordgrass on the habitat function of littoral areas for foraging crabs, we integrated field, laboratory, and statistical modeling approaches. We conducted trapping surveys at multiple sites and used a hierarchical model framework to examine patterns in catches prior to and following cordgrass removal (i.e., before-after control-impact design, BACI). Prior to eradication, catches of Dungeness crabs in unstructured habitats were 4-19 times higher than catches in adjacent patches of live cordgrass. In contrast, the results of post-eradication trapping in 2007 indicated similar catch rates of crabs in unstructured habitats and areas formerly invaded by the cordgrass. Subsequent laboratory experiments and video observations demonstrated that the rigid physical structure of smooth cordgrass shoots reduces the ability of Dungeness crabs to access prey resources and increases the risk of stranding. Taken together, these findings suggest that eliminating the structural complexity of invasive macrophytes may rapidly restore some ecological function (i.e., foraging area) for migratory predators like Dungeness crab. However, restoration of affected areas to a preinvasion state will also depend on long-term patterns of succession in invaded areas and the degree of persistence of physical changes that continue to alter biotic characteristics of the habitat. Our work highlights: (1) the efficacy of employing multiple methods of inquiry to evaluate causal relationships through mechanisms of interaction, and (2) the importance of targeting particular ecological functions when identifying both short-and long-term goals of restoration efforts. C1 [Holsman, Kirstin K.; Armstrong, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McDonald, P. Sean; Barreyro, Pablo A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Sci Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. RP Holsman, KK (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov FU Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University; National Science Foundation [OCE-0228618]; University of Washington [NA76RG0119, R/ES-34]; NOAA [NA06OAR4170165] FX We thank E. Buhle for statistical assistance and A. Admundsen, R. Redekopp, M. Smith, H. Stapleton, and B. Stevick for help collecting field data in Willapa Bay. We are grateful to D. Wilson and other property owners in Willapa Bay for providing access to study locations. P. Barreyro and P. McDonald received support from Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, and an award from the National Science Foundation (OCE-0228618). The manuscript was improved with comments from two anonymous reviewers. Personnel support for this work was also provided by the National Research Council and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This research was funded in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to NOAA award number NA76RG0119, project R/ES-34, and the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program under award number NA06OAR4170165. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 59 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2249 EP 2262 DI 10.1890/09-1168.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 690IM UT WOS:000284996600015 PM 21265455 ER PT J AU Clarke, LM Munch, SB Thorrold, SR Conover, DO AF Clarke, Lora M. Munch, Stephan B. Thorrold, Simon R. Conover, David O. TI High connectivity among locally adapted populations of a marine fish (Menidia menidia) SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic silverside; connectivity; gene flow; local adaptation; Menidia menidia; northeastern US Coast; otolith chemistry; population structure ID GENE FLOW; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; NATURAL-SELECTION; ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; DIFFERENT LATITUDES; RAINBOW SMELT; OTOLITHS; MODELS; GROWTH AB Patterns of connectivity are important in understanding the geographic scale of local adaptation in marine populations. While natural selection can lead to local adaptation, high connectivity can diminish the potential for such adaptation to occur. Connectivity, defined as the exchange of individuals among subpopulations, is presumed to be significant in most marine species due to life histories that include widely dispersive stages. However, evidence of local adaptation in marine species, such the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, raises questions concerning the degree of connectivity. We examined geochemical signatures in the otoliths, or ear bones, of adult Atlantic silversides collected in 11 locations along the northeastern coast of the United States from New Jersey to Maine in 2004 and eight locations in 2005 using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry (irm-MS). These signatures were then compared to baseline signatures of juvenile fish of known origin to determine natal origin of these adult fish. We then estimated migration distances and the degree of mixing from these data. In both years, fish generally had the highest probability of originating from the same location in which they were captured (0.01-0.80), but evidence of mixing throughout the sample area was present. Furthermore, adult M. menidia exhibit highly dispersive behavior with some fish migrating over 700 km. The probability of adult fish returning to natal areas differed between years, with the probability being, on average, 0.2 higher in the second year. These findings demonstrate that marine species with largely open populations are capable of local adaptation despite apparently high gene flow. C1 [Clarke, Lora M.; Munch, Stephan B.; Conover, David O.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 EW Highway,Room 15728, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Lora.Clarke@noaa.gov RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012 OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0425830, OCE-0134998]; New York State Department of Environmental Conservation FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant OCE-0425830 to D. O. Conover and grant OCE-0134998 to S. R. Thorrold) and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. We thank past and present members of the Conover Laboratory, K. Able, S. Hagan, R. Hagan, and J. Socrates for help with sample collections. We thank V. Barner, T. Duffy, L. Hice, and A. Salvato for help with otolith extractions. We thank S. Birdwhistell and D. Ostermann for assistance with the otolith analyses and S. Sanudo for use of laboratory space. We also thank R. Cerrato and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 2010 VL 91 IS 12 BP 3526 EP 3537 DI 10.1890/09-0548.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699AA UT WOS:000285635100015 PM 21302825 ER PT J AU Lee, CH Moffat, TP AF Lee, Chang Hwa Moffat, Thomas P. TI A modified Damascene electrodeposition process for bottom-up filling of recessed surface features SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Damascene process; Nickel; Superconformal deposition; Bottom up filling; Mercaptobenzimidazole ID SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; BLIND HOLES; THIN-FILM; COPPER; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; CELLS AB A modification of the conventional Damascene metallization process is described whereby selective removal of the thin wetting/seed layer horn the sidewalls and free surfaces enables selective nucleation and bottom-up electrodeposition of metals and alloys in recessed sui face features The process is demonstrated by filling sub-micrometer trenches with electrodeposited Ni A conventional PVD Cu seed layer is etched to remove Cu from the sidewalls and free surface while leaving a continuous Cu wetting layer intact on the trench bottom The underlying non-wetting barrier layer provides a conductive path for electrodeposition from contacts on the perimeter of the work piece to the trench bottom The robustness of the bottom-up Ni electrodeposition process is greatly increased by the addition of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) to the plating bath The additive hinders spurious nucleation of Ni on residual Cu patches that may remain on the free sui face Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 28 BP 8527 EP 8531 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.045 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 683AF UT WOS:000284443400025 ER PT J AU Hwang, SM Lee, CH Kim, JJ Moffat, TP AF Hwang, Sun-Mi Lee, Chang Hwa Kim, Jae Jeong Moffat, Thomas P. TI Oxygen reduction reaction on electrodeposited Pt100-x-yNixPdy thin films SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Electrocatalysis; Electrodeposition; Pt alloys; PtNiPd; Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) ID SHELL NANOPARTICLE ELECTROCATALYSTS; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; COMPOSITIONAL CONTROL; ALLOY CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN ELECTROSORPTION; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE SEGREGATION; PLATINUM MONOLAYER; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; INITIAL-STAGES AB The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were examined on a series of Pt100-x-yNixPdy ternary alloys Films were produced by electrodeposition that Involved a combination of underpotential and overpotential reactions For Pt-rich Pt100-x-yNixPdy alloy films (x < 0 65) Ni co-deposition occurred at underpotentials while for Ni-rich films (x> 0 65) deposition proceeded at overpotentials Rotating disk electrode (ROE) measurements of the ORR kinetics on Pt100-x-yNixPdy thin films revealed up to similar to 6 5-fold enhancement of the catalytic activity relative to Pt films with the same Pt mass loading More than half of the electrocatalytic gain may be attributed to surface area expansion due to Ni dealloying Surface area normalization based on the H-upd charge reduced the enhancement factor to a value less than 2 The most active ternary alloy film for ORR was Pt25Ni73Pd2 Comparison of the ORR on Pt Pt20Ni80 Pt25Ni73Pd2 thin films indicate that the binary alloy is the most active with a H-upd normalized ORR enhancement factor of up to 3 0 compared to 1 6 for the ternary alloy Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Lee, Chang Hwa; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bureau Dr,Mail Stop 8551, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 28 BP 8938 EP 8946 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.013 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 683AF UT WOS:000284443400081 ER PT J AU Ghosh, T Elvidge, CD Sutton, PC Baugh, KE Ziskin, D Tuttle, BT AF Ghosh, Tilottama Elvidge, Christopher D. Sutton, Paul C. Baugh, Kimberly E. Ziskin, Daniel Tuttle, Benjamin T. TI Creating a Global Grid of Distributed Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions from Nighttime Satellite Imagery SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE CO2 grid; Nighttime satellite image; LandScan population grid ID CONSUMPTION; TRANSPORT AB The potential use of satellite observed nighttime lights for estimating carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions has been demonstrated in several previous studies. However, the procedures for a moderate resolution (1 km(2) grid cells) global map of fossil fuel CO2 emissions based on nighttime lights are still in the developmental phase. We report on the development of a method for mapping distributed fossil fuel CO2 emissions (excluding electric power utilities) at 30 arc-seconds or approximately 1 km(2) resolution using nighttime lights data collected by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS). A regression model, Model 1, was initially developed based on carbon emissions from five sectors of the Vulcan data produced by the Purdue University and a nighttime satellite image of the U.S. The coefficient derived through Model 1 was applied to the global nighttime image but it resulted in underestimation of CO2 emissions for most of the world's countries, and the states of the U.S. Thus, a second model, Model 2 was developed by allocating the distributed CO2 emissions (excluding emissions from utilities) using a combination of DMSP-OLS nighttime image and population count data from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) LandScan grid. The CO2 emissions were distributed in proportion to the brightness of the DMSP nighttime lights in areas where lighting was detected. In areas with no DMSP detected lighting, the CO2 emissions were distributed based on population count, with the assumption that people who live in these areas emit half as much CO2 as people who live in the areas with DMSP detected lighting. The results indicate that the relationship between satellite observed nighttime lights and CO2 emissions is complex, with differences between sectors and variations in lighting practices between countries. As a result it is not possible to make independent estimates of CO2 emissions with currently available coarse resolution panchromatic satellite observed nighttime lights. However, the nighttime lights image in conjunction with the population grid can help in more accurate disaggregation of national CO2 emissions to a moderate resolution spatial grid. C1 [Ghosh, Tilottama; Baugh, Kimberly E.; Ziskin, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Solar & Terr Phys Div, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sutton, Paul C.; Tuttle, Benjamin T.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Ghosh, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tilottama.ghosh@noaa.gov; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; paul.sutton@du.edu; kim.baugh@noaa.gov; daniel.ziskin@noaa.gov; btuttle@du.edu RI Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 33 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1895 EP 1913 DI 10.3390/en3121895 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 699XG UT WOS:000285695600004 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Wells, BK Sogard, SM Grimes, CB Cailliet, GM AF Miller, Jessica A. Wells, Brian K. Sogard, Susan M. Grimes, Churchill B. Cailliet, Gregor M. TI Introduction to proceedings of the 4th International Otolith Symposium SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHEMISTRY; PACIFIC C1 [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Wells, Brian K.; Sogard, Susan M.; Grimes, Churchill B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jessica.miller@oregonstate.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9715-9 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 690BZ UT WOS:000284976500001 ER PT J AU Zabel, RW Haught, KI Chittaro, PM AF Zabel, Richard W. Haught, Kern I. Chittaro, Paul M. TI Variability in fish size/otolith radius relationships among populations of Chinook salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Otolith Symposium CY AUG 24-28, 2009 CL Monterey, CA DE Otolith; Back-calculation; Growth; Chinook salmon ID OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; BACK-CALCULATION; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH-RATES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SIZE RELATIONSHIP; SOMATIC GROWTH; PACIFIC SALMON; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL AB Back-calculation of growth trajectories from otolith microstructure is a valuable tool for understanding mechanisms underlying variability in growth among fish populations. We analyzed fish length/otolith radius relationships for Snake River spring/summer Chinook and Snake River fall Chinook salmon, listed as separate "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs) under the US Endangered Species Act, to determine whether these ESUs shared relationships. In addition, we analyzed otoliths from seven separate populations within the Snake River spring/summer Chinook ESU to assess the variability in relationships among populations, which are much more closely related than ESUs. We also examined several potential functional forms for the equations. We found that the separate ESUs had significantly different fish length/otolith radius relationships, but that variability in otolith growth rate could not explain the difference. Relationships among populations within the spring/summer Chinook ESU did not vary nearly as much as those between ESUs. The quadratic model and the power model fit the data equally well, and constraining these models to pass through a biological intercept (estimated fish length and otolith radius at hatching) resulted in only a slight decrease in model fit. To test the ability of the models to back-calculate fish lengths, we predicted the length at tagging for 17 PIT-tagged fall Chinook that were measured at release and at recapture. The back-calculation demonstrated little bias (<1 mm FL, on average) and relatively small standard deviation (similar to 3.5 mm) for the best model. When we repeated the back-calculation with data from both ESUs combined, bias increased substantially (to 15 mm FL), demonstrating the importance of determining the proper taxonomic level at which to combine data within a species. C1 [Zabel, Richard W.; Haught, Kern I.; Chittaro, Paul M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9678-x PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 690BZ UT WOS:000284976500006 ER PT J AU DiMaria, RA Miller, JA Hurst, TP AF DiMaria, R. A. Miller, J. A. Hurst, T. P. TI Temperature and growth effects on otolith elemental chemistry of larval Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Otolith Symposium CY AUG 24-28, 2009 CL Monterey, CA DE Partition coefficient; Magnesium; Barium; Strontium; Otolith; Gadus macrocephalus ID SPOT LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MARINE FISH; STRONTIUM; SALINITY; BARIUM; RATIOS; WATER; MANGANESE; GULF AB Variation in otolith elemental composition is used to investigate movements of teleost fishes based on observations that otolith elemental composition reflects variation in water chemistry. Various environmental (e.g., temperature, salinity, and water concentration) and biological (e.g., growth, diet, and ontogeny) factors can influence otolith elemental incorporation although the relative influence of these factors remains poorly understood for most species. Therefore, we examined the effects of temperature and growth rate on the otolith elemental composition of larval Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus. The larvae were progeny of wild Pacific cod collected from spawning grounds near Kodiak Island, Alaska. Immediately after hatching, larvae were acclimated to 2 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and 8 degrees C and reared for 38-51 days. Otolith concentrations of Li, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba were measured using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Li and Zn otolith concentrations were near detection limits and excluded from subsequent analyses. The effects of temperature on otolith partition coefficients (D(Me)) varied among elements. D(Mg) showed no relationship with temperature whereas D(Sr) and D(Ba) decreased with increasing temperature. It is possible that, for larval Pacific cod, kinetic effects are more important in the incorporation of Sr and Ba whereas metabolic effects may play a larger role in the incorporation of Mg. There was no evidence for an effect of somatic growth rate or otolith precipitation rate on D(Me) for any of the elements, which indicates that individual growth variation is unlikely to lead to misinterpretation of field-collected data. Understanding variable relationships among otolith elemental signatures, environmental conditions, and fish physiology can improve the accuracy of interpretations of field data, particularly in marine systems where spatial variation in element concentrations are typically lower than freshwater environments. C1 [DiMaria, R. A.; Miller, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hurst, T. P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP DiMaria, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM dimariar@onid.orst.edu RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9665-2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 690BZ UT WOS:000284976500021 ER PT J AU Barnett, BK Patterson, WF AF Barnett, Beverly K. Patterson, William F., III TI The effect of coring and pulverizing juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, otoliths on their chemical signatures SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Otolith Symposium CY AUG 24-28, 2009 CL Monterey, CA DE Otolith chemistry; ICP-MS; IR-MS; Red snapper ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FISH OTOLITHS; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS; NURSERY AREAS; BLUEFIN TUNA; MARINE FISH; CHEMISTRY; METAPOPULATION; POPULATIONS; ELEMENTS AB Experiments were conducted to test whether coring and pulverizing juvenile red snapper otoliths affected their chemical signatures, which consisted of element:Ca ratios (Ba:Ca, Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Sr:Ca) and stable isotope delta values (delta C-13 and delta(18)o). Analysis of otolith pairs revealed no significant difference in elemental (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.954) or stable isotope signatures (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.991) between whole right versus whole left otoliths. Pulverizing otoliths did not contaminate elemental signatures (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.726), but elemental signatures were significantly different in otolith cores versus whole otoliths (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.015). Specifically, significant differences were detected in Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Li:Ca between whole right versus cored left otoliths (paired t-test, p <= 0.012 for each), which resulted from systematic differences of slightly higher Ba:Ca and Mn:Ca in cored versus whole otoliths, while the opposite was true for Li:Ca. Stable isotope signatures also were significantly different between pulverized whole right versus cored and pulverized left otolith cores (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.007), which was driven by slightly lower delta C-13 and delta O-18 values in otolith cores versus whole otoliths (paired t-test, p <= 0.007 for each). However, no significant differences were found in either elemental or stable isotope signatures between whole right and cored left otoliths when residuals of right versus residuals of left signatures were analyzed (Hotelling's paired T-2, p >= 0.992). Overall, study results indicate extracted otolith cores reflect the chemistry of whole age-0 red snapper otoliths, but residuals should be modeled to account for systematic ontogenetic shifts observed in some constituents. Alternatively, cores of age-0 otoliths, instead of whole otoliths, could be analyzed initially to derive nursery-specific chemical signatures such that material later extracted from adult cores would correspond to the same dimensions as the otolith material originally assayed in age-0 otoliths. C1 [Barnett, Beverly K.] NOAA, Fisheries SEFSC, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. [Patterson, William F., III] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA. RP Barnett, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries SEFSC, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. EM Beverly.Barnett@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9697-7 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 690BZ UT WOS:000284976500022 ER PT J AU Barnett-Johnson, R Teel, DJ Casillas, E AF Barnett-Johnson, Rachel Teel, David J. Casillas, Edmundo TI Genetic and otolith isotopic markers identify salmon populations in the Columbia River at broad and fine geographic scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Otolith Symposium CY AUG 24-28, 2009 CL Monterey, CA DE Conservation; Ecology; Freshwater; Habitat; Management; Marine ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; LA-MC-ICPMS; CHINOOK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MICROSATELLITE DNA; FISH POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Processes occurring in freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats strongly influence the growth, survival and reproductive success of salmonids. Nonetheless, implementing an ecosystem model explicitly linking these important habitats has been hindered by the inability to track the source identity of individuals where they co-occur. Here we explore the development and integration of natural markers-molecular and isotopic to characterize the natal sources of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Mid and Upper Columbia River summer/fall-run (UCR Su/F) population. Microsatellite DNA markers identified the majority of juveniles collected in rivers and hatcheries in the Mid and Upper Columbia River watershed to the Summer/Fall-run population in this watershed with 90% posterior probabilities of group membership. Strontium isotopes (Sr-87/Sr-86) measured in the natal rearing portion of the otolith showed significant geographic variation among natal rivers and hatcheries. Natal sites exhibited a wide dynamic range in Sr-87/Sr-86 source signatures (0.7043-0.7142), such that on average 61% of individuals were correctly classified to the location from which they were collected. We found that multilocus genotypes and otolith Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios collected on the same individuals were complementary markers when applied in a hierarchy. Microsatellites successfully assigned individuals to the broader UCR Su/F genetic group and Sr-87/Sr-86 provided finer-scale geographic assignments to five natal river and hatchery groups nested within the UCR Su/F population. The temporal stability of both genetic and Sr-87/Sr-86 markers, together with the coast-wide microsatellite baseline currently being used for mixed-stock fisheries management supports the further development and integration of Sr-87/Sr-86 markers to potentially achieve finer levels of stock resolution. Stock identification at the scales of individual rivers and hatcheries would help elucidate the abundance, distribution, and the relative contributions of natal sources important for the recovery and spatial management of Chinook salmon. C1 [Barnett-Johnson, Rachel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA USA. [Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. EM Barnett-Johnson@biology.ucsc.edu NR 66 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3-4 BP 533 EP 546 DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9662-5 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 690BZ UT WOS:000284976500029 ER PT J AU Viscido, SV Holmes, EE AF Viscido, Steven V. Holmes, Elizabeth E. TI Statistical modelling of communities and ecosystems using the LAMDA software tool SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Multivariate auto-regressive first-order model; Community model; Time series; Interaction matrix; Simulated annealing ID TIME-SERIES; LAKE AB Understanding species interactions is critical to discovering community dynamics. Recently, statistical methods for estimating species interaction strengths from time series data have been developed based on multivariate auto-regressive first-order, or MAR(1), models. However, the complex coding required presents a substantial barrier for most ecologists. We have developed LAMBDA, a software program that allows users to easily fit MAR(1) models to multi-species time series data. The LAMBDA package covers: data input and transformation, selection of the interactions to include via a search algorithm and model selection, estimation of interaction parameters via conditional least squares (CLS) regression or two different maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithms, estimation of confidence intervals via bootstrapping, and computation of community stability properties using the estimated model. We describe performance tests on the variability of estimates, computation speed, and CLS versus ML estimation using simulated data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Viscido, Steven V.] Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Viscido, SV (reprint author), Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Life Sci, 601 S Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA. EM viscidost@wssu.edu FU NRC FX We are grateful the many people who assisted in LAMBDA's development, including A. Ives, B. Dennis, S. Hampton, S. Katz, M. Scheuerell, and three anonymous reviewers, as well as participants of two workshops (at NCEAS and the 2007 ESA meeting) who provided comments and testing. SVV's funding was provided through an NRC Post-doctoral Research Apprenticeship. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1905 EP 1908 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.05.010 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 660PI UT WOS:000282655200041 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI SANS from Pluronic P85 in d-water SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Pluronics; Phase transitions; Small-angle neutron scattering; SANS; Polymeric micelles AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate Pluronic P85 (EO(26)PO(40)EO(26)) copolymer in deuterated water. A range of P85 fractions were measured for a wide sample temperature window. A rich phase behavior is reported. Unimers were observed below the critical micelle formation condition. At fixed P85 fraction, a number of micellar phases were observed upon increasing temperature: first spherical micelles, then cylindrical micelles, then lamellar micelles. At the highest temperature, a demixed lamellae phase was observed. Analysis of the SANS data consisted in fits to an empirical Guinier-Porod model that was appropriate for data fitting in the various phases at low P85 fractions. When the P85 fraction increased, an inter-particle structure factor was included to analyze SANS data from concentrated spherical micelles. At high P85 fractions, paracrystalline structures were observed as evidenced by an enhanced inter-particle interaction peak. A phase diagram for P85/d-water was obtained showing the various phases. Focusing on the spherical micelles phase for one sample composition, a core-shell model was used to fit SANS data and obtain sizes and scattering length densities. Using material balance equations, information such as the aggregation number (i.e., number of Pluronic macromolecules per micelle) and the number of hydration water molecules in the shell region are determined. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Discussions with Steve Kline are appreciated. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2275 EP 2281 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.10.012 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 692CI UT WOS:000285128700008 ER PT J AU Squires, D AF Squires, Dale TI Fisheries buybacks: a review and guidelines SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Buybacks; conservation; decommissioning schemes; fisheries ID PROGRAMS; SUBSIDIES AB Buybacks of fishing vessels, licences, access and other rights, and gear, sometimes called decommissioning schemes, have traditionally been a key policy tool to address overcapacity, overexploitation of fish stocks, and distributional issues in fisheries. Two more issues can be added, sustainable use of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity (i.e. ecological public goods and services) and providing a transition to a more rationalized fishery. This study discusses reasons for buybacks; examines consequences; considers asymmetric information, design of buyback auctions and other design issues; buybacks as a transition to a rationalized industry with strong property rights and governance, financing and transnational fisheries; draws out key lessons from the international experience; and provides an overall evaluation. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM dale.squires@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 4 BP 366 EP 387 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00365.x PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 674BL UT WOS:000283708400003 ER PT J AU Clemens, BJ Binder, TR Docker, MF Moser, ML Sower, SA AF Clemens, Benjamin J. Binder, Thomas R. Docker, Margaret F. Moser, Mary L. Sower, Stacia A. TI Similarities, Differences, and Unknowns in Biology and Management of Three Parasitic Lampreys of North America SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID INDICATES SEA LAMPREYS; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PETROMYZON-MARINUS L.; PACIFIC LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; LAKE-ONTARIO; GREAT-LAKES; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; SPAWNING MIGRATION; COLUMBIA RIVER AB Sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, are invasive to the Laurentian Great Lakes where they have decimated native fishes. Great Lakes sea lampreys have been subjected to control measures for several decades, and the drive to control them has led to major advances in understanding their biology and in informing management. In contrast, anadromous sea and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus) lampreys have co-evolved with their oceanic prey. Both of these anadromous lampreys are in decline, and a limited amount of information on their biology has stymied conservation. The tendency has been to make biological inferences about anadromous lampreys based on the Great Lakes sea lamprey without justifiable evidence. We identify areas in which key information is missing for the juvenile (parasitic feeding) phase and adult freshwater spawning migrations, and compare and contrast information for these lampreys. Our comparisons reveal major differences, some intriguing similarities, and key unknowns that will require empirical testing. C1 [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Binder, Thomas R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Docker, Margaret F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Moser, Mary L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Mol & Comparat Endocrinol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission FX We thank Dr. Carl Schreck for encouragement. Financial support was provided by the Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission to BJC; the views expressed in this paper do not necessarily constitute the views of any of these organizations. Additional support was provided by NSF IOS-0849569 to SAS. This paper benefited from comments from Stan van de Wetering, Ralph Lampman, Brett Blundon, and Doug Markle. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful and constructive criticisms. We are grateful to Ulrich Reinhardt and Stan van de Wetering for use of photos and to Deian Moore for the illustration of the lampreys in Figure 1. NR 114 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 12 BP 580 EP 594 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.12.580 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 701BR UT WOS:000285789800003 ER PT J AU Ichinokawa, M Brodziak, J AF Ichinokawa, Momoko Brodziak, Jon TI Using adaptive area stratification to standardize catch rates with application to North Pacific swordfish (Xiphias gladius) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Standardizing catch per-unit effort; Spatial stratification; Highly migratory species; Generalized linear model ID LONGLINE FISHERY; MODEL; ABUNDANCE AB This paper develops a new method to objectively construct an area stratification for standardizing catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) with generalized linear models (GLMs) This algorithm incorporates the advantages of binary recursion as used in regression trees to minimize a chosen objective function and extends the concept of stepwise model selection to minimize an appropriate goodness-of-fit criterion for a chosen statistical model such as GLM The algorithm can adaptively search for area stratifications that achieved better GLM fits to the CPUE data The new algorithm which we call GLM-tree is applied to swordfish CPUE data from Japanese longline vessels in the North Pacific as a case study The GLM-tree algorithm was conducted with the fishery CPUE data under alternative assumptions about the structural complexity of the GLMs and alternative choices of goodness-of-fit criteria e g Akaike or Bayesian information criteria Results show that the GLM-tree algorithm created area stratifications more effectively than area stratification determined in an ad hoc manner and made area stratifications with better fits to swordfish CPUE data until a goodness-of-fit criteria achieved minimum The algorithm produced many alternative models under different model complexity and area stratifications which could explain the swordfish CPUE data equally well because the structural complexity of the GLMs can be compensated by increasing the number of areas Effects of area stratifications on the estimates of standardized CPUE are also shown to indicate that estimates of the abundance indices tend to converge after a sufficient number of areas have been added (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Ichinokawa, Momoko] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Res Agcy, Shimizu Ku, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Brodziak, Jon] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Ichinokawa, M (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Res Agcy, Shimizu Ku, 5 7 1 Orido, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. FU Fisheries Research Agency; National Marine Fisheries Service FX This study study has been funded by the Fisheries Research Agency and National Marine Fisheries Service Our colleagues in NRIFSF Y Takeuchi and H Shono are thanked for their helpful discussion and statistical advices K Yokawa is thanked for encouraging this study and giving useful advices on fisheries targeting swordfish Thanks are extended to the ISC Billfish Working Group members and chairman Dr G DiNardo who encouraged this study and provided useful advices and discussion and an anonymous reviewer whose helpful comments improved this manuscript NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.08.001 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 691JW UT WOS:000285077100001 ER PT J AU Harms, JH Wallace, JR Stewart, IJ AF Harms, John H. Wallace, John R. Stewart, Ian J. TI Analysis of fishery-independent hook and line-based data for use in the stock assessment of bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Standardized catch per unit effort; Relative index; Hook and line research survey; GLM; Sebastes paucispinis ID MODEL; CATCH AB Fishery-Independent surveys are an important source of information for stock assessment and management worldwide Research surveys often use trawl gear to capture commercially valuable species and calculate indices of relative abundance or density However many species of interest do not occur in direct contact with the bottom or occur in areas where high-relief habitat precludes trawl operation This paper introduces a standardized hook and line survey for rockfish conducted by NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center in the Southern California Bight The survey uses fishing gear similar to that used in many recreational fisheries to sample approximately 120 locations covering a wide range of depths and habitats To provide an example of how these data can be analyzed for direct inclusion in stock assessments we standardize catch rates of bocaccio rockfish from 2004-2008 using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model to account for site fishing time survey vessel angler and other statistically significant effects Results indicate that the bocacao stock vulnerable to this survey in the Southern California Bight has shown a relatively flat trend over recent years Length frequency distributions indicate the presence of several strong cohorts that should be detectable in future stock assessments of bocacao for use in U S West Coast groundfish management This survey is the only available tuning index for the adult portion of the bocacao population in recent years as historically used recreational catch per unit effort indices have been compromised due to changes in bag limits and other management restrictions Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Harms, John H.; Wallace, John R.; Stewart, Ian J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Harms, JH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.08.010 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 691JW UT WOS:000285077100006 ER PT J AU Wells, RJD Rooker, JR Prince, ED AF Wells, R. J. David Rooker, Jay R. Prince, Eric D. TI Regional variation in the otolith chemistry of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) from the western North Atlantic Ocean SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Stable isotopes; Billfish; Stock structure; Otolith chemistry; Migration ID PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; VERTICAL HABITAT USE; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; RECREATIONAL FISHERY; ROUNDSCALE SPEARFISH; STOCK STRUCTURE; SATELLITE TAGS; MARINE FISH; TUNA; WATER AB Stable carbon (delta C-13) and oxygen (delta O-18) isotopes in the whole otoliths of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) were quantified and regional variation in otolith composition was used to examine the population structure of both species in the western North Atlantic Ocean from collections taken over three decades (1981-2007) Otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18 of blue marlin and white marlin varied significantly among the regions investigated (Gulf of Mexico Straits of Florida Caribbean Sea and U S Atlantic) Overall cross-validated classification success was 62% for blue marlin and 46% for white marlin (collected in three of four regions) with highest classification success for blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico (85%) and for white marlin along the US Atlantic (58%) Variability in otolith delta O-18 of blue marlin and white marlin was higher in regions where individuals displayed a greater degree of movement based on previous tagging studies in the same regions Reduced variability in otolith delta O-18 of blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico combined with high classification success of individuals from this region suggests that movement out of this basin may be more limited than in other regions investigated Conversely higher variability in otolith delta O-18 and lower classification success for white marlin signifies that mixing among regions may be more common for this species These results suggest that the concept of migratory contingents may have some application to istiophorids in the western North Atlantic Ocean (i e blue marlin) but continue to support the concept of single Atlantic wide stocks for both species Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Wells, R. J. David; Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Prince, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wells, RJD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013 OI Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688 FU McDaniel Charitable Foundation; NOAA Fisheries SEFSC [NA-07NMF4720272] FX We thank the personnel of NMFS SEFSC B Bumguardner at TPWD and individuals of Texas A&M University at Galveston for assistance in otolith collections and J Hoolihan for comments on an early draft Support for this work was provided by the McDaniel Charitable Foundation and NA-07NMF4720272 award to JRR from NOAA Fisheries SEFSC NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.017 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 691JW UT WOS:000285077100021 ER PT J AU Adams, CF Harris, BP Marino, MC Stokesbury, KDE AF Adams, Charles F. Harris, Bradley P. Marino, Michael C. Stokesbury, Kevin D. E. TI Quantifying sea scallop bed diameter on Georges Bank with geostatistics SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Geostatistics; Placopecten magellanicus; Scallop bed; Sea scallop; Variogram ID PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; CLOSED AREAS; NORTH-SEA; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; ABUNDANCE; FISHERY; VARIOGRAM; BIOMASS; USA; VARIABILITY AB Spatially explicit management strategies require the identification of appropriate spatial scales for the observation analysis and management of fisheries Although the mesoscale (km) is the domain of traditional fisheries stock units there have been few attempts to describe mesoscale aggregations of scallops typically referred to as beds We quantified the average bed diameter of sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) using geostatistics Data were collected between 1999 and 2007 in the Northern Edge (NE) of Closed Area II and the Nantucket Lightship (NL) Closed Area on Georges Bank Average bed diameter in the NE varied between 65 and 8 6 km with classical variograms and 7 6-9 8 km with robust variograms Average bed diameter in the NL varied between 30 and 10 1 km with classical variograms and 40-13 22 km with robust variograms There was more spatial structure in the NE The spatial structure of the NL was less clearly defined and/or more variable Kriged maps indicate the presence of multiple beds in both areas Densities of ca 1 24 scallops/m(2) appeared to correspond well with the average bed diameters given by variograms These results can be used as guidelines for the observation and analysis of the sea scallop resource in the NE and NL Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Adams, Charles F.; Harris, Bradley P.; Marino, Michael C.; Stokesbury, Kevin D. E.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. RP Adams, CF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Stat Off, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. FU SMAST the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries NOAA [NA08NMF4720554]; Sea scallop fishery and supporting industries FX We thank the owners captains and crews who sailed with us P Christopher D Frei R Silva (NMFS) and L Gavlin (USCG) provided the Letters of Authorization Aid was provided by SMAST the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries NOAA award NA08NMF4720554 and the sea scallop fishery and supporting industries The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any other agencies NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.021 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 691JW UT WOS:000285077100025 ER PT J AU Heberer, C Aalbers, SA Bernal, D Kohin, S DiFiore, B Sepulveda, CA AF Heberer, C. Aalbers, S. A. Bernal, D. Kohin, S. DiFiore, B. Sepulveda, C. A. TI Insights into catch-and-release survivorship and stress-induced blood biochemistry of common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus) captured in the southern California recreational fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Thresher shark; Survivorship; Mortality; Fishery ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; J-HOOKS; EXERCISE; BIGHT; PERFORMANCE; RECOVERY; CAUGHT; MUSCLE; CIRCLE AB The common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) is the focus of a popular southern California recreational fishery that typically captures individuals by hooking them in the caudal fin This technique reduces the ability for forward locomotion and the capacity for ram ventilation This study assessed the post-capture survivorship of tail-hooked adult and sub-adult common thresher sharks using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and quantified physiological indicators of capture stress in the blood Survival of the acute effects of capture was determined from the depth and temperature records of 10-day PSAT deployments Survivorship estimates were based on 19 common thresher sharks [160-221 cm fork length (FL) similar to 67-151 kg] captured in southern California from 2007 to 2009 using recreational stand-up tackle (36 kg) Five mortalities were observed over the course of the study resulting in an overall post-release mortality estimate of 26% All mortalities occurred in large individuals (>= 180 cm FL) with fight times >= 85 min The archived depth and temperature data from surviving sharks resembled those of previous common thresher movement studies with a diel depth distribution predominantly within the uniformed temperature surface layer Capture Induced stress parameters measured from the blood of eight additional common thresher sharks that were not tagged revealed plasma lactate and hematocrit levels that were significantly elevated with increased fight time Similarly all thresher sharks showed heightened heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) values relative to those obtained from blood that was allowed to recover in vitro for 24 h Collectively our findings indicate that large tail-hooked common thresher sharks with prolonged fight times (>= 85 min) exhibit a heightened stress response which may contribute to an increased mortality rate These results suggest that for larger individuals the current caudal-based capture methods used in the California recreational fishery may not be suitable for an effective catch-and-release based conservation strategy (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Aalbers, S. A.; Sepulveda, C. A.] Pfleger Inst Environm Res, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. [Heberer, C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS SW Reg, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA. [Bernal, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Kohin, S.] NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [DiFiore, B.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. RP Sepulveda, CA (reprint author), Pfleger Inst Environm Res, 315 N Clementine, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-0617384, IOS-0617403]; George T Pfleger Foundation; William H and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation FX This material is based upon work supported by the Bycatch Reduction and Engineering Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Science Foundation (NSF Grants IOS-0617384 & IOS-0617403) Any opinions findings or conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation Additional support was provided by the George T Pfleger Foundation and the William H and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation Special thanks are offered to Natalie Spear Heidi Dewar Nick Wegner Thomas Fullam Jeanine Sepulveda Victoria Wintrode Lorraine Bohnet Doug Syme Jake Ness Trevor Young and Jock and Charlie Albright We appreciate the logistical support from J Valdez S Adams and T Tazo We sincerely thank Thomas Pfleger and Family for their continued dedication towards marine research NR 36 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 BP 495 EP 500 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.024 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 691JW UT WOS:000285077100028 ER PT J AU Hwang, CH Park, CH Park, SH AF Hwang, Cheol-Hong Park, Chung-Hwa Park, Seul-Hyun TI Correlations for dependence of NOx emissions on heat loss in premixed CH4/air combustion SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen oxide (NOx); NOx correlation; Heat loss; Premixed combustion ID FLAMES AB The present study represents an effort to correlate the dependence of NOx emissions on heat losses to the atmospheric environment in a CH4/air fueled combustor. To this end, the numerical analysis was performed over a wide range of residence times, equivalence ratios and heat losses using a perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) code. The numerical results showed that the calculated NOx concentration initially increased, reached a maximum value and then decreased with increasing residence time when the heat loss was present. The similar variation was observed in changes in the thermal NO concentration that was evaluated by only considering the reactions associated with the thermal (Zeldovich) NO mechanism. With the heat loss increased, the calculated NOx concentration was substantially reduced for all equivalence ratios investigated. In addition, the reductions in the NOx concentration with respect to residence time became faster with increasing the equivalence ratio particularly for fuel rich conditions. The observed variations in the calculated NOx concentration over the residence time (NOx/tau) were found to fit well to the following correlation: ln(NOx/tau) = a(HLI) + b. In the correlation, HLI is the dimensionless heat loss parameter and coefficients a and b are constants expressed as a function of adiabatic flame temperature (for a given equivalence ratio) and equivalence ratio, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hwang, Cheol-Hong; Park, Chung-Hwa] Daejeon Univ, Dept Fire & Disaster Prevent, Taejon 300716, South Korea. [Park, Seul-Hyun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Park, SH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seul.park@gmail.com NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 2010 VL 89 IS 12 BP 3710 EP 3717 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.028 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 653JK UT WOS:000282086200013 ER PT J AU Finlay, CC Maus, S Beggan, CD Bondar, TN Chambodut, A Chernova, TA Chulliat, A Golovkov, VP Hamilton, B Hamoudi, M Holme, R Hulot, G Kuang, W Langlais, B Lesur, V Lowes, FJ Luhr, H Macmillan, S Mandea, M McLean, S Manoj, C Menvielle, M Michaelis, I Olsen, N Rauberg, J Rother, M Sabaka, TJ Tangborn, A Toffner-Clausen, L Thebault, E Thomson, AWP Wardinski, I Wei, Z Zvereva, TI AF Finlay, C. C. Maus, S. Beggan, C. D. Bondar, T. N. Chambodut, A. Chernova, T. A. Chulliat, A. Golovkov, V. P. Hamilton, B. Hamoudi, M. Holme, R. Hulot, G. Kuang, W. Langlais, B. Lesur, V. Lowes, F. J. Luehr, H. Macmillan, S. Mandea, M. McLean, S. Manoj, C. Menvielle, M. Michaelis, I. Olsen, N. Rauberg, J. Rother, M. Sabaka, T. J. Tangborn, A. Toffner-Clausen, L. Thebault, E. Thomson, A. W. P. Wardinski, I. Wei, Z. Zvereva, T. I. CA Int Assoc Geomagnetism Aeronomy Wo TI International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the eleventh generation SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Magnetic field; Satellite magnetics ID IGRF; MODELS; SPACE AB The eleventh generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was adopted in December 2009 by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Working Group V-MOD. It updates the previous IGRF generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2005.0, a main field model for epoch 2010.0, and a linear predictive secular variation model for 2010.0-2015.0. In this note the equations defining the IGRF model are provided along with the spherical harmonic coefficients for the eleventh generation. Maps of the magnetic declination, inclination and total intensity for epoch 2010.0 and their predicted rates of change for 2010.0-2015.0 are presented. The recent evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly and magnetic pole positions are also examined. C1 [Finlay, C. C.] ETH, Inst Geophys, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Maus, S.; McLean, S.; Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maus, S.; McLean, S.; Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beggan, C. D.; Hamilton, B.; Macmillan, S.; Thomson, A. W. P.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland. [Bondar, T. N.; Chernova, T. A.; Golovkov, V. P.; Zvereva, T. I.] IZMIRAN, Pushkov Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radio Wa, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Reg, Russia. [Chambodut, A.] Univ Strasbourg, EOST, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg,UMR 7516, Strasbourg, France. [Chulliat, A.; Hulot, G.; Thebault, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS INSU, UMR 7154, Equipe Geomagnetisme,Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Hamoudi, M.; Lesur, V.; Luehr, H.; Michaelis, I.; Rauberg, J.; Rother, M.; Wardinski, I.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Holme, R.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Kuang, W.; Sabaka, T. J.] NASA GSFC, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Langlais, B.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France. [Lowes, F. J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Mandea, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, IPG Paris, F-75013 Paris, France. [Menvielle, M.] Univ Paris 11, Dept Sci Terre, Orsay, France. [Menvielle, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Olsen, N.; Toffner-Clausen, L.] DTU Space, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Tangborn, A.; Wei, Z.] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA. RP Finlay, CC (reprint author), ETH, Inst Geophys, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM cfinlay@erdw.ethz.ch RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011; Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Sabaka, Terence/D-5618-2012; MANDEA, Mioara/E-4892-2012; Langlais, Benoit/K-5366-2012; Kuang, Weijia/K-5141-2012; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Finlay, Christopher/B-5062-2014; Lesur, Vincent/H-1031-2012; CHAMBODUT, Aude/E-9615-2017 OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878; Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631; Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Langlais, Benoit/0000-0001-5207-304X; Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425; Finlay, Christopher/0000-0002-4592-2290; Lesur, Vincent/0000-0003-2568-320X; CHAMBODUT, Aude/0000-0001-8793-1315 FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) through Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE0944]; NASA; ESA; CNES; DARA; Thomas B. Thriges Foundation; CONAE; DMI/DTU Space; NSF FX The CHAMP mission is sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, following a decision of the German Federal Parliament (grant code 50EE0944). Data retrieval and operation of the CHAMP satellite by the German Space Operations Centre (GSOC) is acknowledged. The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support from the Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES, DARA and the Thomas B. Thriges Foundation. The SAC-C mission was supported by CONAE together with NASA and DMI/DTU Space. The institutes that support magnetic observatories together with INTERMAGNET are thanked for promoting high standards of observatory practice. This is IPGP contribution no. 300(1). W.K., A.T. and Z.W. were funded by NASA and the NSF. The IGRF-11 task force finally wishes to express their gratitude to C. Manoj for maintaining the IGRF web pages at NGDC. NR 26 TC 491 Z9 512 U1 9 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 183 IS 3 BP 1216 EP 1230 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04804.x PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680YZ UT WOS:000284274700010 ER PT J AU Simao, N Escartin, J Goslin, J Haxel, J Cannat, M Dziak, R AF Simao, N. Escartin, J. Goslin, J. Haxel, J. Cannat, M. Dziak, R. TI Regional seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: observations from autonomous hydrophone arrays SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time series analysis; Spatial analysis; Seismicity and tectonics; Rheology and friction of fault zones; Mid-ocean ridge processes; Atlantic Ocean ID LINK CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; AZORES HOT-SPOT; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; EARTHQUAKE CATALOGS; HYDROTHERMAL FIELD; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES; DETACHMENT FAULTS; REYKJANES RIDGE; OMORI FORMULA AB Autonomous hydrophones arrays are an excellent tool for monitoring mid-ocean ridge seismic activity. The major advantage of using arrays of autonomous hydrophones for recording deep-ocean ridge earthquakes is its low magnitude detection thresholds achievable using hydroacoustic techniques. Regional analysis of the detection thresholds of the different autonomous hydrophones arrays deployed along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reveals the strong influence of the detection threshold in the number of recorded events and it must be taken into account in any further analysis. In this study, the analysis of both autonomous hydrophones and teleseismically detected Mid-Atlantic Ridge seismicity reveals that the background seismicity from the relatively short recording periods of the autonomous hydrophones mimic the results of the much longer teleseismic recording. It also reveals that seismicity generally cluster at both the segment scale and on Mantle Bouguer Anomaly maxima. The big majority of these clusters seem to be related to dyke intrusions and propagation along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These dyke intrusions interact with the mainshock-aftershock sequences. The seismic sequences mainshock-aftershock analysis reveals that the strength of the faults is highly influenced by the mode, or style, of faulting. Detachment faults, which are ubiquitous along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, can produce more prolific shorter duration seismic sequences revealing faster and reduced strain releases in comparison to higher angle normal faults. This reduced strain release is most likely to occur due to the presence of higher levels of serpentinization on detachment faults. Higher levels of serpentenisation can also promote an aseismic transient slip on the mainshock-aftershock sequences. C1 [Simao, N.; Goslin, J.] Univ Brest, Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Brest, France. [Simao, N.; Goslin, J.] Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, Domaines Ocean UMR6538, Plouzane, France. [Escartin, J.; Cannat, M.] Inst Phys Globe, CNRS, Geosci Marines UMR7154, Paris, France. [Haxel, J.; Dziak, R.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, PMEL NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Simao, N (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Geol UMR8538, Paris, France. EM simao@geologie.ens.fr RI ESCARTIN, Javier/A-1043-2010; Cannat, Mathilde/F-9304-2010; IPGP, Geosciences Marines/F-8780-2010; ipgp, Laboratoire geoscien/F-8471-2010 OI ESCARTIN, Javier/0000-0002-3416-6856; FU Laboratoire de Geologie de L'Ecole Normale Superieure FX This work was made possible by the EU FP6 Marie Curie RTN MoMARnet, Universite de Brest - Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer, CNRS/INSU, Oregon State University, NOAA/PMEL and the country of Portugal. This paper is IPGP contribution number 3080 and PMEL contribution number 3618. The AuH operations were carried out by Cedric Brachet, Matt Fowler and Joe Haxel. A special word to Haruyoshi Matsumoto, designer of the AuH and Tai-Kwan Lau, programmer of the T-phase analysis software. Crews and captains of several research vessels from France, Portugal, United Kingdom and USA helped us to make this project a success. Moreover, this manuscript profited greatly from discussions with Carole Cordier, Del-Wayne Bohnenstiehl, Nicolas Chamot-Rooke, Joaquim Luis, Marcia Maia, Jean-Yves Royer and Deborah Smith. We thank one anonymous reviewer and Maya Tolstoy, who helped us improve this manuscript. The Generic Mapping Tools was heavily used in the making of the Figs for this paper. Last but not least I would like to thank the Laboratoire de Geologie de L'Ecole Normale Superieure for its support on the preparation of this manuscript. NR 92 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 183 IS 3 BP 1559 EP 1578 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04815.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 680YZ UT WOS:000284274700035 ER PT J AU Vance, TC Doel, RE AF Vance, Tiffany C. Doel, Ronald E. TI Graphical Methods and Cold War Scientific Practice: The Stommel Diagram's Intriguing Journey from the Physical to the Biological Environmental Sciences SO HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE scientific diagrams; scientific techniques; knowledge transmission; multidimensional; Henry Stommel; Loren Haury; physical oceanography; marine ecology ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; ECOLOGY; SCALE; OCEANOGRAPHY; FOUNDATION; HISTORY; PATTERN; DEBATE AB In the last quarter of the twentieth century, an innovative three-dimensional graphical technique was introduced into biological oceanography and ecology, where it spread rapidly. Used to improve scientists' understanding of the importance of scale within oceanic ecosystems, this influential diagram addressed biological scales from phytoplankton to fish, physical scales from diurnal tides to ocean currents, and temporal scales from hours to ice ages. Yet the Stommel Diagram (named for physical oceanographer Henry Stommel, who created it in 1963) had not been devised to aid ecological investigations. Rather, Stommel intended it to help plan large-scale research programs in physical oceanography, particularly as Cold War research funding enabled a dramatic expansion of physical oceanography in the 1960s. Marine ecologists utilized the Stommel Diagram to enhance research on biological production in ocean environments, a key concern by the 1970s amid growing alarm about overfishing and ocean pollution. Before the end of the twentieth century, the diagram had become a significant tool within the discipline of ecology. Tracing the path that Stommel's graphical techniques traveled from the physical to the biological environmental sciences reveals a great deal about practices in these distinct research communities and their relative professional and institutional standings in the Cold War era. Crucial to appreciating the course of that path is an understanding of the divergent intellectual and social contexts of the physical versus the biological environmental sciences. C1 [Vance, Tiffany C.] NOAA, NMFS, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Vance, Tiffany C.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geog, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Doel, Ronald E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Hist, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Vance, TC (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, AFSC, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tiffany.c.vance@noaa.gov; rdoel@fsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [0333257, 0922651]; NOAA/NMFS/AFSC Recruitment Processes Program; Tanner Humanities Center (University of Utah); European Science Foundation's EUROCORES Programme; Department of History at Florida State University FX The authors thank the editors and staff of HSNS, particularly David Kaiser and Diana Wear, for assistance in preparing the final manuscript, and equally the comments of Edward Jones-Imhotep, and an anonymous reviewer. Vance gratefully acknowledges valuable conversations about Henry Stommel and the Stommel Diagram with Eric Mills, John McGowan, David Schneider, Peter Wiebe, Carl Wunsch, Dennis Moore, Bruce Warren, Andrew Vastano, and John Dunlap. Deborah Day of SIO Archives, and Marissa Hudspeth, Lisa Raymond, and Rosemary Davis of the Data Library and WHOI Archives, assisted greatly with archival research. Nazila Merati and Jeffrey Napp provided editorial wisdom, constructive criticisms, and pointed out needed clarifications. Part of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation via an IGERT graduate fellowship in Ecosystem Informatics (NSF award 0333257) at Oregon State University and also by the NOAA/NMFS/AFSC Recruitment Processes Program. Doel is grateful for constructive criticism from Kristine C. Harper. Doel's participation in this work was supported by a Tanner Humanities Center (University of Utah) resident fellowship, the European Science Foundation's EUROCORES Programme "BOREAS: Histories from the North-environments, movements, narratives," the National Science Foundation [award 0922651], and the Department of History at Florida State University. NR 122 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 1939-1811 J9 HIST STUD NAT SCI JI Hist. Stud. Nat. Sci. PD WIN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 47 DI 10.1525/hsns.2010.40.1.1 PG 47 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 547WE UT WOS:000273919600001 PM 20514742 ER PT J AU Lao, O Vallone, PM Coble, MD Diegoli, TM van Oven, M van der Gaag, KJ Pijpe, J de Knijff, P Kayser, M AF Lao, Oscar Vallone, Peter M. Coble, Michael D. Diegoli, Toni M. van Oven, Mannis van der Gaag, Kristiaan J. Pijpe, Jeroen de Knijff, Peter Kayser, Manfred TI Evaluating Self-declared Ancestry of US Americans With Autosomal, Y-chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE US Americans; genetic ancestry; self-declared ancestry; ASM; AIM; Y-chromosome; NRY; mtDNA ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; MTDNA DATA SET; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ADMIXTURE PROPORTIONS; SKIN PIGMENTATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ANCESTRY; UNITED-STATES; POLYMORPHISMS AB The current U.S. population represents an amalgam of individuals originating mainly from four continental regions (Africa, Europe, Asia and America). To study the genetic ancestry and compare with self-declared ancestry we have analyzed paternally, maternally and bi-parentally inherited DNA markers sensitive for indicating continental genetic ancestry in all four major U.S. American groups. We found that self-declared U.S. Hispanics and U.S. African Americans tend to show variable degrees of continental genetic admixture among the three genetic systems, with evidence for a marked sex-biased admixture history. Moreover, for these two groups we observed significant regional variation across the country in genetic admixture. In contrast, self-declared U.S. European and U.S. Asian Americans were genetically more homogeneous at the continental ancestry level. Two autosomal ancestry-sensitive markers located in skin pigmentation candidate genes showed significant differences in self-declared U.S. African Americans or U.S. European Americans, relative to their assumed parental populations from Africa or Europe. This provides genetic support for the importance of skin color in the complex process of ancestry identification. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Lao, Oscar; van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coble, Michael D.; Diegoli, Toni M.] Res Sect, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. [van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Pijpe, Jeroen; de Knijff, Peter] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Human & Clin Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Kayser, M (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands. EM m.kayser@erasmusmc.nl OI Lao, Oscar/0000-0002-8525-9649; van Oven, Mannis/0000-0003-0026-7998 FU Netherlands Forensic Institute; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) / Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN) FX Contract grant sponsor: Netherlands Forensic Institute; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) / Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN). NR 73 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 31 IS 12 BP E1875 EP E1893 DI 10.1002/humu.21366 PG 19 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 693VG UT WOS:000285252900001 PM 20886636 ER PT J AU Wiley, MJ Hyndman, DW Pijanowski, BC Kendall, AD Riseng, C Rutherford, ES Cheng, ST Carlson, ML Tyler, JA Stevenson, RJ Steen, PJ Richards, PL Seelbach, PW Koches, JM Rediske, RR AF Wiley, M. J. Hyndman, D. W. Pijanowski, B. C. Kendall, A. D. Riseng, C. Rutherford, E. S. Cheng, S. T. Carlson, M. L. Tyler, J. A. Stevenson, R. J. Steen, P. J. Richards, P. L. Seelbach, P. W. Koches, J. M. Rediske, R. R. TI A multi-modeling approach to evaluating climate and land use change impacts in a Great Lakes River Basin SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Land use; Land cover; Rivers; Modeling; Fisheries; Salmon; Trout ID MICHIGANS LOWER PENINSULA; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; MANAGEMENT; STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATIONS; SCENARIOS; ENSEMBLE AB River ecosystems are driven by linked physical, chemical, and biological subsystems, which operate over different temporal and spatial domains. This complexity increases uncertainty in ecological forecasts, and impedes preparation for the ecological consequences of climate change. We describe a recently developed "multi-modeling" system for ecological forecasting in a 7600 km(2) watershed in the North American Great Lakes Basin. Using a series of linked land cover, climate, hydrologic, hydraulic, thermal, loading, and biological response models, we examined how changes in both land cover and climate may interact to shape the habitat suitability of river segments for common sport fishes and alter patterns of biological integrity. In scenario-based modeling, both climate and land use change altered multiple ecosystem properties. Because water temperature has a controlling influence on species distributions, sport fishes were overall more sensitive to climate change than to land cover change. However, community-based biological integrity metrics were more sensitive to land use change than climate change; as were nutrient export rates. We discuss the implications of this result for regional preparations for climate change adaptation, and the extent to which the result may be constrained by our modeling methodology. C1 [Wiley, M. J.; Riseng, C.; Cheng, S. T.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hyndman, D. W.; Kendall, A. D.; Stevenson, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Pijanowski, B. C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rutherford, E. S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Carlson, M. L.; Seelbach, P. W.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Steen, P. J.] Huron River Watershed Council, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Tyler, J. A.] Fisheries Project Ltd, Farmington, CT USA. [Richards, P. L.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. [Koches, J. M.; Rediske, R. R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Ctr, Muskegon, MI USA. RP Wiley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mjwiley@umich.edu RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010; Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012; OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2001.71]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0233648]; USEPA [G2M104070] FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2001.71), the National Science Foundation (EAR-0233648), and the USEPA STAR Program (G2M104070). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our granting agencies. Our sincere thanks to all of the many folks who contributed work in the field, on the computer, and in meetings; especially: Gary Noble (Muskegon Watershed Assembly), Richard O'Neal (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Julie Metty (Great Lakes Fishery Trust), Jack Bails (Great Lakes Fishery Trust), Matt Ladewig, Jonah Duckles, Deepak Ray, Shaw Lacy, Solomon David, Yu-Chun Koa, Lori Ivan, Beth Sparks-Jackson, Kyung Seo Park, and Kurt Thompson. NR 72 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 657 IS 1 BP 243 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0239-2 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 656IP UT WOS:000282323300017 ER PT J AU Murawski, SA AF Murawski, Steven A. TI Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fishery depletion; fishery rebuilding plans; overfishing definitions; recovery plans; stock recovery; sustainable fisheries ID MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS STOCK; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; REFERENCE POINTS; BLUEFIN TUNA; ATLANTIC COD; FISHERIES; RECOVERY; COLLAPSE AB Recovery of depleted fish populations has become an important theme in national and international negotiations and commitments regarding sustainability. Although up to 63% of fish stocks worldwide may be in need of rebuilding, only 1% are currently classified as "rebuilding", and fewer yet have been "rebuilt". Recent history in stock recovery provides a rich source of examples of rebuilding plans across a spectrum of execution ("good", "bad", "ugly", and "in progress"). Of 24 depleted stocks with formal plans that successfully reduced the fishing mortality, all but one exhibited signs of recovery. The median instantaneous annual rate of biomass recovery (0.16) was similar to the rate of depletion (-0.14) experienced, but stocks with more vulnerable life histories recovered substantially slower than they had been depleted. Most successful rebuilding programmes have incorporated substantial, measurable reductions in fishing mortality at the onset, rather than relying on incremental small reductions over time. A particularly vexing issue is the differential pace of recovery among relatively productive and unproductive components of mixed-species fisheries. Rebuilding the majority of stocks classified worldwide as "overfished" will take a more effective, consistent, and politically supported stock-recovery paradigm, if society is eventually to meet its articulated sustainability goals for global fisheries. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Murawski, SA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3-14659, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM steve.murawski@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 9 U2 85 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1830 EP 1840 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq125 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682UX UT WOS:000284429600002 ER PT J AU Petitgas, P Secor, DH McQuinn, I Huse, G Lo, N AF Petitgas, Pierre Secor, Dave H. McQuinn, Ian Huse, Geir Lo, Nancy TI Stock collapses and their recovery: mechanisms that establish and maintain life-cycle closure in space and time SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE behaviour; collapse; life-cycle diversity; recovery ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; BAY STRIPED BASS; NORTHERN COD; GEORGES BANK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES; ATLANTIC; MIGRATION; POPULATIONS AB Experience has established that the recovery of many collapsed stocks takes much longer than predicted by traditional fishery population models. We put forward the hypothesis that stock collapse is associated with disruption of the biological mechanisms that sustain life-cycle closure of intrapopulation contingents. Based on a review of case studies of nine marine fish stocks, we argue that stock collapses not only involve biomass loss, but also the loss of structural elements related to life-cycle diversity (contingents), as well as the breakdown of socially transmitted traditions (through a curtailed age range). Behavioural mechanisms associated with these structural elements could facilitate recovery of depleted populations. Migratory behaviour is argued to relate to phenotypic plasticity and the persistence of migration routes to social interactions. The case studies represent collapsed or depleted populations that recovered after a relatively short period (striped bass, capelin), after more than a decade (herring and sardine), or not at all (anchovy, cod). Contrasting the population dynamics from these stocks leads us to make a distinction between a depleted and a collapsed population, where, in addition to biomass depletion, the latter includes damage to contingent structure or space-use pattern. We also propose a mechanism to explain how lost habitats are recolonized. C1 [Petitgas, Pierre] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. [Secor, Dave H.] UMCES, CBL, Solomons Isl, MD 20688 USA. [McQuinn, Ian] IML, DFO, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Huse, Geir] IMR, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Lo, Nancy] NOAA, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Petitgas, P (reprint author), IFREMER, Rue Ille dYeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. EM pierre.petitgas@ifremer.fr RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012 OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827 FU EU [FP6-02 717]; IFREMER; UMCES-CBL FX The study was partly supported by the EU project UNCOVER contract FP6-02 717 and a collaboration between IFREMER and UMCES-CBL. The ideas partly originated from the ICES Study Group on Regional Scale Ecology of Small Pelagics (2006) and the ICES Workshop on Testing the Entrainment Hypothesis (2007). C. Hammer and N. Daan are thanked for their comments, which improved the manuscript. NR 65 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1841 EP 1848 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq082 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682UX UT WOS:000284429600003 ER PT J AU DiCosimo, J Methot, RD Ormseth, OA AF DiCosimo, Jane Methot, Richard D. Ormseth, Olav A. TI Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acceptable biological catch; accountability measures; annual catch limits; depletion; fisheries management; overfishing level; total allowable catch ID FISHERIES AB In total, 41 fish stocks in US ocean waters continue to be fished at unsustainable levels, and 46 fish stocks are overfished. In 2006, the US Congress required the implementation of annual catch limits (ACLs) and accountability measures by 2010 to prevent overfishing, and by 2011 to recover overfished stocks. These requirements were modelled on the existing management system for Northeast Pacific groundfish, where more than 20 fish stocks and assemblages have been managed sustainably for 30 years. Science-based overfishing levels and acceptable biological catches (ABCs) have been implemented for each stock or assemblage, with buffers between the two to avoid overfishing. Total allowable catches are set at or below the acceptable biological catch. Suballocations of quotas by season, area, and gear type, along with in-season fishery closures based on extensive observer coverage and vessel monitoring, ensure that quotas are not exceeded. To comply with ACL requirements, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council has defined ABC as an ACL. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ACLs for successful management of Northeast Pacific groundfish, suggesting that their use in other US fisheries might reduce the risk of overfishing and enhance the recovery of overfished stocks. C1 [DiCosimo, Jane] N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Methot, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ormseth, Olav A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP DiCosimo, J (reprint author), N Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave,Suite 306, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM jane.dicosimo@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 1861 EP 1865 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq060 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682UX UT WOS:000284429600006 ER PT J AU Siddeek, MSM Zheng, J Morado, JF Kruse, GH Bechtol, WR AF Siddeek, M. Shareef M. Zheng, Jie Morado, Joseph F. Kruse, Gordon H. Bechtol, William R. TI Effect of bitter crab disease on rebuilding in Alaska Tanner crab stocks SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age-sex-size-structured simulations; bitter crab disease; eastern Bering Sea; rebuilding; Tanner crab ID CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; BERING-SEA; C-OPILIO; RECRUITMENT; STRATEGIES; PARAMETERS AB Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi stocks were declared overfished in 1996 and were closed to commercial fishing between 1997 and 2004. Subsequent management was based on a rebuilding plan using criteria from the previous US federal fisheries management plan (FMP). Under the revised 2008 FMP, reference points changed for mature biomass ( male only vs. total), as well as catch levels ( total vs. retained), resulting in different rebuilding criteria. We performed a rebuilding analysis using age- ,sex-, and size-structured simulations incorporating recent changes in overfishing definitions. Specifically, we compared the potential effect of additional mortality that bitter crab disease could have on rebuilding performance of lightly infected EBS and heavily infected southeast Alaska Tanner crab stocks. The results suggest that under the assumed recruitment scenario, the new control rules are adequate to rebuild the depleted lightly infected EBS stock, but not the heavily infected southeast Alaska stock. C1 [Siddeek, M. Shareef M.; Zheng, Jie] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Morado, Joseph F.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kruse, Gordon H.; Bechtol, William R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Siddeek, MSM (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, POB 115526, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. EM shareef.siddeek@alaska.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 9 BP 2027 EP 2032 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq061 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 682UX UT WOS:000284429600026 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Reddy, U Dias, NL Bassett, KP Li, X Coleman, JJ AF Verma, V. B. Reddy, U. Dias, N. L. Bassett, K. P. Li, X. Coleman, J. J. TI Patterned Quantum Dot Molecule Laser Fabricated by Electron Beam Lithography and Wet Chemical Etching SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Coupled quantum dots; quantum dot laser; quantum dot molecule; quantum dots ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; INAS ISLANDS; MU-M; DEPOSITION; GAAS; SINGLE; GROWTH; WELL; OPERATION; WIRES AB We report on the fabrication and characterization of an edge-emitting semiconductor laser with a gain medium consisting of two layers of patterned, self-aligned, vertically coupled quantum dots (QDs) using a wet-etching and regrowth technique. A threshold current density of 300 A/cm(2) is demonstrated at 77 K. The presence of emission from QD excited states in both the spontaneous emission and laser spectra indicates 3-D quantum confinement in QDs fabricated using this technique. C1 [Verma, V. B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reddy, U.; Dias, N. L.; Bassett, K. P.; Li, X.; Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@illinois.edu; cvreddy@illinois.edu; ndiasan2@illinois.edu; kpbasset@illinois.edu; xi-uling@illinois.edu; jcoleman@illinois.edu RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; Li, Xiuling/A-2240-2010 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [433 143-874a]; National Science Foundation [08-21 979] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, under Grant No. 433 143-874a and in part by the National Science Foundation, under Grant No. 08-21 979. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor A. C. Bryce. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1827 EP 1833 DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2047246 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 681XZ UT WOS:000284359100002 ER PT J AU Xu, XL Liang, D Tsang, L Andreadis, KM Josberger, EG Lettenmaier, DP Cline, DW Yueh, SH AF Xu, Xiaolan Liang, Ding Tsang, Leung Andreadis, Konstantinos M. Josberger, Edward G. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Cline, Donald W. Yueh, Simon H. TI Active Remote Sensing of Snow Using NMM3D/DMRT and Comparison With CLPX II Airborne Data SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE CLPX; dense media radiative transfer; numerical Maxwell model; QCA; snow; VIC ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; SIMULATIONS; EXTINCTION; SCATTERING; MODEL AB We applied the Numerical Maxwell Model of three-dimensional simulations (NMM3D) in the Dense Media Radiative Theory (DMRT) to calculate backscattering coefficients. The particles' positions are computer-generated and the subsequent Foldy-Lax equations solved numerically. The phase matrix in NMM3D has significant cross-polarization, particularly when the particles are densely packed. The NMM3D model is combined with DMRT in calculating the microwave scattering by dry snow. The NMM3D/DMRT equations are solved by an iterative solution up to the second order in the case of small to moderate optical thickness. The numerical results of NMM3D/DMRT are illustrated and compared with QCA/DMRT. The QCA/DMRT and NMM3D/DMRT results are also applied to compare with data from two specific datasets from the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX II) in Alaska and Colorado. The data are obtained at the Ku-band (13.95 GHz) observations using airborne imaging polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT). It is shown that the model predictions agree with the field measurements for both co-polarization and cross-polarization. For the Alaska region, the average snow depth and snow density are used as the inputs for DMRT. The grain size, selected from within the range of the ground measurements, is used as a best-fit parameter within the range. For the Colorado region, we use the Variable Infiltration Capacity Model (VIC) to obtain the input snow profiles for NMM3D/DMRT. C1 [Xu, Xiaolan; Liang, Ding; Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Andreadis, Konstantinos M.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA. [Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Xu, XL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xlxu@uw.edu RI Liang, Ding/F-7460-2012; Liang, Ding/K-6959-2012; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 689 EP 697 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2053919 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 695GA UT WOS:000285357400012 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Orloff, ND Mateu, J Janezic, M Rinehart, M Beall, JA AF Booth, James C. Orloff, Nathan D. Mateu, Jordi Janezic, Michael Rinehart, Matthew Beall, James A. TI Quantitative Permittivity Measurements of Nanoliter Liquid Volumes in Microfluidic Channels to 40 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Coplanar waveguides (CPWs); microelectrodes; microfluidics; microwave integrated circuits; microwave spectroscopy; permittivity measurement ID BROAD-BAND PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; WAVE-GUIDE; COMPLEX; DIELECTROPHORESIS; ABSORPTION; BIOSENSOR; SYSTEM; FLUIDS AB We describe the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a new on-wafer measurement platform for the rapid and quantitative determination of the complex permittivity of nanoliter fluid volumes over the continuous frequency range from 45 MHz to 40 GHz. Our measurement platform integrates micrometer-scale poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic channels with high-frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines to accurately place small fluid volumes at well-defined locations within planar measurement structures. We applied new on-wafer calibration techniques to accurately determine the scattering parameters of our integrated devices, and we developed a transmission-line model to extract the distributed circuit parameters of the fluid-loaded transmission line segment from the response of the overall test structure. All the necessary model parameters were experimentally determined directly from a single set of measurements without requiring a reference fluid of known permittivity. We extracted the complex permittivity of the fluid under test from the distributed capacitance and conductance per unit length of the fluid-loaded transmission line segment using finite-element analysis of the transmission line cross section. Our measurements show excellent agreement with bulk fluid permittivity determinations for methanol at room temperature and yield consistent results for the extracted fluid permittivity for the same microfluidic channel embedded in multiple CPW transmission lines of different dimensions. C1 [Booth, James C.; Orloff, Nathan D.; Janezic, Michael; Beall, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mateu, Jordi] CTTC, Barcelona 08860, Spain. [Mateu, Jordi] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rinehart, Matthew] Duke Univ, Biomed Interferometry & Opt Spect BIOS Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov OI Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699; Mateu, Jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [RYC-2005-01125] FX The authors would like to thank D. LeGolvan for help with measurements and A. Lewandowski for assistance with the analysis. J. Mateu would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education through Contract RYC-2005-01125. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 59 IS 12 BP 3279 EP 3288 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2047141 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 678LN UT WOS:000284076000025 ER PT J AU Persily, A Musser, A Emmerich, SJ AF Persily, A. Musser, A. Emmerich, S. J. TI Modeled infiltration rate distributions for U.S. housing SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Distributions; Frequency; Housing; Residential; Ventilation ID AIR EXCHANGE-RATES; VENTILATION; ERRORS AB P>A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80% of U.S. housing stock is used to generate frequency distributions of residential infiltration rates. The set of homes is based on an analysis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energy's Residential Energy Consumption Survey, which documents numerous housing characteristics including type, floor area, number of rooms, type of heating system, foundation type, and year of construction. The infiltration rate distributions are developed using the multizone network airflow model, CONTAM (CONTAMW 2.4 User Guide and Program Documentation, NISTIR 7251. National Institute of Standards and Technology.). In this work, 19 cities are selected to represent U.S. climatic conditions, and CONTAM simulations are performed for each of the 209 houses in these cities to calculate building air change rates for each hour over a year. Frequency distributions are then developed and presented nationally as well as based on house type and region. Practical Implications These distributions will support indoor air quality, exposure, and energy analyses based on a truly representative collection of U.S. homes, which has previously not been possible. In addition, the methodology employed can be extended to other countries and other collections of buildings. For U.S.-specific analyses, these homes and their models, can be extended to include occupants, contaminant sources, and other building features to allow a wide range of studies to address other ventilation and indoor air quality issues. C1 [Persily, A.; Emmerich, S. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Musser, A.] Vandemusser Design LLC, Asheville, NC USA. RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS8633,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andyp@nist.gov RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD DEC PY 2010 VL 20 IS 6 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00669.x PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 679OY UT WOS:000284171900004 PM 21070374 ER PT J AU Costa, DP Huckstadt, LA Crocker, DE McDonald, BI Goebel, ME Fedak, MA AF Costa, Daniel P. Huckstadt, Luis A. Crocker, Daniel E. McDonald, Birgitte I. Goebel, Michael E. Fedak, Michael A. TI Approaches to Studying Climatic Change and its Role on the Habitat Selection of Antarctic Pinnipeds SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 03-07, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; PENINSULA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; KING-GEORGE ISLAND; FUR SEALS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; MARGUERITE BAY; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; KERGUELEN ISLANDS AB Top predators integrate resources over time and space, and depending on the particular species they represent, different components of the marine environment. The habitat utilization of top predators has been studied using electronic tags to follow their movements and foraging behavior. In addition, these tags provide information on the physical characteristics of the water column (temperature and salinity) at a scale and resolution that is coincident with the animals' behavior. In addition to data on the animals' behavior, these tags provide physical oceanographic data in regions or at times they cannot be collected using other currently available technologies. These data inform us on how these important top predators are likely to respond to climatic change, as well as about how the Southern Ocean is changing. C1 [Costa, Daniel P.; Huckstadt, Luis A.; McDonald, Birgitte I.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA NMFS, Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fedak, Michael A.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. RP Costa, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM costa@biology.ucsc.edu RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010; Fedak, Michael/B-3987-2009 OI Fedak, Michael/0000-0002-9569-1128 NR 89 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1030 DI 10.1093/icb/icq054 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 682VF UT WOS:000284430400010 PM 21558256 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, C Ouarda, TBMJ Seidou, O AF Beaulieu, Claudie Ouarda, Taha B. M. J. Seidou, Ousmane TI A Bayesian normal homogeneity test for the detection of artificial discontinuities in climatic series SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE homogenisation; climatic series; Bayesian technique; changepoint; exponential family; normal distribution; metadata ID MAXIMAL T-TEST; TEMPERATURE SERIES; CHANGE-POINT; CHANGEPOINT DETECTION; PRECIPITATION SERIES; RANDOM-VARIABLES; LINEAR-MODEL; UNKNOWN TIME; SEQUENCE; SHIFTS AB A Bayesian Normal Homogeneity Test (BNHT) for the detection of artificial discontinuities in climatic series is presented. The test is simple to use and allows the integration of prior knowledge on the date of change from various sources of information (e. g. metadata or expert belief) in the analysis. The performance of the new test was evaluated on synthetic series with similar statistical properties as observed total annual precipitation in the southern and central parts of the province of Quebec, Canada. Different priors were used to investigate the sensitivity of the test to the choice of priors. It was found that (1) high-prior probability of no change yields low false detection rates on the homogeneous series; (2) the test has a very high power of detection on series with a single shift (the best power of detection if compared with previous methods applied to the same synthetic series); (3) shifts having a small magnitude are detectable with a low prior probability of no change and (4) when applied to series with multiple shifts with a segmentation procedure and a high probability of no change, the test proved to be performing well in detecting multiple shifts (as performing as the best techniques previously applied to the same synthetic series). An example of application to total annual precipitation in Quebec City, Canada is also presented to illustrate (1) a case for which the results are not affected by the choice of the prior parameters and (2) a case for which information about potential changes found in the metadata was integrated in the analysis and allowed the detection of a change that would not have been detected with a non-informative prior. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Beaulieu, Claudie] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ouarda, Taha B. M. J.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Seidou, Ousmane] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. RP Beaulieu, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM beaulieu@princeton.edu RI Seidou, Ousmane/N-6280-2015 OI Seidou, Ousmane/0000-0003-1706-0176 FU Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT); National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Research Chair Program FX The authors wish to thank the Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT), the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Research Chair Program for funding this research. The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer, the editor and I. B. MacNeill for their precious comments. The authors would also like to thank L. A. Vincent of the Meteorological Service of Canada for providing the metadata. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 15 BP 2342 EP 2357 DI 10.1002/joc.2056 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694OI UT WOS:000285307100009 ER PT J AU Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS Baltic, E Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Bowman, RC AF Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. Baltic, E. Udovic, T. J. Rush, J. J. Bowman, R. C., Jr. TI Neutron imaging studies of metal-hydride storage beds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Neutron; Radiography; Storage; Tomography ID PRODUCE 20 K; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ALLOYS; RADIOGRAPHY AB Neutron radiography and tomography were used to study the transient and steady state distributions respectively of hydrogen within a prototypical LaNi4 78Sn0 22 based hydrogen storage bed during and after various absorption and desorption steps It was shown that using deuterium instead of hydrogen enabled the imaging of thicker beds These measurements serve to demonstrate the unique utility of neutron imaging as an important diagnostic tool for in situ, real time characterization of hydrogen concentration profiles in practical hydrogen storage systems Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T Nejat Veziroglu C1 [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.; Baltic, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. [Udovic, T. J.; Rush, J. J.; Bowman, R. C., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. [Rush, J. J.; Bowman, R. C., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jacobson, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA. OI Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713 FU U S Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division the Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE AI-01 01EE50660, DE AI 01 05EE11104] FX The authors wish to thank D P Pearson, P R Wilson J W Reiter and M M King from JPL for their assistance in making available the Planck cryocooler hydride sorbent beds for the neutron imaging experiments at NIST This work was supported by the U S Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency agreement Nos DE AI-01 01EE50660 and DE AI 01 05EE11104 NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD DEC PY 2010 VL 35 IS 23 SI SI BP 12837 EP 12845 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.143 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 687AE UT WOS:000284743900016 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Johnson, DS Hanks, EM Lowry, JH AF Hooten, Mevin B. Johnson, Devin S. Hanks, Ephraim M. Lowry, John H. TI Agent-Based Inference for Animal Movement and Selection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Agent-based model; Change of support; Continuous model; Hierarchical; Bayesian model; Individual-based model ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; HABITAT SELECTION; MULE DEER; MODELS; TELEMETRY; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS AB Contemporary ecologists often find themselves with an overwhelming amount of data to analyze. For example, it is now possible to collect nearly continuous spatiotemporal data on animal locations via global positioning systems and other satellite telemetry technology. In addition, there is a wealth of readily available environmental data via geographic information systems and remote sensing. We present a modeling framework that utilizes these forms of data and builds on previous research pertaining to the quantitative analysis of animal movement. This approach provides additional insight into the environmental drivers of residence and movement as well as resource selection while accommodating path uncertainty. The methods are demonstrated in an application involving mule deer movement in the La Sal Range, Utah, USA. Supplemental materials for this article are available online. C1 [Hooten, Mevin B.; Hanks, Ephraim M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, NMML, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lowry, John H.] Utah State Univ, RS GIS Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mevin.hooten@usu.edu; devin.johnson@noaa.gov; ephraim.hanks@aggiemail.usu.edu; john.lowry@usu.edu FU USGS [1434-06HQRU1555]; NOAA [AB133F-09-SE-4640] FX This research was funded by USGS 1434-06HQRU1555 and NOAA AB133F-09-SE-4640. The authors would also like to thank Mary Conner, Leslie McFarlane, and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources for providing data and many helpful suggestions. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1085-7117 EI 1537-2693 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 4 BP 523 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s13253-010-0038-2 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 688MD UT WOS:000284852500007 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Analysis of the Beaucage model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle scattering; Beaucage model; Guinier-Porod model ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MICROEMULSIONS AB The Beaucage model is used to analyze small-angle scattering (SAS) data from fractal and particulate systems. It models the Guinier and Porod regions with a smooth transition between them and yields a radius of gyration and a Porod exponent. This model is an approximate form of an earlier polymer fractal model that has been generalized to cover a wider scope. The practice of allowing both the Guinier and the Porod scale factors to vary independently during nonlinear least-squares fits introduces undesired artefacts in the fitting of SAS data to this model. Such artefacts as well as an error in the original formulation of the model are discussed. This model is compared with other published models. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The identification of commercial products or search engines does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based on activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Discussions with David Mildner are valued. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 43 BP 1474 EP 1478 DI 10.1107/S0021889810033856 PN 6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 684LH UT WOS:000284550900024 ER PT J AU Testa, JW Adams, GP Bergfelt, DR Johnson, DS Ream, RR Gelatt, TS AF Testa, J. Ward Adams, Gregg P. Bergfelt, Don R. Johnson, Devin S. Ream, Rolf R. Gelatt, Thomas S. TI Replicating necropsy data without lethal collections: using ultrasonography to understand the decline in northern fur seals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Callorhinus ursinus; embryonic diapause; fecundity; Pribilof Islands; St. Paul Island ID MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GREY SEALS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; PUP PRODUCTION; BODY CONDITION; PREGNANCY; ULTRASOUND AB 1. Many valuable contributions to the biology and conservation of harvested or previously harvested species have come from examination of specimens obtained by lethal collections. The northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, has a long history of exploitation, including a large (> 320 000) experimental harvest of females from 1955 to 1968 when the population was at a peak (similar to 2 million seals). The decline caused by this harvest was followed in 1977 by another major decline, apparently unrelated to harvest, that has recently accelerated. 2. To obtain current reproductive data that could be compared directly with historic estimates, we used imaging ultrasonography to estimate pregnancy rate in 171 adult fur seals captured on St. Paul Island, Alaska, in November, near the end of embryonic diapause. A modified logistic regression of pregnancy by date was used to estimate asymptotic pregnancy rate; a Bayesian hierarchical model based on date and size of embryonic vesicle was also used to account for pregnancies that were not detectable on the date of examination. 3. Pregnancy rate was high [0.85 (SE = 0.05), 0.88 (SE = 0.05) or 0.92 (SE = 0.04), depending on method] and there was little statistical support for the hypothesis that the current pregnancy rate is lower than the pre-decline rate (0.84, SE = 0.012) or contributing significantly to the present decline. 4. Synthesis and applications. Further study on intrauterine losses and pupping rates is necessary and ongoing, but reproductive ultrasonography provided an early comparative assessment important for the conservation management of this fur seal stock. It narrows the search for demographic and ecological causes of the population decline and allows research priorities to evolve in response to the likelihood of those causes. The field and analytic methods described have application to population assessments of other mammalian species, including those considered threatened or serving as ecosystem indicators. C1 [Testa, J. Ward; Johnson, Devin S.; Ream, Rolf R.; Gelatt, Thomas S.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Adams, Gregg P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. [Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Testa, JW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ward.testa@noaa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan FX We wish to thank J. Baker, D. Deghetto, E. C. Goertz, C. Kuhn, E. Kunisch, B. Page, P. Pomeroy, J. Sterling, J. Thomason and M. Williams for their assistance in the field. Support was provided by the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Support for DRB was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. GPA was supported by the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan. We thank J. Baker, LL. Boyd and P. P. Pomeroy and 4 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. Fur seal captures were conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit No. 782-1708-00 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1206 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01888.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677IQ UT WOS:000283983200006 ER PT J AU Guentchev, G Barsugli, JJ Eischeid, J AF Guentchev, Galina Barsugli, Joseph J. Eischeid, Jon TI Homogeneity of Gridded Precipitation Datasets for the Colorado River Basin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SERIES; OSCILLATION; IMPACTS; ADJUSTMENTS AB Inhomogeneity in gridded meteorological data may arise from the inclusion of inhomogeneous station data or from aspects of the gridding procedure itself. However, the homogeneity of gridded datasets is rarely questioned, even though an analysis of trends or variability that uses inhomogeneous data could be misleading or even erroneous. Three gridded precipitation datasets that have been used in studies of the Upper Colorado River basin were tested for homogeneity in this study: that of Maurer et al., that of Beyene and Lettenmaier, and the Parameter Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) dataset of Daly et al. Four absolute homogeneity tests were applied to annual precipitation amounts on a grid cell and on a hydrologic subregion spatial scale for the periods 1950-99 and 1916-2006. The analysis detects breakpoints in 1977 and 1978 at many locations in all three datasets that may be due to an anomalously rapid shift in the Pacific decadal oscillation. One dataset showed breakpoints in the 1940s that might be due to the widespread change in the number of available observing stations used as input for that dataset. The results also indicated that the time series from the three datasets are sufficiently homogeneous for variability analysis during the 1950-99 period when aggregated on a subregional scale. C1 [Guentchev, Galina] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Climate Variabil & Predictabil Project, Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise Fellowship Pr, Boulder, CO USA. [Barsugli, Joseph J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci Western Water Asse, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eischeid, Jon] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Guentchev, G (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL PSD, 1D-513,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM galina.guentchev@noaa.gov RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015 OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396 FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program; NOAA; Bureau of Reclamation; Western Water Assessment; Southern Nevada Water Authority FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, jointly funded by NOAA, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Western Water Assessment, and the Southern Nevada Water Authority. We acknowledge the invaluable advice and expertise of Klaus Wolter, Robin Webb, and Martin Hoer ling, who helped to improve this manuscript. We also extend our gratitude to Dennis Lettenmaier and his group at the University of Washington for making available the Beyene and Lettenmaier dataset for our analyses. Last, we kindly express our gratitude to the editor and to the anonymous reviewers. Their valuable comments and suggestions were greatly appreciated and increased the quality of this paper. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2404 EP 2415 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2484.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702KV UT WOS:000285894500002 ER PT J AU Johnston, C Ufnar, JA Griffith, JF Gooch, JA Stewart, JR AF Johnston, C. Ufnar, J. A. Griffith, J. F. Gooch, J. A. Stewart, J. R. TI A real-time qPCR assay for the detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a potential indicator of sewage pollution SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental/recreational water; indicators; intestinal microbiology; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); water quality ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; FECAL POLLUTION; PCR ASSAY; WATER; AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION AB Aims: To develop a quantitative, real-time PCR assay to detect the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii. Methanobrevibacter smithii is a methanogenic archaea found in the intestinal tract of humans that may be a useful indicator of sewage pollution in water. Methods and Results: Quantification standards were prepared from Meth. smithii genomic DNA dilutions, and a standard curve was used to quantify the target gene and calculate estimated genome equivalency units. A competitive internal positive control was designed and incorporated into the assay to assess inhibition in environmental extracts. Testing the assay against a panel of 23 closely related methanogen species demonstrated specificity of the assay for Meth. smithii. A set of 36 blind water samples was then used as a field test of the assay. The internal control identified varying levels of inhibition in 29 of 36 (81%) samples, and the Meth. smithii target was detected in all water samples with known sewage input. Conclusions: The quantitative PCR assay developed in this study is a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of the Meth. smithii nifH gene that includes an internal control to assess inhibition. Further research is required both to better evaluate host specificity of this assay and the correlation with human health risks. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research is the first description of the development of a rapid and sensitive quantitative assay for a methanogenic archaeal indicator of sewage pollution. C1 [Johnston, C.; Gooch, J. A.; Stewart, J. R.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Johnston, C.; Gooch, J. A.; Stewart, J. R.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Johnston, C.] Jardon & Howard Technol Inc, Orlando, FL USA. [Ufnar, J. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Sci Outreach, Nashville, TN USA. [Griffith, J. F.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA. [Stewart, J. R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Johnston, C (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM chris.x.johnston@noaa.gov RI Griffith, John/B-6110-2011; Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012 OI Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519; FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative FX This work was funded in part by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion that would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1946 EP 1956 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04824.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 679OI UT WOS:000284170300011 PM 21070516 ER PT J AU Anderson, ET Stoskopf, MK Morris, JA Clarke, EO Harms, CA AF Anderson, E. T. Stoskopf, M. K. Morris, J. A., Jr. Clarke, E. O. Harms, C. A. TI Hematology, Plasma Biochemistry, and Tissue Enzyme Activities of Invasive Red Lionfish Captured off North Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY REFERENCE INTERVALS; BLOOD CELL COUNTS; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ATLANTIC; VALUES; ENVENOMATION; STURGEON; HYBRID; FISHES AB The red lionfish Pterois volitans is important not only in the aquarium trade but also as an invasive species in the western Atlantic. Introduced to waters off the southeastern coast of the United States, red lionfish have rapidly spread along much of the East Coast and throughout Bermuda, the Bahamas, and much of the Caribbean. Hematology and plasma biochemistry were evaluated in red lionfish captured from the offshore waters of North Carolina to establish baseline parameters for individual and population health assessment. Blood smears were evaluated for total and differential white blood cell counts, and routine clinical biochemical profiles were performed on plasma samples. To improve the interpretive value of routine plasma biochemistry profiles, tissue enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], lactate dehydrogenase [LD], and creatine kinase [CK]) were analyzed from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and heart tissues from five fish. The hematological and plasma biochemical values were similar to those of other marine teleosts except that the estimated white blood cell counts were much lower than those routinely found in many species. The tissue enzyme activity findings suggest that plasma LD, CK, and AST offer clinical relevance in the assessment of red lionfish. C1 [Anderson, E. T.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Clarke, E. O.; Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Anderson, E. T.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Clarke, E. O.; Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Anderson, E. T.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Clarke, E. O.; Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Morris, J. A., Jr.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Harms, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1577/H10-029.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 703PN UT WOS:000285991400008 PM 21413511 ER PT J AU Powell, AM Xu, JJ AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr. Xu, Jianjun TI Uncertainties of the relationship between the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation, the Arctic stratosphere and solar forcing SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QBO; Solar forcing; Stratosphere; Temperature ID 11-YEAR SUNSPOT CYCLE; NORTH POLAR-REGION; PART I; QBO; SIGNAL; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; MODULATION; CIRCULATION; TROPOSPHERE AB Two different equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) indices, two reanalyses and radiosonde observations are used to analyze the Arctic stratospheric temperature and height. This analysis was used to assess the uncertainties in the connection of solar forcing, QBO and the Arctic variability. The results show that(1) the frequency of the westerly/easterly phases of the QBO over the stratospheric equator has a significant multiple peak seasonal variation. The primary seasonal peaks occur in February, March and April for the westerly phase of the QBO and the easterly phase peaks in June, July and August.(2) The correlation of stratospheric Arctic temperature and height with the solar radio flux shows statistical significance in February o July/August even if there is no stratified phase of QBO (easterly and westerly phases) involved. However, when the correlation was computed according to the stratified phase of QBO, the solar signals in both temperature and height fields are remarkably amplified in February and November under the westerly phase, but the signal in the height field is most significant only in August under the easterly phase.(3) The impact of the QBO and solar forcing on the stratospheric temperature and heights in the Arctic varies depending on the season. The impacts are also sensitive to the specific height of the QBO-defined level that isused, the specific period of the analysis and the dataset used. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Jianjun] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS); Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US Government position, policy or decision. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 72 IS 18 BP 1354 EP 1363 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.024 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 786GW UT WOS:000292292600005 ER PT J AU Lang, B AF Lang, Brian TI Hybridization thermodynamics of DNA bound to gold nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Isothermal Titration Calorimetry; DNA; Nanoparticles ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; DUPLEX STABILITY; SURFACE; BINDING; PROBES; TEMPERATURE; MICROARRAYS; PARAMETERS; SEQUENCE AB Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) was used to study the thermodynamics of hybridization on DNA-functionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles. When compared to the thermodynamics of hybridization of DNA that is free in solution, the differences in the values of the Gibbs free energy of reaction, Delta(r)G(o), the enthalpy, Delta(r)H(o), and entropy. Delta(r)S(o), were small. The change in Delta(r)G(o) between the free and bound states was always positive but with statistical significance outside the 95% confidence interval, implying the free DNA is slightly more stable than when in the bound state. Additionally, ITC was also able to reveal information about the binding stoichiometry of the hybridization reactions on the DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and indicates that there is a significant fraction of the DNA on gold nanoparticle surface that is unavailable for DNA hybridization. Furthermore, the fraction of available DNA is dependent on the spacer group on the DNA that is used to span the gold surface from that to the probe DNA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lang, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lang@nist.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1435 EP 1440 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2010.06.013 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 661FG UT WOS:000282709400004 ER PT J AU Kidston, J Frierson, DMW Renwick, JA Vallis, GK AF Kidston, Joseph Frierson, D. M. W. Renwick, J. A. Vallis, G. K. TI Observations, Simulations, and Dynamics of Jet Stream Variability and Annular Modes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ZONAL FLOW INTERACTIONS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; STORM TRACKS; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; EDDY FEEDBACK; LIFE-CYCLES; 2 PARADIGMS AB The characteristics of the dominant pattern of extratropical variability (the so called annular modes) are examined in the context of the theory tint eddy driven Jets are self maintaining It is shown that there is genuine hemispheric symmetry in the variation of the zonal wind in the Southern Hemisphere but not the Northern Hemisphere The annular mode is shown to be baroclinic in nature it is associated with changes in the baroclinic eddy source latitude and the latitude of the eddy source region is organized by the mean flow This behavior is expected if there is a baroclinic feedback that encourages the maximum baroclinic instability to be coincident with the maximum zonal wind speed and discourages the meridional vacillation of the eddy driven Jet stream It is shown that the strength of the thermally indirect circulation that gives rise to the baroclinic feedback appears to influence the time scale of the annular mode When the thermally indirect circulation is stronger the annular mode has a longer e folding time in a simplified GCM Preliminary results indicate that the same dynamics are important in the real atmosphere C1 [Kidston, Joseph] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Kidston, Joseph; Renwick, J. A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Frierson, D. M. W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010; OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; Renwick, James/0000-0002-9141-2486 FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310320]; NSF [ATM-0846641, AGS-0936069] FX We gratefully acknowledge the careful and helpful revisions suggested by W A Robinson and one anonymous reviewer J Kidston and G K Vallis were partially supported by NOAA Grant NA07OAR4310320 D M W Frierson is supported by NSF Grants ATM-0846641 and AGS-0936069 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 23 BP 6186 EP 6199 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3235.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696HP UT WOS:000285432800005 ER PT J AU Purkey, SG Johnson, GC AF Purkey, Sarah G. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; ROSS SEA; CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; MASS; 20TH-CENTURY; EVOLUTION; ENERGY AB Abyssal global and deep Southern Ocean temperature trends are quantified between the 1990s and 2000s to assess the role of recent warming of these regions in global heat and sea level budgets The authors 1) compute warming rates with uncertainties along 28 full depth high quality hydrographic sections that have been occupied two or more times between 1980 and 2010, 2) divide the global ocean into 32 basins defined by the topography and climatological ocean bottom temperatures and then 3) estimate temperature trends in the 24 sampled basins The three southernmost basins show a strong statistically significant abyssal warming trend with that warming signal weakening to the north in the central Pacific western Atlantic and eastern Indian Oceans Eastern Atlantic and western Indian Ocean basins show statistically insignificant abyssal cooling trends Excepting the Arctic Ocean and Nordic seas the rate of abyssal (below 4000 m) global ocean heat content change in the 1990s and 2000s is equivalent to a heat flux of 0 027 (+/- 0 009) W m(-2) applied over the entire surface of the earth Deep (1000-4000 m) warming south of the Subantarctic Front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current adds 0 068 (+/- 0 062) W m(-2) The abyssal warming produces a 0 053 (+/- 0 017) mm yr(-1) increase in global average sea level and the deep warming south of the Subantarctic Front adds another 0 093 (+/- 0 081) mm yr(-1) Thus warming in these regions ventilated primarily by Antarctic Bottom Water accounts for a statistically significant fraction of the present global energy and sea level budgets C1 [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RI Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX Our heartfelt thanks go to all those who helped to collect, calibrate, and process the WOCE and GO-SHIP data analyzed here Discussions with John Lyman were useful Comments from Susan Hautala, Takeshi Kawano, Michael Meredith, LuAnne Thompson, Joshua Willis, Carl Wunsch, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research supported this research NR 59 TC 194 Z9 198 U1 4 U2 72 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 23 BP 6336 EP 6351 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3682.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696HP UT WOS:000285432800014 ER PT J AU Shaw, TA Perlwitz, J Harnik, N AF Shaw, Tiffany A. Perlwitz, Judith Harnik, Nili TI Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere. The Importance of Meridional Wave Guiding and Comparison with Zonal-Mean Coupling SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN WINTER TROPOSPHERE; HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANETARY-WAVES; POLAR VORTICES; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS AB The nature of downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in both hemispheres is analyzed using the 40 yr Europe-in Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re Analysis (ERA 40) dataset Downward wave coupling occurs when planetary waves reflected in the stratosphere Impact the troposphere and it is distinct from zonal mean coupling which results from wave dissipation and its subsequent Impact on the zonal mean flow Cross spectral correlation analysis and wave geometry diagnostics reveal that downward wave 1 coupling occurs in the presence of both a vertical reflecting surface in the mid to upper stratosphere and a high latitude meridional waveguide in the lower stratosphere In the Southern Hemisphere downward wave coupling occurs from September to December whereas in the Northern Hemisphere it occurs from January to March A vertical reflecting surface is also present in the stratosphere during early winter in both hemispheres however, it forms at the poleward edge of the meridional waveguide which is not confined to high latitudes The absence of a high latitude waveguide allows meridional wave propagation into the subtropics and decreases the likelihood of downward wave coupling The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between wave reflection in general, which requires a vertical reflecting surface and downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere which requires both a vertical reflecting surface and a high latitude meridional waveguide The relative roles of downward wave and zonal me-in coupling in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres are subsequently compared In the Southern Hemisphere downward wave 1 coupling dominates whereas in the Northern Hemisphere downward wave 1 coupling and zonal mean coupling are found to be equally important from winter to early spring The results suggest that an accurate representation of the seasonal cycle of the wave geometry is necessary for the proper representation of downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere C1 [Shaw, Tiffany A.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Harnik, Nili] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Shaw, TA (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA. RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NOAA Climate Program Office; Israeli Science Foundation [1370/08] FX We thank ECMWF for providing the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset This research has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Post Doctoral Fellowship to the first author J P 's contribution was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office N H 's contribution was funded by Grant 1370/08 from the Israeli Science Foundation The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 23 BP 6365 EP 6381 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3804.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696HP UT WOS:000285432800016 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Held, IM AF Zhao, Ming Held, Isaac M. TI An Analysis of the Effect of Global Warming on the Intensity of Atlantic Hurricanes Using a GCM with Statistical Refinement SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY; IMPACT AB A statistical intensity adjustment is utilized to extract information from tropical cyclone simulations in a 50 km resolution global model A simple adjustment based on the modeled and observed probability distribution of storm lifetime maximum wind speed allows the model to capture the differences between ob served intensity distributions in active/inactive year composites from the 1981-2008 period in the North Atlantic This intensity adjustment is then used to examine the atmospheric model s responses to different sea surface temperature anomalies generated by coupled models for the late twenty first century In the North Atlantic all simulations produce a reduction in the total number of cyclones but with large intermodel spread in the magnitude of the reduction The intensity response is positively correlated with changes in frequency across the ensemble However there is on average an increase in intensity in these simulations despite the mean reduction in frequency The authors argue that it is useful to decompose these intensity changes into two parts an increase in intensity that is intrinsic to the climate change experiments and a change in intensity positively correlated with frequency just as in the active/inactive historical composites By isolating the intrinsic component which is relatively independent of the details of the SST warming pattern an increase is found in storm lifetime maximum winds of 5-10 m s(-1) for storms with intensities of 30-60 m s(-1) by the end of the twenty first century The effects of change in frequency which are dependent on the details of the spatial structure of the warming must then be superimposed on this intrinsic change C1 [Zhao, Ming; Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 FU Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF [ATM-0612551]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U S Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612]; Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment Program FX This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 An award of computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment Program The authors thank G Vecchi, S Garner, and T Knutson for valuable discussions and S -J Lin for his leading role in developing this model Ming Zhao was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0612551 and in part under Award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U S Department of Commerce The findings are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U S Department of Commerce NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 23 BP 6382 EP 6393 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3837.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696HP UT WOS:000285432800017 ER PT J AU Alexander, MA Tomas, R Deser, C Lawrence, DM AF Alexander, Michael A. Tomas, Robert Deser, Clara Lawrence, David M. TI The Atmospheric Response to Projected Terrestrial Snow Changes in the Late Twenty-First Century SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COVER; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; SEA; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; OCEAN AB Two atmospheric general circulation model experiments are conducted with specified terrestrial snow conditions representative of 1980-99 and 2080-99 The snow states are obtained from twentieth century and twenty first century coupled climate model integrations under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations Sea surface temperatures sea ice and greenhouse gas concentrations are set to 1980-99 values in both atmospheric model experiments to isolate the effect of the snow changes The reduction in snow cover in the twenty first century relative to the twentieth century increases the solar radiation absorbed by the surface, and It enhances the upward longwave radiation and latent and sensible fluxes that warm the overlying atmosphere The maximum twenty first century minus twentieth century surface air temperature (SAT) differences are relatively small (<3 degrees C) compared with those due to Arctic sea ice changes (similar to 10 degrees C) However they are continental in scale and are largest in fall and spring, when they make a significant contribution to the overall warming over Eurasia and North America in the twenty first century The circulation response to the snow changes while of modest amplitude Involves multiple components including a local low level trough remote Rossby wave trains an annular pattern that is strongest in the stratosphere and a hemispheric increase in geopotential height C1 [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tomas, Robert; Deser, Clara; Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU National Science Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation's Arctic System Science Program NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 23 BP 6430 EP 6437 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3899.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696HP UT WOS:000285432800020 ER PT J AU Reed, DA Powell, MD Westerman, JM AF Reed, Dorothy A. Powell, Mark D. Westerman, Julie M. TI Energy Supply System Performance for Hurricane Katrina SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Electric power outages; Disaster recovery; Hurricanes; Resilience; Restoration AB In 2005, wind-induced structural damage from Hurricane Katrina resulted in extensive energy supply disruptions across the Gulf of Mexico. In this paper, we examine the resilience of these systems with a particular emphasis on the electric power delivery systems. We investigate the correlations of the power outage data with weather parameters such as wind speed, rainfall, and storm surge. We examine the resilience and recovery of the electric delivery system spatially and temporally and compare the results with other natural disasters. We conclude that the behavior of the delivery systems under hurricane loadings is affected by rainfall and storm surge as well as wind speed. Widespread failures may occur at wind speeds less than predicted peak values. C1 [Reed, Dorothy A.; Westerman, Julie M.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Reed, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM reed@u.washington.edu; mark.powell@noaa.gov; jwesterm@u.washington.edu RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 FU National Science Foundation [0553063] FX Employees of the Louisiana Public Service Commission were particularly helpful in this investigation. Portions of this material are based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0553063. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the writer(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9402 J9 J ENERG ENG-ASCE JI J. Energy Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2010 VL 136 IS 4 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000028 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 681AF UT WOS:000284277900001 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, DM Effler, SW Strait, CM Leshkevich, GA AF O'Donnell, David M. Effler, Steven W. Strait, Christopher M. Leshkevich, George A. TI Optical characterizations and pursuit of optical closure for the western basin of Lake Erie through in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Absorption; Scattering; Backscattering; Remote sensing reflectance; Light attenuation; Lake Erie ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; EASTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; COASTAL WATERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MARINE PARTICLES; OCEAN COLOR; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; MINEROGENIC PARTICLES; BACKSCATTERING RATIO AB In situ measurements of inherent (IOPs) and apparent optical properties (AOPs), along with laboratory measurements of optically active constituents, were made at sites (n=14) in western Lake Erie following a wind event to advance the characterization of the underwater and emergent light fields of these waters and to support related IOP-based model development and testing. Modern instrumentation was used to make spectral (wavelength, lambda) measurements of the IOPs of absorption [a(lambda)], particulate scattering [b(p)(lambda)], and particulate backscattering [b(bp)(lambda)] coefficients, and the AOPs of remote sensing reflectance [R(rs)(lambda)], and the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance [K(d)(lambda)]. Optical closure analyses were conducted to demonstrate the credibility of the measurements, by comparing AOP observations to predictions based on radiative transfer expressions that utilized IOP measurements as inputs. Substantial spectral variations in a and its contributing components, and more modest wavelength dependencies for b(p) and b(bp), were documented that are consistent with observations reported for marine case 2 systems. The backscattering ratio, b(bp):b(p), was strongly positively related to the contribution of minerogenic particles to the overall concentration of suspended particulate material. Major spatial differences in both IOPs and AOPs were observed that were driven by the attendant differences in the concentrations and composition of the optically active constituents, but particularly minerogenic particles, mediated in part by sediment resuspension. Good optical closure between the independently measured IOPs and AOPs was achieved. Direct measurement of b(bp)(lambda) was found to be critical to pursue closure for R(rs)(lambda) and thereby support related remote sensing initiatives. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Donnell, David M.; Effler, Steven W.; Strait, Christopher M.] Upstate Freshwater Inst, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Leshkevich, George A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP O'Donnell, DM (reprint author), Upstate Freshwater Inst, POB 506, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. EM daveod@ourlake.org; sweffler@upstatefreshwater.org; cstrait@upstatefreshwater.org; george.leshkevich@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 4 BP 736 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.08.009 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 692QN UT WOS:000285170300017 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Sukovich, E Reynolds, D Dettinger, M Weagle, S Clark, W Neiman, PJ AF Ralph, F. M. Sukovich, E. Reynolds, D. Dettinger, M. Weagle, S. Clark, W. Neiman, P. J. TI Assessment of Extreme Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and Development of Regional Extreme Event Thresholds Using Data from HMT-2006 and COOP Observers SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; CALJET; WINTER; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE; PACJET-2001 AB Extreme precipitation events, and the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) associated with them, are examined. The study uses data from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT), which conducted its first field study in California during the 2005/06 cool season. National Weather Service River Forecast Center (NWS RFC) gridded QPFs for 24-h periods at 24-h (day 1), 48-h (day 2), and 72-h (day 3) forecast lead times plus 24-h quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from sites in California (CA) and Oregon-Washington (OR-WA) are used. During the 172-day period studied, some sites received more than 254 cm (100 in.) of precipitation. The winter season produced many extreme precipitation events, including 90 instances when a site received more than 7.6 cm (3.0 in.) of precipitation in 24 h (i.e., an "event'') and 17 events that exceeded 12.7 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.0 in. (24 h)(-1)]. For the 90 extreme events {> 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)]}, almost 90% of all the 270 QPFs (days 1-3) were biased low, increasingly so with greater lead time. Of the 17 observed events exceeding 12.7 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.0 in. (24 h)(-1)], only 1 of those events was predicted to be that extreme. Almost all of the extreme events correlated with the presence of atmospheric river conditions. Total seasonal QPF biases for all events {i.e., >= 0.025 cm (24 h)(-1) [0.01 in. (24 h)(-1)]} were sensitive to local geography and were generally biased low in the California-Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) region and high in the Northwest River Forecast Center(NWRFC) domain. The low bias in CA QPFs improved with shorter forecast lead time and worsened for extreme events. Differences were also noted between the CNRFC and NWRFC in terms of QPF and the frequency of extreme events. A key finding from this study is that there were more precipitation events > 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in CA than in OR-WA. Examination of 422 Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) sites in the NWRFC domain and 400 in the CNRFC domain found that the thresholds for the top 1% and top 0.1% of precipitation events were 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] and 14.2 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.6 in. (24 h)(-1)] or greater for the CNRFC and only 5.1 cm (24 h)(-1) [2.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] and 9.4 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.7 in. (24 h)(-1)] for the NWRFC, respectively. Similar analyses for all NWS RFCs showed that the threshold for the top 1% of events varies from similar to 3.8 cm (24 h)(-1) [1.5 in. (24 h)(-1)] in the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) to similar to 5.1 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in the northern tier of RFCs and; 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in both the southern tier and the CNRFC. It is recommended that NWS QPF performance in the future be assessed for extreme events using these thresholds. C1 [Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sukovich, E.; Clark, W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Reynolds, D.] NOAA, NWS, Monterey WFO, Monterey, CA USA. [Dettinger, M.] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Weagle, S.] NOAA, NWS, Portland WFO, Portland, OR USA. [Weagle, S.] NW River Forecast Ctr, Portland, OR USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1286 EP 1304 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1232.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZE UT WOS:000286178800006 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Rutledge, SA Cifelli, R AF Lang, Timothy J. Rutledge, Steven A. Cifelli, Robert TI Polarimetric Radar Observations of Convection in Northwestern Mexico during the North American Monsoon Experiment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; DUAL-POLARIZED RADAR; TROPICAL CONVECTION; NAME 2004; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; DIURNAL CYCLE; PART I; RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS AB The spatial and temporal variability of convection during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) was examined via analysis of three-dimensional polarimetric radar data. Terrain bands were defined as the Gulf of California (over water) and elevations of 0-500 m above mean sea level (MSL; coastal plain), 500-1500 m MSL, and. 1500 m MSL. Convective rainfall over the Gulf typically featured the smallest values of median volume diameter (D(0)) regardless of rain rate. Gulf convection also contained reduced precipitation-sized ice water mass but proportionally more liquid water mass compared to convection over land. These maritime characteristics were magnified during disturbed meteorological regimes, which typically featured increased precipitation over the Gulf and adjacent coastal plain. Overall, the results suggest increased reliance on warm-rain collision and coalescence at the expense of ice-based precipitation growth processes for convective rainfall over the Gulf, relative to the land. Over land D(0), ice, and liquid water mass all increased with decreasing terrain elevation, suggesting intensification of convection as it moved off the Sierra Madre Occidental. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both warm-rain and ice-based rainfall processes play important roles in precipitation formation over land. Coastal-plain convection underwent microphysical modifications during disturbed meteorological regimes that were similar to Gulf convection, but the changes were less dramatic. High-terrain convection experienced little microphysical variability regardless of meteorological regime. C1 [Lang, Timothy J.; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cifelli, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA. [Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM tlang@atmos.colostate.edu OI Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733396, ATM-0340544] FX This work greatly benefitted from contributions by Dave Ahijevych, Rit Carbone, Larry Carey, Dave Gochis, Paul Hein, Steve Nesbitt, Gustavo Pereira, Angela Rowe, and the NCAR S-Pol staff during NAME (led by Don Ferraro and Jon Lutz). This research was funded by the National Science Foundation via Grants ATM-0733396 and ATM-0340544. NR 76 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1345 EP 1357 DI 10.1175/2010JHM1247.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZE UT WOS:000286178800010 ER PT J AU Dair, BJ Saylor, DM Cargal, TE French, GR Kennedy, KM Casas, RS Guyer, JE Warren, JA Kim, CS Pollack, SK AF Dair, Benita J. Saylor, David M. Cargal, T. Eric French, Grace R. Kennedy, Kristen M. Casas, Rachel S. Guyer, Jonathan E. Warren, James A. Kim, Chang-Soo Pollack, Steven K. TI The Effect of Substrate Material on Silver Nanoparticle Antimicrobial Efficacy SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticle; Antimicrobial; Medical Device; Coating; Polymer ID ION AB With the advent of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles increasingly are being used in coatings, especially in medical device applications, to capitalize on their antimicrobial properties. The attractiveness of nanoparticulate silver systems is the expected increased antimicrobial efficacy relative to their bulk counterparts, which may be attributed to an increased silver ion (Ag(+)) solubility, and hence availability, that arises from capillarity effects in small, nanometer-sized particles. However, a change of the material upon which the antimicrobial nanoparticulate silver is deposited (herein called "substrate") may affect the availability of Ag+ ions and the intended efficacy of the device. We utilize both theory and experiment to determine the effect of substrate on ion release from silver particles in electrochemical environments and find that substrate surface charge, chemical reactivity or affinity of the surface for Ag+ ions, and wettability of the surface all affect availability of Ag+ ions, and hence antimicrobial efficacy. It is also observed that with time of exposure to deionized water, Ag+ ion release increases to a maximum value at 5 min before decreasing to undetectable levels, which is attributed to coarsening of the nanoparticles, and which subsequently reduces the solubility and availability of Ag+ ions. This coarsening phenomenon is also predicted by the theoretical considerations and has been confirmed experimentally by transmission electron microscopy. C1 [Dair, Benita J.; Saylor, David M.; Cargal, T. Eric; French, Grace R.; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Casas, Rachel S.; Kim, Chang-Soo; Pollack, Steven K.] FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Guyer, Jonathan E.; Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Labs, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dair, BJ (reprint author), FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Chem & Mat Sci, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016; OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589; Casas, Rachel/0000-0003-2848-3107 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 12 BP 8456 EP 8462 DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.3566 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 672XQ UT WOS:000283621400080 PM 21121354 ER PT J AU Lavery, KA Prabhu, VM Satija, S Wu, WL AF Lavery, Kristopher A. Prabhu, Vivek M. Satija, Sushil Wu, Wen-li TI Lateral uniformity in chemical composition along a buried reaction front in polymers using off-specular reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GRAZING-INCIDENCE; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; ROUGH SURFACES; PHOTORESISTS; MULTILAYERS; DIFFUSION AB Off-specular neutron reflectometry was applied to characterize the form and amplitude of lateral compositional variations at a buried reaction-diffusion front. In this work, off-specular neutron measurements were first calibrated using off-specular x-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy via a roughened glass surface, both as a free surface and as a buried interface that was prepared by spin coating thin polymer films upon the glass surface. All three methods provided consistent roughness values despite the difference in their detection mechanism. Our neutron results demonstrated, for the first time, that the compositional heterogeneity at a buried reaction front can be measured; the model system used in this study mimics the deprotection reaction that occurs during the photolithographic process necessary for manufacturing integrated circuits. C1 [Lavery, Kristopher A.; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Satija, Sushil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wenli@nist.gov FU Intel Corporation [CRADA 1893]; NIST [CRADA 1893]; NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX This work was supported by a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) between Intel Corporation and NIST, CRADA 1893 as well as the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. KAL was supported by the NIST-NRC Postdoctoral Associateship Program. The authors acknowledge Kwang-Woo Choi and George Thompson at Intel Corporation and Saibal Basu at the NIST Center for Neutron Research for their helpful discussions and insights. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 47 AR 474001 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/47/474001 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 680VP UT WOS:000284264800002 PM 21386608 ER PT J AU Jossi, JW AF Jossi, Jack W. TI US NOAA Fisheries and UK SAHFOS CPR surveys: comparison of methods and data SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CPR; plankton; North Atlantic ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; CONSISTENCY; HISTORY AB The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey has sampled four routes: Boston-Nova Scotia (1961-present), New York toward Bermuda (1976-present), Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay-Rhode Island Sound (1998-present) and eastward of Chesapeake Bay (1974-1980). NOAA involvement began in 1974 when it assumed responsibility for the existing Boston-Nova Scotia route from what is now the UK's Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS). Training, equipment and computer software were provided by SAHFOS to ensure continuity for this and standard protocols for any new routes. Data for the first 14 years of this route were provided to NOAA by SAHFOS. Comparison of collection methods; sample processing; and sample identification, staging and counting techniques revealed near-consistency between NOAA and SAHFOS. One departure involved phytoplankton counting standards. This has since been addressed and the data corrected. Within- and between-survey taxonomic and life-stage names and their consistency through time were, and continue to be, an issue. For this, a cross-reference table has been generated that contains the SAHFOS taxonomic code, NOAA taxonomic code, NOAA life-stage code, National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) taxonomic code, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) serial number and authority and consistent use/route. This table is available for review/use by other CPR surveys. Details of the NOAA and SAHFOS comparison and analytical techniques unique to NOAA are presented. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Jossi, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jack.jossi@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1623 EP 1631 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq032 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 676PP UT WOS:000283925000003 ER PT J AU Pershing, AJ Head, EHJ Greene, CH Jossi, JW AF Pershing, Andrew J. Head, Erica H. J. Greene, Charles H. Jossi, Jack W. TI Pattern and scale of variability among Northwest Atlantic Shelf plankton communities SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE zooplankton; phytoplankton; continuous plankton recorder; Gulf of Maine; Scotian Shelf; Middle Atlantic Bight; North Atlantic; climate variability ID GULF-OF-MAINE; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; GEORGES-BANK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SCOTIAN SHELF; RIGHT WHALE; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; SALINITY AB Continuous plankton recorders (CPRs) have been used in the Northwest Atlantic for almost 50 years. While data collected by these surveys have provided valuable information on long-term variability in plankton populations, all previous analyses have been limited to only a portion of the geographic range of the available data. Here we present an analysis of the CPR data from the Mid Atlantic Bight to the Labrador Sea. Across this wide geographic range, we found many common associations among the taxa. In particular, the changes in most regions were strongly size structured, with small and medium copepods varying together and often positively related to indicators of phytoplankton abundance. The time series from nearby regions were strongly correlated; however, after 1990, the spatial pattern became more complex. During this period, several of the copepod taxa, noticeably Calanus finmarchicus and Centropages typicus, experienced a series of anomalies that appeared to propagate from northeast to southwest. Although the direction of propagation was consistent with the shelf circulation, the anomalies propagated at a rate much slower than typical current speeds. The timing of the copepod anomalies and their phase speed were similar in character to observed changes in salinity and the position of the Shelf Slope Front. The correspondence between the changes in the plankton community and changes in the physical environmental suggests that physical conditions are a strong driver of interannual variability in Northwest Atlantic Shelf ecosystems. C1 [Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Pershing, Andrew J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Head, Erica H. J.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Greene, Charles H.] Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY USA. [Jossi, Jack W.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Pershing, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM andrew.pershing@maine.edu FU NSF [OCE-0625273] FX This analysis was funded by the GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program (NSF grant OCE-0625273). NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 44 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1674 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq058 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 676PP UT WOS:000283925000006 ER PT J AU Record, NR Pershing, AJ Jossi, JW AF Record, Nicholas R. Pershing, Andrew J. Jossi, Jack W. TI Biodiversity as a dynamic variable in the Gulf of Maine continuous plankton recorder transect SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; copepod; continuous plankton recorder; Gulf of Maine; pelagic; zooplankton; richness ID SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM; SCALE; ZOOPLANKTON; BIOMASS AB Studies relating biodiversity to ecosystem processes typically do not take into account changes in biodiversity through time. Marine systems are highly dynamic, with biodiversity changing at diel, seasonal and inter-decadal timescales. We examined the dynamics of biodiversity in the Gulf of Maine pelagic zooplankton community. Taxonomic data came from the Gulf of Maine continuous plankton recorder (CPR) transect, spanning the years 1961-2006. The CPR transect also contains coincident information on temperature and phytoplankton biomass (measured by the phytoplankton color index). Taxonomic richness varied at all timescales considered. The relationships between temperature and richness, and between phytoplankton and richness, also depended on temporal scale. The temperature-richness relationship was monotonic at the multi-decadal scale, and tended to be hump-shaped at finer scales; the productivity-richness relationship was hump-shaped at the multi-decadal scale, and tended to be monotonic at finer scales. Seasonal biodiversity dynamics were linked to temperature; inter-decadal biodiversity dynamics were linked to phytoplankton. C1 [Record, Nicholas R.; Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Jossi, Jack W.] NMFS, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NEFSC, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Record, NR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. EM nrecord@gmri.org FU US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics); (National Science Foundation) [OCE-0815336, OCE-0625273] FX Support was provided by US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) and NSF (National Science Foundation) grants (OCE-0815336 and OCE-0625273). NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 32 IS 12 BP 1675 EP 1684 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq050 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 676PP UT WOS:000283925000007 ER PT J AU Michaels, CA AF Michaels, Chris A. TI Surface-sensitive Raman microscopy with total internal reflection illumination SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE confocal Raman microscopy; total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy; thin film; chemical imaging; solid immersion lens microscopy ID SOLID IMMERSION LENS; INFRARED MAPPING MICROSPECTROSCOPY; DEPTH RESOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SPECTRA; ZNSE AB A Raman microscope using a total internal reflection (TIR) annular illumination geometry through a ZnSe solid immersion lens (SIL) is described. Spectra of a thin-film sample of the transparent organic conductor poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate are presented and compared with those from a conventional confocal Raman configuration. These spectra demonstrate a significant increase in surface selectivity upon the use of TIR illumination, as the decay length of the evanescent excitation field limits the depth of sample probed in this configuration. Spectral interference from the underlying PET substrate layer is thus greatly reduced. An increase in surface selectivity is also demonstrated for spectra acquired through the SIL with uniform illumination. Raman images of a micropatterned PEDOT : PSS film acquired with TIR illumination are also reported. Enhanced lateral resolution is realized in this configuration because of the immersion effect of the SIL, and the sampling depth is limited to 150 nm by the choice of illumination geometry. This results in analysis volumes on the order of tens of femtoliters, nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than typically achieved in conventional confocal Raman microscopes. This approach yields Raman spectra and images with surface selectivity significantly greater than can be achieved in confocal Raman, and provides a valuable tool for the microanalysis of thin surface films. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.michaels@nist.gov NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1670 EP 1677 DI 10.1002/jrs.2610 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 705PY UT WOS:000286151400017 ER PT J AU Sandifer, PA AF Sandifer, Paul A. TI Victor Gregory Burrell, Jr. 1925-2009 IN MEMORIAM SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sandifer, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.2983/035.029.0410 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 699NM UT WOS:000285670100001 ER PT J AU Hare, MP Weinberg, J Peterfalvy, O Davidson, M AF Hare, Matthew P. Weinberg, James Peterfalvy, Olga Davidson, Maureen TI THE "SOUTHERN" SURFCLAM (SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA SIMILIS) FOUND NORTH OF ITS REPORTED RANGE: A COMMERCIALLY HARVESTED POPULATION IN LONG ISLAND SOUND, NEW YORK SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; morphometrics; mitochondrial DNA; cytochrome oxidase I; COI; cardinal tooth; latitude; range; biogeography ID ATLANTIC SURFCLAM; DELMARVA PENINSULA; AGE-STRUCTURE; GROWTH-RATE; CLAM; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; INVERTEBRATES; MITOCHONDRIAL; CONNECTIVITY; RECRUITMENT AB The surfclam taxon Spisula solidissima similis, known as the "southern" surfclam and as Raveneli's surfclam, was recently shown to be reproductively isolated and genetically distinct from S. s. solidissima, the commercially harvested Atlantic surfclam, at the level of species. The reported distribution for S. s. similis includes shallow nearshore marine habitats south of Cape Hatteras as well as in the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, S. s. solidissima is larger, has a longer life span, and is found in cooler waters north of Cape Hatteras both nearshore and offshore. The current study used molecular markers to test for S. s. finials in Long Island Sound (LIS), New York, at latitude 41 degrees N, well north of its typical range. After analyzing a diagnostic mitochondria! DNA marker in 90 surfclam specimens from 3 locations in LIS, all samples were identified as S. s. similis. The LIS sample was also significantly different in both shell shape and in the shape of the cardinal tooth than comparably sized offshore S. s. However, these shell differences are not adequate for differentiating between these taxa in the field. The documented history of Spisula in LIS is reviewed to address hypotheses about its origin there. In addition, the fishery management implications of our findings are discussed. C1 [Hare, Matthew P.; Peterfalvy, Olga] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20330 USA. [Weinberg, James] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Davidson, Maureen] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Marine Resources, E Setauket, NY 11733 USA. RP Hare, MP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, 208 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mph75@cornell.edu FU NYSDEC; University of Maryland FX Dr. Steve Cadrin kindly provided assistance with computer programming related to the morphometric analysis. We are grateful to the scientists and crew of the NOAA ship RV Delaware 11 for collecting oceanic surfclams that were used in this study. We thank Dr. Daniel Hennen for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript, two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions, Harmony Borchardt-Wier for preparation of Figure 2, and L. Poppe and the U.S. Geological Service for permission to republish Figure 6. This work was supported by NYSDEC (M. D.) and the University of Maryland (M. H.). NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.2983/035.029.0413 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 699NM UT WOS:000285670100004 ER PT J AU Geiger, SP Stephenson, SP Arnold, WS AF Geiger, Stephen P. Stephenson, Sarah P. Arnold, William S. TI PROTRACTED RECRUITMENT IN THE BAY SCALLOP ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS IN A WEST FLORIDA ESTUARY SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bay scallop; Argopecten irradians; recruitment; Florida ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CONCENTRICUS SAY; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; COASTAL LAGOON; LONG-ISLAND; GROWTH; LAMARCK; POPULATIONS; OYSTER AB Many studies have indicated that annual spawning of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) peaks during discrete and limited periods each year. Spawning in most Florida bay scallop subpopulations has been shown to occur in fall, whereas more northerly U.S. populations typically spawn in late spring or summer. In this article we describe our efforts to expand our understanding of the seasonality of bay scallop recruitment dynamics in Florida. Visual surveys were conducted by divers each spring from 1994 to 2009 to estimate adult scallop abundance. Adult abundance was low (6.1 scallops/600 m(2)) during the first 3 y of the study (1994 to 1996), prompting a 7-y restoration effort intended to enhance the number of spawning adults and thereby enhance the local production of larval scallops. Adult abundances increased loan average of 21.9 scallops/600 m(2) in 1997 to 2006, and then rose dramatically to an average density of 154.8 scallops/600 m(2) in the most recent years (2007 to 2009). Artificial recruit collectors (n = 12) were deployed monthly near the Anclote River estuary beginning in 1997 and were allowed to soak for 2 moat a time. Each collector's deployment period overlapped with the preceding and following trap's deployment period by 1 mo. The project is ongoing, but only data collected through December 2009 is included here (bay scallops recruited to the collectors during 163 of the 185 deployment periods). For the entire study period, the average recruitment rate was 0.3 scallops/collector/day, the maximum average for a single deployment period was 5.5 scallops/collector/day during November 2001 to January 2002, and the highest rate for a single collector was 19.6 scallops/collector/day during November 2001 to January 2002. In most years, the collectors retrieved in late fall and early winter had the highest settlement rate; a secondary recruitment peak was observed in the spring. A period of protracted recruitment (December 2005 to December 2009) occurred, during which scallops recruited to at least I of the 12 deployed collectors deployed during 53 consecutive deployment periods. The average recruitment rate for this protracted period was 0.4 scallops/collector/day; the maximum recruitment rate for a single deployment period (3.5 scallops/collector/day) and individual collector (17.7 scallops/day) occurred during December 2008 to February 2009. Early in our study, scallops were detected in a majority of our recruit collectors, and a protracted period of recruitment (October 2001 to February 2004) coincided with the multiyear restoration effort. However, the recent high adult densities and protracted period of recruitment occurred in the absence of any active restoration in this subpopulation, suggesting that, at least within the Anclote River estuary, the population has stabilized for the short term. C1 [Geiger, Stephen P.; Stephenson, Sarah P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arnold, William S.] NOAA, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Geiger, SP (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM steve.geiger@myfwc.com FU Florida Salt Water Fishing License FX Numerous FWRI coworkers assisted with collection and analysis of scallop spat collectors and visual transect surveys described in this article: D. Marelli, C. Bray, M. Harrison, K. Hagner, P. Hoffman, M. Parker, M. Humphrey, M. Julian, T. Idocks, A. Feldberg, K. Ferenc, L. Gentile, J. Bickford, C. Meyer, C. Matterson, J. Cobb, A. Granholm, C. Beals, B. Pittinger, M. Gambordella, J. Stone, M. Poplaski, B. Brown, A. Vasilis, M. Drexler, S. Bergeron, A. Dowling, and numerous participants in the FWRI intern program. Reviews were provided by D. Chagaris, J. Herrera, Jim Colvocoresses, Judy Colvocoresses, Bland Crowder, and 2 anonymous reviewers. Primary funding was provided by funds generated by the Florida Salt Water Fishing License. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 809 EP 817 DI 10.2983/035.029.0414 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 699NM UT WOS:000285670100005 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Ottmar, ML Haines, SA AF Stoner, Allan W. Ottmar, Michele L. Haines, Scott A. TI TEMPERATURE AND HABITAT COMPLEXITY MEDIATE CANNIBALISM IN RED KING CRAB: OBSERVATIONS ON ACTIVITY, FEEDING, AND PREY DEFENSE MECHANISMS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE temperature; habitat complexity; predation; cannibalism; aquaculture; Paralithodes camtschaticus ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; BLUE-CRAB; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; INTERTIDAL HABITATS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PREDATION RATES AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate how water temperature mediates the cannibalistic relationship between age 0 and age 1 red king crab (RKC) (Paralithodes camtschaticus), and the role of habitat structure in providing refuge for prey. We also observed the activity levels of age 1 crabs under light and dark conditions, and predator avoidance behavior by the age 0 crabs. Age 1 crabs (15-20 mm in carapace length (CL)) were active 24 h/day, but motion was about 33% higher in light than in dark conditions, and increased in direct proportion with water temperature (2-10 degrees C). Feeding rate was also directly related with temperature for age 1 crabs, which consumed 7% of body weight per day at 2 degrees C, and 20% at 10 degrees C. Both temperature and habitat complexity had significant effects on survival of age 0 RKC (CW, 2.2-2.6 mm) when exposed to age 1 crabs (CL, 17-19 mm), with no significant interaction. Survival diminished 31% in a linear relationship from 2-10 degrees C, and was twice as high in a complex structural environment compared with bare sand habitat. Predator avoidance behavior by age 0 RKC improved from juvenile molt stage 2 to stage 4. Increasing water temperature may serve to increase mortality by cannibalism in RKC, both in aquaculture and in the field, but survival will increase substantially in structurally complex environments. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.; Ottmar, Michele L.; Haines, Scott A.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov RI Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Alaska Sea Grant College FX This study was conducted as part of the AKCRRAB Program (Alaska King Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aquaculture Program and the Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Crabs were provided by the Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, Alaska, with special thanks to B. Daly and J. Swingle, who cared for and shipped crabs, and offered advice on crab husbandry. R. Titgen assisted in building experimental apparatus, and C. Ryer provided constructive criticism for the manuscript. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 21 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.2983/035.029.0401 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 699NM UT WOS:000285670100027 ER PT J AU Wang, LZ Emmerich, SJ Persily, AK AF Wang, Liangzhu Emmerich, Steven J. Persily, Andrew K. TI In Situ Experimental Study of Carbon Monoxide Generation by Gasoline-Powered Electric Generator in an Enclosed Space SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB On the basis of currently available data, approximately 97% of generator-related carbon monoxide (CO) fatalities are caused by operating currently marketed, carbureted spark-ignited gasoline-powered generators (not equipped with emission controls) in enclosed spaces. To better understand and to reduce the occurrence of these fatalities, research is needed to quantify CO generation rates, develop and test CO emission control devices, and evaluate CO transport and exposure when operating a generator in an enclosed space. As a first step in these efforts, this paper presents measured CO generation rates from a generator without any emission control devices operating in an enclosed space under real weather conditions. This study expands on previously published information from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Thirteen separate tests were conducted under different weather conditions at half and full generator load settings. It was found that the CO level in the shed reached a maximum value of 29,300 +/- 580 mg/m(3), whereas the oxygen (O(2)) was depleted to a minimum level of 16.2 +/- 0.02% by volume. For the test conditions of real weather and generator operation, the CO generation and the O(2) consumption could be expressed as time-averaged generation/consumption rates. It was also found that the CO generation and O(2) consumption rates can be correlated to the O(2) levels in the space and the actual load output from the generator. These correlations are shown to agree well with the measurements. C1 [Wang, Liangzhu; Emmerich, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bldg Environm Div, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM semmerich@nist.gov RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 FU CPSC [CPSC-I-06-0012]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research was supported by CPSC under the interagency agreement "CPSC-I-06-0012" between the CSPC and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors thank Donald W. Switzer, Janet Buyer, Christopher J. Brown, and Susan Bathalon from CPSC and Gregory T. Linteris and Steven J. Nabinger from NIST. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1443 EP 1451 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.12.1443 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 694GB UT WOS:000285281900004 PM 21243898 ER PT J AU Zhu, P Zhang, JA Masters, FJ AF Zhu, Ping Zhang, Jun A. Masters, Forrest J. TI Wavelet Analyses of Turbulence in the Hurricane Surface Layer during Landfalls SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; ROLL VORTICES; WIND FIELDS; COSPECTRA; IMAGERY; OCEAN; FLUX; WALL AB Using wavelet transform (WT), this study analyzes the surface wind data collected by the portable wind towers during the landfalls of six hurricanes and one tropical storm in the 2002-04 seasons. The WT, which decomposes a time series onto the scale-time domain, provides a means to investigate the role of turbulent eddies in the vertical transport in the unsteady, inhomogeneous hurricane surface layer. The normalized WT power spectra (NWPS) show that the hurricane boundary layer roll vortices tend to suppress the eddy circulations immediately adjacent to rolls, but they do not appear to have a substantial effect on eddies smaller than 100 m. For low-wind conditions with surface wind speeds less than 10 m s(-1), the contributions of small eddies (<236 m) to the surface wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decrease with the increase of wind speed. The opposite variation trend is found for eddies greater than 236 m. However, for wind speeds greater than 10 m s(-1), contributions of both small and large eddies tend to level off as wind speeds keep increasing. It is also found that the scale of the peak NWPS of the surface wind stress is nearly constant with a mean value of approximately 86 m, whereas the scale of the peak NWPS of TKE generally increases with the increase of wind speed, suggesting the different roles of eddies in generating fluxes and TKE. This study illustrates the unique characteristics of the surface layer turbulent structures during hurricane landfalls. It is hoped that the findings of this study could enlighten the development and improvement of turbulent mixing schemes so that the vertical transport processes in the hurricane surface layer can be appropriately parameterized in forecasting models. C1 [Zhu, Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Masters, Forrest J.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Zhu, P (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, MARC 360,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM zhup@fiu.edu RI Masters, Forrest/D-1287-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Masters, Forrest/0000-0001-8203-9846; FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0847332]; NOAA/Florida Hurricane Alliance FX Ping Zhu wishes to acknowledge the support for this work from the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-0847332 and the NOAA/Florida Hurricane Alliance. We are very grateful to the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Their helpful suggestions led to improvements of this paper. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 12 BP 3793 EP 3805 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3437.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696LJ UT WOS:000285442600003 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Lien, GY Chen, JH Zhang, FQ AF Wu, Chun-Chieh Lien, Guo-Yuan Chen, Jan-Huey Zhang, Fuqing TI Assimilation of Tropical Cyclone Track and Structure Based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART II; INITIALIZATION; MESOSCALE; VORTEX; SCHEME AB A new tropical cyclone vortex initialization method based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is proposed in this study. Three observed parameters that are related to the tropical cyclone (TC) track and structure center position, velocity of storm motion, and surface axisymmetric wind structure are assimilated into the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during a 24-h initialization period to develop a dynamically balanced TC vortex without employing any extra bogus schemes. The first two parameters are available from the TC track data of operational centers, which are mainly based on satellite analysis. The radial wind profile is constructed by fitting the combined information from both the best-track and the dropwindsonde data available from aircraft surveillance observations, such as the Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR). The initialized vortex structure is consistent with the observations of a typical vertical TC structure, even though only the surface wind profile is assimilated. In addition, the subsequent numerical integration shows minor adjustments during early periods, indicating that the analysis fields obtained from this method are dynamically balanced. Such a feature is important for TC numerical integrations. The results here suggest that this new method promises an improved TC initialization and could possibly contribute to some high-resolution numerical experiments to better understand the dynamics of TC structure and to improve operational TC model forecasts. Further applications of this method with sophisticated data from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) will be shown in a follow-up paper. C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Lien, Guo-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chen, Jan-Huey] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Lien, Guo-Yuan/C-4613-2016; OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Lien, Guo-Yuan/0000-0002-0400-6210; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 97-2111-M-002-016-MY3, NSC 98-2111-M-002-008-MY3]; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan [MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-08-1-G007, N000140910526] FX The work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through Grants NSC 97-2111-M-002-016-MY3 and NSC 98-2111-M-002-008-MY3, the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan through MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01, and the Office of Naval Research Grants N00173-08-1-G007 and N000140910526. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 67 IS 12 BP 3806 EP 3822 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3444.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 696LJ UT WOS:000285442600004 ER PT J AU Botta, S Secchi, ER Muelbert, MMC Danilewicz, D Negri, MF Cappozzo, HL Hohn, AA AF Botta, Silvina Secchi, Eduardo R. Muelbert, Monica M. C. Danilewicz, Daniel Fernanda Negri, Maria Luis Cappozzo, Humberto Hohn, Aleta A. TI Age and growth of franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea: Pontoporiidae) incidentally caught off southern Brazil and northern Argentina SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE franciscana; Pontoporia blainvillei; growth; age estimation; South America; dolphin; Cetacea ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; HARBOR PORPOISES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; COAST; POPULATIONS AB Age and length data of 291 franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally captured on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, were used to fit growth curves using Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy growth models. A small sample of franciscanas (N = 35) from Buenos Aires Province (BA), Argentina, were used to see if there are apparent growth differences between the populations. Male and female franciscana samples from both areas were primarily (78-85%) <4 years of age. The Von Bertalanffy growth model with a data set that excluded animals <1 year of age provided the best fit to data. Based on this model, dolphins from the RS population reached asymptotic length at 136.0 cm and 158.4 cm, for males and females, respectively. No remarkable differences were observed in the growth trajectories of males and females between the RS and BA populations. C1 [Botta, Silvina; Secchi, Eduardo R.; Muelbert, Monica M. C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Mamiferos Marinhos, Inst Oceanog, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Grp Estudos Mamiferos Aquat Rio Grande Sul GEMARS, BR-90440150 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Fernanda Negri, Maria; Luis Cappozzo, Humberto] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, MACN, Lab Ecol Comportamiento & Mamiferos Marinos, Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Hohn, Aleta A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Botta, S (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Mamiferos Marinhos, Inst Oceanog, Cx P 474, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. EM silbotta@yahoo.com RI Danilewicz, Daniel /O-5024-2014; Secchi, Eduardo/D-5038-2013; Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Secchi, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-9909; Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 FU Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente (FNMA); Yaqu Pacha Foundation; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal em Ensino Superior (PEC-PG-CAPES) FX This study could not have been made without the cooperation of the fishermen from Rio Grande. Many people collaborated in the collection and necropsy of the dolphins and the authors wish to thank Manuela Bassoi, Alexandre Zerbini, Luciana Moller, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Lilia Fidelix, Juliana Di Tullio, Emanuel Ferreira and numerous volunteers for helping in this task. The authors also thank Lauro Barcellos (Director of the Museu Oceanografico-(FURG)) for his constant logistical support and for encouraging marine mammal studies in southern Brazil. Financial support was given by the Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente (FNMA) and Yaqu Pacha Foundation. This paper is part of Silvina Botta's Masters thesis and the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal em Ensino Superior (PEC-PG-CAPES) had granted her a graduation fellowship. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 90 IS 8 SI SI BP 1493 EP 1500 DI 10.1017/S0025315410001141 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 696YX UT WOS:000285478400003 ER PT J AU Yue, CJ Lu, WS Li, XF AF Yue Cai-jun Lu Wei-song Li, Xiaofan TI NUMERICAL MODELING STUDY OF EFFECTS OF EASTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL ON ENSO SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern Pacific warm pool; ENSO event; Zebiak-Cane ocean-atmosphere coupled model; sensitivity experiments ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WIND; ANOMALIES; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION AB In this study, sensitivity experiments were conducted with the Zebiak-Cane ocean-atmosphere coupled model forced by the wind stress anomaly from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data to study the impacts of eastern Pacific warm pool on the formation and development of ENSO events. The effects of climatological mean sea surface temperature of the warm pool on forecast skill during the ENSO events of 1982-1999 are more considerable that those of climatological mean meridional winds and ocean currents. The forecast skill for the 1997/1998 El Nino event is characterized by sensitivity to climatological mean sea surface temperature and anomalies of northerly winds and currents. The forecast skill is found insensitive to climatological mean northerly meridional winds and currents. C1 [Yue Cai-jun] China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Yue Cai-jun] CMA, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Lu Wei-song] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Yue, CJ (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM yuecaijun2000@163.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875025, 40875030, 40775033, 40921160381]; Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China [08ZR1422900]; New Meteorology Technology of the China Meteorological Administration [09A13] FX National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875025, 40875030, 40775033, 40921160381); Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China (08ZR1422900); Key Promotion Project of New Meteorology Technology of the China Meteorological Administration in 2009 (09A13) NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-8775 J9 J TROP METEOROL JI J. Trop. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2010.04.007 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 695VZ UT WOS:000285402000007 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, KL Commey, S Apeti, DA Lauenstein, GG AF Kimbrough, K. L. Commey, S. Apeti, D. A. Lauenstein, G. G. TI Chemical contamination assessment of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary as a result of the attacks on the World Trade Center: Analysis of trace elements SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Trace elements; World Trade Center; Mussel Watch Program; Monitoring; Mussels; Hudson-Raritan Estuary AB The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in the destruction of buildings, and the release of tons of dust and debris into the environment. As part of the effort to characterize the environmental impact of the WTC collapse, Mussel Watch Program trace element measurements from the Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE) were assessed for the years before (1986-2001) and after (2001-2005) the attack. Trace element measurements in the HRE were significantly higher than Mussel Watch measurements taken elsewhere in the Nation. Post-attack trace element measurements were not significantly different from pre-attack measurements. The impacts of WTC collapse may have been obscured by high ambient levels of trace elements in the HRE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kimbrough, K. L.; Apeti, D. A.; Lauenstein, G. G.] NOAA N SCI1, Natl Status & Trends Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Commey, S.] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Kimbrough, KL (reprint author), NOAA N SCI1, Natl Status & Trends Program, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM kimani.kimbrough@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 12 BP 2289 EP 2296 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.009 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 700JU UT WOS:000285735700029 PM 21095405 ER PT J AU Reed, LA Pennington, PL Wirth, E AF Reed, Lou Ann Pennington, Paul L. Wirth, Edward TI A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of stone crabs (Menippe mercenaria) from South Carolina Coastal Waters SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Stone crab; Menippe mercenaria; South Carolina; Trace metals; Arsenic; Mercury ID ERIOCHEIR-SINENSIS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; TIDAL CREEK; BAY AB The stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) is an important component of the estuarine food web as both predator and prey. Stone crabs live in sediment, primarily consume oysters, and as a result, have the potential to accumulate significant quantities of pollutants including metals. In South Carolina, the stone crab is becoming a targeted fishery as an ecologically sustainable seafood choice. To date, no studies have reported metals in stone crab tissues. This study examined the distribution of major and minor trace elements in chelae and body muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas. Crabs were collected from three tidal areas within Charleston County, South Carolina, with differing upland use. Results were compared by collection location and by tissue type. Concentrations of some metals associated with anthropogenic activities were up to three times higher in crabs from sites adjacent to more urbanized areas. Concentrations in edible tissues were below historical FDA levels of concern. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Reed, Lou Ann; Wirth, Edward] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Pennington, Paul L.] JHT Inc NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Reed, LA (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. EM LouAnn.Reed@noaa.gov; Paul.Pennington@noaa.-gov; Ed.Wirth@noaa.gov FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Cooperative Fisheries Research Grants Project FX This study complements South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Cooperative Fisheries Research Grants Project, "Evaluation of the Viability of a Stone Crab Fishery in South Carolina Using a GIS". SC Dept. of Natural Resources is acknowledged for providing Experimental Permit EX09-0067 to allow collection of the stone crabs. The authors would like to thank commercial stone crab fisherman, Daniel K. Morey, for his expertise and assistance in the field collection of stone crabs. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 12 BP 2297 EP 2302 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.025 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 700JU UT WOS:000285735700030 PM 20970814 ER PT J AU Ripple, D AF Ripple, Dean TI The Wider World of Thermowells SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT News Item C1 [Ripple, Dean] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Sensing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ripple, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Sensing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 132 IS 12 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 686DC UT WOS:000284676000012 ER PT J AU Kumar, A AF Kumar, Arun TI On the assessment of the value of the seasonal forecast information SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE seasonal forecast; forecast application forecast value; economic value of seasonal forecasts ID CLIMATE FORECASTS; DECISION-MAKING; ECONOMIC VALUE; WEATHER FORECASTS; PREDICTION; AGRICULTURE; UTILITY; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; PRODUCT AB Seasonal climate forecasts are now routinely produced at many operational and research centres With the availability of the emerging technology of seasonal climate predictions for managing risks, however, it has proven difficult to quantify the value of seasonal climate forecasts in various applications The definition of the value in the context of the use of the Seasonal Forecast Information (SFI) is the net benefit a user (or society) incurs as a result of change in management practices in response to the availability of the SFI A review of the difficulties associated with the value assessment of the SFI is presented The paper includes a broad overview of pathways how the SFI is used by the various users and applications The discussion then summarizes difficulties associated with isolating the benefits of the use of the SFI leading to the current paradigm where the value assessments from the use of the SFI are hard to quantify Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 385 EP 392 DI 10.1002/met.167 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 701EJ UT WOS:000285796800001 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Li, XF Tao, WK AF Wang, Donghai Li, Xiaofan Tao, Wei-Kuo TI Torrential rainfall responses to radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SQUALL-LINE; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; STRATIFORM REGIONS; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; PRECIPITATION; ORGANIZATION; MESOSCALE AB Ice clouds are an important component in precipitation systems. The radiative processes of ice clouds directly impact radiation in heat budget and the microphysical processes of ice clouds directly affect latent heat and net condensation through deposition processes, which may eventually change surface rainfall. Thus, torrential rainfall responses to radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) are investigated with the analysis of sensitivity experiments. The two-dimensional cloud-resolving model is integrated for 3 days with imposed zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapor advection from NCEP/GDAS data. One sensitivity experiment excludes the radiative effects of ice clouds and the other sensitivity experiment excludes ice microphysics and associated radiative and microphysical processes. Model domain mean surface rain rate is barely changed by the exclusion of radiative effects of ice clouds due to the small decrease in net condensation associated with the small reduction in latent heat as a result of the offset between the increase in radiative cooling and the decrease in heat divergence. The exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds decreases the mean rain rate simply through the suppression of latent heat as a result of the removal of deposition processes. The total exclusion of ice microphysics decreases the mean rain rate mainly through the exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds. C1 [Wang, Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM d.wang@hotmail.com RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU State Key Basic Research Development Program [2009CB421504]; National Natural Science Foundation [40633016, 40875022, 40830958] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program (2009CB421504), and the National Natural Science Foundation under the Grant No. 40633016, 40875022 and 40830958. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 109 IS 3-4 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1007/s00703-010-0097-5 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680YB UT WOS:000284272300003 ER PT J AU Ravi, J Rakowska, PD Garfagnini, T Baron, B Charlet, P Jones, C Milev, S Lorenz, JD Plusquellic, D Wien, F Wu, L Meuse, C Knight, AE AF Ravi, Jascindra Rakowska, Paulina D. Garfagnini, Tommaso Baron, Bruno Charlet, Philippe Jones, Christopher Milev, Stoyan Lorenz, Julie DeSa Plusquellic, David Wien, Frank Wu, Liqing Meuse, CurtisW Knight, Alex E. TI International comparability in spectroscopic measurements of protein structure by circular dichroism: CCQM-P59.1 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; STANDARDIZATION; CALIBRATION; MAGNITUDE AB Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique that is widely used to obtain information about protein structure, and hence is an important tool with many applications, including the characterization of biopharmaceuticals. A previous inter-laboratory study, CCQM-P59, showed that there was a poor level of comparability between laboratories in CD spectroscopy. In a follow-up study reported here, we achieved our goal of demonstrating improved comparability and data quality, primarily by addressing the problems identified in the previous study, which included cell path-length measurement, instrument calibration and good practice in general. Multivariate analysis techniques (principal component analysis and soft independent modelling of class analogies) were shown to be useful in comparing large spectral data sets and in classifying spectra. However, our results also show that there is more work to be done to improve confidence in the technique as the discrepancies observed were partially due to systematic effects, which the statistical approaches do not consider. We therefore conclude that there is a need for an improved understanding of the uncertainties in CD measurement. C1 [Ravi, Jascindra; Rakowska, Paulina D.; Garfagnini, Tommaso; Knight, Alex E.] Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Baron, Bruno] CNRS, Inst Pasteur Plate Forme Biophys Macromol & Leurs, URA 2185, F-75015 Paris, France. [Charlet, Philippe] Lab Natl Essais, Paris, France. [Jones, Christopher] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Mol Struct Lab, S Mimms EN6 3QG, Herts, England. [Milev, Stoyan; Lorenz, Julie DeSa] Olis Inc, Bogart, GA USA. [Plusquellic, David] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wien, Frank] Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wu, Liqing] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Meuse, CurtisW] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knight, AE (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM alex.knight@npl.co.uk RI Knight, Alex/C-6041-2008; Wien, Frank/B-7846-2012 OI Knight, Alex/0000-0001-7302-1636; Wien, Frank/0000-0002-0752-8735 FU National Measurement Office FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the study participants, without whose efforts this study would not have been possible. They would also like to thank the members of the CCQM Bioanalysis Working Group for supporting the study and for their input and suggestions. This work was funded by the Chemical and Biological Metrology Programme of the National Measurement Office. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/6/001 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 691OC UT WOS:000285089700002 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Iyer, HK AF Wang, C. M. Iyer, Hari K. TI On multiple-method studies SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; VALUES AB In this paper we review statistical models that describe measurements from a multiple-method study such as in the development of a reference material. We also review requirements for the so-called GUM compliance, as this appears to be an important criterion for choosing a model and a method for assigning a value to a measurand of interest and calculating its uncertainty. For each modelling approach, we identify groups of competing methods and evaluate their status with respect to their statistical characteristics and GUM compliance. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 642 EP 645 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/6/002 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 691OC UT WOS:000285089700003 ER PT J AU Janowiak, JE Bauer, P Wang, WQ Arkin, PA Gottschalck, J AF Janowiak, John E. Bauer, Peter Wang, Wanqiu Arkin, Phillip A. Gottschalck, Jon TI An Evaluation of Precipitation Forecasts from Operational Models and Reanalyses Including Precipitation Variations Associated with MJO Activity SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ECMWF MODEL; ENSO; MODULATION; CONVECTION; VARIABILITY AB In this paper, the results of an examination of precipitation forecasts for 1-30-day leads from global models run at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) during November 2007 February 2008 are presented. The performance of the model precipitation forecasts are examined in global and regional contexts, and results of a case study of precipitation variations that are associated with a moderate to strong Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) event are presented. The precipitation forecasts from the ECMWF and NCEP operational prediction models have nearly identical temporal correlation with observed precipitation at forecast leads from 2 to 9 days over the Northern Hemisphere during the cool season, despite the higher resolution of the ECMWF operational model, while the ECMWF operational model forecasts are slightly better in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere during the warm season. The ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) precipitation forecasts perform only slightly worse than the NCEP operational model, while NCEP's Climate Forecast System low-resolution coupled model forecasts perform the worst among the four models. In terms of bias, the ECMWF operational model performs the best among the four model forecasts that were examined, particularly with respect to the ITCZ regions in both the Atlantic and Pacific. Local temporal correlations that were computed on daily precipitation totals for day-2 forecasts against observations indicate that the operational models at ECMWF and NCEP perform the best during the 4-month study period, and that all of the models have low to insignificant correlations over land and over much of the tropics. They perform the best in subtropical and extratropical oceanic regions. Also presented are results that show that striking improvements have been made over the past two decades in the ability of the models to represent precipitation variations that are associated with MJO. The model precipitation forecasts exhibit the ability to characterize the evolution of precipitation variations during a moderate strong period of MJO conditions for forecast leads as long as 10 days. C1 [Janowiak, John E.; Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bauer, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Wang, Wanqiu; Gottschalck, Jon] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Janowiak, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Suite 4001,Room 3031,5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM johnj@essic.umd.edu FU NOAA Climate Prediction Center through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites of the University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006] FX The ECMWF interim reanalysis was produced and kindly made available by Dick Dee (ECMWF) and his coworkers. Support for the first author (Janowiak) and one of the coauthors (Arkin) for this work was provided by the NOAA Climate Prediction Center through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites of the University of Maryland (Grant NA09NES4400006). NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 12 BP 4542 EP 4560 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3436.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702QR UT WOS:000285909700017 ER PT J AU Gruskin, Z AF Gruskin, Zachary TI Untitled Reply SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gruskin, Zachary] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gruskin, Zachary] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. RP Gruskin, Z (reprint author), 17350 SW 52 Ct, SW Ranches, FL 33331 USA. EM zachary.gruskin@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 138 IS 12 BP 4583 EP 4584 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3559.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702QR UT WOS:000285909700020 ER PT J AU Friedlingstein, P Houghton, RA Marland, G Hackler, J Boden, TA Conway, TJ Canadell, JG Raupach, MR Ciais, P Le Quere, C AF Friedlingstein, P. Houghton, R. A. Marland, G. Hackler, J. Boden, T. A. Conway, T. J. Canadell, J. G. Raupach, M. R. Ciais, P. Le Quere, C. TI Update on CO2 emissions SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SINKS C1 [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Houghton, R. A.; Hackler, J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Marland, G.; Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Canadell, J. G.; Raupach, M. R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Le Quere, C.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge BC3 0ET, England. RP Friedlingstein, P (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. EM p.friedlingstein@exeter.ac.uk RI Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 NR 10 TC 233 Z9 238 U1 10 U2 181 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 12 BP 811 EP 812 DI 10.1038/ngeo1022 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 687DO UT WOS:000284755800002 ER PT J AU Giorgetta, FR Coddington, I Baumann, E Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Giorgetta, F. R. Coddington, I. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. TI Fast high-resolution spectroscopy of dynamic continuous-wave laser sources SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIZER; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; FIBER LASER; COMB; GENERATOR; SPECTROMETRY; METROLOGY AB Time-resolved, high-accuracy and high-resolution spectroscopy of rapidly tuned continuous-wave lasers is critical to realizing their full potential for sensing, but is not possible with conventional spectrometers. We demonstrate a coherent dual-comb-based spectrometer capable of measuring continuous-wave optical waveforms at time resolutions of 30 mu s and 320 mu s over terahertz bandwidths. Within each time interval, the spectrometer returns the laser frequency spectrum with kilohertz absolute accuracy and time-bandwidth limited precision. Unlike etalon-based techniques, each measurement is independently calibrated, which allows for discontinuous source tuning between measurements and the characterization of arbitrary continuous-wave waveforms. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the technique, we measure a laser during a nonlinear scan over 28 nm, a laser step-scanned over a 42-nm span containing several molecular absorption lines, a mechanically perturbed laser, and two lasers tuned simultaneously. Our approach should enable optimized waveforms for sensing applications including multispecies gas detection(1-3), coherent laser radar(4-6) and optical metrology(7-9). C1 [Giorgetta, F. R.; Coddington, I.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fabrizio@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBNEP2-127797] FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). F.R.G. received support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) under grant no. PBNEP2-127797. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Z. Barber, A. Dienstfry, T. Fortier and F. Quinlan. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 4 IS 12 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2010.228 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 687CX UT WOS:000284753200016 ER PT J AU Ahrenholz, DW Smith, JW AF Ahrenholz, Dean W. Smith, Joseph W. TI Effect of Hang-in Percentage on Catch Rates of Flounder in the North Carolina Inshore Gill-Net Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-LUCIOPERCA L; SELECTIVITY; PIKEPERCH; LENGTH AB The effects of hang-in percentage (degree of tautness) on the catch efficiency of gill nets for paralichthine flounders in North Carolina were examined using monofilament gill nets with 5.75-in stretched mesh. Nets with hang-in percentages of 33% and 60% were fished in pairs and were separated by a single monofilament gill net of 5.50-in stretched mesh. Catches of the paired test nets were significantly different, with the catches obtained by the looser nets (60% hang-in) exceeding the catches in the more tightly hung nets (33% hang-in) by 37% in number of fish and 46% in estimated weight. Length-frequency distributions of the catch were not significantly different between the paired nets with different hang-in percentages. Length-frequency distributions of legal-sized fish taken in 5.50- and 5.75-in stretched-mesh nets were significantly different, with the smaller mesh size resulting in a smaller (left-shifted) length-frequency distribution. Thus, hang-in percentage can be manipulated to alter flounder harvest rates per unit of net, and small changes in mesh size can alter the size distribution of the catch. C1 [Ahrenholz, Dean W.; Smith, Joseph W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Ahrenholz, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM dean.ahrenholz@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1401 EP 1407 DI 10.1577/M10-127.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000006 ER PT J AU Roni, P Pess, G Beechie, T Morley, S AF Roni, Philip Pess, George Beechie, Tim Morley, Sarah TI Estimating Changes in Coho Salmon and Steelhead Abundance from Watershed Restoration: How Much Restoration Is Needed to Measurably Increase Smolt Production? SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; WESTERN WASHINGTON STREAMS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SIDE-CHANNELS; HABITAT USE; RIVER; OREGON; SURVIVAL; TROUT AB Using existing data from evaluations of habitat restoration, we estimated the average change in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead O. mykiss parr and smolt densities for common in-channel (culvert removal, large wood placement, boulder placement, and constructed logjams) and floodplain restoration techniques (constructed side channels and reconnected floodplain habitats). We then used these numbers and a Monte Carlo simulation to predict changes in fish numbers in a model watershed for two restoration scenarios: (1) restoration of all accessible habitat within the watershed and (2) restoration of the average amount historically implemented in Puget Sound watersheds (8% of total restorable areas). Mean increases in coho salmon parr or smolt density after restoration ranged from 0.19 to 2.32 parr/m for in-channel techniques and from 0.34 to 1.70 parr/m(2) for floodplain techniques. Increases in steelhead parr or smolt density ranged from -0.06 to 0.71 fish/m and from 0.03 to 0.06 fish/m(2) for in-channel and floodplain techniques, respectively. Under restoration scenario 1, the predicted mean increase in numbers was 1,459,254 (117%) and 285,302 (140%) for coho salmon parr and smolts and 93,965 (65%) and 28,001 (125%) for steelhead parr and smolts. Under scenario 2, the predicted mean increase in parr and smolts was 59,591 (5%) and 15,022 (7%) for coho salmon and 1,733 (1%) and 1,195 (5%) for steelhead. The percentage of floodplain and in-channel habitat that would have to be restored in the modeled watershed to detect a 25% increase in coho salmon and steelhead smolt production (the minimum level detectable by most monitoring programs) was 20%. However, given the large variability in fish response (changes in density or abundance) to restoration, 100% of the habitat would need to be restored to be 95% certain of achieving a 25% increase in smolt production for either species. Our study demonstrates that considerable restoration is needed to produce measurable changes in fish abundance at a watershed scale. C1 [Roni, Philip; Pess, George; Beechie, Tim; Morley, Sarah] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM phil.roni@noaa.gov FU NOAA Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund FX We thank Jeremy Davies for providing and summarizing data on habitat and stream lengths for Puget Sound watersheds, Brendan Sylvander for providing summaries from the NOAA Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund database, and Hiroo Imaki for creating the map of the Puget Sound basin. We also thank Martin Liermann, Ashley Steel, Tracy Collier, John Stein, Josh Latterell, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 57 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1469 EP 1484 DI 10.1577/M09-162.1 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 709EQ UT WOS:000286421000014 ER PT J AU Zeissler, CJ Lindstrom, AP AF Zeissler, C. J. Lindstrom, A. P. TI Spectral measurements of imaging plate backgrounds, alpha-particles and beta-particles SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Autoradiography; Background; BaFBr; Carbon 14; Cosmic rays; Imaging plate; Phosphor; Potassium 40; PSL; Radioluminography; Storage phosphors; Spectrometry ID RADIOACTIVITY DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT; MATERIAL-SURFACES; STORAGE PHOSPHOR; RADIATION AB Background radiation and radioactive sources have been measured with laser-scanned phosphor imaging plates using an Image processing method that produces spectra This enables distinction between ambient background radiation alpha and beta radionuclides and provides a means for quantitation The background counts span a broad spectral continuum whereas counts resulting from alpha and beta activity are restricted to certain regions within the background continuum spectrum The alpha-counting spectral region has a background count rate of <0 01 counts mm(-2) h(-1) The beta-counting region has a count rate of <1 count mm(-2) h(-1) One region of the background spectrum is attributed to heavy ions from cosmic rays and has a count rate of <1 count cm(-2) day(-1) With regard to imaging spectrometry beta-particles from (3)H (E(max)=0 0186 MeV) could be distinguished from higher energy beta-particles such as those from (14)C (E(max)=0 157 MeV) and (40)K (E(max)=1 33 MeV) Beta-particles can be distinguished from alpha-particles and radionuclide counts can be distinguished from the background The spectral characterization of the background alpha-particles and beta-particles is expected to support applications in cosmic ray heavy ion radionuclide and electron studies Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Zeissler, C. J.; Lindstrom, A. P.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeissler, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 1 PY 2010 VL 624 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 681IC UT WOS:000284303600012 ER PT J AU Bourassa, MA Gille, ST Jackson, DL Roberts, JB Wick, GA AF Bourassa, Mark A. Gille, Sarah T. Jackson, Darren L. Roberts, J. Brent Wick, Gary A. TI Ocean Winds and Turbulent Air-Sea Fluxes Inferred From Remote Sensing SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SAMPLING ERRORS; GLOBAL OCEANS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; VOS OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GAS TRANSFER AB Surface turbulent fluxes are key pathways through which the atmosphere is coupled with the ocean. They provide mechanisms through which momentum, energy, moisture, and materials such as CO2 are transferred between the ocean and atmosphere. Surface fluxes are also important players in vertical and horizontal transport in the atmosphere and the ocean. There have been attempts to estimate surface fluxes directly from satellite observations; however, they are typically calculated from observations of surface and near-surface variables. Recent improvements in the measurement of vector winds, air temperatures, and atmospheric humidities have all contributed to better estimation of surface fluxes from satellite observations. These advances are discussed in the context of applications, with examples from a tropical cyclone and a very strong mid-latitude storm. Proposed future systems that use improved instrumentation and collecate observations of winds, temperatures, and humidities will increase the accuracy beyond current capabilities. Targets for a variety of important climate-related processes are provided. C1 [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gille, Sarah T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberts, J. Brent] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Satellite Applicat Grp, Natl Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bourassa, MA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM bourassa@coaps.fsu.edu RI Gille, Sarah/B-3171-2012; Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015 OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866 NR 72 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 SI SI BP 36 EP 51 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 697DS UT WOS:000285493400008 ER PT J AU Yoder, JA Doney, SC Siegel, DA Wilson, C AF Yoder, James A. Doney, Scott C. Siegel, David A. Wilson, Cara TI Study of Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry Now and in the Future Examples of the Unique Contributions from Space SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-COLOR DATA; WARM-CORE RING; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; CARBON-CYCLE MODELS; SARGASSO SEA; MESOSCALE EDDIES; CARETTA-CARETTA; TIME-SERIES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB Ocean color remote sensing has profoundly influenced how oceanographers think about marine ecosystems and their variability in space and time. Satellite ocean color radiometry (OCR) provides a unique perspective for studying the processes regulating marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry at scales difficult to study with ships and moorings. Satellite OCR is especially useful when supported by other in situ and space observations. In this review, we highlight three areas related to marine ecosystems and biogeochemical processes to which satellite observations have made important and unique contributions understanding the responses of ocean ecosystems to physical processes operating at meso- to global scales, coupled physical-ecosystem-biogeochemical modeling and marine living resource management. C1 [Yoder, James A.; Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wilson, Cara] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. EM jyoder@whoi.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 FU NASA; NOAA FX The authors are grateful for financial assistance from NASA, NOAA, and their respective home institutions. We thank those who helped with the figures for the manuscript including M. Behrenfeld, G. Feldman, N. Kuring, and I. Lima. Comments from two reviewers led to significant improvements to the manuscript. NR 104 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 SI SI BP 104 EP 117 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 697DS UT WOS:000285493400013 ER PT J AU Eakin, CM Nim, CJ Brainard, RE Aubrecht, C Elvidge, C Gledhill, DK Muller-Karger, F Mumby, PJ Skirving, WJ Strong, AE Wang, MH Weeks, S Wentz, F Ziskin, D AF Eakin, C. Mark Nim, Carl J. Brainard, Russell E. Aubrecht, Christoph Elvidge, Chris Gledhill, Dwight K. Muller-Karger, Frank Mumby, Peter J. Skirving, William J. Strong, Alan E. Wang, Menghua Weeks, Scarla Wentz, Frank Ziskin, Daniel TI Monitoring Coral Reefs from Space SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IKONOS IMAGERY; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM AB Coral reefs are one of the worlds's most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems. However, these valuable resources are highly threatened by human activities. Satellite remotely sensed observations enhance our understanding of coral reefs and some of the threats facing them by providing global spatial and time-series data on reef habitats and the environmental conditions influencing them in near-real time. This review highlights many of the ways in which satellites are currently used to monitor coral reefs and their threats, and provides a look toward future needs and capabilities. C1 [Eakin, C. Mark; Strong, Alan E.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Nim, Carl J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI USA. [Aubrecht, Christoph] Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria. [Elvidge, Chris] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO USA. [Gledhill, Dwight K.] NOAA Off Ocean & Atmospher Res OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Skirving, William J.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Kirwan, Qld, Australia. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Weeks, Scarla] Univ Queensland, Ctr Spatial Environm Res, Brisbane St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Wentz, Frank] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Ziskin, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM mark.eakin@noaa.gov RI Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Aubrecht, Christoph/K-1821-2012; Weeks, Scarla/E-8632-2013; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Weeks, Scarla/0000-0002-0579-7069; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Australian Research Council; World Bank/Global Environment Facility FX Thanks to the many colleagues and collaborators who have contributed to the development of satellite remote-sensing technology and its application to coral reef ecosystems. In particular, we thank Serge Andrefouet and additional reviewers for their thoughtful evaluation of manuscripts. We are also grateful to the funding agencies and organizations that have supported the work, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Australian Research Council, and the World Bank/Global Environment Facility. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US government. NR 106 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 19 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2010 VL 23 IS 4 SI SI BP 118 EP 133 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 697DS UT WOS:000285493400014 ER PT J AU Bornemann, F Clarkson, P Deift, P Edelman, A Its, A Lozier, D AF Bornemann, Folkmar Clarkson, Peter Deift, Percy Edelman, Alan Its, Alexander Lozier, Daniel TI Painleve Project on the Web SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bornemann, Folkmar] Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Clarkson, Peter] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. [Deift, Percy] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY USA. [Edelman, Alan] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Its, Alexander] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Lozier, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bornemann, F (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. EM p.a.clarkson@kent.ac.uk RI Its , Alexander/M-8747-2015 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD DEC PY 2010 VL 63 IS 12 SI SI BP 10 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3529392 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 692BL UT WOS:000285126400005 ER PT J AU Delabie, E Brix, M Giroud, C Jaspers, RJE Marchuk, O O'Mullane, MG Ralchenko, Y Surrey, E von Hellermann, MG Zastrow, KD AF Delabie, E. Brix, M. Giroud, C. Jaspers, R. J. E. Marchuk, O. O'Mullane, M. G. Ralchenko, Yu Surrey, E. von Hellermann, M. G. Zastrow, K. D. CA Contributors, JE TI Consistency of atomic data for the interpretation of beam emission spectra SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID PROTON-HYDROGEN COLLISIONS; 1ST EXCITED-STATE; FUSION PLASMAS; POWER FRACTIONS; BARE IONS; IONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEXTOR; TOKAMAK; RECOMBINATION AB Several collisional-radiative (CR) models (Anderson et al 2000 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 42 781-806, Hutchinson 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 71-82, Marchuk et al 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 10F532) have been developed to calculate the attenuation and the population of excited states of hydrogen or deuterium beams injected into tokamak plasmas. The datasets generated by these CR models are needed for the modelling of beam ion deposition and (excited) beam densities in current experiments, and the reliability of these data will be crucial to obtain helium ash densities on ITER combining charge exchange and beam emission spectroscopy. Good agreement between the different CR models for the neutral beam (NB) is found, if corrections to the fundamental cross sections are taken into account. First the H(alpha) and H(beta) beam emission spectra from JET are compared with the expected intensities. Second, the line ratios within the Stark multiplet are compared with the predictions of a sublevel resolved model. The measured intensity of the full multiplet is approximate to 30% lower than expected on the basis of beam attenuation codes and the updated beam emission rates, but apart from the atomic data this could also be due to the characterization of the NB path and line of sight integration and the absolute calibration of the optics. The modelled n = 3 to n = 4 population agrees very well with the ratio of the measured H(alpha) to H(beta) beam emission intensities. C1 [Brix, M.; Giroud, C.; Surrey, E.; Zastrow, K. D.] EURATOM CCFE Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Jaspers, R. J. E.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Marchuk, O.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Assoc EURATOM FZJ, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [O'Mullane, M. G.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Delabie, E.; von Hellermann, M. G.] EURATOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. JET EFDA Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Delabie, E (reprint author), EURATOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. EM e.delabie@fz-juelich.de RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Delabie, Ephrem/0000-0001-9834-874X FU EURATOM FX This work was supported by EURATOM and carried out within the framework of the European Fusion Development Agreement. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD DEC PY 2010 VL 52 IS 12 AR 125008 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/125008 PN 1 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 743YS UT WOS:000289056900009 ER PT J AU Antonucci, JM Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, Joseph M. Skrtic, Drago TI Fine-Tuning of Polymeric Resins and their Interfaces with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. A Strategy for Designing Effective Remineralizing Dental Composites SO POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; amorphous calcium phosphate; degree of vinyl conversion; mechanical strength; methacrylate monomers; polymerization; structure-property relationship; water sorption AB For over a decade our group has been designing, preparing and evaluating bioactive, remineralizing composites based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fillers embedded in polymerized methacrylate resin matrices. In these studies a major focus has been on exploring structure-property relationships of the matrix phase of these composites on their anti-cariogenic potential. The main challenges were to gain a better understanding of polymer matrix/filler interfacial properties through controlling the surface properties of the fillers or through fine-tuning of the resin matrix. In this work, we describe the effect of chemical structure and composition of the resin matrices on some of the critical physicochemical properties of the copolymers and their ACP composites. Such structure-property studies are essential in formulating clinically effective products, and this knowledge base is likely to have strong impact on the future design of therapeutic materials, appropriate for mineral restoration in defective tooth structures. C1 [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.antonucci@nist.gov; drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [DE 13169]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; American Dental Association Foundation FX Reported work was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR grant DE 13169), National Institute of Standards and Technology and American Dental Association Foundation. Generous contribution of the monomers utilized in this study from Esstech, Essington, PA, USA is gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4360 J9 POLYMERS-BASEL JI Polymers PD DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 4 BP 378 EP 392 DI 10.3390/polym2040378 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA V27GH UT WOS:000208601200002 PM 21283507 ER PT J AU Bunk, DM AF Bunk, David M. TI Design considerations for proteomic reference materials SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Accuracy; Animal proteomics; Comparability; Reference materials ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS; PROTEINS; PERFORMANCE AB In order to Improve the repeatability comparabihty and accuracy of MS based proteomic measurements there has been considerable international effort to develop appropriate reference materials Although the majority of reference materials are developed to support measurement quality of routine assays the development of reference materials for a diverse and changing research field such as proteomics represents unique challenges In order to define common measurement components and common features of typical proteomic samples, the metrology underpinning proteomics must be considered due to the diversity and changing nature of the field Reference materials can then be designed around common aspects in order to produce reference materials with the broadest applicability Reference materials are needed to support both qualitative and quantitative proteomic measurements, involving different design considerations Consensus and validated statistical approaches to describe the confidence in qualitative measurement such as protein identification needs to be established Common sources of measurement bias also need to be considered in proteomic reference material design C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bunk, DM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 23 BP 4220 EP 4225 DI 10.1002/pmic.201000242 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 701VK UT WOS:000285851900009 PM 21046617 ER PT J AU Resch-Genger, U Derose, PC AF Resch-Genger, Ute Derose, Paul C. TI Fluorescence standards: Classification, terminology, and recommendations on their selection, use, and production (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chromophore-based fluorescence standards; fluorometric quantities; IUPAC Analytical Chemistry Division; IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; photoluminescence; standards ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS; SPECTRAL CORRECTION STANDARD; ION-DOPED GLASS; SILICON PHOTODIODES; TRAP DETECTORS; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUOROMETRY; INTENSITY; UNITS AB Chromophore-based fluorescence standards for the characterization of photoluminescence measuring systems and the determination of relevant fluorometric quantities are classified according to their scope and area of application. General and type-specific requirements for suitable standards are derived for each class of standards. Metrological requirements linked to the realization of comparable measurements are addressed and recommendations on selecting, using, and developing fluorescence standards are given. C1 [Resch-Genger, Ute] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Derose, Paul C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Resch-Genger, U (reprint author), BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Richard Willstaetter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. EM ute.resch@bam.de; paul.derose@nist.gov RI Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009 OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115 FU IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; IUPAC Analytical Chemistry Division, Subcommittee on Photochemistry FX Sponsoring bodies: IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; IUPAC Analytical Chemistry Division, Subcommittee on Photochemistry: see more details on p. 2328. NR 119 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 27 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 82 IS 12 BP 2315 EP 2335 DI 10.1351/PAC-REP-09-09-02 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 720FB UT WOS:000287264800006 ER PT J AU Takahashi, KI Terakado, R Nakamura, J Adachi, Y Elvidge, CD Matsuno, Y AF Takahashi, Kazue Ichino Terakado, Ryutaro Nakamura, Jiro Adachi, Yoshihiro Elvidge, Christopher D. Matsuno, Yasunari TI In-use stock analysis using satellite nighttime light observation data SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE Material stock; Nighttime light; Remote sensing; Time series analysis ID SUBSTANCE FLOW-ANALYSIS; EUROPEAN COPPER CYCLE; BOTTOM-UP; JAPAN; STEEL; POPULATION; ALUMINUM; NICKEL; SYSTEM AB Nighttime light observation data are considered an economic indicator because of their strong correlation with such aspects of human activity as population, gross domestic product (GDP) and electricity consumption. We are developing an in-use stock analysis method that uses nighttime light observation data. In this study, we developed new sets of data for 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2006 with which to analyze temporal changes. The relationship between the in-use stock of copper and the net amount of nighttime light were correlated. The result shows that this analysis method can be used for evaluating the in-use stock in an area where statistical data are incomplete. We used the approach to estimate the in-use stocks of copper in Asian countries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Kazue Ichino; Terakado, Ryutaro; Adachi, Yoshihiro; Matsuno, Yasunari] Univ Tokyo, Dept Mat Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Takahashi, Kazue Ichino; Nakamura, Jiro] NTT Corp, NTT Energy & Environm Syst Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Takahashi, KI (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Mat Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM ktaka@aecl.ntt.co.jp RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 EI 1879-0658 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.09.008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699JG UT WOS:000285659100013 ER PT J AU Song, YJ Otte, AF Shvarts, V Zhao, ZY Kuk, Y Blankenship, SR Band, A Hess, FM Stroscio, JA AF Song, Young Jae Otte, Alexander F. Shvarts, Vladimir Zhao, Zuyu Kuk, Young Blankenship, Steven R. Band, Alan Hess, Frank M. Stroscio, Joseph A. TI Invited Review Article: A 10 mK scanning probe microscopy facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Review ID MOLECULE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; MILLIKELVIN TEMPERATURES; DILUTION REFRIGERATOR; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-ATOM AB We describe the design, development and performance of a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) facility operating at a base temperature of 10 mK in magnetic fields up to 15 T. The microscope is cooled by a custom designed, fully ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible dilution refrigerator (DR) and is capable of in situ tip and sample exchange. Subpicometer stability at the tip-sample junction is achieved through three independent vibration isolation stages and careful design of the dilution refrigerator. The system can be connected to, or disconnected from, a network of interconnected auxiliary UHV chambers, which include growth chambers for metal and semiconductor samples, a field-ion microscope for tip characterization, and a fully independent additional quick access low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) system. To characterize the system, we present the cooling performance of the DR, vibrational, tunneling current, and tip-sample displacement noise measurements. In addition, we show the spectral resolution capabilities with tunneling spectroscopy results obtained on an epitaxial graphene sample resolving the quantum Landau levels in a magnetic field, including the sublevels corresponding to the lifting of the electron spin and valley degeneracies. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3520482] C1 [Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.; Blankenship, Steven R.; Band, Alan; Hess, Frank M.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shvarts, Vladimir; Zhao, Zuyu] Janis Res Co Inc, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. [Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP Song, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov RI Otte, Sander/A-4838-2013; Song, Young Jae/A-5422-2013 OI Otte, Sander/0000-0003-0781-8537; Song, Young Jae/0000-0001-6172-3817 FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-214-C00022] FX We thank P.N. First for a careful reading of the manuscript, B. Baker, H. Hug, D.M. Eigler, A.J. Heinrich, and E. W. Hudson for useful discussions on SPM and cryogenics, P. Heiland for insight into vibrational isolation solutions, N. Levy and T. Matsui for their help in the Cu2N experiments, J. Welker for his help with the quick-access STM/AFM, W.A. deHeer for supplying the epitaxial graphene samples, and G. Rutter, D. Rutter, and G. Holland for their help in this project. This work was supported in part by: the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-214-C00022). NR 123 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 96 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 81 IS 12 AR 121101 DI 10.1063/1.3520482 PG 33 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 700UW UT WOS:000285770800001 PM 21198007 ER PT J AU Williams, K Towler, R Wilson, C AF Williams, Kresimir Towler, Richard Wilson, Christopher TI Cam-Trawl: A Combination Trawl And Stereo-Camera System SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Williams, Kresimir; Towler, Richard; Wilson, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Midwater Assessment & Conservat Engn Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Williams, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Midwater Assessment & Conservat Engn Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. FU NMFS's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group FX This project was made possible through funds from NMFS's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group. The assistance from colleagues Scott McEntire and Craig Rose is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also indebted to the officers and crews of NOAA ships Oscar Dyson and Bell Shimada for their support in the field. Dr. Dezhang Chu and Larry Hufnagle of Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) generously provided Shimada vessel time for field tests and the acoustics data. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 701KF UT WOS:000285816100007 ER PT J AU Parker, B AF Parker, Bruce TI How Can We Make the Public Aware of the Importance of Sea Technology? SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Parker, Bruce] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Parker, B (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Maritime Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 51 IS 12 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 701KF UT WOS:000285816100010 ER PT J AU Hacker, CA AF Hacker, Christina A. TI Modifying electronic properties at the silicon-molecule interface using atomic tethers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Molecular electronics; Silicon hybrid; Photoemission spectroscopy; Aliphatic monolayers; Interface band diagram; Band bending; Interface dipole ID TERMINATED SI(111) SURFACE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CURRENT TRANSPORT; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; POLAR-MOLECULES; JUNCTIONS; DEVICES; METAL; FILMS; SI AB The electronic properties at the semiconductor-molecule interface can be altered by changing the nature of covalent attachment We examine the change in work function of the silicon surface after formation of Si-O-C Si-C-C and Si-S-C bonded alkyl monolayers and separate charge transfer and dipolar contributions The chemical state monolayer structure and electronic properties of aliphatic monolayers with oxygen carbon and sulfur covalent linkages to the Si (111) surface were investigated with contact angle wetting spectroscopic ellipsometry infrared vibrational spectroscopy X ray photoemission spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy Vibrational spectra indicate aliphatic films tethered to Si with few gauche defects in agreement with hydrophobic contact angles and ellipsometric thickness measurements Core level electronic spectra taken as a function of semiconductor doping reveal shifts in binding energy attributed to molecular bonding Valence band spectra reveal the work function of the molecule-Si composite as a function of semiconductor doping and atomic tether By combining valence band spectra with core level spectra the electronic properties of the molecule-Si system can be understood In particular the relative contribution of charge transfer due to surface band bending and the polarization due to molecular dipoles were determined The O C and S atomic tethers induce differing amounts of band bending and interface dipoles which can be utilized to engineer the electronic properties of molecule-semiconductor Junctions (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs FX We wish to thank Dr Christopher D Zangmeister for help with UPS experimental setup and Dr Curt A Richter for technical assistance This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 54 IS 12 BP 1657 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2010.06.012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 677GV UT WOS:000283978000031 ER PT J AU Voisin, N Schaake, JC Lettenmaier, DP AF Voisin, Nathalie Schaake, John C. Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Calibration and Downscaling Methods for Quantitative Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FLOOD MONITORING-SYSTEM; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; UNITED-STATES; ANALYSIS TMPA; FIELDS; MODEL; PREDICTION; STREAMFLOW; BASIN AB Two approaches for downscaling and calibrating error estimates from ensemble precipitation forecasts are evaluated; the two methods are intended to be used to produce flood forecasts based on global weather forecasts in ungauged river basins. The focus of this study is on the ability of the approaches to reproduce observed forecast errors when applied to daily precipitation forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) for a 10-day forecast period. The two approaches are bias correction with spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and an analog technique. Mean forecast errors and skills are evaluated with respect to Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) observations over the Ohio River basin for the period 2002-06 for daily and 5-day accumulations and for 0.25 degrees and 1 degrees spatial resolutions. The Ohio River basin was chosen so that a relatively dense gauge-based observed precipitation dataset could also be used in the evaluation of the two approaches. Neither the BCSD nor the analog approach is able to improve on the forecast prediction skill resulting from a simple spatial interpolation benchmark. However, both approaches improve the forecast reliability, although more so for the analog approach. The BCSD method improves the bias for all forecast amounts (but less so for large amounts), but the downscaled precipitation patterns are unrealistic. The analog approach reduces biases over a wider range of forecast amounts, and the precipitation patterns are more realistic. C1 [Voisin, Nathalie; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schaake, John C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Voisin, N (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM voisin@uw.edu RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Voisin, Nathalie/D-8845-2014; OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Voisin, Nathalie/0000-0002-6848-449X FU [NA070AR4310210]; [NA08OAR4320899] FX The research reported upon herein was supported in part by Grants NA070AR4310210 and NA08OAR4320899 for NOAA's Climate Prediction Program for the Americas. The authors wish to thank the ECMWF, for providing access to their precipitation analyses and EPS forecasts datasets, and Philippe Bougeault, Roberto Buizza, and Florian Pappenberger of ECMWF, for their assistance. Thanks are also due to Qiuhong Tang of the University of Washington for extending the Maurer et al. (2002) dataset. We thank an anonymous reviewer, whose comments led to additional analyses that we believe strengthened the paper. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1603 EP 1627 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222367.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702AS UT WOS:000285867000002 ER PT J AU Buckingham, C Marchok, T Ginis, I Rothstein, L Rowe, D AF Buckingham, Christian Marchok, Timothy Ginis, Isaac Rothstein, Lewis Rowe, Dail TI Short- and Medium-Range Prediction of Tropical and Transitioning Cyclone Tracks within the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecasting System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID CONSENSUS; CHALLENGES; MODELS; ERRORS; ECMWF AB The NCEP Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS) is examined in its ability to predict tropical cyclone and extratropical transition (ET) positions. Forecast and observed tracks are compared in Atlantic and western North Pacific basins for 2006-08, and the accuracy and consistency of the ensemble are examined out to 8 days. Accuracy is quantified by the average absolute and along-and cross-track errors of the ensemble mean. Consistency is evaluated through the use of dispersion diagrams, missing rate error, and probability within spread. Homogeneous comparisons are made with the NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS). The average absolute track error of the GEFS mean increases linearly at a rate of 50 n mi day(-1) [where 1 nautical mile (n mi) 5 1.852 km] at early lead times in the Atlantic, increasing to 150 n mi day(-1) at 144 h (100 n mi day(-1) when excluding ET tracks). This trend is 60 n mi day(-1) at early lead times in the western North Pacific, increasing to 150 n mi day(-1) at longer lead times (130 n mi day(-1) when excluding ET tracks). At long lead times, forecasts illustrate left- and right-of-track biases in Atlantic and western North Pacific basins, respectively; bias is reduced (increased) in the Atlantic (western North Pacific) when excluding ET tracks. All forecasts were found to lag behind observed cyclones, on average. The GEFS has good dispersion characteristics in the Atlantic and is underdispersive in the western North Pacific. Homogeneous comparisons suggest that the ensemble mean has value relative to the GFS beyond 96 h in the Atlantic and less value in the western North Pacific; a larger sample size is needed before conclusions can be made. C1 [Buckingham, Christian; Ginis, Isaac; Rothstein, Lewis] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Marchok, Timothy] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Rowe, Dail] WeatherPredict Consulting Inc, Narragansett, RI USA. RP Buckingham, C (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM cbuckingham@gso.uri.edu RI Buckingham, Christian/K-2268-2014 OI Buckingham, Christian/0000-0001-9355-9038 FU Weather Predict Consulting, Inc. FX We thank Zoltan Toth, Dick Wobus, Yuejian Zhu, Edward Fukada, James Franklin, Buck Sampson, Rich Yablonsky, Chris Sisko, Max Mayfield, Dave Hebert, and Dave Ullman for helpful discussions during the course of this study. Particular thanks are given to three anonymous reviewers who significantly improved the content of the manuscript. This research was supported by a grant from Weather Predict Consulting, Inc., an affiliate of RenaissanceRe. IG and TM are grateful for additional support provided by NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP). NR 29 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1736 EP 1754 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222398.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702AS UT WOS:000285867000008 ER PT J AU Zhang, FQ Weng, YH Kuo, YH Whitaker, JS Xie, BG AF Zhang, Fuqing Weng, Yonghui Kuo, Ying-Hwa Whitaker, Jeffery S. Xie, Baoguo TI Predicting Typhoon Morakot's Catastrophic Rainfall with a Convection-Permitting Mesoscale Ensemble System SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MOIST CONVECTION; PREDICTABILITY; SIMULATION; TAIWAN AB This study examines the prediction and predictability of the recent catastrophic rainfall and flooding event over Taiwan induced by Typhoon Morakot (2009) with a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model. A high-resolution convection-permitting mesoscale ensemble, initialized with analysis and flow-dependent perturbations obtained from a real-time global ensemble data assimilation system, is found to be able to predict this record-breaking rainfall event, producing probability forecasts potentially valuable to the emergency management decision makers and the general public. Since all the advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques used here are readily available for real-time operational implementation provided sufficient computing resources are made available, this study demonstrates the potential and need of using ensemble-based analysis and forecasting, along with enhanced computing, in predicting extreme weather events like Typhoon Morakot at operational centers. C1 [Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Whitaker, Jeffery S.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Xie, Baoguo] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM fzhang@psu.edu RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010 OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985 FU NOAA; Office of Naval Research [N000140410471, N000140910526]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0840651] FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP), Office of Naval Research Grants N000140410471 and N000140910526, and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0840651. The computing for this study was performed at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Thanks are due to Bob Gall and Fred Toepfer for suggesting the color-coding scheme used in Fig. 2. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1816 EP 1825 DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222414.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 702AS UT WOS:000285867000012 ER PT J AU Weinstein, MP Litvin, SY Guida, VG AF Weinstein, Michael P. Litvin, Steven Y. Guida, Vincent G. TI Stable Isotope and Biochemical Composition of White Perch in a Phragmites Dominated Salt Marsh and Adjacent Waters SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Biochemical condition; Habitat comparisons; Trophodynamics ID CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; WEAKFISH CYNOSCION-REGALIS; HUDSON RIVER ESTUARY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; WINTER MORTALITY; FRESH-WATER; LIPID CLASS; FISHES AB Tissue stable isotopes and biochemical condition were compared in two populations of white perch, Morone americana, residing in a Phragmites australis-dominated tidal salt marsh and adjacent open waters of Haverstraw Bay, in the Hudson River estuary, USA. As reported previously for other taxa in this system, stable isotope composition of M. americana was influenced by the dominant vegetation present, in this case a near monoculture of P. australis and other C(3) vegetation, mainly deciduous trees, that lined the immediate upland shoreline of the marsh. However, all three stable isotopes, delta(13)C, delta(15)N, and delta(34)S, differed significantly between the two populations, with all three parameters displaying enrichment in the open water collections. Both fish populations exhibited the expected allometric relationships among mass components (total protein, total lipids, dry weight) but energy reserves in the form of triacylglycerols and total lipids were significantly greater in the Haverstraw Bay population. These results were interpreted to not only be a function of fish size but also to originate from differences in habitat quality at the two locations. C1 [Weinstein, Michael P.] Montclair State Univ, PSEG Inst Sustainabil Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. [Litvin, Steven Y.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Guida, Vincent G.] NOAA, Howard Lab, NEFSC, NMFS, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Weinstein, MP (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, PSEG Inst Sustainabil Studies, 1 Normal Ave,Mallory Hall,116E, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA. EM weinsteinmi@mail.montclair.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [X7-97280601] FX We thank G. Sobotka for assistance in the laboratory, and P. Rowe, A. Avizius, and S. Strauss for their help in the field. This study was supported by United States Environmental Protection Agency, grant no. X7-97280601, and is posted as contribution # ISS 2010-0025, Institute for Sustainability Studies, Montclair State University. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1191 DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0102-2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691QH UT WOS:000285095400017 ER PT J AU Bergamaschi, P Krol, M Meirink, JF Dentener, F Segers, A van Aardenne, J Monni, S Vermeulen, AT Schmidt, M Ramonet, M Yver, C Meinhardt, F Nisbet, EG Fisher, RE O'Doherty, S Dlugokencky, EJ AF Bergamaschi, P. Krol, M. Meirink, J. F. Dentener, F. Segers, A. van Aardenne, J. Monni, S. Vermeulen, A. T. Schmidt, M. Ramonet, M. Yver, C. Meinhardt, F. Nisbet, E. G. Fisher, R. E. O'Doherty, S. Dlugokencky, E. J. TI Inverse modeling of European CH4 emissions 2001-2006 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GREENHOUSE GASES; TRANSPORT; HISTORY; TM5; CO2; OH AB European CH4 emissions are estimated for the period 2001-2006 using a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) inverse modeling system, based on the atmospheric zoom model TM5. Continuous observations are used from various European monitoring stations, complemented by European and global flask samples from the NOAA/ESRL network. The available observations mainly provide information on the emissions from northwest Europe (NWE), including the UK, Ireland, the BENELUX countries, France and Germany. The inverse modeling estimates for the total anthropogenic emissions from NWE are 21% higher compared to the EDGARv4.0 emission inventory and 40% higher than values reported to U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Assuming overall uncertainties on the order of 30% for both bottom-up and top-down estimates, all three estimates can be still considered to be consistent with each other. However, the uncertainties in the uncertainty estimates prevent us from verifying (or falsifying) the bottom-up inventories in a strict sense. Sensitivity studies show some dependence of the derived spatial emission patterns on the set of atmospheric monitoring stations used, but the total emissions for the NWE countries appear to be relatively robust. While the standard inversions include a priori information on the spatial and temporal emission patterns from bottom-up inventories, a further sensitivity inversion without this a priori information results in very similar NWE country totals, demonstrating that the available observations provide significant constraints on the emissions from the NWE countries independent from bottom-up inventories. C1 [Bergamaschi, P.; Dentener, F.; Segers, A.; van Aardenne, J.; Monni, S.] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nisbet, E. G.; Fisher, R. E.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Krol, M.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 Utrecht, Netherlands. [Meinhardt, F.] Umweltbundesamt, D-79199 Kirchzarten, Germany. [Meirink, J. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Climate & Seismol Dept, NL-3732 GK De Bilt, Netherlands. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Schmidt, M.; Ramonet, M.; Yver, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, Dept Biomass Coal & Environm, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Bergamaschi, P (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM peter.bergamaschi@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015 OI Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787 NR 42 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D22309 DI 10.1029/2010JD014180 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690PL UT WOS:000285016600003 ER PT J AU Wanninkhof, R Doney, SC Bullister, JL Levine, NM Warner, M Gruber, N AF Wanninkhof, Rik Doney, Scott C. Bullister, John L. Levine, Naomi M. Warner, Mark Gruber, Nicolas TI Detecting anthropogenic CO2 changes in the interior Atlantic Ocean between 1989 and 2005 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST 2 DECADES; CARBON-CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; REDFIELD RATIOS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; TROCA APPROACH; STATION ALOHA AB Repeat observations along the meridional Atlantic section A16 from Iceland to 56 degrees S show substantial changes in the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the ocean between occupations from 1989 through 2005. The changes correspond to the expected increase in DIC driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, but the Delta DIC is more varied and larger, in some locations, than can be explained solely by this process. Concomitant large changes in oxygen (O-2) suggest that processes acting on the natural carbon cycle also contribute to Delta DIC. Precise partial pressure of CO2 measurements suggest small but systematic increases in the bottom waters. To isolate the anthropogenic CO2 component (Delta C-anthro) from Delta DIC, an extended multilinear regression approach is applied along isopycnal surfaces. This yields an average depth-integrated Delta C-anthro of 0.53 +/- 0.05 mol m(-2) yr(-1) with maximum values in the temperate zones of both hemispheres and a minimum in the tropical Atlantic. A higher decadal increase in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory is found for the South Atlantic compared to the North Atlantic. This anthropogenic CO2 accumulation pattern is opposite to that seen for the entire Anthropocene up to the 1990s. This change could perhaps be a consequence of the reduced downward transport of anthropogenic CO2 in the North Atlantic due to recent climate variability. Extrapolating the results for this section to the entire Atlantic basin (63 degrees N to 56 degrees S) yields an uptake of 5 +/- 1 Pg C decade(-1), which corresponds to about 25% of the annual global ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 during this period. C1 [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Ocean Climate Res Div, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Doney, Scott C.; Levine, Naomi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gruber, Nicolas] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Levine, Naomi M.] Harvard Univ, OEB Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Warner, Mark] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rik.wanninkhof@yahoo.com; sdoney@whoi.edu; john.l.bullister@noaa.gov; nlevine@oeb.harvard.edu; warner@u.washington.edu; nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437 FU Physical and chemical oceanography divisions of the National Science Foundation; Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of NOAA; NOAA [NOAA-NA07OAR4310098]; ETH Zurich FX The success and high data quality of the hydrographic cruises described are attributed to the dedication, professionalism, and skills of a multitude of seagoing personnel, crew, and officers of the UNOLS and NOAA research vessels. Their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. The CLIVAR/CO2 cruises are cosponsored by the physical and chemical oceanography divisions of the National Science Foundation and the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of NOAA. Support from the program managers involved is greatly appreciated. We also acknowledge a grant from NOAA (NOAA-NA07OAR4310098), which supported part of the postcruise data analysis contributing to this manuscript. N. G. also acknowledges support from ETH Zurich. We appreciate the efforts of two anonymous reviewers who provided substantial comments that improved the manuscript. We wish to thank Gail Derr of AOML for copy editing and providing the camera ready manuscript. NR 96 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C11028 DI 10.1029/2010JC006251 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 690QJ UT WOS:000285019000001 ER PT J AU Willis, RT Becerra, FE Orozco, LA Rolston, SL AF Willis, R. T. Becerra, F. E. Orozco, L. A. Rolston, S. L. TI Correlated photon pairs generated from a warm atomic ensemble SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; SINGLE PHOTONS; ENTANGLEMENT; OPTICS; LIGHT AB We present measurements of the cross-correlation function of photon pairs at 780 and 1367 nm, generated in a hot rubidium vapor cell. The temporal character of the biphoton is determined by the dispersive properties of the medium where the pair generation takes place. We show that short correlation times occur for optically thick samples, which can be understood in terms of off-resonant pair generation. By modifying the linear response of the sample, we produce near-resonant photon pairs, which could in principle be used for entanglement distribution. C1 [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Becerra, F. E.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. RP Willis, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU NSF; DURIP; CONACYT FX The authors would like to thank Alan Migdall's group at NIST for their loan of the InGaAs APD. This work was supported by the NSF, DURIP, and CONACYT. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 30 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 053842 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053842 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 713HW UT WOS:000286728700022 ER PT J AU Yang, JK Boriskina, SV Noh, H Rooks, MJ Solomon, GS Dal Negro, L Cao, H AF Yang, Jin-Kyu Boriskina, Svetlana V. Noh, Heeso Rooks, Michael J. Solomon, Glenn S. Dal Negro, Luca Cao, Hui TI Demonstration of laser action in a pseudorandom medium SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; MICROCAVITY LASERS; LOCALIZATION; MULTILAYERS; MODES; GAPS AB We demonstrated lasing in localized optical resonances of deterministic aperiodic structures with pseudorandom morphologies. The localized lasing modes in two-dimensional arrays of air nanoholes in GaAs membranes occur at reproducible spatial locations, and their frequencies are only slightly affected by the structural fluctuations in different samples. A numerical study on the resonances of the passive systems and optical imaging of lasing modes enabled us to interpret the observed lasing behavior in terms of distinctive localized resonances in the two-dimensional pseudorandom structures. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3519844] C1 [Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yang, Jin-Kyu; Noh, Heeso; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dal Negro, L (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM dalnegro@bu.edu; hui.cao@yale.edu RI Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012; Boriskina, Svetlana/P-9396-2016 OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109; Boriskina, Svetlana/0000-0001-6798-8082 FU NSF [DMR-0808937, ECCS-0846651]; U.S. Air Force [FA9550-10-1-0019]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge inspiring discussions with Professor Douglas Stone and Professor Eric Akkermans. This work was partially supported by the NSF (Grant No. DMR-0808937), the U.S. Air Force (Award No. FA9550-10-1-0019), and the NSF Career (Award No. ECCS-0846651). A part of sample fabrication was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 22 AR 223101 DI 10.1063/1.3519844 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 689XT UT WOS:000284965000062 ER PT J AU Nagura, M McPhaden, MJ AF Nagura, Motoki McPhaden, Michael J. TI Dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean dipole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MODE EVENTS; SST; ANOMALIES; ENSO; CLIMATE; TOPEX/POSEIDON AB This study examines interannual variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean using observations and a continuously stratified linear long-wave ocean model driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts winds. Our focus is on the relationship between wind stress, zonal velocity, and sea surface height (SSH) in association with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The model correctly simulates the dominant pattern of variability associated with the IOD in which SSH anomalies near the equator tend to tilt zonally in phase with zonal wind forcing. Both observations and the model also show that surface zonal velocity on the equator tends to lead zonal wind stress by about 1 month on interannual time scales. This phasing occurs because velocity anomalies reverse before the wind anomalies reverse during the decay of IOD events. The model simulations indicate that this reversal of velocity earlier than winds is caused by reflected Rossby waves radiating from the eastern boundary. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of IOD events because of the role of zonal advection in determining interannual variations in equatorial Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies. C1 [Nagura, Motoki; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nagura, M (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Applicat Lab, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. EM nagura@jamstec.go.jp RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments on this manuscript. We also acknowledge the Coriolis data center, which provided the gridded temperature and salinity data set. ECMWF model outputs are obtained from ECMWF data server (http://data.ecmwf.int/data/). QSCAT data are provided by Remote Sensing Systems, the gridded SSH data set are provided by the Ssalto/Duacs (Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies) project, and OSCAR velocity data are provided by Earth and Space Research. Xuebin Zhang helped with set up of the numerical model code. Special thanks to India's Ministry of Earth Sciences for providing ship time to support collection of the ADCP measurements and V. S. N. Murty for helping to establish the ADCP measurement program. NOAA's Climate Program Office supported production of this manuscript. This is PMEL contribution 3556. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 25 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C11026 DI 10.1029/2010JC006423 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 686OX UT WOS:000284706700003 ER PT J AU Li, ZL Li, J Jin, X Schmit, TJ Borbas, EE Goldberg, MD AF Li, Zhenglong Li, Jun Jin, Xin Schmit, Timothy J. Borbas, Eva E. Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI An objective methodology for infrared land surface emissivity evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; RETRIEVALS; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; PRODUCTS; MODELS; LAW AB Land surface emissivity (LSE) in the infrared (IR) window region (8-12 mu m) governs the thermal emissions from the Earth's surface. Many LSE databases, retrieved from various satellite instruments, are available for studying climate, Earth-atmosphere interaction, weather, and the environment. The precision (standard deviation) and accuracy (bias) of these databases remain unclear. In this study, we introduce an objective and efficient method for quantitatively evaluating the LSE precision using satellite radiance observations. The LSE brightness temperature (Tb) deviations, defined as the standard deviations of Tb differences between satellite observations and radiative transfer calculations, can be estimated by minimizing the impacts from land surface temperature (LST) and atmospheric profiles. This is followed by the estimation of LSE precision. This method does not need the true LSE measurements. It only needs ancillary information such as atmospheric profiles and LST, both of which do not require high accuracy and thus can be obtained from a numerical weather prediction forecast or analysis. The method is applied to six different monthly LSE databases from August 2006 and 2007, and the results are presented. The error sources affecting the method are identified and the sensitivity to these errors is studied. C1 [Li, Zhenglong; Li, Jun; Jin, Xin; Borbas, Eva E.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, ZL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zhenglong.li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Li, Zhenglong/A-9375-2013; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06NES4400002] FX This work is partly supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration GOES-R Algorithm Working Group program NA06NES4400002. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. The authors would like to specifically thank the MODIS and AIRS science teams for making high-quality data available to the research community. The authors would also like to thank Daniel K. Zhou of NASA Langley Research Center for providing IASI preliminary emissivity research test product for this study. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D22308 DI 10.1029/2010JD014249 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686OC UT WOS:000284704600008 ER PT J AU Scinocca, JF Stephenson, DB Bailey, TC Austin, J AF Scinocca, John F. Stephenson, David B. Bailey, Trevor C. Austin, John TI Estimates of past and future ozone trends from multimodel simulations using a flexible smoothing spline methodology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE; RECOVERY AB A novel additive model analysis of multimodel trends is presented. The approach is motivated by, and particularly suited to, the analysis of multimodel time series of varying length. This Time series Additive Model (TSAM) approach consists of three distinct steps: estimation of individual model trends, baseline adjustment of the trends, and the weighted combination of the individual model trends to produce a multimodel trend (MMT) estimate. The baseline adjustment step is not an essential ingredient of the TSAM but is included to reduce model spread. The association of the TSAM approach with a probabilistic model allows trend estimates to be used to make formal inference (e.g., calculation of confidence and prediction intervals). The method is applied to the analysis of multimodel ozone time series of varying lengths as were considered for the 2006 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion. The advantages of the TSAM approach are demonstrated to include the production of smooth trend estimates out to the ends of the time series, the ability to model explicitly interannual variability about the trend estimate, and the ability to make rigorous probability statements. Calculated ozone return dates are consistent with previous qualitative estimates, but the more quantitative analysis provided by the MMT is expected to allow such data sets to be better utilized by the community and policy makers. C1 [Scinocca, John F.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Austin, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Stephenson, David B.; Bailey, Trevor C.] Univ Exeter, Math Res Inst, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. RP Scinocca, JF (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, POB 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM john.scinocca@ec.gc.ca RI Stephenson, David/A-9903-2011 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences through the C-SPARC network FX The authors would like to thank T.G. Shepherd for helping to initiate this collaboration, and DBS would like to thank Simon Woods for a useful discussion about standard errors in GAM models. J.F.S. has received support in part from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences through the C-SPARC network, and J.A.'s research was administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M12 DI 10.1029/2009JD013622 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686OC UT WOS:000284704600003 ER PT J AU Redmon, RJ Peterson, WK Andersson, L Kihn, EA Denig, WF Hairston, M Coley, R AF Redmon, R. J. Peterson, W. K. Andersson, L. Kihn, E. A. Denig, W. F. Hairston, M. Coley, R. TI Vertical thermal O+ flows at 850 km in dynamic auroral boundary coordinates SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP; ION OUTFLOW; PLASMA; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; WIND; DMSP AB Contemporary magnetosphere models now include species-dependent dynamics. Energetic O+ has significant consequences for the energy stored in the ring current, the rate of reconnection, and perhaps the timing of substorm injections. The mechanism by which thermal O+ escapes from the top of the ionosphere and into the magnetosphere is not fully understood. Previous studies have used dynamic auroral boundary coordinates to describe the outflowing energetic O+ ions above the ionosphere. In this study we focus on the vertical flow of O+ ions at lower altitudes before they are accelerated to escape velocity. An algorithm has been devised to identify auroral zone boundaries using precipitating electron observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft. Vertical ion flows measured by the DMSP special sensor for ions electrons and scintillation ion drift meter and the retarding potential analyzer instruments aboard the F12 (noon-midnight) and F13 (dawn-dusk) spacecraft from 1997 to 1998 were projected into dynamic auroral boundary coordinates and used to investigate the dependence of Southern Hemisphere bulk flows on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and geomagnetic conditions. Initial results show that (1) net upward flows occur primarily in the auroral zone and net downward flows occur primarily in the polar cap, (2) there exists a strong upward flow at 9 magnetic local time (MLT) near the polar cap boundary, 3) the downward ion flow orientation is strongly dependent on IMF By, and 4) the auroral boundary does not coincide exactly with the upward/downward boundary for bulk flows. C1 [Redmon, R. J.; Kihn, E. A.; Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peterson, W. K.; Andersson, L.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Plasmas, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hairston, M.; Coley, R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009; OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096; Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00J08 DI 10.1029/2010JA015589 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 686PS UT WOS:000284708800003 ER PT J AU Vaknin, D Garlea, VO Demmel, F Mamontov, E Nojiri, H Martin, C Chiorescu, I Qiu, Y Kogerler, P Fielden, J Engelhardt, L Rainey, C Luban, M AF Vaknin, D. Garlea, V. O. Demmel, F. Mamontov, E. Nojiri, H. Martin, C. Chiorescu, I. Qiu, Y. Koegerler, P. Fielden, J. Engelhardt, L. Rainey, C. Luban, M. TI Level crossings and zero-field splitting in the {Cr-8}-cubane spin cluster studied using inelastic neutron scattering and magnetization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; MOLECULES; MAGNET AB Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) in variable magnetic field and high-field magnetization measurements in the millikelvin temperature range were performed to gain insight into the low-energy magnetic excitation spectrum and the field-induced level crossings in the molecular spin cluster {Cr-8}-cubane. These complementary techniques provide consistent estimates of the lowest level-crossing field. The overall features of the experimental data are explained using an isotropic Heisenberg model, based on three distinct exchange interactions linking the eight Cr-III paramagnetic centers (spins s = 3/2), that is supplemented with a relatively large molecular magnetic anisotropy term for the lowest S = 1 multiplet. It is noted that the existence of the anisotropy is clearly evident from the magnetic field dependence of the excitations in the INS measurements, while the magnetization measurements are not sensitive to its effects. C1 [Vaknin, D.; Koegerler, P.; Fielden, J.; Luban, M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Garlea, V. O.; Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Demmel, F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Nojiri, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Martin, C.; Chiorescu, I.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Martin, C.; Chiorescu, I.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Qiu, Y.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Engelhardt, L.; Rainey, C.] Francis Marion Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Vaknin, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vaknin@ameslab.gov RI Nojiri, Hiroyuki/B-3688-2011; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR-0654118, DMR-0645408, DMR-0454672]; FMU Professional Development Committee; MEXT, Japan [451] FX We thank R E P Winpenny and J Schnack for valuable discussions. The work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The work at the NHMFL was supported by NSF cooperative agreement Grant No. DMR-0654118 and NSF Grant No. DMR-0645408. The work at the NCNR is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. L E acknowledges support from the FMU Professional Development Committee. H N acknowledges support by Grant-in-Aid on Priority Areas 'High Field Spin Science in 100 T' (Grant No. 451) from MEXT, Japan. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 24 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 46 AR 466001 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/46/466001 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675OA UT WOS:000283838800020 PM 21403379 ER PT J AU Guffanti, M Schneider, DJ Wallace, KL Hall, T Bensimon, DR Salinas, LJ AF Guffanti, Marianne Schneider, David J. Wallace, Kristi L. Hall, Tony Bensimon, Dov R. Salinas, Leonard J. TI Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The extensive volcanic cloud from Kasatochi's 2008 eruption caused widespread disruptions to aviation operations along Pacific oceanic, Canadian, and U.S. air routes. Based on aviation hazard warnings issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Meteorological Service of Canada, air carriers largely avoided the volcanic cloud over a 5 day period by route modifications and flight cancellations. Comparison of time coincident GOES thermal infrared (TIR) data for ash detection with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet data for SO2 detection shows congruent areas of ash and gas in the volcanic cloud in the 2 days following onset of ash production. After about 2.5 days, the area of SO2 detected by OMI was more extensive than the area of ash indicated by TIR data, indicating significant ash depletion by fall out had occurred. Pilot reports of visible haze at cruise altitudes over Canada and the northern United States suggested that SO2 gas had converted to sulfate aerosols. Uncertain about the hazard potential of the aging cloud, airlines coped by flying over, under, or around the observed haze layer. Samples from a nondamaging aircraft encounter with Kasatochi's nearly 3 day old cloud contained volcanic silicate particles, confirming that some fine ash is present in predominantly gas clouds. The aircraft's exposure to ash was insufficient to cause engine damage; however, slightly damaging encounters with volcanic clouds from eruptions of Reventador in 2002 and Hekla in 2000 indicate the possibility of lingering hazards associated with old and/or diffuse volcanic clouds. C1 [Guffanti, Marianne] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Schneider, David J.; Wallace, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Hall, Tony] Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA. [Bensimon, Dov R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Salinas, Leonard J.] United Airlines Operat Ctr, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA. EM guffanti@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The manuscript was improved by reviews by Rosalind Helz, Gari Mayberry and three anonymous reviewers. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00L19 DI 10.1029/2010JD013868 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686OA UT WOS:000284704400003 ER PT J AU Nowak, JB Neuman, JA Bahreini, R Brock, CA Middlebrook, AM Wollny, AG Holloway, JS Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Fehsenfeld, FC AF Nowak, J. B. Neuman, J. A. Bahreini, R. Brock, C. A. Middlebrook, A. M. Wollny, A. G. Holloway, J. S. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Fehsenfeld, F. C. TI Airborne observations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate formation over Houston, Texas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLE FORMATION; SAVANNA FIRES; TRACE GASES; AIR-QUALITY; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY AB Anthropogenic emissions of NOx (nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), which in sunlight can be oxidized to form nitric acid (HNO3), can react with ammonia (NH3) to form ammonium nitrate particles. Ammonium nitrate formation was observed from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft over Houston during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study with fast-response measurements of NH3, HNO3, particle composition, and particle size distribution. Typically, NH3 mixing ratios over the urban area ranged from 0.2 to 3 ppbv and were predominantly from area sources. No NH3 enhancements were observed in emission plumes from power plants. The few plumes with high NH3 levels from point source emissions that were sampled are analyzed in detail. While the paucity of NH3 data in emission inventories made point source identification difficult, one plume was traced to NH3 release from an industrial accident. NH3 mixing ratios in these plumes ranged from 5 to 80 ppbv. In these plumes, the NH3 enhancement correlated with a decrease in HNO3 mixing ratio and an increase in particulate NO3- concentration indicating ammonium nitrate formation. The ammonium nitrate aerosol mass budget in the plumes was analyzed to assess the quantitative agreement between the gas and aerosol phase measurements. The thermodynamic equilibrium between the gas and aerosol phase was examined for one flight by comparing the modeled dissociation constant for ammonium nitrate with NH3 and HNO3 measurements. The high levels of NH3 in these plumes shifted the equilibrium toward favorable thermodynamic conditions for the condensation of ammonium nitrate onto particles. C1 [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Bahreini, R.; Wollny, A. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Wollny, A. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nowak, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM John.Nowak@noaa.gov RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU TCEQ [582-8-86246] FX The Air Quality and the Climate Research and Modeling Programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) supported the WP-3D measurements. Much of the analysis was supported by TCEQ under grant 582-8-86246. NR 47 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D22304 DI 10.1029/2010JD014195 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 686OA UT WOS:000284704400006 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Characterization of global ocean turbidity from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ocean color observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; SEAWIFS MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; WATER TURBIDITY; CASE-1 WATERS; ARABIAN SEA; COASTAL AB Seasonal global ocean turbidity is studied and quantified using the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm, K-d(490), derived from measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Aqua satellite. The shortwave infrared-based atmospheric correction algorithm and a newly developed K-d(490) algorithm have been used to derive K-d(490) data for both the global open ocean and coastal turbid waters. The spatial pattern of global open ocean turbidity shows significant seasonal K-d(490) variations with highs in the boreal (or austral) spring and summer and lows in the winter for the Northern Hemisphere (or Southern Hemisphere). The clear water with K-d(490) <= 0.1 m(-1) covers an average of similar to 95.67% of the global ocean. The modestly turbid waters with K-d(490) values ranging from similar to 0.1 to 0.3 m(-1) has about 5.12% and 3.07% of the global ocean region in the summer and winter, respectively, with average coverage of similar to 3.59%. Turbid waters with K-d(490) over 0.3 m(-1) are all located in the coastal regions, river estuaries, and inland lakes with an average global coverage of similar to 0.74%, accounting for similar to 8% to 12% of the total global continental shelf area. The world's major turbid water regions are identified and evaluated in this study. Amazon River Estuary ranks as the world's most turbid region with the mean K-d(490) value of similar to 5 m(-1). In addition, different mechanisms for the water turbidity in the open oceans and coastal turbid waters are investigated. In the open ocean, variability in the seasonal turbidity is related to the seasonal variation of chlorophyll a concentration, i.e., the seasonal phytoplankton bloom dominates the global geographic perspective of the water turbidity (for waters with K-d(490) <= 0.3 m(-1)). In the coastal region, on the other hand, high turbidity (K-d(490) > 0.3 m(-1)) is attributed to the high loading of sediment concentration due to various physical processes, such as sediment resuspension, river runoff, etc. C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Rm 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NASA; NOAA FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The MODIS L1B data were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services Web site. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments that significantly improved the manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 115 AR C11022 DI 10.1029/2010JC006160 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 686OR UT WOS:000284706100003 ER PT J AU Deng, L Hagley, EW Cao, QA Wang, XR Luo, XY Wang, RQ Payne, MG Yang, F Zhou, XJ Chen, XZ Zhan, MS AF Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Cao, Qiang Wang, Xiaorui Luo, Xinyu Wang, Ruquan Payne, M. G. Yang, Fan Zhou, Xiaoji Chen, Xuzong Zhan, Mingsheng TI Observation of a Red-Blue Detuning Asymmetry in Matter-Wave Superradiance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE-COHERENT AMPLIFICATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING AB We report the first experimental observation of strong suppression of matter-wave superradiance using blue-detuned pump light and demonstrate a pump-laser detuning asymmetry in the collective atomic recoil motion. In contrast to all previous theoretical frameworks, which predict that the process should be symmetric with respect to the sign of the detuning of the pump laser from the one-photon resonance, we find that for condensates the symmetry is broken. With high condensate densities and red-detuned pump light the distinctive multiorder, matter-wave scattering pattern is clearly visible, whereas with blue-detuned pump light superradiance is strongly suppressed. However, in the limit of a dilute atomic gas symmetry is restored. C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.; Payne, M. G.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cao, Qiang; Wang, Xiaorui; Luo, Xinyu; Wang, Ruquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yang, Fan; Zhou, Xiaoji; Chen, Xuzong] Peking Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhan, Mingsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Zhan, Mingsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Yang, Fan/F-9024-2011; Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 project) [2006CB921206, 006CB921203]; National High-Tech Research Program of China (863 project) [2006AA06Z104]; National Science Foundation of China [10704086, 10804124] FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with Dr. C. W. Clark, Professor W. Ketterle, Dr. J. Bienfang, and Professor K. Burnett. Ruquan Wang acknowledges financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 project Grant No. 2006CB921206), the National High-Tech Research Program of China (863 project Grant No. 2006AA06Z104), and the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10704086). Mingsheng Zhan acknowledges financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 project Grant No. 006CB921203), and the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10804124). NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 22 AR 220404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.220404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 684EQ UT WOS:000284532900001 PM 21231370 ER PT J AU Fahey, AJ Zeissler, CJ Newbury, DE Davis, J Lindstrom, RM AF Fahey, A. J. Zeissler, C. J. Newbury, D. E. Davis, J. Lindstrom, R. M. TI Postdetonation nuclear debris for attribution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE secondary ion mass spectrometry; autoradiography; electron probe microanalysis; plutonium; trinitite AB On the morning of July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded in New Mexico on the White Sands Proving Ground. The device was a plutonium implosion device similar to the device that destroyed Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9 of that same year. Recently, with the enactment of US public law 111-140, the "Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act," scientists in the government and academia have been able, in earnest, to consider what type of forensic-style information may be obtained after a nuclear detonation. To conduct a robust attribution process for an exploded device placed by a nonstate actor, forensic analysis must yield information about not only the nuclear material in the device but about other materials that went into its construction. We have performed an investigation of glassed ground debris from the first nuclear test showing correlations among multiple analytical techniques. Surprisingly, there is strong evidence, obtainable only through microanalysis, that secondary materials used in the device can be identified and positively associated with the nuclear material. C1 [Fahey, A. J.; Zeissler, C. J.; Newbury, D. E.; Davis, J.; Lindstrom, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fahey, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM albert.fahey@nist.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 47 BP 20207 EP 20212 DI 10.1073/pnas.1010631107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 684DT UT WOS:000284529000015 PM 21059943 ER PT J AU Albright, R Mason, B Miller, M Langdon, C AF Albright, Rebecca Mason, Benjamin Miller, Margaret Langdon, Chris TI Ocean acidification compromises recruitment success of the threatened Caribbean coral Acropora palmata SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; pH; juvenile; elkhorn coral ID BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; CARBONIC-ACID; SEA-URCHIN; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; MORTALITY; ECOLOGY; METAMORPHOSIS AB Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the ongoing decline in oceanic pH resulting from the uptake of atmospheric CO2. Mounting experimental evidence suggests that OA will have negative consequences for a variety of marine organisms. Whereas the effect of OA on the calcification of adult reef corals is increasingly well documented, effects on early life history stages are largely unknown. Coral recruitment, which necessitates successful fertilization, larval settlement, and postsettlement growth and survivorship, is critical to the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. To determine whether OA threatens successful sexual recruitment of reef-building corals, we tested fertilization, settlement, and postsettlement growth of Acropora palmata at pCO(2) levels that represent average ambient conditions during coral spawning (similar to 400 mu atm) and the range of pCO(2) increases that are expected to occur in this century [(similar to 560 mu atm (mid-CO2) and (similar to 800 mu atm (high-CO2)]. Fertilization, settlement, and growth were all negatively impacted by increasing pCO(2), and impairment of fertilization was exacerbated at lower sperm concentrations. The cumulative impact of OA on fertilization and settlement success is an estimated 52% and 73% reduction in the number of larval settlers on the reef under pCO(2) conditions projected for the middle and the end of this century, respectively. Additional declines of 39% (mid-CO2) and 50% (high-CO2) were observed in postsettlement linear extension rates relative to controls. These results suggest that OA has the potential to impact multiple, sequential early life history stages, thereby severely compromising sexual recruitment and the ability of coral reefs to recover from disturbance. C1 [Albright, Rebecca; Mason, Benjamin; Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Miller, Margaret] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Albright, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ralbright@rsmas.miami.edu RI Albright, Rebecca/D-4033-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 FU Mote Marine Laboratory; National Science Foundation [OCE 0547169]; Korein Foundation FX We thank L. Johnston, A. Valdivia, D. Williams, and R. Wilborn for field and laboratory assistance; N. Ehrhardt for statistical advice; and D. Manzello and two anonymous reviewers for a constructive review of the manuscript. This project was funded in part by the Mote Marine Laboratory's "Protect Our Reefs" specialty license plate and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program, with logistical support provided by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Collection of coral spawn was conducted under Permit FKNMS-2007-009. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant OCE 0547169) and the Korein Foundation. NR 44 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 21 U2 105 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 23 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 47 BP 20400 EP 20404 DI 10.1073/pnas.1007273107 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 684DT UT WOS:000284529000048 PM 21059900 ER PT J AU Li, YQ Siddiqui, G Wikfors, GH AF Li, Yaqin Siddiqui, Ghazala Wikfors, Gary H. TI Non-lethal determination of sex and reproductive condition of Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin using protein profiles of hemolymph by Proteinchip (R) and SELDI-TOF-MS technology SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Oyster; Hemolymph; Protein profiles; SELDI-TOF-MS; Sex; Gonadal development ID PACIFIC OYSTER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; MYTILUS-EDULIS; GIGAS; PROTEOMICS; VITELLIN; LYSOZYME; TOOL AB As the demand for hatchery-produced oyster seed increases for both aquaculture and restoration purposes, techniques to improve seed production, such as accurate determination of broodstock oyster sex and gonad development, have become more important. In this study, we developed a novel method of determining oyster sex and developmental stage through protein profiling of hemolymph using a relatively new proteomic tool, Proteinchip (R) and SELDI-TOF-MS. Over 139 peptides/proteins were detected from oyster hemolymph, 62 of which appeared to be involved in reproductive activities. Using the protein-profile information, individual broodstock oysters were categorized successfully into one of five groups: undifferentiated, female developing, female ripe, male developing and male ripe. The accuracy of categorization, confirmed by subsequent, traditional histological methods, was 98.8% (p<0.05). Wide application of this method is still limited by cost; however, results of this research open doors for further study to develop more-affordable and portable methods based upon detection of specific hemolymph peptides and proteins. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Yaqin; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Siddiqui, Ghazala] Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. RP Li, YQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM judy.yaqin.li@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 309 IS 1-4 BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.030 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 687ZP UT WOS:000284817600034 ER PT J AU Vitek, DN Block, E Bellouard, Y Adams, DE Backus, S Kleinfeld, D Durfee, CG Squier, JA AF Vitek, Dawn N. Block, Erica Bellouard, Yves Adams, Daniel E. Backus, Sterling Kleinfeld, David Durfee, Charles G. Squier, Jeffrey A. TI Spatio-temporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for nonreciprocal writing in optically transparent materials SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FUSED-SILICA; GLASS AB Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) provides precise control of the pulse front tilt (PFT) necessary to achieve nonreciprocal writing in glass wherein the material modification depends on the sample scanning direction with respect to the PFT. The PFT may be adjusted over several orders of magnitude. Using SSTF nonreciprocal writing is observed for a large range of axial focal positions within the sample, and nonreciprocal ablation patterns on the surface of the sample are revealed. Further, the lower numerical aperture (0.03 NA) utilized with SSTF increases the rate of writing. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Vitek, Dawn N.; Block, Erica; Durfee, Charles G.; Squier, Jeffrey A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bellouard, Yves] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Adams, Daniel E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Backus, Sterling] Kapteyn Murnane Labs Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Kleinfeld, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Vitek, DN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jsquier@mines.edu RI Bellouard, Yves/B-6920-2008; Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-10026, FA9550-10-C-0017]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [EB003832] FX We thank Mariana Potcoava for her assistance with imaging. D. Vitek, J. Squier, S. Backus, and C. Durfee gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (FA9550-07-10026 and FA9550-10-C-0017). J. Squier, E. Block and D. Kleinfeld acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (EB003832). NR 22 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 24 BP 24673 EP 24678 DI 10.1364/OE.18.024673 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 698IF UT WOS:000285586800044 PM 21164813 ER PT J AU Foss-Feig, M Hermele, M Gurarie, V Rey, AM AF Foss-Feig, Michael Hermele, Michael Gurarie, Victor Rey, Ana Maria TI Heavy fermions in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID KONDO-LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR; INTERACTING FERMIONS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; EXPANSION; SYSTEMS; SURFACE AB We employ a mean-field theory to study ground-state properties and transport of a two-dimensional gas of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms governed by the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian plus a parabolic confining potential. In a homogenous system, this mean-field theory is believed to give a qualitatively correct description of heavy-fermion metals and Kondo insulators: It reproduces the Kondo-like scaling of the quasiparticle mass in the former and the same scaling of the excitation gap in the latter. In order to understand ground-state properties in a trap, we extend this mean-field theory via local-density approximation. We find that the Kondo insulator gap manifests as a shell structure in the trapped density profile. In addition, a strong signature of the large Fermi surface expected for heavy-fermion systems survives the confinement and could be probed in time-of-flight experiments. From a full self-consistent diagonalization of the mean-field theory, we are able to study dynamics in the trap. We find that the mass enhancement of quasiparticle excitations in the heavy-Fermi liquid phase manifests as slowing of the dipole oscillations that result from a sudden displacement of the trap center. C1 [Foss-Feig, Michael; Hermele, Michael; Gurarie, Victor; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, Michael; Rey, Ana Maria] JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Hermele, Michael/B-9424-2009; OI Hermele, Michael/0000-0003-2594-1176 FU NSF [PIF-0904017, DMR-0449521]; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE; DOE [DE-SC0003910] FX We thank Thomas Gasenzer, Matthias Kronenwett, Alexey Gorshkov, Maria Luisa Chiofalo, Brandon Peden, and Jun Ye for helpful discussions. A.M.R. and M.F. are supported by grants from the NSF (PFC and Grant No. PIF-0904017), the AFOSR, and a grant from the ARO with funding from the DARPA-OLE. M.H. is supported by DOE Grant No. DE-SC0003910, and V.G. is supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-0449521. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 053624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053624 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 683GL UT WOS:000284460400007 ER PT J AU Hong, T Stock, C Cabrera, I Broholm, C Qiu, Y Leao, JB Poulton, SJ Copley, JRD AF Hong, Tao Stock, C. Cabrera, I. Broholm, C. Qiu, Y. Leao, J. B. Poulton, S. J. Copley, J. R. D. TI Neutron scattering study of a quasi-two-dimensional spin-1/2 dimer system: Piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate under hydrostatic pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TLCUCL3; STATE AB We report inelastic neutron scattering study of a quasi-two-dimensional S=1/2 dimer system piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate under hydrostatic pressure. The spin gap Delta becomes softened with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure up to P=9.0 kbar. The observed threefold degenerate triplet excitation at P=6.0 kbar is consistent with the theoretical prediction and the bandwidth of the dispersion relation is unaffected within the experimental uncertainty. At P=9.0 kbar the spin gap is reduced to Delta=0.55 meV from Delta=1.0 meV at ambient pressure. C1 [Hong, Tao] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stock, C.; Cabrera, I.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Stock, C.; Cabrera, I.; Broholm, C.; Qiu, Y.; Leao, J. B.; Poulton, S. J.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Cabrera, Ivelisse/L-5999-2013 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Cabrera, Ivelisse/0000-0002-0287-8437 FU NSF [DMR-0454672, DMR-0306940, DMR-0706553]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of BES, DOE FX We thank R. Paul for help with neutron activation analysis. The DAVE program is supported by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The work at ORNL was partially funded by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of BES, DOE. The work at JHU was supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR-0306940 and No. DMR-0706553. The work at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 18 AR 184424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184424 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 683GW UT WOS:000284462200006 ER PT J AU Reed, TE Waples, RS Schindler, DE Hard, JJ Kinnison, MT AF Reed, Thomas E. Waples, Robin S. Schindler, Daniel E. Hard, Jeffrey J. Kinnison, Michael T. TI Phenotypic plasticity and population viability: the importance of environmental predictability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE reaction norm; evolutionary trap; environmental stochasticity; cue reliability; persistence; population dynamics ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REACTION NORMS; LIFE-HISTORY; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY; EVOLUTION; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; REPRODUCTION; CANALIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Phenotypic plasticity plays a key role in modulating how environmental variation influences population dynamics, but we have only rudimentary understanding of how plasticity interacts with the magnitude and predictability of environmental variation to affect population dynamics and persistence. We developed a stochastic individual-based model, in which phenotypes could respond to a temporally fluctuating environmental cue and fitness depended on the match between the phenotype and a randomly fluctuating trait optimum, to assess the absolute fitness and population dynamic consequences of plasticity under different levels of environmental stochasticity and cue reliability. When cue and optimum were tightly correlated, plasticity buffered absolute fitness from environmental variability, and population size remained high and relatively invariant. In contrast, when this correlation weakened and environmental variability was high, strong plasticity reduced population size, and populations with excessively strong plasticity had substantially greater extinction probability. Given that environments might become more variable and unpredictable in the future owing to anthropogenic influences, reaction norms that evolved under historic selective regimes could imperil populations in novel or changing environmental contexts. We suggest that demographic models (e.g. population viability analyses) would benefit from a more explicit consideration of how phenotypic plasticity influences population responses to environmental change. C1 [Reed, Thomas E.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Reed, Thomas E.; Waples, Robin S.; Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Reed, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM tomreed@u.washington.edu RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Reed, Thomas/A-5788-2012; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Reed, Thomas/0000-0002-7504-4273; FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work was made possible by generous funding from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and facilitation from the Natural Center for Ecological Synthesis and Analysis, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. The model in this paper was designed and implemented in collaboration with SimBiotic Software (www.simbio.com) using their SimUText modelling framework. We thank Dan Nussey and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms on previous versions of the manuscript. NR 52 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 6 U2 132 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD NOV 22 PY 2010 VL 277 IS 1699 BP 3391 EP 3400 DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0771 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 670SY UT WOS:000283448800003 PM 20554553 ER PT J AU Liu, WJ Hong, Y Khan, SI Huang, MB Vieux, B Caliskan, S Grout, T AF Liu, Wenjuan Hong, Yang Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim Huang, Mingbin Vieux, Baxter Caliskan, Semiha Grout, Trevor TI Actual evapotranspiration estimation for different land use and land cover in urban regions using Landsat 5 data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration (ET); Landsat; Surface Energy Balance; land covers land use; urban development ID ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT FLUXES; EVAPORATION; ALGORITHM; MODEL AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is deemed critical for water resources management. Even in the same climatic and meteorological conditions, actual ET (ET(a)) may exhibit remarkable spatial variability across different vegetation covers, agricultural land use practices, and differing types of urban land development. The main objectives of this study are (1) to evaluate the possible closure of the heat balance equation using Oklahoma's unique environmental monitoring network; and (2) to estimate ET(a) and determine the variation with regards to varying types of land use and land cover in urban settings. In this study, a Surface-Energy-Balance ET algorithm was implemented to estimate ET(a) at a higher spatial resolution using Landsat 5 satellite images while the Oklahoma Mesonet observations can be used as our ground truth data. Accuracy of the estimated ET(a) was assessed using latent heat flux measurements provided by AmeriFlux towers. The associated bias ratios of daily mean ET(a) with respect to both burn and control sites are -0.92%, and -8.86% with a correlation of 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. Additionally, estimated ET(a) from a water balance budget analysis and the remotely sensed ET(a) are cross-validated with a low bias ratio of 5.2%, and a correlation coefficient of 0.7 at the catchment scale. The lowest ET(a) was observed for developed urban areas and highest for open water bodies. The ET(a) difference is also demonstrated from two contrasting counties. The results show Garfield County (agricultural) has higher ET(a) values than Oklahoma County (urban) for all land cover types except open water bodies. C1 [Liu, Wenjuan; Huang, Mingbin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Liu, Wenjuan; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Vieux, Baxter; Grout, Trevor] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Huang, Mingbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Huang, Mingbin] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. [Caliskan, Semiha] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Liu, WJ (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China. EM liuwenjuan66@gmail.com; yanghong@ou.edu; sadiq@ou.edu; hmbd@nwsuaf.edu.cn; bvieux@ou.edu; semihacaliskan@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU United State Geological Survey; Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute; State Scholar Council, Ministry of Education of China FX This work was financed by the United State Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute. Partial funding for the first author was also provided by the State Scholar Council, Ministry of Education of China. The authors would like to extend their appreciation to Oklahoma MESONET for meteorological data. The authors are also thankful to Professor Margaret Torn, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Earth Science Division, Berkeley, CA, for providing the quality-controlled AmeriFlux tower observations. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 041873 DI 10.1117/1.3525566 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 704RA UT WOS:000286068900001 ER PT J AU Windom, BC Bruno, TJ AF Windom, Bret C. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Novel reduced pressure-balance syringe for chromatographic analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Distillation curve; Low pressure; Syringe ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; FUEL JET-A; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; ENTHALPY; GASOLINE; S-8; CUT AB When withdrawing a fluid sample (for additional chromatographic analyses) from an apparatus operated at a reduced pressure, a typical syringe proves to be ineffective (even if it is equipped with a gas tight plunger). It simply does not create enough pressure differential to remove a fluid sample from a reduced pressure environment. We encountered such a situation as part of efforts to extend the operation of the advanced distillation curve protocol to reduced pressures. The problem was solved by the development of a pressure balance syringe that allows reliable and precise sampling from an apparatus operating at sub-ambient pressures. This new device uses an external vacuum source to evacuate a syringe barrel, allowing a user to withdraw fluid samples from environments with pressures as low as 0.5 kPa. To demonstrate the operation of the newly developed device, distillate analyses were performed on two fluids at low pressure: a predefined validation mixture, and a commercial soy based biodiesel fuel. The pressure balance syringe was used successfully for sampling in both cases. The use of the pressure balance syringe is not limited to reduced pressure distillations; indeed it can be used for a variety of applications in which chemical/compositional analyses are desired on a fluid contained in a reduced pressure environment. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 19 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 47 BP 7434 EP 7439 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.045 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 679WP UT WOS:000284191800017 PM 20961548 ER PT J AU Feierabend, KJ Papanastasiou, DK Burkholder, JB AF Feierabend, Karl J. Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K. Burkholder, James B. TI ClO Radical Yields in the Reaction of O(D-1) with Cl-2, HCl, Chloromethanes, and Chlorofluoromethanes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTENSITIES; CH3CO; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; O((1)D); O(1D2); O(P-3) AB Absolute ClO radical product yields in the gas-phase reactions of O(D-1) with Cl-2, HCl, CCl4, CHCl3, CH3Cl2, CH3Cl, CF2Cl2, CF3Cl, CHFCl2, and CHF2Cl are reported. Product yields were measured using pulsed-laser photolysis of O-3 to produce O(D-1) in the presence of excess reactant combined with dual wavelength differential cavity ring-down spectroscopic detection of the ClO radical. ClO radical absorption cross sections for the A(2)Pi(nu = 10) <-- X-2 Pi(nu = 0) transition hand head near 280 nm were determined between 200 and 296 K as part of this work. The ClO product yields obtained at room temperature were Cl-2 (0,77 +/- 0.10), HCl (0.20 +/- 0.04), CCl4 (0.79 +/- 0.04), CHCl3 (0.77 +/- 0.04), CH2Cl2 (0.73 +/- 0.04), CH3Cl (0.46 +/- 0.06), CFCl3 (0.79 +/- 0.04), CF2Cl2 (0.76 +/- 0.06), CF3Cl (0.82 +/- 0.06), CHFCl2 (0.73 +/- 0.05), and CHF2Cl (0.56 +/- 0.03), where the quoted error limits are 2 sigma of the measurement precision. ClO product yields in the O(D-1) + Cl-2 and CFCl3 reactions were found to be independent of temperature between 200 and 296 K. within the precision of the measurements. The absolute ClO yields obtained in this study are compared with previously reported values determined using relative and indirect methods. C1 [Feierabend, Karl J.; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feierabend, Karl J.; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; FU NOAA; NASA FX We thank R. Talukdar for help in designing of the reaction cell. This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition program. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 18 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 45 BP 12052 EP 12061 DI 10.1021/jp107761t PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 677UU UT WOS:000284018200007 PM 20979404 ER PT J AU Gourley, JJ Erlingis, JM Smith, TM Ortega, KL Hong, Y AF Gourley, J. J. Erlingis, J. M. Smith, T. M. Ortega, K. L. Hong, Y. TI Remote collection and analysis of witness reports on flash floods SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flash flood; Database; Survey; Google Earth (TM) ID UNCERTAINTY AB Typically flash floods are studied ex post facto in response to a major Impact event A complement to field investigations is developing a detailed database of flash flood events including minor events and null reports (i e where heavy ram occurred but there was no flash flooding) based on public survey questions conducted in near-real time The Severe hazards analysis and verification experiment (SHAVE) has been in operation at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman OK USA during the summers since 2006 The experiment employs undergraduate students to analyse real-time products from weather radars target specific regions within the conterminous US and poll public residences and businesses regarding the occurrence and severity of hail wind tornadoes and now flash floods In addition to providing a rich learning experience for students SHAVE has also been successful in creating high-resolution datasets of severe hazards used for algorithm and model verification This paper describes the criteria used to initiate the flash flood survey the specific questions asked and information entered to the database and then provides an analysis of results for flash flood data collected during the summer of 2008 It is envisioned that specific details provided by the SHAVE flash flood observation database will complement databases collected by operational agencies (i e US National Weather Service Storm Data reports) and thus lead to better tools to predict the likelihood of flash floods and ultimately reduce their Impacts on society Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Gourley, J. J.; Erlingis, J. M.; Smith, T. M.; Ortega, K. L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Erlingis, J. M.; Smith, T. M.; Ortega, K. L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; US Department of Commerce; National Severe Storms Laboratory FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 US Department of Commerce and the National Severe Storms Laboratory s Director s Discretionary Research Funds The questionnaire for flash flood surveys was refined through discussions with Ernie Wells (NWS/Office of Climate Water and Weather Service) John Schmidt (NWS/Southeast River Forecast Center) and Seann Reed (NWS/Office of Hydrology) The authors would like to acknowledge the student callers Jenifer Bowen Margaret Frey Steve Irwin Tiffany Meyer and Kelsey Mulder who made possible the collection of this unique dataset Mentions of specific software in this manuscript are not endorsements of said software by the funding sources NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 394 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.042 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 687YR UT WOS:000284814900006 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Kasianowicz, JJ Reiner, JE AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Kasianowicz, John J. Reiner, Joseph E. TI Changes in ion channel geometry resolved to sub-angstrom precision via single molecule mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; PORE; NANOPORE; TOXIN; RECORDINGS; DYNAMICS; NUMBER; NOISE AB The ion channel formed by Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin switches between multiple open conducting states. We describe a method for precisely estimating the changes in the ion channel geometry that correspond to these different states. Experimentally, we observed that the permeability of a single channel to differently sized poly(ethylene glycol) molecules depends on the magnitude of the open state conductance. A simple theory is proposed for determining changes in channel length of 4.2% and in cross-sectional area of -0.4%. C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Reiner, Joseph E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Robertson, JWF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 FU Electronic Biosciences, LLC under a NIST SBIR; NIST Office of Microelectronics Program; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX We thank Electronic Biosciences, LLC for building a high-impedance amplifier and data acquisition system for our laboratory under a NIST SBIR grant. Henry White provided helpful instructions for working with conical glass pores as membrane supports and generously donated glass nanopore supports. This work was sponsored in part by grants from the NIST Office of Microelectronics Program and the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this work to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 45 AR 454108 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/45/454108 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673HZ UT WOS:000283651400010 PM 21339596 ER PT J AU Freedman, DE Han, TH Prodi, A Muller, P Huang, QZ Chen, YS Webb, SM Lee, YS McQueen, TM Nocera, DG AF Freedman, Danna E. Han, Tianheng H. Prodi, Andrea Mueller, Peter Huang, Qing-Zhen Chen, Yu-Sheng Webb, Samuel M. Lee, Young S. McQueen, Tyrel M. Nocera, Daniel G. TI Site Specific X-ray Anomalous Dispersion of the Geometrically Frustrated Kagome Magnet, Herbertsmithite, ZnCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATION DISTRIBUTION; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; ANTIFERROMAGNET; ADSORPTION; FRAMEWORK; FERRITE AB Structural characterization, exploiting X-ray scattering differences at elemental absorption edges, is developed to quantitatively determine crystallographic site-specific metal disorder. We apply this technique to the problem of Zn-Cu chemical disorder in ZnCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2. This geometrically frustrated kagome antiferromagnet is one of the best candidates for a spin-liquid ground state, but chemical disorder has been suggested as a mundane explanation for its magnetic properties. Using anomalous scattering at the Zn and Cu edges, we determine that there is no Zn occupation of the intralayer Cu sites within the kagome layer; however there is Cu present on the Zn intersite, leading to a structural formula of (Zn0.85Cu0.15)-Cu-3(OH)(6)Cl-2. The lack of Zn mixing onto the kagome lattice sites lends support to the idea that the electronic ground state in ZnCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2 and its relatives is nontrivial. C1 [Freedman, Danna E.; Mueller, Peter; McQueen, Tyrel M.; Nocera, Daniel G.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Han, Tianheng H.; Prodi, Andrea; Lee, Young S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Huang, Qing-Zhen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Yu-Sheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Webb, Samuel M.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Nocera, DG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 6-335, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM nocera@mit.edu RI Muller, Peter/A-8858-2008; Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; OI Muller, Peter/0000-0001-6530-3852; Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Freedman, Danna/0000-0002-2579-8835 FU NSF [DMR 0819762]; DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46134]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported primarily by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award Number DMR 0819762 and DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46134. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 45 BP 16185 EP 16190 DI 10.1021/ja1070398 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 680AK UT WOS:000284202200062 PM 20964423 ER PT J AU Marcos, D Wubs, M Taylor, JM Aguado, R Lukin, MD Sorensen, AS AF Marcos, D. Wubs, M. Taylor, J. M. Aguado, R. Lukin, M. D. Sorensen, A. S. TI Coupling Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond to Superconducting Flux Qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN QUBITS; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; QUANTUM; PHOTON; STATES AB We propose a method to achieve coherent coupling between nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and superconducting (SC) flux qubits. The resulting coupling can be used to create a coherent interaction between the spin states of distant NV centers mediated by the flux qubit. Furthermore, the magnetic coupling can be used to achieve a coherent transfer of quantum information between the flux qubit and an ensemble of NV centers. This enables a long-term memory for a SC quantum processor and possibly an interface between SC qubits and light. C1 [Marcos, D.; Aguado, R.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Theory & Simulat Mat Dept, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Wubs, M.; Sorensen, A. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Wubs, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Photon Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Taylor, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marcos, D (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Theory & Simulat Mat Dept, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Wubs, Martijn/B-4934-2008; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Aguado, Ramon/B-5516-2008; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013 OI Wubs, Martijn/0000-0002-8286-7825; Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Aguado, Ramon/0000-0002-7464-7363; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163 FU NSF; CUA; DARPA; Packard Foundation; FPU [AP2005-0720]; FTP [274-07-0080]; [FIS2009-08744]; [CCG08-CSIC/MAT- 3775] FX We thank P. Forn-Diaz, K. Molmer, R. Schoelkopf, A. Imamoglu, K. Semba, and J. E. Mooij for discussions. This work was supported by NSF, CUA, DARPA and Packard Foundation, and grants FPU AP2005-0720, FTP 274-07-0080, FIS2009-08744 and CCG08-CSIC/MAT- 3775. At the time of submission a related preprint appeared [23], which describes an NV coupled to a persistent-current loop integrated into coplanar resonators. NR 34 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 17 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 21 AR 210501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.210501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 681JR UT WOS:000284308500001 PM 21231275 ER PT J AU Barlage, M Chen, F Tewari, M Ikeda, K Gochis, D Dudhia, J Rasmussen, R Livneh, B Ek, M Mitchell, K AF Barlage, Michael Chen, Fei Tewari, Mukul Ikeda, Kyoko Gochis, David Dudhia, Jimy Rasmussen, Roy Livneh, Ben Ek, Mike Mitchell, Ken TI Noah land surface model modifications to improve snowpack prediction in the Colorado Rocky Mountains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; BOREAL FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE; IMPACT; ALBEDO; HYDROLOGY; TRENDS AB Simulated snowpack by the Noah land surface model (LSM) shows an early depletion due to excessive sublimation and too early onset of snowmelt. To mitigate these deficiencies, five model modifications are tested to improve snowpack performance: (1) time-varying snow albedo, (2) solar radiation adjustment for terrain slope and orientation, (3) reducing the surface exchange coefficient for stable boundary layers, (4) increase of fresh snow albedo, and (5) adjusting surface roughness length when snow is present. The Noah LSM is executed from 1 November 2007 to 1 August 2008 for the headwater region in the Colorado Rocky Mountains with complex terrain, and its results are evaluated against 1 km Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) output and individual Natural Resources Conservation Service Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites. The most effective way to improve magnitude and timing of seasonal maximum snow water equivalent (SWE) is the introduction of the time-varying albedo formulation and the increase in fresh snow albedo. Minor improvement is obtained by reducing nighttime sublimation through adjusting the stable boundary layer surface exchange coefficient. Modifying the surface roughness length over snow surfaces and adding a terrain slope and orientation adjustment for radiation has little effect on average SWE conditions for the entire modeling domain, though it can have a significant effect in certain regions. The net effect of all changes is to improve the magnitude and timing of seasonal maximum SWE, but the snow period end is now somewhat too long. Adding the terrain slope and orientation effects does have an effect on local surface energy flux components depending on the cell slope and orientation. C1 [Barlage, Michael; Chen, Fei; Tewari, Mukul; Ikeda, Kyoko; Gochis, David; Dudhia, Jimy; Rasmussen, Roy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ek, Mike; Mitchell, Ken] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Barlage, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM barlage@ucar.edu RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015; OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU National Science Foundation [ARC-0733058]; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Project ARC-0733058 and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Water Systems program. Greg Fall and Carrie Olheiser from NOAA/NOHRSC assisted with the SNODAS output. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D22101 DI 10.1029/2009JD013470 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683MY UT WOS:000284481100001 ER PT J AU Kondo, M Mates, TE Fischer, DA Wudl, F Kramer, EJ AF Kondo, Masakazu Mates, Thomas E. Fischer, Daniel A. Wudl, Fred Kramer, Edward J. TI Bonding Structure of Phenylacetylene on Hydrogen-Terminated Si(111) and Si(100): Surface Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis and Ab Initio Calculations SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; COVALENTLY ATTACHED MONOLAYERS; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXTREMELY MILD ATTACHMENT; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; SILICON SURFACES; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS AB Interfaces between phenylacetylene (PA) monolayers and two silicon surfaces, Si(111) and Si(100). are probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption One structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and the results are analyzed using ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The monolayer systems are prepared via the surface hydrosilylation reaction between PA and hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The following spectral features are obtained for both of the PA-Si(111) and PA -Si(100) systems: a broad pi-pi* shakeup peak at 292 eV (XPS). a broad first ionization peak at 3.8 eV (UPS), and a low-energy C Is ->pi* resonance peak at 284.3 eV (NEXAFS). These findings are ascribed to a styrene-like pi-conjugated molecular structure at the PA-Si interface by comparing the experimental data with theoretical analysis results. A conclusion is drawn that the vinyl group can keep its pi-conjugation character on the hydrogen-terminated Si(100)[H:Si(100)]surface composed of the dihydride (SiH2) groups as well as on hydrogen-terminated Si(111) having the monohydride (Sill) group. The formation mechanism of the PA-Si(100) interlace is investigated within cluster ab initio calculations, and the possible structure of the I-I:Si(100) surface is discussed based on available data. C1 [Kondo, Masakazu] Chisso Corp, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008105, Japan. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kondo, Masakazu; Mates, Thomas E.; Wudl, Fred; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wudl, Fred] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wudl, Fred; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kondo, M (reprint author), Chisso Corp, Chiyoda Ku, 2-2-1 Otemachi, Tokyo 1008105, Japan. EM masakazu.kondo@mrl.ucsb.edu FU NSF [DM R05-20415]; NSF-NNIN [44771-7475] FX l We would like to thank Michael D Dimitriou. find Drs. Kristin Schmidt and Cherno Jaya for their help in NEXAFS experiments and data analysis. M.K. expresses his sincere gratitude to Dr. Tirtha Chatterjee for stimulating discussions and invaluable comments on the manuscript. This work made use of central facilities at the MRL at UCSB, which is funded by the MRSEC program of the NSF under grant number DM R05-20415, and from use of the nanofabrication facilities, which is supported by the NSF-NNIN under Award No. 44771-7475. NR 87 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 22 BP 17000 EP 17012 DI 10.1021/la103208n PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 675NQ UT WOS:000283837800053 PM 20883014 ER PT J AU Ghosh, P Sau, JD Tewari, S Das Sarma, S AF Ghosh, Parag Sau, Jay D. Tewari, Sumanta Das Sarma, S. TI Non-Abelian topological order in noncentrosymmetric superconductors with broken time-reversal symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATISTICS; STATES AB We consider two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric superconductors, in which the order parameter is a mixture of s-wave and p-wave parts, in the presence of an externally induced Zeeman splitting. We derive the conditions under which the system is in a non-Abelian phase. By considering the nondegenerate zero-energy Majorana solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations for a vortex and by constructing a topological invariant, we show that the condition for the non-Abelian phase to exist is completely independent of the triplet pairing amplitude. The existence condition for the non-Abelian phase derived from the real-space solutions of the BdG equations involves the Pfaffian of the BdG Hamiltonian at k=0, which is completely insensitive to the magnitude of the p-wave component of the order parameter. We arrive at the same conclusion by using the appropriate topological invariant for this case. This is in striking contrast to the analogous condition for the time-reversal invariant topological phases, in which the amplitude of the p-wave component must be larger than the amplitude of the s-wave piece of the order parameter. As a by-product, we establish the intrinsic connection between the Pfaffian of the BdG Hamiltonian at k=0 (which arises at the BdG approach) and the relevant Z topological invariant. C1 [Ghosh, Parag] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ghosh, Parag] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sau, Jay D.; Tewari, Sumanta; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sau, Jay D.; Tewari, Sumanta; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tewari, Sumanta] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Ghosh, P (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6138, Am 001]; Office of Naval Research [N000-14-09-1-1025A]; DARPA-QuEST; JQI-NSF-PFC; LPS-NSA; DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; DARPA-MTO [FA 9550-10-1-0497] FX We thank T. Neupert, M. Sato, and S. Fujimoto for correspondence. P. G. wishes to thank Kai Sun for valuable discussions on topological invariants. J.S thanks X.-L. Qi for discussions. J.S. would like to thank Charles Kane for pointing out the similarity between the Pfaffian invariant in this work and the one due to Kitaev. P. G. is supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology through Grant No. 70NANB7H6138, Am 001, and through Grant No. N000-14-09-1-1025A by the Office of Naval Research. J.D.S. and S. D. S. are supported by DARPA-QuEST, JQI-NSF-PFC, and LPS-NSA. S. T. acknowledges DOE/EPSCoR Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER-46139 and DARPA-MTO Grant No. FA 9550-10-1-0497 for support. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 18 AR 184525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184525 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 680TJ UT WOS:000284257500006 ER PT J AU Leiner, J Lee, H Yoo, T Lee, S Kirby, BJ Tivakornsasithorn, K Liu, X Furdyna, JK Dobrowolska, M AF Leiner, J. Lee, H. Yoo, T. Lee, Sanghoon Kirby, B. J. Tivakornsasithorn, K. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. Dobrowolska, M. TI Observation of antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in a Ga1-xMnxAs/GaAs:Be/Ga1-xMnxAs trilayer structure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTILAYERS AB Interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) between two Ga0.95Mn0.05As layers separated by Be-doped GaAs spacers was investigated experimentally using magnetization, magnetotransport and neutron-scattering measurements, which all indicated the presence of robust antiferromagnetic IEC when the GaAs spacer is sufficiently thin. We argue that the observed behavior arises from a competition between the interlayer exchange field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields intrinsic to GaMnAs layers. C1 [Leiner, J.; Tivakornsasithorn, K.; Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.; Dobrowolska, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Lee, H.; Yoo, T.; Lee, Sanghoon] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Leiner, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jleiner@nd.edu; slee3@korea.ac.kr; xliu2@nd.edu FU NSF [DMR06-03762, DMR10-0581]; NSF EAPSI [OISE-0914013]; MEST [2010-0025880, 2009-0085028] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR06-03762 and No. DMR10-0581; by a NSF EAPSI under Grant No. OISE-0914013; and by Mid-career Researcher Program through NRF grant funded by the MEST under Grants No. 2010-0025880 and No. 2009-0085028. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 19 AR 195205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195205 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 680TN UT WOS:000284258000004 ER PT J AU Steiner, AL Davis, AJ Sillman, S Owen, RC Michalak, AM Fiore, AM AF Steiner, Allison L. Davis, Adam J. Sillman, Sanford Owen, Robert C. Michalak, Anna M. Fiore, Arlene M. TI Observed suppression of ozone formation at extremely high temperatures due to chemical and biophysical feedbacks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atmospheric chemistry; isoprene; meteorology; PAN ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; ELECTRICITY DEMAND; URBAN; CALIFORNIA; SENSITIVITY; ISOPRENE; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB Ground level ozone concentrations ([O-3]) typically show a direct linear relationship with surface air temperature. Three decades of California measurements provide evidence of a statistically significant change in the ozone-temperature slope (Delta m(O3-T)) under extremely high temperatures (>312 K). This Delta m(O3-T) leads to a plateau or decrease in [O-3], reflecting the diminished role of nitrogen oxide sequestration by peroxyacetyl nitrates and reduced biogenic isoprene emissions at high temperatures. Despite inclusion of these processes in global and regional chemistry-climate models, a statistically significant change in Delta m(O3-T) has not been noted in prior studies. Future climate projections suggest a more frequent and spatially widespread occurrence of this Delta m(O3-T) response, confounding predictions of extreme ozone events based on the historically observed linear relationship. C1 [Steiner, Allison L.; Davis, Adam J.; Sillman, Sanford; Owen, Robert C.; Michalak, Anna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Michalak, Anna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Steiner, AL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM alsteiner@umich.edu RI Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; OI Sillman, Sanford/0000-0001-6250-1191 FU National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; NOAA; EPA; Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83337701-0] FX We thank Frank Marsik and Sharon Zhong for helpful comments and suggestions on this work. We acknowledge the use of the CARB ozone data and the EPA PAMS isoprene data. We thank the Naval Postgraduate Research Laboratory for the use of boundary layer height data, and the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. We thank NARCCAP for providing the future climate simulations (funded by the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, NOAA, and the EPA). S.S. was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency to Achieve Results Program Grant RD-83337701-0. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 16 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 46 BP 19685 EP 19690 DI 10.1073/pnas.1008336107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 680UT UT WOS:000284261800019 PM 21041679 ER PT J AU Kazakov, A Muzny, CD Diky, V Chirico, RD Frenkel, M AF Kazakov, Andrei Muzny, Chris D. Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Frenkel, Michael TI Predictive correlations based on large experimental datasets: Critical constants for pure compounds SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Correlation; Critical properties; Empirical modeling; Property estimation; Quantitative Structure-Property; Relationships; Support Vector Machines ID THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; IMPORTANT ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SUPPORT VECTOR REGRESSION; WAALS SURFACE-AREA; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GENERALIZED EXPRESSION; COMPONENT PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; NORMAL-ALKANES AB A framework for development of estimation methods is demonstrated using prediction of critical constants for pure compounds as an example. The dataset of critical temperature T(c) and critical pressure p(c) for over 850 compounds used in the present work was extracted from the TRC SOURCE data archival system and is based exclusively on experimental values taken from the literature. Experimental T(c) and p(c) values were critically evaluated using the methods of robust regression and their uncertainties were assigned in a rigorous manner. The correlations for critical constants were developed based on Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) methodology combined with the Support Vector Machines (SVM) regression. The propagation of the experimental uncertainties into the predictions produced by the correlations was also assessed using a procedure based on stochastic sampling. The new method is shown to perform significantly better than a number of commonly used estimation methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kazakov, Andrei; Muzny, Chris D.; Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kazakov, A (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrei.kazakov@nist.gov NR 74 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 298 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2010.07.014 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 665GP UT WOS:000283023700017 ER PT J AU Kiffney, PM Richardson, JS AF Kiffney, Peter M. Richardson, John S. TI Organic matter inputs into headwater streams of southwestern British Columbia as a function of riparian reserves and time since harvesting SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Climate; Forestry; Headwater streams; Pacific coastal ecoregion; Particulate organic matter; Riparian reserves ID FOOD-WEB; RED ALDER; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; FOREST SUCCESSION; BUFFER WIDTH; LITTER FALL; RAIN-FOREST; CLEAR-CUT; INVERTEBRATE; ECOSYSTEM AB Riparian vegetation strongly influences the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: therefore, harvest of riparian trees can profoundly impact these habitats. Riparian reserves (no harvest zones) are used world-wide to reduce these impacts, including effects on organic matter dynamics. There are, however, few experimental evaluations of their efficacy. Particulate organic matter delivery from riparian vegetation to streams, a critical ecosystem process, was measured over an eight year period after logging in southwestern British Columbia, Canada to quantify the relationship between these litter fluxes and riparian reserves (unlogged controls, 30 and 10-m wide uncut reserves, and clear-cuts). We hypothesized that the timing, composition and quantity of organic matter entering these streams would vary as a function of reserve width, but that these differences would decline with time since logging. We also hypothesized that inter-annual variation in precipitation patterns would partially contribute to litter dynamics. Riparian treatment significantly affected the quantity and composition of litter flux: inputs of needles and twigs were significantly lower and proportion of deciduous litter higher in clear-cut streams compared to other treatments. ANOVA models indicated that treatment differences in litter flux persisted through year 7 for some components of litter, while regression models indicated positive trends between reserve width and litter flux through year 8. This positive slope indicates the clear-cut treatment had yet to recover from logging. Variation in snowfall and plant succession contributed to temporal variation in litter flux; in some cases, litter inputs increased with annual snowfall. Another key finding from this study was that riparian reserves provided total litter inputs to streams that were similar to fully forested controls. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kiffney, Peter M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm,Mukilteo Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Richardson, John S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm,Mukilteo Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov; john.richardson@ubc.ca RI Richardson, John/G-1513-2012 OI Richardson, John/0000-0001-8135-7447 FU FIA; National Marine Fisheries Service FX This project enlisted the assistance of numerous individuals, and we particularly note the field and laboratory work provided by J. Bull, C. Phelan, and W. Gibson. The staff of the Malcolm Knapp Research Forest has provided superb logistical assistance throughout the life of this project. Y. Miquelajauregui generously provided a copy of this thesis. The project was funded by grants from the FIA-Forest Sciences Program (BC) Grants and support for PMK from National Marine Fisheries Service. Comments by B. Palik, M. Pollock, T. Beechie, T. Collier, P. Roni and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 73 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 260 IS 11 BP 1931 EP 1942 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.016 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 682ID UT WOS:000284393700001 ER PT J AU Sebastian, CP Salvador, J Martin, JB Kanatzidis, MG AF Sebastian, C. Peter Salvador, James Martin, Joshua B. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI New Intermetallics YbAu2In4 and Yb2Au3In5 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VALENCE PHASE-TRANSITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PRISMATIC ENVIRONMENTS; BAAL4-TYPE STRUCTURES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GOLD SUBSTITUTION; IN SYSTEMS; AU; STANNIDES AB The intermetallic compounds YbAu2In4 and Yb2Au3In5 were obtained as single crystals in high yield from reactions run in liquid indium. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of YbAu2In4 showed that it crystallizes as a new structure type in the monoclinic space group P 2(1)/m and lattice constants a = 7.6536(19) angstrom, b = 4.5424(11) angstrom, c = 9.591(2) angstrom and beta = 107.838(4)degrees. The YbAu2In4 compound is composed of a complex [Au2In4](3-) polyanionic network in which the rare-earth ions are embedded. Yb2Au3In5 crystallizes in the polar space group Cmc2(1) with the Y2Rh3Sn5 type structure and lattice constants a = 4.5351(9) angstrom, b = 26.824(5) angstrom, and c = 7.4641(15) angstrom. The gold and Indium atoms define a complex three-dimensional [Au3In5] network with a broad range of Au-In (2.751(2) angstrom-3.0518(16) angstrom) and In-In (3.062(3) angstrom-3.3024(19) angstrom) distances. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of YbAu2In4 revealed a transition at 25 K. Below the transition, the susceptibility of YbAu2In4 follows Curie-Weiss behavior with an effective paramagnetic moment of 0.79 mu(B)/Yb. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on Yb2Au3In5 show a mixed valent ytterbium and the magnetic moment within the linear region (<100 K) of 1.95 mu(B)/Yb. Heat capacity data for YbAu2In4 and Yb2Au3In5 give Debye temperatures of 185 and 153 K, respectively. C1 [Sebastian, C. Peter; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Salvador, James] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Martin, Joshua B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Funct Properties Grp, Div Ceram, MATLS A256, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 N Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu RI Peter, Sebastian/A-2666-2013 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46356]; NSF [DMR-0520513] FX Financial support from the Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-07ER46356) is gratefully acknowledged. Use was made of facilities operated by the Northwestern Materials Research Center under NSF Grant DMR-0520513. Technical support was provided by Dr. O. Chernyashevskyy. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 22 BP 10468 EP 10474 DI 10.1021/ic101502e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 675FC UT WOS:000283810800037 PM 20961134 ER PT J AU Wang, GH Wang, CZ Huang, RX AF Wang, Guihua Wang, Chunzai Huang, Rui Xin TI Interdecadal Variability of the Eastward Current in the South China Sea Associated with the Summer Asian Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; KUROSHIO; DYNAMICS; OCEAN AB Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset and three types of Sverdrup streamfunction, an interdecadal variability of the eastward current in the middle South China Sea (SCS) during summer is identified. Both the pattern and strength of the summer Asian monsoon wind stress curl over the SCS contribute to the interdecadal variability of this current. From 1960 to 1979, the monsoon intensified and the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward. Both the core of positive wind stress curl in the northern SCS and the negative curl in the southern SCS moved southward and thus induced a southward shift of both the southern anticyclonic and northern cyclonic gyres, resulting in a southward displacement of the eastward current associated with these two gyres. In the meantime, the southern (northern) SCS anticyclonic (cyclonic) ocean gyre weakened (strengthened) and therefore also induced the southward shift of the eastward current near the intergyre boundary. In contrast, the eastward current shifted northward from 1980 to 1998 because the monsoon relaxed and the zero wind stress curl line shifted northward. After 1998, the eastward jet moved southward again as the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward and the SCS monsoon strengthened. The eastward current identified from the baroclinic streamfunction moved about 1.7 degrees more southward than that from the barotropic stream function, indicating that the meridional position of the eastward current is depth dependent. C1 [Wang, Guihua] SOA, SIO, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Huang, Rui Xin] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Wang, GH (reprint author), Second Inst Oceanog, 36 Baochubei Rd, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM guihua_wanggh@yahoo.com.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Basic Research Program [2007CB816003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40976077, 40730843, 40876004] FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program (Grant 2007CB816003) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 40976077, 40730843, and 40876004). We also thank Dr. Cai Shuqun, who kindly provided the code for calculating the Rossby wave speed; and Mr. Ling Zheng, who helped prepare the manuscript. Helpful comments from the three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 22 BP 6115 EP 6123 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3607.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693MG UT WOS:000285227600017 ER PT J AU Compo, GP Sardeshmukh, PD AF Compo, Gilbert P. Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Removing ENSO-related variations from the climate record (vol 23, pg 1957, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Compo, GP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 23 IS 22 BP 6124 EP 6127 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI4024.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 693MG UT WOS:000285227600018 ER PT J AU Polito, MJ Goebel, ME AF Polito, Michael J. Goebel, Michael E. TI Investigating the use of stable isotope analysis of milk to infer seasonal trends in the diets and foraging habitats of female Antarctic fur seals SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antarctic fur seal; Arctocephalus gazella; Diets; Milk; Stable isotopes ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PETERS; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; BREEDING-SEASON; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH DIET; CARBON; GEORGIA; TISSUES; PREY AB The use of intrinsic biomarkers to infer the foraging ecology of marine predators has become a common alternative to traditional methods of estimating diets and foraging behavior. In this study we examined the ability of the stable isotope analysis (delta N-15 and delta C-13) of milk to infer seasonal variations in the diets and foraging habitats of female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) breeding at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica. We found that the stable nitrogen values of lipid-free milk were correlated with seasonal changes in female diet composition during the lactation period identified from scat collections. While we could not fully quantifying female diets using isotopic analysis, evidence from both scat collections and stable isotope analysis suggest that Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) remained a major dietary item throughout lactation. In addition, these two methods independently highlighted the increasing importance of fish and squid in the diets of females as the season progresses. Furthermore, the isotopic values of milk collected during the perinatal fast suggest that females may be foraging in high productivity areas north of the South Shetland Islands and consume a larger proportion of fish and/or squid prior to parturition. While more confirmatory studies are needed to refine these methods, our results suggests that the delta N-15 and delta C-13 values of lipid-free milk can be used as a proxy to describe the foraging ecology of female Antarctic fur seals prior to and across the lactation period. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polito, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. EM mjp7454@uncw.edu RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431 FU US AMLR FX Many thanks to the field teams at Cape Sherriff those who helped collect data associated with this study: C. Champagne, S. Freeman S, R Haner, R. Holt and B. McDonald. Thank you to A. Van Cise, J. Lipsky, J. Seminoff, N. Spear, and J. Walsh for assistance with scat processing, otolith identification, and lipid extraction of milk and prey samples. S. Emslie, C. Tobias and K. Durenberger provided assistance with stable isotope analysis. Thanks to J. Blum for statistical advice and assistance. A. Satake and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful revisions to this manuscript. This research was funded by the US AMLR Program. All studies were conducted according to US law, and under approved animal use protocols in conjunction with Antarctic Conservation Act and U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act Permits (#774-1847-02). [ST] NR 68 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.015 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683YF UT WOS:000284513500001 ER PT J AU Stickle, WB Lindeberg, M Rice, SD AF Stickle, William B. Lindeberg, Mandy Rice, Stanley D. TI Seasonal freezing adaptations of the mid-intertidal gastropod Nucella lima from southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Activity patterns; Colligative osmolytes; Freeze events; Freeze tolerance; Nucella lima; Supercooling point ID MELAMPUS-BIDENTATUS SAY; LITTORINA-LITTOREA L; PULMONATE GASTROPOD; THERMAL-STRESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE NUCLEATOR; TOLERANCE; SNAILS; INVERTEBRATES; SALINITY AB Nucella lima from the mid-intertidal zone of Bridget and Sunshine Cove, Alaska is exposed to multiple freezing emersion events during the winter. The average duration of low tide when the air temperature fell below 0 degrees C increased from 2.91 to 6.78 h between the lower limit and upper limit of the intertidal range of N. lima. Air temperatures below freezing were observed between October 20, 2007 and April 20, 2008. Snails cease feeding and move into crevices, under boulders or into the sediment at the base of rocks in the winter which potentially minimizes their exposure to freezing events. Egg capsules were also observed in the snail habitat between September 27, 2007 and March 12, 2008. Snails supercool below the freezing point of seawater which delays freezing during tidal cycle related emersion. The supercooling point of snail tissues does not vary seasonally. Air temperatures below the maximum supercooling temperature of snails (-4.94 degrees C) occurred multiple times in December 2007 and January and February 2008. The freeze tolerance of N. lima varies seasonally and is always below the supercooling point indicating that N. lima physiologically tolerates freezing. It is likely that the seasonal synthesis of cellular compatible osmolytes is responsible for the seasonal variation in freeze tolerance: Quantitatively important compatible osmolytes which are found in higher concentration in the winter versus the summer in foot tissue of snails are total free amino acids, taurine (119 mol.Kg wet(-1)), and glycine (43 mol.Kg wet(-1)). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stickle, William B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lindeberg, Mandy; Rice, Stanley D.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Stickle, WB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM zostic@lsu.edu FU Louisiana Sea Grant FX WBS gratefully acknowledges Louisiana State University for granting him a sabbatical leave for the spring semester of the 200607 academic year which allowed him to initiate this project. We are also thankful to Louisiana Sea Grant for awarding an undergraduate research opportunities (UROP) grant to Kevin Vu who assisted with the freeze tolerance, supercooling, and snail activity experiments in June 2009 and in performing temperature probe analysis from the Pro V 2 Hobo temperature probe transects placed in the rocky intertidal zone at Bridget Cove, AK. Ms. Jinny Johnson of the Texas A&M Texas A&M University Protein Chemistry Laboratory was a pleasure to work with. [SS] NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.022 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683YF UT WOS:000284513500014 ER PT J AU Kimball, ME Rozas, LP Boswell, KM Cowan, JH AF Kimball, Matthew E. Rozas, Lawrence P. Boswell, Kevin M. Cowan, James H., Jr. TI Evaluating the effect of slot size and environmental variables on the passage of estuarine nekton through a water control structure SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acoustic imaging; Nekton; Passage; Salt marsh; Slot; Water control structure ID CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED; ECOLOGICAL RELEVANCE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; COASTAL FISHES; SALT MARSHES; SONAR IMAGES; RIVER; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Water control structures (WCSs) installed to regulate water levels can alter both the hydrology and ecology of salt marshes. WCSs are thought to limit nekton ingress into, and egress from, managed marshes. Slots (vertical openings that span most of the water column) incorporated into WCSs are thought to facilitate nekton passage through structures, but little research has directly examined how slot size affects passage rates. We used dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) acoustic imaging to examine the effect of slot width (10, 15, 30, or 60 cm), tidal cycle, diel period, and season on nekton passage at a WCS located in a tidal salt marsh canal. Few individuals (total numbers and relative percentages) used the slots for passage through the structure during any stage of the tidal cycle, day or night, or seasonally. The number and size of migrants were similar for all four slot sizes examined. Nekton used the slots most often on flood tides to access the managed marsh (i.e., swim inside), primarily at night. Individuals entering the managed marsh were larger than those observed leaving the managed marsh. Whereas the majority of migrants were observed during winter months, season did not affect nekton passage in our study. Acoustic imaging allowed a unique and comprehensive evaluation of nekton passage by permitting an examination of factors such as swimming direction and proportion of migrants that are unobservable with other sampling techniques. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kimball, Matthew E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Kimball, Matthew E.; Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA NMFS SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Boswell, Kevin M.; Cowan, James H., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Kimball, ME (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM mekimball@agcenter.lsu.edu RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016 OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541 FU Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission; Louisiana Department of Wildlife Fisheries FX This project was funded by the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries. We thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries (H. Finley), Louisiana Department of Natural Resources (B. Richard), Louisiana State University AgCenter (M. La Peyre, L Broussard), NMFS Habitat Conservation Division (P. Williams, R. Sweeney, R. Hartman), University of Louisiana at Lafayette (S. Martin, S. Nanez-James), and the USGS National Wetlands Research Center (T. Doyle, W. Norling, D. Anders) for their assistance. The suggestions of T. Minello, A. Chester, and two anonymous reviewers improved the original manuscript. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. [RH] NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.09.003 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 683YF UT WOS:000284513500023 ER PT J AU Eakin, CM Morgan, JA Heron, SF Smith, TB Liu, G Alvarez-Filip, L Baca, B Bartels, E Bastidas, C Bouchon, C Brandt, M Bruckner, AW Bunkley-Williams, L Cameron, A Causey, BD Chiappone, M Christensen, TRL Crabbe, MJC Day, O de la Guardia, E Diaz-Pulido, G DiResta, D Gil-Agudelo, DL Gilliam, DS Ginsburg, RN Gore, S Guzman, HM Hendee, JC Hernandez-Delgado, EA Husain, E Jeffrey, CFG Jones, RJ Jordan-Dahlgren, E Kaufman, LS Kline, DI Kramer, PA Lang, JC Lirman, D Mallela, J Manfrino, C Marechal, JP Marks, K Mihaly, J Miller, WJ Mueller, EM Muller, EM Toro, CAO Oxenford, HA Ponce-Taylor, D Quinn, N Ritchie, KB Rodriguez, S Ramirez, AR Romano, S Samhouri, JF Sanchez, JA Schmahl, GP Shank, BV Skirving, WJ Steiner, SCC Villamizar, E Walsh, SM Walter, C Weil, E Williams, EH Roberson, KW Yusuf, Y AF Eakin, C. Mark Morgan, Jessica A. Heron, Scott F. Smith, Tyler B. Liu, Gang Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo Baca, Bart Bartels, Erich Bastidas, Carolina Bouchon, Claude Brandt, Marilyn Bruckner, Andrew W. Bunkley-Williams, Lucy Cameron, Andrew Causey, Billy D. Chiappone, Mark Christensen, Tyler R. L. Crabbe, M. James C. Day, Owen de la Guardia, Elena Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo DiResta, Daniel Gil-Agudelo, Diego L. Gilliam, David S. Ginsburg, Robert N. Gore, Shannon Guzman, Hector M. Hendee, James C. Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A. Husain, Ellen Jeffrey, Christopher F. G. Jones, Ross J. Jordan-Dahlgren, Eric Kaufman, Les S. Kline, David I. Kramer, Philip A. Lang, Judith C. Lirman, Diego Mallela, Jennie Manfrino, Carrie Marechal, Jean-Philippe Marks, Ken Mihaly, Jennifer Miller, W. Jeff Mueller, Erich M. Muller, Erinn M. Orozco Toro, Carlos A. Oxenford, Hazel A. Ponce-Taylor, Daniel Quinn, Norman Ritchie, Kim B. Rodriguez, Sebastian Rodriguez Ramirez, Alberto Romano, Sandra Samhouri, Jameal F. Sanchez, Juan A. Schmahl, George P. Shank, Burton V. Skirving, William J. Steiner, Sascha C. C. Villamizar, Estrella Walsh, Sheila M. Walter, Cory Weil, Ernesto Williams, Ernest H. Roberson, Kimberly Woody Yusuf, Yusri TI Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and Mortality in 2005 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; REEF; EVENT; TEMPERATURE; HURRICANES; SEVERITY; DISEASES AB Background: The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin. Methodology/Principal Findings: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles. Conclusions/Significance: Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate. C1 [Eakin, C. Mark; Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.; Roberson, Kimberly Woody] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Morgan, Jessica A.; Liu, Gang; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.] ReefSense Pty Ltd, NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Smith, Tyler B.; Brandt, Marilyn; Romano, Sandra] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI USA. [Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo] Parque Nacl Arrecifes Cozumel, Cozumel, Mexico. [Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Baca, Bart] CSA S Inc, Dania, FL USA. [Bartels, Erich; Ritchie, Kim B.; Walter, Cory] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Coral Reef Res, Summerland Key, FL USA. [Bastidas, Carolina; Rodriguez, Sebastian] Univ Simon Bolivar, Inst Tecnol & Ciencias Marinas, Caracas, Venezuela. [Bouchon, Claude] Univ Antilles Guyane, Biol Marine Lab, Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe. [Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD USA. [Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Weil, Ernesto; Williams, Ernest H.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Cameron, Andrew; Ponce-Taylor, Daniel] Global Vis Int & Amigos Sian Kaan Asociac Civil, Playa Del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Causey, Billy D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Key West, FL USA. [Chiappone, Mark] Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Key Largo, FL USA. [Crabbe, M. James C.] Univ Bedfordshire, Luton Inst Res Appl Nat Sci, Luton, Beds, England. [Day, Owen] Buccoo Reef Trust, Carnbee, Trinid & Tobago. [de la Guardia, Elena] Univ La Habana, Ctr Invest Marinas, Havana, Cuba. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Univ Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia. [DiResta, Daniel] Univ Miami, Marine & Atmospher Sci Program, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Gil-Agudelo, Diego L.; Rodriguez Ramirez, Alberto] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia. [Gilliam, David S.] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL USA. [Ginsburg, Robert N.; Lirman, Diego] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Virginia Key, FL USA. [Guzman, Hector M.; Kline, David I.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Hendee, James C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Appl Trop Ecol & Conservat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Husain, Ellen] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England. [Jones, Ross J.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Jordan-Dahlgren, Eric] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Kaufman, Les S.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kline, David I.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Kramer, Philip A.] Nature Conservancy, Sugarloaf Key, FL USA. [Lang, Judith C.; Marks, Ken] Ocean Res & Educ Fdn Inc, Coral Gables, FL USA. [Mallela, Jennie] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. [Mallela, Jennie] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Manfrino, Carrie] Cent Caribbean Marine Inst, Union, NJ USA. [Manfrino, Carrie] Kean Univ, Union, NJ USA. [Marechal, Jean-Philippe] Observ Milieu Marin Martiniquais, Fort De France, Martinique. [Mihaly, Jennifer] Reef Check, Pacific Palisades, CA USA. [Miller, W. Jeff] S Florida Caribbean Network, St John, VI USA. [Mueller, Erich M.] Perry Inst Marine Sci, Jupiter, FL USA. [Muller, Erinn M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Orozco Toro, Carlos A.] Corp Desarrollo Sostenible Archipielago San Andre, San Andres Isla, Colombia. [Oxenford, Hazel A.] Univ W Indies, Ctr Resource Management & Environm Studies, Cave Hill, Barbados. [Quinn, Norman] Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Christiansted, VI USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Sanchez, Juan A.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia. [Schmahl, George P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Galveston, TX USA. [Shank, Burton V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Steiner, Sascha C. C.] Inst Trop Marine Ecol Inc, Roseau, Dominica. [Villamizar, Estrella] Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool Trop, Caracas, Venezuela. [Walsh, Sheila M.] Brown Univ, Environm Change Initiat, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Yusuf, Yusri] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Inst Oceanog, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. [Yusuf, Yusri] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, ReefBase, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM coralreefwatch@noaa.gov RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Morgan, Jessica/E-7926-2011; Christensen, Tyler/E-7922-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/C-9552-2011; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo/B-3648-2013; Manfrino, Carrie /F-7588-2013; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010 OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149; Manfrino, Carrie/0000-0002-3129-9629; Mallela, Jennie/0000-0002-7811-6850; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/0000-0002-5726-7238; Hendee, James/0000-0002-4799-5354 FU NOAA FX This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 13 U2 140 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e13969 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013969 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 680KW UT WOS:000284231800007 PM 21125021 ER PT J AU Montes-Hugo, MA Churnside, JH Gould, RW Arnone, RA Foy, R AF Montes-Hugo, M. A. Churnside, J. H. Gould, R. W. Arnone, R. A. Foy, R. TI Spatial coherence between remotely sensed ocean color data and vertical distribution of lidar backscattering in coastal stratified waters SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Vertical structure; Inherent optical properties; Statistical modes; Ocean color; Passive optical data; Backscattering; Lidar; Alaska; Coastal waters ID DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; NATURAL-WATERS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL; ATLANTIC; LIGHT; MODEL; BIGHT; SHIP AB Detection of sub-surface optical layers in marine waters has important applications in fisheries management, climate modeling, and decision-based systems related to military operations. Concurrent changes in the magnitude and spatial variability of remote sensing reflectance (R(rs)) ratios and submerged scattering layers were investigated in coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska during summer of 2002 based on high resolution and simultaneous passive (MicroSAS) and active (Fish Lidar Oceanic Experimental, FLOE) optical measurements. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the spatial variability of total lidar backscattering signal (5) between 2.1 and 20 m depth was weakly associated with changes in the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of surface waters. Also based on a 250-m footprint, the vertical attenuation of S was inversely related to the IOPs (Spearman Rank Correlation up to -0.43). Low (arithmetic average and standard deviation) and high (skewness and kurtosis) moments of R(rs)(443)/R(rs)(490) and R(rs)(508)/R(rs)(555) ratios were correlated with vertical changes in total lidar backscattering signal (5) at different locations. This suggests the use of sub-pixel ocean color statistics to infer the spatial distribution of sub-surface scattering layers in coastal waters characterized by stratified conditions, well defined S layers (i.e., magnitude of S maximum comparable to near surface values), and relatively high vertically integrated phytoplankton pigments in the euphotic zone (chlorophyll a concentration >150 mg m(-2)). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Montes-Hugo, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Churnside, J. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Montes-Hugo, M. A.; Gould, R. W.; Arnone, R. A.] NASA, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Foy, R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Montes-Hugo, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. EM mmontes@ngi.msstate.edu RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NRL [PE0601153N] FX This work was supported by the NRL internal project "3D Remote Sensing with a Multiple-Band Active and Passive System: Theoretical Basis", PE0601153N. We thank the captain and crew of the FV Laura of Kodiak, the pilot of the aircraft, and Tim Veenstra at Airborne Technologies Inc. (Wasilla, Alaska). NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2584 EP 2593 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.023 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000017 ER PT J AU Castro, SL Wick, GA Minnett, PJ Jessup, AT Emery, WJ AF Castro, Sandra L. Wick, Gary A. Minnett, Peter J. Jessup, Andrew T. Emery, William J. TI The impact of measurement uncertainty and spatial variability on the accuracy of skin and subsurface regression-based sea surface temperature algorithms SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SST uncertainty; Spatial and temporal variability; Instrument noise; Skin and subsurface regression; MCSST algorithm accuracy ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SATELLITE; RADIOMETER; RETRIEVAL; CIRIMS; ERRORS AB An ongoing limitation of common regression-based infrared (IR) satellite sea surface temperature (SST) algorithms has been the lack of sufficient in situ skin temperature measurements for derivation of the algorithm coefficients. Since IR brightness temperatures respond to the skin temperature, use of the more numerous subsurface observations to tune the algorithms introduces uncertainty into the resulting SST products. Coincident in situ skin and subsurface SST measurements from three years of cruises are used to derive parallel skin and subsurface multichannel SST (MCSST)-type regression algorithms to determine the extent to which improved accuracy can be obtained using the skin measurements. Through use of only coincident measurements, the advantage offered by the greater volume of available subsurface observations is eliminated. Surprisingly, we find no accuracy improvement using skin SST algorithms relative to algorithms derived from the research-grade ship-borne subsurface temperature measurements used in our analysis. However, better accuracy was found relative to algorithms derived from subsurface observations whose accuracy was degraded to that of buoys. The results are robust with regard to satellite resolution, collocation criteria, geographical regions, and time of day. The accuracy differences are found to be generally consistent with the effects of: (1) increased measurement uncertainty of radiometric measurements relative to research-grade subsurface observations, and (2) differences in spatial variability between the skin SST and temperature-at-depth. The subsurface algorithms are regenerated after degrading the subsurface measurements by adding increasing levels of Gaussian white noise to determine the amplitude of the additional variability required to ensure equal accuracy between the skin and subsurface products. The required supplemental noise ranges between 0.10 and 0.17 K for all data combined and generally decreases with tighter collocation windows and higher-resolution satellite observations. Variogram analysis and filtering of the in situ measurements suggest that differences in measurement uncertainty between the infrared radiometers and the subsurface sensors can explain 0.07-0.10 K of the required noise, while differences in spatial variability with depth can account for up to 0.07-0.10 K of the residual noise. A key consequence is that spatial averages of the skin temperature over satellite footprints of 2 km or more, while potentially biased in the mean, may exhibit less variance relative to point samples of the subsurface temperature than to the actual radiometric skin temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castro, Sandra L.; Emery, William J.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Minnett, Peter J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jessup, Andrew T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Castro, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, CCAR 431 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sandrac@colorado.edu RI Castro, Sandra/A-4979-2012; Jessup, Andrew/E-5625-2017; OI Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082 FU National Oceanography Partnership Project (NOPP); NASA [NNX08AI81G] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Oceanography Partnership Project (NOPP) and the NASA Physical Oceanography Program (grant NNX08AI81G, E. Lindstrom, Program Manager). We thank the three anonymous reviewers for the very constructive comments and suggestions. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2666 EP 2678 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.06.003 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000023 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Lyapustin, AI Privette, JL Cook, RB SanthanaVannan, SK Vermote, EF Schaaf, CL AF Wang, Yujie Lyapustin, Alexei I. Privette, Jeffrey L. Cook, Robert B. SanthanaVannan, Suresh K. Vermote, Eric F. Schaaf, Crystal L. TI Assessment of biases in MODIS surface reflectance due to Lambertian approximation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Surface reflectance; Surface albedo; MODIS; Atmospheric correction; AERONET; Aeronet based surface reflectance validation network (ASRVN); Aerosol; Ross-thick-li-sparse BRDF model ID ALBEDO; LAND; BRDF; RADIOMETER; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS; AERONET; SPACE AB Using MODIS data and the AERONET-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN), this work studies errors of MODIS atmospheric correction caused by the Lambertian approximation. On one hand, this approximation greatly simplifies the radiative transfer model, reduces the size of the look-up tables, and makes operational algorithm faster. On the other hand, uncompensated atmospheric scattering caused by Lambertian model systematically biases the results. For example, for a typical bowl-shaped bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), the derived reflectance is underestimated at high solar or view zenith angles, where BRDF is high, and is overestimated at low zenith angles where BRDF is low. The magnitude of biases grows with the amount of scattering in the atmosphere, i.e., at shorter wavelengths and at higher aerosol concentration. The slope of regression of lambertian surface reflectance vs. ASRVN bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) is about 0.85 in the red and 0.6 in the green bands. This error propagates into the MODIS BRDF/albedo algorithm, slightly reducing the magnitude of overall reflectance and anisotropy of BRDF. This results in a small negative bias of spectral surface albedo. An assessment for the GSFC (Greenbelt, USA) validation site shows the albedo reduction by 0.004 in the near infrared, 0.005 in the red, and 0.008 in the green MODIS bands. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Yujie] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Cook, Robert B.; SanthanaVannan, Suresh K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab DAAC, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Vermote, Eric F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal L.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM yujie.wang@nasa.gov RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014; OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302 FU NASA [NNX08AE94A] FX The research of A. Lyapustin and Y. Wang was funded by the NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program (Dr. Wickland). C. Schaaf was funded by the NASA grant NNX08AE94A. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 2791 EP 2801 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.06.013 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 655IE UT WOS:000282242000033 ER PT J AU Wetzel, DL Reynolds, JE Sprinkel, JM Schwacke, L Mercurio, P Rommel, SA AF Wetzel, Dana L. Reynolds, John E., III Sprinkel, Jay M. Schwacke, Lori Mercurio, Philip Rommel, Sentiel A. TI Fatty acid profiles as a potential lipidomic biomarker of exposure to brevetoxin for endangered Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Manatee; Fatty acid; FASA; Brevetoxin; Biomarker ID WARM-WATER REFUGES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; KARENIA-BREVIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ALGAL TOXINS; RED TIDE; SEALS; ECOSYSTEMS; METABOLISM; SIGNATURES AB Fatty acid signature analysis (FASA) is an important tool by which marine mammal scientists gain insight into foraging ecology Fatty acid profiles (resulting from FASA) represent a potential biomarker to assess exposure to natural and anthropogenic stressors Florida manatees are well studied and an excellent necropsy program provides a basis against which to assess this budding tool Results using samples from 54 manatees assigned to four cause-of-death categories indicated that those animals exposed to or that died due to brevetoxin exposure (red tide or RT samples) demonstrate a distinctive hepatic fatty acid profile Discriminant function analysis indicated that hepatic fatty acids could be used to classify RT versus non-RT liver samples with reasonable certainty A discriminant function was derived based on 8 fatty acids which correctly classified 100% of samples from a training dataset (10 RT and 25 non-RT) and 85% of samples in a cross-validation dataset (5 RT and 13 non-RT) Of the latter dataset, all RI samples were correctly classified but two of thirteen non-RT samples were incorrectly classified However the "incorrect" samples came from manatees that died due to other causes during documented red tide outbreaks thus although the proximal cause of death was due to watercraft collisions exposure to brevetoxin may have affected these individuals in ways that increased their vulnerability This use of FASA could a) provide an additional forensic tool to help scientists and managers to understand cause of death or debilitation due to exposure to red tide in manatees b) serve as a model that could be applied to studies to improve assessments of cause of death in other marine mammals and c) be used as in humans to help diagnose metabolic disorders or disease states in manatees and other species (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Wetzel, Dana L.; Reynolds, John E., III; Sprinkel, Jay M.; Mercurio, Philip] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Schwacke, Lori] NOAA NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rommel, Sentiel A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Marine Mammal Pathobiol Lab, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. RP Wetzel, DL (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. FU Mote Scientific Foundation; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Reliant Energy and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC); US Marine Mammal Commission FX Support for this study was provided by the Mote Scientific Foundation the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund the Reliant Energy and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) In addition the US Marine Mammal Commission provided support to Wetzel NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 15 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 24 BP 6124 EP 6133 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.043 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691HL UT WOS:000285070800010 PM 20880571 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Cloessner, EA Chou, YC Picraux, LB Hougen, JT Lavrich, R AF Ilyushin, Vadim V. Cloessner, Emily A. Chou, Yung-Ching Picraux, Laura B. Hougen, Jon T. Lavrich, Richard TI A microwave study of hydrogen-transfer-triggered methyl-group rotation in 5-methyltropolone SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-ROTATION; PROTON-TRANSFER; SPECTRUM; STATE; 2-METHYLMALONALDEHYDE; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; TROPOLONE; DYNAMICS; AMINE AB We present here the first experimental and theoretical study of the microwave spectrum of 5-methyltropolone, which can be visualized as a seven-membered "aromatic" carbon ring with a five-membered hydrogen-bonded cyclic structure at the top and a methyl group at the bottom. The molecule is known from earlier studies in the literature to exhibit two large-amplitude motions, an intramolecular hydrogen transfer and a methyl torsion. The former motion is particularly interesting because transfer of the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl to the carbonyl group induces a tautomerization in the molecule, which then triggers a 60 degrees internal rotation of the methyl group. Measurements were carried out by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy in the 8-24 GHz frequency range. Theoretical analysis was carried out using a tunneling-rotational Hamiltonian based on a G(12)(m) extended-group-theory formalism. Our global fit of 1015 transitions to 20 molecular parameters gave a root-mean-square deviation of 1.5 kHz. The tunneling splitting of the two J=0 levels arising from a hypothetical pure hydrogen-transfer motion is calculated to be 1310 MHz. The tunneling splitting of the two J=0 levels arising from a hypothetical pure methyl top internal-rotation motion is calculated to be 885 MHz. We have also carried out ab initio calculations, which support the structural parameters determined from our spectroscopic analysis and give estimates of the barriers to the two large-amplitude motions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3493336] C1 [Cloessner, Emily A.; Lavrich, Richard] Coll Charleston, Dept Chem & Biochem, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Ilyushin, Vadim V.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Chou, Yung-Ching] Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Dept Nat Sci, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. [Picraux, Laura B.] Sun Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. [Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lavrich, R (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Chem & Biochem, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. EM lavrichr@cofc.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Research Corporation; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2] FX This program was supported in part by a grant to the College of Charleston from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the Undergraduate Science Education Program. R. L. thanks Research Corporation for funding. Y.-C.C. thanks the National Science Council of Taiwan (Grant No. NSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2) for support and the National Center for High-performance Computing of Taiwan for computer time and facilities. V. V. I. expresses his appreciation to Dr. Frank J. Lovas for guidance with the FTMW measurements at NIST. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 18 AR 184307 DI 10.1063/1.3493336 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 679OM UT WOS:000284170700017 PM 21073223 ER PT J AU Rivera-Rivera, LA Wang, ZC McElmurry, BA Willaert, FF Lucchese, RR Bevan, JW Suenram, RD Lovas, FJ AF Rivera-Rivera, Luis A. Wang, Zhongcheng McElmurry, Blake A. Willaert, Fabrice F. Lucchese, Robert R. Bevan, John W. Suenram, Richard D. Lovas, Frank J. TI A ground state morphed intermolecular potential for the hydrogen bonded and van der Waals isomers in OC:HI and a prediction of an anomalous deuterium isotope effect SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITION; 2 FORMS; OC-HCL; AR; DYNAMICS; COMPLEXES AB An extended analysis of the noncovalent interaction OC:HI is reported using microwave and infrared supersonic jet spectroscopic techniques. All available spectroscopic data then provide the basis for generating an accurately determined vibrationally complete semiempirical intermolecular potential function using a four-dimensional potential coordinate morphing methodology. These results are consistent with the existence of four bound isomers: OC-HI, OC-IH, CO-HI, and CO-IH. Analysis also leads to unequivocal characterization of the common isotopic ground state as having the OC-HI structure and with the first excited state having the OC-IH structure with an energy of 3.4683(80) cm(-1) above the ground state. The potential is consistent with the following barriers between the pairs of isomers: 382(4) cm(-1) (OC-IH/OC-HI), 294(5) cm(-1) (CO-IH/CO-HI) , 324(3) cm(-1) (OC-IH/CO-IH), and 301(2) cm(-1) (OC-HI/CO-HI) defined with respect to each lower minimum. The potential is also determined to have a linear OC-IH van der Waals global equilibrium minimum structure having R-e=4.180(11) angstrom, theta(1)=0.00(1)degrees, and theta(2)=0.00(1)degrees. This is differentiated from its OC-HI ground state hydrogen bound structure having R-0=4.895(1) angstrom, (theta) over bar (1) =20.48(1)degrees, and (theta) over bar (2)=155.213(1)degrees where the distances are defined between the centers of mass of the monomers and (theta) over bar (1) and (theta) over bar (2) as cos(-1)[< cos(2)theta(i)>(1/2)] for i=1 and 2. A fundamentally new molecular phenomenon - ground state isotopic isomerization is proposed based on the generated semiempirical potential. The protonated ground state hydrogen-bonded OC-HI structure is predicted to be converted on deuteration to the corresponding ground state van der Waals OC-ID isomeric structure. This results in a large anomalous isotope effect in which the R-0 center of mass distance between monomeric components changes from 4.895(1) to 4.286(1) angstrom. Such a proposed isotopic effect is demonstrated to be a consequence of differential zero point energy factors resulting from the shallower nature of hydrogen bonding at a local potential minimum (greater quartic character of the potential) relative to the corresponding van der Waals global minimum. Further consequences of this anomalous deuterium isotope effect are also discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3505145] C1 [Rivera-Rivera, Luis A.; Wang, Zhongcheng; McElmurry, Blake A.; Willaert, Fabrice F.; Lucchese, Robert R.; Bevan, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Suenram, Richard D.; Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rivera-Rivera, LA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM bevan@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Bevan, John/B-6529-2015; OI Bevan, John/0000-0003-0264-6596; Lucchese, Robert/0000-0002-7200-3775 FU National Science Foundation; Laboratory for Submillimeter/Terahertz Science and Technology, TAMU [DMS-0216275, CHE-0541587, CHE-0613202, CHE-0911695]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [A-747]; Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, the Supercomputing Facility; Brazos HPC cluster at Texas AM University FX The National Science Foundation and the Laboratory for Submillimeter/Terahertz Science and Technology, TAMU are thanked for supporting this research through Grant Nos. DMS-0216275, CHE-0541587, CHE-0613202, and CHE-0911695. B. A. McElmurry and F. F. Willaert also thank the Robert A. Welch Foundation for financial support in the form of predoctoral fellowship under Grant No. A-747. We also thank the Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, the Supercomputing Facility, and the Brazos HPC cluster at Texas A&M University for providing support and computer time. S. A. Cooke is thanked for making available his PN-FTMW spectrometer and unpublished results prior to publication. Certain commercial products are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental or theoretical procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 18 AR 184305 DI 10.1063/1.3505145 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 679OM UT WOS:000284170700015 PM 21073221 ER PT J AU Haywood, JM Jones, A Clarisse, L Bourassa, A Barnes, J Telford, P Bellouin, N Boucher, O Agnew, P Clerbaux, C Coheur, P Degenstein, D Braesicke, P AF Haywood, James M. Jones, Andy Clarisse, Lieven Bourassa, Adam Barnes, John Telford, Paul Bellouin, Nicolas Boucher, Olivier Agnew, Paul Clerbaux, Cathy Coheur, Pierre Degenstein, Doug Braesicke, Peter TI Observations of the eruption of the Sarychev volcano and simulations using the HadGEM2 climate model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; OPTICAL-DEPTH; SOOT AEROSOL; PINATUBO; SPECTRA; SO2; INSTRUMENT; 20TH-CENTURY AB In June 2009 the Sarychev volcano located in the Kuril Islands to the northeast of Japan erupted explosively, injecting ash and an estimated 1.2 +/- 0.2 Tg of sulfur dioxide into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, making it arguably one of the 10 largest stratospheric injections in the last 50 years. During the period immediately after the eruption, we show that the sulfur dioxide (SO2) cloud was clearly detected by retrievals developed for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite instrument and that the resultant stratospheric sulfate aerosol was detected by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and CALIPSO lidar. Additional surface-based instrumentation allows assessment of the impact of the eruption on the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. We use a nudged version of the HadGEM2 climate model to investigate how well this state-of-the-science climate model can replicate the distributions of SO2 and sulfate aerosol. The model simulations and OSIRIS measurements suggest that in the Northern Hemisphere the stratospheric aerosol optical depth was enhanced by around a factor of 3 (0.01 at 550 nm), with resultant impacts upon the radiation budget. The simulations indicate that, in the Northern Hemisphere for July 2009, the magnitude of the mean radiative impact from the volcanic aerosols is more than 60% of the direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols put together. While the cooling induced by the eruption will likely not be detectable in the observational record, the combination of modeling and measurements would provide an ideal framework for simulating future larger volcanic eruptions. C1 [Haywood, James M.; Agnew, Paul] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Haywood, James M.; Jones, Andy; Bellouin, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Haywood, James M.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Clarisse, Lieven; Coheur, Pierre] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Bourassa, Adam; Degenstein, Doug] Univ Saskatchewan, ISAS, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Barnes, John] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA. [Telford, Paul; Braesicke, Peter] Univ Cambridge, NCAS Climate, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Clerbaux, Cathy] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Haywood, JM (reprint author), Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM jim.haywood@metoffice.gov.uk RI Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Clarisse, Lieven/C-3933-2011; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; OI Clarisse, Lieven/0000-0002-8805-2141; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Bellouin, Nicolas/0000-0003-2109-9559 FU UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS); EU [SCOUT-O3(505390-GOCE-CT-2004)]; CNES; F.R.S.-FNRS [M.I.S. nF.4511.08]; Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs; European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements) [C90-327]; DECC/DEFRA [GA01101] FX The work developing the nudging scheme was supported by the UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). We also acknowledge support through the EU FP6 Integrated Programme, SCOUT-O3(505390-GOCE-CT-2004). The IASI mission is a joint mission of Eumetsat and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France). J.H., A.J., N.B., and O.B. were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/DEFRA (GA01101). C. C. is grateful to CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. L. C. is Scientific Research Worker (Collaborateur Scientifique) with F.R.S.-FNRS. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS (M.I.S. nF.4511.08), the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, and the European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements C90-327). We acknowledge Paul Berrisford and the ECMWF for provision of the ECMWF operational analysis data. We would like to thank Brent Holben for maintaining the AERONET site and providing the AERONET data, NASA for providing the CALIPSO images, and Alan Robock for his useful comments on an earlier version of this work. NR 62 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D21212 DI 10.1029/2010JD014447 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680GN UT WOS:000284220500001 ER PT J AU Rykaczewski, RR Dunne, JP AF Rykaczewski, Ryan R. Dunne, John P. TI Enhanced nutrient supply to the California Current Ecosystem with global warming and increased stratification in an earth system model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; PRODUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; PACIFIC; FUTURE; WATERS; SHIFT AB A leading hypothesis relating productivity with climate variability in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) describes an alternation between warmer, well-stratified periods of low productivity and cooler periods of high productivity. This empirical relationship suggests that productivity will decline with global warming. Here, we explore the response of productivity to future climate change in the CCE using an earth system model. This model projects increases in nitrate supply and productivity in the CCE during the 21st century despite increases in stratification and limited change in wind-driven upwelling. We attribute the increased nitrate supply to enrichment of deep source waters entering the CCE resulting from decreased ventilation of the North Pacific. Decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentration and increasing acidification accompany projected increases in nitrate. This analysis illustrates that anthropogenic climate change may be unlike past variability; empirical relationships based on historical observations may be inappropriate for projecting ecosystem responses to future climate change. Citation: Rykaczewski, R. R., and J. P. Dunne (2010), Enhanced nutrient supply to the California Current Ecosystem with global warming and increased stratification in an earth system model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21606, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045019. C1 [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Rykaczewski, RR (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rrykacze@ucar.edu RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service; GFDL FX We thank Charles Stock, Ronald Stouffer, Keith Dixon, Anand Gnanadesikan, William Peterson, Frank Schwing, and Jonathan Phinney for comments and Jasmin John for technical expertise. Ann Gargett and an anonymous reviewer provided valuable criticism. We are grateful to NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and GFDL for support. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 12 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21606 DI 10.1029/2010GL045019 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 680FO UT WOS:000284218000001 ER PT J AU Shevchenko, IG Sergeev, V Kubyshkina, M Angelopoulos, V Glassmeier, KH Singer, HJ AF Shevchenko, I. G. Sergeev, V. Kubyshkina, M. Angelopoulos, V. Glassmeier, K. H. Singer, H. J. TI Estimation of magnetosphere-ionosphere mapping accuracy using isotropy boundary and THEMIS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT SHEET; PLASMA SHEET; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TAIL; SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; B2I AB It is difficult to establish the degree to which global magnetospheric mapping models are accurate, because there exists no definitive, independent method of validating such models. Toward that end we use the isotropy boundary (IB) of precipitation of energetic particles, as determined by low-altitude spacecraft. These particles are observed at ionospheric altitudes but their precipitation is governed by the magnetic field near the equator. Precipitating and trapped fluxes measured at the ionosphere can thus be used to determine the equatorial field strength, which can in turn be compared with predictions of magnetospheric models. By using hundreds of IB observations at the ionosphere during THEMIS major tail conjunctions in 2008 we report on the mapping accuracy obtained using three models: T96, AM-01, and AM-02. The first model is driven by the simultaneous solar wind and Dst measurements, whereas the latter two are obtained by fitting model data to THEMIS observations. The AM-02 and T96 models show comparable agreement with proton IB locations, with error estimates of about 1 in latitude. However, the AM-02 outperforms T96 in predicting electron IB locations. Mapping errors increase with magnetic activity and have significant magnetic local time dependence. We conclude that event-based magnetospheric models can be as good as or better than solar wind-based models, provided that a number of distributed magnetotail spacecraft are used to constrain model parameters. C1 [Shevchenko, I. G.; Sergeev, V.; Kubyshkina, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Glassmeier, K. H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shevchenko, IG (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. EM i.g.shevchenko@gmail.com RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013 OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631 FU NASA [NNX08AD85G, NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science; CRDF [RUG1-2861-ST-07]; RFBR [10-05-91163, 10-05-00223]; EU [263325] FX Energetic particle observations from NOAA-POES spacecraft (D. Evans, PI) are made available by NOAA and OMNI interplanetary data are available via http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. We acknowledge NASA contracts NNX08AD85G and NAS5-02099, the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR), contract 50 OC 0302. The work by I. S., V. S., and M. K. was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science grants, by CRDF grant RUG1-2861-ST-07, by RFBR grants 10-05-91163 and 10-05-00223, and by EU grant 263325. We thank M. Holeva and Judy Hohl for help with preparation of this paper. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 12 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A11206 DI 10.1029/2010JA015354 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 680IH UT WOS:000284225100001 ER PT J AU Marchuk, O Ralchenko, Y Janev, RK Delabie, E Biel, W Urnov, A AF Marchuk, O. Ralchenko, Yu. Janev, R. K. Delabie, E. Biel, W. Urnov, A. TI Non-statistical populations of magnetic sublevels of hydrogen beam atoms in fusion plasmas SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Frontiers in Diagnostic Technologies CY NOV 25-29, 2009 CL Frascati, ITALY SP ENEA, INFN DE Motional Stark effect; Parabolic states; Eikonal approximation ID EXCITED-STATE; COLLISIONS; EMISSION; IMPACT; APPROXIMATION; TRANSITIONS; IONIZATION; EXCITATION; DEUTERIUM; FIELD AB Emission of spectral lines from the excited states of neutral beam atoms in fusion plasmas is the basis of beam emission spectroscopy and motional Stark effect diagnostics. It is well known that the measured intensities of Stark multiplet lines between the n=3 and 2 excited states of hydrogen systematically deviate from the full statistical model. Here we study the H-alpha Stark component intensities using a newly developed collisional-radiative model that is based on the description of magnetic sublevels in a parabolic basis. Proton excitation cross-sections between the parabolic states are calculated in the Glauber (eikonal) approximation. The model incorporates various collisional processes between the hydrogen beam atoms and plasma particles (protons, impurity ions and electrons) as well as the radiative processes. The simulated line component ratios sigma(1)/sigma(0), pi(2)/pi(3) and pi(4)/pi(3) are found to agree with the measured ratios from JET plasmas within the experimental uncertainties. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marchuk, O.; Janev, R. K.; Biel, W.] Forschungszentrum Jlich GmbH, Inst Plasmaphys Energieforsch 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Ralchenko, Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. [Delabie, E.] EURATOM, FOM, FOM Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Urnov, A.] PN Lebedev Inst RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Urnov, A.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Marchuk, O (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Jlich GmbH, Inst Plasmaphys Energieforsch 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM o.marchuk@fz-juelich.de RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Biel, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6617-6533 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 2 BP 738 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.008 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 681TV UT WOS:000284343600023 ER PT J AU Deng, L Hagley, EW AF Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. TI Collective atomic recoil motion in short-pulse matter-wave superradiance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING; AMPLIFICATION AB We show that a Bragg resonance is substantially incapacitated in short-pulse, matter-wave superradiant scatterings and both positive- and negative-order scatterings contribute equally. We further show that propagation gain is small and scattering events primarily occur at the ends of the condensate where the generated field has maximum strength. This explains the apparent "asymmetry" in the scattered components with respect to the condensate center. In contrast to long-pulse excitation, we prove that the generated field travels near the speed of light in vacuum and show that this has a significant impact on scattering. Finally, we show that when the excitation rate increases, the front-edge steepening and forward shifting of the peak of the generated field are due to depletion of the condensate. C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV 11 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 053613 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053613 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 678NX UT WOS:000284087500005 ER PT J AU Cheng, JCP Law, KH Bjornsson, H Jones, A Sriram, RD AF Cheng, Jack C. P. Law, Kincho H. Bjornsson, Hans Jones, Albert Sriram, Ram D. TI Modeling and monitoring of construction supply chains SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Construction supply chain; Supply chain performance measurement; Service oriented architecture; Model-based approach; Web services ID PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; METRICS; FRAMEWORK AB The planning and management of supply chains require properly specifying the participating members and the relationships among them. Construction supply chains usually consist of numerous participants and are complex in structure Representing construction supply chains using a network model can help understand the complexity, support re-configuration, identify the bottlenecks, and prioritize company's resources, as well as add values to the management of construction projects. Using a case example on the mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) processes in a construction project, this paper demonstrates the modeling of construction supply chains using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework developed by the Supply Chain Council (SCC). The SCOR modeling framework provides a structured and systematic way to model and decompose a supply chain from conceptual representation to process element specification. The SCOR framework is commonly used by corporations for strategic planning of their supply chains This paper further presents a model-based service oriented framework that leverages the SCOR models for performance monitoring of construction supply chains. In the supply chain management and monitoring framework each supply chain process element is implemented as a discrete web service component The framework is built on a service oriented collaborative system. namely SC Collaborator, that we have developed using web service technology, open standards, and open source technologies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Cheng, Jack C. P.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Law, Kincho H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Informat Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bjornsson, Hans] Chalmers, Sch Technol Management & Econ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Jones, Albert; Sriram, Ram D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, JCP (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. OI Cheng, Jack/0000-0002-1722-2617 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMS-0601167]; Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) at Stanford University; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the supports by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), Grant No. CMS-0601167, the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) at Stanford University, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The first author at Stanford University would like to thank DPR Construction and the anonymous subcontractors for their time and data for the case example presented in this paper. Any opinions and findings are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, CIFE, or NIST. No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST. NSF, or Stanford University is intended or implied. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 SI SI BP 435 EP 455 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.009 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 670EL UT WOS:000283403900007 ER PT J AU Bock, C Zha, XF Hyo-Won, S Lee, JH AF Bock, Conrad Zha, XuanFang Suh, Hyo-Won Lee, Jae-Hyun TI Ontological product modeling for collaborative design SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Product modeling languages; Ontology; Collaborative design ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEM; STEP AB This paper shows how to combine ontological and model-based techniques in languages that facilitate collaborative design exploration The proposed approach uses ontology to capture alternative designs and incremental refinements that meet requirements and earlier design commitments. Model-based techniques are applied to develop more powerful, engineering-friendly languages for using ontology It uses ontology's open world semantics to support design collaboration with flexible and accurate design combination, refinement, and consistency checking. It also leads to more reliable interpretation of models across the product lifecycle due to more rigorous language semantics. An example language is described using these techniques Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Bock, Conrad; Zha, XuanFang; Lee, Jae-Hyun] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suh, Hyo-Won] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Bock, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 SI SI BP 510 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.011 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 670EL UT WOS:000283403900013 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, M Grant, WE Swannack, TM Rajan, J AF Srinivasan, Mridula Grant, William E. Swannack, Todd M. Rajan, Jolly TI Behavioral games involving a clever prey avoiding a clever predator: An individual-based model of dusky dolphins and killer whales SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Indirect predation risk; Foraging costs; Predator-prey interactions; Spatially-explicit individual-based model; Killer whales; Dusky dolphins ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ORCINUS-ORCA; LAGENORHYNCHUS-OBSCURUS; DECISION-MAKING; NEW-ZEALAND; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL VARIATION; HABITAT SELECTION; MARINE MAMMALS; WAITING GAME AB Faced with an intermittent but potent threat, animals exhibit behavior that allows them to balance foraging needs and avoid predators and over time, these behaviors can become hard-wired adaptations with both species trying to maximize their own fitness. In systems where both predator and prey share similar sensory modalities and cognitive abilities, such as with marine mammals, the dynamic nature of predator-prey interactions is poorly understood. The costs and benefits of these anti-predator adaptations need to be evaluated and quantified based on the dynamic engagement of predator and prey. Many theoretic models have addressed the complexity of predator-prey relationships, but few have translated into testable mechanistic models. In this study, we developed a spatially-explicit, geo-referenced, individual-based model of a prototypical adult dusky dolphin off Kaikoura, New Zealand facing a more powerful, yet infrequent predator, the killer whale. We were interested in two primary objectives, (1) to capture the varying behavioral game between a clever prey and clever predator based on our current understanding of the Kaikoura system, (2) to compare evolutionary costs vs. benefits (foraging time and number of predator encounters) for an adult non-maternal dusky dolphin at various levels of killer whale-avoidance behaviors and no avoidance rules. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations to address model performance and parametric uncertainty. Mantel tests revealed an 88% correlation (426 x 426 distance matrix, km(2)) between observed field sightings of dusky dolphins with model generated sightings for non-maternal adult dusky dolphin groups. Simulation results indicated that dusky dolphins incur a 2.7% loss in feeding time by evolving the anti-predator behavior of moving to and from the feeding grounds. Further, each evolutionary strategy we explored resulted in dolphins incurring an additional loss of foraging time. At low killer whale densities (appearing less than once every 3 days), each evolutionary strategy simulated converged towards the evolutionary cost of foraging, that is, the loss in foraging time approached the 2.7% loss experienced by evolving near shore-offshore movement behavior. However, the highest level of killer whale presence resulted in 38% decreases in foraging time. The biological significance of these losses potentially incurred by a dusky dolphin is dependent on various factors from dolphin group foraging behavior and individual energy needs to dolphin prey availability and behavior. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Mridula; Grant, William E.; Swannack, Todd M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Ecol Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Srinivasan, M (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mridula.srinivasan@noaa.gov FU Earthwatch; Mooney Foundation; Texas A & M Galveston Office of Research and Graduate Studies; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station FX We thank Drs. B. Wursig, J. Packard, and X.B. Wu for their expertise, advice, and support throughout the project. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments by B. Wursig and Leigh Torres. The senior author gratefully acknowledges the support of all the Earthwatch volunteers who helped in data collection efforts. Thanks also to Sierra Deutsch and Jennifer Bennett for research assistance and field support. We thank NIWA for providing valuable bathymetry data. Special thanks to I. Bradshaw, Dennis Buurman, L. Buurman and Dolphin Encounter for their field support and for providing crucial dolphin and killer whale tour boat data. Funding for this project was provided by Earthwatch, Mooney Foundation, Texas A & M Galveston Office of Research and Graduate Studies, and through various travel and research grants from the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station. NR 82 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 22 BP 2687 EP 2698 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.07.010 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 667QU UT WOS:000283209500009 ER PT J AU Schroeder, W Csiszar, I Giglio, L Schmidt, CC AF Schroeder, Wilfrid Csiszar, Ivan Giglio, Louis Schmidt, Christopher C. TI On the use of fire radiative power, area, and temperature estimates to characterize biomass burning via moderate to coarse spatial resolution remote sensing data in the Brazilian Amazon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; ETM PLUS; MODIS; SATELLITE; EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; ASTER; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM AB Spaceborne instruments provide a unique view of global vegetation fire activity many times a day. In this study, we assessed the fire characterization information provided by two major products: the Terra and Aqua MODIS Thermal Anomalies product (MOD14 and MYD14, respectively) and the Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) product derived from GOES East Imager. Using higher spatial resolution imagery data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instruments, we analyzed the characterization of subpixel fires detected by MOD14, MYD14, and WF_ABBA over parts of Brazilian Amazonia. Our results suggest that MODIS and GOES fire radiative power (FRP) estimates derived for individual fire-pixel clusters are subject to errors due to the effects of the point spread function of those instruments (underestimation of up to 75%), improper fire background characterization (overestimation of up to 80% assuming a 10 K cold bias in background temperature), and omission of small fire lines. Detection limits were approximately 11 and 9 MW for MOD14 and MYD14, respectively, and were equivalent to 27 and 19 MW for WF_ABBA data acquired coincidently with MOD14 and MYD14, respectively. We found a positive correlation between FRP and percentage tree cover indicating that FRP is sensitive to biomass density. Fire area and temperature estimates derived from the application of Dozier's (1981) approach to GOES data did not agree with our reference data (i.e., ASTER and ETM+ active fire masks and in situ fire temperature data), suggesting that large and variable errors could affect the retrieval of those parameters. C1 [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Schmidt, Christopher C.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wilfrid.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 FU NASA [NNG05GP77H] FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program grant NNG05GP77H, NASA LBA-Eco Phase III, and EOS/NPP programs. We thank X. Xiong for providing MODIS instrument characterization data used in this study. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D21121 DI 10.1029/2009JD013769 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680GK UT WOS:000284220200002 ER PT J AU McKagan, SB Perkins, KK Wieman, CE AF McKagan, S. B. Perkins, K. K. Wieman, C. E. TI Design and validation of the Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS; ENERGY AB The Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey (QMCS) is a 12-question survey of students' conceptual understanding of quantum mechanics. It is intended to be used to measure the relative effectiveness of different instructional methods in modern physics courses. In this paper, we describe the design and validation of the survey, a process that included observations of students, a review of previous literature and textbooks and syllabi, faculty and student interviews, and statistical analysis. We also discuss issues in the development of specific questions, which may be useful both for instructors who wish to use the QMCS in their classes and for researchers who wish to conduct further research of student understanding of quantum mechanics. The QMCS has been most thoroughly tested in, and is most appropriate for assessment of (as a posttest only), sophomore=level modern physics courses. We also describe testing with students in junior quantum courses and graduate quantum courses, from which we conclude that the QMCS may be appropriate for assessing junior quantum courses, but is not appropriate for assessing graduate courses. One surprising result of our faculty interviews is a lack of faculty consensus on what topics should be taught in modern physics, which has made designing a test that is valued by a majority of physics faculty more difficult than expected. C1 [McKagan, S. B.; Wieman, C. E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKagan, S. B.; Wieman, C. E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, K. K.; Wieman, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wieman, C. E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP McKagan, SB (reprint author), Amer Assoc Phys Teachers, Seattle, WA 98144 USA. FU NSF; University of Colorado Science Education Initiative FX We thank the Physics Education Research Group at the University of Colorado for extensive feedback on all aspects of the development of this survey. This work was supported by the NSF and the University of Colorado Science Education Initiative. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1554-9178 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-PH JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Phys. Educ. R. PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 AR 020121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.6.020121 PG 17 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA 678DZ UT WOS:000284054300001 ER PT J AU Bostrom, BL Jones, TT Hastings, M Jones, DR AF Bostrom, Brian L. Jones, T. Todd Hastings, Mervin Jones, David R. TI Behaviour and Physiology: The Thermal Strategy of Leatherback Turtles SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; TEMPERATURE; ECTOTHERMS; ENDOTHERMY; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; NICHE; WATER AB Background: Adult leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) exhibit thermal gradients between their bodies and the environment of >= 8 degrees C in sub-polar waters and <= 4 degrees C in the tropics. There has been no direct evidence for thermoregulation in leatherbacks although modelling and morphological studies have given an indication of how thermoregulation may be achieved. Methodology/Principal Findings: We show for the first time that leatherbacks are indeed capable of thermoregulation from studies on juvenile leatherbacks of 16 and 37 kg. In cold water (< 25 degrees C), flipper stroke frequency increased, heat loss through the plastron, carapace and flippers was minimized, and a positive thermal gradient of up to 2.3 degrees C was maintained between body and environment. In warm water (25 - 31 degrees C), turtles were inactive and heat loss through their plastron, carapace and flippers increased. The thermal gradient was minimized (0.5 degrees C). Using a scaling model, we estimate that a 300 kg adult leatherback is able to maintain a maximum thermal gradient of 18.2 degrees C in cold sub-polar waters. Conclusions/Significance: In juvenile leatherbacks, heat gain is controlled behaviourally by increasing activity while heat flux is regulated physiologically, presumably by regulation of blood flow distribution. Hence, harnessing physiology and behaviour allows leatherbacks to keep warm while foraging in cold sub-polar waters and to prevent overheating in a tropical environment. C1 [Bostrom, Brian L.; Jones, T. Todd; Jones, David R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Jones, T. Todd] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Kewalo Res Facil, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bostrom, BL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada. EM bbostrom@interchange.ubc.ca FU NSERC FX This work was supported by a NSERC Discovery Grant to David R. Jones (http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 10 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 AR e13925 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013925 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 677ZN UT WOS:000284036800016 PM 21085716 ER PT J AU Kidston, J Vallis, GK AF Kidston, J. Vallis, G. K. TI Relationship between eddy-driven jet latitude and width SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] The relationship between the latitude and the width of the eddy-driven jet is examined. We find that there is strong correlation between jet latitude and jet width, with jets located towards the pole being broader. The broadening of the jet with increased latitude appears to be a consequence of increased barotropic instability. When the jet is located towards the pole, the reduced planetary vorticity gradient is more easily overwhelmed by the negative relative vorticity gradient on the flanks of the jet, and this allows a horizontal shear instability to occur. Enstrophy diagnostics show that when the condition of a negative vorticity gradient is met, the effects of barotropic instability are indeed more prevalent. Citation: Kidston, J., and G. K. Vallis (2010), Relationship between eddy-driven jet latitude and width, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21809, doi:10.1029/2010GL044849. C1 [Kidston, J.; Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM joseph.kidston@noaa.gov; gkv@princeton.edu FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA [NA07OAR4310320] FX We gratefully acknowledge the helpful suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge partial support from NOAA grant NA07OAR4310320. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21809 DI 10.1029/2010GL044849 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 680FI UT WOS:000284217400003 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Clark, AJ AF Wang, Shih-Yu Clark, Adam J. TI Quasi-decadal spectral peaks of tropical western Pacific SSTs as a precursor for tropical cyclone threat SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; POWER DISSIPATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY; MONSOON AB [1] A recent study identified significant spectral peaks in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at quasi-decadal frequency bands, which were unique to the tropical western Pacific (TWP). Using the multitaper method for spectral and coherence analysis, this study finds that the TWP SSTs at these quasi-decadal time scales are coherent with western Pacific tropical cyclone threat [as measured by the power dissipation index (PDI)], but that the PDI lags TWP SSTs by about two years. Thus, the quasi-decadal peaks in TWP SSTs may be a precursor for enhanced tropical cyclone threat two years later. Composite analyses are shown to illustrate how areal tropical cyclone frequencies and relevant atmospheric fields evolve following the quasi-decadal peaks in TWP SSTs. The fields during peak PDI years strongly resemble those observed during El Nino events. Citation: Wang, S.-Y., and A. J. Clark (2010), Quasi-decadal spectral peaks of tropical western Pacific SSTs as a precursor for tropical cyclone threat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21810, doi:10.1029/2010GL044709. C1 [Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM simon.wang@usu.edu RI Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010 FU Utah Climate Center, Utah State University; National Research Council FX Valuable comments offered by Kerry Emanuel are appreciated. S.Y.W. is supported by the Utah Climate Center, Utah State University, while A.J.C. is supported through a National Research Council Post-doctoral Award. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21810 DI 10.1029/2010GL044709 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 680FI UT WOS:000284217400001 ER PT J AU Chevallier, F Ciais, P Conway, TJ Aalto, T Anderson, BE Bousquet, P Brunke, EG Ciattaglia, L Esaki, Y Frohlich, M Gomez, A Gomez-Pelaez, AJ Haszpra, L Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL Leuenberger, M Machida, T Maignan, F Matsueda, H Morgui, JA Mukai, H Nakazawa, T Peylin, P Ramonet, M Rivier, L Sawa, Y Schmidt, M Steele, LP Vay, SA Vermeulen, AT Wofsy, S Worthy, D AF Chevallier, F. Ciais, P. Conway, T. J. Aalto, T. Anderson, B. E. Bousquet, P. Brunke, E. G. Ciattaglia, L. Esaki, Y. Froehlich, M. Gomez, A. Gomez-Pelaez, A. J. Haszpra, L. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. Leuenberger, M. Machida, T. Maignan, F. Matsueda, H. Morgui, J. A. Mukai, H. Nakazawa, T. Peylin, P. Ramonet, M. Rivier, L. Sawa, Y. Schmidt, M. Steele, L. P. Vay, S. A. Vermeulen, A. T. Wofsy, S. Worthy, D. TI CO2 surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21 year reanalysis of atmospheric measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; MODEL; INVERSION; LAND AB This paper documents a global Bayesian variational inversion of CO2 surface fluxes during the period 1988-2008. Weekly fluxes are estimated on a 3.75 degrees x 2.5 degrees (longitude-latitude) grid throughout the 21 years. The assimilated observations include 128 station records from three large data sets of surface CO2 mixing ratio measurements. A Monte Carlo approach rigorously quantifies the theoretical uncertainty of the inverted fluxes at various space and time scales, which is particularly important for proper interpretation of the inverted fluxes. Fluxes are evaluated indirectly against two independent CO2 vertical profile data sets constructed from aircraft measurements in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere. The skill of the inversion is evaluated by the improvement brought over a simple benchmark flux estimation based on the observed atmospheric growth rate. Our error analysis indicates that the carbon budget from the inversion should be more accurate than the a priori carbon budget by 20% to 60% for terrestrial fluxes aggregated at the scale of subcontinental regions in the Northern Hemisphere and over a year, but the inversion cannot clearly distinguish between the regional carbon budgets within a continent. On the basis of the independent observations, the inversion is seen to improve the fluxes compared to the benchmark: the atmospheric simulation of CO2 with the Bayesian inversion method is better by about 1 ppm than the benchmark in the free troposphere, despite possible systematic transport errors. The inversion achieves this improvement by changing the regional fluxes over land at the seasonal and at the interannual time scales. C1 [Chevallier, F.; Ciais, P.; Bousquet, P.; Maignan, F.; Peylin, P.; Ramonet, M.; Rivier, L.; Schmidt, M.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aalto, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Anderson, B. E.; Vay, S. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Brunke, E. G.] S African Weather Serv, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Ciattaglia, L.] ICES CNR IDAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Esaki, Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Froehlich, M.] Umweltbundesamt GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Gomez, A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Gomez-Pelaez, A. J.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain, E-38071 Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain. [Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. [Krummel, P. B.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Leuenberger, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Leuenberger, M.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Machida, T.; Mukai, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Matsueda, H.; Sawa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Morgui, J. A.] Lab Recerca Clima, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Nakazawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan. [Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Wofsy, S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Worthy, D.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Chevallier, F (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL, Bat 701, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM frederic.chevallier@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/L-9268-2015; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Leuenberger, Markus/K-9655-2016 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/0000-0003-4881-2975; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Leuenberger, Markus/0000-0003-4299-6793 FU GENCI- (CCRT/CINES/IDRIS) [2009- t2009012201]; European Commission [212196, 218793] FX This work was performed using HPC resources from GENCI- (CCRT/CINES/IDRIS; grant 2009- t2009012201). It was cofunded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreements 212196, COCOS, and 218793, MACC). The authors are very grateful to the many people involved in the surface and aircraft measurement and in the archiving of these data. All PIs have been contacted and were offered coauthorship. The authors also acknowledge the fruitful discussions with Peter Rayner and Fran ois-Marie Breon (LSCE) about many aspects related to this study and the constructive comments made by three anonymous reviewers. NR 35 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D21307 DI 10.1029/2010JD013887 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680FZ UT WOS:000284219100003 ER PT J AU Artuso, RD Bryant, GW AF Artuso, Ryan D. Bryant, Garnett W. TI Strongly coupled quantum dot-metal nanoparticle systems: Exciton-induced transparency, discontinuous response, and suppression as driven quantum oscillator effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PLASMON INTERACTION; HYBRID EXCITONS; MOLECULES AB We probe the transition to bistability that exists in a hybrid metal nanoparticle and semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) system when they are strongly coupled. In particular, we see a discontinuous jump in the response of the system (in both the diagonal and off-diagonal density-matrix elements) and a SQD response that is highly suppressed above resonance in this transition region. This discontinuous response and suppression arise because the SQD acts as a driven (quantum) oscillator. The phase change at resonance drastically alters the hybrid response when crossing the resonance. The study of this transition region, the discontinuity, and the suppression phenomena provides different insights into understanding this system, predicts a more complicated behavior than previously thought and corrects earlier work where the transition region was absent. C1 [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Artuso, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM artuso@umd.edu NR 22 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 19 AR 195419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195419 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 677MD UT WOS:000283995600012 ER PT J AU Wheeler, D Warren, JA Boettinger, WJ AF Wheeler, Daniel Warren, James A. Boettinger, William J. TI Modeling the early stages of reactive wetting SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE-INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SOLIDIFICATION; LIQUIDS; SURFACE; DROPS; CU; SIMULATION; KINETICS; ALLOY AB Recent experimental studies of molten metal droplets wetting high-temperature reactive substrates have established that the majority of triple-line motion occurs when inertial effects are dominant. In light of these studies, this paper investigates wetting and spreading on reactive substrates when inertial effects are dominant using a thermodynamically derived diffuse interface model of a binary three-phase material. The liquid-vapor transition is modeled using a van der Waals diffuse interface approach, while the solid-fluid transition is modeled using a phase field approach. The results from the simulations demonstrate an O(t(-1/2)) spreading rate during the inertial regime and oscillations in the triple-line position when the metal droplet transitions from inertial to diffusive spreading. It is found that the spreading extent is reduced by enhancing dissolution by manipulating the initial liquid composition. The results from the model exhibit good qualitative and quantitative agreement with a number of recent experimental studies of high-temperature droplet spreading, particularly experiments of copper droplets spreading on silicon substrates. Analysis of the numerical data from the model suggests that the extent and rate of spreading are regulated by the spreading coefficient calculated from a force balance based on a plausible definition of the instantaneous interface energies. A number of contemporary publications have discussed the likely dissipation mechanism in spreading droplets. Thus, we examine the dissipation mechanism using the entropy-production field and determine that dissipation primarily occurs in the locality of the triple-line region during the inertial stage but extends along the solid-liquid interface region during the diffusive stage. C1 [Wheeler, Daniel; Warren, James A.; Boettinger, William J.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wheeler, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.wheeler@nist.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV 9 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 AR 051601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.051601 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 677NK UT WOS:000283998900006 PM 21230482 ER PT J AU Churnside, AB King, GM Perkins, TT AF Churnside, Allison B. King, Gavin M. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Label-free optical imaging of membrane patches for atomic force microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; FILMS; AFM; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; LOCALIZATION; REGISTRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; TRACKING AB In atomic force microscopy (AFM), finding sparsely distributed regions of interest can be difficult and time-consuming. Typically, the tip is scanned until the desired object is located. This process can mechanically or chemically degrade the tip, as well as damage fragile biological samples. Protein assemblies can be detected using the back-scattered light from a focused laser beam. We previously used back-scattered light from a pair of laser foci to stabilize an AFM. In the present work, we integrate these techniques to optically image patches of purple membranes prior to AFM investigation. These rapidly acquired optical images were aligned to the subsequent AFM images to similar to 40 nm, since the tip position was aligned to the optical axis of the imaging laser. Thus, this label-free imaging efficiently locates sparsely distributed protein assemblies for subsequent AFM study while simultaneously minimizing degradation of the tip and the sample. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Churnside, Allison B.; King, Gavin M.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Churnside, Allison B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Churnside, AB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu FU NIH [T32 GM-065103]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface; National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544, Phy-0551010]; NIST FX The authors acknowledge Louisa Eberle and Duc Nguyen for assistance. This work was supported by an NIH Molecular Biophysics Training Scholarship (ABC, T32 GM-065103), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface (GMK), a Butcher Grant, the National Science Foundation (DBI-0923544, Phy-0551010) and NIST. Mention of commercial products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's recommendation or endorsement. T. T. Perkins is a staff member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 23 BP 23924 EP 23932 DI 10.1364/OE.18.023924 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 676TG UT WOS:000283940900063 PM 21164738 ER PT J AU Stock, C Cowley, RA Buyers, WJL Frost, CD Taylor, JW Peets, D Liang, R Bonn, D Hardy, WN AF Stock, C. Cowley, R. A. Buyers, W. J. L. Frost, C. D. Taylor, J. W. Peets, D. Liang, R. Bonn, D. Hardy, W. N. TI Effect of the pseudogap on suppressing high energy inelastic neutron scattering in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6.5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN DYNAMICS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; HIGH-T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN EXCITATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DOPING DEPENDENCE AB We have measured the spin fluctuations in the YBa2Cu3O6.5 (YBCO6.5, T-c=59 K) superconductor at high-energy transfers above similar to 100 meV. Within experimental error, the momentum dependence is isotropic at high energies, similar to that measured in the insulator for two-dimensional spin waves, and the dispersion extrapolates back to the incommensurate wave vector at the elastic position. This result contrasts with previous expectations based on measurements around 50 meV which were suggestive of a softening of the spin-wave velocity with increased hole doping. Unlike the insulator, we observe a significant reduction in the intensity of the spin excitations for energy transfers above similar to 100 meV similar to that observed above similar to 200 meV in the YBCO6.35 (T-c=18 K) superconductor as the spin waves approach the zone boundary. We attribute this high-energy scale with a second gap and find agreement with measurements of the pseudogap in the cuprates associated with electronic anomalies along the antinodal positions. In addition, we observe a sharp peak at around 400 meV whose energy softens with increased hole doping. We discuss possible origins of this excitation including a hydrogen-related molecular excitation and a transition of electronic states between d levels. C1 [Stock, C.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Frost, C. D.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Cowley, R. A.] Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Buyers, W. J. L.] CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1JO, Canada. [Buyers, W. J. L.; Liang, R.; Bonn, D.; Hardy, W. N.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Peets, D.; Liang, R.; Bonn, D.; Hardy, W. N.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 2E7, Canada. RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Peets, Darren/0000-0002-5456-574X FU Leverhulme grant FX We are grateful for the assistance of K. Allen and A. Orsulik for expert technical support to Y.-J. Kim and R. Coldea for helpful discussions. R. A. C. was partially supported by a Leverhulme grant. NR 103 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 17 AR 174505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.174505 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 676OZ UT WOS:000283923200006 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Long, X Xie, Y Ye, ZG Glazer, AM Yokota, H Thomas, PA Gehring, PM AF Phelan, D. Long, X. Xie, Y. Ye, Z. -G. Glazer, A. M. Yokota, H. Thomas, P. A. Gehring, P. M. TI Single Crystal Study of Competing Rhombohedral and Monoclinic Order in Lead Zirconate Titanate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; PB(ZRXTI1-X)O-3 CERAMICS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SERIES; PZT AB Neutron diffraction data obtained on single crystals of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O(3) with x = 0.325 and x = 0.460, which lie on the pseudorhombohedral side of the morphotropic phase boundary, suggest a coexistence of rhombohedral (R3m/R3c) and monoclinic (Cm) domains and that monoclinic order is enhanced by Ti substitution. A monoclinic phase with a doubled unit cell (Cc) is ruled out as the ground state. C1 [Phelan, D.; Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, X.; Xie, Y.; Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Glazer, A. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Yokota, H.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Bioengn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Thomas, P. A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Phelan, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Thomas, Pam/G-3532-2010; OI Thomas, Pam/0000-0003-2221-0394; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0166]; NSF [DMR-0944772] FX A. M. G. and P. A. T. are grateful for funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and from the National Science Foundation (NSF). X.L., Y.X, and Z.- G.Y. acknowledge support from the U.S. Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-06-1-0166). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 58 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 20 AR 207601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.207601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 676QG UT WOS:000283927700009 PM 21231265 ER PT J AU Uys, H Biercuk, MJ VanDevender, AP Ospelkaus, C Meiser, D Ozeri, R Bollinger, JJ AF Uys, H. Biercuk, M. J. VanDevender, A. P. Ospelkaus, C. Meiser, D. Ozeri, R. Bollinger, J. J. TI Decoherence due to Elastic Rayleigh Scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present theoretical and experimental studies of the decoherence of hyperfine ground-state super-positions due to elastic Rayleigh scattering of light off resonant with higher lying excited states. We demonstrate that under appropriate conditions, elastic Rayleigh scattering can be the dominant source of decoherence, contrary to previous discussions in the literature. We show that the elastic-scattering decoherence rate of a two-level system is given by the square of the difference between the elastic-scattering amplitudes for the two levels, and that for certain detunings of the light, the amplitudes can interfere constructively even when the elastic-scattering rates from the two levels are equal. We confirm this prediction through calculations and measurements of the total decoherence rate for a superposition of the valence electron spin levels in the ground state of (9)Be(+) in a 4.5 T magnetic field. C1 [Uys, H.; Biercuk, M. J.; VanDevender, A. P.; Ospelkaus, C.; Bollinger, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Uys, H.] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [Biercuk, M. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Meiser, D.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Meiser, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ozeri, R.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Uys, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM huys@csir.co.za; john.bollinger@nist.gov RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009; Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936; FU Georgia Tech; IARPA; NSF; DARPA OLE FX We thank W. M. Itano, J. P. Britton, D. Hanneke, and M. J. Holland for useful suggestions. M. J. B. acknowledges support from Georgia Tech and IARPA. D. M. is supported by NSF. This work was supported by the DARPA OLE program and by IARPA. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to U. S. copyright. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 20 AR 200401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.200401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 676QG UT WOS:000283927700001 PM 21231210 ER PT J AU Cloern, JE Hieb, KA Jacobson, T Sanso, B Di Lorenzo, E Stacey, MT Largier, JL Meiring, W Peterson, WT Powell, TM Winder, M Jassby, AD AF Cloern, James E. Hieb, Kathryn A. Jacobson, Teresa Sanso, Bruno Di Lorenzo, Emanuele Stacey, Mark T. Largier, John L. Meiring, Wendy Peterson, William T. Powell, Thomas M. Winder, Monika Jassby, Alan D. TI Biological communities in San Francisco Bay track large-scale climate forcing over the North Pacific SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFT; OSCILLATION; RECRUITMENT; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS; OCEAN; PHASE; WEST AB Long-term observations show that fish and plankton populations in the ocean fluctuate in synchrony with large-scale climate patterns, but similar evidence is lacking for estuaries because of shorter observational records. Marine fish and invertebrates have been sampled in San Francisco Bay since 1980 and exhibit large, unexplained population changes including record-high abundances of common species after 1999. Our analysis shows that populations of demersal fish, crabs and shrimp covary with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), both of which reversed signs in 1999. A time series model forced by the atmospheric driver of NPGO accounts for two-thirds of the variability in the first principal component of species abundances, and generalized linear models forced by PDO and NPGO account for most of the annual variability of individual species. We infer that synchronous shifts in climate patterns and community variability in San Francisco Bay are related to changes in oceanic wind forcing that modify coastal currents, upwelling intensity, surface temperature, and their influence on recruitment of marine species that utilize estuaries as nursery habitat. Ecological forecasts of estuarine responses to climate change must therefore consider how altered patterns of atmospheric forcing across ocean basins influence coastal oceanography as well as watershed hydrology. Citation: Cloern, J. E., et al. (2010), Biological communities in San Francisco Bay track large-scale climate forcing over the North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21602, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044774. C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hieb, Kathryn A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA 95205 USA. [Jacobson, Teresa; Sanso, Bruno] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95521 USA. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Meiring, Wendy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Stat & Appl Probabil, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Hatfield Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Powell, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stacey, Mark T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Winder, Monika] Kiel Univ IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Winder, Monika] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jecloern@usgs.gov RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Cloern, James/0000-0002-5880-6862 FU California Department of Fish and Game; USGS; University of California [113325G004]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004] FX This research was supported by the California Department of Fish and Game, Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary, and the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research Program of the Water Resources Discipline. Analyses were supported by cooperative agreement 113325G004 between the University of California, Santa Barbara and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and conducted as part of a working group facilitated by Erica Fleishman at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. We thank Louis Botsford, Ted Sommer, Erica Fleishman and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21602 DI 10.1029/2010GL044774 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TV UT WOS:000283942400001 ER PT J AU Ray, EA Moore, FL Rosenlof, KH Davis, SM Boenisch, H Morgenstern, O Smale, D Rozanov, E Hegglin, M Pitari, G Mancini, E Braesicke, P Butchart, N Hardiman, S Li, F Shibata, K Plummer, DA AF Ray, Eric A. Moore, Fred L. Rosenlof, Karen H. Davis, Sean M. Boenisch, Harald Morgenstern, Olaf Smale, Dan Rozanov, Eugene Hegglin, Michaela Pitari, Gianni Mancini, Eva Braesicke, Peter Butchart, Neal Hardiman, Steven Li, Feng Shibata, Kiyotaka Plummer, David A. TI Evidence for changes in stratospheric transport and mixing over the past three decades based on multiple data sets and tropical leaky pipe analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TOTAL OZONE; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PINATUBO AEROSOL; GREENHOUSE GASES; AIR; AGE; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS AB Variability in the strength of the stratospheric Lagrangian mean meridional or Brewer-Dobson circulation and horizontal mixing into the tropics over the past three decades are examined using observations of stratospheric mean age of air and ozone. We use a simple representation of the stratosphere, the tropical leaky pipe (TLP) model, guided by mean meridional circulation and horizontal mixing changes in several reanalyses data sets and chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations, to help elucidate reasons for the observed changes in stratospheric mean age and ozone. We find that the TLP model is able to accurately simulate multiyear variability in ozone following recent major volcanic eruptions and the early 2000s sea surface temperature changes, as well as the lasting impact on mean age of relatively short-term circulation perturbations. We also find that the best quantitative agreement with the observed mean age and ozone trends over the past three decades is found assuming a small strengthening of the mean circulation in the lower stratosphere, a moderate weakening of the mean circulation in the middle and upper stratosphere, and a moderate increase in the horizontal mixing into the tropics. The mean age trends are strongly sensitive to trends in the horizontal mixing into the tropics, and the uncertainty in the mixing trends causes uncertainty in the mean circulation trends. Comparisons of the mean circulation and mixing changes suggested by the measurements with those from a recent suite of CCM runs reveal significant differences that may have important implications on the accurate simulation of future stratospheric climate. C1 [Ray, Eric A.; Moore, Fred L.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Boenisch, Harald] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Braesicke, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci Climate Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Butchart, Neal; Hardiman, Steven] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Hegglin, Michaela] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Li, Feng] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Pitari, Gianni; Mancini, Eva] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Plummer, David A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Gatineau, PQ K1A OH3, Canada. [Rozanov, Eugene] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Dorf, Switzerland. [Shibata, Kiyotaka] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 5020052, Japan. [Morgenstern, Olaf; Smale, Dan] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Omakau, New Zealand. [Ray, Eric A.; Moore, Fred L.; Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rozanov, Eugene] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Ray, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.ray@noaa.gov RI Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Li, Feng/H-2241-2012; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Hegglin, Michaela/D-7528-2017; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292 FU NOAA ACCP; National Science Foundation (NSF); DECC/Defra [GA01101] FX This work was supported by the NOAA ACCP program. We appreciate the public availability of the JRA-25 output (obtained from http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds625.0/) and the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (obtained from the NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division, http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). The ERA-40 data for this study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The original ERA-40 data are available from the RDA (http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set ds117.3. The contributions of Neal Butchart and Steven Hardiman were support by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). We also thank Emily Shuckburgh for providing the code to calculate effective diffusivity. NR 64 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 6 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D21304 DI 10.1029/2010JD014206 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676VD UT WOS:000283945900003 ER PT J AU Cermak, J Wild, M Knutti, R Mishchenko, MI Heidinger, AK AF Cermak, Jan Wild, Martin Knutti, Reto Mishchenko, Michael I. Heidinger, Andrew K. TI Consistency of global satellite-derived aerosol and cloud data sets with recent brightening observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVALS; RADIATION; TRENDS AB Solar radiation at the Earth surface has increased over land and ocean since about 1990 ('global brightening'). An analysis of various global (ocean only) aerosol and (global) cloud data sets from geostationary and polar orbiting satellites is performed to determine whether changes in these quantities have occurred in accordance with 'global brightening', and to analyse the global distribution of these changes. Change-point detection and trend analysis are employed in the analysis. In a period from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s, aerosol optical depth is found to have started declining in the early 1990s, while cloud data sets do not agree on trends. Angstrom exponent data seem to suggest changes in pollution. Citation: Cermak, J., M. Wild, R. Knutti, M. I. Mishchenko, and A. K. Heidinger (2010), Consistency of global satellite-derived aerosol and cloud data sets with recent brightening observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21704, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044632. C1 [Cermak, Jan; Wild, Martin; Knutti, Reto] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Mishchenko, Michael I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cermak, J (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM jan.cermak@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Cermak, Jan/B-7844-2009; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 OI Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; Cermak, Jan/0000-0002-4240-595X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21704 DI 10.1029/2010GL044632 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TT UT WOS:000283942200001 ER PT J AU Austin, J Struthers, H Scinocca, J Plummer, DA Akiyoshi, H Baumgaertner, AJG Bekki, S Bodeker, GE Braesicke, P Bruhl, C Butchart, N Chipperfield, MP Cugnet, D Dameris, M Dhomse, S Frith, S Garny, H Gettelman, A Hardiman, SC Jockel, P Kinnison, D Kubin, A Lamarque, JF Langematz, U Mancini, E Marchand, M Michou, M Morgenstern, O Nakamura, T Nielsen, JE Pitari, G Pyle, J Rozanov, E Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Smale, D Teyssedre, H Yamashita, Y AF Austin, John Struthers, H. Scinocca, J. Plummer, D. A. Akiyoshi, H. Baumgaertner, A. J. G. Bekki, S. Bodeker, G. E. Braesicke, P. Bruehl, C. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. P. Cugnet, D. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Frith, S. Garny, H. Gettelman, A. Hardiman, S. C. Joeckel, P. Kinnison, D. Kubin, A. Lamarque, J. F. Langematz, U. Mancini, E. Marchand, M. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Nakamura, T. Nielsen, J. E. Pitari, G. Pyle, J. Rozanov, E. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Smale, D. Teyssedre, H. Yamashita, Y. TI Chemistry-climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; POLAR STRATOSPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; DEPLETION; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; IMPACT; SENSITIVITY; SURFACE AB Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations covering the recent past and continuing throughout the 21st century have been completed with a range of different models. Common forcings are used for the halogen amounts and greenhouse gas concentrations, as expected under the Montreal Protocol (with amendments) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1b Scenario. The simulations of the Antarctic ozone hole are compared using commonly used diagnostics: the minimum ozone, the maximum area of ozone below 220 DU, and the ozone mass deficit below 220 DU. Despite the fact that the processes responsible for ozone depletion are reasonably well understood, a wide range of results is obtained. Comparisons with observations indicate that one of the reasons for the model underprediction in ozone hole area is the tendency for models to underpredict, by up to 35%, the area of low temperatures responsible for polar stratospheric cloud formation. Models also typically have species gradients that are too weak at the edge of the polar vortex, suggesting that there is too much mixing of air across the vortex edge. Other models show a high bias in total column ozone which restricts the size of the ozone hole (defined by a 220 DU threshold). The results of those models which agree best with observations are examined in more detail. For several models the ozone hole does not disappear this century but a small ozone hole of up to three million square kilometers continues to occur in most springs even after 2070. C1 [Austin, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Austin, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Struthers, H.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Scinocca, J.] Univ Victoria, CCCMA, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Baumgaertner, A. J. G.; Bruehl, C.; Joeckel, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] INSU, CNRS, UPMC, LATMOS,IPSL,UVSQ, F-75231 Paris, France. [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand. [Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dameris, M.; Garny, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. [Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D.; Lamarque, J. F.] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kubin, A.; Langematz, U.] Freie Univ, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Michou, M.; Teyssedre, H.] Meteo France, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder 9352, Omakau, New Zealand. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov RI Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Jockel, Patrick/C-3687-2009; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015 OI Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Jockel, Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392 FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; CFCAS through the C-SPARC; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [C01X070]; NERC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; European Commission FX CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071). The MRI and CCSRNIES simulations were completed with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. CMAM simulations were supported by CFCAS through the C-SPARC project. The computer time for the EMAC-FUB simulation at ECMWF was provided by the German Weather Service. The Niwa-SOCOL and UMETRAC simulations were supported by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract C01X070. The UMSLIMCAT work was supported by NERC. The contribution of the Met Office Hadley Centre was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). The scientific work of the European CCM groups was supported by the European Commission through the project SCOUT-O3 under the 6th Framework Programme. J.A.'s research was administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. John Wilson and Rolando Garcia provided useful comments on the paper. We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M11 DI 10.1029/2009JD013577 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676VA UT WOS:000283945500005 ER PT J AU Wang, CH Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Bauer, ED Goremychkin, EA Kolesnikov, AI Trouw, F Ronning, F Thompson, JD Lumsden, MD Ni, N Mun, ED Jia, S Canfield, PC Qiu, Y Copley, JRD AF Wang, C. H. Christianson, A. D. Lawrence, J. M. Bauer, E. D. Goremychkin, E. A. Kolesnikov, A. I. Trouw, F. Ronning, F. Thompson, J. D. Lumsden, M. D. Ni, N. Mun, E. D. Jia, S. Canfield, P. C. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. TI Neutron scattering and scaling behavior in URu2Zn20 and YbFe2Zn20 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCITATIONS; URANIUM; UPT3; RH; IR; CO AB The dynamic susceptibility chi '' (Delta E), measured by inelastic neutron-scattering measurements, shows a broad peak centered at E-max=15 meV for the cubic actinide compound URu2Zn20 and 7 meV at zone center and at the (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) zone boundary for the rare-earth counterpart compound YbFe2Zn20. For URu2Zn20, the low-temperature susceptibility and magnetic specific-heat coefficient gamma = C-mag/T take the values chi = 0.011 emu/mole and gamma = 190 mJ/mole K-2 at T=2 K. These values are roughly three times smaller, and E-max is three times larger, than recently reported for the related compound UCo2Zn20, so that chi and gamma scale inversely with the characteristic energy for spin fluctuations, T-sf = E-max/k(B). While chi(T) , C-mag(T), and E-max of the 4f compound YbFe2Zn20 are very well described by the Kondo impurity model, we show that the model works poorly for URu2Zn20 and UCo2Zn20, suggesting that the scaling behavior of the actinide compounds arises from spin fluctuations of itinerant 5f electrons. C1 [Wang, C. H.; Lawrence, J. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Wang, C. H.; Bauer, E. D.; Trouw, F.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Christianson, A. D.; Kolesnikov, A. I.; Lumsden, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Goremychkin, E. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ni, N.; Mun, E. D.; Jia, S.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wang, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012; OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-03ER46036]; Scientific User Facilities Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), DOE; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX Research at UC Irvine was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-03ER46036. Work at ORNL was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), DOE. Work at ANL was supported by DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Work at Los Alamos, including work performed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, was also supported by the DOE-BES. Work at NIST utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 5 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 18 AR 184407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184407 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 675OW UT WOS:000283841000003 ER PT J AU Sorooshian, A Murphy, SM Hersey, S Bahreini, R Jonsson, H Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Sorooshian, Armin Murphy, Shane M. Hersey, Scott Bahreini, Roya Jonsson, Haflidi Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Constraining the contribution of organic acids and AMS m/z 44 to the organic aerosol budget: On the importance of meteorology, aerosol hygroscopicity, and region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; FOG DROPLETS; TOF-AMS; DASH-SP; SECONDARY; SIZE; CLOUD; ATMOSPHERE; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES AB Airborne measurements in regions of varying meteorology and pollution are used to quantify the contribution of organic acids and a mass spectral marker for oxygenated aerosols, m/z 44, to the total organic aerosol budget. Organic acids and m/z 44 separately are shown to exhibit their highest organic mass fractions in the vicinity of clouds. The contribution of such oxygenated species is shown to increase as a function of relative humidity, aerosol hygroscopicity (and decreasing organic mass fraction), and is typically greater off the California coast versus the continental atmospheres studied. Reasons include more efficient chemistry and partitioning of organic acid precursors with increasing water in the reaction medium, and high aqueous-phase processing times in boundary layers with higher cloud volume fractions. These results highlight the importance of secondary organic aerosol formation in both wet aerosols and cloud droplets. Citation: Sorooshian, A., S. M. Murphy, S. Hersey, R. Bahreini, H. Jonsson, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (2010), Constraining the contribution of organic acids and AMS m/z 44 to the organic aerosol budget: On the importance of meteorology, aerosol hygroscopicity, and region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21807, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044951. C1 [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Murphy, Shane M.; Bahreini, Roya] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hersey, Scott; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hersey, Scott; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi] USN, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93933 USA. RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM armin@email.arizona.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811]; NASA; NRC; NOAA [NA06OAR4310082]; ONR [N00014-04-1-0118]; NSF [ATM-0340832] FX AS acknowledges support from an Office of Naval Research YIP award (N00014-10-1-0811). SMM acknowledges a NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship and a NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. The aircraft measurements were supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082, ONR grant N00014-04-1-0118, and NSF grant ATM-0340832. The authors acknowledge Barbara Ervens for helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L21807 DI 10.1029/2010GL044951 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 676TQ UT WOS:000283941900003 ER PT J AU Austin, J Scinocca, J Plummer, D Oman, L Waugh, D Akiyoshi, H Bekki, S Braesicke, P Butchart, N Chipperfield, M Cugnet, D Dameris, M Dhomse, S Eyring, V Frith, S Garcia, RR Garny, H Gettelman, A Hardiman, SC Kinnison, D Lamarque, JF Mancini, E Marchand, M Michou, M Morgenstern, O Nakamura, T Pawson, S Pitari, G Pyle, J Rozanov, E Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Teyssedre, H Wilson, RJ Yamashita, Y AF Austin, John Scinocca, J. Plummer, D. Oman, L. Waugh, D. Akiyoshi, H. Bekki, S. Braesicke, P. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. Cugnet, D. Dameris, M. Dhomse, S. Eyring, V. Frith, S. Garcia, R. R. Garny, H. Gettelman, A. Hardiman, S. C. Kinnison, D. Lamarque, J. F. Mancini, E. Marchand, M. Michou, M. Morgenstern, O. Nakamura, T. Pawson, S. Pitari, G. Pyle, J. Rozanov, E. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Teyssedre, H. Wilson, R. J. Yamashita, Y. TI Decline and recovery of total column ozone using a multimodel time series analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY AB [1] Simulations of 15 coupled chemistry climate models, for the period 1960-2100, are presented. The models include a detailed stratosphere, as well as including a realistic representation of the tropospheric climate. The simulations assume a consistent set of changing greenhouse gas concentrations, as well as temporally varying chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in accordance with observations for the past and expectations for the future. The ozone results are analyzed using a nonparametric additive statistical model. Comparisons are made with observations for the recent past, and the recovery of ozone, indicated by a return to 1960 and 1980 values, is investigated as a function of latitude. Although chlorine amounts are simulated to return to 1980 values by about 2050, with only weak latitudinal variations, column ozone amounts recover at different rates due to the influence of greenhouse gas changes. In the tropics, simulated peak ozone amounts occur by about 2050 and thereafter total ozone column declines. Consequently, simulated ozone does not recover to values which existed prior to the early 1980s. The results also show a distinct hemispheric asymmetry, with recovery to 1980 values in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics ahead of the chlorine return by about 20 years. In the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, ozone is simulated to return to 1980 levels only 10 years ahead of chlorine. In the Antarctic, annually averaged ozone recovers at about the same rate as chlorine in high latitudes and hence does not return to 1960s values until the last decade of the simulations. C1 [Austin, John; Wilson, R. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] UPMC, CNRS, INSU, UVSQ,IPSL,LATMOS, F-75231 Paris, France. [Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Chipperfield, M.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Dameris, M.; Eyring, V.; Garny, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Frith, S.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Garcia, R. R.; Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D.; Lamarque, J. F.] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-161700 Laquila, Italy. [Michou, M.; Teyssedre, H.] CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Omakau 9352, Lauder, New Zealand. [Oman, L.; Waugh, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Scinocca, J.] Univ Victoria, CCMA, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada. [Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Frith, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Beltsville, MD USA. [Rozanov, E.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov RI Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; OI Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292 FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [C01X070]; NERC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; European Commission [SCOUT-O3] FX CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071). The MRI and CCSRNIES simulations were completed with the supercomputer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. CMAM simulations were supported by CFCAS through the C-SPARC project. The Niwa-SOCOL and UMETRAC simulations were supported by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract C01X070. The UMSLIMCAT work was supported by NERC. The contribution of the Met Office Hadley Centre was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). The scientific work of the European CCM groups was supported by the European Commission through the project SCOUT-O3 under the 6th Framework Programme. J.A.'s research was administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Larry Horowitz and Dan Schwarzkopf provided useful comments on the paper. We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D00M10 DI 10.1029/2010JD013857 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676UT UT WOS:000283944800004 ER PT J AU Shin, SI Sardeshmukh, PD Pegion, K AF Shin, Sang-Ik Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. Pegion, Kathy TI Realism of local and remote feedbacks on tropical sea surface temperatures in climate models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; INTERACTIVE FEEDBACK; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; COUPLED MODELS; ENSO; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; ANOMALIES; GCMS AB [1] An important emerging issue in climate research is the degree to which a sea surface temperature (SST) change in one tropical ocean basin affects the SST in other basins. In this study, the SST interactions among eight broadly defined regions of coherent SST variability in the tropical Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans are estimated using 3 observational and 76 climate model simulation data sets of the 20th century. The eight-dimensional SST feedback matrix is estimated separately using each data set by constructing a Linear Inverse Model based on the lag-covariance statistics of the 100 year monthly SST time series. The simulated feedback matrices are found to differ in several key respects from the observed matrices and also from one another. In particular, the influence of the eastern Pacific ENSO region on other regions and of the other regions on the ENSO region is found to vary considerably from model to model. The representation of remote interactions with the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool region is also found to be highly variable. It is argued that these large errors/differences arise mainly from differences in the representation of the remote atmospheric teleconnective feedbacks, and to a lesser extent the local radiative-thermodynamic feedbacks, on the SSTs in the models, whereas differences in the representation of the tropical oceanic wave dynamics are likely less important. C1 [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Pegion, Kathy] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Pegion, Kathy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shin, SI (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RI Pegion, Kathy/E-1525-2013 FU NOAA's Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) Program FX This work was supported by a grant from NOAA's Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) Program. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D21110 DI 10.1029/2010JD013927 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676UT UT WOS:000283944800006 ER PT J AU Wu, RG Yang, S Liu, S Sun, L Lian, Y Gao, ZT AF Wu, Renguang Yang, Song Liu, Shi Sun, Li Lian, Yi Gao, Zongting TI Changes in the relationship between Northeast China summer temperature and ENSO SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; INDIAN-OCEAN DIPOLE; HEMISPHERE SUMMER; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; MONSOON RAINFALL; EAST-ASIA; PACIFIC; CLIMATE AB [1] Northeast China (NEC) summer temperature tends to be lower (higher) than normal in El Nino (La Nina) developing years during 1950s through mid-1970s. The relationship between the NEC summer temperature and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is weakened or even becomes opposite in 1980s and 1990s. The present study documents this interdecadal change and investigates plausible reasons for this change. Before the late 1970s, ENSO affects the NEC summer temperature through modulating the South Asian heating and consequently the midlatitude Asian circulation. After the late 1970s, the connection between ENSO and the Indian summer monsoon and that between the South Asian heating and the midlatitude Asian circulation have been weakened. This leads to a weakening of ENSO impacts on the NEC summer temperature. It is found that the NEC summer temperature variations are closely related to the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and circulation changes in 1980s and 1990s. In particular, a tripole North Atlantic SST anomaly pattern in boreal spring is a good precursory for the NEC summer temperature anomalies. The NEC summer temperature displays a negative correlation with the summer SST surrounding the Maritime Continent in 1980s and 1990s. In many years, the tropical North Pacific and the North Atlantic SST anomalies can contribute in concert to the midlatitude Asian circulation changes and the NEC summer temperature anomalies. These effects overcome those of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies, leading to a same-sign relationship between the NEC summer temperature and the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. C1 [Wu, Renguang] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Inst Global Environm & Soc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, Shi; Sun, Li; Lian, Yi; Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun 130062, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, RG (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Inst Global Environm & Soc, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM renguang@cola.iges.org RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058, NA09OAR4310186]; NASA [NNX09AN50G]; Governor's Foundation of Jilin Province of China FX The authors appreciate comments of Bohua Huang and three anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by grants from the NSF (ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058 and NA09OAR4310186), and NASA (NNX09AN50G). SL, LS, YL, and ZG were supported by the Governor's Foundation of Jilin Province of China. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 4 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D21107 DI 10.1029/2010JD014422 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 676UT UT WOS:000283944800009 ER EF