FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Chiang, TL
Wu, CR
Oey, LY
AF Chiang, Tzu-Ling
Wu, Chau-Ron
Oey, Lie-Yauw
TI Typhoon Kai-Tak: An Ocean's Perfect Storm
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; HURRICANE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; WINDS
AB An unusually intense sea surface temperature drop (Delta SST) of about 10.8 degrees C induced by the Typhoon Kai-Tak is observed in the northern South China Sea (SCS) in July 2000. Observational and high-resolution SCS model analyses were carried out to study the favorable conditions and relevant physical processes that cause the intense surface cooling by Kai-Tak. Upwelling and entrainment induced by Kai-Tak account for 62% and 31% of the Delta SST, respectively, so that upwelling dominates vertical entrainment in producing the surface cooling for a subcritical storm such as Kai-Tak. However, wind intensity and propagation speed alone cannot account for the large Delta SST. Prior to Kai-Tak, the sea surface was anomalously warm and the main thermocline was anomalously shallow. The cause was a delayed transition of winter to summer monsoon in the northern SCS in May 2000. This produced an anomalously strong wind stress curl and a cold eddy capped by a thin layer of very warm surface water west of Luzon. Kai-Tak was the ocean's perfect storm in passing over the eddy at the "right time," producing the record SST drop and high chlorophyll-a concentration.
C1 [Chiang, Tzu-Ling; Wu, Chau-Ron] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
[Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Wu, CR (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88,Sect 4,Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
EM cwu@ntnu.edu.tw
FU National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC [NSC 98-2111-M-003-002-MY2, NSC
98-2628-M-003-001]
FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. C.-R. Wu is
supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC, under Grants NSC
98-2111-M-003-002-MY2 and NSC 98-2628-M-003-001.
NR 23
TC 20
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 41
IS 1
BP 221
EP 233
DI 10.1175/2010JPO4518.1
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 719QB
UT WOS:000287222200013
ER
PT J
AU Chan, EP
Karp, JM
Langer, RS
AF Chan, Edwin P.
Karp, Jeffrey M.
Langer, Robert S.
TI A "Self-Pinning" Adhesive Based on Responsive Surface Wrinkles
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE adhesion; adhesives; biomaterials; hydrogels; stimuli-sensitive
polymers; surfaces; swelling
ID CREASING INSTABILITY; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGELS; PATTERNS; CONTACT; GELS
AB Surface wrinkles are interesting since they form spontaneously into well-defined patterns. The mechanism of formation is well-studied and is associated with the development of a critical compressive stress that induces the elastic instability. In this work, we demonstrate surface wrinkles that dynamically change in response to a stimulus can improve interfacial adhesion with a hydrogel surface through the dynamic evolution of the wrinkle morphology. We observe that this control is related to the local pinning of the crack separation pathway facilitated by the surface wrinkles during debonding, which is dependent on the contact time with the hydrogel. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 40-44, 2011
C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Karp, Jeffrey M.; Langer, Robert S.] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Karp, Jeffrey M.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Regenerat Therapeut, Dept Med,Med Sch, Cambridge, MA 02319 USA.
[Karp, Jeffrey M.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Langer, Robert S.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; jkarp@rics.bwh.harvard.edu; rlanger@mit.edu
RI Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011
FU NSF NIRT [0609182]; NIH [DE013023, GM086433]; CIMIT through the U.S.
Army [W81XWH-07-2-0011]; Commonwealth of Massachusetts through the
Technology Transfer Center at the University of Massachusetts; American
Heart Association [0835601D]
FX The authors thank Christopher M. Stafford at NIST Polymers Division for
the use of the contact adhesion test instrument. EPC would like to thank
Alfred J. Crosby for helpful suggestions. Funding is provided by the NSF
NIRT grant 0609182 and NIH grant DE013023 to RL, CIMIT through the U.S.
Army grant W81XWH-07-2-0011 and NIH GM086433 to JMK. This work was also
supported in part by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts through the
Technology Transfer Center at the University of Massachusetts to JMK.
American Heart Association Grant 0835601D to JMK.
NR 25
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 6
U2 46
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 49
IS 1
BP 40
EP 44
DI 10.1002/polb.22165
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 694RF
UT WOS:000285314600005
PM 21293787
ER
PT J
AU Liao, WL
Heo, GY
Dodder, NG
Reem, RE
Mast, N
Huang, S
DiPatre, PL
Turko, IV
Pikuleva, IA
AF Liao, Wei-Li
Heo, Gun-Young
Dodder, Nathan G.
Reem, Rachel E.
Mast, Natalia
Huang, Suber
DiPatre, Pier Luigi
Turko, Illarion V.
Pikuleva, Irina A.
TI Quantification of Cholesterol-Metabolizing P450s CYP27A1 and CYP46A1 in
Neural Tissues Reveals a Lack of Enzyme-Product Correlations in Human
Retina but Not Human Brain
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE CYP27A1; CYP46A1; absolute quantification; multiple reaction monitoring;
mass spectrometry; membrane protein; human brain; human retina
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CYTOCHROME-P450 46A1; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS;
HOMEOSTASIS; 24S-HYDROXYCHOLESTEROL; 24-HYDROXYLASE; IDENTIFICATION;
LOCALIZATION; CIRCULATION
AB Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP or P450) 46A1 and 27A1 play important roles in cholesterol elimination from the brain and retina, respectively, yet they have not been quantified in human organs because of their low abundance and association with membrane. On the basis of our previous development of a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) workflow for measurements of low-abundance membrane proteins, we quantified CYP46A1 and CYP27A1 in human brain and retina samples from four donors. These enzymes were quantified in the total membrane pellet, a fraction of the whole tissue homogenate, using (15)N-labled recombinant P450s as internal standards. The average P450 concentrations/mg of total tissue protein were 345 fmol of CYP46A1 and 110 fmol of CYP27A1 in the temporal lobe, and 60 fmol of CYP46A1 and 490 fmol of CYP27A1 in the retina. The corresponding P450 metabolites were then measured in the same tissue samples and compared to the P450 enzyme concentrations. Investigation of the enzyme product relationships and analysis of the P450 measurements based on different signature peptides revealed a possibility of retina-specific post-translational modification of CYP27A1. The data obtained provide important insights into the mechanisms of cholesterol elimination from different neural tissues.
C1 [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
[Liao, Wei-Li; Dodder, Nathan G.; Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Heo, Gun-Young; Reem, Rachel E.; Mast, Natalia; Huang, Suber; Pikuleva, Irina A.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[Huang, Suber] Univ Hosp, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
[DiPatre, Pier Luigi] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
RP Turko, IV (reprint author), 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
EM turko@umbi.umd.edu; iap8@case.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015
OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767
FU National Institutes of Health [EY018383, AG024336]; Visual Sciences
Training Program [T32 EY07157]; Research to Prevent Blindness Foundation
FX The authors thank Tonya Sims, Somier McLaughlin and the Cleveland Eye
Bank for assistance in eye tissue acquisition, Dr. M. Shimoji for help
in sample preparation, and Dr. I. Bederman for help in measuring the
cholesterol metabolites. This work was supported in part by grants from
the National Institutes of Health (EY018383 and AG024336 to I.A.P.) and
postdoctoral research training fellowship T32 EY07157 from the Visual
Sciences Training Program (to R.E.R). I.A.P is also a recipient of the
Jules and Doris Stein Professorship from the Research to Prevent
Blindness Foundation. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and
equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the
experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such
identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that the
materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best
available for the purpose.
NR 32
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1535-3893
J9 J PROTEOME RES
JI J. Proteome Res.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 10
IS 1
BP 241
EP 248
DI 10.1021/pr1008898
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 701IQ
UT WOS:000285812000029
PM 21049985
ER
PT J
AU Splett, JD
Vecchia, DF
Goodrich, LF
AF Splett, J. D.
Vecchia, D. F.
Goodrich, L. F.
TI A Comparison of Methods for Computing the Residual Resistivity Ratio of
High-Purity Niobium
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cryogenic; electrical resistivity; Kohler's rule; magneto-resistance;
residual resistivity ratio; superconductor
AB We compare methods for estimating the residual resistivity ratio (RRR) of high-purity niobium and investigate the effects of using different functional models. RRR is typically defined as the ratio of the electrical resistances measured at 273 K (the ice point) and 4.2 K (the boiling point of helium at standard atmospheric pressure). However, pure niobium is superconducting below about 9.3 K, so the low-temperature resistance is defined as the normal-state (i.e., non-superconducting state) resistance extrapolated to 4.2 K and zero magnetic field. Thus, the estimated value of RRR depends significantly on the model used for extrapolation. We examine three models for extrapolation based on temperature versus resistance, two models for extrapolation based on magnetic field versus resistance, and a new model based on the Kohler relationship that can be applied to combined temperature and field data. We also investigate the possibility of re-defining RRR so that the quantity is not dependent on extrapolation.
C1 [Splett, J. D.; Vecchia, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Splett, JD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jsplett@boulder.nist.gov; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov;
vecchia@boulder.nist.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics
FX The authors thank Dr. Hari Iyer and Dr. Jack Wang for their very helpful
discussion regarding the statistical methodology used in this paper. The
authors thank S. Sparkowich (ATI Wah Chang) for providing annealed pure
niobium samples for this study. 1 This work was supported in part by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics.
NR 9
TC 5
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U1 0
U2 4
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 1
BP 489
EP 504
DI 10.6028/jres.116.001
PG 16
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 734FY
UT WOS:000288321200001
PM 26989580
ER
PT J
AU Cooksey, C
Datla, R
AF Cooksey, Catherine
Datla, Raju
TI Workshop on Bridging Satellite Climate Data Gaps
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE calibration; climate data gaps; remote sensing satellite data; SI
traceability
ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE
AB Detecting the small signals of climate change for the most essential climate variables requires that satellite sensors make highly accurate and consistent measurements. Data gaps in the time series (such as gaps resulting from launch delay or failure) and inconsistencies in radiometric scales between satellites undermine the credibility of fundamental climate data records, and can lead to erroneous analysis in climate change detection. To address these issues, leading experts in Earth observations from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminstration (NOAA), United States Geological Survey (USGS), and academia assembled at the National Institute of Standards and Technology on December 10, 2009 for a workshop to prioritize strategies for bridging and mitigating data gaps in the climate record. This paper summarizes the priorities for ensuring data continuity of variables relevant to climate change in the areas of atmosphere, land, and ocean measurements and the recommendations made at the workshop for overcoming planned and unplanned gaps in the climate record.
C1 [Cooksey, Catherine; Datla, Raju] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cooksey, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM catherine.cooksey@nist.gov; raju.datla@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 1
BP 505
EP 516
DI 10.6028/jres.116.002
PG 12
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 734FY
UT WOS:000288321200002
PM 26989581
ER
PT J
AU Rukhin, AL
AF Rukhin, Andrew L.
TI Maximum Likelihood and Restricted Likelihood Solutions in
Multiple-Method Studies
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DerSimonian-Laird estimator; Groebner basis; heteroscedasticity;
interlaboratory studies; iteration scheme; Mandel-Paule algorithm;
meta-analysis; parametrized solutions; polynomial equations; random
effects model
ID WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; VARIANCES; ALGORITHM; SAMPLE
AB A formulation of the problem of combining data from several sources is discussed in terms of random effects models. The unknown measurement precision is assumed not to be the same for all methods. We investigate maximum likelihood solutions in this model. By representing the likelihood equations as simultaneous polynomial equations, the exact form of the Groebner basis for their stationary points is derived when there are two methods. A parametrization of these solutions which allows their comparison is suggested. A numerical method for solving likelihood equations is outlined, and an alternative to the maximum likelihood method, the restricted maximum likelihood, is studied. In the situation when methods variances are considered to be known an upper bound on the between-method variance is obtained. The relationship between likelihood equations and moment-type equations is also discussed.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 116
IS 1
BP 539
EP 556
DI 10.6028/jres.116.004
PG 18
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 734FY
UT WOS:000288321200004
PM 26989583
ER
PT J
AU Spitzer, P
Pratt, KW
AF Spitzer, Petra
Pratt, Kenneth W.
TI The history and development of a rigorous metrological basis for pH
measurements
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
DE pH; Potentiometry; Metrology; Traceability; Reference standard; Primary
measurement; Differential cell
ID STANDARDIZATION; CHLORIDE; RECOMMENDATIONS; ELECTROLYTES; DEFINITION;
ELECTRODES; ACCURATE; VALUES; POINT; ACID
AB This paper discusses the basis and historical development of the traceability chain for pH. The quantity pH, first introduced in 1909, is among the most frequently measured analytical quantities. The practical measurement of the pH value of a sample is inexpensive, easy to perform, and yields a rapid result. However, the problems posed by the traceability of pH are not easy to solve. Most pH measurements are performed by potentiometry, using a glass electrode as the pH sensor. Such pH electrodes must be calibrated at regular intervals. Confidence in the reliability of pH measurements requires establishment of a metrological hierarchy including an uncertainty budget for calibration that links the pH measured in the sample to an internationally agreed and stated reference. For pH, this reference is the primary measurement of pH. A traceability chain can be established that links field measurements of pH to primary buffer solutions that are certified using this primary method. This allows the user in the field to estimate the measurement uncertainty of the measured pH data. As the realization of the primary measurement is sophisticated and time-consuming, primary standards are generally realized at national metrology institutes. A number of potentiometric methods are suitable for the determination of the pH of reference buffer solutions by comparison with the primary standard buffers. The choice between the methods should be made according to the uncertainty required for the application. For reference buffer solutions that have the same nominal composition as the primary standard, the differential potentiometric cell, often called the Baucke cell, is recommended.
C1 [Spitzer, Petra] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Pratt, Kenneth W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Spitzer, P (reprint author), PTB, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM petra.spitzer@ptb.de
NR 48
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 4
U2 40
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1432-8488
J9 J SOLID STATE ELECTR
JI J. Solid State Electrochem.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 15
IS 1
BP 69
EP 76
DI 10.1007/s10008-010-1106-9
PG 8
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 722TH
UT WOS:000287457300007
ER
PT J
AU Jech, JM
AF Jech, J. Michael
TI Interpretation of multi-frequency acoustic data: Effects of fish
orientation
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; TARGET-STRENGTH; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION;
SOUND-SCATTERING; BACKSCATTERING; FREQUENCIES; ABUNDANCE; SIZE;
DISCRIMINATION; ZOOPLANKTON
AB One goal of fisheries acoustics is to develop objective classification or identification methods to automate allocation of acoustic backscatter to species. Classification schemes rely on consistent relationships for successful apportionment of acoustic backscatter to species. A method is developed that compares frequency-dependent volume backscatter from an acoustical survey of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) to investigate the potential for classifying herring. Predicted backscattering patterns by a Kirchhoff-ray approximation are used to explain the observed relationships and evaluate the potential for classification of multi-frequency data. Combining predicted backscatter with observations of the frequency-dependent volume backscatter gave approximately 40% classification success, which is not sufficient for survey purposes. However, this method highlighted potential consequences that fish orientation may have on classification schemes and density and abundance estimates. This method of comparing multi-frequency volume backscatter appears to be beneficial for detecting behavioral changes by groups of fish, which may be used to select target strength values for density or abundance estimates. Utilizing predicted target strengths from numerical or analytical solutions or approximations, appropriate target strengths could be selected and would provide more accurate estimates of fish density and abundance. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3514382]
C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Jech, JM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM michael.jech@noaa.gov
FU Office of Naval Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration-Fisheries (NOAA/NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center
FX The author thanks the crew and scientists who assisted in collection and
processing of acoustic and biological data collected on the FRV DELAWARE
II. The author would like to thank anonymous reviewers and the associate
editor whose input improved this work. This work was supported by the
Office of Naval Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration-Fisheries (NOAA/NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center.
NR 43
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 129
IS 1
BP 54
EP 63
DI 10.1121/1.3514382
PG 10
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 716DE
UT WOS:000286944600013
PM 21302987
ER
PT J
AU Stimpert, AK
Au, WWL
Parks, SE
Hurst, T
Wiley, DN
AF Stimpert, Alison K.
Au, Whitlow W. L.
Parks, Susan E.
Hurst, Thomas
Wiley, David N.
TI Common humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) sound types for passive
acoustic monitoring
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID SONGS; SONAR; VOCALIZATIONS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC; HAWAII
AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are one of several baleen whale species in the Northwest Atlantic that coexist with vessel traffic and anthropogenic noise. Passive acoustic monitoring strategies can be used in conservation management, but the first step toward understanding the acoustic behavior of a species is a good description of its acoustic repertoire. Digital acoustic tags (DTAGs) were placed on humpback whales in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary to record and describe the non-song sounds being produced in conjunction with foraging activities. Peak frequencies of sounds were generally less than 1 kHz, but ranged as high as 6 kHz, and sounds were generally less than 1 s in duration. Cluster analysis distilled the dataset into eight groups of sounds with similar acoustic properties. The two most stereotyped and distinctive types ("wops" and "grunts") were also identified aurally as candidates for use in passive acoustic monitoring. This identification of two of the most common sound types will be useful for moving forward conservation efforts on this Northwest Atlantic feeding ground. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3504708]
C1 [Stimpert, Alison K.; Au, Whitlow W. L.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, Kailua, HI 96734 USA.
[Parks, Susan E.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA.
[Hurst, Thomas] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Adv Engn Labs, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Wiley, David N.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA 02066 USA.
RP Stimpert, AK (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Marine Mammal Res Program, POB 1106, Kailua, HI 96734 USA.
EM stimpert@hawaii.edu
RI Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014
OI Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); University of
Hawaii Sea Grant College, School of Ocean and Earth Science and
Technology [NA05OAR4171048]; NOAA [UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-07-32]
FX Research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Permit
No. 981-1707-00 and in accordance with animal care and use guidelines in
the United States. We thank Eva-Marie Nosal and Danielle Cholewiak for
helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and also
numerous field volunteers and colleagues for assistance in data
collection. This paper was funded by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Marine Sanctuaries Program.
It was also sponsored in part by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant
College Program, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, under
Institutional Grant No. NA05OAR4171048 from the NOAA Office of Sea
Grant, Department of Commerce, and is publication no.
UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-07-32. This is also Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
contribution No. 1400.
NR 33
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 6
U2 36
PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 129
IS 1
BP 476
EP 482
DI 10.1121/1.3504708
PG 7
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA 716DE
UT WOS:000286944600053
PM 21303027
ER
PT J
AU Siegel, JB
Lin, XF
Stefanopoulou, AG
Hussey, DS
Jacobson, DL
Gorsich, D
AF Siegel, Jason B.
Lin, Xinfan
Stefanopoulou, Anna G.
Hussey, Daniel S.
Jacobson, David L.
Gorsich, David
TI Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in LFP Pouch Cell Battery
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ION BATTERIES; RADIOGRAPHY; DETECTORS; PEMFC
AB This paper shows how neutron radiography can be used for in situ quantification of the lithium concentration across battery electrodes, a critical physical system state. The change in lithium concentration between the charged and discharged states of the battery causes a change in number of detected neutrons after passing through the battery. Electrode swelling is also observed during battery charging. The experimental setup and the observations from testing a pouch cell with LFP cathode and graphite anode are reported here. The bulk Li concentration across the electrode and folds of the pouch cell is quantified at various states of charge. To interpret the measurements, the optics of the neutron beam (geometric unsharpness) and detector resolution are considered in order to quantify the lithium concentration from the images due to the thinness of the electrode layers. The experimental methodology provides a basis for comprehensive in situ metrology of bulk lithium concentration. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3566341] All rights reserved.
C1 [Siegel, Jason B.; Lin, Xinfan; Stefanopoulou, Anna G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gorsich, David] USA, Tank Automot Res Dev & Engn Ctr TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA.
RP Siegel, JB (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM siegeljb@umich.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI Siegel, Jason/0000-0003-2824-013X
FU Ford Motor Company (Ford); Automotive Research Center (ARC)
FX The authors thank Dr. Ding from TARDEC; Patrick Hagan, Maha Hammoud, and
Danny King from A123 systems; Eli Baltic from the NIST Physical
Measurement Laboratory; and Levi Thompson, Xiaohui Chen, Binay Prasad,
Sun Bo Hwang, and Saemin Choi from the University of Michigan. We
acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron
research facilities used in this work. This work has been partially
supported by the Ford Motor Company (Ford/UMICH Alliance Project) and by
the Automotive Research Center (ARC) a U.S. Army center of excellence in
modeling and simulation of ground vehicles.
NR 20
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 45
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 5
BP A523
EP A529
DI 10.1149/1.3566341
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 741ML
UT WOS:000288867700013
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, SM
Bonevich, JE
Kim, JJ
Moffat, TP
AF Hwang, Sun-Mi
Bonevich, John E.
Kim, Jae Jeong
Moffat, Thomas P.
TI Formic Acid Oxidation on Pt100-xPbx Thin Films Electrodeposited on Au
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID FOREIGN METAL MONOLAYERS; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; ELECTROCATALYTIC
ACTIVITY; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; PTPB/C CATALYST;
CO ADSORPTION; SURFACES; PT(111); HCOOH
AB Electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation is examined on electrodeposited Pt100-xPbx thin films grown on textured Au(111). Metastable fcc Pt100-xPbx (0 < x atom % < 50) films exhibit significantly enhanced catalysis for formic acid oxidation relative to Pt films of similar roughness. At - 0.15 V SCE an enhancement factor in excess of 100 is evident between Pt83Pb17 and Pt films of similar roughness. Electrodeposition of near stoichiometric PtPb thin films yields a smooth compact surface that exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic activity relative to a Pt electrode. X-ray diffraction reveals a P6(3)/mmc intermetallic phase while TEM indicates the formation of fcc Pt100-xPbx lattice with dimensions almost lattice matched to Au(111) and/or Pt3Pb. After considering the surface roughness, the electrocatalytic activity of the compact PtPb and rough metastable fcc phase are similar in magnitude. Durability was examined by chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. The Pb-rich and PtPb films are substantially dealloyed particularly at higher potentials. The dealloyed structure still exhibits significant electrocatalytic behavior that is presumably related to Pb upd on available Pt surface sites. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3599913] All rights reserved.
C1 [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Bonevich, John E.; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hwang, Sun-Mi; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
RP Hwang, SM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov
NR 44
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 19
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2011
VL 158
IS 8
BP B1019
EP B1028
DI 10.1149/1.3599913
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 784JV
UT WOS:000292154300021
ER
PT J
AU Lee, CH
Wu, CM
Hsu, D
Wang, CW
Wang, CJ
Li, WH
Yang, CC
Sun, JR
Lynn, JW
AF Lee, Chi-Hung
Wu, Chun-Ming
Hsu, Daniel
Wang, Chin-Wei
Wang, Chih-Jen
Li, Wen-Hsien
Yang, Chun-Chuen
Sun, Jirong
Lynn, Jeffrey W.
TI Neutron Diffraction Study of the Mn Spin Correlations in
Bi0.46Ca0.54Mn0.95Cr0.05O3
SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
DE CMR; neutron powder diffraction; magnetic correlation; magnetic
structure
AB The magnetic and transport properties of 5% Cr-doped Bi0.46Ca0.54Mn0.95Cr0.05O3 have been investigated using magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron diffraction measurements. The compound crystallizes into an orthorhombic Pbnm symmetry. Charge ordering is revealed below 285 K. The thermal behavior of the charge transport can be described by three-dimensional variable range hopping conduction. The Mn spins become ordered below 90 K, which is significantly lower than the value of 140 K reported for the Cr-free compound. However, short-range magnetic correlations persist up to much higher temperatures.
C1 [Lee, Chi-Hung; Wu, Chun-Ming; Hsu, Daniel; Wang, Chin-Wei; Wang, Chih-Jen; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
[Lee, Chi-Hung; Wu, Chun-Ming; Hsu, Daniel; Wang, Chin-Wei; Wang, Chih-Jen; Li, Wen-Hsien] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Neutron Beam Applicat, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
[Yang, Chun-Chuen] Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32023, Taiwan.
[Sun, Jirong] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Magnetism, Inst Phys, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China.
[Sun, Jirong] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China.
[Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan.
EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034,
JAPAN
SN 0031-9015
J9 J PHYS SOC JPN
JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 80
SU B
AR SB013
DI 10.1143/JPSJS.80SB.SB013
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA V44PV
UT WOS:000209761800013
ER
PT J
AU Stone, MB
Tulk, CA
dos Santos, A
Molaison, JJ
Chang, S
Leao, JB
Samulon, EC
Shapiro, MC
Fisher, IR
AF Stone, M. B.
Tulk, C. A.
dos Santos, A.
Molaison, J. J.
Chang, S.
Leao, J. B.
Samulon, E. C.
Shapiro, M. C.
Fisher, I. R.
TI Pressure Dependent Diffraction and Spectroscopy of a Dimerized
Antiferromagnet
SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
DE neutron scattering; pressure effect; spin-dimers; antiferromagnet
AB We present pressure dependent neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the dimerized antiferromagnet Ba3Mn2O8. The room temperature diffraction measurements reveal a linear decrease in lattice constant as a function of applied pressure. No structural transitions are observed. The low-temperature neutron spectroscopy measurements indicate a small change in magnetic scattering intensity in the vicinity of the spin gap for pressures up to P = 0.6 Gpa.
C1 [Stone, M. B.; Tulk, C. A.; dos Santos, A.; Molaison, J. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Chang, S.; Leao, J. B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Samulon, E. C.; Shapiro, M. C.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Samulon, E. C.; Shapiro, M. C.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM stonemb@ornl.gov
RI Tulk, Chris/R-6088-2016
OI Tulk, Chris/0000-0003-3400-3878
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034,
JAPAN
SN 0031-9015
J9 J PHYS SOC JPN
JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 80
SU B
AR SB005
DI 10.1143/JPSJS.80SB.SB005
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA V44PV
UT WOS:000209761800005
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, N
Shibata, K
Kawakita, Y
Nakajima, K
Inamura, Y
Nakatani, T
Nakagawa, H
Fujiwara, S
Sato, TJ
Tsukushi, I
Mezei, F
Neumann, DA
Mutka, H
Arai, M
AF Takahashi, Nobuaki
Shibata, Kaoru
Kawakita, Yukinobu
Nakajima, Kenji
Inamura, Yasuhiro
Nakatani, Takeshi
Nakagawa, Hiroshi
Fujiwara, Satoru
Sato, Taku J.
Tsukushi, Itaru
Mezei, Ferenc
Neumann, Dan A.
Mutka, Hannu
Arai, Masatoshi
TI Repetition Rate Multiplication: RRM, an Advanced Measuring Method Planed
for the Backscattering Instrument, DNA at the MLF, J-PARC
SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
LA English
DT Article
DE neutron scattering instrument; backscattering; pulse-shaping; repetition
rate multiplication
AB A Si-analyzer neutron backscattering spectrometer, DNA, in MLF is the first indirect geometry instrument which chooses the coupled moderator as a pulsed neutron source in addition with a high speed disc chopper as a pulse-shaping device, aiming for high energy resolution with high intensity. The pulse-shaping has the advantage of obtaining a variety of slit opening times. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of limiting the wavelength band width measured within one pulse-shaped neutron beam. This disadvantage is solved by employing 4 slit discs on the pulse-shaping chopper and generating multiple pulse-shaped incident beams to realize efficient measuring, the so called Repetition Rate Multiplication: RRM technique. The automatic phasing procedure for the RRM technique is firstly discussed.
C1 [Takahashi, Nobuaki; Kawakita, Yukinobu; Nakajima, Kenji; Inamura, Yasuhiro; Nakatani, Takeshi; Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Fujiwara, Satoru; Sato, Taku J.; Mezei, Ferenc; Arai, Masatoshi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Shibata, Kaoru; Tsukushi, Itaru] Comprehens Res Org Sci & Soc, Naka, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
[Nakagawa, Hiroshi; Fujiwara, Satoru] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
[Tsukushi, Itaru] Chiba Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Narashino, Chiba 2750016, Japan.
[Mezei, Ferenc] HAS SzFKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
[Mezei, Ferenc] European Spallat Source ESS AB, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
[Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Mutka, Hannu] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
RP Takahashi, N (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
RI Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015
OI Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998
NR 12
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 2
PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034,
JAPAN
SN 0031-9015
J9 J PHYS SOC JPN
JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
PD JAN 1
PY 2011
VL 80
SU B
AR SB007
DI 10.1143/JPSJS.80SB.SB007
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA V44PV
UT WOS:000209761800007
ER
PT J
AU Roberts, JR
Chapman, RS
Tirumala, VR
Karim, A
Chen, BT
Schwegler-Berry, D
Stefaniak, AB
Leonard, SS
Antonini, JM
AF Roberts, Jenny R.
Chapman, Rebecca S.
Tirumala, Vijay R.
Karim, Alamgir
Chen, Bean T.
Schwegler-Berry, Diane
Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.
Leonard, Stephen S.
Antonini, James M.
TI Toxicological Evaluation of Lung Responses After Intratracheal Exposure
to Non-Dispersed Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
LA English
DT Article
ID PULMONARY CLEARANCE; SURFACE-AREA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ULTRAFINE
PARTICLES; BACTERIAL PATHOGEN; CARBON-NANOTUBES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES;
FISCHER-344 RATS; FREE-RADICALS; TOXICITY
AB Fine- and coarse-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles are considered to be relatively inert when inhaled. The goal of this study was to assess potential lung toxicity associated with well-characterized, non-dispersed rutile TiO2 nanorods (10 x 40 nm). In vitro bioreactivity of TiO2 nanorods was determined by electron spin resonance (ESR) to measure free radical production. To assess pulmonary effects in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline, silica, or TiO2 nanorods (10 g, 100 g, or 1 mg/rat). On d 1, 3, and 6 posttreatment, left lungs were preserved for microscopy and histopathology, and lung lavage was performed on right lungs. Additional rats were treated with saline or TiO2 nanorods (100 g or 1 mg/rat) on d 0, intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 105 Listeria monocytogenes on d 3, and bacterial clearance was assessed. ESR showed a significant concentration-dependent generation of hydroxyl radicals by TiO2 nanorods in the presence and absence of macrophages; however, the hydroxyl radical signals from TiO2 samples were low compared to silica. Rats exposed to 1 mg of TiO2 nanorods had significantly elevated levels of lung injury, inflammation, and lavage fluid monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 on d 1 and 3 that subsided by d 6, unlike the silica response that persisted. Immune cytokine secretion in the lung and bacterial clearance were not affected by preexposure to TiO2 nanorods. To summarize, non-dispersed TiO2 nanorods were found to induce radical formation and cellular oxidant production, and to generate transient and reversible pneumotoxic effects, and to not markedly alter pulmonary immune function.
C1 [Roberts, Jenny R.; Chapman, Rebecca S.; Chen, Bean T.; Schwegler-Berry, Diane; Leonard, Stephen S.; Antonini, James M.] NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
[Tirumala, Vijay R.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stefaniak, Aleksandr B.] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Roberts, JR (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
EM jur6@cdc.gov
RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012
NR 44
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1528-7394
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A
PY 2011
VL 74
IS 12
BP 790
EP 810
AR PII 937142880
DI 10.1080/15287394.2011.567954
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Toxicology
GA 761OZ
UT WOS:000290408600005
PM 21541881
ER
PT J
AU Abdelzaher, AM
Wright, ME
Ortega, C
Hasan, AR
Shibata, T
Solo-Gabriele, HM
Kish, J
Withum, K
He, GQ
Elmir, SM
Bonilla, JA
Bonilla, TD
Palmer, CJ
Scott, TM
Lukasik, J
Harwood, VJ
McQuaig, S
Sinigalliano, CD
Gidley, ML
Wanless, D
Plano, LRW
Garza, AC
Zhu, XF
Stewart, JR
Dickerson, JW
Yampara-Iquise, H
Carson, C
Fleisher, JM
Fleming, LE
AF Abdelzaher, Amir M.
Wright, Mary E.
Ortega, Cristina
Hasan, A. Rasem
Shibata, Tomoyoki
Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.
Kish, Jonathan
Withum, Kelly
He, Guoqing
Elmir, Samir M.
Bonilla, J. Alfredo
Bonilla, Tonya D.
Palmer, Carol J.
Scott, Troy M.
Lukasik, Jerzy
Harwood, Valerie J.
McQuaig, Shannon
Sinigalliano, Christopher D.
Gidley, Maribeth L.
Wanless, David
Plano, Lisa R. W.
Garza, Anna C.
Zhu, Xiaofang
Stewart, Jill R.
Dickerson, Jerold W., Jr.
Yampara-Iquise, Helen
Carson, Charles
Fleisher, Jay M.
Fleming, Lora E.
TI Daily measures of microbes and human health at a non-point source marine
beach
SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE beach; epidemiology; health; marine; microbes; non-point
ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
WATER-QUALITY; RECREATIONAL WATER; COASTAL WATERS; SUBTROPICAL
ENVIRONMENT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LAKE-MICHIGAN; BATHERS
AB Studies evaluating the relationship between microbes and human health at non-point source beaches are necessary for establishing criteria which would protect public health while minimizing economic burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality and daily cumulative health effects (gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory illnesses) for bathers at a non-point source subtropical marine recreational beach in order to better understand the inter-relationships between these factors and hence improve monitoring and pollution prevention techniques. Daily composite samples were collected, during the Oceans and Human Health Beach Exposure Assessment and Characterization Health Epidemiologic Study conducted in Miami (Florida, USA) at a non-point source beach, and analyzed for several pathogens, microbial source tracking markers, indicator microbes, and environmental parameters. Analysis demonstrated that rainfall and tide were more influential, when compared to other environmental factors and source tracking markers, in determining the presence of both indicator microbes and pathogens. Antecedent rainfall and F+ coliphage detection in water should be further assessed to confirm their possible association with skin and gastrointestinal (GI) illness outcomes, respectively. The results of this research illustrate the potential complexity of beach systems characterized by non-point sources, and how more novel and comprehensive approaches are needed to assess beach water quality for the purpose of protecting bather health.
C1 [Abdelzaher, Amir M.; Wright, Mary E.; Ortega, Cristina; Hasan, A. Rasem; Shibata, Tomoyoki; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Kish, Jonathan; Withum, Kelly; He, Guoqing; Elmir, Samir M.; Bonilla, J. Alfredo; Bonilla, Tonya D.; Palmer, Carol J.; Scott, Troy M.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Wanless, David; Plano, Lisa R. W.; Garza, Anna C.; Zhu, Xiaofang; Fleisher, Jay M.; Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Shibata, Tomoyoki] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA.
[Elmir, Samir M.] Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL 33056 USA.
[Bonilla, J. Alfredo; Bonilla, Tonya D.] Univ Florida, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA.
[Scott, Troy M.] BCS Labs Inc, Miami, FL 33155 USA.
[Lukasik, Jerzy] BCS Labs Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA.
[Harwood, Valerie J.; McQuaig, Shannon] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Sinigalliano, Christopher D.; Gidley, Maribeth L.; Wanless, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Pediat, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
[Plano, Lisa R. W.] Univ Miami, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
[Zhu, Xiaofang] Univ Miami, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Stewart, Jill R.; Dickerson, Jerold W., Jr.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Stewart, Jill R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Yampara-Iquise, Helen; Carson, Charles] Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Fleisher, Jay M.] Nova SE Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33328 USA.
[Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth & Marine Biol & Fisher, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, NSF NIEHS Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM hmsolo@miami.edu
RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014;
OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; gidley,
maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073; Fleisher, Jay/0000-0002-2553-2201
FU National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH); Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through
monies from the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP);
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); National Science Foundation
(NSF); University of Miami; National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human Health Center at the University of
Miami Rosenstiel School [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373, NIEHS P50 ES12736]; NSF
REU in Oceans and Human Health; NSF SGER [NSF SGER 0743987]; IDEXX
Corporation; Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative Institute
[NA06OAR4320264]
FX This study was funded in part from the following sources: the National
Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC); Florida Dept of Health (FL DOH) through monies from
the Florida Dept of Environmental Protection (FL DEP); the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) Internship Program; the National Science
Foundation (NSF), the University of Miami IRDI Program, and the National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Oceans and Human
Health Center at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School (NSF
0CE0432368/0911373) and (NIEHS P50 ES12736) and NSF REU in Oceans and
Human Health, and the NSF SGER (NSF SGER 0743987) in Oceans and Human
Health. We would also like to thank IDEXX Corporation for their support
of our project through the provision of supplies needed for the
chromogenic substrate analysis of enterococci.; Development and
utilization of the dog-host-specific Bacteroidales 'DogBac' qPCR assay
was funded in part by the Northern Gulf Institute, a NOAA Cooperative
Institute (US Department of Commerce award NA06OAR4320264). The
investigators would like to also dedicate this research to the memory of
Ms Seana Campbell, a very talented, hardworking and creative young
investigator who enriched all people whose lives she touched, and who
died very young.
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 21
PU IWA PUBLISHING
PI LONDON
PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND
SN 1477-8920
J9 J WATER HEALTH
JI J. Water Health
PY 2011
VL 9
IS 3
BP 443
EP 457
DI 10.2166/wh.2011.146
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
Microbiology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
Health; Microbiology; Water Resources
GA 804AC
UT WOS:000293624300003
PM 21976192
ER
PT J
AU Norberg, SE
Burkanov, VN
Tuomi, P
Andrews, RD
AF Norberg, Sarah E.
Burkanov, Vladimir N.
Tuomi, Pam
Andrews, Russel D.
TI Hematology of Free-Ranging, Lactating Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus
ursinus
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Callorhinus ursinus; female; free-ranging; hematology; lactating;
northern fur seal
ID NEOPHOCA-CINEREA; CHEMISTRY; VALUES; LIONS
AB Thirteen standard hematology values were determined for a healthy and growing population of free-ranging, lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from Lovushki Island in the Kuril Islands of far-east Russia. Results are presented from 24 females sampled between June and August during the 3-yr period of 2006-08. Hematologic values have been made available for future comparisons with the declining population of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, and are compared with published values for other otariid species.
C1 [Norberg, Sarah E.; Tuomi, Pam; Andrews, Russel D.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Burkanov, Vladimir N.] Russian Acad Sci, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 686300, Russia.
[Andrews, Russel D.] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
RP Norberg, SE (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, POB 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
EM stellertech@hotmail.com
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
FX We thank the following individuals for their support of this study: V.
Aderholt, A. Altukhov, R. Belobrov, B. Bernhardt, E. Gurarie, I. Hill,
D. Holley, E. Mamaev, Y. Mitani, N. Kutrukhin, L. Leppert, P. Olivier,
P. Permyakov, S. Purtov, S. Sergeev, O. Shpak, T. Shulezhko, J. Skinner,
B. Smith, A. Sychenko, A. Tretyakov, and J. Waite. This research was
funded by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration to the Alaska SeaLife Center. Logistic support for field
work in Russia was provided by North Pacific Wildlife Consulting, LLC.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 217
EP 221
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 720KS
UT WOS:000287280200022
PM 21270012
ER
PT J
AU Harris, HS
Facemire, P
Greig, DJ
Colegrove, KM
Ylitalo, GM
Yanagida, GK
Nutter, FB
Fleetwood, M
Gulland, FMD
AF Harris, Heather S.
Facemire, Paul
Greig, Denise J.
Colegrove, Kathleen M.
Ylitalo, Gina M.
Yanagida, Gladys K.
Nutter, Felicia B.
Fleetwood, Michelle
Gulland, Frances M. D.
TI Congenital Neuroglial Heterotopia in a Neonatal Harbor Seal (Phoca
vitulina richardsi) with Evidence of Recent Exposure to Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Congenital defect; neuroglial heterotopia; PAH; oil; harbor seal; Phoca
vitulina
ID SOFT-TISSUE GLIOMATOSIS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; GLIAL CHORISTOMA; BRAIN;
MASS; CALIFORNIA; TONGUE; REGION; PALATE; FETUS
AB A male neonatal Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) stranded off the coast of California, USA, was presented for rehabilitation with numerous partially haired, soft tissue masses around the mouth and in the oropharynx. Because of the extent of the lesions, the seal was humanely euthanized. Histologically, the masses consisted of subepithelial connective tissue and subcutis expanded by a proliferation of streams and bundles of spindle to stellate cells. Morphology of these cells suggested a neural origin, which was confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry for two neural markers, S-100 protein and glial fibrillary, acidic protein, so the masses were diagnosed as neuroglial heterotopia. Heterotopic neuroglial tissue is a rare lesion comprised of benign mature neural tissue in an ectopic location with no connection to the central nervous system. Results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite analysis of bile indicated recent exposure to a petroleum source. Although fetal exposure to PAHs in liter can cause neurotoxicity and affect normal embryonic development, it is unknown whether gestational exposure occurred in this case.
C1 [Harris, Heather S.; Greig, Denise J.; Nutter, Felicia B.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
[Facemire, Paul; Fleetwood, Michelle] Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA.
[Colegrove, Kathleen M.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA.
[Ylitalo, Gina M.; Yanagida, Gladys K.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Gulland, FMD (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 2000 Bunker Rd, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
EM gullandf@tmmc.org
NR 52
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 47
IS 1
BP 246
EP 254
PG 9
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 720KS
UT WOS:000287280200027
PM 21270017
ER
PT B
AU Murray, S
Hertko, MD
AF Murray, Sylvester
Hertko, Mark D.
BE Johnson, NJ
Svara, JH
TI Environmental Justice and Land Use Planning
SO JUSTICE FOR ALL: PROMOTING SOCIAL EQUITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
SE Transformational Trends in Governance and Democracy
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Murray, Sylvester] Savannah State Univ, Govt & Publ Adm, Savannah, GA 31404 USA.
[Murray, Sylvester] SSU, Master Publ Adm Program, Savannah, GA USA.
[Murray, Sylvester] Cleveland State Univ, Publ Management Program, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA.
[Murray, Sylvester] Cleveland State Univ, Levin Coll Urban Affairs, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA.
[Murray, Sylvester] Int City & Cty Management Assoc, Washington, DC USA.
[Murray, Sylvester] Amer Soc Publ Adm, Washington, DC USA.
[Murray, Sylvester] Natl Acad Publ Adm, Africa Working Grp, Washington, DC USA.
[Hertko, Mark D.] Natl Acad Publ Adm, Washington, DC USA.
[Hertko, Mark D.] NOAA, Dept Commerce, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Hertko, Mark D.] Natl Pk Serv, Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20240 USA.
[Hertko, Mark D.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Hertko, Mark D.] US DOE, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
RP Murray, S (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Govt & Publ Adm, Savannah, GA 31404 USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROUTLEDGE
PI ABINGDON
PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-7656-3026-1; 978-1-317-46673-4; 978-0-7656-3025-4
J9 TRANSFORM TR GOV DEM
PY 2011
BP 192
EP 206
PG 15
WC Public Administration
SC Public Administration
GA BF6MW
UT WOS:000383343200011
ER
PT J
AU Gaitan, M
Locascio, L
AF Gaitan, Michael
Locascio, Laurie
TI Art in Science
SO LAB ON A CHIP
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Gaitan, Michael; Locascio, Laurie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gaitan, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1473-0197
J9 LAB CHIP
JI Lab Chip
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 993
EP 994
DI 10.1039/c1lc90007b
PG 2
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience
& Nanotechnology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA 728IF
UT WOS:000287867100001
PM 21344075
ER
PT J
AU Forry, SP
Locascio, LE
AF Forry, Samuel P.
Locascio, Laurie E.
TI On-chip CO2 control for microfluidic cell culture
SO LAB ON A CHIP
LA English
DT Article
ID CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); PERMEATION; DIFFUSION;
DEVICES; BEHAVIOR; PLATFORM; SORPTION; SYSTEMS; ARRAY
AB Carbon dioxide partial pressure (P-CO2) was controlled on-chip by flowing pre-equilibrated aqueous solutions through control channels across the device. Elevated P-CO2 (e. g. 0.05 atm) was modulated in neighboring stagnant channels via equilibration through the highly gas permeable substrate, poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Stable gradients in P-CO2 were demonstrated with a pair of control lines in a source-sink configuration. P-CO2 equilibration was found to be sufficiently rapid (minutes) and stable (days) to enable long-term microfluidic culture of mammalian cells. The aqueous solutions flowing through the device also mitigated pervaporative losses at sustained elevated temperatures (e. g. 37 C), as compared to flowing humidified gas through the control lines to control P-CO2. Since pervaporation (and the associated increase in osmolality) was minimized, stopped-flow cell culture became possible, wherein cell secretions can accumulate within the confined environment of the microfluidic culture system. This strategy was utilized to demonstrate long-term (> 7 days) microfluidic culture of mouse fibroblasts under stopped-flow conditions without requiring the microfluidic system to be placed inside a cell culture incubator.
C1 [Forry, Samuel P.; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Forry, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM samuel.forry@nist.gov
NR 29
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 24
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1473-0197
J9 LAB CHIP
JI Lab Chip
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 23
BP 4041
EP 4046
DI 10.1039/c1lc20505f
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience
& Nanotechnology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA 844HA
UT WOS:000296737100015
PM 21996787
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, WX
Kline, M
Hu, P
Wang, Y
AF Jiang, Wenxiao
Kline, Margaret
Hu, Peter
Wang, Yue
TI Identification of dual false indirect exclusions on the D5S818 and FGA
loci
SO LEGAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE False indirect exclusion; D5S818; FGA; Short tandem repeat;
Primer-binding site
ID D13S317
AB Here, we present a case in which the result of a maternity test was obscured due to two false indirect exclusions that occurred in two out of 15 genetic kid through the use of the AmpFISTR Identifiler PCR Amplification kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The Identifiler kit failed to amplify allele 11 of the D5S818 system on the child and failed to capture the existence of allele 13 on the FGA system on both mother and child. The situation was remedied through use of the PowerPlex 16 PCR Amplification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI) which used different primers with a different allele range than that of the Identifiler kit. Maternity was confirmed through sequencing and it was found that the failure of the Identifier kit to amplify allele 11 on the D5S818 system was the result of an incompatibility to the primer-binding site due to a mutation that changed a guanine (G) into a thymine (T) 55 base pairs (bp) downstream of the repeat. The inability of the Identifiler kit to pick up allele 13 of the FGA system was due to the out-of-range location of the allele. Indirect exclusions can be misleading if they are not fully investigated since allele range as well as primer-binding affinity are two confounders that must be addressed to ensure accuracy of the test results. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jiang, Wenxiao; Hu, Peter; Wang, Yue] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Mol Genet Technol Program, Sch Hlth Profess, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Kline, Margaret] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Genet Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wang, Yue] Ctr Med Genet, Houston, TX 77054 USA.
RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Mol Genet Technol Program, Sch Hlth Profess, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM ywang@geneticstesting.com
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) [2008-DN-121]
FX The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded the work performed by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through
interagency agreement 2008-DN-121 to the NIST Office of Law Enforcement
Standards. Official Disclaimer: Contribution of the NIST. Certain
commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in order
to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case
does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by NIST
nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, or equipment
identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Points of
view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent the official position or policies of the US Department of
Justice.
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000,
IRELAND
SN 1344-6223
J9 LEGAL MED-TOKYO
JI Leg. Med.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 1
BP 30
EP 34
DI 10.1016/j.legalmed.2010.08.006
PG 5
WC Medicine, Legal; Social Sciences, Biomedical
SC Legal Medicine; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA 721WJ
UT WOS:000287388200006
PM 21030286
ER
PT J
AU Rodgveller, CJ
Sigler, MF
Hanselman, DH
Ito, DH
AF Rodgveller, Cara J.
Sigler, Michael F.
Hanselman, Dana H.
Ito, Daniel H.
TI Sampling Efficiency of Longlines for Shortraker and Rougheye Rockfish
Using Observations from a Manned Submersible
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; STOCK;
TRAWL; BAIT
AB Populations of demersal rockfish of the genus Sebastes are challenging to assess because they inhabit rocky areas that are difficult to sample with trawl gear. In contrast, longline gear can sample rocky areas, but several factors besides fish density can affect the relationship between catch rates and density. In this study, longline catch rates of shortraker rockfish Sebastes borealis and rougheye rockfish S. aleutianus were compared with observations of density from a manned submersible to evaluate the species' catchability on longline gear. On separate occasions, rockfish behavior in the presence of longline gear was observed from the submersible. Densities averaged 3.0 shortraker and rougheye rockfish (combined) per 330 m(2) of bottom (the effectively sampled area of a 100-m transect). Longline catch rates averaged 2.7 shortraker and rougheye rockfish per skate of 45 hooks. Longline catch rates were not statistically affected by submersible observations. There was a positive trend between density and longline catch rates, but the relationship was not significant. As observed from the submersible, the proportion of fish free-swimming near the longline increased through the duration of the set, indicating that rockfish were attracted to the line faster than they were caught. The catching process for shortraker and rougheye rockfish lasts longer than for more mobile species such as sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria.
C1 [Rodgveller, Cara J.; Sigler, Michael F.; Hanselman, Dana H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Ito, Daniel H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Rodgveller, CJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov
NR 32
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.558447
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700001
ER
PT J
AU Cooper, D
McDermott, S
AF Cooper, Daniel
McDermott, Susanne
TI Seasonal, Small-Scale Distribution of Atka Mackerel in the Aleutian
Islands, Alaska, with Respect to Reproduction
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS
AB We investigated the spatial distribution of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius with respect to maturity stage at Seguam Pass in the Aleutian Islands as well as their spawning locations within trawlable areas at three small-scale (10-20-nautical mile or 18.5-37.0-km) sites. Histological methods were used to determine maturity stages, and male maturity stages are described for the first time. Spawning areas were identified by catch per unit effort of demersal egg masses. At Seguam Pass, spawning was concentrated in the area adjacent to the east side of Amlia Island and between Amlia and Seguam islands. The observed spatial segregation of Atka mackerel by sex and maturity stage appears to interact with the boundaries of the trawl exclusion zone (TEZ) at Seguam Pass. During spawning, mature fish aggregate inside the closed area and immature fish and nonreproductively active mature males aggregate outside the TEZ in the area open to fishing. This increased the commercial catch selectivity of nonreproductively active males and immature fish during the September fishery. The spawning areas observed at Seguam and Tanaga passes and near Amchitka Island were within TEZs, which may serve as de facto marine protected areas for spawning Atka mackerel.
C1 [Cooper, Daniel; McDermott, Susanne] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Cooper, D (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM dan.cooper@noaa.gov
NR 17
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 10
EP 20
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.558439
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700002
ER
PT J
AU Rand, KM
Lowe, SA
AF Rand, Kimberly M.
Lowe, Sandra A.
TI Defining Essential Fish Habitat for Atka Mackerel with Respect to
Feeding within and Adjacent to Aleutian Islands Trawl Exclusion Zones
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; ALASKA;
OCEANOGRAPHY; ARCHIPELAGO; ABUNDANCE; EASTERN; PASSES
AB The distribution patterns of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius were examined, both seasonally and spatially, to identify essential feeding habitat and to add to existing knowledge of diet composition. The study focused on two local aggregations in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: one at Seguam Pass and one near Amchitka Island. At each locale, we examined the mean stomach fullness (i.e., feeding intensity) and diet composition of randomly selected fish within and outside of trawl exclusion zones (TEZs). The trawl exclusion zones extend out 10-20 nm from Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus rookeries and haulouts; no trawling is allowed inside these zones. During four of the six periods examined, mean stomach fullness was higher inside the TEZ than outside it. At Seguam Pass, fish were distributed into northern and southern aggregations and diet composition varied by age, season, and location relative to the TEZs. Feeding intensity appeared to be greatest inside the TEZ in the northern portion of Seguam Pass near a productive frontal region characterized by a transition zone of well-mixed (upwelling) and stratified water. At Seguam Pass, piscivory occurred almost entirely inside the TEZ in June. Near Amchitka Island, feeding intensity was significantly higher inside the TEZ, which coincided with an increase in egg cannibalism in October. Based on these observations, we suggest that the areas of increased feeding activity in conjunction with diet composition at Seguam Pass and Amchitka Island represent essential feeding habitat for Atka mackerel.
C1 [Rand, Kimberly M.; Lowe, Sandra A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Rand, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov
FU Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean at the University
of Washington; AFSC
FX We would like to thank Dan Cooper, Susanne McDermott, Susan Picquelle,
Liz Conners, Peter Munro, Libby Logerwell, and theAlaska Fisheries
Science Center (AFSC) age and growth program. Thanks also to the crew
from the vessels Pacific Explorer and Seafisher, all those who helped in
collecting samples and providing laboratory analyses-Jesse Aggee, Teresa
A'mar, Barney Baker, Alicia Billings, Ruth Christiansen, Chris Derrah,
Eric Dobbs, Rob Freyer, Alan Halvarson, John Hargrove, Justin Keesee,
Bob Lauth, Scott McKillip, Adam Mitchell, Ivonne Ortiz, Suzanne Romain,
and Ty Yasanak-and those providing laboratory assistance-Katie Dodd,
Rick Hibpshman, and Andy Whitehouse. Funding was provided by Joint
Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of
Washington and AFSC.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 21
EP 31
DI 10.1080/15427951.2010.558402
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700003
ER
PT J
AU Brown-Peterson, NJ
Wyanski, DM
Saborido-Rey, F
Macewicz, BJ
Lowerre-Barbieri, SK
AF Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.
Wyanski, David M.
Saborido-Rey, Fran
Macewicz, Beverly J.
Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan K.
TI A Standardized Terminology for Describing Reproductive Development in
Fishes
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; HALIBUT REINHARDTIUS-HIPPOGLOSSOIDES; LIFE-HISTORY;
ATLANTIC CROAKER; BATCH FECUNDITY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TELEOST FISH; COMMON
SNOOK; BONY FISHES; BIOLOGY
AB As the number of fish reproduction studies has proliferated, so has the number of gonadal classification schemes and terms. This hasmade it difficult for both scientists and resourcemanagers to communicate and for comparisons to be made among studies. We propose the adoption of a simple, universal terminology for the phases in the reproductive cycle, which can be applied to all male and female elasmobranch and teleost fishes. These phases were chosen because they define key milestones in the reproductive cycle; the phases include immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing, and regenerating. Although the temporal sequence of events during gamete development in each phase may vary among species, each phase has specific histological and physiological markers and is conceptually universal. The immature phase can occur only once. The developing phase signals entry into the gonadotropin-dependent stage of oogenesis and spermatogenesis and ultimately results in gonadal growth. The spawning capable phase includes (1) those fish with gamete development that is sufficiently advanced to allow for spawning within the current reproductive cycle and (2) batch-spawning females that show signs of previous spawns (i.e., postovulatory follicle complex) and that are also capable of additional spawns during the current cycle. Within the spawning capable phase, an actively spawning subphase is defined that corresponds to hydration and ovulation in females and spermiation in males. The regressing phase indicates completion of the reproductive cycle and, for many fish, completion of the spawning season. Fish in the regenerating phase are sexually mature but reproductively inactive. Species-specific histological criteria or classes can be incorporated within each of the universal phases, allowing for more specific divisions (subphases) while preserving the overall reproductive terminology for comparative purposes. This terminology can easily be modified for fishes with alternate reproductive strategies, such as hermaphrodites (addition of a transition phase) and livebearers (addition of a gestation phase).
C1 [Brown-Peterson, Nancy J.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
[Wyanski, David M.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Saborido-Rey, Fran] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas Vigo, E-36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
[Macewicz, Beverly J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Lowerre-Barbieri, Susan K.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Brown-Peterson, NJ (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
EM nancy.brown-peterson@usm.edu
RI Saborido-Rey, Fran/A-8440-2008
OI Saborido-Rey, Fran/0000-0002-2760-8169
FU Fish Reproduction and Fisheries (FRESH; European Cooperation in Science
and Technology Action) [FA0601]; West Palm Beach Fishing Club (Florida)
FX We are grateful to all participants attending the Third and Fourth
Workshops on Gonadal Histology of Fishes (Third Workshop in New Orleans,
Louisiana, 2006; Fourth Workshop in Cadiz, Spain, 2009) for their input
and insights as this terminology was being developed. In particular,
discussions with J. Tomkiewicz were invaluable during the development of
the terminology, and we are very appreciative of the time she devoted to
this project. Additionally, H. Grier, H. Murua, D. Nieland, and R.
Rideout were helpful in refining specific aspects of the terminology.
All Atlantic herring photographs in the manuscript were graciously
provided by J. Tomkiewicz, and R. Hagstrom assisted with the
photography. We also thank each of our institutions for their financial
support throughout this collaborative project. Fish Reproduction and
Fisheries (FRESH; European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action
FA0601) and theWest Palm Beach Fishing Club (Florida) provided funding
for the gonadal histology workshops where this terminology was developed
and refined. Additionally, we thank FRESH for travel and publication
funds. This is Contribution Number 678 of the South Carolina Marine
Resources Center.
NR 91
TC 216
Z9 223
U1 7
U2 75
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 52
EP 70
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.555724
PG 19
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700005
ER
PT J
AU Ainsworth, CH
AF Ainsworth, C. H.
TI Quantifying Species Abundance Trends in the Northern Gulf of California
Using Local Ecological Knowledge
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SHIFTING BASE-LINES; FISHERY; MARINE; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION;
EXTINCTION; ESTUARINE; SHARKS; MEXICO; WATER
AB Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires data on all parts of the ecosystem, and this can be a barrier in data-poor systems. Marine ecologists need a means of drawing together diverse information to reconstruct species abundance trends for a variety of purposes. This article uses a fuzzy logic approach to integrate information from multiple data sources and describe biomass trends for marine species groups in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Forty-two species groups were analyzed, comprising fish, invertebrates, birds, mammals, turtles, and algae. The most important new data series comes from recent interviews with fishers in the northern part of the gulf. Respondents were asked to classify the abundance of various targeted and untargeted marine species groups from 1950 to the present. The fuzzy logic method integrates their responses with catch-per-unit-effort series, intrinsic vulnerability to fishing determined from life history parameters, biomass predicted by a Schaefer harvest model, and other simple indices. The output of the fuzzy logic routine is a time series of abundance for each species group that can be compared with known trends. The results suggest a general decline in species abundance across fished and unfished taxa, with a few exceptions. Information gathered from interviews indicated that older fishers tended to recognize a greater relative decrease in species abundance since 1970 than did younger fishers, providing another example of Pauly's (1995) shifting cognitive baselines.
C1 [Ainsworth, C. H.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), Marine Resources Assessment Grp Amer, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM cameron.ainsworth@noaa.gov
FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Mia J. Tegner Memorial Research
Grants Program
FX I thank the following researchers at the Centro Intercultural de
Estudios de Desiertos y Oceanos (CEDO, Puerto Penasco): Mabilia Urquidi,
Sandra Reyes, Hem Nalini Morzaria Luna, Abigail Iris, and Eleazar Lopez,
along with Nabor Encinas of Comunidad y Biodiversidad (Guaymas) for
carrying out the interviews. The following people provided helpful
discussions and review of the manuscript: Isaac Kaplan, Phil Levin, Marc
Mangel, Hem Nalini Morzaria Luna, Nick Tolimieri, Jameal Samhouri
(Northwest Fisheries Science Center), and William Cheung (University of
East Anglia). I also thank Kenneth Rose and two anonymous referees for
their careful reviews, which greatly improved the quality of the
manuscript. The David and Lucille Packard Foundation provided funding
for this study. The Mia J. Tegner Memorial Research Grants Program
provided funding for CEDO community interviews.
NR 58
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 24
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 190
EP 218
DI 10.1080/19425120.2010.549047
PG 29
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700014
ER
PT J
AU Overholtz, WJ
Hare, JA
Keith, CM
AF Overholtz, W. J.
Hare, J. A.
Keith, C. M.
TI Impacts of Interannual Environmental Forcing and Climate Change on the
Distribution of Atlantic Mackerel on the US Northeast Continental Shelf
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; FISH; BIGHT; WATER
AB The Northwest Atlantic stock of Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus is distributed from Cape Hatteras to New-foundland and migrates great distances on a seasonal basis. Atlanticmackerel are sensitive to changes in temperature, preferring water greater than 5 degrees C. Annual changes in the winter and early-spring distributions of Atlantic mackerel were investigated using satellite imagery, research trawl surveys, geographical information systems, and spatial and standard statistical analyses. During the past 40-plus years (1968-2008), the distribution of the stock has shifted about 250 km to the north and east. Also, a change has occurred in the depth distribution of the stock, from deeper off-shelf locations to shallower on-shelf ones. Areal and bathymetric changes in distribution are correlated with interannual temperature variability and gradual warming. These results have implications for U. S. commercial and recreational mackerel fisheries because, despite the current high abundance of the stock, the changes in distribution will probably make it more difficult to find and catch Atlantic mackerel in certain areas in the future.
C1 [Overholtz, W. J.; Keith, C. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Hare, J. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Overholtz, WJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM wjomar@verizon.net
FU National Science Foundation
FX The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) data for this
study are from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by
the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at the National
Center for Atmospheric Research; the center is sponsored by the National
Science Foundation. The original data are available from the RDA
(http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set ds277.0. Maureen Taylor calculated the
volume of preferred habitat for use in this study.
NR 36
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 24
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 219
EP 232
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.578485
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700015
ER
PT J
AU Weitkamp, LA
Orsi, JA
Myers, KW
Francis, RC
AF Weitkamp, L. A.
Orsi, J. A.
Myers, K. W.
Francis, R. C.
TI Contrasting Early Marine Ecology of Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon in
Southeast Alaska: Insight into Factors Affecting Marine Survival
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
CURRENT; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PINK SALMON;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION;
BRITISH-COLUMBIA
AB To identify processes potentially contributing to the differential marine survival rates of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch originating from Southeast Alaska, we compared the early marine ecology of the two species during the critical first summer in marine waters. We predicted that the higher survival rates for coho salmon relative to Chinook salmon were related to the larger size, faster growth, or different habitat or species associations of coho salmon. Our size and growth expectations were largely substantiated: juvenile coho salmon were larger than juvenile Chinook salmon and had faster length-based growth, although weight-based growth rates were similar. The most obvious difference was in their distributions. Juvenile coho salmon overlapped spatially and temporally with abundant juvenile pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta, whereas juvenile Chinook salmon were geographically separated from other salmonids. This suggests that coho salmon benefited from a predation buffer that did not extend to Chinook salmon. Our results indicate that factors influencing marine survival of juvenile Chinook salmon and coho salmon in Southeast Alaska are attributable to species-specific differences in their early marine distribution patterns and species interactions.
C1 [Weitkamp, L. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Weitkamp, L. A.; Myers, K. W.; Francis, R. C.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Orsi, J. A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Field Stn, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration-Fisheries)
FX We thank the Auke Bay Laboratories personnel who participated in the
research surveys and conducted initial laboratory analyses. We are
grateful to the command and crew of the R/V John N. Cobb (National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for their cooperation and
performance throughout the surveys. We also thank the core members of
the SECM team-Molly Sturdevant, Emily Fergusson, and Alex Wertheimer-who
helped perform the at-sea data collection. Funding for L. Weitkamp was
provided by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center (National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration-Fisheries). This manuscript was greatly
improved by comments from J. Scheurer and J. Myers. Reference to trade
names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries
Service.
NR 89
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 18
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 233
EP 249
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.588919
PG 17
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700016
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, KS
Beckman, BR
Beaudreau, AH
Larsen, DA
Williams, GD
Levin, PS
AF Andrews, Kelly S.
Beckman, Brian R.
Beaudreau, Anne H.
Larsen, Donald A.
Williams, Greg D.
Levin, Phillip S.
TI Suitability of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) as a Measure of
Relative Growth Rates in Lingcod
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS;
POSTSMOLT COHO SALMON; CORAL-REEF DAMSELFISH; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON;
BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; MARINE RESERVES; ATLANTIC COD; FACTOR-I
AB The effectiveness of spatial management strategies is typically evaluated through traditional biological measurements of size, density, biomass, and the diversity of species inside and outside management boundaries. However, there have been relatively few attempts to evaluate the processes underlying these biological patterns. In this study, we take the first step toward developing a relative index of body growth for lingcod Ophiodon elongatus using plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) with the ultimate goal of measuring spatial differences in relative growth rates. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is one of the principal hormones that stimulates growth at the cellular level in all vertebrates and shows significant relationships with body growth in many fishes. In the laboratory, we found that the level of IGF1 was related to the instantaneous growth of juvenile lingcod. In the field, we measured size, condition, and plasma IGF1 level in 149 lingcod from eight locations inside and outside marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington. The IGF1 levels in wild lingcod were highly variable from site to site for both genders, and we were able to detect differences in IGF1 across space in males. Multivariate analyses showed that the spatial patterns of IGF1 differed from those of traditional biological measurements. More work is needed to validate the relationship between IGF1 and growth in larger individuals, but our research shows the potential for IGF1 to be used as an ecological indicator.
C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.; Beckman, Brian R.; Larsen, Donald A.; Williams, Greg D.; Levin, Phillip S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Beaudreau, Anne H.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov
OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800
FU University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
(UW-SAFS); Friday Harbor Laboratories; NWFSC; National Science
Foundation; ARCS Foundation; UW-SAFS
FX We thank the many volunteers involved in the collection of lingcod,
especially A. Dufault and C. Sergeant. We thank personnel at NOAA's
Manchester laboratory for the use of juvenile lingcod for the laboratory
study and to K. Cooper for running IGF1 assays. Thanks to the University
of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (UW-SAFS) and
Friday Harbor Laboratories for funding and facilities to conduct field
work. We thank N. Tolimieri for help with the multivariate analyses.
This research was funded in part by the Internal Grant Program at the
NWFSC. A. H. B. was supported by the National Science Foundation, ARCS
Foundation, and UW-SAFS.
NR 57
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U1 1
U2 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 250
EP 260
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.588921
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700017
ER
PT J
AU Hartman, KJ
Phelan, BA
Rosendale, JE
AF Hartman, Kyle J.
Phelan, Beth A.
Rosendale, John E.
TI Temperature Effects on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Used to
Estimate Dry Weight as a Condition Proxy in Coastal Bluefish
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; ENERGY DENSITY; BIOENERGETICS MODELS;
BODY-COMPOSITION; FISH; GROWTH; WATER
AB The highly migratory nature of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix makes comprehensive study of their populations and their potential responses to factors such as competition, habitat degradation, and climate change difficult. Body composition is an important ecological reference point for fish; however, estimating body composition in fish has been limited by analytical and logistical costs. We applied bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate one body composition component (percent dry weight) as a proxy of condition in bluefish. We used a tetra polar Quantum II BIA analyzer and measured electrical properties in the muscles of bluefish at two locations per fish (dorsal and ventral). In total, 96 bluefish ranging from 193 to 875 mm total length were used in model development and testing. On 59 of these fish BIA measures were taken at both 15 degrees C and 27 degrees C. Temperature had a significant negative effect on resistance and reactance. A subsample of these fish was then analyzed for dry weight as a percentage of their whole body weight (PDW), which is a good indicator of condition because it is highly correlated with fat content in fish. The BIA models predicting PDW inclusive of all lengths of bluefish were highly predictive for 15 degrees C (stepwise regression) and 27 degrees C. Regression (R(pred)(2)) values that estimate future predictive power suggest that both models were robust. Strong relationships between PDW and other body composition components, coupled with the BIA models presented here, provide the tools needed to quantitatively assess bluefish body composition across spatial and temporal scales for which assessment was previously impossible.
C1 [Hartman, Kyle J.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Phelan, Beth A.; Rosendale, John E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sandy Hook Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
RP Hartman, KJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM hartman@wvu.edu
FU Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program
FX We are grateful to J. Howell, G. Staines, and J. Nye for assistance in
field collections and measures and to J. Rosendale for collection and
husbandry of bluefish used at Sandy Hook. A. Hafs provided comments that
improved this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the
2004 Bluefish-Striped Bass Dynamics Research Program to KJH. All
procedures involving fish were conducted under guidelines approved by
the West Virginia University Animal Care and Use Committee under
protocol 05-0201.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 307
EP 316
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.603961
PG 10
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700022
ER
PT J
AU Sturdevant, M
Nishimura, G
Orsi, J
AF Sturdevant, Molly
Nishimura, Gary
Orsi, Joe
TI Sidewinder: Description of a New Block Winch for Deploying Instruments
at Sea
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; TUCKER TRAWL; TECHNOLOGY; NETS
AB We describe a new electric winch design and its functionality for conducting research operations off different-sized vessels. Currently, several small oceanographic winches are available for deploying research instruments and nets, but they are typically heavy, noisy, semipermanently mounted to the deck, hydraulically operated, and not readily transferable between vessels. The limitation of winch portability between vessels, in particular, has been exacerbated by the increasing use of a variety of chartered vessels to conduct state and federal agency and university research. To address these challenges, we developed a relatively lightweight (70 kg), portable block-design winch that is spooled with 400 m of plasma line, powered by two 12-V marine batteries, and operated by a remote control box on a pendant equipped with a joystick. The 2.2-kW drive produces 100 kg of line pull at speeds of 0 to 2.0 m/s. The pendant includes digital displays for line speed, scope, and angle as well as an emergency stop. Nicknamed the "Sidewinder," this winch is quiet, can be operated by one person, and is suspended outboard from a davit or crane boom, increasing available deck space and relocating all lines safely away from vessel personnel. On vessels 7 to 50 m in length the Sidewinder has been successfully tested for deploying small gear such as conductivity-temperature-depth profilers and large BONGO plankton nets that require specific deployment and retrieval speeds and line angles. To ensure safe operation, vessel support features such as the power system and davit working load capacity should be considered when the Sidewinder is custom-built.
C1 [Sturdevant, Molly; Orsi, Joe] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Nishimura, Gary] Markey Machinery Co Inc, Seattle, WA 98108 USA.
RP Sturdevant, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM molly.sturdevant@noaa.gov
FU Auke Bay Laboratories management
FX We thank B. A. Griffin, B. Dempke, P. Hammerschlag, S. Kreis, and J.
Davis for contributing invaluable engineering support from the early
stages through the duration of the project. Shop expertise provided by
A. Wheatley overcame several unexpected challenges during final assembly
and shop testing, and support for the electrical controls was provided
by S. DeMers and S. Hatvany. We also thank E. A. Fergusson and S. A.
Ballard for assistance with field testing, G. Garcia and the captain and
crew of the FV Northwest Explorer for vessel assistance, and Auke Bay
Laboratories management for supporting this project. Reference to
trademarked names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine
Fisheries Service.
NR 17
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U1 1
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 317
EP 323
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.608582
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700023
ER
PT J
AU McDermott, SF
Cooper, DW
Guthridge, JL
Spies, IB
Canino, MF
Woods, P
Hillgruber, N
AF McDermott, Susanne F.
Cooper, Daniel W.
Guthridge, Jared L.
Spies, Ingrid B.
Canino, Mike F.
Woods, Pamela
Hillgruber, Nicola
TI Effects of Maternal Growth on Fecundity and Egg Quality of Wild and
Captive Atka Mackerel
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS;
BATCH FECUNDITY; MARINE FISH; PLAICE; SIZE; SEA; TEMPERATURE; MATURATION
AB Trade-offs in energy allocation between growth and reproduction can result in variations in reproductive potential in fish with differing growth patterns. Spawning biomass is often used as a proxy for reproductive potential on the assumption that fecundity is directly proportional to body weight. We examined variations in the reproductive potential of Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius by studying the effect of differential growth and condition patterns on fecundity, atresia, and egg energy. Fecundity and egg energy were determined for fish from two geographic areas, Seguam Pass and Amchitka Island, Alaska, and compared with those of fish held in captivity. These Atka mackerel showed distinct differences in growth and condition, with weight at length and length at age being the highest among captive fish, intermediate among fish from Seguam Pass, and lowest among fish from Amchitka Island. Realized fecundity showed that on average captive fish spawned seven batches, fish from Seguam Pass six batches, and fish from Amchitka Island five batches. For wild fish, potential and realized fecundity at length or age was significantly higher at Seguam Pass than at Amchitka Island, whereas the fecundity-at-weight relationship did not differ by area, suggesting that weight is a better predictor of fecundity than length or age. Atresia and batch fecundity by length or weight did not differ by area, suggesting that the variation in fecundity is better explained by the variation in batch number than by batch size. Oocyte dry weight was higher for captive fish than for wild fish, whereas batch order did not significantly affect oocyte dry weight. Increased potential fecundity, realized fecundity, and oocyte quality in Atka mackerel females were strongly related to body size, indicating that growth differences and maternal feeding success impact the fecundity and oocyte quality of Atka mackerel. Therefore, changes in growth and condition patterns need to be taken into account to accurately estimate the reproductive potential of this species.
C1 [McDermott, Susanne F.; Cooper, Daniel W.; Spies, Ingrid B.; Canino, Mike F.; Woods, Pamela] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Guthridge, Jared L.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA.
[Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP McDermott, SF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM susanne.mcdermott@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board [522]
FX We thank Richard Hocking (ASLC) for providing aquarium space and the
assistance of aquarium staff, Jennifer O'Quin (ASLC) for sampling egg
masses, and Madolyn Hollowed and Emily Gallichote for counting oocytes
and measuring oocyte energy. David Beauchamp (University of Washington)
provided us the use of a bomb calorimeter. Cascade Fishing Company
graciously allowed us to collect ovaries aboard the Seafisher. We thank
Susan Picquelle (AFSC) for statistical assistance and Daniel Nichol for
comments. We also thank all the AFSC scientists involved in collecting
samples during our research cruises, especially Kimberly Rand, Sandi
Neidetcher, and Robert Lauth. We would like to thank the North Pacific
Research Board for providing funds for this project (project 522).
Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National
Marine Fisheries Service.
NR 28
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U1 0
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 324
EP 335
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.608592
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700024
ER
PT J
AU Piner, KR
Lee, HH
Maunder, MN
Methot, RD
AF Piner, Kevin R.
Lee, Hui-Hua
Maunder, Mark N.
Methot, Richard D.
TI A Simulation-Based Method to Determine Model Misspecification: Examples
Using Natural Mortality and Population Dynamics Models
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISHERY; OCEAN
AB Recent developments in the models used in wildlife and fisheries science have allowed the inclusion of a wider range of data than previously. However, the diagnostics of such complex models have not kept pace. We describe a new diagnostic technique based on simulation analysis. Model misspecification was identified through simulation methods that created a distribution of likely parameter values for a model that was correctly specified. If the actual estimate of that parameter is outside the bounds of the simulated distribution, then the model is probably misspecified. We tested the reliability of the new diagnostic by introducing known-model misspecification into complex fisheries stock assessment models. We then compared the results from this new diagnostic with those of a more tradition fisheries diagnostic, namely, retrospective analysis. The simulation-based diagnostic was shown to identify misspecification affecting the estimated dynamics more reliably than retrospective analysis.
C1 [Piner, Kevin R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Maunder, Mark N.] Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Methot, Richard D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Off Sci & Technol, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Piner, KR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM kevin.piner@noaa.gov
FU Southwest Fisheries Science Center
FX We thank our colleagues at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and
especially Stacey Miller for collating and providing these stock
assessments. The authors would also like to thank the Southwest
Fisheries Science Center that supported some of the authors during early
stages of the work. In addition, we want to thank the scientists of the
International Scientific Committee for providing early critiques of this
paper. We also thank Ana Parma and Andre Punt for comments on the
manuscript.
NR 23
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U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 336
EP 343
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.611005
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700025
ER
PT J
AU Vaughan, DS
Govoni, JJ
Shertzer, KW
AF Vaughan, Douglas S.
Govoni, John J.
Shertzer, Kyle W.
TI Relationship between Gulf Menhaden Recruitment and Mississippi River
Flow: Model Development and Potential Application for Management
SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; OF-MEXICO; BREVOORTIA-PATRONUS;
FRESH-WATER; FISH; ATLANTIC; ESTUARINE; HYPOXIA; LARVAL; ABUNDANCE
AB The Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus is one of the most abundant pelagic fishes in the northern coastal Gulf of Mexico (hereafter, "Gulf") and is the principal forage for various commercial and sport fishes, sea birds, and marine mammals. Part of the life history of Gulf menhaden is spent on the continental shelf and part is spent within estuaries. Adults spawn near the mouth of the Mississippi River, and larvae aggregate within the river plume front. Larval Gulf menhaden transit the continental shelf and enter estuaries of the northern Gulf as juveniles. Govoni (1997) demonstrated an association between the discharge of the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers and Gulf menhaden recruitment. In particular, he found an inverse association between Mississippi River discharge and estimated recruitment of half-year-old fish based on recruitment data from Vaughan et al. (1996). Vaughan et al. (2000) updated this relationship with a regression analysis. Here, we revisit the relationship with additional years of data through 2004. The inverse relationship continues to hold. In addition, we reframed this relationship to produce a 1-year-ahead prediction model for forecasting recruitment to age 1 from Mississippi River discharge; this model can be used in proactive fishery management. Finally, we revisited the stock assessment model of Vaughan et al. (2007) and demonstrated an improvement in model performance when information on annual river discharge was incorporated.
C1 [Vaughan, Douglas S.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Govoni, John J.] Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Vaughan, DS (reprint author), 214 Shell Landing Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM dvaughan97@gmail.com
NR 38
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Z9 4
U1 2
U2 19
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1942-5120
J9 MAR COAST FISH
JI Mar. Coast. Fish.
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 1
BP 344
EP 352
DI 10.1080/19425120.2011.620908
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 873IJ
UT WOS:000298874700026
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, AH
Ashford, JR
Brooks, CM
Krusic-Golub, K
Duhamel, G
Belchier, M
Lundstrom, CC
Cailliet, GM
AF Andrews, A. H.
Ashford, J. R.
Brooks, C. M.
Krusic-Golub, K.
Duhamel, G.
Belchier, M.
Lundstrom, C. C.
Cailliet, G. M.
TI Lead-radium dating provides a framework for coordinating age estimation
of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) between fishing areas
SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE age bias; age validation; Chilean sea bass; connectivity; lead-210;
longevity; Nototheniidae; radiometric age; radium-226
ID ROUGHY HOPLOSTETHUS-ATLANTICUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN;
ROSS SEA; GROWTH; VALIDATION; LONGEVITY; OTOLITHS; CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE
AB Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) or 'Chilean sea bass' support a valuable and controversial fishery, yet their life history is not well understood and longevity estimates range from similar to 20 to >50 years. In this study, lead-radium dating provided valid ages for juvenile to older adult groups, which were consistent with the counting of otolith growth zones in transverse otolith sections, and longevity estimates exceeding 30 years. Lead-radium dating revealed minor biases between the radiometric age and interpretation of growth zone counting for regional fishing areas monitored by two facilities, Center for Quantitative Fisheries Ecology (CQFE) and the Central Ageing Facility (CAF), using different age estimation techniques. For CQFE, under-ageing of similar to 3.3 years was observed for individuals with estimated ages under 20 years. For the CAF, ages were overestimated for young fish and underestimated for the oldest fish. Lead-radium dating detected underlying problems in coordinating age estimation between geographically separated fish stocks, and provided a framework to objectively assess otolith interpretation and growth modelling between laboratories based on age-validated data.
C1 [Andrews, A. H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
[Ashford, J. R.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA.
[Brooks, C. M.; Cailliet, G. M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Krusic-Golub, K.] Fish Ageing Serv Pty Ltd, Portarlington, Vic 3223, Australia.
[Duhamel, G.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France.
[Belchier, M.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Lundstrom, C. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov
RI MNHN/CNRS/UPMC/IRD, UMR BOREA/B-2312-2012; Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016
OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305
FU National Science Foundation [0232000]
FX We thank Donna Kline, Kenneth Coale of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
(MLML) and Cynthia Jones of Old Dominion University for assistance with
developing this collaborative age validation project as a National
Science Foundation project funded under project number 0232000. The
radiometric work presented here was performed with the infrastructure
laboratory support of MLML and the laboratory assistance of Donna Kline.
Guillermo Moreno, an observer in the CCAMLR monitoring program, provided
a set of otoliths used in the earliest stages of determining the
application parameters. We acknowledge the contribution of fishery
observers working on commercial fishing vessels operating on the
Kerguelen Plateau and in the Heard and McDonald fishery for their
collection efforts. The Australian Antarctic Division provided the
otolith samples aged by the CAF. Thanks to Ed DeMartini and Chris Boggs
for providing an internal NOAA review of this manuscript. Baie dankie to
Paul Cowley (SAIAB, South Africa) for manuscript comments and support
through the dissertation process for Allen Andrews. This manuscript is
based on a dissertation chapter by Allen Andrews from Rhodes University.
NR 56
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U2 8
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1323-1650
J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES
JI Mar. Freshw. Res.
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 7
BP 781
EP 789
DI 10.1071/MF10225
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 796WS
UT WOS:000293084800001
ER
PT J
AU Andrews, AH
Kalish, JM
Newman, SJ
Johnston, JM
AF Andrews, Allen H.
Kalish, John M.
Newman, Stephen J.
Johnston, Justine M.
TI Bomb radiocarbon dating of three important reef-fish species using
Indo-Pacific Delta C-14 chronologies
SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE age validation; carbon-14; Epinephelidae; Indian Ocean; Lethrinidae;
longevity; Lutjanidae
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; COCOS KEELING ISLANDS; INDIAN-OCEAN;
LETHRINUS-NEBULOSUS; ETELIS-CARBUNCULUS; CORAL RADIOCARBON;
MORTALITY-RATES; AGE VALIDATION; PRE-BOMB; OTOLITHS
AB Demersal reef fishes of the Indo-Pacific are under increasing pressure as a fisheries resource, yet many of the important life history characteristics required for suitable management are poorly known. The three fish species, eightbar grouper (Hyporthodus octofasciatus), ruby snapper (Etelis carbunculus) and the spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus), are important components of fisheries and ecosystems throughout the Indo-Pacific. Despite their importance, age and growth information is incomplete. Age has been estimated for E. carbunculus and L. nebulosus, but validated age beyond the first few years is lacking and for H. octofasciatus no age estimates exist. Bomb radiocarbon dating can provide age estimates that are independent of growth-zone counting, but only if appropriate reference D 14 C chronologies exist. In this study, a series of D 14 C records from hermatypic corals was assembled to provide a basis for bomb radiocarbon dating in the western Indo-Pacific region. Results provided (1) valid age estimates for comparison to age estimates from two facilities investigating growth-zones in otolith thin sections; (2) support for age estimation protocols using otolith thin sections; and (3) the information necessary for further refinement of age estimation procedures. Estimates of longevity from bomb radiocarbon dating agree with some prior studies: H. octofasciatus, E. carbunculus and L. nebulosus all being long-lived species with life spans of at least 43, 35 and 28 years respectively.
C1 [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
[Kalish, John M.; Johnston, Justine M.] Australian Natl Univ, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
[Newman, Stephen J.] Govt Western Australia, Dept Fisheries, Western Australian Fisheries & Marine Res Labs, North Beach, WA 6920, Australia.
[Johnston, Justine M.] Australian Fisheries Management Author, Canberra Bc, ACT 2610, Australia.
RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA.
EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov
RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016
OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305
FU Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC) [1993/109]
FX Quan Hua of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation,
Australia provided Delta14C data from Cocos Island and
assisted with data acquisition and interpretation. Nancy Grumet Prouty
of the US Geological Survey provided assistance with interpreting Indian
Ocean Delta14C circulation patterns. Stewart Fallon of the
Australian National University provided Delta14C data from
the Langkai Island coral. Thomas Guilderson of Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory provided Delta14C data from the Lombok
Strait coral. Thanks to Claudia Freiss of Grice Marine Laboratory,
Edward DeMartini, Robert Humphreys, Ryan Nichols of NOAA Fisheries and
an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on the manuscript.
Funding from the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC
Project No. 1993/109) supported this research. Logistical support was
provided by the Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics (Australian
National University) and the Department of Fisheries (Government of
Western Australia).
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PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1323-1650
J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES
JI Mar. Freshw. Res.
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 11
BP 1259
EP 1269
DI 10.1071/MF11080
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 840LA
UT WOS:000296440400001
ER
PT J
AU Palmer, C
Murphy, SA
Thiele, D
Parra, GJ
Robertson, KM
Beasley, I
Austin, CM
AF Palmer, Carol
Murphy, Stephen A.
Thiele, Deborah
Parra, Guido J.
Robertson, Kelly M.
Beasley, Isabel
Austin, Chris M.
TI Analysis of mitochondrial DNA clarifies the taxonomy and distribution of
the Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) in northern
Australian waters
SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE distribution; mitochondrial DNA; northern Australia
ID PACIFIC HUMPBACK DOLPHINS; SUBSTITUTIONS; CONSERVATION; DELPHINIDAE;
QUEENSLAND; PROGRAM
AB Conservation management relies on being able to identify and describe species. Recent morphological and molecular analyses of the dolphin genus Orcaella show a species-level disjunction between eastern Australia and Southeast Asia. However, because of restricted sampling, the taxonomic affinities of the geographically intermediate populations in the Northern Territory and Western Australia remained uncertain. We sequenced 403 base pairs of the mitochondrial control region from five free-ranging Orcaella individuals sampled from north-western Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Low net nucleotide divergence (0.11-0.67%) among the Australian Orcaella populations show that populations occurring in the Northern Territory and Western Australia belong to the Australian snubfin (O. heinsohni) rather than the Asian Irrawaddy dolphin (O. brevirostris). Clarifying the distribution of Orcaella is an important first step in the conservation and management for both species; however, an understanding of the metapopulation structure and patterns of dispersal among populations is now needed.
C1 [Palmer, Carol] Dept Nat Resources Environm Arts & Sport, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.
[Palmer, Carol; Austin, Chris M.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
[Murphy, Stephen A.] Map IT, Malanda, Qld 4885, Australia.
[Murphy, Stephen A.] Australian Wildlife Conservancy, Derby, WA 6728, Australia.
[Thiele, Deborah] Marequus Pty Ltd, Broome, WA 6725, Australia.
[Parra, Guido J.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
[Parra, Guido J.] S Australian Res & Dev Inst Aquat Sci, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia.
[Robertson, Kelly M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Beasley, Isabel] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia.
RP Palmer, C (reprint author), Dept Nat Resources Environm Arts & Sport, POB 496, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia.
EM caroll.palmer@nt.gov.au
RI Austin, Christopher/J-4527-2012;
OI Parra, Guido J./0000-0002-1284-4898
FU Biodiversity Division, Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the
Arts and Sport; Natural Resource Management Board of the Northern
Territory [A06018, CF2007/134]; Department of Environment, Water,
Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA); Deakin University Animal Welfare
Committee [A39/2005]; Department of Environment and Conservation (WA
DEC) [SF005072]
FX The authors thank Steve Winderlich (Kakadu National Park), Greg Leach,
John Woinarski and staff from the Biodiversity Division, Department of
Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport for project support.
Thanks go to Park and Wildlife Rangers of the Northern Territory, Peter
Fitzgerald, Andrew Wood and Adrian McKenzie for their excellent boat
driving and to Karen Gibb and staff at Biosciences North Australia,
Charles Darwin University, for laboratory support. The Western
Australian component of the study is indebted to Andrew McNee, Tony
Richards and Marguerite Tarzia for their support. Thanks go to two
anonymous referees for helpful comments on the manuscript. Fieldwork in
the Northern Territory was carried out under animal ethics Approval No.
A06018 and funding from the Natural Resource Management Board of the
Northern Territory (Project No. CF2007/134). In Western Australia,
fieldwork was facilitated by a grant from the (then) Department of
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA). Biopsy sampling was
conducted under animal ethics approval from Deakin University Animal
Welfare Committee (Project Ref. No. A39/2005) under a Licence to Take
Fauna for Scientific Purposes (SF005072) from the Department of
Environment and Conservation (WA DEC).
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PI CLAYTON
PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC
3168, AUSTRALIA
SN 1323-1650
EI 1448-6059
J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES
JI Mar. Freshw. Res.
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 11
BP 1303
EP 1307
DI 10.1071/MF11063
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 840LA
UT WOS:000296440400004
ER
PT J
AU Tribuzio, CA
Kruse, GH
AF Tribuzio, Cindy A.
Kruse, Gordon H.
TI Demographic and risk analyses of spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) in the
Gulf of Alaska using age-and stage-based population models
SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE elasmobranch; Leslie models; model comparison; shark
ID SHARK POPULATIONS; NATURAL MORTALITY; LIFE-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT;
ELASMOBRANCHS; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES; ACANTHIAS; PACIFIC
AB Demographic models are useful tools for assessing data-limited species and may be an appropriate alternative to cohort analyses for sharks due to their long-lived, slow-growing nature. In this study, age-and stage-based demographic analyses were conducted to examine the intrinsic rebound potential (r) and potential risk of fishing for spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) in the Gulf of Alaska. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to incorporate input parameter uncertainty. For an unfished population, r was estimated to be 0.02-0.03 year(-1). Fishing mortalities (F) of F = 0.04 and 0.03 (age- and stage-based models respectively), resulted in r 0, indicating that populations fished at higher F are not sustainable. Harvest strategies targeting juveniles (age-based model) and subadults (stage-based model) caused the highest risk of the population falling below defined thresholds (B-MSY, B-40% and B-50%) after 20 years. The age-and stage-based models provided similar estimates of r and sustainable fishing mortality, suggesting that the stage-based model is an appropriate substitute for the age-based model in this case. S. suckleyi and the closely related S. acanthias are often harvested around the world and this modelling approach could be useful to the management of these species and other sharks where data is limited.
C1 [Tribuzio, Cindy A.; Kruse, Gordon H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Tribuzio, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM cindy.tribuzio@noaa.gov
FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB); Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center;
Alaska Fisheries Science Center through the Cooperative Institute for
Arctic Research
FX This report is the result of research sponsored in part by the North
Pacific Research Board (NPRB), the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center
and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center Population Dynamics Fellowship
through the Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research. We thank V.
Gallucci, J. Rice, A. Andrews and W. Strasberger for their involvement
in this project, K. Goldman for advice and the Greg Hood of PopTools for
software guidance. We thank J. Fujioka, J. Heifetz and the anonymous
reviewers for comments on this manuscript. This is NPRB publication
number 308. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National
Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Likewise, the use of trade names does
not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA.
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PI CLAYTON
PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC
3168, AUSTRALIA
SN 1323-1650
EI 1448-6059
J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES
JI Mar. Freshw. Res.
PY 2011
VL 62
IS 12
BP 1395
EP 1406
DI 10.1071/MF11062
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 854TO
UT WOS:000297517600005
ER
PT J
AU Stark, JW
AF Stark, James W.
TI Contrasting the maturation, growth, spatial distribution and
vulnerability to environmental warming of Hippoglossoides robustus
(Bering flounder) with H. elassodon (flathead sole) in the eastern
Bering Sea
SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Co-occurrence; distribution; growth; maturity; spawning
ID ALASKA
AB Two similar appearing congeners, Hippoglossoides robustus (Bering flounder) and H. elassodon (flathead sole), inhabit the Bering Sea and are harvested together during the commercial fishery. In order to establish more precise overfishing limits, the annual spawning biomass must be estimated. Spawning biomass is modelled using the best estimate of the age and length at which 50% of the stock is expected to reach maturity (A(50), L-50). The major objective of this study was to establish the first maturity estimates for Bering flounder. Females matured at a similar age for Bering flounder (A(50), 9 years) and flathead sole (A(50), 10 years). However, the body length at which females matured was significantly smaller for Bering flounder (L-50, 238 mm) compared to flathead sole (L-50, 320 mm). The difference in the length-at-maturity was probably caused by growth differences, which significantly differed between species. The distribution and spawning locations of both species in the eastern Bering Sea survey area was related to the prevailing seawater temperatures and Bering flounder occurred in significantly colder water than flathead sole. The association between cold and the distribution of Bering flounder suggests that this species may be particularly vulnerable to periods of extended sea warming.
C1 NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Stark, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Jim.Stark@noaa.gov
RI Stark, James/E-1868-2012
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U2 9
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS
PI OSLO
PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY
SN 1745-1000
J9 MAR BIOL RES
JI Mar. Biol. Res.
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 8
BP 778
EP 785
DI 10.1080/17451000.2011.569554
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 875ME
UT WOS:000299033700005
ER
PT J
AU Hart, DR
Shank, BV
AF Hart, Deborah R.
Shank, Burton V.
TI Mortality of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in the Mid-Atlantic
Bight: Comment on Stokesbury et al. (2011)
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Scallop; Cancer spp.; Predation; Fishery discards; Density dependence;
Placopecten magellanicus
ID CANCER-IRRORATUS; PREDATION; DENSITY; CRAB; STARS; RECRUITMENT;
POPULATION; DYNAMICS; BOTTOM; GMELIN
AB Stokesbury et al. (2011; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 425: 167-173) concluded that 10 billion sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus probably died from discarding during fishing operations between surveys in 2003 and 2004, based on the observed reduction in scallops between these 2 surveys. The reported mortality primarily occurred in a very large 2001 year class that was below commercial size in 2003-2004, whereas mortality rates were lower for larger commercial-sized scallops. This pattern is not consistent with mortality from discarding, because commercial scallop dredge gear is designed to retain commercial-sized scallops, allowing a substantial proportion of undersized scallops to escape through the dredge rings. Data from at-sea observers in the Mid-Atlantic indicate that only 319 million scallops were discarded during this period. Non-capture (incidental) fishing mortality was also too low to account for the observed mortality. However, juvenile scallop mortality due to predation increases with their density, primarily induced by crabs Cancer spp. The observed high mortality of juvenile scallops was therefore probably a result of increased predation, rather than discarding.
C1 [Hart, Deborah R.; Shank, Burton V.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Hart, DR (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM deborah.hart@noaa.gov
NR 24
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Z9 3
U1 1
U2 5
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 443
BP 293
EP 297
DI 10.3354/meps09517
PG 5
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 865HS
UT WOS:000298302500021
ER
PT J
AU Trenkel, VM
Ressler, PH
Jech, M
Giannoulaki, M
Taylor, C
AF Trenkel, Verena M.
Ressler, Patrick H.
Jech, Mike
Giannoulaki, Marianna
Taylor, Chris
TI Underwater acoustics for ecosystem-based management: state of the
science and proposals for ecosystem indicators
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE Active acoustics; Indicators; Ecosystem-based management
ID ABUNDANCE-OCCUPANCY RELATIONSHIPS; CONVENTIONAL RESEARCH VESSEL;
ANCHOVIES ANCHOA SPP.; EASTERN BERING-SEA; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; SPATIAL
DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIFREQUENCY METHOD; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SWIMMING
BEHAVIOR; ALWAYS ENCOUNTER
AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) requires more extensive information than single-species management. Active underwater acoustic methods provide a means of collecting a wealth of ecosystem information with high space-time resolution. Worldwide fisheries institutes and agencies are carrying out regular acoustic surveys covering many marine shelf ecosystems, but these data are underutilized. In addition, more and more acoustic data collected by vessels of opportunity are becoming available. To encourage their use for EBM, we provide a brief introduction to acoustic and complementary data collection methods in the water column, and review current and potential contributions to monitoring population abundance and biomass, spatial distributions, and predator-prey relationships. Further development of acoustics-derived indicators is needed. We review and propose indicators for assessing and monitoring zooplankton, population dynamics of fish and other nekton, and changes in diversity and food-web functioning. Acoustic methods have the potential to make a strong contribution to EBM. Evaluation of new indicators and suitable reference points in different ecosystems are the current challenges.
C1 [Trenkel, Verena M.] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 3, France.
[Ressler, Patrick H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Jech, Mike] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Giannoulaki, Marianna] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Iraklion, Greece.
[Taylor, Chris] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28557 USA.
RP Trenkel, VM (reprint author), IFREMER, Rue Iile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 3, France.
EM verena.trenkel@ifremer.fr
RI Giannoulaki, Marianna/B-6359-2012;
OI Trenkel, Verena/0000-0001-7869-002X
NR 169
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Z9 24
U1 2
U2 40
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 442
BP 285
EP 301
DI 10.3354/meps09425
PG 17
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 865HG
UT WOS:000298301200022
ER
PT J
AU Koslow, JA
Goericke, R
Lara-Lopez, A
Watson, W
AF Koslow, J. Anthony
Goericke, Ralf
Lara-Lopez, Ana
Watson, William
TI Impact of declining intermediate-water oxygen on deepwater fishes in the
California Current
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Oxygen; Mesopelagic fishes; Oxygen-minimum zone; Climate change;
California Current
ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; MARINE MAMMALS; PELAGIC FISHES;
TIME-SERIES; FOOD-HABITS; OCEAN; REGION; VARIABILITY; HYPOXIA
AB Although declining oxygen concentration has been reported for the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the tropical oceans and the North Pacific Ocean, consistent with model predictions of the effects of global warming, its ecological impacts are poorly understood. We report the apparent impact of declining oxygen on midwater fishes within the OMZ of the southern California Current (CC). Principal component analysis of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ichthyoplankton time series from 1951 to 2008 indicates that the dominant temporal pattern (principal component 1 [PC1]) represents the marked decline of the region's mesopelagic fishes during periods of reduced oxygen. Of the 27 taxa with loadings > 0.5 on PC1, 24 were mesopelagic. PC1 was strongly correlated with intermediate-water oxygen concentrations (r = 0.75, p < 0.05), which were about 20% lower in the past decade and the 1950s than in the period from 1970 to 1995. The abundance of mesopelagic fishes represented by PC1 was reduced, on average, by 63% between periods of high and low oxygen concentrations. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism is the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary layer during periods of reduced oxygen, which renders the mesopelagic fauna more vulnerable to visually orienting predators. The mesopelagic fish fauna provides a vital trophodynamic link between the marine plankton and many higher predators. The decline of deepwater fish populations has profound implications for commercial fisheries, marine food webs and marine conservation: climate models predict a 20 to 40% decline in global deepwater oxygen concentrations over the coming century.
C1 [Koslow, J. Anthony; Goericke, Ralf; Lara-Lopez, Ana] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Watson, William] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Koslow, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM jkoslow@ucsd.edu
FU NOAA JIMO; California Conservancy Ocean Protection Council
FX We thank M. Kortz, G. Sussner and C. Allen for help with data
management, analyses and a figure. The project was supported by a NOAA
JIMO grant to CalCOFI and a California Conservancy Ocean Protection
Council grant to J.A.K.. Three anonymous reviewers contributed
significantly to the present paper.
NR 65
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U2 59
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 436
BP 207
EP 218
DI 10.3354/meps09270
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 816RM
UT WOS:000294619800015
ER
PT J
AU Rhodes, LD
Rice, CA
Greene, CM
Teel, DJ
Nance, SL
Moran, P
Durkin, CA
Gezhegne, SB
AF Rhodes, Linda D.
Rice, Casimir A.
Greene, Correigh M.
Teel, David J.
Nance, Shelly L.
Moran, Paul
Durkin, Colleen A.
Gezhegne, Surafel B.
TI Nearshore ecosystem predictors of a bacterial infection in juvenile
Chinook salmon
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Chinook salmon; Bacterial infection; Risk factor; Horizontal
transmission
ID KIDNEY-DISEASE BKD; POST-SMOLT PERIOD; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; VERTICAL
TRANSMISSION; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PUGET-SOUND;
FRESH-WATER
AB Disease epidemiology requires information about ecological and environmental conditions to identify factors that can influence disease progression. Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is an endemic disease among Pacific Northwest salmonids that causes significant morbidity and mortality in artificially propagated stocks, but risk factors for infection among free-living salmon are unknown. We evaluated infection by the causative agent of BKD, Renibacterium salmoninarum, in 1752 fish across 52 sampling sites monthly from May to November 2003 as a component of a broader study of neritic habitat use in Puget Sound by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Infection intensity was <= 10 cells per slide for 77% of the fish. Correlations between the density of Chinook salmon with infection prevalence and with infection intensity were observed across multiple spatial scales. Capture location was a stronger predictor of infection than fish origin (based on coded wire tags) or genetic stock. Influential risk factors by logistic regression were temperature, densities of marked and unmarked Chinook salmon, and density of river lamprey Lampetra ayresis. Renibacterium salmoninarum were found in gut contents and kidney of river lamprey, suggesting this species may be a transmission vector. The low infection intensity, lack of an effect of fish origin, effect of capture bay, and strong associations with Chinook salmon density are consistent with horizontal transmission of R. salmoninarum during the juvenile neritic phase, posing a potential for infectious interaction between sympatric hatchery and wild fish.
C1 [Rhodes, Linda D.; Rice, Casimir A.; Greene, Correigh M.; Nance, Shelly L.; Moran, Paul; Durkin, Colleen A.; Gezhegne, Surafel B.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA.
RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov
OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426
FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Seattle City Light; US Army Corps of
Engineers
FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division (Northwest Fisheries
Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle) for research vessel and field
staff support. F. Sommers was instrumental in ensuring appropriate
sample collection. D. Kuligowski collected the genetic data used in the
study. E. Smith analyzed the river lamprey samples. Funding support was
from Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Internal Grants Program,
Seattle City Light, and the US Army Corps of Engineers.
NR 63
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 14
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 432
BP 161
EP 172
DI 10.3354/meps09160
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 784NE
UT WOS:000292163200014
ER
PT J
AU Munoz, RC
Currin, CA
Whitfield, PE
AF Munoz, Roldan C.
Currin, Carolyn A.
Whitfield, Paula E.
TI Diet of invasive lionfish on hard bottom reefs of the Southeast USA:
insights from stomach contents and stable isotopes
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine invasion; Rocky reef; Scorpaenidae; Warm temperate; Continental
shelf; Piscivory; Diet; Prey
ID INDO-PACIFIC LIONFISH; PTEROIS-VOLITANS/MILES COMPLEX; BAHAMIAN
CORAL-REEFS; UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-CAROLINA; FOOD-WEB;
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES INVASIONS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR
AB The Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles complex) has become widely established along the United States Southeast coast and continues to colonize the Caribbean, yet its biology and ecology is only beginning to be understood. We used stomach contents and stable isotope analyses to determine the diet of lionfish in the warm-temperate hard bottom reef community in the Southeast US Atlantic Ocean. During June to August 2004 and 2006, we collected lionfish with SCUBA from 18 different locations in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, at depths of 30 to 45 m. In 2006, we also conducted visual surveys of small benthic fishes to estimate the abundances of potential prey. Analyses of stomach contents (n = 183) and stable isotopes (n = 115) suggest a generalist carnivorous diet, and prey categories were predominately fish (similar to 99% of total volume) from 16 families. Major differences in the importance of prey occurred between years. Serranidae and Scaridae dominated the diet in 2004, while Haemulidae and Carangidae were important in 2006. Analyses of visual prey surveys did not reveal specialization on particular prey taxa but instead suggest that prey are consumed in relation to their local abundance. Given current theory pertaining to invasive species impacts, the expanding lionfish distribution, and observations that lionfish appear capable of settling to many different habitat types, the overall pattern of generalist piscivory emerging from these data indicates the potential for significant impacts to the invaded community.
C1 [Munoz, Roldan C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Currin, Carolyn A.; Whitfield, Paula E.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Munoz, RC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM roldan.munoz@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's Undersea Research Center in Wilmington, North Carolina; NOAA;
NOAA Beaufort Laboratory-Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat
Research
FX This work was funded by NOAA's Undersea Research Center in Wilmington,
North Carolina, the NOAA Aquatic Invasive Species Program, and the NOAA
Beaufort Laboratory-Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research.
D. Kesling, J. Styron, and G. Taylor, provided technical dive training,
oversaw dive operations, and collected specimens. C. Addison, C. Coy, B.
Degan, J. Hoyt, W. Freshwater, T. Potts, and C. Shemanski assisted with
collections and dive operations. M. Lacroix and P. Maddi assisted in
sample processing. D. Ahrenholz, T. Kellison, C. Taylor, and 4 anonymous
reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript.
NR 102
TC 38
Z9 40
U1 8
U2 75
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 432
BP 181
EP U494
DI 10.3354/meps09154
PG 20
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 784NE
UT WOS:000292163200016
ER
PT J
AU Rosales-Nanduca, H
Gerrodette, T
Urban-R, J
Cardenas-Hinojosa, G
Medrano-Gonzalez, L
AF Rosales-Nanduca, Hiram
Gerrodette, Tim
Urban-R, Jorge
Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo
Medrano-Gonzalez, Luis
TI Macroecology of marine mammal species in the Mexican Pacific Ocean:
diversity and distribution
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Marine macroecology; Marine mammal; Mexican Pacific; Geographic
distribution; Species diversity; Species risk; Species commonness
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BIODIVERSITY
HOTSPOTS; DOLPHIN HABITATS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; DELPHINUS;
CETACEANS; WHALES; WORLD
AB The Mexican Pacific Ocean, defined as east of 122 degrees W and from 12 to 34 degrees N, encompasses an oceanographic transition zone with dynamic population and community processes. In order to gain insight into possible marine mammal ecological responses to the current rapid environmental changes, we compiled and analyzed data from 11 145 marine mammal sightings made between 1981 and 2008 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, and the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. In 2 x 2 degrees cells, we computed alpha and beta diversities in terms of species richness, commonness as the occurrence of species among years, tropicality as the proportion of tropical species, and degree of threat according to the IUCN Red List. Current marine mammal distributions seem to derive from a postglacial northwards expansion of tropical pelagic species and a retention of upwelling-rich tropical and subtropical habitats nearshore by antitropical species. Analysis of commonness indicates that species distributions and thus biogeographic boundaries are dynamic, since marine mammals transit large distances, especially around southern Baja California. Analysis of beta diversity showed a considerable degree of spatial heterogeneity, but without well-defined regions. The species at risk are concentrated in the northern Gulf of California, but also occur off Pacific Baja California, Jalisco, and Guerrero coasts. The Gulf of California could be considered a refuge of global value for these animals.
C1 [Rosales-Nanduca, Hiram; Medrano-Gonzalez, Luis] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Gerrodette, Tim] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Urban-R, Jorge; Cardenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Biol Marina, La Paz 23080, Bcs, Mexico.
RP Medrano-Gonzalez, L (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
EM medranol@ciencias.unam.mx
FU Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas UNAM; H. Armada de Mexico; Instituto
Nacional de Ecologia; Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos
Naturales; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [38605-V]; OBIS
Seamap
FX We are greatly indebted to all those in NOAA, UABCS, and UNAM who have,
at sea or in laboratories, contributed to building the analyzed dataset.
We acknowledge in particular the work of A. Aguayo, V. A. Arellano, H.
Arita, L. F. Bourillon, M. A. Fernandez, L. T. Findley, A. Gomez, E.
Martinez, E. M. Peters, L. Rojas, M. A. Salinas, S. E. Smith, M. J.
Vazquez, O. Vidal, many students at UNAM and UABCS, the scientific and
operative crews of RV 'El Puma,' as well as the support by Posgrado en
Ciencias Biologicas UNAM, H. Armada de Mexico, Instituto Nacional de
Ecologia, Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Consejo
Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (by funding project 38605-V and the
scholarship to H.R.N.), and the OBIS Seamap. For the NOAA information,
we thank the numerous observers who collected data, the officers and
crews of the NOAA vessels, and many people at the Southwest Fisheries
Science Center. NOAA data were collected under research permits issued
by the Mexican government, and we thank L. Rojas for allowing access to
them. We finally thank L. Ballance and 2 anonymous reviewers for their
detailed and helpful comments.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 20
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 431
BP 281
EP 291
DI 10.3354/meps09120
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 781SF
UT WOS:000291953100023
ER
PT J
AU Bostrom, C
Pittman, SJ
Simenstad, C
Kneib, RT
AF Bostrom, Christoffer
Pittman, Simon J.
Simenstad, Charles
Kneib, Ronald T.
TI Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and
challenges
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Landscape ecology; Seascape; Fragmentation; Scale; Edge effects; Patch
size; Thresholds; Connectivity
ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; REEF FISH COMMUNITIES; INFAUNAL
MACROINVERTEBRATE ASSEMBLAGES; SEAGRASS LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; CRITICAL
TRANSITION ZONES; INTERTIDAL SALT-MARSHES; JERSEY ENGLISH-CHANNEL;
BLUE-CRAB SURVIVAL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PATCH SIZE
AB We review the progress made in the emerging field of coastal seascape ecology, i.e. the application of landscape ecology concepts and techniques to the coastal marine environment. Since the early 1990s, the landscape ecology approach has been applied in several coastal subtidal and intertidal biogenic habitats across a range of spatial scales. Emerging evidence indicates that animals in these seascapes respond to the structure of patches and patch mosaics in different ways and at different spatial scales, yet we still know very little about the ecological significance of these relationships and the consequences of change in seascape patterning for ecosystem functioning and overall biodiversity. Ecological interactions that occur within patches and among different types of patches (or seascapes) are likely to be critically important in maintaining primary and secondary production, trophic transfer, biodiversity, coastal protection, and supporting a wealth of ecosystem goods and services. We review faunal responses to patch and seascape structure, including effects of fragmentation on 5 focal habitats: seagrass meadows, salt marshes, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and oyster reefs. Extrapolating and generalizing spatial relationships between ecological patterns and processes across scales remains a significant challenge, and we show that there are major gaps in our understanding of these relationships. Filling these gaps will be crucial for managing and responding to an inevitably changing coastal environment. We show that critical ecological thresholds exist in the structural patterning of biogenic ecosystems that, when exceeded, cause abrupt shifts in the distribution and abundance of organisms. A better understanding of faunal-seascape relationships, including the identifications of threshold effects, is urgently needed to support the development of more effective and holistic management actions in restoration, site prioritization, and forecasting the impacts of environmental change.
C1 [Bostrom, Christoffer] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci Environm & Marine Biol, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
[Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
[Simenstad, Charles] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Kneib, Ronald T.] Univ Georgia, Inst Marine, Sapelo Isl, GA 31327 USA.
[Kneib, Ronald T.] RTK Consulting Serv, Hillsboro, NM 88042 USA.
RP Bostrom, C (reprint author), Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci Environm & Marine Biol, Artillerigatan 6, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
EM cbostrom@abo.fi
FU Abo Akademi University Endowment; National Science Foundation; NOAA
Biogeography Branch
FX The Research Institute of the Abo Akademi University Endowment is
acknowledged for providing financial support to C. B. to attend the
seascape ecology session at the Coastal and Estuarine Research
Federation annual conference in November 2009 in Portland, OR, USA.
S.J.P. acknowledges the support of the NOAA Biogeography Branch and NOAA
Coral Reef Conservation Program; R. T. K. acknowledges the University of
Georgia President's Venture Fund for providing travel support, and C. S.
acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation.
NR 224
TC 97
Z9 97
U1 16
U2 185
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 427
BP 191
EP 217
DI 10.3354/meps09051
PG 27
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 749SM
UT WOS:000289489800016
ER
PT J
AU Kendall, MS
Miller, TJ
Pittman, SJ
AF Kendall, Matthew S.
Miller, Thomas J.
Pittman, Simon J.
TI Patterns of scale-dependency and the influence of map resolution on the
seascape ecology of reef fish
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Landscape ecology; Scale; Coral reef; Home range; Habitat
ID MAMMAL SPECIES RICHNESS; MINIMUM MAPPING UNIT; CORAL-REEFS;
HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; HABITAT DIVERSITY; SEAGRASS
BEDS; ACANTHURUS-COERULEUS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; MIGRATION PATTERNS
AB Detection and perception of ecological relationships between biota and their surrounding habitats is sensitive to analysis scale and resolution of habitat data. We measured strength of univariate linear correlations between reef fish and seascape variables at multiple spatial scales (25 to 800 m). Correlation strength was used to identify the scale that best associates fish to their surrounding habitat. To evaluate the influence of map resolution, seascape variables were calculated based on 4 separate benthic maps produced using 2 levels of spatial and thematic resolution, respectively. Individual seascape variables explained only 25% of the variability in fish distributions. Length of reef edge was correlated with more aspects of the fish assemblage than other features. Area of seagrass and bare sand correlated with distribution of many fish, not just obligate users. No fish variables correlated with habitat diversity. Individual fish species achieved a wider range of correlations than mobility guilds or the entire fish assemblage. Scales of peak correlation were the same for juveniles and adults in a majority of comparisons. Highly mobile species exhibited broader scales of peak correlation than either resident or moderately mobile fish. Use of different input maps changed perception of the strength and even the scale of peak correlations for many comparisons involving hard bottom edge length and area of sand, whereas results were consistent regardless of map type for comparisons involving area of seagrass and habitat diversity.
C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Pittman, Simon J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine Sci, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA.
RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Biogeog Branch, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov
RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614
NR 78
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 16
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 427
BP 259
EP 274
DI 10.3354/meps08945
PG 16
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 749SM
UT WOS:000289489800020
ER
PT J
AU Reum, JCP
Essington, TE
Greene, CM
Rice, CA
Fresh, KL
AF Reum, Jonathan C. P.
Essington, Timothy E.
Greene, Correigh M.
Rice, Casimir A.
Fresh, Kurt L.
TI Multiscale influence of climate on estuarine populations of forage fish:
the role of coastal upwelling, freshwater flow and temperature
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Puget Sound; Pacific herring; Surf smelt; Deviance partitioning;
Upwelling; Fish recruitment
ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLUPEA-PALLASI; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PUGET-SOUND;
HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; BERING-SEA; EARLY-LIFE;
RECRUITMENT; MARINE
AB We examined how local-and regional-scale environmental drivers affect patterns of abundance and recruitment in 2 abundant and ecologically significant forage fishes (Pacific herring Clupea pallasi and surf smelt Hypomesus pretiosus) in the Skagit River estuary (Puget Sound, Washington, USA). We identified associations between survey catch rates and environmental conditions at 2 scales: within-season distributional shifts in response to local environmental conditions, and inter-annual patterns of relative year class strength related to both local-and regional-scale drivers. Using monthly data that spanned a 9 yr period, we found that a small proportion (< 2%) of the total deviance in catch rates for both species was related to within-estuary variation in surface water temperature and salinity but that a larger fraction (7 and 12% for Pacific herring and surf smelt, respectively) was explained by interannual variation in recruitment strength. Annual abundance indices for both species were uncorrelated with cumulative river discharge and regional sea surface temperature but positively correlated with an index of cumulative coastal upwelling, suggesting a linkage between regional-scale environmental conditions and age-0 recruitment. Moreover, our annual age-0 Pacific herring time series was positively correlated with a similar time series from the Strait of Georgia (similar to 100 km north), further suggesting that age-0 recruitment in these populations is synchronized by regional upwelling as opposed to estuary-specific environmental forcing related to river flows. The present study isolates a potential key process governing age-0 forage fish abundance in this system and highlights the importance of simultaneously evaluating patterns of variability across multiple spatiotemporal scales in order to identify the primary pathways through which climate may impact estuarine populations.
C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Greene, Correigh M.; Rice, Casimir A.; Fresh, Kurt L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM reumj@u.washington.edu
FU NOAA Fisheries and the Washington State Department of Ecology;
University of Washington Climate Impacts Group
FX Fish collection was funded by NOAA Fisheries and the Washington State
Department of Ecology's Intensively Monitored Watersheds Program. Data
were conducted by the NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center
with additional planning, logistical and staff support provided by the
USGS Western Fisheries Research Center and the Skagit River System
Cooperative. We are particularly grateful for the field contributions of
J. Chamberlin, N. Elder, A. Hall, J. Hall, A. Kagley, J. King, D. Lomax,
W. Mowitt, P. Plesha, P. Polte, and D. Rudy. N. Mantua, J. Schweigert
and 2 anonymous reviewers provided comments that improved earlier
versions of this manuscript. J. C. P. R. was supported by funding from
the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group.
NR 76
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 36
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 425
BP 203
EP 215
DI 10.3354/meps08997
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 735GG
UT WOS:000288400800016
ER
PT J
AU Noren, SR
Edwards, EF
AF Noren, S. R.
Edwards, E. F.
TI Infant position in mother-calf dolphin pairs: formation locomotion with
hydrodynamic benefits
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Cetaceans; Formation; Kinematics; Locomotion; Odontocetes; Swimming
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ODONTOCETE CETACEANS;
FORMATION FLIGHT; SPATIAL RELATIONS; SWIMMING SPEEDS; ENERGY SAVINGS;
TAIL BEAT; FISH; BIRDS
AB Cetacean mother-calf dyads demonstrate formation locomotion that may provide hydrodynamic and/or social benefits. For example, echelon position (calf in close proximity of its mother's mid-lateral flank) enables calves to increase swim performance at reduced locomotor effort compared to periods of solitary swimming. Yet cetacean mother-calf dyads are also observed in infant position (calf in close proximity underneath its mother's tailstock), thus we wondered if infant positioning also provides hydrodynamic benefits to calves. Social and hydrodynamic benefits of infant position have both been hypothesized previously, but the logistical difficulties of conducting experiments on free-swimming mother-calf dolphin dyads have precluded empirical quantifications of kinematics until now. We demonstrated that 0 to 98 d old calves of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus are afforded locomotor advantages while swimming in infant position with their mothers. Calves in infant position had reduced locomotor effort via a 24% reduction in fluke stroke amplitude compared to periods of solitary swimming. Yet stroke frequency (the other component of locomotor effort) and swim performance (swim speed) were not different between infant position and solitary swimming. Although swimming in infant position provided some hydrodynamic benefits to calves, these benefits paled in comparison to those afforded to calves maintaining echelon position. Given that echelon position provides the best hydrodynamic benefits, we speculate that older, stronger swimming calves are predominately in infant position because by relinquishing some hydrodynamic benefits of echelon position they gain important social benefits of infant position, particularly camouflage from predators, which undoubtedly plays a vital role in calf survival.
C1 [Noren, S. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Edwards, E. F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu
FU Protected Resources Division at SWFSC
FX We thank the lab group of T. Williams of the University of California
Santa Cruz (UCSC), and J. Redfern and N. Kellar of Southwest Fisheries
Science Center (SWFSC) for insightful comments on earlier drafts of this
manuscript. We are particularly thankful to Dolphin Quest, especially J.
Sweeney and R. Stone, for providing animals and partial funding for this
study. This project would not have been possible without additional
financial support from the Protected Resources Division at SWFSC. We
also thank the staff at Dolphin Quest Hawaii (particularly C. Buczyna)
for their assistance during data collection, T. Williams of UCSC for the
use of her Peak Motus system, J. Redfern of SWFSC for assistance with
data management, and E. Ryan for data entry.
NR 56
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 18
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 424
BP 229
EP 236
DI 10.3354/meps08986
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 729QT
UT WOS:000287966400019
ER
PT J
AU Arnould, JPY
Cherel, Y
Gibbens, J
White, JG
Littnan, CL
AF Arnould, J. P. Y.
Cherel, Y.
Gibbens, J.
White, J. G.
Littnan, C. L.
TI Stable isotopes reveal inter-annual and inter-individual variation in
the diet of female Australian fur seals
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Australian fur seal; Otariid; Stable isotopes; Diet; Bass Strait;
Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus
ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS; LION NEOPHOCA-CINEREA; FORAGING
STRATEGIES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; TROPHIC LEVEL;
ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; ANTARCTIC KRILL; PUP
PRODUCTION
AB Understanding the temporal and spatial variation of foraging habits of apex predators is central to understanding their role in marine ecosystems and how their populations may respond to environmental variability. In the present study, stable isotope analysis (C and N) of blood was used to investigate inter-individual and inter-annual differences in the diet of adult female Australian fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. Positive correlations were observed between red cell and plasma values for delta C-13 and delta N-15 (r(2) = 0.47 and r(2) = 0.66, respectively, p < 0.001 in both cases), suggesting relatively consistent individual prey choices over 3 or 4 foraging trips. Mean delta N-15 values (12.8 to 17.5%) confirm the species occupies the highest marine trophic niche in the region. A significant decrease in plasma delta N-15 values, corresponding to two-thirds of a trophic level (ca. 2%), was observed between the 1998 to 2000 and 2003 to 2005 sampling periods. This was associated with a significant decrease in adult female body condition and is consistent with a decline, previously documented by faecal analysis, of the proportion of red cod Pseudophysis bachus, barracouta Thyrsites atun and Gould's squid Nototodarus gouldi in the diet and an increase in redbait Emmelichthys nitidus. While substantial variation in delta N-15 was observed within each age cohort, a significant decrease was observed with age, suggesting individual specialisation for particular prey types is evident early in adulthood, but that its composition changes as females age. In addition, generalized linear models indicated body mass had a negative influence on delta N-15, which may reflect larger total body oxygen stores, facilitating individuals hunting cryptic prey of lower trophic level (e.g. octopus) on the sea floor.
C1 [Arnould, J. P. Y.; White, J. G.] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia.
[Cherel, Y.] Ctr Etud Biol Chize, CNRS, UPR 1934, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France.
[Gibbens, J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Littnan, C. L.] NOAA Fisheries, PIFSC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Arnould, JPY (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia.
EM jarnould@deakin.edu.au
RI White, John/A-4285-2008; Arnould, John/E-8386-2011
OI Arnould, John/0000-0003-1124-9330
NR 76
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 34
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
EI 1616-1599
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 422
BP 291
EP 302
DI 10.3354/meps08933
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 715ZD
UT WOS:000286933500026
ER
PT J
AU Barrett-Lennard, LG
Matkin, CO
Durban, JW
Saulitis, EL
Ellifrit, D
AF Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.
Matkin, Craig O.
Durban, John W.
Saulitis, Eva L.
Ellifrit, David
TI Predation on gray whales and prolonged feeding on submerged carcasses by
transient killer whales at Unimak Island, Alaska
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Foraging strategy; Predatory behavior; Prey catching; Scavenger; Killer
whale; Gray whale; Brown bear; Sleeper shark
ID PACIFIC SLEEPER SHARK; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; ORCINUS-ORCA; NORTH
PACIFIC; BALEEN WHALES; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
HUMPBACK WHALES; SEA OTTERS; BEHAVIOR
AB As apex predators, killer whales Orcinus orca are expected to strongly influence the structure of marine communities by impacting the abundance, distribution, behavior, and evolution of their prey. Empirical assessments of these impacts are difficult, however, because killer whales are sparsely distributed, highly mobile, and difficult to observe. We present a 4 yr time series of observations of foraging and feeding behavior of >150 transient killer whales that aggregate annually during the northbound migration of gray whales past Unimak Island, Alaska. Most predatory attacks were on gray whale Eschrichtius robustus calves or yearlings and were quickly abandoned if calves were aggressively defended by their mothers. Attacks were conducted by groups of 3 to 4 killer whales, which attempted to drown their prey. Gray whales generally tried to move into shallow water along the shoreline when attacked; if they succeeded in reaching depths of 3 m or less, attacks were abandoned. Kills occurred in waters from 15 to 75 m deep or were moved into such areas after death. After some hours of feeding, the carcasses were usually left, but were re-visited and fed on by killer whales over several days. Carcasses or pieces of prey that floated onshore were actively consumed by brown bears Ursus arctos, and carcasses on the bottom were fed on by sleeper sharks Somniosus pacificus, apparently increasing the local density of both species.
C1 [Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Vancouver Aquarium, Cetacean Res Program, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada.
[Barrett-Lennard, Lance G.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6B 1Z4, Canada.
[Matkin, Craig O.; Saulitis, Eva L.] N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA.
[Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Durban, John W.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Ellifrit, David] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA.
RP Barrett-Lennard, LG (reprint author), Vancouver Aquarium, Cetacean Res Program, POB 3232, Vancouver, BC V6B 3X8, Canada.
EM lance.barrett-lennard@vanaqua.org
FU Alaska SeaLife Center; Northwest Universities Marine Mammal Research
Consortium; North Gulf Oceanic Society; Vancouver Aquarium Killer Whale
Adoption Program
FX Many people contributed to this project in important ways. We thank in
particular our skippers M. Britain, M. Ensley, and B. Laukitis;
colleagues, friends, and crew members who assisted with Unimak Island
field trips, including R. Andrews, H. Fearnbach, C. Guinet, P. Jonsson,
S. Goulette, L. Herrick, L. Mazzuca, S. Moore, D. Power, B. Small, and
S. Puddicombe; and colleagues assisting with advice, analysis, and
reviews, including A. Trites, K. Noyes, and D. Sandilands. We also
acknowledge logistic support from the Isanotski Corporation and funding
from the Alaska SeaLife Center, the Northwest Universities Marine Mammal
Research Consortium, the North Gulf Oceanic Society, and the Vancouver
Aquarium Killer Whale Adoption Program. We are grateful to A.
Miscampbell for help with genetic analyses and to C. Ritland for
providing access to the University of British Columbia's Genetic Data
Centre. Finally, we thank J. K. B. Ford and 3 anonymous referees for
thoughtful and helpful reviews that greatly improved the paper. The
field research reported here was authorized under US National Marine
Fisheries Service permits No. 545-1488-01 and 545-1761-00.
NR 58
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U1 6
U2 61
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PY 2011
VL 421
BP 229
EP 241
DI 10.3354/meps08906
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA 708UW
UT WOS:000286390800020
ER
PT J
AU Rowles, TK
Schwacke, LS
Wells, RS
Saliki, JT
Hansen, L
Hohn, A
Townsend, F
Sayre, RA
Hall, AJ
AF Rowles, T. K.
Schwacke, L. S.
Wells, R. S.
Saliki, J. T.
Hansen, L.
Hohn, A.
Townsend, F.
Sayre, R. A.
Hall, A. J.
TI Evidence of susceptibility to morbillivirus infection in cetaceans from
the United States
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE infectious disease; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; serology;
Atlantic Ocean
ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PHOCINE DISTEMPER VIRUS; SEALS
HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; HARBOR SEALS;
NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; WESTERN ATLANTIC; AQUATIC MAMMALS; MARINE
MAMMALS
AB P>Cetacean morbilliviruses (CeMV) are viruses that can cause mass mortalities among various odontocete species. In this study levels of "herd" immunity in cetaceans from the U.S. coast are described from the distribution and prevalence of antibodies against morbilliviruses. Neutralizing antibody titers against dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), porpoise morbillivirus (PMV), phocine distemper (PDV), and canine distemper viruses (CDV) were measured. Positive samples had higher titers against the CeMV than against the other morbilliviruses tested, indicating that although PDV or CDV can be used to investigate exposure their use may result in a higher false negative rate. The results suggest that morbillivirus did not persist in coastal populations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) after the major outbreaks that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Bottlenose dolphins from Beaufort, North Carolina; St. Joseph Bay, Florida; and Cape May, New Jersey had anti-DMV seroprevalences ranging from between 15% and 33% but those from Charleston, South Carolina and Sarasota Bay, Florida, sampled in recent years were largely negative. These latter groups are therefore now vulnerable to infection and could experience high mortality if exposed to CeMV. Sero-surveys of this kind are therefore vital for assessing the risk of new and recurring viral outbreaks in coastal cetaceans.
C1 [Hall, A. J.] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
[Rowles, T. K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Schwacke, L. S.; Sayre, R. A.] NOAAs Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Wells, R. S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Saliki, J. T.] Univ Georgia, Athens Vet Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Hansen, L.; Hohn, A.] NOAA Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Townsend, F.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA.
[Sayre, R. A.] NOAAs Ocean Serv, Ctr Human Hlth Risks, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Hall, AJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
EM ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk
RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011; Hall, Ailsa/E-1596-2011
OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062;
FU NMFS; Dolphin Quest; Chicago Zoological Society
FX We thank the many researchers who participated in the live
capture-release efforts in Beaufort, NC; Charleston, SC; Sarasota, FL;
and St. Joseph Bay, FL. Sampling in Beaufort, NC and Charleston, SC was
conducted by NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center under NMFS
Scientific Research Permit Nos. 960 and 779-1681-00. Sampling in St.
Joseph Bay, Florida was conducted under NMFS Marine Mammal Health and
Stranding Response Program Permit No. Permit No. 932-1489. Field
sampling in Sarasota, Florida, was conducted under NMFS Scientific
Research Permit Nos. 522-1569 and 522-1785, approved by the Mote Marine
Laboratory Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and supported by
NMFS, Dolphin Quest, and the Chicago Zoological Society. We also extend
our thanks to the dedicated volunteers of the U. S. Southeast and
Northeast Marine Mammal Stranding Networks.
NR 52
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 33
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 1
EP 19
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00393.x
PG 19
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 700QU
UT WOS:000285760200001
ER
PT J
AU Noren, DP
AF Noren, Dawn P.
TI Estimated field metabolic rates and prey requirements of resident killer
whales
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE energetics; Orcinus orca; killer whale; marine mammal; metabolism; prey
consumption
ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; STELLER SEA LIONS; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN;
ORCINUS-ORCA; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION;
MARINE MAMMALS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; DIVING METABOLISM
AB P>Killer whales are large animals that often feed in groups and thus have the potential to deplete prey populations. Determining predator energy requirements is essential to assessing whether prey availability is sufficient. This is important because one risk factor facing the endangered Southern Resident killer whale distinct population segment is limited prey availability. Body mass, field metabolic rate (FMR), and daily prey energy requirements (DPERs) were estimated for each individual in the population. FMRs were calculated from body mass, assuming they range from five to six times Kleiber-predicted basal metabolic rates. FMRs of adults were also calculated from resident killer whale activity budgets and the metabolic cost of swimming at speeds associated with daily activities. These two methods yielded similar results. Total FMRs varied by age and sex, which is partly due to the long developmental period and sexual dimorphism in killer whales. FMRs for males (465-4,434 kg) ranged from 35,048 to 228,216 kcal/d while FMRs for females (465-3,338 kg) ranged from 35,048 to 184,444 kcal/d. DPERs were calculated from FMRs assuming a standard digestive efficiency. Corresponding DPERs ranged from 41,376 to 269,458 kcal/d and 41,376 to 217,775 kcal/d, respectively.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Ecol Team, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Noren, DP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Ecol Team, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM dawn.noren@noaa.gov
NR 59
TC 26
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U1 5
U2 39
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 60
EP 77
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00386.x
PG 18
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 700QU
UT WOS:000285760200004
ER
PT J
AU Baker, JD
Harting, AL
Wurth, TA
Johanos, TC
AF Baker, Jason D.
Harting, Albert L.
Wurth, Tracy A.
Johanos, Thea C.
TI Dramatic shifts in Hawaiian monk seal distribution predicted from
divergent regional trends
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; survival; reproduction;
population growth rate
ID MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; ABUNDANCE; SIZE;
NORTHWESTERN; MORTALITY; MODEL
AB P>Total estimated abundance of Hawaiian monk seals was just 1,161 individuals in 2008 and this number is decreasing. Most monk seals reside in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) where the decline is approximately 4%/yr, whereas relatively fewer seals currently occupy the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). It is widely accepted that the MHI population is increasing, although there are no formal estimates of total abundance, population growth rate or vital rates. This lack of information has hampered efforts to anticipate future scenarios and plan conservation measures. We present the first estimates of MHI monk seal survival and age-specific reproductive rates. Using these rates, a conservative estimate of current MHI abundance and a previously published stochastic simulation model, we estimate the MHI population growth rate and projected abundance trend. Analogous estimates for the NWHI are derived from a much richer data set. Estimated survival from weaning to age 1 yr is 77% in the MHI, much higher than recent NWHI estimates ranging from 42% to 57%. Moreover, MHI females begin reproducing at a younger age and attain higher birth rates than observed in the NWHI. The estimated MHI intrinsic rate of population growth is 1.07 compared to a 0.89-0.96 range in the NWHI. Assuming an initial abundance of 152 animals in the MHI, projections indicate that if current demographic trends continue, abundance in the NWHI and MHI will equalize in approximately 15 yr. These results underscore the imperative to mitigate the NWHI decline while devoting conservation efforts to foster population growth in the MHI, where documented threats including fishery interactions, direct killing, and disease could rapidly undo the current fragile positive trend.
C1 [Baker, Jason D.; Johanos, Thea C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Harting, Albert L.] Harting Biol Consulting, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA.
[Wurth, Tracy A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
EM jason.baker@noaa.gov
NR 30
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 5
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
EI 1748-7692
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 78
EP 93
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00395.x
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 700QU
UT WOS:000285760200005
ER
PT J
AU Toth, JL
Hohn, AA
Able, KW
Gorgone, AM
AF Toth, Jacalyn L.
Hohn, Aleta A.
Able, Kenneth W.
Gorgone, Antoinette M.
TI Patterns of seasonal occurrence, distribution, and site fidelity of
coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in southern New Jersey,
USA
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; New Jersey; photo
identification; stock structure; site fidelity; discovery curve; habitat
ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; HUMPBACK WHALES; HABITAT USE; CALIFORNIA;
MOVEMENTS; ABUNDANCE; CAROLINA; ECOLOGY; BAY; PERSPECTIVE
AB P>Coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) form a mosaic of resident and seasonal migratory populations along the United States Atlantic seaboard. Seasonal, poorly known migrants (identified as a separate stock) move as far north as New Jersey. During 2003-2005, 73 boat-based photo-identification surveys were conducted in southern New Jersey to discern seasonal occurrence, distribution, and patterns of movement and site fidelity. Neonates, young-of-year, and adults occurred in the study area from late May through late September, corresponding to water temperatures of 14.0-16.3 degrees C. Of 205 individuals identified, 44% (n = 90) were sighted multiple times within or among years, including 10% (n = 20) of individuals identified in all 3 yr. Almost half (47%) of the multiple sightings were observed along a core area encompassed by the southern part of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve. In contrast to stocks studied in southern coastal areas of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, estuaries were used significantly less than open-beach habitat, which is consistent with the relative prey abundance in these habitats. Research at additional sites will help confirm whether bottlenose dolphins at the northern end of their migratory range exhibit local site fidelity and habitat preferences similar to those found in this study.
C1 [Toth, Jacalyn L.; Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA.
[Hohn, Aleta A.; Gorgone, Antoinette M.] NOAA Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Toth, JL (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, 800,132 Great Bay Blvd, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA.
EM toth@marine.rutgers.edu
RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011
OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine
Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC); Rutgers
University Marine Field Station (RUMFS), Tuckerton, New Jersey
FX The authors thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center
(SEFSC), and the Rutgers University Marine Field Station (RUMFS),
Tuckerton, New Jersey, for funding and support. The authors thank Stacy
Hagan, Jaime Fraser, Steve Zeck, Kieran Lyons (RUMFS), and many other
volunteers for their time and assistance with this project. This
research was conducted under NOAA permit #779-1633-00.
NR 60
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U1 0
U2 13
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PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 94
EP 110
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00396.x
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 700QU
UT WOS:000285760200006
ER
PT J
AU Powell, JR
Wells, RS
AF Powell, Jessica R.
Wells, Randall S.
TI Recreational fishing depredation and associated behaviors involving
common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE depredation; behavior; recreational fishing; human interactions; common
bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; foraging; red tide; Karenia
brevis
ID TOUR BOATS; FISHERIES; GEAR; DISTURBANCE; PATTERNS; WHALES; IMPACT;
BLOOMS
AB P>Odontocete depredation involves stealing or damaging bait or prey already captured by fishing gear. The increase in depredation is of concern for small stocks of cetaceans because interactions with fishing gear can lead to serious injury or mortality through entanglement or ingestion. Using long-term data sets available for the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) community in Sarasota Bay, Florida, we investigated recreational fishing gear interactions by (1) examining temporal patterns in depredation and associated behaviors from 2000 to 2007; (2) quantifying the behavior of dolphins that depredate or engage in associated behaviors; and (3) identifying factors associated with the rise in depredation locally. The number of incidents of dolphins (primarily adult males) interacting with recreational anglers and boaters increased following 2004. Depredation and associated behaviors increased during red tide lags and tourist seasons during times of prey depletion and heightened angler and boater activity. Dolphins with a history of fishing gear interactions shifted away from natural activity patterns and were more likely to be within 50 m of fishing lines. Recreational fishing gear interactions were attributed to a two percent population decline in Sarasota Bay in 2006 and need to be considered along with other cumulative human impacts in the development of conservation measures for dolphins.
C1 [Powell, Jessica R.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Powell, Jessica R.; Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
RP Powell, JR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, 233 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM jessica.powell@noaa.gov
FU Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Fish Florida
FX We thank our dedicated interns and volunteers, especially Kim Atwater,
Robin Bisel, Kristen Burtch, Mauricio Cantor, Catherine Deveau, Rachel
Eubank, Kerry Foltz, Ellie Glasser, Rebeccah Hazelkorn, and Carolyn
Kovacs, whose superb efforts made data collection possible. We also
thank Dr. David Mann, Dr. Andy Read, and members of the SDRP and Mann
labs for their insightful feedback with project design and analysis. We
thank Gary Kirkpatrick and the MML Phytoplankton Ecology Lab for
providing K. Brevis cell concentration data. We thank Stacey Horstman
and Trevor Spradlin for their time and comments. This work was supported
by the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, Fish Florida, and an
assistantship from the University of South Florida, College of Marine
Science. This research was conducted under U.S. National Marine
Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 522-1785.
NR 59
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U1 3
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PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 111
EP 129
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00401.x
PG 19
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 700QU
UT WOS:000285760200007
ER
PT J
AU Mizroch, SA
Tillman, MF
Jurasz, S
Straley, JM
von Ziegesar, O
Herman, LM
Pack, AA
Baker, S
Darling, J
Glockner-Ferrari, D
Ferrari, M
Salden, DR
Clapham, PJ
AF Mizroch, Sally A.
Tillman, Michael F.
Jurasz, Susan
Straley, Janice M.
von Ziegesar, Olga
Herman, Louis M.
Pack, Adam A.
Baker, Scott
Darling, Jim
Glockner-Ferrari, Debbie
Ferrari, Mark
Salden, Dan R.
Clapham, Phillip J.
TI Long-term survival of humpback whales radio-tagged in Alaska from 1976
through 1978
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; approach methodology; habitat
use; longevity; survival; migratory destination; photo-identification;
wound healing
ID NARWHALS MONODON-MONOCEROS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NORTH PACIFIC;
BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SATELLITE TRACKING; BOWHEAD
WHALES; MOVEMENTS; ISLAND; SOUND
AB P>Invasive tags designed to provide information on animal movements through radio or satellite monitoring have tremendous potential for the study of whales and other cetaceans. However, to date there have been no published studies on the survival of tagged animals over periods of years or decades. Researchers from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tracked five humpback whales with implanted radio tags in southeastern Alaska in August 1976 and July 1977, and tracked two humpback whales in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in June 1978. All seven of these individually identified humpback whales were resighted at least 20 yr after first being tagged, and five of the seven have been observed for more than 30 yr; some of them are among the most resighted humpback whales in the North Pacific. Photos of tagging sites taken during and subsequent to tagging operations show persistent but superficial scarring and no indication of infection.
These pioneering field studies demonstrated both long-term survival of the whales and the short-term effects of deploying radio tags, which at the time were larger and more invasive than those typically used today.
C1 [Tillman, Michael F.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Jurasz, Susan] SeaSearch & Sea Reach Ltd, Sheridan, OR 97378 USA.
[Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska SE, Sitka, AK 99835 USA.
[von Ziegesar, Olga] N Gulf Ocean Soc Eye Whale, Fritz Creek, AK 99603 USA.
[Herman, Louis M.; Pack, Adam A.] Dolphin Inst, Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Lab, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
[Herman, Louis M.; Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii Hilo AAP, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Baker, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Darling, Jim] W Coast Whale Res Fdn, Vancouver, BC V6K 2S2, Canada.
[Glockner-Ferrari, Debbie; Ferrari, Mark] Ctr Whale Studies, Lahaina, HI 96767 USA.
[Salden, Dan R.] Hawaii Whale Res Fdn, Lahaina, HI 96767 USA.
[Mizroch, Sally A.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Mizroch, SA (reprint author), 249 Sea View Court, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA.
EM sally.mizroch@noaa.gov
RI Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016
OI Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909
FU Exxon Valdez Trustee Council
FX In 1976 and 1977 the NMML team included M. F. Tillman, D. W. Rice, A. A.
Wolman, and J. H. Johnson. Other cooperating scientists included C. M.
Jurasz, owner of the Ginjur and an independent consultant with many
years of experience studying humpback whales in southeastern Alaska; and
R. S. Payne, New York Zoological Society. In 1977 additional researchers
included A. A. Berzin, Pacific Research and Fisheries Center (TINRO) in
Vladivostok, V. A. Zemsky, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fishery
and Oceanography (VNIRO), R. V. Miller, NMFS Marine Mammal and
Endangered Species Division and V. F. Galluci, University of Washington.
In 1978 the WHOI team, led by W. A. Watkins, included W. E. Schevill,
Romaine Maiefski, K. Moore, D. Wartzok (The Johns Hopkins University),
and J. H. Johnson and A. A. Wolman (NMML). Josh London and Janice Waite
(both of NMML) provided constructive review comments. Jennifer Cedarleaf
(University of Alaska Southeast (UAS), Christine Gabriele (Glacier Bay
National Park and Preserve) and Jeff Jacobsen (Humboldt State
University) provided data on sighting histories from southeastern
Alaska, 1980-2009. Craig Matkin and Eva Saulitis (North Gulf Oceanic
Society), John Moran and Suzie Teerlink (Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL)),
Kate and Andy McLaughlin (McLaughlin Environmental Service, MCES)
provided data on sighting histories for Prince William Sound. Data
collection from Prince William Sound during the fall and winters of
2006-2009 was funded by the Exxon Valdez Trustee Council through
contracts to NMFS ABL, UAS, Sitka Sound Science Center and MCES. All
data were collected under NMFS authorized scientific marine mammal
research permits. John Lindsay and Paul Hillman (NOAA Ocean Media
Center) provided a digitized version of the film footage taken during
the tagging studies. The film footage helped confirm the humpback whale
field identification for the 1976 field season. This article is
dedicated to the memory of whale biologist Allen A. Wolman (1933-2009),
who participated in all of these early tagging studies and curated NMMLs
humpback whale photo-identification collection in the early years.
NR 29
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0824-0469
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 27
IS 1
BP 217
EP 229
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00391.x
PG 13
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA 700QU
UT WOS:000285760200013
ER
PT J
AU Ro, HW
Soles, CL
AF Ro, Hyun Wook
Soles, Christopher L.
TI Silsesquioxanes in nanoscale patterning applications
SO MATERIALS TODAY
LA English
DT Article
ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT MATERIALS; FLASH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-BEAM
LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY POROSIMETRY; THIN-FILMS; HYDROGEN SILSESQUIOXANE;
NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; ORGANOSILICATE FILMS; HYBRID MATERIALS;
TEMPLATES
AB Silsesquioxanes are inorganic-organic hybrid materials that combine the mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability of ceramics with the solution processing and flexibility of traditional soft materials. In this review we discuss how these attributes naturally lend themselves to a diverse range of nanoscale patterning applications. In comparison with traditional lithographic resists, the ceramic-like nature of the silsesquioxanes offers many advantages in terms of the mechanical and physical properties that are important for nanoscale patterning media. Beyond just creating physical patterns, silsesquioxanes can also be engineered to exhibit a wide range of functional properties that transcend the notion of resists being used singularly as a sacrificial component to transfer a pattern into functional materials. In this manuscript we will highlight some of the salient chemistries behind these materials that are relevant to nanoscale patterning applications and review the technical applications where patterned silsesquioxanes are being seriously considered.
C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM csoles@nist.gov
NR 73
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 3
U2 25
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1369-7021
EI 1873-4103
J9 MATER TODAY
JI Mater. Today
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 14
IS 1-2
BP 20
EP 33
DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70019-0
PG 14
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA 725MU
UT WOS:000287649800018
ER
PT J
AU Kacker, RN
Lawrence, JF
AF Kacker, Raghu N.
Lawrence, James F.
TI Derivation of isosceles trapezoidal distributions
SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE rectangular distribution; trapezoidal distribution
AB The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) (ISO 1995, Geneva: International Organization for Standardization) notes that an isosceles trapezoidal distribution often expresses the state of knowledge probabilities better than a rectangular distribution. The GUM lends further support to an isosceles trapezoidal distribution by interpreting it as a rectangular distribution whose inexactly known half-width may be represented by a (narrower) rectangular distribution. This interpretation is not exactly correct. It turns out that if the inexact knowledge about the half-width is represented by a rectangular distribution, then the resulting distribution is a variation of the isosceles trapezoid whose sloping sides are curved, an isocurvilinear trapezoidal distribution. The isosceles trapezoid can be regarded as an approximation to the isocurvilinear trapezoid. Therefore the GUM's interpretation is approximately correct. Question: does a probability distribution exist for the inexactly known half-width for which the resulting distribution is the isosceles trapezoid recommended in the GUM? We show that the isosceles trapezoidal distribution results when the inexact knowledge about the half-width is represented by a truncated right triangular distribution. The truncated right triangular distribution looks like a modification of the rectangular distribution whose top is sloping. The required truncated right triangular distribution has the same midpoint and the same second moment about the midpoint as the rectangular distribution on the same interval. It is often difficult for a metrologist to express the state of inexact knowledge about the half-width in terms of a well-defined probability distribution function. However, a metrologist can be expected to specify approximate limits for the inexactly known half-width. At least two probability distributions exist for the half-width for which the resulting distribution is isosceles trapezoid exactly or approximately. Therefore the isosceles trapezoidal distribution recommended in the GUM may be used as an approximation when only approximate limits for the half-width can be specified.
C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Lawrence, James F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lawrence, James F.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; james.lawrence@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-0233
EI 1361-6501
J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL
JI Meas. Sci. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 1
AR 015106
DI 10.1088/0957-0233/22/1/015106
PG 5
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 693QT
UT WOS:000285240000010
ER
PT B
AU Rowe, BW
Freeman, BD
Paul, DR
AF Rowe, B. W.
Freeman, B. D.
Paul, D. R.
BE Drioli, E
Barbieri, G
TI Physical Aging of Membranes for Gas Separations
SO MEMBRANE ENGINEERING FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASES, VOL 1: GAS-SEPARATION
PROBLEMS WITH MEMBRANES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID GLASSY POLYMER-FILMS; 6FDA-BASED POLYIMIDE MEMBRANES; ANNIHILATION
LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY; HOLLOW-FIBER MEMBRANES; CARBOXYL ACID GROUPS;
POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; FREE-VOLUME; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE;
CROSS-LINKING; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES
C1 [Rowe, B. W.; Freeman, B. D.; Paul, D. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Rowe, B. W.; Freeman, B. D.; Paul, D. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Rowe, B. W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rowe, BW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
NR 94
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-84973-171-3; 978-1-84973-347-2
PY 2011
BP 58
EP 83
D2 10.1039/9781849733472
PG 26
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA BA8NU
UT WOS:000338324300004
ER
PT B
AU Rincon, L
Allison, TC
Gonzalez, CA
AF Rincon, Luis
Allison, Thomas C.
Gonzalez, Carlos A.
BE Allison, TC
Coskuner, O
Gonzalez, CA
TI Tight Binding Methods for Metallic Systems
SO METALLIC SYSTEMS: A QUANTUM CHEMIST'S PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY METHOD; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES;
MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; GOLD CLUSTERS; NOBLE-METALS; DFTB
METHOD; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION
C1 [Rincon, Luis; Allison, Thomas C.; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela.
RP Rincon, L (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 93
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6086-7; 978-1-4200-6077-5
PY 2011
BP 225
EP 265
PG 41
WC Chemistry, Physical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BC7ZG
UT WOS:000355427000009
ER
PT B
AU Simon-Manso, Y
Gonzalez, CA
Fuentealba, P
AF Simon-Manso, Yamil
Gonzalez, Carlos A.
Fuentealba, Patricio
BE Allison, TC
Coskuner, O
Gonzalez, CA
TI Exploring the Borderland between Physics and Chemistry: Theoretical
Methods in the Study of Atomic Clusters
SO METALLIC SYSTEMS: A QUANTUM CHEMIST'S PERSPECTIVE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID ELECTRON LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; CAPPED GOLD NANOPARTICLES;
DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS;
LITHIUM CLUSTERS; SODIUM CLUSTERS; SILICON CLUSTERS; CHEMICAL-BONDS;
BASIS SETS
C1 [Simon-Manso, Yamil; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem References Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fuentealba, Patricio] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile.
RP Simon-Manso, Y (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem References Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 88
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4200-6086-7; 978-1-4200-6077-5
PY 2011
BP 371
EP 394
PG 24
WC Chemistry, Physical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BC7ZG
UT WOS:000355427000012
ER
PT S
AU Attota, R
Dixson, RG
Kramar, JA
Potzick, JE
Vladar, AE
Bunday, B
Novak, E
Rudack, A
AF Attota, Ravikiran
Dixson, Ronald G.
Kramar, John A.
Potzick, James E.
Vladar, Andras E.
Bunday, Benjamin
Novak, Erik
Rudack, Andrew
BE Raymond, CJ
TI TSOM Method for Semiconductor Metrology
SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXV, PT
1 AND PT 2
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for
Microlithography XXV
CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011
CL San Jose, CA
SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd
DE TSOM; through focus; optical microscope; nanometrology; process control;
nanomanufacturing; nanoparticles; overlay metrology; critical dimension;
defect analysis; dimensional analysis; MEMS; NEMS; photonics
ID OPTICAL METROLOGY
AB Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is a new metrology method that achieves 3D nanoscale measurement sensitivity using conventional optical microscopes; measurement sensitivities are comparable to what is typical when using scatterometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TSOM can be used in both reflection and transmission modes and is applicable to a variety of target materials and shapes. Nanometrology applications that have been demonstrated by experiments or simulations include defect analysis, inspection and process control; critical dimension, photomask, overlay, nanoparticle, thin film, and 3D interconnect metrologies; line-edge roughness measurements; and nanoscale movements of parts in MEMS/NEMS. Industries that could benefit include semiconductor, data storage, photonics, biotechnology, and nanomanufacturing. TSOM is relatively simple and inexpensive, has a high throughput, and provides nanoscale sensitivity for 3D measurements with potentially significant savings and yield improvements in manufacturing.
C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Dixson, Ronald G.; Kramar, John A.; Potzick, James E.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Attota, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov
NR 19
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-530-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7971
AR 79710T
DI 10.1117/12.881620
PG 15
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA BXL99
UT WOS:000296334800025
ER
PT S
AU Barnes, BM
Quintanilha, R
Sohn, YJ
Zhou, H
Silver, RM
AF Barnes, Bryan M.
Quintanilha, Richard
Sohn, Yeung-Joon
Zhou, Hui
Silver, Richard M.
BE Raymond, CJ
TI Optical illumination optimization for patterned defect inspection
SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXV, PT
1 AND PT 2
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for
Microlithography XXV
CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011
CL San Jose, CA
SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd
DE Defect detection; Scatterfield optical microscopy; illumination
optimization; bright-field microscopy; dark-field microscopy
AB Rapidly decreasing critical dimensions (CD) for semiconductor devices drive the study of improved methods for the detection of defects within patterned areas. As reduced CDs are being achieved through directional patterning, additional constraints and opportunities present themselves in defect metrology. This simulation and experimental study assesses potential improvements in patterned defect inspection that may be achieved by engineering the light incident to the sample within a high-magnification imaging platform. Simulation variables include the incident angle, polarization, and wavelength for defect types common to directional device layouts. Detectability is determined through differential images between no-defect- and defect-containing images. Alternative metrologies such as interference microscopy are also investigated through modeling. The measurement of a 20 nm defect is demonstrated experimentally using 193 nm light. The complex interplay of unidirectional patterning and highly directional defects is explored using structured off-axis illumination and polarization.
C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Quintanilha, Richard; Sohn, Yeung-Joon; Zhou, Hui; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-530-4
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7971
AR 79710D
DI 10.1117/12.882313
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA BXL99
UT WOS:000296334800011
ER
PT B
AU Solo-Gabriele, HM
Boehm, AB
Scott, TM
Sinigalliano, CD
AF Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.
Boehm, Alexandria B.
Scott, Troy M.
Sinigalliano, Christopher D.
BE Hagedorn, C
Blanch, AR
Harwood, VJ
TI Beaches and Coastal Environments
SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING: METHODS, APPLICATIONS, AND CASE STUDIES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Indicator microbe; Marine beaches; Coastal environment; Beach management
ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI
CONCENTRATIONS; RECREATIONAL WATER-QUALITY; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING;
SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; SOUTHERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; REAL-TIME PCR; MARINE
BEACH; SURF ZONE
AB This chapter summarizes the rationale for using microbial source tracking (MST) methods at beach sites and coastal water bodies (Sect. 20.1), as MST methods are especially useful for evaluating waters impacted by nonpoint sources of pollution. This chapter also describes the most common traditional and alternative MST markers used at beach sites (Sect. 20.2). Two case studies are presented (Sect. 20.3) that describe the use of both biological/chemical MST methods and physical MST methods for identifying sources of microbes at two marine beach sites in USA, one located on the west coast (California) and the other located on the east coast (Florida). The chapter closes with discussion and recommendations concerning the utility and application of MST tools at beach sites impacted by nonpoint-source pollution (Sect. 20.4). Although this chapter focuses on marine beaches, an incredible wealth of MST data has been gathered at freshwater beaches (Byappanahalli et al. 2006; Harwood et al. 2005; Jenkins et al. 2005; Scott et al. 2002; Stapleton et al. 2009; Whitman and Nevers 2003; Whitman et al. 2004), and a comprehensive review of beach studies merits the inclusion of MST work within freshwater systems. The use of MST in freshwater systems is further discussed in Chaps. 18, 19, and 21.
C1 [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Scott, Troy M.; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] Univ Miami, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Key Biscayne, FL USA.
[Boehm, Alexandria B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Boehm, Alexandria B.] Univ Hawaii, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Scott, Troy M.] Source Mol Corp, Miami, FL USA.
[Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Solo-Gabriele, HM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM hmsolo@miami.edu; aboehm@stanford.edu; dtrmscott@gmail.com;
Christopher.Sinigalliano@noaa.gov
RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014
OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X
NR 142
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES
BN 978-1-4419-9385-4
PY 2011
BP 451
EP 483
DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1_20
D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9386-1
PG 33
WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology
GA BVR30
UT WOS:000292530800020
ER
PT S
AU Silver, RM
Zhang, NF
Barnes, BM
Qin, J
Zhou, H
Dixson, R
AF Silver, R. M.
Zhang, N. F.
Barnes, B. M.
Qin, J.
Zhou, H.
Dixson, R.
BE Bodermann, B
Bosse, H
Silver, RM
TI A Bayesian Statistical Model for Hybrid Metrology to Improve Measurement
Accuracy
SO MODELING ASPECTS IN OPTICAL METROLOGY III
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology III
CY MAY 23-24, 2011
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP SPIE
ID SCATTERFIELD MICROSCOPY
AB We present a method to combine measurements from different techniques that reduces uncertainties and can improve measurement throughput. The approach directly integrates the measurement analysis of multiple techniques that can include different configurations or platforms. This approach has immediate application when performing model-based optical critical dimension (OCD) measurements. When modeling optical measurements, a library of curves is assembled through the simulation of a multi-dimensional parameter space. Parametric correlation and measurement noise lead to measurement uncertainty in the fitting process with fundamental limitations resulting from the parametric correlations. A strategy to decouple parametric correlation and reduce measurement uncertainties is described. We develop the rigorous underlying Bayesian statistical model and apply this methodology to OCD metrology. We then introduce an approach to damp the regression process to achieve more stable and rapid regression fitting. These methods that use a priori information are shown to reduce measurement uncertainty and improve throughput while also providing an improved foundation for comprehensive reference metrology.
C1 [Silver, R. M.; Zhang, N. F.; Barnes, B. M.; Qin, J.; Zhou, H.; Dixson, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8679-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8083
AR 808307
DI 10.1117/12.889876
PG 11
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA BVY97
UT WOS:000293179900006
ER
PT B
AU Becker, CA
AF Becker, Chandler A.
BE Arnold, SM
Wong, TT
TI ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS FOR ENGINEERING: POTENTIALS AND CHALLENGES
SO MODELS, DATABASES, AND SIMULATION TOOLS NEEDED FOR THE REALIZATION OF
INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Models, Databases, and Simulation Tools Needed for the
Realization of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering
CY OCT 18-20, 2010
CL Houston, TX
SP ASM, Mat Properties Database Comm
ID MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS; ALLOYS
AB Atomistic simulations, both electronic structure calculations and empirical methods such as molecular dynamics, are gaining in popularity and utility to treat a wide range of nanoscale phenomena and materials. The methods have great promise, both on their own and as pieces of an Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach because they can be used to calculate properties (with uncertainties) as input to continuum-level models or as qualitative guides. However, there are a number of issues to be addressed for atomistic simulation to be more widely used in engineering applications. Some are technical, while others are cultural. We will discuss these in the context of the NIST project on atomistic simulations, particularly the issues raised in the annual workshops related to industrial use of atomistic simulations and the NIST Interatomic Potentials Repository (http://wvvw.ctcms.nist.gov/potentials) that provides a distribution mechanism for fully referenced interatomic potentials for numerous materials in various formats.
C1 [Becker, Chandler A.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASM INTERNATIONAL
PI MATERIALS PARK
PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA
BN 978-1-61503-831-2
PY 2011
BP 91
EP 99
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BH0FQ
UT WOS:000394826200010
ER
PT J
AU Charba, JP
Samplatsky, FG
AF Charba, Jerome P.
Samplatsky, Frederick G.
TI Regionalization in Fine-Grid GFS MOS 6-h Quantitative Precipitation
Forecasts
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; THUNDERSTORMS; PROBABILITY; SYSTEM
AB The recent emergence of the National Digital Forecast Database as the flagship product of the National Weather Service has resulted in an increased demand for forecast guidance products on fine-mesh grids. Unfortunately, fine-grid forecasts with geographically regionalized statistical models are usually plagued by nonmeteorological discontinuities at regional boundaries. This study treats the problem in a regionalized Global Forecast System (GFS)-based model output statistics (MOS) application that produces 6-h probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPFs) on a 4-km grid up to 192 h in advance. The technique involves incorporating areal overlap in the geographical regionalization and weighting multiple PQPFs in region-overlap zones. The degree of overlap ranges from about 20 km along meteorologically significant regional boundaries to about 150 km at quasi-arbitrary boundaries. The forecast-weighting constants for a grid point in an overlap zone vary in direct proportion to the distances to the closest associated regional boundaries.
The application of the region-overlap and forecast-weighting techniques resulted in retention of sharp PQPF gradients along meteorologically significant regional boundaries and prevention of artificial discontinuities at quasi-arbitrary boundaries. The eradication of the discontinuities in the forecast patterns was achieved without sacrificing forecast skill. While the regionalization was customized for producing high-spatial-resolution 6-h PQPFs over the contiguous United States with a specialized gridded MOS application, the region-overlap and forecast-weighting techniques may have general applicability. Also, the quality of the 6-h PQPFs was not strongly dependent on customization of the regionalization.
C1 [Charba, Jerome P.; Samplatsky, Frederick G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Charba, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM jerome.charba@noaa.gov
NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 1
BP 24
EP 38
DI 10.1175/2010MWR2926.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 725NL
UT WOS:000287652100002
ER
PT J
AU Charba, JP
Samplatsky, FG
AF Charba, Jerome P.
Samplatsky, Frederick G.
TI High-Resolution GFS-Based MOS Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts on a
4-km Grid
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MODEL; PROBABILITY; REFORECASTS; SYSTEM; SEASON; NMC
AB The Meteorological Development Laboratory (MDL) of the National Weather Service (NWS) has developed high-resolution Global Forecast System (GFS)-based model output statistics (MOS) 6- and 12-h quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) guidance on a 4-km grid for the contiguous United States. Geographically regionalized multiple linear regression equations are used to produce probabilistic QPFs (PQPFs) for multiple precipitation exceedance thresholds. Also, several supplementary QPF elements are derived from the PQPFs. The QPF elements are produced (presently experimentally) twice per day for forecast projections up to 156 h (6.5 days); probability of (measurable) precipitation (POP) forecasts extend to 192 h (8 days). Because the spatial and intensity resolutions of the QPF elements are higher than that for the currently operational gridded MOS QPF elements, this new application is referred to as high-resolution MOS (HRMOS) QPF.
High spatial resolution and enhanced skill are built into the HRMOS PQPFs by incorporating finescale topography and climatology into the predictor database. This is accomplished through the use of specially formulated "topoclimatic'' interactive predictors, which are formed as a simple product of a climatology- or terrain-related quantity and a GFS forecast variable. Such a predictor contains interactive effects, whereby finescale detail in the topographic or climatic variable is built into the GFS forecast variable, and dynamics in the large-scale GFS forecast variable are incorporated into the static topoclimatic variable. In essence, such interactive predictors account for the finescale bias error in the GFS forecasts, and thus they enhance the skill of the PQPFs.
Underlying the enhanced performance of the HRMOS QPF elements is extensive use of archived fine-grid radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs). The fine spatial scale of the QPE data supported development of a detailed precipitation climatology, which is used as a climatic predictive input. Also, the very large number of QPE sample points supported specification of rare-event (i.e., >= 1.50 and >= 2.00 in.) 6-h precipitation exceedance thresholds as predictands. Geographical regionalization of the PQPF regression equations and the derived QPF elements also contributes to enhanced forecast performance.
Limited comparative verification of several 6- h model QPFs in categorical form showed the HRMOS QPF with significantly better threat scores and biases than corresponding GFS and operational gridded MOS QPFs.
Limited testing of logistic regression versus linear regression to produce the 6- h PQPFs showed the feasibility of applying the logistic method with the very large HRMOS samples. However, objective screening of many candidate predictors with linear regression resulted in slightly better PQPF skill.
C1 [Charba, Jerome P.; Samplatsky, Frederick G.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Charba, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Meteorol Dev Lab, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM jerome.charba@noaa.gov
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 1
BP 39
EP 68
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3224.1
PG 30
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 725NL
UT WOS:000287652100003
ER
PT J
AU Hamill, TM
Whitaker, JS
AF Hamill, Thomas M.
Whitaker, Jeffrey S.
TI What Constrains Spread Growth in Forecasts Initialized from Ensemble
Kalman Filters?
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC DATA
ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM; OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION; ERROR
REPRESENTATION; REAL OBSERVATIONS; LYAPUNOV VECTORS; TESTS; COVARIANCES
AB The spread of an ensemble of weather predictions initialized from an ensemble Kalman filter may grow slowly relative to other methods for initializing ensemble predictions, degrading its skill. Several possible causes of the slow spread growth were evaluated in perfect- and imperfect-model experiments with a two-layer primitive equation spectral model of the atmosphere. The causes examined were the covariance localization, the additive noise used to stabilize the assimilation method and parameterize the system error, and the model error itself. In these experiments, the flow-independent additive noise was the biggest factor in constraining spread growth. Preevolving additive noise perturbations were tested as a way to make the additive noise more flow dependent. This modestly improved the data assimilation and ensemble predictions, both in the two-layer model results and in a brief test of the assimilation of real observations into a global multilevel spectral primitive equation model. More generally, these results suggest that methods for treating model error in ensemble Kalman filters that greatly reduce the flow dependency of the background-error covariances may increase the filter analysis error and decrease the rate of forecast spread growth.
C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, ESRL PSD 1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL PSD 1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov
NR 74
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 1
BP 117
EP 131
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3246.1
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 725NL
UT WOS:000287652100007
ER
PT J
AU Murillo, ST
Lee, WC
Bell, MM
Barnes, GM
Marks, FD
Dodge, PP
AF Murillo, Shirley T.
Lee, Wen-Chau
Bell, Michael M.
Barnes, Gary M.
Marks, Frank D., Jr.
Dodge, Peter P.
TI Intercomparison of Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD)-Retrieved
Circulation Centers and Structures of Hurricane Danny (1997) from Two
Coastal WSR-88Ds
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; INNER-CORE; TROCHOIDAL
MOTION; PART I; EVOLUTION; VORTEX; EYE; ALGORITHM; VORTICES
AB A plausible primary circulation and circulation center of a tropical cyclone (TC) can be deduced from a coastal Doppler radar using the ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) technique and the GBVTD-simplex algorithm. The quality of the retrieved primary circulation is highly sensitive to the accuracy of the circulation center that can only be estimated from the degree of scattering of all possible centers obtained in GBVTD-simplex analyses from a single radar in real TCs. This study extends previous work to examine the uncertainties in the GBVTD-simplex-derived circulation centers and the GBVTD-derived primary circulations in Hurricane Danny (1997) sampled simultaneously from two Doppler radars [Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Dopplers (WSR-88Ds) in Mobile, Alabama, and Slidell, Louisiana] for 5 h.
It is found that the mean difference between the individually computed GBVTD-simplex-derived centers is 2.13 km, similar to the estimates in previous studies. This value can be improved to 1.59 km by imposing time continuity in the radius of maximum wind, maximum mean tangential wind, and the center position in successive volumes. These additional physical criteria, not considered in previous work, stabilized the GBVTD-simplex algorithm and paved the way for automating the center finding and wind retrieval procedures in the future.
Using the improved set of centers, Danny's axisymmetric tangential wind structures retrieved from each radar showed general agreement with systematic differences (up to 6 m s(-1)) in certain periods. The consistency in the wavenumber-1 tangential winds was not as good as their axisymmetric counterparts. It is suspected that the systematic differences in the axisymmetric tangential winds were caused by the unresolved wavenumber-2 sine components rather than from the relatively small cross-beam mean wind components in Danny.
C1 [Murillo, Shirley T.; Marks, Frank D., Jr.; Dodge, Peter P.] NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Lee, Wen-Chau; Bell, Michael M.] UCAR NCAR EOL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Barnes, Gary M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Murillo, ST (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM shirley.murillo@noaa.gov
RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Bell, Michael/B-1144-2009; Murillo,
Shirley/C-3259-2014; dodge, peter/A-9808-2017
OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Bell, Michael/0000-0002-0496-331X;
Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682;
FU NSF [ATM-0735867]
FX The first author appreciates the NCAR SOARS program for providing the
opportunity to work on this project. The authors thank some of the
participants from the 1998 NCAR's Advanced Study Program Summer
Colloquium who used the SOLO software to unfold the radar data used in
this study. This paper benefited from reviews by John Gamache and Mike
Black of the NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division. The authors would
also like to thank three anonymous reviewers of this manuscript for
their constructive and helpful comments. Gary Barnes acknowledges
support by NSF Grant ATM-0735867.
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 1
BP 153
EP 174
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3036.1
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 725NL
UT WOS:000287652100009
ER
PT J
AU Dowell, DC
Wicker, LJ
Snyder, C
AF Dowell, David C.
Wicker, Louis J.
Snyder, Chris
TI Ensemble Kalman Filter Assimilation of Radar Observations of the 8 May
2003 Oklahoma City Supercell: Influences of Reflectivity Observations on
Storm-Scale Analyses
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; PART II;
CONVECTIVE STORM; CLOUD MODEL; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; BULK
PARAMETERIZATION; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION; RESOLUTION
AB Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) techniques have been proposed for obtaining atmospheric state estimates on the scale of individual convective storms from radar and other observations, but tests of these methods with observations of real convective storms are still very limited. In the current study, radar observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell thunderstorm were assimilated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (NCOMMAS) with an EnKF method. The cloud model employed 1-km horizontal grid spacing, a single-moment bulk precipitation-microphysics scheme, and a base state initialized with sounding data. A 50-member ensemble was produced by randomly perturbing base-state wind profiles and by regularly adding random local perturbations to the horizontal wind, temperature, and water vapor fields in and near observed precipitation.
In a reference experiment, only Doppler-velocity observations were assimilated into the NCOMMAS ensemble. Then, radar-reflectivity observations were assimilated together with Doppler-velocity observations in subsequent experiments. Influences that reflectivity observations have on storm-scale analyses were revealed through parameter-space experiments by varying observation availability, observation errors, ensemble spread, and choices for what model variables were updated when a reflectivity observation was assimilated. All experiments produced realistic storm-scale analyses that compared favorably with independent radar observations. Convective storms in the NCOMMAS ensemble developed more quickly when reflectivity observations and velocity observations were both assimilated rather than only velocity, presumably because the EnKF utilized covariances between reflectivity and unobserved model fields such as cloud water and vertical velocity in efficiently developing realistic storm features.
Recurring spatial patterns in the differences between predicted and observed reflectivity were noted particularly at low levels, downshear of the supercell's updraft, in the anvil of moderate-to-light precipitation, where reflectivity in the model was typically lower than observed. Bias errors in the predicted rain mixing ratios and/or the size distributions that the bulk scheme associates with these mixing ratios are likely responsible for this reflectivity underprediction. When a reflectivity observation is assimilated, bias errors in the model fields associated with reflectivity (rain, snow, and hail-graupel) can be projected into other model variables through the ensemble covariances. In the current study, temperature analyses in the downshear anvil at low levels, where reflectivity was underpredicted, were very sensitive both to details of the assimilation algorithm and to ensemble spread in temperature. This strong sensitivity suggests low confidence in analyses of low-level cold pools obtained through reflectivity-data assimilation.
C1 [Dowell, David C.; Snyder, Chris] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Dowell, David C.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA.
[Dowell, David C.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Dowell, DC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM ddowell@ucar.edu
RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0333872, ATM-0205655]; National Center
for Atmospheric Research
FX D. Dowell's work on this project was supported by the National Science
Foundation under Grant ATM-0333872 at the Cooperative Institute for
Mesoscale Meteorological Studies and by the National Center for
Atmospheric Research. C. Snyder's work on this project was supported by
the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-0205655. Matt Gilmore
developed the precipitation-microphysics scheme used in these
experiments and answered questions about the code. Mike Coniglio, Ted
Mansell, and Glen Romine contributed to the data-assimilation code
development. Kevin Scharfenberg and Gordon Carrie provided the radar
observations of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City supercell. Discussions with
Altug Aksoy, Glen Romine, Ted Mansell, and Don Burgess were quite
beneficial. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions for
improving the manuscript. Mary Haley provided valuable assistance with
NCL graphics.
NR 66
TC 68
Z9 68
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 139
IS 1
BP 272
EP 294
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3438.1
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 725NL
UT WOS:000287652100015
ER
PT J
AU Chen, L
Henein, G
Luciani, V
AF Chen, Lei
Henein, Gerald
Luciani, Vincent
TI Nanofabrication techniques for controlled drug-release devices
SO NANOMEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE drug delivery; nanofabrication; nanomedicine
ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; MICROFABRICATED
MICRONEEDLES; NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DELIVERY; RESOLUTION; SURFACES;
POLYMER; FABRICATION; DIMENSIONS
C1 [Chen, Lei; Henein, Gerald; Luciani, Vincent] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Chen, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6201, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lei.chen@nist.gov
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
PI LONDON
PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3
1QB, ENGLAND
SN 1743-5889
J9 NANOMEDICINE-UK
JI Nanomedicine
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.2217/NNM.10.140
PG 6
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA 733SZ
UT WOS:000288284500001
PM 21182411
ER
PT J
AU Liddle, JA
Gallatin, GM
AF Liddle, J. Alexander
Gallatin, Gregg M.
TI Lithography, metrology and nanomanufacturing
SO NANOSCALE
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; DIP-PEN
NANOLITHOGRAPHY; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; ROLL-TO-ROLL; NANOIMPRINT
LITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS
AB Semiconductor chip manufacturing is by far the predominant nanomanufacturing technology in the world today. Top-down lithography techniques are used for fabrication of logic and memory chips since, in order to function, these chips must essentially be perfect. Assuring perfection requires expensive metrology. Top of the line logic sells for several hundred thousand dollars per square metre and, even though the required metrology is expensive, it is a small percentage of the overall manufacturing cost. The level of stability and control afforded by current lithography tools means that much of this metrology can be online and statistical. In contrast, many of the novel types of nanomanufacturing currently being developed will produce products worth only a few dollars per square metre. To be cost effective, the required metrology must cost proportionately less. Fortunately many of these nanofabrication techniques, such as block copolymer self-assembly, colloidal self-assembly, DNA origami, roll-2-roll nano-imprint, etc., will not require the same level of perfection to meet specification. Given the variability of these self-assembly processes, in order to maintain process control, these techniques will require some level of real time online metrology. Hence we are led to the conclusion that future nanomanufacturing may well necessitate "cheap'' nanometre scale metrology which functions real time and on-line, e. g. at GHz rates, in the production stream. In this paper we review top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication techniques and compare and contrast the various metrology requirements.
C1 [Liddle, J. Alexander; Gallatin, Gregg M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM liddle@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012; Liddle,
James/A-4867-2013
OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910
NR 118
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 3
U2 87
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2040-3364
J9 NANOSCALE
JI Nanoscale
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 7
BP 2679
EP 2688
DI 10.1039/c1nr10046g
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 792UQ
UT WOS:000292776300003
PM 21487581
ER
PT J
AU Kim, H
Herzing, A
Michaels, CA
Bryant, GW
Stranick, SJ
AF Kim, Hyunmin
Herzing, Andrew
Michaels, Chris A.
Bryant, Garnett W.
Stranick, Stephan J.
TI Coherent stokes scattering from gold nanorods: Critical dimensions and
multicolor near-resonant plasmon excitation
SO NANOSCALE
LA English
DT Article
ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE GOLD; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION;
NANOPARTICLES; METALS; LUMINESCENCE; NANOWIRES; EMISSION; SURFACES;
LIMIT
AB In this study, we detail the coherent Stokes scattering from gold nanorods in ensemble and single particle measurements. An increase of more than an order of magnitude was observed in the surface plasmon resonance enhancement of coherent Stokes scattering by gold nanorods for small changes in nanorod dimensions. The impact of this dimensional change is, in general, smaller when probed by single color linear and non-linear techniques. We find that the size sensitivity and associated wavelength dependence of the enhanced coherent Stokes scattering from individual gold nanorods is consistent with predictions based on local surface plasmon resonances found from exact solutions obtained using boundary element methods.
C1 [Kim, Hyunmin; Herzing, Andrew; Michaels, Chris A.; Bryant, Garnett W.; Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kim, Hyunmin; Bryant, Garnett W.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM garnett.bryant@nist.gov; stephan.stranick@nist.gov
RI Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012;
OI Kim, Hyunmin/0000-0002-9338-4597
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2040-3364
J9 NANOSCALE
JI Nanoscale
PY 2011
VL 3
IS 10
BP 4290
EP 4295
DI 10.1039/c1nr10825e
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 829XB
UT WOS:000295618200045
PM 21912802
ER
PT J
AU Xu, JJ
Yang, B
Hammouda, B
AF Xu, Jiajun
Yang, Bao
Hammouda, Boualem
TI Thermal conductivity and viscosity of self-assembled
alcohol/polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion fluids
SO NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposiumon Nanomaterials for Sensing and EnergyHarvesting Devices
(Micro and Nano)
CY DEC 12-15, 2010
CL Athens, GREECE
ID CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOFLUIDS; SUSPENSIONS; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSPORT;
MECHANISMS
AB Very large thermal conductivity enhancement had been reported earlier in colloidal suspensions of solid nanoparticles (i.e., nanofluids) and more recently also in oil- in- water emulsions. In this study, nanoemulsions of alcohol and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are spontaneously generated by self-assembly, and their thermal conductivity and viscosity are investigated experimentally. Alcohol and PAO have similar thermal conductivity values, so that the abnormal effects, such as particle Brownian motion, on thermal transport could be deducted in these alcohol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids. Small angle neutron-scattering measurement shows that the alcohol droplets are spheres of 0.8-nm radius in these nanoemulsion fluids. Both thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the fluids are found to increase with alcohol droplet loading, as expected from classical theories. However, the measured conductivity increase is very moderate, e.g., a 2.3% increase for 9 vol%, in these fluids. This suggests that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity is observed in the alcohol/PAO nanoemulsion fluids tested in this study.
C1 [Xu, Jiajun; Yang, Bao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM baoyang@umd.edu
FU Department of Energy [ER46441]; National Science Foundation
[DMR-0454672]
FX This study is financially supported by the Department of Energy (grant
no. ER46441). The SANS measurements performed at the NIST-CNR are
supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No.
DMR-0454672.
NR 38
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1556-276X
J9 NANOSCALE RES LETT
JI Nanoscale Res. Lett.
PY 2011
VL 6
AR 274
DI 10.1186/1556-276X-6-274
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA 763AQ
UT WOS:000290525700149
PM 21711807
ER
PT B
AU Whelton, AJ
Duncan, TV
Koontz, JL
Nguyen, T
AF Whelton, A. J.
Duncan, T. V.
Koontz, J. L.
Nguyen, T.
BE Laudon, M
Romanowicz, B
TI Nanoparticle Release from Polymer Nanocomposites Used for Potable Water
Infrastructure and Food Packaging: Current Progress & Beyond
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND
ENERGY, NSTI-NANOTECH 2011, VOL 3
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo
CY JUN 13-16, 2011
CL Boston, MA
SP Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, European Patent Off, Greenberg Traurig, Innovat & Mat Sci Inst, Jackson Walker LLP, Linde Nanomaterials, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Nano Tech Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanpolis Suzhou, Suzhou Nanotech Co Ltd, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Fraunhofer, Res Germany, TechConnect, Technol Innovat Program, Canadian Trade Commiss Serv, Italian Trade Commiss
DE nanoparticle; water; food; release; infrastructure
AB Nanoparticle (NP) enhanced polymers have the potential to revolutionize food packaging and water pipe performance, though release of NPs from these materials has gone relatively unstudied. A literature review was conducted to identify potential NP release pathways from nanomposite materials into food and water. Results show little is known, and this lack of knowledge prevents responsible commercialization of safe and innovative nano enhanced products, development of predictive health risk models, and generation of science based environmental, health, and safety focused regulation. Common limitations of past studies are that quantitative results were not described, NP detection methods were lacking, and metal ions were not differentiated from NPs. Science has not quantitatively determined if and under what conditions nanocomposites release NPs into food and water matrices. Future research needs are also identified.
C1 [Whelton, A. J.] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.
[Duncan, T. V.; Koontz, J. L.] FDA, Bedford Pk, IL USA.
[Nguyen, T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Whelton, AJ (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA.
EM ajwhelton@usouthal.edu; Timothy.Duncan@fda.hhs.gov;
John.Koontz@fda.hhs.gov; Tinh.Nguyen@nist.gov
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4398-7138-6
PY 2011
BP 505
EP 508
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Materials Science,
Biomaterials
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics;
Research & Experimental Medicine; Materials Science
GA BG9XC
UT WOS:000394061000133
ER
PT B
AU Lin, CC
Yang, F
Chin, JW
Sung, L
Lee, S
AF Lin, C. C.
Yang, F.
Chin, J. W.
Sung, L.
Lee, S.
BE Laudon, M
Romanowicz, B
TI Fracture-induced polymeric grating structures
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011: ELECTRONICS, DEVICES, FABRICATION, MEMS, FLUIDICS
AND COMPUTATIONAL, NSTI-NANOTECH 2011, VOL 2
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo
CY JUN 13-16, 2011
CL Boston, MA
SP Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind Org, European Patent Off, Greenberg Traurig, Innovat & Mat Sci Inst, Jackson Walker LLP, Linde Nanomaterials, Lockheed Martin, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, Nano Tech Japan, NanoEurope Fair & Conf, Nanpolis Suzhou, Suzhou Nanotech Co Ltd, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Fraunhofer, Res Germany, TechConnect, Technol Innovat Program, Canadian Trade Commiss Serv, Italian Trade Commiss
DE fracture-induced structuring; polymer thin film; mechanical instability;
cracking; nanopatterning
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FILM; TEMPERATURE; INDENTATION; INSTABILITY
AB Fracture-induced structuring (FIS) is found in the polymer thin film sandwiched between two relatively rigid flat plates by simply separating apart the plates, which produces a complementary set of micro/nano scale nonsymmetrical periodic polymer ripple gratings on both plates. FIS is a potential candidate to be a low-cost and high-throughput nanopatterning technique, however, the the cracking mechanism of FIS is still not fully understood. In this study, FIS gratings were observed to follow the direction of the maximum in-plane shear stress induced by external separating-load. Furthermore, the result of gamma irradiation effect shows that homogeneous/glassy and brittle material properties of polymer thin film is essential to cause uniform and smooth cracking. More phenomena such as primary/secondary gratings and competed rupture are also discussed in this paper. The results of this study can be applied to nanopatterning and nanotechnology.
C1 [Lin, C. C.; Lee, S.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
[Yang, F.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
[Chin, J. W.; Sung, L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lin, CC (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
EM slee@mx.nthu.edu.tw
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4398-7139-3
PY 2011
BP 318
EP 321
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA BG9XB
UT WOS:000394060800081
ER
PT J
AU Nikoobakht, B
AF Nikoobakht, Babak
BE Hashim, A
TI Surface-Directed Growth of Nanowires: A Scalable Platform for Nanodevice
Fabrication
SO NANOWIRES - IMPLEMENTATIONS AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; SOLAR-CELLS; SILICON
NANOWIRES; ZNO; ARRAYS; GAN; SEMICONDUCTOR; CIRCUITS; DEVICES
C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 47
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-318-7
PY 2011
BP 245
EP 266
D2 10.5772/1025
PG 22
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA BG0YD
UT WOS:000386575300013
ER
PT B
AU Guerry, AD
Plummer, ML
Ruckelshaus, MH
Harvey, CJ
AF Guerry, Anne D.
Plummer, Mark L.
Ruckelshaus, Mary H.
Harvey, Chris J.
BE Kareiva, P
Tallis, H
Ricketts, TH
Daily, GC
Polasky, S
TI Ecosystem service assessments for marine conservation
SO NATURAL CAPITAL: THEORY & PRACTICE OF MAPPING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECONOMIC VALUATION; ZOSTERA-MARINA; CARBON
SEQUESTRATION; SEDIMENT RETENTION; FISHERY LINKAGES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA;
STANDING-STOCK; CLUPEA-PALLASI; PUGET SOUND
C1 [Guerry, Anne D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Guerry, Anne D.; Plummer, Mark L.; Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Guerry, AD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
NR 117
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 3
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA
BN 978-0-19-958900-5; 978-0-19-177463-8; 978-0-19-958899-2
PY 2011
BP 296
EP 322
D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588992.001.0001
PG 27
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BC8HB
UT WOS:000355681600018
ER
PT J
AU Liu, PC
AF Liu, P. C.
TI What do we know about freaque waves in the ocean and lakes and how do we
know it? (vol 10, pg 2191, 2010)
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Correction
C1 NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
EM paul.c.liu@noaa.gov
NR 2
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS
JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 2
BP 331
EP 332
DI 10.5194/nhess-11-331-2011
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 727KW
UT WOS:000287799500009
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, H
Moore, CW
Wei, Y
Titov, VV
AF Zhou, H.
Moore, C. W.
Wei, Y.
Titov, V. V.
TI A nested-grid Boussinesq-type approach to modelling dispersive
propagation and runup of landslide-generated tsunamis
SO NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBMARINE MASS FAILURE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SOLITARY
WAVES; CANARY-ISLANDS; SURFACE-WAVES; LA-PALMA; EQUATIONS; BREAKING;
TRANSFORMATION
AB A tsunami generated by large-volume landslide can propagate across the ocean and flood communities around the basin. The evolution of landslide-generated tsunamis is affected by the effects of frequency dispersion and involves processes of different temporal and spacial scales. In this paper, we develop a numerical approach employing the weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type theories and nested computational grids. The propagation in a large domain is simulated with the weakly nonlinear model in a geographical reference frame. The nearshore wave evolution and runup are computed with the fully nonlinear model. Nested grids are employed to zoom simulations from larger to smaller domains at successively increasing resolutions. The models and the nesting scheme are validated for theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments and a historical tsunami event. By applying this approach, we also investigate the potential tsunami impact on the US east coast due to the possible landslide on La Palma Island. The scenario employed in this study represents an event of extremely low probability.
C1 [Zhou, H.; Moore, C. W.; Wei, Y.; Titov, V. V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Zhou, H.; Moore, C. W.; Wei, Y.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Zhou, H (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM hongqiang.zhou@noaa.gov
RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015;
OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829
FU Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL); Joint Institute for the
Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA10OAR4320148]; US Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research under
Interagency [RES-07-004, N6401]
FX We are grateful to S. N. Ward, F. Lovholt and U. Kanoglu for their
invaluable comments and revision suggestions on this paper. The first
author thanks the National Research Council for its support through the
Research Associateship Program. This study is partially funded by the
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) and the Joint Institute
for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative
Agreement No. NA10OAR4320148, Contribution #3569 (PMEL), #1870 (JISAO)
and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory
Research under Interagency Agreement RES-07-004 Project N6401.
NR 77
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1561-8633
J9 NAT HAZARD EARTH SYS
JI Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 10
BP 2677
EP 2697
DI 10.5194/nhess-11-2677-2011
PG 21
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
Water Resources
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources
GA 844JW
UT WOS:000296744500001
ER
PT J
AU Rehn, N
Filatova, OA
Durban, JW
Foote, AD
AF Rehn, Nicola
Filatova, Olga A.
Durban, John W.
Foote, Andrew D.
TI Cross-cultural and cross-ecotype production of a killer whale
'excitement' call suggests universality
SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
LA English
DT Article
DE Innateness; Universality; Close-range interactions; Vocal signal
ID ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; VOCALIZATIONS;
TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSIONS; PATTERNS; LAUGHTER; INNATE
AB Facial and vocal expressions of emotion have been found in a number of social mammal species and are thought to have evolved to aid social communication. There has been much debate about whether such signals are culturally inherited or are truly biologically innate. Evidence for the innateness of such signals can come from cross-cultural studies. Previous studies have identified a vocalisation (the V4 or 'excitement' call) associated with high arousal behaviours in a population of killer whales in British Columbia, Canada. In this study, we compared recordings from three different socially and reproductively isolated ecotypes of killer whales, including five vocal clans of one ecotype, each clan having discrete culturally transmitted vocal traditions. The V4 call was found in recordings of each ecotype and each vocal clan. Nine independent observers reproduced our classification of the V4 call from each population with high inter-observer agreement. Our results suggest the V4 call may be universal in Pacific killer whale populations and that transmission of this call is independent of cultural tradition or ecotype. We argue that such universality is more consistent with an innate vocalisation than one acquired through social learning and may be linked to its apparent function of motivational expression.
C1 [Rehn, Nicola] Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Filatova, Olga A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Fac Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia.
[Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Foote, Andrew D.] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr GeoGenet, Nat Hist Museum, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Rehn, N (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Bioctr Grindel, Martin Luther King Pl 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
EM nicola.rehn@arcor.de
OI Filatova, Olga/0000-0003-1533-4807
NR 35
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 38
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0028-1042
J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
JI Naturwissenschaften
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 98
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1007/s00114-010-0732-5
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 705FR
UT WOS:000286114800001
PM 21072496
ER
PT B
AU Kromann, S
AF Kromann, Sonja
BE Barr, D
TI PROVIDING ACCESS TO A HIDDEN RESOURCE: THE NATIONAL MARINE MAMMAL
LABORATORY FUR SEAL ARCHIVE
SO NETTING KNOWLEDGE: TWO HEMISPHERES - ONE WORLD
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 36th IAMSLIC Annual Conference / 2nd Latin American Regional Group
Meeting
CY OCT 17-21, 2010
CL Inst Nacl Investigac & Desarrollo Pesquero, Mar del Plata, ARGENTINA
SP ProQuest, InterResearch Sci Ctr, EBSCOHOST, CeDePesca, Thomson Reuters, Elsevier, Ann Review, Clearwater Glaciar Pesquera SA, CEPA, Sociedad Patrones Pescadores, Revista Redes, Argentina Travel, Mar del Plata Convent & Visitors Bur, Municipal Mar del Plata, Argentina Minist Turismo
HO Inst Nacl Investigac & Desarrollo Pesquero
DE marine mammals; fur seals; NOAA; digital archives
AB NOAA's National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) Library houses an archive documenting the northern fur seal research program that has been ongoing for over a century on the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea, as well as including information on commercial and subsistence harvests, and utilization by the Pribilof Island people. The archive includes research materials, photos, correspondence, and documents relating to the research and commercial harvest of northern fur seals on the Pribilof Islands. Archive materials and documents were generated by the various U.S. government agencies responsible for managing northern fur seal populations. Since 1970 this responsibility has been held by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service. Also included are materials from related organizations such as the International North Pacific Fur Seal Commission (INPFSC). The archive is a repository for current research output and is used locally for historic research, but online access to the public was previously limited to a brief paragraph describing the collection on the NMML Library home page. A web page to provide access to the NMML Fur Seal Archive was developed in 2010. The NMML Fur Seal Archive page now provides access to an extensive finding aid with links to the full-text of some of the majordocument series and other archive documents, as well as related publications. Moving forward, additional archive materials will be digitized and links to relevant materials and resources on the northern fur seal will be added.
C1 [Kromann, Sonja] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab Lib, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Kromann, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab Lib, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM Sonja.Kromann@noaa.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER
PI FORT PIERCE
PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA
PY 2011
BP 39
EP 44
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Fisheries; Information Science &
Library Science
SC Computer Science; Fisheries; Information Science & Library Science
GA BG9UQ
UT WOS:000393921700005
ER
PT B
AU Frick, B
Neumann, D
AF Frick, Bernhard
Neumann, Dan
BE Imae, T
Kanaya, T
Furusaka, M
Torikai, N
TI Instrumentation - Quasielastic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering -
Neutron Backscattering
SO NEUTRONS IN SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; NIST CENTER; RESOLUTION;
SPECTROSCOPY; DESIGN; IN16
C1 [Frick, Bernhard] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
[Neumann, Dan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Frick, B (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, BP 156X, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-470-93387-9; 978-0-470-40252-8
PY 2011
BP 183
EP 202
D2 10.1002/9780470933886
PG 20
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA BA6II
UT WOS:000337150500009
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, RB
Kroeger, EL
Carter, CS
Reichert, WL
Rust, MB
AF Johnson, Ronald B.
Kroeger, Eric L.
Carter, Cameron S.
Reichert, William L.
Rust, Michael B.
TI Transitioning Coho Salmon Broodstock to a Docosahexaenoic Acid
(DHA)-Rich Diet during Vitellogenesis: Effects on Egg Composition and
Embryo and Fry Quality
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TELEOST FISH; LIPIDS;
NUTRITION; FOOD; TERM
AB Female coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were fed one of two broodstock diets during vitellogenesis to evaluate the contribution of dietary lipids to egg lipids and to assess any embryo or fry quality differences that were attributable to treatment. The diets contained lipids with different fatty acid profiles and carbon stable isotope signatures (delta(13)C). Diets were formulated by top-dressing a low-fat salmon broodstock feed with either sardine oil (fish oil feed) or an algal oil-corn oil blend (algal oil feed). The added oils were balanced for total n-3 fatty acid content but contained markedly different levels of linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Analysis of delta(13)C revealed that dietary lipids were significantly incorporated into egg lipids during vitellogenesis and that polar and neutral lipid fractions were equally affected. Eggs of fish in the algal oil treatment group had significantly higher levels of DHA and significantly lower protein content than the eggs of fish in the fish oil treatment group. Embryo survival and fry survival and growth were similar between the two treatment groups. Eggs from the algal oil treatment additionally had higher levels of LA, and there was evidence of direct elongation of LA to eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6]) and bioconversion of LA to arachidonic acid by the fish. Results from this experiment demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the DHA content of egg lipids in cultured salmonids without a concomitant decrease in egg or fry quality. The proposed enrichment would allow for the production of a value-added, high-DHA product for the cured roe market without reducing the value of eggs that are destined for the hatchery market.
C1 [Johnson, Ronald B.; Kroeger, Eric L.; Rust, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Johnson, Ronald B.] Univ Idaho, Sch Food Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
[Carter, Cameron S.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA.
[Reichert, William L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM ronald.b.johnson@noaa.gov
NR 32
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 4
BP 409
EP 417
DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.623942
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 847OS
UT WOS:000296982900005
ER
PT J
AU Colt, J
Momoda, T
Chitwood, R
Fornshell, G
Schreck, C
AF Colt, John
Momoda, Tracey
Chitwood, Rob
Fornshell, Gary
Schreck, Carl
TI Water Quality in Tilapia Transport: From the Farm to the Retail Store
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; PLASMA-CORTISOL; NILE
FISH; PH; STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; TOLERANCE; EXPOSURE; WALLEYES
AB Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus are routinely transported 1,200-1,400 km from Idaho to live markets in the greater Vancouver, British Columbia, area. Direct hauling mortality is typically very low, but significant economic losses occur during retail holding owing to a deterioration in physical appearance that results in fish that cannot be sold and their subsequent mortality. To address this problem, information was collected on hauling systems and protocols, holding systems and water management protocols, and water quality in the retail holding systems. During hauling, fish are exposed to high levels of dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and bacteria. The transfer of fish from hauling systems to retail holding systems can subject them to rapid changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH. Problem areas in retail holding include low water temperatures, high un-ionized ammonia concentrations, and elevated levels of gas supersaturation. Determination of the causes of high mortality in transportation and retail holding is difficult to clearly identify because of sampling difficulties and commercial restrictions; improvements in hauling protocols may depend on simulated hauling experiments followed by commercial verification.
C1 [Colt, John] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Momoda, Tracey; Chitwood, Rob; Schreck, Carl] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Fornshell, Gary] Univ Idaho Extens, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA.
RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM john.colt@noaa.gov
FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the
National Institute for Food and Agriculture) [2008-38500-19230]
FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center
Grant2008-38500-19230 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the
National Institute for Food and Agriculture).
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1522-2055
J9 N AM J AQUACULT
JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult.
PY 2011
VL 73
IS 4
BP 426
EP 434
DI 10.1080/15222055.2011.629946
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 847OS
UT WOS:000296982900007
ER
PT J
AU Madenjian, CP
Rutherford, ES
Blouin, MA
Sederberg, BJ
Elliott, JR
AF Madenjian, Charles P.
Rutherford, Edward S.
Blouin, Marc A.
Sederberg, Bryan J.
Elliott, Jeff R.
TI Spawning Habitat Unsuitability: An Impediment to Cisco Rehabilitation in
Lake Michigan?
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; LOWER FOX RIVER; FISH COMMUNITY; FOOD-WEB;
SUPERIOR; EPHEMEROPTERA; EPHEMERIDAE; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS
AB The cisco Coregonus artedi was one of the most important native prey fishes in Lake Michigan and in the other four Laurentian Great Lakes. Most of the cisco spawning in Lake Michigan was believed to have occurred in Green Bay. The cisco population in Lake Michigan collapsed during the 1950s, and the collapse was attributed in part to habitat degradation within Green Bay. Winter water quality surveys of lower Green Bay during the 1950s and 1960s indicated that the bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was less than 2 mg/L throughout much of the lower bay, and most cisco eggs would not successfully hatch at such low DO concentrations. To determine present-day spawning habitat suitability in lower Green Bay, we compared cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay with survival at a reference site (St. Marys River, Michigan-Ontario) during 2009. We also conducted winter water quality surveys in lower Green Bay and the St. Marys River during 2009 and 2010. Cisco egg survival in lower Green Bay averaged 65.3%, which was remarkably similar to and not significantly different from the mean at the St. Marys River site (64.0%). Moreover, the lowest bottom DO concentrations recorded during the winter surveys were 11.2 mg/L in lower Green Bay and 12.7 mg/L in the St. Marys River. These relatively high DO concentrations would not be expected to have any negative effect on cisco egg survival. We conclude that winter water quality conditions in lower Green Bay were suitable for successful hatching of cisco eggs and that water quality during the egg incubation period did not represent an impediment to cisco rehabilitation in Lake Michigan. Our approach to determining spawning habitat suitability for coregonids would be applicable to other aquatic systems.
C1 [Madenjian, Charles P.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Rutherford, Edward S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Blouin, Marc A.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Sederberg, Bryan J.] Enbridge Energy, Marshall, MI 49068 USA.
[Elliott, Jeff R.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Madenjian, CP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
EM cmadenjian@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FX We thank the Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority biologists and MDNR
biologists who captured adult ciscoes from the St. Marys River. We are
also grateful to Martha Wolgamood (Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery) for
advice and assistance; Matt Hughes and Scott Zajac (Wolf Lake State Fish
Hatchery) for hatchery assistance; Peter Boma for piloting the airboat
and assisting in the field; Jeff Allen and Glen Black for scuba diving
efforts during egg retrieval; Jon Molenhouse, Brandon Spude, Michael
Fainter, and David Sena for dedicated efforts in the winter water
quality survey work; Geoffrey Steinhart and his graduate students at
Lake Superior State University for winter water quality survey work at
the St. Marys River site; and Christine Joseph, Minako Kimura Edgar, and
Lacey Mason for GIS assistance. We appreciate the storage space and
logistical support provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Green
Bay Fishery Resources Office (New Franken, Wisconsin). Harold Mohr
kindly provided winter access to the St. Marys River site. Doran Mason
and Craig Stow reviewed the draft manuscript and made helpful
suggestions for its improvement. Use of trade, product, or firm names
does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This research was
funded by a Great Lakes Fish and Wildlife Restoration Act grant (U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service) to E. S. R and C. P. M. This article is
Contribution Number 1656 of the U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes
Science Center and is Contribution Number 1595 of the Great Lakes
Environmental Research Laboratory.
NR 40
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PY 2011
VL 31
IS 5
BP 905
EP 913
DI 10.1080/02755947.2011.632065
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 847OY
UT WOS:000296983500011
ER
PT J
AU Ilicak, M
Legg, S
Adcroft, A
Hallberg, R
AF Ilicak, Mehmet
Legg, Sonya
Adcroft, Alistair
Hallberg, Robert
TI Dynamics of a dense gravity current flowing over a corrugation
SO OCEAN MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Overflow; Mixing; Canyon; Ridge; Gravity current
ID IDEALIZED NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BOTTOM WATER FORMATION; BANK CHANNEL
OVERFLOW; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SOUTHERN WEDDELL SEA; SUBMARINE
CANYONS; SLOPING BOTTOM; EXCHANGE FLOWS; DENMARK STRAIT; MODEL
AB In this study, we investigate the dynamics of a dense gravity currents over different sizes of ridges and canyons. We employ a high resolution idealized isopycnal model and perform a large number of experiments changing the aspect ratio of a ridge/canyon, the Coriolis parameter, the reduced gravity, the background slope and initial overflow thickness. The control run (smooth topography) is in an eddy-regime and the frequencies of the eddies coincide with those of the Filchner overflow (Darelius et al., 2009). Our idealized corrugation experiments show that corrugations steer the plume downslope, and that ridges are more effective than canyons in transporting the overflow to the deep ocean. We find that a corrugation Burger number (Bu-c) can be used as a parameter to describe the flow over topography. Bu-c is a combination of a Froude number and the aspect ratio. The maximum downslope transport of a corrugation can be increased when the height of the corrugation increases (Bu-c increases) or when the width of the corrugation decreases (Bu-c increases).
In addition, we propose a new parameterization of mixing as a function of Bu-c that can be used to account for unresolved shear in coarse resolution models. The new parameterization captures the increased local shear, thus increasing the turbulent kinetic energy and decreasing the gradient Richardson number. We find reasonable agreement in the overflow thickness and transport between the models with this parameterization and the high resolution models. We conclude that mixing effects of corrugations can be implemented as unresolved shear in an eddy diffusivity formulation and this parameterization can be used in coarse resolution models. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ilicak, Mehmet; Legg, Sonya; Adcroft, Alistair] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Ilicak, M (reprint author), 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM mehmet.ilicak@noaa.gov
RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; ILICAK, Mehmet/H-2219-2011; Legg,
Sonya/E-5995-2010
OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; ILICAK,
Mehmet/0000-0002-4777-8835;
NR 41
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U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1463-5003
J9 OCEAN MODEL
JI Ocean Model.
PY 2011
VL 38
IS 1-2
BP 71
EP 84
DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2011.02.004
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 768YE
UT WOS:000290975000004
ER
PT J
AU Xie, LA
Liu, HQ
Liu, B
Bao, SW
AF Xie, Lian
Liu, Huiqing
Bin Liu
Bao, Shaowu
TI A numerical study of the effect of hurricane wind asymmetry on storm
surge and inundation
SO OCEAN MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Storm surge; Inundation; Wind asymmetry; Hurricane Floyd
ID ANDREW LANDFALL; SOUTH FLORIDA; MODEL; SCHEME; FIELDS
AB The influence of the asymmetric structure of hurricane wind field on storm surge is studied with five types of numerical experiments using a three-dimensional storm surge model. The results from the case of Hurricane Floyd (1999) show that Floyd-induced peak surge would have been much higher had the region of maximum wind rotated 30-90 degrees counterclockwise. The idealized cases (the hypothetical hurricanes) with a wind speed asymmetry of 20 m s(-1) show that the peak (negative) surge varied from 4.7 to 6.0 m (-5 to -5.7 m) or equivalent to -8.8% and 16.3% (2.8% and -10.4%) differences as compared to the control experiment. The area of flooding varied from 3552 to 3660 km(2). The results from two other idealized cases of varying degree of wind speed asymmetry further show that with decreasing (increasing) asymmetry of wind fields, the variations of peak surge and peak negative surge caused by the rotation of wind fields decrease (increase) accordingly. The results suggest that in storm surge simulations forced by winds derived from balanced models, considerable uncertainty in storm surge and inundation can result from wind asymmetries. This is true even if all other storm parameters, including maximum wind speed, the radius of maximum winds (storm size), minimum central pressure, storm translation speed, drag coefficient, and model settings (domain size and resolution) are identical. Thus, when constructing ensemble and probabilistic storm surge forecasts, uncertainty in wind asymmetry should be considered in conjunction with variations in storm track, storm intensity and size. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xie, Lian; Liu, Huiqing; Bin Liu] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Bao, Shaowu] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Bao, Shaowu] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Xie, LA (reprint author), NCSU MEAS, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM xie@ncsu.edu; hliu@ncsu.edu
RI Liu, Bin/M-6709-2013
OI Liu, Bin/0000-0003-1858-190X
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [UF-EIES-0704029-NCS];
University of Florida
FX This study is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Grant #UF-EIES-0704029-NCS via a subcontract from the
University of Florida. We thank Katie Costa for providing proofreading.
We also appreciate the comments of two anonymous reviewers and editor.
NR 22
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1463-5003
J9 OCEAN MODEL
JI Ocean Model.
PY 2011
VL 36
IS 1-2
BP 71
EP 79
DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.10.001
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 715EU
UT WOS:000286864200005
ER
PT J
AU Stark, J
Gorman, J
Hennessey, M
Reseghetti, F
Willis, J
Lyman, J
Abraham, J
Borghini, M
AF Stark, J.
Gorman, J.
Hennessey, M.
Reseghetti, F.
Willis, J.
Lyman, J.
Abraham, J.
Borghini, M.
TI A computational method for determining XBT depths
SO OCEAN SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH XBT; FALL-RATE; PIPE-FLOW; TURBULENCE
MODELS; T-7 XBT; TEMPERATURE; LAMINAR; SIPPICAN; EQUATION; TSK
AB A new technique for determining the depth of expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) is developed. This new method uses a forward-stepping calculation which incorporates all of the forces on the XBT devices during their descent. Of particular note are drag forces which are calculated using a new drag coefficient expression. That expression, obtained entirely from computational fluid dynamic modeling, accounts for local variations in the ocean environment. Consequently, the method allows for accurate determination of depths for any local temperature environment. The results, which are entirely based on numerical simulation, are compared with the experiments of LM Sippican T-5 XBT probes. It is found that the calculated depths differ by less than 3% from depth estimates using the standard fall-rate equation (FRE). Furthermore, the differences decrease with depth. The computational model allows an investigation of the fluid flow patterns along the outer surface of the probe as well as in the interior channel. The simulations take account of complex flow phenomena such as laminar-turbulent transition and flow separation.
C1 [Stark, J.; Gorman, J.; Hennessey, M.; Abraham, J.] Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
[Reseghetti, F.] UTMAR OSS, ENEA, I-19032 Forte S Teresa, Pozzuolo Di Ler, Italy.
[Willis, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Lyman, J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Borghini, M.] CNR ISMAR, I-19032 Forte S Teresa, Pozzuolo Di Ler, Italy.
RP Abraham, J (reprint author), Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA.
EM jpabraham@stthomas.edu
RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014;
OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Gorman, John/0000-0003-4046-7847
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 4
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1812-0784
J9 OCEAN SCI
JI Ocean Sci.
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 6
BP 733
EP 743
DI 10.5194/os-7-733-2011
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography
GA 867YS
UT WOS:000298491300001
ER
PT J
AU Moustahfid, H
Potemra, J
Goldstein, P
Mendelssohn, R
DesRochers, A
AF Moustahfid, Hassan
Potemra, Jim
Goldstein, Philip
Mendelssohn, Roy
DesRochers, Annette
GP IEEE
TI Making United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS)
Inclusive of Marine Biological Resources
SO OCEANS 2011
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference
CY SEP 19-22, 2011
CL Kona, HI
SP Marine Technol Soc (MTS), IEEE, OES
DE component; Biological observations; Observing Systems; Bioinformatics
AB An important Data Management and Communication (DMAC) goal is to enable a multi-disciplinary view of the ocean environment by facilitating discovery and integration of data from various sources, projects and scientific domains. United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS) DMAC functional requirements are based upon guidelines for standardized data access services, data formats, metadata, controlled vocabularies, and other conventions. So far, the data integration effort has focused on geophysical U.S. IOOS core variables such as temperature, salinity, ocean currents, etc. The IOOS Biological Observations Project is addressing the DMAC requirements that pertain to biological observations standards and interoperability applicable to U. S. IOOS and to various observing systems. Biological observations are highly heterogeneous and the variety of formats, logical structures, and sampling methods create significant challenges. Here we describe an informatics framework for biological observing data (e. g. species presence/absence and abundance data) that will expand information content and reconcile standards for the representation and integration of these biological observations for users to maximize the value of these observing data. We further propose that the approach described can be applied to other datasets generated in scientific observing surveys and will provide a vehicle for wider dissemination of biological observing data. We propose to employ data definition conventions that are well understood in U.S. IOOS and to combine these with ratified terminologies, policies and guidelines.
C1 [Moustahfid, Hassan] NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA.
[Potemra, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Pacif Isl Ocean Observing Syst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Goldstein, Philip] USGS, Ocean Biogeograph Informat Syst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
[Mendelssohn, Roy] NOAA, S W Fisherise Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 95060 USA.
[DesRochers, Annette] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA.
RP Moustahfid, H (reprint author), NOAA US Integrated Ocean Observing Syst, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA.
EM hassan.moustahfid@noaa.gov
FU U.S. IOOS
FX This workshop was supported by U.S. IOOS. We thank the IOOS BDP team who
all contributed to the success of this work.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-0-933957-39-8
PY 2011
PG 9
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BYJ22
UT WOS:000299005800031
ER
PT J
AU Carey, MP
Wahl, DH
AF Carey, Michael P.
Wahl, David H.
TI Fish diversity as a determinant of ecosystem properties across multiple
trophic levels
SO OIKOS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER FOOD WEBS; SPECIES RICHNESS; CURRENT KNOWLEDGE; BIODIVERSITY;
PRODUCTIVITY; COMMUNITY; CONSEQUENCES; ZOOPLANKTON; COMPETITION; BIOMASS
AB Biodiversity has been established as a potential determinant of function in many ecosystems; however, previous research has mostly focused on primary producers and effects at a single trophic level. A broader perspective that considers multiple components of food webs is necessary to understand natural systems. In particular, consumer diversity needs to be more thoroughly examined as trophic interactions and indirect effects can alter ecosystem properties. We test the potential for consumer diversity (fish richness and composition) to govern food web dynamics at two levels of environmental complexity (mesocosms and experimental ponds) and explore the consequences of removing individual species of fish on lower trophic levels. In mesocosms, both the richness and density of zooplankton were reduced when more fish species were present. No effects from the fish treatments were found on phytoplankton, but phosphorus levels increased with higher fish richness. Removing either generalist or specialist fish species increased the richness and density of zooplankton and the amount of phytoplankton, whereas all fish species had redundant effects on nutrients. In ponds, a dominant fish species (specialist shiner) determined the richness and density of zooplankton. In contrast, phytoplankton and nutrients were reduced by higher fish richness in the fall and spring. Overall, the specialist shiner had unique effects on the pond food web suggesting the key to understanding function is the presence of a dominant species and their biological interactions. Differences between mesocosms and ponds are likely due to increased heterogeneity of resources in the ponds allowing species to specialize on different prey. Our study links the biodiversity ecosystem function paradigm with food web concepts to improve predictions for conservation and management actions in response to changes in biodiversity.
C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Carey, Michael P.; Wahl, David H.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM michael.p.carey@noaa.gov
RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0608256]; National Academy of Sciences
FX We thank the staff at the Kaskaskia and Sam Parr Biological Stations,
Illinois Natural History Survey, especially K. Schnake, E. Born, K.
Mann, A. Larson, E. Smolik, K. Whitlock, P. Port, J. Godbout and M.
Diana for help in the field and with sample processing. This work was
supported by the National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation
Improvement Grant DEB-0608256 and a Grant-In-Aid of Research from the
National Academy of Sciences, administered by Sigma Xi, The Scientific
Research Society. All procedures conformed to the Univ. of Illinois
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and comply with the current
laws of the U. S. Reviews by J. Brawn, C. Caceres and K. Paige
substantially improved the manuscript.
NR 49
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 36
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0030-1299
J9 OIKOS
JI Oikos
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 120
IS 1
BP 84
EP 94
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18352.x
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 695QX
UT WOS:000285388800010
ER
PT J
AU Simecek-Beatty, D
AF Simecek-Beatty, Debra
BE Fingas, M
TI Oil Spill Trajectory Forecasting Uncertainty and Emergency Response
SO OIL SPILL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND CLEANUP
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SIMULATIONS; SEA; PREDICTIONS
C1 NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Simecek-Beatty, D (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
NR 43
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU GULF PROFESSIONAL PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA C/O ELSEVIER LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, 0X2 8DP, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-85617-944-7
PY 2011
BP 275
EP 299
DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10011-5
PG 25
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BGM65
UT WOS:000323513500012
ER
PT B
AU Shigenaka, G
AF Shigenaka, Gary
BE Fingas, M
TI Effects of Oil in the Environment
SO OIL SPILL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND CLEANUP
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SALMON
ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL;
FISH EMBRYOS; LOW-LEVEL; TOXICITY; SPILL; PETROLEUM
C1 [Shigenaka, Gary] NOAA, ERD, Seattle, WA USA.
[Shigenaka, Gary] Knauss Sea Grant Policy, Washington, DC USA.
RP Shigenaka, G (reprint author), NOAA, ERD, Seattle, WA USA.
NR 83
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU GULF PROFESSIONAL PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA C/O ELSEVIER LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, 0X2 8DP, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-85617-944-7; 978-1-85617-943-0
PY 2011
BP 985
EP 1024
DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10027-9
PG 40
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BGM65
UT WOS:000323513500028
ER
PT J
AU Yender, R
Stanzel, K
AF Yender, Ruth
Stanzel, Katharina
BE Fingas, M
TI Tanker SOLAR 1 Oil Spill, Guimaras, Philippines: Impacts and Response
Challenges
SO OIL SPILL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: PREVENTION, RESPONSE, AND CLEANUP
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Yender, Ruth] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Yender, R (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU GULF PROFESSIONAL PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA C/O ELSEVIER LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, 0X2 8DP, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-85617-944-7
PY 2011
BP 1133
EP 1146
DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-943-0.10038-3
PG 14
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BGM65
UT WOS:000323513500039
ER
PT J
AU Stanford, BD
Pisarenko, AN
Holbrook, RD
Snyder, SA
AF Stanford, Benjamin D.
Pisarenko, Aleksey N.
Holbrook, R. David
Snyder, Shane A.
TI Preozonation Effects on the Reduction of Reverse Osmosis Membrane
Fouling in Water Reuse
SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Ozone; Membranes; Reuse; Reverse Osmosis; Organic Matter; Fouling
ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; WASTE-WATER; SURFACE-WATER; SECONDARY EFFLUENT;
DRINKING-WATER; LOW-PRESSURE; NOM; ULTRAFILTRATION; OXIDATION; OZONATION
AB The purpose of this bench-top study was to demonstrate the feasibility and effect of applying ozone and ozone/peroxide upstream of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes as a means of controlling organic fouling during reuse applications. A series of ozone or ozone/peroxide doses was applied to surface water and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) filtrate using a HiPOx (R) reactor skid, with ozone-to-dissolved organic carbon ratios of approximately 0.25 to 1.75. Results from the flat-sheet testing indicate that both ozoneand ozone/peroxide-treated waters, even at the lowest ozone dose of 1.5 mg/L, fouled the membranes less than the MBR filtrate and surface control waters while both treated and control waters maintained consistent levels of salt rejection throughout the tests.
C1 [Stanford, Benjamin D.] Hazen & Sawyer PC, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
[Stanford, Benjamin D.; Pisarenko, Aleksey N.; Snyder, Shane A.] So Nevada Water Author, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA.
[Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Snyder, Shane A.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Stanford, BD (reprint author), Hazen & Sawyer PC, 4011 Westchase Blvd,Suite 500, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.
EM bstanford@hazenandsawyer.com
RI Snyder, Shane/A-3302-2011; Pisarenko, Aleksey/B-6816-2015
OI Snyder, Shane/0000-0003-2709-9840; Pisarenko,
Aleksey/0000-0001-5287-8219
FU WateReuse Foundation [WRF-08-08]; Hydranautics; APTwater
FX The authors wish to thank Sarper Sarp (GIST, Korea) and Ludwig Kim
(Texas A&M) for their assistance in setting up the RO flat sheet systems
and for performing the initial tests on Colorado River Water. The
authors also thank the mangers, operators, and laboratory personnel at
the City of Las Vegas and Clark County Water Reclamation Facilities.
Other individuals at SNWA have been highly helpful in this study
including Janie Zeigler, Beck Trenholm, Brett Vanderford, Sujanie
Gamage, Dongxu Yan, Mark Benotti, and Dan Gerrity. We also appreciate
the comments of the anonymous reviewers of this manuscript. Support for
this research has been provided by the WateReuse Foundation Tailored
Collaboration Program, Project number WRF-08-08, and many utility and
industry partners including Hydranautics and APTwater.
NR 37
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0191-9512
J9 OZONE-SCI ENG
JI Ozone-Sci. Eng.
PY 2011
VL 33
IS 5
BP 379
EP 388
DI 10.1080/01919512.2011.607385
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 835GA
UT WOS:000296022600005
ER
PT B
AU Brooks, KN
Ffolliott, PF
Guertin, DP
Lu, SY
Neiber, JL
Predmore, SR
Barten, PK
AF Brooks, Kenneth N.
Ffolliott, Peter F.
Guertin, D. Phillip
Lu, Shiang-Yue
Neiber, John L.
Predmore, Steve R.
Barten, Paul K.
BE Kolka, RK
Sebestyen, SD
Verry, ES
Brooks, KN
TI Multiple Resource and Hydrologic Models for Peatland-Upland Forests of
the Northern Lake States
SO PEATLAND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND WATERSHED HYDROLOGY AT THE MARCELL
EXPERIMENTAL FOREST
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID MINNESOTA; ENERGY
C1 [Brooks, Kenneth N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Ffolliott, Peter F.; Guertin, D. Phillip] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Lu, Shiang-Yue] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Neiber, John L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Predmore, Steve R.] NOAA, Missouri Basin River Forecast Ctr, Omaha, NE USA.
[Barten, Paul K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Brooks, KN (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
NR 52
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP
PI BOCA RATON
PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA
BN 978-1-4398-1425-3; 978-1-4398-1424-6
PY 2011
BP 459
EP 479
PG 21
WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry
GA BC9LR
UT WOS:000356611000019
ER
PT J
AU Becker, CA
Tavazza, F
Levine, LE
AF Becker, C. A.
Tavazza, F.
Levine, L. E.
TI Implications of the choice of interatomic potential on calculated planar
faults and surface properties in nickel
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE atomistic simulation; computer modeling; computer simulation;
deformation properties; first-principles calculations; interatomic
potential; molecular dynamic simulations; nickel
ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; FCC METALS;
NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
FREE-ENERGIES; AL; SIMULATIONS; ELEMENTS
AB With the increasing use of molecular simulation to understand deformation mechanisms in transition metals, it is important to assess how well the simulations reproduce physical behavior both near equilibrium and under more extreme conditions. In particular, it is important to examine whether simulations predict unusual deformation paths that are competitive with those experimentally observed. In this work we compare generalized planar fault energy landscapes and surface energies for various interatomic potentials with those from density functional theory calculations to examine how well these more complicated planar faults and surface energies are captured and whether any deformations are energetically competitive with the {111} < 112 > slip observed in FCC crystals. To do this we examine not just the (111) fault orientation, but also the (100), (110), (210), (211), (311), and (331) orientations to test behavior outside of the fitting range of the interatomic potentials. We find that the shape of the (111)[11 (2) over bar] stacking fault energy curve varies significantly with potential, with the ratio of unstable to stable stacking fault energies ranging from 1.22 to 14.07, and some deformation paths for non-(111) orientations give activation barriers less than 50% higher than the unstable stacking fault energies. These are important considerations when choosing an interatomic potential for deformation simulations.
C1 [Becker, C. A.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM cbecker@nist.gov
NR 55
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 14
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1478-6435
EI 1478-6443
J9 PHILOS MAG
JI Philos. Mag.
PY 2011
VL 91
IS 27
BP 3578
EP 3597
DI 10.1080/14786435.2011.587839
PG 20
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 869FN
UT WOS:000298582600003
ER
PT J
AU McGillen, MR
Archibald, AT
Carey, T
Leather, KE
Shallcross, DE
Wenger, JC
Percival, CJ
AF McGillen, Max R.
Archibald, Alex T.
Carey, Trevor
Leather, Kimberley E.
Shallcross, Dudley E.
Wenger, John C.
Percival, Carl J.
TI Structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the prediction of gas-phase
ozonolysis rate coefficients: an extension towards heteroatomic
unsaturated species
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POSSIBLE INSECT ATTRACTANTS; RATE CONSTANTS;
NO3 RADICALS; OH; O-3; OZONE; ALKENES; ATMOSPHERE; HYDROXYL
AB Heteroatomic unsaturated volatile organic compounds (HUVOCs) are common trace components of the atmosphere, yet their diverse chemical behaviour presents difficulties for predicting their oxidation kinetics using structure-activity relationships (SARs). An existing SAR is adapted to help meet this challenge, enabling the prediction of ozonolysis rates with unprecedented accuracy. The new SAR index, x(H), correlates strongly with available literature measurements of ozonolysis rate coefficients (R(2) = 0.87), a database representing 110 species. It was found that capturing the inductive effect rather than the steric effect is of primary importance in predicting the reactivity of these species, which is to be anticipated since HUVOCs can possess a variety of functional groups with a range of electron-withdrawing and donating tendencies. New experimental measurements of ozonolysis rate coefficients were conducted for 1-penten-3-ol, 3-methyl; ethene, 1,1-dimethoxy; E-2-pentenoic acid; E-1,2-dichloroethene; Z-1,2-dichloroethene; trichloroethene; tetrachloroethene; 1-butene, 3-chloro and 2-chloropropene, and were determined to be 5.15 x 10(-18), 4.82 x 10(-16), 3.07 x 10(-18), 8.05 x 10(-20), 4.88 x 10(-21), 6.04 x 10(-22), 1.56 x 10(-24), 2.26 x 10(-18) and 1.13 x 10(-19) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively. The index of the inductive effect, i(H), is compared with other indices of the electron-withdrawing capacity of a substitution, notably the Taft sigma* constants and the rate of reaction of a given species with the hydroxyl radical, both of which are expected to be unaffected by steric factors. i(H) correlates strongly in both cases and suggests a universal response by olefinic species towards electrophilic addition.
C1 [McGillen, Max R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Archibald, Alex T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Carey, Trevor; Wenger, John C.] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland.
[Carey, Trevor; Wenger, John C.] Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland.
[Leather, Kimberley E.; Percival, Carl J.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Shallcross, Dudley E.] Univ Bristol, Biogeochem Res Ctr, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
RP McGillen, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Wenger, John/F-6662-2010; McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Percival,
Carl/B-9353-2012;
OI Wenger, John/0000-0002-4109-976X; McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985;
Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; percival,
carl/0000-0003-2525-160X
NR 36
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 19
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 7
BP 2842
EP 2849
DI 10.1039/c0cp01732a
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 715NF
UT WOS:000286890500047
PM 21152651
ER
PT J
AU Casavecchia, P
Brouard, M
Costes, M
Nesbitt, D
Bieske, E
Kable, S
AF Casavecchia, Piergiorgio
Brouard, Mark
Costes, Michel
Nesbitt, David
Bieske, Evan
Kable, Scott
TI Molecular collision dynamics
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Casavecchia, Piergiorgio] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
[Brouard, Mark] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England.
[Costes, Michel] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5255, Inst Mol Sci, F-33405 Talence, France.
[Nesbitt, David] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bieske, Evan] Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
[Kable, Scott] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Casavecchia, P (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Chim, Via Elce Dio Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
EM piero@dyn.unipg.it; mark.brouard@chem.ox.ac.uk;
m.costes@ism.u-bordeaux1.fr; djn@jila.colorado.edu;
evanjb@unimelb.edu.au; scott.kable@sydney.edu.au
RI Brouard, Mark/A-3106-2013; Casavecchia, Piergiorgio/F-4175-2014;
OI Casavecchia, Piergiorgio/0000-0003-1934-7891; Bieske,
Evan/0000-0003-1848-507X
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 10
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 18
BP 8073
EP 8074
DI 10.1039/c1cp90049h
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 755RO
UT WOS:000289954300001
PM 21487595
ER
PT J
AU Ma, XF
Chakraborty, P
Henz, BJ
Zachariah, MR
AF Ma, Xiaofei
Chakraborty, Purnendu
Henz, Brian J.
Zachariah, Michael R.
TI Molecular dynamic simulation of dicarboxylic acid coated aqueous
aerosol: structure and processing of water vapor
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONDENSATION COEFFICIENT; LIQUID/VAPOR INTERFACE; AIR/WATER INTERFACE;
ORGANIC AEROSOLS; SURFACE-TENSION; HYDROPHOBICITY; NANOAEROSOLS;
EVAPORATION; ACTIVATION; PARTICLES
AB Organic monolayers at the surfaces of aqueous aerosols play an important role in determining the mass, heat transfer rate and surface reactivity of atmospheric aerosols. They can potentially contribute to the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are involved in a series of chemical reactions occurring in atmosphere. Recent studies even suggest that organic-coated interfaces could have played some role in prebiotic biochemistry and the origin of life. However, creating reproducible, well-characterized aqueous aerosol particles coated with organic films is an experimental challenge. This opens the opportunity for computer simulations and modeling of these complex structures. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation was used to probe the structure and the interfacial properties of the dicarboxylic acid coated aqueous aerosol. Low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids of various chain lengths and water solubility were chosen to coat a water droplet consisting of 2440 water molecules. For malonic acid coated aerosol, the surface acid molecules dissolved into the water core and formed an ordered structure due to the hydrophobic interactions. The acid and the water are separated inside the aerosol. For other nanoaerosols coated with low solubility acids, phase separation between water and acid molecules was observed on the surface of the particle. To study the water processing of the coated aerosols, the water vapor accommodation factors were calculated.
C1 [Ma, Xiaofei; Chakraborty, Purnendu; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Ma, Xiaofei; Chakraborty, Purnendu; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Henz, Brian J.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM mrz@umd.edu
RI Ma, Xiaofei/B-3569-2011; Chakraborty, Purnendu/E-8502-2011
FU National Science Foundation; National Institute of Standards and
Technology
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of a National Science
Foundation-NIRT grant and the National Institute of Standards and
Technology.
NR 36
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 5
U2 42
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 20
BP 9374
EP 9384
DI 10.1039/c0cp01923b
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 759FA
UT WOS:000290224900038
PM 21479309
ER
PT J
AU McGillen, MR
Ghalaieny, M
Percival, CJ
AF McGillen, Max R.
Ghalaieny, Mohamed
Percival, Carl J.
TI Determination of gas-phase ozonolysis rate coefficients of C8-14
terminal alkenes at elevated temperatures using the relative rate method
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RATE CONSTANTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; OZONE; O-3
AB The rates of ozonolysis of a suite of terminal alkenes ranging from C8-14 are determined in the gas phase at an elevated temperature of 395.9 +/- 1.2 K and a pressure of similar to 650 Torr using the EXTreme RAnge chamber (EXTRA). Rates are found to be invariant with carbon number, whilst literature measurements conducted under ambient conditions exhibited an increase in rate coefficient after 10 carbon atoms. These earlier findings appear to contradict the intuitive notion that the inductive effect is a short-range process operating over a maximum distance of a few carbon atoms. These new measurements support the hypothesis that operating under ambient conditions, kinetic measurements of condensable species can be influenced adversely by heterogeneous processes and should therefore be treated with caution.
C1 [McGillen, Max R.; Ghalaieny, Mohamed; Percival, Carl J.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP McGillen, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM max.mcgillen@noaa.gov
RI McGillen, Max/G-5196-2011; Percival, Carl/B-9353-2012;
OI McGillen, Max/0000-0002-1623-5985; percival, carl/0000-0003-2525-160X
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 23
BP 10965
EP 10969
DI 10.1039/c0cp02643c
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 770UE
UT WOS:000291113200013
PM 21431192
ER
PT J
AU Lineberger, WC
Borden, WT
AF Lineberger, W. Carl
Borden, Weston Thatcher
TI The synergy between qualitative theory, quantitative calculations, and
direct experiments in understanding, calculating, and measuring the
energy differences between the lowest singlet and triplet states of
organic diradicals
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; LASER PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROMETRY; LOW-LYING
TRIPLET; MOLECULAR PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROMETRY; NON-KEKULE MOLECULES;
GROUND-STATE; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; RADICAL-ANION; NEGATIVE-ION;
TRANSITION-STATE
AB This perspective describes research, carried out in the authors' labs over the past forty years, aimed at understanding, predicting, and measuring the singlet-triplet energy differences (Delta E-ST) in diradicals. A theory for qualitatively predicting the ground states of diradicals and the use of Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NIPES) for measuring Delta EST are described. The application of this theory, ab initio calculations, and NIPES to the prediction and measurement of Delta EST in a wide variety of organic diradicals is detailed. Among the diradicals that are discussed in this perspective are HN, CH3N, PhN, CH2, trimethylenemethane (TMM), oxyallyl (OXA), meta-benzoquinodimethane (MBQDM), meta-benzoquinone (MBQ), tetramethyleneethane (TME), 1,2,4,5-tetramethylenebenzene (TMB), and D-8h cyclooctatetraene (COT). All of these diradicals have been studied in one and, in most cases, in both of the authors' laboratories. The studies of OXA and D-8h COT were, in fact, collaborations between the research groups of the authors. These two projects both took advantage of the ability of NIPES to provide information about transition states. Transition-state spectroscopy was used to measure the carbonyl stretching frequency in the singlet state of OXA and to establish that D-8h COT violates the strictest version of Hund's rule.
C1 [Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lineberger, W. Carl] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Lineberger, W. Carl] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Borden, Weston Thatcher] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA.
[Borden, Weston Thatcher] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Simulat Computat & Modeling, Denton, TX 76203 USA.
RP Lineberger, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU National Science Foundation; Robert A, Welch Foundation [B0027]
FX WCL is pleased to acknowledge generous support from the National Science
Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. WTB thanks
the National Science Foundation for supporting his research on
diradicals for the past 40 years, the Robert A, Welch Foundation for
Grant B0027, and his many coworkers and collaborators, particularly Dr
David A. Hrovat and Professors Ernest R. Davidson and Jerome A. Berson.
NR 136
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 4
U2 34
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
EI 1463-9084
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 25
BP 11792
EP 11813
DI 10.1039/c0cp02786c
PG 22
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 777WX
UT WOS:000291656900001
PM 21614391
ER
PT J
AU Allison, TC
Tong, YJ
AF Allison, Thomas C.
Tong, YuYe J.
TI Evaluation of methods to predict reactivity of gold nanoparticles
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; FRONTIER-ELECTRON THEORY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL
SURFACES; FUKUI FUNCTION INDEXES; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; SUPPORTED GOLD;
COPPER CLUSTERS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SILVER CLUSTERS; METAL-SURFACES
AB Several methods have appeared in the literature for predicting reactivity on metallic surfaces and on the surface of metallic nanoparticles. All of these methods have some relationship to the concept of frontier molecular orbital theory. The d-band theory of Hammer and Norskov is perhaps the most widely used predictor of reactivity on metallic surfaces, and it has been successfully applied in many cases. Use of the Fukui function and the condensed Fukui function is well established in organic chemistry, but has not been so widely applied in predicting the reactivity of metallic nanoparticles. In this article, we will evaluate the usefulness of the condensed Fukui function in predicting the reactivity of a family of cubo-octahedral gold nanoparticles and make comparison with the d-band method.
C1 [Allison, Thomas C.; Tong, YuYe J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Allison, Thomas C.; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
RP Allison, TC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM thomas.allison@nist.gov; yyt@georgetown.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008
OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X
FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research;
DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895]; NSF [CHE-0923910]
FX A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national
scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office
of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory. The research in YYJT's lab is supported
by DOE (DE-FG02-07ER15895) and by NSF (CHE-0923910). The authors thank
the reviewers for a number of helpful comments.
NR 68
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 14
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 28
BP 12858
EP 12864
DI 10.1039/c1cp20376b
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 801SJ
UT WOS:000293460400022
PM 21687878
ER
PT J
AU Sharp-Williams, EN
Roberts, MA
Nesbitt, DJ
AF Sharp-Williams, Erin N.
Roberts, Melanie A.
Nesbitt, David J.
TI Dark state vibronic coupling in the (A)over-tilde((2)Pi) <-
(X)over-tilde((2)Sigma(+)) band of ethynyl radical via high resolution
infrared absorption spectroscopy
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID COLOR-CENTER LASER; RATE-CONSTANT MEASUREMENTS; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED
C2H; LYING ELECTRONIC STATES; KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY; THEORETICAL
CALCULATION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTRUM; CCH; TRANSITION
AB The high resolution infrared spectrum for the (A) over tilde((2)Pi) <- (X) over tilde((2)Sigma(+)) origin band of jet-cooled ethynyl radical (C2H) in the gas phase is reported, which exhibits a strong, parity-specific local perturbation in the upper (2)Pi(1/2) state. Based on revised parity assignments of the levels, the perturbing state is unambiguously determined to be (2)Sigma(+) symmetry, and thus coupled to the (A) over tilde((2)Pi) state by Delta K = +/- 1 Coriolis interactions. By incorporating Sigma-Pi Coriolis coupling into the unperturbed Hamiltonian (containing only rotational, spin-rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda-doubling contributions), we are now able to fit the observed (2)Pi-(2)Sigma(+) origin band to a sub Doppler experimental uncertainty of 15 MHz (0.0005 cm(-1)). In addition, the observation of pairs of transitions to mixed states permits determination of the band origin (nu(pert)) and rotational constant (B-pert) for the "dark" (2)Sigma(+) state, which prove to be in remarkably quantitative agreement with full vibronic predictions of Tarroni and Carter as well as UV dispersed fluorescence studies of Hsu et al. This represents an important benchmark in mapping out non-Born-Oppenheimer vibronic interactions and energy level structure in a polyatomic combustion radical system, an understanding of which will be key to modeling chemical reactions in both terrestrial and astronomical environments.
C1 [Sharp-Williams, Erin N.; Roberts, Melanie A.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Sharp-Williams, EN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; NRC
FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the
Department of Energy, with additional funds in building up the apparatus
from the National Science Foundation. We also would like to acknowledge
Prof. R. F. Curl for his help, scholarship and intellectual generosity.
Finally, one of us (E. N. S.-W.) would like acknowledge the NRC for a
postdoctoral fellowship.
NR 55
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 13
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 39
BP 17474
EP 17483
DI 10.1039/c1cp21523j
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 826TM
UT WOS:000295377700006
PM 21897928
ER
PT J
AU Dillon, TJ
Vereecken, L
Horowitz, A
Khamaganov, V
Crowley, JN
Lelieveld, J
AF Dillon, Terry J.
Vereecken, Luc
Horowitz, Abraham
Khamaganov, Victor
Crowley, John N.
Lelieveld, Jos
TI Removal of the potent greenhouse gas NF3 by reactions with the
atmospheric oxidants O(D-1), OH and O-3
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE; INTERNAL-ROTATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RATE
CONSTANTS; F COMPOUNDS; MOLECULES; KINETICS; N-2; DEACTIVATION; SO2F2
AB Nitrogen trifluoride, NF3, a trace gas of purely anthropogenic origin with a large global warming potential is accumulating in the Earth's atmosphere. Large uncertainties are however associated with its atmospheric removal rate. In this work, experimental and theoretical kinetic tools were used to study the reactions of NF3 with three of the principal gas-phase atmospheric oxidants: O(D-1), OH and O-3. For reaction (R2) with O(D-1), rate coefficients of k(2)(212-356 K) = (2.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) were obtained in direct competitive kinetics experiments, and experimental and theoretical evidence was obtained for F-atom product formation. These results indicate that whilst photolysis in the stratosphere remains the principal fate of NF3, reaction with O(D-1) is significant and was previously underestimated in atmospheric lifetime calculations. Experimental evidence of F-atom production from 248 nm photolysis of NF3 was also obtained, indicating that quantum yields for NF3 destruction remain significant throughout the UV. No evidence was found for reaction (R3) of NF3 with OH indicating that this process makes little or no contribution to NF3 removal from the atmosphere. An upper-limit of k(3)(298 K) < 4 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was obtained experimentally; theoretical analysis suggests that the true rate coefficient is more than ten orders of magnitude smaller. An upper-limit of k(4)(296 K) < 3 x 10(-25) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was obtained in experiments to investigate O-3 + NF3 (R4). Altogether these results underpin calculations of a long (several hundred year) lifetime for NF3. In the course of this work rate coefficients (in units of 10(-11) cm 3 molecule(-1) s(-1)) for removal of O(1 D) by n-C5H12, k(6) = (50 +/- 5) and by N-2, k(7) = (3.1 +/- 0.2) were obtained. Uncertainties quoted throughout are 2 sigma precision only.
C1 [Dillon, Terry J.; Vereecken, Luc; Horowitz, Abraham; Crowley, John N.; Lelieveld, Jos] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Khamaganov, Victor] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lelieveld, Jos] Cyprus Inst, CY-1645 Nicosia, Cyprus.
RP Dillon, TJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
EM terry.dillon@mpic.de
RI Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Dillon, Terry/A-3921-2011; Vereecken,
Luc/D-5025-2016
OI Dillon, Terry/0000-0001-8974-9410; Vereecken, Luc/0000-0001-7845-684X
FU Max Planck Graduate Center
FX The authors thank Gerhard Schuster for excellent all-round technical
assistance; TJD, VK and AH acknowledge the receipt of
Forschungsstipendia from the Max Planck Society. L.V. thanks the Max
Planck Graduate Center for financial support.
NR 33
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 14
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 41
BP 18600
EP 18608
DI 10.1039/c1cp22230a
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 831LB
UT WOS:000295731100037
PM 21947258
ER
PT J
AU Sawyer, BC
Stuhl, BK
Yeo, M
Tscherbul, TV
Hummon, MT
Xia, Y
Kios, J
Patterson, D
Doyle, JM
Ye, J
AF Sawyer, Brian C.
Stuhl, Benjamin K.
Yeo, Mark
Tscherbul, Timur V.
Hummon, Matthew T.
Xia, Yong
Kios, Jacek
Patterson, David
Doyle, John M.
Ye, Jun
TI Cold heteromolecular dipolar collisions
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POLAR-MOLECULES; STERIC ASYMMETRY;
PROPENSITIES; AMMONIA; AR
AB Cold molecules promise to reveal a rich set of novel collision dynamics in the low-energy regime. By combining for the first time the techniques of Stark deceleration, magnetic trapping, and cryogenic buffer gas cooling, we present the first experimental observation of cold collisions between two different species of state-selected neutral polar molecules. This has enabled an absolute measurement of the total trap loss cross sections between OH and ND(3) at a mean collision energy of 3.6 cm (1) (5 K). Due to the dipolar interaction, the total cross section increases upon application of an external polarizing electric field. Cross sections computed from ab initio potential energy surfaces are in agreement with the measured value at zero external electric field. The theory presented here represents the first such analysis of collisions between a (2)Pi radical and a closed-shell polyatomic molecule.
C1 [Sawyer, Brian C.; Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Xia, Yong; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Sawyer, Brian C.; Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Yeo, Mark; Hummon, Matthew T.; Xia, Yong; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Tscherbul, Timur V.; Patterson, David; Doyle, John M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Tscherbul, Timur V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Xia, Yong] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China.
[Kios, Jacek] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Sawyer, BC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM bsawyer@nist.gov
RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014;
OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; Stuhl,
Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323; HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500
FU DOE; AFOSR-MURI; NSF; NIST; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
FX The authors acknowledge DOE, AFOSR-MURI, NSF, and NIST for funding
support. M. Hummon is a National Research Council postdoctoral fellow.
T. V. Tscherbul was supported by NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT CUA and
ITAMP at Harvard University and the Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory. We thank G. Quemener and J. L. Bohn for stimulating
discussions and J. Rasmussen for technical assistance.
NR 46
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 2
U2 17
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 42
BP 19059
EP 19066
DI 10.1039/c1cp21203f
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 835HP
UT WOS:000296027500043
PM 21881670
ER
PT J
AU Julienne, PS
Hanna, TM
Idziaszek, Z
AF Julienne, Paul S.
Hanna, Thomas M.
Idziaszek, Zbigniew
TI Universal ultracold collision rates for polar molecules of two
alkali-metal atoms
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; OPTICAL LATTICES; COLD MOLECULES; GASES;
SCATTERING; PHYSICS; CONFINEMENT; THRESHOLD
AB Universal collision rate constants are calculated for ultracold collisions of two like bosonic or fermionic heteronuclear alkali-metal dimers involving the species Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs. Universal collisions are those for which the short range probability of a reactive or quenching collision is unity such that a collision removes a pair of molecules from the sample. In this case, the collision rates are determined by universal quantum dynamics at very long range compared to the chemical bond length. We calculate the universal rate constants for reaction of the reactive dimers in their ground vibrational state nu = 0 and for vibrational quenching of non-reactive dimers with nu >= 1. Using the known dipole moments and estimated van der Waals coefficients of each species, we calculate electric field dependent loss rate constants for collisions of molecules tightly confined to quasi-two-dimensional geometry by a one-dimensional optical lattice. A simple scaling relation of the quasi-two-dimensional loss rate constants with dipole strength, trap frequency and collision energy is given for like bosons or like fermions. It should be possible to stabilize ultracold dimers of any of these species against destructive collisions by confining them in a lattice and orienting them with an electric field of less than 20 kV cm(-1).
C1 [Julienne, Paul S.; Hanna, Thomas M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Julienne, Paul S.; Hanna, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM psj@umd.edu
RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
FU AFOSR; Polish Government
FX This work was supported in part by an AFOSR MURI grant on ultracold
polar molecules and in part by a Polish Government Research Grant for
the years 2011-2014.
NR 74
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 14
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2011
VL 13
IS 42
BP 19114
EP 19124
DI 10.1039/c1cp21270b
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 835HP
UT WOS:000296027500049
PM 21773648
ER
PT J
AU Jacox, ME
AF Jacox, Marilyn E.
BE Khriachtchev, L
TI PHOTOEXCITATION OF FREE RADICALS AND MOLECULAR IONS TRAPPED IN RARE-GAS
SOLIDS
SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY AT LOW TEMPERATURES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID EXCITED NEON ATOMS; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET
PHOTOLYSIS; MATRIX-ISOLATION TECHNIQUE; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE;
VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; ARGON MATRIX; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CATION
RADICALS; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES
AB The photochemical production of free radicals, molecular ions, and other highly reactive species, their trapping in rare-gas solids for studies of their vibrational and electronic spectra, and the use of secondary photolysis for product identification are surveyed. The application of gas-phase thermodynamic and spectroscopic data in planning and interpreting the experiments is emphasized and illustrated.
C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov
NR 96
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988,
SINGAPORE
BN 978-9-81426-782-3
PY 2011
BP 1
EP 23
D2 10.4032/9789814267823
PG 23
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA BXW04
UT WOS:000297316000002
ER
PT J
AU Overland, JE
Wood, KR
Wang, MY
AF Overland, James E.
Wood, Kevin R.
Wang, Muyin
TI Warm Arctic-cold continents: climate impacts of the newly open Arctic
Sea
SO POLAR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; sea ice; atmospheric circulation; North Atlantic
Oscillation
ID POLAR AMPLIFICATION; ICE; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; PRESSURE; INCREASE;
MODELS; OCEAN
AB Recent Arctic changes are likely due to coupled Arctic amplification mechanisms with increased linkage between Arctic climate and sub-Arctic weather. Historically, sea ice grew rapidly in autumn, a strong negative radiative feedback. But increased sea-ice mobility, loss of multi-year sea ice, enhanced heat storage in newly sea ice-free ocean areas, and modified wind fields form connected positive feedback processes. One-way shifts in the Arctic system are sensitive to the combination of episodic intrinsic atmospheric and ocean variability and persistent increasing greenhouse gases. Winter 2009/10 and December 2010 showed a unique connectivity between the Arctic and more southern weather patterns when the typical polar vortex was replaced by high geopotential heights over the central Arctic and low heights over mid-latitudes that resulted in record snow and low temperatures, a warm Arctic-cold continents pattern. The negative value of the winter (DJF 2009/10) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index associated with enhanced meridional winds was the lowest observed value since the beginning of the record in 1865. Wind patterns in December 2007 and 2008 also show an impact of warmer Arctic temperatures. A tendency for higher geopotential heights over the Arctic and enhanced meridional winds are physically consistent with continued loss of sea ice over the next 40 years. A major challenge is to understand the interaction of Arctic changes with climate patterns such as the NAO, Pacific North American and El Nino-Southern Oscillation.
C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Wood, Kevin R.; Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov
RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011
OI Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Programme
Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
(JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232]
FX We appreciate discussions with Bob Dickson, Mark Serreze and John Walsh
on the increased linkage of Arctic amplification processes with the
sub-Arctic. We appreciate discussions on the likely sea-ice state during
the Holocene optimum with R. Peirrehumbert & H. Goosse. This article was
supported by Arctic Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Climate Programme Office. Partial funding was
supplied by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and
Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232. This
publication is a JISAO contribution and a Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory contribution no. 3567.
NR 75
TC 83
Z9 84
U1 5
U2 51
PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING
PI JARFALLA
PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN
SN 0800-0395
J9 POLAR RES
JI Polar Res.
PY 2011
VL 30
AR 15787
DI 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15787
PG 14
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography
GA 874LC
UT WOS:000298957700003
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, W
Lin, M
Winesett, A
Dhez, O
Kilcoyne, AL
Ade, H
Rubinstein, M
Shafi, KVPM
Ulman, A
Gersappe, D
Tenne, R
Rafailovich, M
Sokolov, J
Frisch, HL
AF Zhang, W.
Lin, M.
Winesett, A.
Dhez, O.
Kilcoyne, A. Ld.
Ade, H.
Rubinstein, M.
Shafi, K. V. P. M.
Ulman, A.
Gersappe, D.
Tenne, R.
Rafailovich, M.
Sokolov, J.
Frisch, H. L.
TI The use of functionalized nanoparticles as non-specific compatibilizers
for polymer blends
SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 10th International Conference on Polymers for Advanced Technologies (PAT
2009)
CY OCT 11-14, 2009
CL Jerusalem, ISRAEL
DE polymer blends; nanocomposites; compatibilization; thermodynamics;
nanoclay
ID PHASE-SEPARATION; X-RAY; NANOCOMPOSITES; FILMS; MICROSCOPY; SIMULATION;
PARTICLES; MIXTURE
AB The ability to form blends of polymers offers the opportunity of creating a new class of materials with enhanced properties. In addition to the polymer components, recent advances in nanoengineering have resulted in the development of nanosized inorganic particles that can be used to improve the properties of the blend, such as the flammability and the mechanical properties. While traditional methods using copolymer compatibilizers have been used to strengthen polymer blends, here, we show that the inorganic nanosized filler additive can also serve as a compatibilizer as it can localize to the interface between the polymers. We use experimental and theoretical studies to show the fundamental mechanisms by which inorganic fillers with large aspect ratio and at least one-dimension in the nanometer range, can act as non-specific compatibilizers for polymer blends. We examine a series of nanosized fillers, ranging from nanotubes to nanoclays (with varying aspect ratios) in a model polystyrene (PS)/poly(methylmethacyralate) (PMMA) blend. Using a number of experimental techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling X-ray microscopy (STXM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) we postulate that the mechanism of compatibilization occurs as a result of the fillers forming in situ grafts with the immiscible polymers. We also use theoretical studies to show that the aspect ratio and the bending energy of the fillers play a key role in the compatibilization process. Our results indicate that the compatibilization is a general phenomenon, which should occur with all large aspect ratio nanofiller additives to polymer blends. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Zhang, W.; Gersappe, D.; Rafailovich, M.; Sokolov, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Lin, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Winesett, A.; Dhez, O.; Kilcoyne, A. Ld.; Ade, H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Rubinstein, M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
[Shafi, K. V. P. M.; Ulman, A.] Polytech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.
[Tenne, R.] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Rafailovich, M (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; Kilcoyne,
David/I-1465-2013;
OI Dhez, Olivier/0000-0002-8610-5449
NR 26
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 23
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 1042-7147
J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL
JI Polym. Adv. Technol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 22
IS 1
SI SI
BP 65
EP 71
DI 10.1002/pat.1875
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 702GE
UT WOS:000285881800010
ER
PT J
AU Monk, MH
Berkson, J
Rivalan, P
AF Monk, Melissa Hedges
Berkson, Jim
Rivalan, Philippe
TI Estimating demographic parameters for loggerhead sea turtles using
mark-recapture data and a multistate model
SO POPULATION ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Breeding cycle; Caretta caretta; Nesting-beach survey; Population
dynamics; Survival
ID POPULATION PROJECTION MATRICES; ESTIMATE TEMPORARY EMIGRATION;
TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; BREEDING PROPORTIONS; SURVIVAL PROBABILITY;
CARETTA-CARETTA; ADULT SURVIVAL; ROBUST DESIGN; REPRODUCTION;
CONSERVATION
AB The survival for adult loggerhead sea turtles from a saturation tagging study on Bald Head Island, NC, USA, was estimated using a multistate model with unobservable states to relax assumptions that are violated when survival is estimated from multistate models and produce more accurate estimates of survival, recapture, and breeding transition probabilities. The influence of time, trap dependence, and low site fidelity to the study nesting beach on survival and recapture were examined. The best model given the data included an imprecise site-fidelity effect on survival, constrained the reproductive cycle to 4 years, and contained a time effect on recapture rates. The estimate of annual survival for adult females was of 0.85, producing the highest estimate in the literature for loggerhead sea turtles. Multistate models should be applied to other nesting beach data for sea turtles to improve survival estimates and in turn the ability to model and manage populations.
C1 [Monk, Melissa Hedges] Virginia Tech, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Berkson, Jim] Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Rivalan, Philippe] CNRS, UPR 1934, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, Beauvoir Niort, France.
RP Monk, MH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Studies, 2197 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM mhedge1@tigers.lsu.edu
FU Bald Head Island Conservancy; NMFS RTR Unit at Virginia Tech
FX We thank the Bald Head Island Conservancy for their commitment and
funding the study on Bald Head Island as well all interns and volunteers
involved in the project. Thank you to Dr. Nancy Thompson, Dr. Marcella
Kelly, Dr. Matthew Godfrey, Dr. Joseph Powers and anonymous reviewers
for comments on the manuscript. We are grateful to Dr. Bill Kendall for
reviewing the manuscript and for conversations regarding the modeling
content of the study. The Cooperative Marine Turtle Tagging Program has
also been fundamental to maintaining a tagging database and providing
information exchange among programs. Funding for this project was
provided by the Bald Head Island Conservancy and NMFS RTR Unit at
Virginia Tech.
NR 64
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 22
PU SPRINGER TOKYO
PI TOKYO
PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN
SN 1438-3896
J9 POPUL ECOL
JI Popul. Ecol.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 53
IS 1
BP 165
EP 174
DI 10.1007/s10144-010-0205-x
PG 10
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 695JG
UT WOS:000285365800017
ER
PT S
AU Yeo, D
Simiu, E
AF Yeo, DongHun
Simiu, Emil
BE DeRoeck, G
Degrande, G
Lombaert, G
Muller, G
TI Estimating Peaks of Combined Dynamic Wind Effects on Tall Structures
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS,
EURODYN 2011
SE EURODYN-International Conference on Structural Dynamics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics (EURODYN)
CY JUL 04-06, 2011
CL Leuven, BELGIUM
DE Database-Assisted Design (DAD); wind effects; multiple points-in-time
approach; high-rise building
AB One of the problems encountered in the estimation of wind effects on high-rise structures is the development of combinations of translational responses and the rotational response to wind, and/or forces and moments at various cross sections of individual structural members. In current wind engineering practice such combinations are developed largely "by eye" since phase information on the effects being combined is not readily available from frequency domain analyses. In contrast, full time series analyses can produce estimates of combined wind effects, since they preserve phase information; however, such analyses can be too time-consuming. To solve the problem, a time domain, database-assisted design (DAD) procedure was developed that uses a multiple points-in-time (MPIT) approach. The procedure is illustrated by an application to a 60-story reinforced concrete structure. Results showed that the MPIT approach produces remarkably accurate estimates of the peak combined wind effects by using a limited number of peaks of the time histories of the individual wind effects being combined. Those estimates are obtained far more economically in terms of computational time than conventional time domain analyses that use full time histories. It is noted that frequency domain techniques are not capable of performing accurate estimates of peak combined wind effects owing to the loss of phase information between the random processes being combined.
C1 [Yeo, DongHun; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU EUROPEAN ASSOC STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
PI MUNICH
PA C/O LEHRSTUHL BAUMECHANIK, TECHNISCHE UNIV MUNCHEN, ARCISSTRASSE 21,
MUNICH, D-80290, GERMANY
SN 2311-9020
BN 978-90-760-1931-4
J9 EURODYN
PY 2011
BP 1586
EP 1591
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil
SC Engineering
GA BE0RB
UT WOS:000366660801091
ER
PT B
AU Burns, TJ
Mates, SP
Rhorer, RL
Whitenton, EP
Basak, D
AF Burns, Timothy J.
Mates, Steven P.
Rhorer, Richard L.
Whitenton, Eric P.
Basak, Debasis
GP ASME
TI EFFECT ON FLOW STRESS OF A RAPID PHASE TRANSITION IN AISI 1045 STEEL
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2011, VOL 1
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 6th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference
/ 4th JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR
HO Oregon State Univ
DE High-speed machining; Kolsky bar; AISI 1045 steel; Thermal modeling
AB New experimental data on AISI 1045 steel from the NIST pulse-heated Kolsky Bar Laboratory are presented. The material is shown to exhibit a nonequilibrium phase transformation at high strain rate. An interesting feature of these data is that the material has a stiffer response to compressive loading when it has been preheated to a testing temperature that is below the eutectoid temperature using pulse-heating than it does when it has been preheated using a slower heating method. On the other hand, when the material has been pulse-heated to a temperature that exceeds the eutectoid temperature prior to compressive loading on the Kolsky bar, it is shown to exhibit a significant loss of strength. A consequence of this behavior is that fixed-parameter constitutive models, such as the well-known Johnson-Cook model, cannot be used to describe this constitutive response behavior. An argument is made that the phase transition does not occur during high-speed machining operations, and suggestions are made as to how to modify the Johnson-Cook model of Jaspers and Dauzenberg for this material in order to obtain improved temperature predictions in finite-element simulations of high-speed machining processes.
C1 [Burns, Timothy J.; Mates, Steven P.; Rhorer, Richard L.; Whitenton, Eric P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Basak, Debasis] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA.
RP Burns, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-4430-4
PY 2011
BP 261
EP +
PG 3
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BFJ30
UT WOS:000320096800033
ER
PT B
AU Kihm, KD
Hussey, D
Pratt, DM
Swanson, AD
AF Kihm, K. D.
Hussey, D.
Pratt, D. M.
Swanson, A. D.
GP ASME
TI NEUTRON IMAGING FEASIBILITY OF LIQUID METAL COOLANT BEHAVIORS INSIDE A
HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOY HEAT PIPE
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/JSME 8TH THERMAL ENGINEERING JOINT CONFERENCE
2011, VOL 1 PTS A AND B
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Joint Conference
CY MAR 13-17, 2011
CL Honolulu, HI
SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers
AB Experimental study has been conducted for multiscale characterization of liquid metal(Na) transport within a heat pipe using a neutron imaging technique. Feasibility of nonintrusive imaging of liquid sodium contained inside a nickel alloy heat pipe has been examined for the imaging resolution, exposure time requirements, background noises, and other basic considerations associated with neutron beam scattering. Preliminary results of neutron imaging show fairly acceptable feasibility of neutron imaging of liquid sodium contained inside an alloy jacket. Furthermore, challenges are identified to enhance the spatial and thermal resolutions in order to achieve more physically demanding imaging of the liquid metal thermal transport behaviors.
C1 [Kihm, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Pratt, D. M.; Swanson, A. D.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, AFRL, OH USA.
[Hussey, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
FU U.S. Government
FX This work is in part a work of the U.S. Government. ASME disclaims all
interest in the U.S. Government's contributions.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
BN 978-0-7918-5454-9
PY 2011
BP 1383
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA BFH11
UT WOS:000319843000161
ER
PT J
AU Marchese, AJ
Vaughn, TL
Kroenlein, K
Dryer, FL
AF Marchese, Anthony J.
Vaughn, Timothy L.
Kroenlein, Kenneth
Dryer, Frederick L.
TI Ignition delay of fatty acid methyl ester fuel droplets: Microgravity
experiments and detailed numerical modeling
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
LA English
DT Article
DE Droplet combustion; Laminar flames; Methyl esters; Microgravity
combustion
ID BIODIESEL; SURROGATE
AB Recent optical engine studies have linked increases in NOx emissions from fatty acid methyl ester combustion to differences in the premixed autoignition zone of the diesel fuel jet. In this study, ignition of single, isolated liquid droplets in quiescent, high temperature air was considered as a means of gaining insight into the transient, partially premixed ignition conditions that exist in the autoignition zone of a fatty acid methyl ester fuel jet. Normal gravity and microgravity (10(-4) m/s(2)) droplet ignition delay experiments were conducted by use of a variety of neat methyl esters and commercial soy methyl ester. Droplet ignition experiments were chosen because spherically symmetric droplet combustion represents the simplest two-phase, time-dependent chemically reacting flow system permitting a numerical solution with complex physical submodels. To create spherically symmetric conditions for direct comparison with a detailed numerical model, experiments were conducted in microgravity by use of a 1.1 s drop tower. In the experiments, droplets were grown and deployed onto 14 mu m silicon carbide fibers and injected into a tube furnace containing atmospheric pressure air at temperatures up to 1300 K. The ignition event was characterized by measurement of UV emission from hydroxyl radical (OH*) chemiluminescence. The experimental results were compared against predictions from a time-dependent, spherically symmetric droplet combustion simulation with detailed gas phase chemical kinetics, spectrally resolved radiative heat transfer andmulti-component transport. By use of a skeletal chemical kinetic mechanism (125 species, 713 reactions), the computed ignition delay period for methyl decanoate (C11H22O2) showed excellent agreement with experimental results at furnace temperatures greater than 1200 K. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Marchese, Anthony J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kroenlein, Kenneth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Dryer, Frederick L.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Marchese, AJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1374 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM marchese@colostate.edu
FU National Science Foundation [CTS-042080, CBET-0854134]; NASA at
Princeton University [NCC3-375, NNCO4AA66A]
FX The experimental component of this research was supported by Grants
CTS-042080 and CBET-0854134 from National Science Foundation.
Development of the droplet combustion model used in this work was
supported under NASA Cooperative Agreements NCC3-375 and NNCO4AA66A at
Princeton University.
NR 27
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1540-7489
J9 P COMBUST INST
JI Proc. Combust. Inst.
PY 2011
VL 33
BP 2021
EP 2030
DI 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.044
PN 2
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 698XR
UT WOS:000285629000041
ER
PT B
AU Heckel, BR
Adelberger, EG
Terrano, WA
Cramer, CE
AF Heckel, B. R.
Adelberger, E. G.
Terrano, W. A.
Cramer, C. E.
BE Kostelecky, VA
TI TORSION BALANCE TESTS OF COUPLINGS TO SPIN
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry
CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010
CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN
HO Indiana Univ
ID PHENOMENOLOGY
AB This article describes constraints on possible new spin-coupled interactions using a torsion pendulum with approximately 1 x 10(23) polarized electrons.
C1 [Heckel, B. R.; Adelberger, E. G.; Terrano, W. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Cramer, C. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Heckel, BR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM heckel@phys.washington.edu
FU NSF [PHY0355012, PHY0653863]; DOE
FX This work was supported by NSF Grants PHY0355012 and PHY0653863 and by
DOE funding for the Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and
Astrophysics.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE
BN 978-981-4327-67-1
PY 2011
BP 40
EP 44
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BG9ZT
UT WOS:000394395200009
ER
PT B
AU Fu, CB
Gentile, TR
Snow, WM
AF Fu, Changbo
Gentile, Thomas R.
Snow, William M.
BE Kostelecky, VA
TI CONSTRAINTS ON MONOPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS OF WISPS FROM POLARIZED GAS
RELAXATION TIME
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH MEETING ON CPT AND LORENTZ SYMMETRY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry
CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010
CL Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN
HO Indiana Univ
ID HE-3; FORCES; LIMITS
AB Various theories beyond the Standard Model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A P-odd, T-odd, spin-dependent interaction between polarized and unpolarized matter is one such possibility. Such a monopole-dipole interaction can be induced by the exchange of spin-0 particles. The presence of a possible monopole-dipole interaction between fermion spins and unpolarized matter would cause a decreased transverse spin relaxation time T-2 for a confined gas of polarized nuclei. By reanalyzing previously existing data on the spin relaxation times of polarized He-3 in gas cells with pressure in the millibar range and applying the well established theory of spin relaxation for magnetic field gradients to gradients in a possible monopole-dipole field, we present new laboratory constraints on the strength and range of such an interaction. These constraints represent to our knowledge the best limits on such interactions for the neutron with ranges between 0.01 cm and 1 cm.
C1 [Fu, Changbo; Gentile, Thomas R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Fu, Changbo; Snow, William M.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Fu, CB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0116146]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
award PHY-0116146.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
PI SINGAPORE
PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE
BN 978-981-4327-67-1
PY 2011
BP 244
EP 248
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BG9ZT
UT WOS:000394395200048
ER
PT J
AU Nghiem, SV
Neumann, G
Clemente-Colon, P
Rigor, IG
Perovich, DK
AF Nghiem, Son V.
Neumann, Gregory
Clemente-Colon, Pablo
Rigor, Ignatius G.
Perovich, Donald K.
BE Chicco, G
Nghiem, SV
TI Arctic Perennial Sea Ice Crash of the 2000s and its Impacts
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOENVIRONMENT,
BIODIVERSITY AND RENEWABLE ENERGIES (BIONATURE 2011)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Bioenvironment, Biodiversity and
Renewable Energies (BIONATURE)
CY MAY 22-27, 2011
CL Venice, ITALY
SP IARIA
DE Perennial sea ice loss; Polar Express; albedo; insolation; Arctic
passages; tropospheric chemical changes.
ID DEPLETION; CHEMISTRY; MERCURY; OZONE; SPRINGTIME; ATMOSPHERE
AB Satellite and surface observations show that half of the extent of perennial sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has been lost in the decade of 2000s. Perennial sea ice is the class of old and thick ice important for the stability of the Arctic environment. Perennial ice extent set the record low in 2008 and has remained low as seen in updated satellite scatterometer data and surface drifting buoy measurements in 2011. The drastic decline of Arctic sea ice is far exceeding the worst-case projections from climate models of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. The important role of the Polar Express phenomenon has been identified, indicating dynamic and thermodynamic effects are combined to expedite the loss of perennial sea ice. Consequently, major impacts include decreases in Arctic surface albedo, increases in absorbed insolation, facilitation of sea-route opening, and changes in tropospheric chemical processes such as bromine explosion, ozone depletion, and mercury deposition that impact the biosphere.
C1 [Nghiem, Son V.; Neumann, Gregory] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Clemente-Colon, Pablo] NOAA, Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC USA.
[Rigor, Ignatius G.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Perovich, Donald K.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA.
RP Nghiem, SV (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
EM Son.V.Nghiem@jpl.nasa.gov; Gregory.Neumann@jpl.nasa.gov;
Pablo.Clemente-Colon@noaa.gov; ignatius@apl.washington.edu;
Donald.K.Perovich@usace.army.mil
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric
Sciences Program
FX The research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL),
California Institute of Technology, was supported by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cryospheric Sciences
Program. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations in
this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the
views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the
Department of Commerce.
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IARIA XPS PRESS
PI WILMINGTON
PA PO BOX 7827, WILMINGTON, DE 19803 USA
BN 978-1-61208-138-0
PY 2011
BP 38
EP 42
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BH0GC
UT WOS:000394874300008
ER
PT J
AU Gleason, ACR
Kellison, GT
Reid, RP
AF Gleason, Arthur C. R.
Kellison, G. Todd
Reid, R. Pamela
TI Geomorphic Characterization of Reef Fish Aggregation Sites in the Upper
Florida Keys, USA, Using Single-Beam Acoustics
SO PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic seabed classification; fish spawning aggregations; outlier
reefs; QTC
ID SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; SOUTHEAST FLORIDA; PROTECTED AREAS; BARRIER-REEF;
MARGIN; QUATERNARY; MANAGEMENT; HABITATS; PATTERNS; BELIZE
AB The objective of this study was to determine if multiple reef fish aggregation sites in the upper Florida Keys share characteristic geomorphic features. A commercial single-beam acoustic seabed classification system was used to map the seabed in the vicinity of reported or observed black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and yellowtail snapper (L. chrysurus) aggregation sites. Results showed that drowned, margin-parallel, rocky ridges, known locally as outlier reefs, were features found in proximity to all of the mapped aggregation sites. In particular, three geomorphic characteristics were observed at most sites: a steep slope of the landward boundary of the upper slope terrace, an exposed outlier reef forming the seaward boundary of the upper slope terrace, and at least one other exposed outlier reef on the upper slope terrace. The results suggest that the acoustic-mapping technologies used herein could be valuable when considering the placement of marine reserves.
C1 [Gleason, Arthur C. R.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Reid, R. Pamela] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Kellison, G. Todd] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Kellison, G. Todd] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr Facil, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Gleason, ACR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, POB 248046, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM art.gleason@miami.edu; todd.kellison@noaa.gov; preid@rsmas.miami.edu
NR 36
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0033-0124
EI 1467-9272
J9 PROF GEOGR
JI Prof. Geogr.
PY 2011
VL 63
IS 4
BP 443
EP 455
DI 10.1080/00330124.2011.585075
PG 13
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA 880NE
UT WOS:000299413200004
ER
PT J
AU Stock, CA
Alexander, MA
Bond, NA
Brander, KM
Cheung, WWL
Curchitser, EN
Delworth, TL
Dunne, JP
Griffies, SM
Haltuch, MA
Hare, JA
Hollowed, AB
Lehodey, P
Levin, SA
Link, JS
Rose, KA
Rykaczewski, RR
Sarmiento, JL
Stouffer, RJ
Schwing, FB
Vecchi, GA
Werner, FE
AF Stock, Charles A.
Alexander, Michael A.
Bond, Nicholas A.
Brander, Keith M.
Cheung, William W. L.
Curchitser, Enrique N.
Delworth, Thomas L.
Dunne, John P.
Griffies, Stephen M.
Haltuch, Melissa A.
Hare, Jonathan A.
Hollowed, Anne B.
Lehodey, Patrick
Levin, Simon A.
Link, Jason S.
Rose, Kenneth A.
Rykaczewski, Ryan R.
Sarmiento, Jorge L.
Stouffer, Ronald J.
Schwing, Franklin B.
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Werner, Francisco E.
TI On the use of IPCC-class models to assess the impact of climate on
Living Marine Resources
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; PACIFIC REGIME SHIFTS; TO-END MODELS; GLOBAL
FISHERIES; FISH PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; BERING-SEA; NORTHEAST
PACIFIC; POPULATION-MODELS; NETWORK ANALYSIS
AB The study of climate impacts on Living Marine Resources (LMRs) has increased rapidly in recent years with the availability of climate model simulations contributed to the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Collaboration between climate and LMR scientists and shared understanding of critical challenges for such applications are essential for developing robust projections of climate impacts on LMRs. This paper assesses present approaches for generating projections of climate impacts on LMRs using IPCC-class climate models, recommends practices that should be followed for these applications, and identifies priority developments that could improve current projections. Understanding of the climate system and its representation within climate models has progressed to a point where many climate model outputs can now be used effectively to make LMR projections. However, uncertainty in climate model projections (particularly biases and inter-model spread at regional to local scales), coarse climate model resolution, and the uncertainty and potential complexity of the mechanisms underlying the response of LMRs to climate limit the robustness and precision of LMR projections. A variety of techniques including the analysis of multi-model ensembles, bias corrections, and statistical and dynamical downscaling can ameliorate some limitations, though the assumptions underlying these approaches and the sensitivity of results to their application must be assessed for each application. Developments in LMR science that could improve current projections of climate impacts on LMRs include improved understanding of the multi-scale mechanisms that link climate and LMRs and better representations of these mechanisms within more holistic LMR models. These developments require a strong baseline of field and laboratory observations including long time series and measurements over the broad range of spatial and temporal scales over which LMRs and climate interact. Priority developments for IPCC-class climate models include improved model accuracy (particularly at regional and local scales), inter-annual to decadal-scale predictions, and the continued development of earth system models capable of simulating the evolution of both the physical climate system and biosphere. Efforts to address these issues should occur in parallel and be informed by the continued application of existing climate and LMR models. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Stock, Charles A.; Delworth, Thomas L.; Dunne, John P.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Rykaczewski, Ryan R.; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Brander, Keith M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Danish Inst Aquat Resources, DTU Aqua, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
[Cheung, William W. L.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Curchitser, Enrique N.; Werner, Francisco E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Haltuch, Melissa A.] NOAA, NMFS, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Hollowed, Anne B.] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Lehodey, Patrick] CLS, Space Oceanog Div, F-31520 Ramonville St Agne, France.
[Levin, Simon A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Link, Jason S.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm Energy, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
RP Stock, CA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM charles.stock@noaa.gov; Michael.Alexander@noaa.gov;
Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov; kbr@aqua.dtu.dk; william.cheung@uea.ac.uk;
enrique@marine.rutgers.edu; Tom.Delworth@noaa.gov; John.Dunne@noaa.gov;
Stephen.Griffies@noaa.gov; Melissa.Haltuch@noaa.gov; Jon.Hare@noaa.gov;
Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov; Plehodey@cls.fr; slevin@princeton.edu;
Jason.Link@noaa.gov; Ryan.Rykaczewski@noaa.gov; jls@princeton.edu;
Ronald.Stouffer@noaa.gov; Franklin.Schwing@noaa.gov;
Gabriel.Vecchi@noaa.gov; cisco@marine.rutgers.edu
RI Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Dunne,
John/F-8086-2012; Stock, Charles/H-1281-2012; Alexander,
Michael/A-7097-2013; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Cheung,
William/F-5104-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013; Rykaczewski,
Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X; Lehodey, Patrick/0000-0002-2753-4796; Vecchi,
Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Alexander,
Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Cheung,
William/0000-0003-3626-1045;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations; Princeton University
FX The authors would like to thank all those who attended and helped
organize the workshop "Applying IPCC-class Models of Global Warming to
Fisheries Prediction" held in Princeton NJ, June 15-17, 2009. This
contribution reflects the lively discussion and debate which took place
throughout the workshop. Funding for the workshop was generously
provided by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Sciences between the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations and Princeton
University. The authors would also like to thank Whit Anderson, Jason
Cope, Isaac Kaplan, Vince Saba, and Ian Taylor for their comments on
early versions of this paper and two anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments and suggestions. Lastly, we would like to specially
thank Dr. John Steele who kindly served as the Guest Editor of this
manuscript.
NR 223
TC 118
Z9 118
U1 3
U2 72
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2011
VL 88
IS 1-4
BP 1
EP 27
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.09.001
PG 27
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 727VH
UT WOS:000287830400001
ER
PT J
AU Cravatte, S
Ganachaud, A
Duong, QP
Kessler, WS
Eldin, G
Dutrieux, P
AF Cravatte, Sophie
Ganachaud, Alexandre
Duong, Quoc-Phi
Kessler, William S.
Eldin, Gerard
Dutrieux, Pierre
TI Observed circulation in the Solomon Sea from SADCP data
SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING
CIRCULATION; SUBTROPICAL-TROPICAL CELLS; CLIMATE FLUCTUATIONS; DECADAL
VARIABILITY; IN-SITU; OCEAN; WATER; UNDERCURRENT
AB The Solomon Sea, in the western tropical Pacific, is part of a major oceanic pathway for waters connecting the tropics to the equator via low latitude western boundary currents. Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data from 94 various cruises and transits are used to describe the Solomon Sea mean circulation and its seasonal variability above 300 m depth, providing an unprecedently detailed picture from observations. The circulation in the near-surface (20-100 m) and thermocline (100-300 m) layers were analyzed separately but found to have many similar features. They are compared with circulations inferred from hydrological and satellite data.
The New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent enters the Solomon Sea east of the Louisiade Archipelago (15 Sv inflow above 300 m), splits and rejoins around the Woodlark Chain, then divides against the coast of New Britain forming two branches flowing westward and eastward. The westward branch has been previously observed flowing through Vitiaz Strait; in the present SADCP data this transport is found to be 7-8 Sv in the upper 300 m. The eastward branch has been suspected and occurs in some models; it exits the Solomon Sea through St. George's Channel (1-2 Sv) and Solomon Strait (4-5 Sv) in the thermocline. At the surface, waters enter the Solomon Strait from the north.
The seasonal variability can be documented in locations of sufficient data coverage. It is shown that this western boundary system strengthens in June-August. A summary of transport variability in the straits of the Solomon Sea from individual cruises is also presented. Transports in the straits display some stable features, but also high non-seasonal variability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cravatte, Sophie] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP PCA, LEGOS, IRD, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
[Ganachaud, Alexandre; Eldin, Gerard] IRD, Noumea, New Caledonia.
[Duong, Quoc-Phi] Ecole Natl Meteorol, Toulouse, France.
[Kessler, William S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Dutrieux, Pierre] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
RP Cravatte, S (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP PCA, LEGOS, IRD, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
EM sophie.cravatte@legos.obs-mip.fr
RI Dutrieux, Pierre/B-7568-2012; Ganachaud, Alexandre/B-7556-2013;
Cravatte, Sophie/J-7081-2016
OI Dutrieux, Pierre/0000-0002-8066-934X; Cravatte,
Sophie/0000-0002-2439-8952
FU ANR [ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01]; INSU/LEFE
FX This study has been possible thanks to the effort of many scientists,
engineers and crews who carefully recorded, processed and made available
SADCP data. The authors recognize the hard work done to accomplish this
task, and are very grateful to all who contributed. SADCP data were
downloaded freely from various databases. Many of them come from the
Joint Archive for Shipboard ADCP (JASADCP,
http://ilikai.soest.hawaii.edu/sadcp/main_inv.html). We greatly thank E.
Firing, J. Hammon and P. Caldwell for maintaining this resource. Other
SADCP data come from R/V Franklin
(http://www.marine.csiro.au/maru/marlin_admin.survey_list), and from IRD
(P. Grimigni, E. Kestenare,
http://www.ird.nc/ECOP/sadcp_inventory.html). The authors also wish to
thank M. Tivey, C. Maes and J. Murray who made their SADCP cruise
available. The authors wish to thank Laurent Testut who kindly made the
tidal analyses and hindcasts, and M.-H. Rio who provided the modified
CMDT product, answered questions about it and made specific analyses
very useful for this study. L. Gourdeau, A. Melet, T. Delcroix, E.
Kestenare and an anonymous reviewer made useful comments about an
earlier version of this manuscript. The authors finally wish to
acknowledge use of the Ferret program for analysis and graphics in this
paper. Ferret is a product of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory. (Information is available at
http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret.). This work is co-funded by ANR
project ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01 and INSU/LEFE project IDAO; it is a
contribution to the CLIVAR/SPICE International program
(http://www.clivar.org; http://www.solomonseaoceanography.org). This is
PMEL Contribution # 3563.
NR 67
TC 33
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U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0079-6611
J9 PROG OCEANOGR
JI Prog. Oceanogr.
PD JAN-MAR
PY 2011
VL 88
IS 1-4
BP 116
EP 130
DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.12.015
PG 15
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 727VH
UT WOS:000287830400007
ER
PT J
AU Frenkel, M
Chirico, RD
Diky, V
Brown, PL
Dymond, JH
Goldberg, RN
Goodwin, ARH
Heerklotz, H
Konigsberger, E
Ladbury, JE
Marsh, KN
Remeta, DP
Stein, SE
Wakeham, WA
Williams, PA
AF Frenkel, Michael
Chirico, Robert D.
Diky, Vladimir
Brown, Paul L.
Dymond, John H.
Goldberg, Robert N.
Goodwin, Anthony R. H.
Heerklotz, Heiko
Koenigsberger, Erich
Ladbury, John E.
Marsh, Kenneth N.
Remeta, David P.
Stein, Stephen E.
Wakeham, William A.
Williams, Peter A.
TI Extension of ThermoML: The IUPAC standard for thermodynamic data
communications (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)
SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE communications; data; standards; standardization; thermochemistry;
thermo dynamics; ThermoML
ID XML-BASED APPROACH; THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; BIOCHEMICAL
THERMODYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES; EXPERT-SYSTEMS; STORAGE;
EXCHANGE; NOMENCLATURE; CHLORIDE; TABLES
AB ThermoML is an XML-based approach for storage and exchange of experimental, predicted, and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. Extensions to the ThermoML schema for the representation of speciation, complex equilibria, and properties of biomaterials are described. The texts of 14 data files illustrating the new extensions are provided as Supplementary Information together with the complete text of the updated ThermoML schema.
C1 [Frenkel, Michael; Chirico, Robert D.; Diky, Vladimir] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Brown, Paul L.] Rio Tinto Technol & Innovat, Bundoora, Vic 3083, Australia.
[Dymond, John H.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Goldberg, Robert N.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Goodwin, Anthony R. H.] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA.
[Heerklotz, Heiko] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharm, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
[Koenigsberger, Erich] Murdoch Univ, Sch Chem & Math Sci, Fac Sci & Engn, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
[Ladbury, John E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
[Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
[Remeta, David P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wakeham, William A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
[Williams, Peter A.] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Nat Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia.
RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
FU IUPAC Committee; IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications
(CPEP) [2007-039-1-024]
FX Sponsoring body: IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications:
see more details on p. 1965.; The authors express their appreciation to
the IUPAC Committee on Printed and Electronic Publications (CPEP) for
providing travel funds for this project: 2007-039-1-024, "Extension of
ThermoML-the IUPAC Standard for Thermodynamic Data Communications". For
M. F., R. D. C., V. D., R.N.G., and S. E. S., this work represents an
official contribution of the U. S. National Institute of Standards and
Technology and is not subject to copyright in the United States.
NR 79
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 5
PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA
SN 0033-4545
J9 PURE APPL CHEM
JI Pure Appl. Chem.
PY 2011
VL 83
IS 10
BP 1937
EP 1969
DI 10.1351/PAC-REC-11-05-01
PG 33
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 871MM
UT WOS:000298742200005
ER
PT S
AU Ma, LJ
Slattery, O
Tang, X
AF Ma, Lijun
Slattery, Oliver
Tang, Xiao
BE Meyers, RE
Shih, Y
Deacon, KS
TI Single photon frequency up-conversion and its applications
SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING IX
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging IX
CY AUG 24-25, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE Frequency Up-conversion; Single photon detection; Quantum information
ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; WAVE-GUIDE; INFRARED SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTH;
DETECTORS; ENTANGLEMENT; CRYPTOGRAPHY; GENERATION
AB We have studied single photon level frequency up-conversion, and developed efficient single photon detectors and a highly sensitive spectrometer at a telecommunication wavelength (around 1310 nm). We have applied the detector and spectrometer to the implementation of a quantum key distribution system; to the characterization of an entangled photon source and a single photon source from quantum dots; to increase the temporal resolution of the single photon detector; and to study on high-order temporal correlation following frequency conversion. In this paper, we will present an overview on the frequency up-conversion technique and its applications in quantum information systems.
C1 [Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM xiao.tang@nist.gov
NR 40
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-773-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8163
AR 81630N
DI 10.1117/12.890980
PG 17
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BXZ20
UT WOS:000297671600017
ER
PT S
AU Bienfang, JC
Restelli, A
Migdall, A
AF Bienfang, Joshua C.
Restelli, Alessandro
Migdall, Alan
BE Razeghi, M
Sudharsanan, R
Brown, GJ
TI SPAD electronics for high-speed quantum communications
SO QUANTUM SENSING AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices VIII
CY JAN 23-27, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Single-photon detection; quantum communications; SPAD
ID AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES
AB We discuss high-speed electronics that support the use of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in gigahertz single-photon communications systems. For InGaAs/InP SPADs, recent work has demonstrated reduced afterpulsing and count rates approaching 500 MHz can be achieved with gigahertz periodic-gating techniques designed to minimize the total avalanche charge to less than 100 fC. We investigate afterpulsing in this regime and establish a connection to observations using more conventional techniques. For Si SPADs, we report the benefits of improved timing electronics that enhance the temporal resolution of Si SPADs used in a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system operating in the GHz regime. We establish that the effects of count-rate fluctuations induced by daytime turbulent scintillation are significantly reduced, benefitting the performance of the QKD system.
C1 [Bienfang, Joshua C.; Restelli, Alessandro; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bienfang, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli,
Alessandro/A-4897-2009
OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-482-6
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7945
AR 79452N
DI 10.1117/12.875564
PG 5
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics
GA BWE00
UT WOS:000293695800073
ER
PT J
AU Compo, GP
Whitaker, JS
Sardeshmukh, PD
Matsui, N
Allan, RJ
Yin, X
Gleason, BE
Vose, RS
Rutledge, G
Bessemoulin, P
Bronnimann, S
Brunet, M
Crouthamel, RI
Grant, AN
Groisman, PY
Jones, PD
Kruk, MC
Kruger, AC
Marshall, GJ
Maugeri, M
Mok, HY
Nordli, O
Ross, TF
Trigo, RM
Wang, XL
Woodruff, SD
Worley, SJ
AF Compo, G. P.
Whitaker, J. S.
Sardeshmukh, P. D.
Matsui, N.
Allan, R. J.
Yin, X.
Gleason, B. E., Jr.
Vose, R. S.
Rutledge, G.
Bessemoulin, P.
Broennimann, S.
Brunet, M.
Crouthamel, R. I.
Grant, A. N.
Groisman, P. Y.
Jones, P. D.
Kruk, M. C.
Kruger, A. C.
Marshall, G. J.
Maugeri, M.
Mok, H. Y.
Nordli, O.
Ross, T. F.
Trigo, R. M.
Wang, X. L.
Woodruff, S. D.
Worley, S. J.
TI The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Review
DE data assimilation; Ensemble Kalman Filter; state estimation; surface
pressure; sea-level pressure
ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC
DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL-ERROR REPRESENTATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE
WINTER; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; GLOBAL
FORECAST SYSTEM; LEVEL PRESSURE; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
AB The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) project is an international effort to produce a comprehensive global atmospheric circulation dataset spanning the twentieth century, assimilating only surface pressure reports and using observed monthly sea-surface temperature and sea-ice distributions as boundary conditions. It is chiefly motivated by a need to provide an observational dataset with quantified uncertainties for validations of climate model simulations of the twentieth century onall time-scales, with emphasis on the statistics of daily weather. It uses an Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation method with background 'first guess' fields supplied by an ensemble of forecasts from a global numerical weather prediction model. This directly yields a global analysis every 6 hours as the most likely state of the atmosphere, and also an uncertainty estimate of that analysis.
The 20CR dataset provides the first estimates of global tropospheric variability, and of the dataset's time-varying quality, from 1871 to the present at 6-hourly temporal and 2 degrees spatial resolutions. Intercomparisons with independent radiosonde data indicate that the reanalyses are generally of high quality. The quality in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere throughout the century is similar to that of current three-day operational NWP forecasts. Intercomparisons over the second half-century of these surface-based reanalyses with other reanalyses that also make use of upper-air and satellite data are equally encouraging.
It is anticipated that the 20CR dataset will be a valuable resource to the climate research community for both model validations and diagnostic studies. Some surprising results are already evident. For instance, the long-term trends of indices representing the North Atlantic Oscillation, the tropical Pacific Walker Circulation, and the Pacific-North American pattern are weak or non-existent over the full period of record. The long-term trends of zonally averaged precipitation minus evaporation also differ in character from those in climate model simulations of the twentieth century. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright.
C1 [Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.; Matsui, N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Compo, G. P.; Whitaker, J. S.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.; Matsui, N.; Woodruff, S. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Allan, R. J.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, ACRE Project, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Yin, X.; Kruk, M. C.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA.
[Gleason, B. E., Jr.; Vose, R. S.; Rutledge, G.; Groisman, P. Y.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
[Bessemoulin, P.] Meteo France, Toulouse, France.
[Broennimann, S.; Grant, A. N.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Broennimann, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Brunet, M.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Tarragona, Spain.
[Crouthamel, R. I.] Int Environm Data Rescue Org, Deale, MD USA.
[Groisman, P. Y.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Brunet, M.; Jones, P. D.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Kruger, A. C.] S African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Marshall, G. J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Maugeri, M.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy.
[Mok, H. Y.] Hong Kong Observ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Nordli, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway.
[Ross, T. F.] NOAA, Climate Database Modernizat Program, NCDC, Asheville, NC USA.
[Trigo, R. M.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Geofis, IDL, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal.
[Wang, X. L.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.
[Worley, S. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Compo, GP (reprint author), 325 Broadway R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM compo@colorado.edu
RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Grant, Andrea/A-1693-2008; Manola,
Brunet-India/E-8239-2010; Yin, Xungang/G-1334-2012; Trigo,
Ricardo/B-7044-2008;
OI Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991; Jones,
Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Grant, Andrea/0000-0002-1553-596X; Manola,
Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X; Trigo, Ricardo/0000-0002-4183-9852;
COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633; Maugeri,
Maurizio/0000-0002-4110-9737
FU Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence; UK Joint Department of
Energy and Climate Change and Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs (DECC/Defra) [DECC/Defra GA01101]; National Science Foundation;
Swiss National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of
Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and
Experiment (DOE INCITE); Office of Biological and Environmental Research
(BER); NOAA Climate Goal; Office of Science of the US Department of
Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project received support and
observational data from many people, organizations, and projects. The
NOAA NCEP/EMC staff's years of work improving the GFS, and particularly
the help of S. Moorthi, H.L. Pan, S. Saha, R. Kistler, and S. Lord is
gratefully acknowledged. The NOAA ESRL/Physical Sciences Division (PSD)
and CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center (CDC) IT staff provided invaluable
computer support, especially K. Healy, R. Jesse, A. McColl, C. McColl,
B. McInnes, and N. Wilde. Assistance with ISPD calculations by C. McColl
is also gratefully acknowledged. The work of D. Hooper and C. Smith to
make the dataset available at NOAA ESRL/PSD and CIRES/CDC, and the work
of the NCAR Data Support Section, especially J. Comeaux, D. Schuster and
C.-F. Shi, to make the dataset available at NCAR is gratefully
acknowledged. Consulting and support provided by the staff of the US DOE
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, especially H. He
and F. Verdier, and by the staff of the US DOE National Center for
Computational Sciences, especially I. Carpenter and D. Kothe, is
gratefully acknowledged. Useful discussions are acknowledged with
colleagues in ESRL/PSD and CIRES/CDC (especially T. Hamill, R. Webb, R.
Dole, C. McColl, M. Newman, and W. Neff), colleagues at NCAR (especially
J. Anderson, J. Comeaux, R. Jenne, and K. Trenberth), colleagues at
ECMWF(especially D. Dee, A. Simmons, and J-N. Thepaut), colleagues at
the UK Met Office Hadley Centre (especially P. Brohan and T. Ansell),
colleagues at the University of Maryland (especially P. Arkin and E.
Kalnay), and colleagues at the US DOE (especially A. Bamzai and K.
Yelick). The US Department of Commerce-Boulder and NCAR librarians
kindly assisted with manuscript research. The authors would like to
thank the organizations and projects listed in Table II and the
following individuals for invaluable assistance in exchanging
observations for the ISPD: W. Adam of the Lindenberg Observatory, DWD;
K. Andsager of NOAA's Midwestern Regional Climate Center; T. Brandsma of
KNMI; J. Burroughs, S. Doty, J. Elms, K. R. Knapp, D. H. Levinson, N.
Lott, T. C. Peterson, and R. Truesdell of NOAA's NCDC; J. Comeaux and
C.-F. Shi of NCAR; F. Le Blancq of the Jersey Met Service; S. J. Lubker
of NOAA ESRL; G. Lentini of Universita degli Studi Milano; N. Nichols of
Monash University; L. Srnec of the Meteorological and Hydrological
Service of Croatia; A. Stickler of ETH Zurich for CHUAN; V. Swail of
Environment Canada; B. Trewin and D. Jones of the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology; D. Tse of the Hong Kong Observatory; M. A. Valente of the
University of Lisbon and M. Barros of the University of Porto for SIGN
contributions; J. S. Woollen of NOAA/NCEP; and V. Wagner and R. Zoellner
of DWD. The IBTrACS dataset benefitted from the considerable work of C.
Landsea and the HURDAT Reanalysis Project. The assembly of the ISPD
under the auspices of the GCOS AOPC/OOPC Working Group on Surface
Pressure and the WCRP/GCOS Working Group on Observational Data Sets for
Reanalysis by NOAA/ESRL, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC),
and the Climate Diagnostics Center (CDC) of the University of Colorado's
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) is
gratefully acknowledged. The HadISST fields are courtesy of N. Rayner,
BADC, and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre. The assistance of M. Fiorino
with daily interpolation of HadISST fields is acknowledged. Access to
the ECHAM4.5 AGCM integrations was courtesy of the IRI data library.;
The ERA-40 and ERA-Interim datasets are curtesy of ECMWF. Access to the
NCEP-NCARReanalysis dataset is courtesy of NOAA ESRL/PSD. The authors
would like to thank referees D. Dee, H. Mitchell, and an anonymous
reviewer for constructive comments on an earlier version of the
manuscript. R. J. Allan receives support under ACRE from the Queensland
Climate Change Centre of Excellence, and from the UK Joint Department of
Energy and Climate Change and Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs Integrated Climate Programme (DECC/Defra GA01101). NCAR is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings,
and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are
those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
National Science Foundation. S. Bronnimann and A. N. Grant were
supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Support for the
Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel
Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and
Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the NOAA
Climate Goal. The project used resources of the National Energy Research
Scientific Computing Center and of the National Center for Computational
Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which are supported by the
Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231 and contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, respectively.
NR 146
TC 1025
Z9 1071
U1 33
U2 201
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
EI 1477-870X
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 654
BP 1
EP 28
DI 10.1002/qj.776
PN A
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 724QX
UT WOS:000287592400001
ER
PT J
AU Shen, XY
Wang, Y
Li, XF
AF Shen, Xinyong
Wang, Yi
Li, Xiaofan
TI Effects of vertical wind shear and cloud radiative processes on
responses of rainfall to the large-scale forcing during pre-summer heavy
rainfall over southern China
SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE cloud-resolving model simulation; convective and stratiform rain-rates;
vertical wind shear; cloud radiative effects; budget analysis
ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CUMULUS ENSEMBLE
MODEL; TROPICAL CONVECTION; STRATIFORM RAINFALL; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS;
PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; MACROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE;
MESOSCALE PROCESSES
AB The pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 is simulated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. The model is integrated with imposed zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapour advection from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data. The effects of vertical wind shear and cloud radiative processes on the response of rainfall to large-scale forcing are analysed through the comparison of two sensitivity experiments with the control experiment. One sensitivity experiment excludes the large-scale vertical wind shear and the other excludes the cloud radiative effects. During the decay phase of convection, the increase in model domain-mean surface rain-rate resulting from the exclusion of vertical wind shear is associated with the slowdown in the decrease of perturbation kinetic energy due to the exclusion of barotropic conversion from mean kinetic energy to perturbation kinetic energy. The increase in domain-mean rain-rate from the exclusion of cloud radiative effects is related to the enhancement of condensation and associated latent heat as a result of strengthened radiative cooling. The increase in the domain-mean surface rain-rate is mainly associated with the increase of convective rainfall, which is in turn related to the local atmospheric change from moistening to drying. During the onset and mature phases of convection, the domain-mean surface rain-rates are generally insensitive to vertical wind shear and cloud radiative effects whereas convective and stratiform rain-rates are sensitive to vertical wind shear and cloud radiative effects. The decrease in convective rain-rate and the increase in stratiform rain-rate are primarily associated with the enhanced transport of hydrometeor concentration from convective regions to raining stratiform regions. Copyright (C) 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Shen, Xinyong] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM shenxy@nuist.edu.cn
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China
[2011CB403405]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033,
41075039]; Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public
Interest [GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
[2009]
FX The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model,
N. Sun at I. M. Systems Group, Inc. for technical assistance and three
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that significantly
improved the early version of this manuscript. This study is supported
by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China
under Grant No. 2011CB403405, the National Natural Science Foundation of
China under Grant No. 40775033 and 41075039, the Chinese Special
Scientific Research Project for Public Interest under Grant No.
GYHY200806009, and the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
under Grant No. 2009.
NR 67
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 7
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0035-9009
J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC
JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 137
IS 654
BP 236
EP 249
DI 10.1002/qj.735
PN A
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 724QX
UT WOS:000287592400016
ER
PT S
AU Vargas, M
Kogan, F
Guo, W
AF Vargas, Marco
Kogan, Felix
Guo, Wei
BE Gao, W
Jackson, TJ
Wang, J
Chang, NB
TI Statistical Normalization of Brightness Temperature Records from the
NOAA/AVHRR
SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY VIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for
Sustainability VIII
CY AUG 22-23, 2011
CL San Diego, CA
SP SPIE
DE AVHRR; brightness temperature; statistical normalization; EDF
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; LAND-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NOAA-AVHRR DATA;
VEGETATION INDEX; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; ORBITAL DRIFT; YIELD; INDIA
AB The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors onboard The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar-orbiting satellites have been measuring electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth in the visible (VIS), Near-Infrared (NIR) and Infrared (IR) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum for nearly 30 years. The Global Vegetation Index Vegetation Health product (GVI-x VH) developed from the AVHRR dataset includes the Brightness Temperature (BT) variable calculated from the IR channels, which in turn is used to estimate other environmental variables such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VTI) among others. However, the satellite measured IR radiances need to be corrected with sufficient accuracy to minimize the uncertainty introduced by a host of sources such as the atmosphere, stratospheric aerosols, and satellite orbital drift before being input into any algorithm to generate remotely sensed products. In this research we have applied a statistical technique based on Empirical Distribution Functions (EDF) to normalize the NOAA GVI-x BT records for the combined effect of the sources of uncertainty mentioned above, avoiding the need for physics based corrections. The normalized results are tested to verify that the normalization improves the data.
C1 [Vargas, Marco; Kogan, Felix] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Vargas, M (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM marco.vargas@noaa.gov
RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Vargas,
Marco/F-5629-2010
OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Vargas,
Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-81948-766-7
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 8156
AR 81560Y
DI 10.1117/12.892556
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BXZ14
UT WOS:000297669400029
ER
PT B
AU Mizobata, K
Wang, J
Hu, HG
Wang, DR
AF Mizobata, Kohei
Wang, Jia
Hu, Haoguo
Wang, Daoru
BE Tang, DL
TI Low Primary Productivity in the Chukchi Sea Controlled by Warm Pacific
Water: A Data-Model Fusion Study
SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE CHANGING OCEANS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference, PORSEC2008
CY DEC 02-06, 2008
CL S China Sea Inst Oceanog, Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Assoc Sci & Technol, Guangdong Nat Sci Fdn
HO S China Sea Inst Oceanog
DE Chlorophyll; Chukchi Sea; Pacific water; SeaWiFS; Coupled ice-ocean
model; Primary productivity
ID BERING-SEA; ICE; BEAUFORT; SHELF; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; OCEAN
AB The Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) has identified a broad low chlorophyll-a (chl-a) area in the Chukchi Sea since 2002. High sea surface temperature from 2002 (more than 5 degrees C), which resulted in a long duration of open water, was also detected by satellite. An intensified ocean color front at the southwest Chukchi Sea near the Siberian Coast indicates nutrient depletion in the Alaska Coastal Current and its branches. A low chl-a area started to emerge in the Hope Valley in June, and then expanded to the Herald Shoal and Hanna Shoal during July and August. The evolution pattern of low chl-a area is consistent with the variability of the pathway of the Pacific water simulated by a Coupled Ice-Ocean Model (CIOM). These results suggest that the summer phytoplankton bloom from 2002 to 2005 was suppressed by the dominance of warm nutrient-poor water from the Pacific, and by the deepening of the surface mixed layer by strong wind stress. During the summer of 2004, a phytoplankton bloom was detected at the ice edge when the sea surface wind field was relatively calm. Our results imply that the ice edge bloom was induced due to weak wind speeds, which produce shallower upper mixed layer, favoring the ice-edge bloom.
C1 [Wang, Jia] NOAA, GLERL, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Mizobata, Kohei] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan.
[Hu, Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Wang, Daoru] Hainan Marine Dev & Design Inst, Haikou, Hainan, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, J (reprint author), NOAA, GLERL, 4840 S State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM mizobata@kaiyodai.ac.jp; jia.wang@noaa.gov; haoguo.hu@noaa.gov;
wangdr6@yahoo.com.cn
FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) through the program of Arctic
Research projects using the IARC (International Arctic Research
Center)-JAXA Information System (IJIS)
FX A part of this study is supported by the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA) through the program of Arctic Research projects using the
IARC (International Arctic Research Center)-JAXA Information System
(IJIS). J.W. and K.M. also appreciate support from the RUSALCA Modeling
Project of the NOAA Office of Arctic Research. The manuscript contents
are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement
of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S.
Government. This is GLERL contribution 1552.
NR 34
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16540-5
PY 2011
BP 239
EP 250
DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16541-2_12
PG 12
WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing
SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing
GA BH0HQ
UT WOS:000395049400012
ER
PT B
AU Song, YT
Han, SC
AF Song, Y. Tony
Han, Shin-Chan
BE Tang, DL
TI Satellite Observations Defying the Long-Held Tsunami Genesis Theory
SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE CHANGING OCEANS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference, PORSEC2008
CY DEC 02-06, 2008
CL S China Sea Inst Oceanog, Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Assoc Sci & Technol, Guangdong Nat Sci Fdn
HO S China Sea Inst Oceanog
DE Tsunami genesis theory; GRACE; Vertical uplift; Horizontal displacement;
Seismograph; GPS data
ID SUMATRA-ANDAMAN EARTHQUAKE; INDIAN-OCEAN TSUNAMI; DECEMBER 26;
GENERATION; ALTIMETRY; AFTERSLIP; BOTTOM
AB Using seismographs and GPS displacement measurements, we have estimated the seafloor deformation history of the December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and the March 2005 Nias earthquake by separating their deformation period into intervals of 800-s, 1-h, and 6-months. We have then calculated their corresponding gravity changes (induced by the seafloor deformation), which are 11.3, 12.5, and 14.9 microgalileo, respectively. We show that the seismographs and GPS-derived values are consistent with the known postseismic to coseismic moment ratio of 30% and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measurements of 15 microgalileo for the same period of 6 months. However, the vertical component of the accumulated seafloor deformation during the tsunami formation period (similar to 30 min) could only generate a potential energy of 1.2 x 10(15) Joules and account for only one third of the actual tsunami height. The evidence is overwhelmingly contrary to the long-held theory that the vertical deformation of seafloor is the primary source of tsunamis.
Furthermore, we have carefully examined the pioneering wave-maker experiment that initially conceived the ubiquitous tsunami genesis theory. Surprisingly, we found that the experimental ratio of the horizontal slip distance to the water depth the non-dimensional parameter that allows comparing the experiment with reality on an apple-to-apple basis was - 200 times of realistic earthquake parameters. The experimental conclusion is problematic in conceiving the tsunami theory. By including the horizontal momentum energy transferred by the faulting continental slope in a three-dimensional tsunami model, we have re-examined the December 2004 tsunami using both seismographs and GPS measurements. Our results show that the new theory is more consistent with altimetry and tide data than the conventional theory of using the vertical force alone, suggesting that the tsunami formation mechanism is not as simple as previously thought.
C1 [Song, Y. Tony] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Han, Shin-Chan] NOAA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Song, YT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
EM Tony.Song@jpl.nasa.gov; Shin-Chan.Han@nasa.gov
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16540-5
PY 2011
BP 327
EP 342
DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16541-2_17
PG 16
WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing
SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing
GA BH0HQ
UT WOS:000395049400017
ER
PT S
AU McDonald, MA
Wang, PC
Siegel, EL
AF McDonald, Michael A.
Wang, Paul C.
Siegel, Eliot L.
BE Achilefu, S
Raghavachari, R
TI Protein Nanospheres: Synergistic Nanoplatform-Based Probes for
Multimodality Imaging
SO REPORTERS, MARKERS, DYES, NANOPARTICLES, AND MOLECULAR PROBES FOR
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS III
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Reporters, Markers, Dyes, Nanoparticles, and Molecular
Probes for Biomedical Applications III
CY JAN 24-26, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP SPIE
DE Protein nanospheres; multimodal imaging; gene delivery; nanoplatform;
synergistic
ID CONTRAST AGENTS; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; WATER EXCHANGE; MRI; SENSITIVITY;
CT
AB No single clinical imaging modality has the ability to provide both high resolution and high sensitivity at the anatomical, functional and molecular level. Synergistically integrated detection techniques overcome these barriers by combining the advantages of different imaging modalities while reducing their disadvantages. We report the development of protein nanospheres optimized for enhancing MRI, CT and US contrast while also providing high sensitivity optical detection. Transferrin protein nanospheres (TfpNS), silicon coated, doped rare earth oxide and rhodamine B isothiocyanate nanoparticles, Si subset of Gd(2)O(3): Eu, RBITC, (NP) and transferrin protein nanospheres encapsulating Si subset of Gd(2)O(3): Eu, RBITC nanoparticles (TfpNS-NP) were prepared in tissue-mimicking phantoms and imaged utilizing multiple cross-sectional imaging modalities. Preliminary results indicate a 1: 1 NP to TfpNS ratio in TfpNS-NP and improved sensitivity of detection for MRI, CT, US and fluorescence imaging relative to its component parts and/or many commercially available contrast agents.
C1 [McDonald, Michael A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP McDonald, MA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-8447-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2011
VL 7910
AR 79101G
DI 10.1117/12.876081
PG 17
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics
GA BXZ86
UT WOS:000297729300028
ER
PT J
AU Nave, G
Sansonetti, CJ
Szabo, CI
Curry, JJ
Smillie, DG
AF Nave, Gillian
Sansonetti, Craig J.
Szabo, Csilla I.
Curry, John J.
Smillie, Darren G.
TI Use of phosphor image plates for measuring intensities in vacuum
ultraviolet spectra
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; LUMINESCENCE; CALIBRATION; LAMP
AB We describe the use of phosphor image plates for recording spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and for determining accurate relative and absolute intensities. We investigated the spatial uniformity, noise, linearity of the response to VUV light, fading characteristics, saturation characteristics, reproducibility of the image when scanned multiple times, and long-term stability and lifetime of the plates. We find that the plates have a linear intensity response with a dynamic range of more than 4 orders of magnitude. We also show that they have potential as an absolute detector for VUV radiation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi :10.1063/1.3529879]
C1 [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.; Szabo, Csilla I.; Curry, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Smillie, Darren G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England.
RP Nave, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM gnave@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
NR 17
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 82
IS 1
AR 013107
DI 10.1063/1.3529879
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 723ZJ
UT WOS:000287545600009
PM 21280816
ER
PT J
AU Carey, MP
Sanderson, BL
Friesen, TA
Barnas, KA
Olden, JD
AF Carey, Michael P.
Sanderson, Beth L.
Friesen, Thomas A.
Barnas, Katie A.
Olden, Julian D.
TI Smallmouth Bass in the Pacific Northwest: A Threat to Native Species; a
Benefit for Anglers
SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE smallmouth bass; predation; sportfish; invasive species; threatened and
endangered salmon
ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN;
NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; LARGEMOUTH BASS; SNAKE RIVERS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT;
ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; NONNATIVE FISHES; CHANNEL CATFISH
AB As a popular sportfish, smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) generates considerable angling opportunities with benefits to local economies even outside of their native range. Smallmouth bass was first introduced to the Pacific Northwest region of North America as a sportfish over 80 years ago, and this species is now widely distributed. More recently, smallmouth bass have become a large component of the fish community in many streams, rivers, and lakes. Smallmouth bass thrive in the Pacific Northwest largely due to the habitat created by human modifications of the landscape. While a desired sportfish, smallmouth bass may also negatively affect native fishes. Of greatest concern is predation on threatened and endangered Pacific salmon; however, the current level of knowledge is inadequate to make informed management decisions for smallmouth bass. Management options for smallmouth bass are complicated further because fisheries agencies are simultaneously charged with enhancing fishing opportunities and controlling predators of threatened and endangered salmon. To advance conservation science, there is a need to determine the utility of different management approaches, and testing options in key areas of overlap between smallmouth bass and salmon is suggested.
C1 [Carey, Michael P.; Sanderson, Beth L.; Barnas, Katie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Friesen, Thomas A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR USA.
[Olden, Julian D.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Carey, MP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Michael.P.Carey@noaa.gov
RI Carey, Michael/G-9516-2012
FU NOAA Fisheries; ODFW; University of Washington; National Research
Council (NRC); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [833834]
FX The authors thank M. Vanlandeghem for insight into bass clubs and
tournaments, M. Weaver of ODFW for the electrofishing data presented in
Figure 2, and D. Holzer for assistance with the map in Figure 1. NOAA
Fisheries, ODFW, and the University of Washington supported this work.
Additional support for M.P.C. was provided through an National Research
Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship at the Northwest Fisheries
Science Center. J.D.O. acknowledges funding support from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Science To Achieve Results (STAR)
Program (Grant 833834). Reviews by L. Kuehne, J. Williams, W. Dickoff,
J. Butzerin, and M. McClure substantially improved the manuscript.
NR 80
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 8
U2 36
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1064-1262
J9 REV FISH SCI
JI Rev. Fish. Sci.
PY 2011
VL 19
IS 3
BP 305
EP 315
DI 10.1080/10641262.2011.598584
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 854RG
UT WOS:000297511300004
ER
PT J
AU Popoveniuc, S
Kelsey, J
Leontie, E
AF Popoveniuc, Stefan
Kelsey, John
Leontie, Eugen
GP IEEE
TI ON THE PRIVACY THREATS OF ELECTRONIC POLL BOOKS
SO SECRYPT 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY
AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Security and Cryptography (SECRYPT)
CY JUL 18-21, 2011
CL ETSII Univ Seville, Seville, SPAIN
SP Inst Syst & Technologies Information, Control & Commun, Inst Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Elect & Elect Engn Syst Council
HO ETSII Univ Seville
DE Voting; Privacy; Blind signature
AB Electronic poll books can rapidly check the eligibility of a voter due to their ability to quickly search lists. However, they also introduce a factor of concern: if the electronic poll book records the order of sign-ins and the voting machine or optical scanner records the order in which the voters cast their ballots, ballot secrecy can be compromised. Worse, if the time at which each voter signs-in and the time at which each ballot is cast are recorded, ballot secrecy is lost. It is surprisingly difficult to avoid saving such timing information, for example in event logs, and even more difficult to verify that no such information is saved. In addition, due to operational complexities, even the more efficient electronic poll books can act as a bottleneck in the voting process. We propose a simple technique to address these concerns, by allowing voters to sign-in from home, and print out a bar-coded ticket to be presented at the check-in table. Using blind signatures, this ticket need not reveal information on the voter's identity to the check-in table at the precinct. The ticket proves than the voter is authorized to vote on a particular ballot style without disclosing her identity.
C1 [Popoveniuc, Stefan] KT Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
[Kelsey, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
[Leontie, Eugen] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA.
RP Popoveniuc, S (reprint author), KT Consulting, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA.
EM poste@gwu.edu; john.kelsey@nist.gov; eugen@gwu.edu
FU NSF [CNS0831149, CNS-09347251]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-10194]
FX Work was made possible in part by grants NSF CNS0831149, NSF
CNS-09347251 and AFOSR FA9550-09-10194.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
PY 2011
BP 281
EP 286
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BB2SG
UT WOS:000342217900035
ER
PT B
AU Rubino, M
AF Rubino, Michael
BE Shumway, SE
TI Shellfish Aquaculture and the Environment Foreword
SO SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 NOAA Aquaculture Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Rubino, M (reprint author), NOAA Aquaculture Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-470-96093-6; 978-0-8138-1413-1
PY 2011
BP XIII
EP XIV
D2 10.1002/9780470960967
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries
GA BA8DK
UT WOS:000338008200001
ER
PT B
AU Wikfors, GH
AF Wikfors, Gary H.
BE Shumway, SE
TI Trophic interactions between phytoplankton and bivalve aquaculture
SO SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA;
HARMFUL ALGAE; WATER-QUALITY; EUTROPHICATION; METABOLISM; MICROALGAE;
NITROGEN; MODEL
C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
NR 56
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND
BN 978-0-470-96093-6; 978-0-8138-1413-1
PY 2011
BP 125
EP 133
D2 10.1002/9780470960967
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries
GA BA8DK
UT WOS:000338008200007
ER
PT J
AU Li, X
Zamponi, M
Hong, KL
Porcar, L
Shew, CY
Jenkins, T
Liu, E
Smith, GS
Herwig, KW
Liu, Y
Chen, WR
AF Li, Xin
Zamponi, Michaela
Hong, Kunlun
Porcar, Lionel
Shew, Chwen-Yang
Jenkins, Timothy
Liu, Emily
Smith, Gregory S.
Herwig, Kenneth W.
Liu, Yun
Chen, Wei-Ren
TI pH Responsiveness of polyelectrolyte dendrimers: a dynamical perspective
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PAMAM DENDRIMERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLY(AMIDOAMINE) DENDRIMERS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES;
INTERNAL DYNAMICS; FIELD GRADIENT; SPIN ECHOES; DIFFUSION
AB A combined quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy study was conducted to investigate the internal dynamics of aqueous (D(2)O) G5 PAMAM dendrimer solutions as a function of molecular protonation at room temperature. Localized motion of the dendrimer segments was clearly exhibited in the QENS data analysis while the global, center-of-mass translational diffusion was measured by NMR. Our results unambiguously demonstrate an increased rapidity in local scale (similar to 3 angstrom) motion upon increasing the molecular protonation. This is contrary to an intuitive picture that increased charge stiffens the dendrimer segments thereby inhibiting local motion. These charge-induced changes may be a result of interactions with the surrounding counterions and water molecules as the segments explore additional intra-dendrimer volume made available by slight electrostatic swelling and redistribution of mass in the dendrimer interior. This observation is relevant to development of a microscopic picture of dendrimer-based packages as guest-molecule delivery vehicles because reorganization of the confining dendrimer segments must be a precursor to guest-molecule release.
C1 [Li, Xin; Zamponi, Michaela; Smith, Gregory S.; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Li, Xin; Liu, Emily] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Zamponi, Michaela] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Porcar, Lionel] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
[Shew, Chwen-Yang] CUNY, Dept Chem, Coll Staten Isl, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA.
[Jenkins, Timothy; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Chen, Wei-Ren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Chen, Wei-Ren] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Herwig, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM herwigkw@ornl.gov; yunliu@nist.gov; chenw@ornl.gov
RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Liu,
Yun/F-6516-2012; Li, Xin/K-9646-2013; Smith, Gregory/D-1659-2016; Hong,
Kunlun/E-9787-2015
OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Li, Xin/0000-0003-0606-434X; Smith,
Gregory/0000-0001-5659-1805; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111
FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL by the Division of Scientific User
Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's SNS was sponsored by
the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. CNMS is sponsored at ORNL by the
Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 33
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 39
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 2
BP 618
EP 622
DI 10.1039/c0sm00671h
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 705EE
UT WOS:000286110900038
ER
PT J
AU Sadakane, K
Iguchi, N
Nagao, M
Endo, H
Melnichenko, YB
Seto, H
AF Sadakane, Koichiro
Iguchi, Natsuki
Nagao, Michihiro
Endo, Hitoshi
Melnichenko, Yuri B.
Seto, Hideki
TI 2D-Ising-like critical behavior in mixtures of water and
3-methylpyridine including antagonistic salt or ionic surfactant
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING;
X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHASE-SEPARATION; 3RD COMPONENTS; CRITICAL-POINT;
CROSSOVER; SYSTEM; RENORMALIZATION; DENSITY
AB The effect of an antagonistic salt on the phase behavior and nanoscale structure of a mixture of D(2)O and 3-methylpyridine was investigated by visual inspection and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The addition of the antagonistic salt, namely sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh(4)), induces the shrinking of the two-phase region in contrast to the case in which a normal (hydrophilic) salt is added. Below the phase separation point, the SANS profiles cannot be described by the Ornstein-Zernike function owing to the existence of a long-range periodic structure. With increasing salt concentration, the critical exponents change from the values of 3D-Ising and approach those of 2D-Ising. These results suggest that the concentration fluctuation of the mixture of solvents is limited to a quasi two-dimensional space by the periodic structure induced by the adding the salt. The same behaviors were also observed in mixtures composed of water, 3-methylpyridine, and ionic surfactant.
C1 [Sadakane, Koichiro; Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Sadakane, Koichiro; Seto, Hideki] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, CMRC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Iguchi, Natsuki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Endo, Hitoshi] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, NSL, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
[Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, CEEM, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
RP Seto, H (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
EM hideki.seto@kek.jp
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011;
OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576
FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of
Japan; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors acknowledge Prof. A. Onuki at Kyoto University for valuable
discussions. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research on Priority Area "Soft Matter Physics'' from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. The
SANS experiments in JAEA were performed under the approval of the
Neutron Scattering Program Advisory Committee (Proposal No. 8616). The
Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor
was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, and approved by the
steering committee of the US-Japan Collaborative Program on Neutron
Scattering (2008-14).
NR 27
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 9
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 4
BP 1334
EP 1340
DI 10.1039/c0sm00598c
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 718AM
UT WOS:000287091600012
ER
PT J
AU Tegze, G
Granasy, L
Toth, GI
Douglas, JF
Pusztai, T
AF Tegze, Gyoergy
Granasy, Laszlo
Toth, Gyula I.
Douglas, Jack F.
Pusztai, Tamas
TI Tuning the structure of non-equilibrium soft materials by varying the
thermodynamic driving force for crystal ordering
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ISING-MODEL; ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION;
COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; 2 DIMENSIONS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION;
INTERFACE; STATE
AB The present work explores the ubiquitous morphological changes in crystallizing systems with increasing thermodynamic driving force based on a novel dynamic density functional theory. A colloidal 'soft' material is chosen as a model system for our investigation since there are careful colloidal crystallization observations at a particle scale resolution for comparison, which allows for a direct verification of our simulation predictions. We particularly focus on a theoretically unanticipated, and generic, morphological transition leading to progressively irregular-shaped single crystals in both colloidal and polymeric materials with an increasing thermodynamic driving force. Our simulation method significantly extends previous 'phase field' simulations by incorporating a minimal description of the 'atomic' structure of the material, while allowing simultaneously for a description of large scale crystal growth. We discover a 'fast' mode of crystal growth at high driving force, suggested before in experimental colloidal crystallization studies, and find that the coupling of this crystal mode to the well-understood 'diffusive' or 'slow' crystal growth mode (giving rise to symmetric crystal growth mode and dendritic crystallization as in snowflakes by the Mullins-Sekerka instability) can greatly affect the crystal morphology at high thermodynamic driving force. In particular, an understanding of this interplay between these fast and slow crystal growth modes allows us to describe basic crystallization morphologies seen in both colloidal suspensions with increasing particle concentration and crystallizing polymer films with decreasing temperature: compact symmetric crystals, dendritic crystals, fractal-like structures, and then a return to compact symmetric single crystal growth again.
C1 [Tegze, Gyoergy; Granasy, Laszlo; Toth, Gyula I.; Pusztai, Tamas] Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
[Granasy, Laszlo] Brunel Univ, Brunel Ctr Adv Solidificat Technol, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tegze, G (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
EM turpi@szfki.hu; grana@szfki.hu; jack.douglas@nist.gov
RI Pusztai, Tamas/A-5718-2012; Granasy, Laszlo/A-6221-2012
OI Pusztai, Tamas/0000-0002-1281-2933;
FU EU [NMP4-SL-2008-213669]; Hungarian Academy of Sciences [OTKA-K-62588]
FX This work has been supported by the EU FP7 Collaborative Project
ENSEMBLE under Grant Agreement NMP4-SL-2008-213669 and by the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences under contract OTKA-K-62588.
NR 53
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 20
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 5
BP 1789
EP 1799
DI 10.1039/c0sm00944j
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 724PN
UT WOS:000287588800034
ER
PT J
AU Kjallman, THM
Nelson, A
James, M
Dura, JA
Travas-Sejdic, J
McGillivray, DJ
AF Kjaellman, Tanja H. M.
Nelson, Andrew
James, Michael
Dura, Joseph A.
Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka
McGillivray, Duncan J.
TI A neutron reflectivity study of the interfacial and thermal behaviour of
surface-attached hairpin DNA
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR BEACON BIOSENSORS; SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC DETECTION; GOLD SURFACES;
ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERROGATION; HYBRIDIZATION; MONOLAYERS; PROBES;
SENSOR; REFLECTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY
AB Mixed self-assembled monolayers (mSAMs) have been successfully utilised as platforms for gene sensors, employing optical as well as electrochemical means of detection. Probe density is one of the most important parameters in the construction of such a sensor and thus a fundamental understanding of the structure within the mSAM is vital. In this work, the interfacial behaviour of mixed SAMs, where short PEG oligomers co-adsorbed to the surface with hairpin structured oligonucleotide (ODN) probes, has been investigated. The neutron reflectivity of the mixed SAMs was measured at differing HPP : PEG ratios, and through two routes of formation, to elucidate the effect of controlled HPP surface density on surface conformation of the probes and on the final hybridised ODN-HPP construct. General conclusions regarding the structure of the investigated SAMs could be drawn from determined thickness and volume fraction values and conformational changes in the mSAM, induced by hybridisation with complementary ODN, were also detected. An investigation of the melting behaviour of the surface-attached HPPs was also conducted with polarised neutron reflectivity and clear signs of melting were observed in the reflectivity and the SLD profiles around 45 degrees C.
C1 [Kjaellman, Tanja H. M.; Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka] Univ Auckland, Polymer Elect Res Ctr, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
[Nelson, Andrew; James, Michael] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia.
[James, Michael] Univ New S Wales, Sch Chem, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.
[Dura, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Travas-Sejdic, Jadranka] MacDiarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Christchurch, New Zealand.
[McGillivray, Duncan J.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand.
RP Travas-Sejdic, J (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Polymer Elect Res Ctr, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
EM tanja.kjallman@gmail.com; j.travas-sejdic@auckland.ac.nz
RI James, Michael/A-8960-2011; Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008; Sanders,
Susan/G-1957-2011; Nelson, Andrew/C-2545-2012; McGillivray,
Duncan/B-9819-2009
OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Nelson, Andrew/0000-0002-4548-3558;
McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792
FU Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE); Royal
Society of New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology
FX The authors thank the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and
Engineering (AINSE), the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New
Zealand and the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and
Nanotechnology for financial support, and the NIST Center for Nanoscale
Science and Technology for access to equipment. TK is grateful to the
staff of the Bragg Institute for the help during the Platypus
reflectometer commissioning. DJM gratefully acknowledges support from an
AINSE Research Fellowship.
NR 36
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 7
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 10
BP 5020
EP 5029
DI 10.1039/c0sm01284j
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 759FZ
UT WOS:000290227400058
ER
PT J
AU Engstrom, D
Trivedi, RP
Persson, M
Goksor, M
Bertness, KA
Smalyukh, II
AF Engstrom, David
Trivedi, Rahul P.
Persson, Martin
Goksor, Mattias
Bertness, Kris A.
Smalyukh, Ivan I.
TI Three-dimensional imaging of liquid crystal structures and defects by
means of holographic manipulation of colloidal nanowires with faceted
sidewalls
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANISOTROPIC FLUIDS; POLARIZING MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL MANIPULATION;
DYNAMICS; ORDER; DISLOCATIONS; SYSTEMS; PHASES
AB We use nanowires with faceted sidewalls for mapping of the patterns of three-dimensional orientational order and defect structures. In chiral nematics, the nanowires follow the local average orientation of rod-shaped molecules. When spatially translated by use of holographic optical tweezers in three dimensions, they mediate direct nondestructive visualization of the helicoidal ground-state structures, edge and screw dislocations, and kinks, as well as enable non-contact manipulation of these defects. We probe interactions of faceted nanowires with different defects and demonstrate their spontaneous self-alignment along the cores of singular defect lines.
C1 [Engstrom, David; Trivedi, Rahul P.; Persson, Martin; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Engstrom, David; Persson, Martin; Goksor, Mattias] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Trivedi, Rahul P.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bertness, Kris A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Smalyukh, II (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu
RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011
OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966
FU University of Colorado; International Institute for Complex Adaptive
Matter; NSF [DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, DMR-0847782];
Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher
Education
FX This work was supported by the Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Initiative and Innovation Initiative Seed Grant Programs of University
of Colorado, International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, and by
NSF grants DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, and DMR-0847782. D. E.
acknowledges the support of the Swedish Foundation for International
Cooperation in Research and Higher Education. We thank Noel Clark, Jason
Gray, Tom Lubensky, Chuck Rogers, Leo Radzihovsky, and Hideo Takezoe for
discussions.
NR 41
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 10
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
EI 1744-6848
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 13
BP 6304
EP 6312
DI 10.1039/c1sm05170a
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 780RP
UT WOS:000291876600046
ER
PT J
AU Nagao, M
Chawang, S
Hawa, T
AF Nagao, Michihiro
Chawang, Sukhum
Hawa, Takumi
TI Interlayer distance dependence of thickness fluctuations in a swollen
lamellar phase
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; BLACK LIPID-MEMBRANES; COARSE-GRAINED MODEL; DROPLET
MICROEMULSIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; BENDING MODULI; BILAYER; SPECTROSCOPY;
SPECTROMETER; SIMULATIONS
AB Thickness fluctuations in a swollen lamellar structure, composed of a non-ionic surfactant, water and oil have been characterized by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE) experiments, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulation. The static and dynamic structures of the membranes are measured as a function of the interlayer distance (membrane thickness), d(m). The oil to surfactant volume ratio is changed at a constant surfactant volume fraction, so that d(m) is changed while maintaining the inter-lamellar repeat distance constant in the experiments. Two relaxation modes are observed from the NSE data, which are the bending motion and the thickness fluctuations. The bending rigidity of the membranes is a function of the membrane thickness. At low d(m) the membranes become rigid due to the enhancement of the thickness fluctuations, while at large d(m) the membranes tend to be flexible because of the decrease in the synchronization between the two interface layers. The thickness fluctuations are measured by NSE as an excess dynamics from the bending motion around the length scales of the membrane thickness, and a similar excess dynamics is observed in the CGMD simulation. Moreover, a method to estimate the thickness fluctuation amplitude in the experiment is proposed, and the validity of the method is verified by the simulation. An excellent agreement between the experiments and the simulations shows that the amplitude is about 12% of the membrane thickness and almost linearly increases with d(m). The present result shows the importance of the intra-membrane dynamics to determine the elastic properties of membranes, and the feasibility of the measurement of thickness fluctuations in surfactant membranes using NSE experiments and MD simulations.
C1 [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
[Chawang, Sukhum; Hawa, Takumi] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Nagao, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mnagao@indiana.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX MN acknowledges Drs P. Butler and S.R. Kline for their help to perform
SANS experiment and Prof. H. Seto, Drs A. Faraone and D. Neumann for
many helpful discussion. This work utilized facilities supported in part
by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772.
NR 51
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 4
U2 18
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 14
BP 6598
EP 6605
DI 10.1039/c1sm05477e
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 795PG
UT WOS:000292985500031
ER
PT J
AU Srebnik, S
Douglas, JF
AF Srebnik, Simcha
Douglas, Jack F.
TI Self-assembly of charged particles on nanotubes and the emergence of
particle rings, chains, ribbons and chiral sheets
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID PHASE-SEPARATION; LATTICE MODEL; S-LAYERS; POLYMERIZATION; POLYMERS;
CLUSTERS; DNA; NANOPARTICLES; ORGANIZATION; MOLECULES
AB A diverse range of supramolecular assembly processes arise from the competition between directional and isotropic intermolecular interactions. Directional interactions often have a charge origin or form local patchy interactions associated with a chemically heterogeneous particle surface, hydrogen bonding, pi-pi interactions and metal-ligand group complexation, or alternatively, interaction anisotropy can arise geometrically from the shape of the assembling particles or the presence of a curved surface on which the self-assembly occurs. In the present work, we focus on the nature of the self-assembly of spherical charged particles with competing van der Waals interactions bound to cylindrical surfaces, a system inspired by the self-assembly patterns found in kinesin-13 and dynamin proteins on microtubules and the self-assembled layers of DNA that organize about single wall carbon nanotubes. As in bulk fluids, we find a general tendency of positive and negative ions to form dipoles and other low energy multipolar clusters having a vanishing net charge whose directional interactions give rise to the self-assembly of ribbon and chain structures at low particle concentrations and chiral sheet structures at high particle concentrations. These chiral patterns are characterized by rectangular and hexagonal local packing symmetries, respectively, when the charge or van der Waals interactions are predominant. The chirality of these patterns is induced from a competition between the scales of the particle size and the diameter of the cylinder on which they are confined. Interesting defective layers of particles involving sheet perforations are seen when the van der Waals and charge interactions compete strongly so that no single morphology then predominates. The self-assembly of the charged particles into chains and sheets at low particle concentrations exhibits 'reentrancy', meaning that the extent of particle ordering into extended structures varies non-monotonically with temperature, as has been observed in a number of experimental systems. A transition from a ribbon to string morphology is also observed as the mass of the self-assembled particle clusters exceeds a critical mass.
C1 [Srebnik, Simcha] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
[Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Srebnik, S (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel.
EM simchas@tx.technion.ac.il; jack.douglas@nist.gov
NR 72
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 5
U2 37
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 15
BP 6897
EP 6905
DI 10.1039/c1sm05168g
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 795LX
UT WOS:000292976800021
ER
PT J
AU Kelley, EG
Smart, TP
Jackson, AJ
Sullivan, MO
Epps, TH
AF Kelley, Elizabeth G.
Smart, Thomas P.
Jackson, Andrew J.
Sullivan, Millicent O.
Epps, Thomas H., III
TI Structural changes in block copolymer micelles induced by cosolvent
mixtures
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS;
INTERFACIAL-TENSION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CORONA
MICELLES; SURFACE-TENSION; SCATTERING; WATER
AB We investigated the influence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) addition on the structure of poly(1,2-butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) [PB-PEO] micelles in aqueous solution. Our studies showed that while the micelles remained starlike, the micelle core-corona interfacial tension and micelle size decreased upon THF addition. The detailed effects of the reduction in interfacial tension were probed using contrast variations in small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. At low THF contents (high interfacial tensions), the SANS data were fit to a micelle form factor that incorporated a radial density distribution of corona chains to account for the starlike micelle profile. However, at higher THF contents (low interfacial tensions), the presence of free chains in solution affected the scattering at high q and required the implementation of a linear combination of micelle and Gaussian coil form factors. These SANS data fits indicated that the reduction in interfacial tension led to broadening of the core-corona interface, which increased the PB chain solvent accessibility at intermediate THF solvent fractions. We also noted that the micelle cores swelled with increasing THF addition, suggesting that previous assumptions of the micelle core solvent content in cosolvent mixtures may not be accurate. Control over the size, corona thickness, and extent of solvent accessible PB in these micelles can be a powerful tool in the development of targeting delivery vehicles.
C1 [Kelley, Elizabeth G.; Smart, Thomas P.; Jackson, Andrew J.; Sullivan, Millicent O.; Epps, Thomas H., III] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Jackson, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Epps, TH (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
EM thepps@udel.edu
RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012; Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Sullivan,
Millicent/D-1568-2012
OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Sullivan,
Millicent/0000-0002-4787-7534
FU NIH-NCRR COBRE [P20RR017716]; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce
[70NANB7H6178]; DoD NDSEG; DoE, Office of Science, BES
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF CRIF: MU CEH [0840401]
FX This work was supported by NIH-NCRR COBRE (#P20RR017716) and NIST, U.S.
Department of Commerce (#70NANB7H6178). The statements herein do not
reflect the views of NIH. E.G.K. was supported by a DoD NDSEG
Fellowship. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials,
suppliers and software are identified in the paper to aid understanding.
Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that
the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available
for the purpose. SAXS data were collected at the DND-CAT, Sector 5 of
the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E. I. DuPont
de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company, and the State of Illinois.
Use of the APS was supported by the DoE, Office of Science, BES
(#DE-AC02-06CH11357). 1H NMR spectra were collected on
instrumentation supported by NSF CRIF: MU CEH 0840401. We acknowledge
the Keck Microscopy Facility for use of their TEM and Vitrobot, and the
Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics for use of their
DLS. We thank Dr Y. Liu, Dr P. Butler, and Dr J. Seppala for helpful
SANS discussions. We also thank Prof. J. O'Donnell for assistance with
polymer characterization, Ms. J. Albert for assistance with contact
angle measurements, and Ms. C. Marino for contributions to data
collection.
NR 54
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 3
U2 45
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 15
BP 7094
EP 7102
DI 10.1039/c1sm05506b
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 795LX
UT WOS:000292976800044
ER
PT J
AU Rykaczewski, K
Scott, JHJ
Rajauria, S
Chinn, J
Chinn, AM
Jones, W
AF Rykaczewski, Konrad
Scott, John Henry J.
Rajauria, Sukumar
Chinn, Jeff
Chinn, Amy M.
Jones, Wanda
TI Three dimensional aspects of droplet coalescence during dropwise
condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER CONDENSATION; ULTRAHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; LOTUS LEAF
AB We report formation of nano-to-microscale satellite droplets in the geometrical shadow of high contact angle primary drops during dropwise water condensation on a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface (SHS). The primary drops contribute to the heat transfer process by sweeping up satellite droplets without covering their nucleation site and thus allow for rapid condensation of multiple droplets from the same site.
C1 [Rykaczewski, Konrad; Scott, John Henry J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rajauria, Sukumar] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rajauria, Sukumar] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Chinn, Jeff; Chinn, Amy M.; Jones, Wanda] Integrated Surface Technol Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM konrad.rykaczewki@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU National Science Foundation [IIP-1026571]
FX This research was performed while K. Rykaczewski held a National
Research Council American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NRC ARRA)
Research Associateship at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology in Gaithersburg, MD. Support for this work by Integrated
Surface Technologies was provided in part by the National Science
Foundation under grant IIP-1026571.
NR 45
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 8
U2 56
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
EI 1744-6848
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 19
BP 8749
EP 8752
DI 10.1039/c1sm06219k
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 822YE
UT WOS:000295085700008
ER
PT J
AU Kim, S
Douglas, JF
Soles, CL
Karim, A
Briber, RM
AF Kim, Sangcheol
Douglas, Jack F.
Soles, Christopher L.
Karim, Alamgir
Briber, R. M.
TI Using block copolymer self-assembly to imprint the crystallization of
polymer dendrites
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; INTERFACIAL ENERGIES; SURFACE;
NANOSTRUCTURES; MINERALIZATION; MORPHOLOGIES; MICRODOMAINS; TRANSITION;
MONOLAYERS
AB We utilize the self-assembly of cylinder-forming block copolymer (BCP) films to create templates for dendritic polymer crystallization patterns. This templating was achieved by simply spin-casting thin films from a solution containing both the BCP [polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO)] and a homopolymer (polyethylene oxide) under controlled vapor atmosphere conditions, without the need for any additional processing (e. g. solvent or thermal annealing). The BCP first organized into a hexagonal array of vertically oriented PEO cylinders that served to template dendritic PEO homopolymer crystals on the surface of the BCP pattern. No surface defects such as dewetting holes or macroscopically phase-separated domains were observed on top of the BCP film. We find that the PEO dendrites crystallized on this BCP template exhibit a periodic height undulation pattern on their surface. The undulation pattern directly reflects the hexagonal pattern symmetry and associated height undulations of the BCP underneath these crystals. The formation of this hierarchically organized polymer crystallization morphology illustrates how one self-assembly can be used as a template to control the organization of another self-assembly process-a fabrication strategy of potentially great significance in the programming of complex structures using self-assembly.
C1 [Kim, Sangcheol; Douglas, Jack F.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
[Briber, R. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kim, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sangcheol.kim@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012
OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942
NR 38
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 26
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 19
BP 8969
EP 8976
DI 10.1039/c1sm05768e
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 822YE
UT WOS:000295085700037
ER
PT J
AU Simmons, DS
Douglas, JF
AF Simmons, David S.
Douglas, Jack F.
TI Nature and interrelations of fast dynamic properties in a coarse-grained
glass-forming polymer melt
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ELASTIC RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; STORAGE STABILITY;
INTERNAL DYNAMICS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; LIQUIDS; RELAXATION; SCATTERING;
PROTEINS; BEHAVIOR
AB Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that the dynamics of glass-forming liquids on fast picosecond timescales are directly relevant to developing effective formulations for protein drug preservation. In these systems, short-time dynamic properties, including the Debye-Waller factor, non-ergodicity parameter, and the 'fast beta' relaxation time, are 'tuned' by the addition of antiplasticizer additives, with associated improvements in protein preservation. We employ molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained polymer melt with and without the addition of an antiplasticizer additive to characterize how these fast dynamic properties interrelate and how they are altered by the addition of antiplasticizer additives. We find that the Gaussian approximation for the van Hove correlation function holds to an excellent approximation at short times, facilitating the establishment of precise interrelations between these properties and the characterization of their temperature and composition dependence. Following previous studies, we first fit the fast relaxation process to an empirical 'stretched Gaussian' form (exp[-(t/tau)(beta)] with 1 < beta < 2) and find that beta equals 3/2 over a wide range of temperature for the post-inertial relaxation process. We then consider a more theoretically motivated description of fast beta relaxation inspired by an earlier model for the relaxation of a fractal network of elastic clusters in glass-forming colloids, and we find that this description provides an excellent fit to the entire short time relaxation over a large range of temperatures with physically meaningful parameters. Finally, we show that it is possible to tune the fast beta relaxation process with antiplasticizer additives, resulting in effects that rationally enhance protein preservation in glassy sugar matrices.
C1 [Simmons, David S.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Simmons, DS (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Simmons.DavidS@gmail.com; Jack.Douglas@nist.gov
OI Simmons, David/0000-0002-1436-9269
FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Research Council National
Institute of Standards and Technology
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Marcus Cicerone for valuable
conversations and feedback. The authors thank Francis Starr for the idea
of fitting the fast relaxation of Fs(q,t) to a stretched
Gaussian. This work was funded in part under NIH/NIBIB Grant R01
EB006398-01A1. DSS acknowledges funding from a National Research Council
National Institute of Standards and Technology Postdoctoral Research
Associateship.
NR 59
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 16
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 22
BP 11010
EP 11020
DI 10.1039/c1sm06189e
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 839SA
UT WOS:000296388300065
ER
PT S
AU Gautam, S
Alvarez, F
Arbe, A
Tyagi, M
Frick, B
Colmenero, J
AF Gautam, S.
Alvarez, F.
Arbe, A.
Tyagi, M.
Frick, B.
Colmenero, J.
BE Garg, AB
Mittal, R
Mukhopadhyay, R
TI Dynamical Properties of Plasticizer in Polyvinyl Acetate
SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS
SYMPOSIUM 2010, PTS A AND B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 55th Symposium on DAE Solid State Physics (SSPS)
CY DEC 26-30, 2010
CL Manipal Univ, Manipal, INDIA
SP Govt India, Dept Atom Energy (DAE), Board Res Nucl Sci (BRNS)
HO Manipal Univ
DE Polymers; Neutron Scattering; MD Simulation
AB Dynamical properties of polymers in a blend are known to exhibit unusual features. For example, dynamic heterogeneities can be observed in a blend with asymmetries in the composition or the glass transition temperature of the blend components. The relaxation functions corresponding to the individual components in such a blend are also known to be broadened. If the asymmetry is large, even confinement like features can be observed. A similar situation could arise in an asymmetric system consisting of a polymer and a low molecular weight system (a plasticizer). Here we report the structural and dynamical properties of a system with 75% PVAc/25% trimer (Polyvinyl acetate and its trimer), a system with high T-g asymmetry (T-g(PVAc) = 314 K, T-g (Trimer) = 209 K, T-g(Average) = 259 K).
C1 [Gautam, S.; Arbe, A.; Colmenero, J.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
[Alvarez, F.; Arbe, A.; Colmenero, J.] CSIC, UPV EHU, San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
[Alvarez, F.; Colmenero, J.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20080, Spain.
[Tyagi, M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Frick, B.] Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble 9, France.
RP Gautam, S (reprint author), Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain.
EM sckgauts@ehu.es
RI Gautam, Siddharth/F-5835-2014; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Arbe,
Arantxa/G-8178-2015; Colmenero, Juan/G-8725-2015; Alvarez,
Fernando/G-8836-2015; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012
OI Gautam, Siddharth/0000-0003-1443-5382; Tyagi, Madhu
Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Arbe, Arantxa/0000-0002-5137-4649; Colmenero,
Juan/0000-0002-2440-4953; Alvarez, Fernando/0000-0002-7038-0315;
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-0905-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2011
VL 1349
BP 583
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3605993
PG 2
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA BZT87
UT WOS:000302939900271
ER
PT S
AU Small, C
Elvidge, CD
AF Small, Christopher
Elvidge, Christopher D.
BE Stein, A
Pebesma, E
Heuvelink, G
TI Mapping Decadal Change in Anthropogenic Night Light
SO SPATIAL STATISTICS 2011: MAPPING GLOBAL CHANGE
SE Procedia Environmental Sciences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Spatial Statistics - Mapping Global
Change
CY MAR 23-25, 2011
CL Enschede, NETHERLANDS
SP Twente Univ, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat (ITC), Wageningen Univ, Univ Muenster
DE night light; urban; development; EOF analysis; PCA; Zipf; spatial
network; fractal; percolation
AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) sensors have imaged emitted light from Earth's surface since the 1970's. Temporal overlap in the missions of 5 OLS sensors allows for intercalibration of the annual composites over the past 19 years [1]. The resulting image time series captures a spatiotemporal signature of human settlement growth and evolution. We use temporal Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to characterize and quantify patterns of temporal change in stable night light brightness and spatial extent since 1992. Temporal EOF analysis provides a statistical basis for representing spatially abundant temporal patterns in the image time series as uncorrelated vectors of brightness as a function of time from 1992 to 2009. The variance partition of the eigenvalue spectrum combined with temporal structure of the EOFs provides a basis for distinguishing between deterministic temporal trends and stochastic year to year variance. The low order EOFs and Principal Components (PC) space together discriminate both earlier (1990s) and later (2000s) increases and decreases in brightness. Inverse transformation of these low order dimensions reduces stochastic variance sufficiently so that tri-temporal composites depict deterministic decadal trends. The most pronounced changes occur in Asia. Throughout Asia a variety of different patterns of brightness increase are visible in tri-temporal brightness composites -as well as some conspicuous areas of apparently decreasing background luminance and, in many places, intermittent light suggesting development of infrastructure rather than persistently lighted development. Vicarious validation using higher resolution imagery reveals multiple phases of urban growth in several cities, numerous instances of highway construction, extensive terracing networks and hydroelectric dam construction [3]. Lights also allow us to quantify the size distribution and connectedness of different intensities of development. Over a wide range of brightnesses, size distributions of spatially contiguous lighted area are well-fit by power laws with exponents near -1 as predicted by Zipf's Law. However, the larger lighted segments are much larger than individual cities; they correspond to vast spatial networks of contiguous development.[2] (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Spatial Statistics 2011
C1 [Small, Christopher] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Small, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM small@LDEO.columbia.edu
RI Stein, Alfred/D-4731-2009
OI Stein, Alfred/0000-0002-9456-1233
NR 6
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1878-0296
J9 PROCEDIA ENVIRON SCI
PY 2011
VL 7
BP 353
EP 358
DI 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.07.061
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BDA11
UT WOS:000312269400061
ER
PT B
AU Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
AF Czichos, Horst
Saito, Tetsuya
Smith, Leslie
BE Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
TI Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing Preface to the 2nd Edition
SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Czichos, Horst] Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
[Saito, Tetsuya] NIMS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Smith, Leslie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Czichos, H (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
EM horst.czichos@t-online.de
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2
PY 2011
BP V
EP V
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9
PG 1
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization &
Testing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science
GA BG0WX
UT WOS:000386558400001
ER
PT B
AU Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
AF Czichos, Horst
Saito, Tetsuya
Smith, Leslie
BE Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
TI Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing Preface to the 1st Edition
SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Czichos, Horst] Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
[Saito, Tetsuya] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
[Smith, Leslie] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Czichos, H (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Berlin, BHT Berlin, Luxemburger Str 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
EM horst.czichos@t-online.de
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2
PY 2011
BP VII
EP VII
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9
PG 1
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization &
Testing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science
GA BG0WX
UT WOS:000386558400002
ER
PT B
AU May, WE
Cavanagh, RR
Turk, GC
Winchester, M
Travis, J
Smith, MV
DeRose, P
Choquette, SJ
Kramer, GW
Sieber, JR
Greenberg, RR
Lindstrom, R
Lamaze, G
Zeisler, R
Schantz, M
Sander, L
Phinney, KW
Welch, M
Vetter, T
Pratt, KW
Scott, JHJ
Small, J
Wight, S
Stranick, SJ
Matschat, R
Reich, P
AF May, Willie E.
Cavanagh, Richard R.
Turk, Gregory C.
Winchester, Michael
Travis, John
Smith, Melody V.
DeRose, Paul
Choquette, Steven J.
Kramer, Gary W.
Sieber, John R.
Greenberg, Robert R.
Lindstrom, Richard
Lamaze, George
Zeisler, Rolf
Schantz, Michele
Sander, Lane
Phinney, Karen W.
Welch, Michael
Vetter, Thomas
Pratt, Kenneth W.
Scott, John H. J.
Small, John
Wight, Scott
Stranick, Stephan J.
Matschat, Ralf
Reich, Peter
BE Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
TI Analytical Chemistry
SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DISCHARGE MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; PROBE MICROANALYZER; SPECTROSCOPY;
ELEMENTS; PLASMA; TRACE; ELECTROPHORESIS; QUANTIFICATION
AB Measurements of the chemical compositions of materials and the levels of certain substances in them are vital when assessing and improving public health, safety and the environment, are necessary to ensure trade equity, and are required when monitoring and improving industrial products and services. Chemical measurements play a crucial role in most areas of the economy, including healthcare, food and nutrition, agriculture, environmental technologies, chemicals and materials, instrumentation, electronics, forensics, energy, and transportation.
This chapter presents a broad overview of the analytical techniques that can be used to perform the higher order chemical characterization of materials. Techniques covered include mass spectrometry, molecular spectrometry, atomic spectrometry, nuclear analytical methods, chromatographic methods and classical chemical methods.
For each technique, information is provided on the principle(s) of operation, the scope of the technique, the nature of the sample that can be used, qualitative analysis, traceable quantitative analysis, and key references. Examples of representative data are provided for each technique, where possible.
C1 [May, Willie E.; Sieber, John R.] NIST, CSTL, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8300, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cavanagh, Richard R.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Turk, Gregory C.; Winchester, Michael; Travis, John; Greenberg, Robert R.; Lindstrom, Richard; Lamaze, George; Zeisler, Rolf; Schantz, Michele; Phinney, Karen W.; Vetter, Thomas; Pratt, Kenneth W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Smith, Melody V.] NIST, Biospect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[DeRose, Paul; Choquette, Steven J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kramer, Gary W.] NIST, Biospect Grp, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sander, Lane] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Welch, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Scott, John H. J.; Small, John; Wight, Scott] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Dept Commerce, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP May, WE (reprint author), NIST, CSTL, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8300, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM willie.may@nist.gov; richard.cavanagh@nist.gov; turk@nist.gov;
mrw@nist.gov; john.travis@nist.gov; melody.smith@nist.gov;
paul.derose@nist.gov; steven.choquette@nist.gov; gary.kramer@nist.gov;
john.sieber@nist.gov; robert.greenberg@nist.gov;
richard.lindstrom@nist.gov; george.lamaze@nist.gov;
rolf.zeisler@nist.gov; michele.schantz@nist.gov; lane.sander@nist.gov;
karen.phinney@nist.gov; michael.welch@nist.gov; thomas.vetter@nist.gov;
kenneth.pratt@nist.gov; johnhenry.scott@nist.gov; john.small@nist.gov;
scott.wight@nist.gov; stranick@nist.gov; ralf.matschat43@web.de;
peterreichberlin@email.de
NR 123
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2
PY 2011
BP 145
EP 203
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9
PG 59
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization &
Testing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science
GA BG0WX
UT WOS:000386558400006
ER
PT B
AU Wiederhorn, SM
Fields, RJ
Low, S
Bahng, GW
Wehrstedt, A
Hahn, J
Tomota, Y
Miyata, T
Lin, HQ
Freeman, BD
Aihara, S
Hagihara, Y
Tagawa, T
AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.
Fields, Richard J.
Low, Samuel
Bahng, Gun-Woong
Wehrstedt, Alois
Hahn, Junhee
Tomota, Yo
Miyata, Takashi
Lin, Haiqing
Freeman, Benny D.
Aihara, Shuji
Hagihara, Yukito
Tagawa, Tetsuya
BE Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
TI Mechanical Properties
SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID KINETIC GRAVIMETRIC SORPTION; MIXED-GAS SORPTION; YOUNGS MODULUS;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS;
POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); HARDENING MATERIAL; POLYMERS; DIFFUSION
AB Materials used in engineering applications as structural components are subject to loads, defined by the application purpose. The mechanical properties of materials characterize the response of a material to loading.
The mechanical loading action on materials in engineering applications may be static or dynamic and can basically be categorized as tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion. In addition, thermomechanical loading effects can occur (Chap. 8). There may also be gas loads from the environment, leading to gas/materials interactions (Chap. 6) and to transport phenomena such as permeation and diffusion.
The mechanical loading action and the corresponding response of materials can be illustrated by the well-known stress-strain curve (for definition see Sect. 7.1.2). Its different regimes and characteristic data points characterize the mechanical behavior of materials treated in this chapter in terms of elasticity (Sect. 7.1), plasticity (Sect. 7.2), hardness (Sect. 7.3), strength (Sect. 7.4), and fracture (Sect. 7.5). Methods for the determination of permeation and diffusion are compiled in Sect. 7.6.
C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.; Fields, Richard J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Low, Samuel] NIST, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bahng, Gun-Woong] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Chem & Mat Metrol, Daejeon 305600, South Korea.
[Wehrstedt, Alois] DIN, Normenausschuss Mat Prufung NMP, D-10787 Berlin, Germany.
[Hahn, Junhee] KRISS, Div Ind Metrol, Daejeon 305340, South Korea.
[Tomota, Yo] Ibaraki Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Fac Engn, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan.
[Miyata, Takashi; Tagawa, Tetsuya] Nagoya Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
[Lin, Haiqing] Membrane Technol & Res Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Freeman, Benny D.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Aihara, Shuji] Nippon Steel Corp Ltd, Steel Res Labs, Chiba 2938511, Japan.
[Hagihara, Yukito] Sophia Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Engn & Appl Sci, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028554, Japan.
RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov; richard.fields@nist.gov;
samuel.low@nist.gov; gwbahng@kriss.re.kr; alois.wehrstedt@din.de;
juny@kriss.re.kr; tomota@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; miyata@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp;
Haiqing.lin@mtrinc.com; freeman@che.utexas.edu; s-aihara@re.nsc.co.jp;
hagihara@me.sophia.ac.jp; tagawa@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp
NR 323
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2
PY 2011
BP 339
EP 452
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9
PG 114
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization &
Testing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science
GA BG0WX
UT WOS:000386558400009
ER
PT B
AU Schumacher, B
Bach, HG
Spitzer, P
Obrzut, J
Seitz, S
AF Schumacher, Bernd
Bach, Heinz-Gunter
Spitzer, Petra
Obrzut, Jan
Seitz, Steffen
BE Czichos, H
Saito, T
Smith, L
TI Electrical Properties
SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF METROLOGY AND TESTING, 2ND EDITION
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; STANDARD KCL SOLUTIONS; ELECTROLYTIC
CONDUCTIVITY; ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION; ALTERNATING-CURRENT; OHMIC
CONTACTS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURES
AB Electronic materials - conductors, insulators, semiconductors - play an important role in today's technology. They constitute electrical and electronic devices, such as radio, television, telephone, electric light, electromotors, computers, etc. From a materials science point of view, the electrical properties of materials characterize two basic processes: electrical energy conduction (and dissipation) and electrical energy storage.
Electrical conductivity describes the ability of a material to transport charge through the process of conduction, normalized by geometry. Electrical dissipation comes as the result of charge transport or conduction. Dissipation or energy loss results from the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy (Joule heating) through momentum transfer during collisions as the charges move.
Electrical storage is the result of charge storing energy. This process is dielectric polarization, normalized by geometry to be the material property called dielectric permittivity. As polarization occurs and causes charges to move, the charge motion is also dissipative.
In this chapter, the main methods to characterize the electrical properties of materials are compiled. Sections 9.2 to 9.5 describe the measuring methods under the following headings
Electrical conductivity of metallic materials Electrolytical conductivity
Semiconductors
Dielectrics.
As an introductory overview, in Sect. 9.1 the basic categories of electrical materials are outlined in adopting the classification and terminology of the chapter Electronic Properties of Materials of Understanding Materials Science by Hummel [9.1].
C1 [Schumacher, Bernd] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept DC & Low Frequency 2 1, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Bach, Heinz-Gunter] Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH, Components Integrat Technol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
[Spitzer, Petra; Seitz, Steffen] PTB, Dept Metrol Chem 3 13, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Schumacher, B (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept DC & Low Frequency 2 1, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
EM bernd.schumacher@ptb.de; Heinz-Gunter.Bach@hhi.fraunhofer.de;
petra.spitzer@ptb.de; jan.obrzut@nist.gov; steffen.seitz@ptb.de
NR 115
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
BN 978-3-642-16641-9; 978-3-642-16640-2
PY 2011
BP 485
EP 540
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-16641-9
PG 56
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization &
Testing
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science
GA BG0WX
UT WOS:000386558400011
ER
PT B
AU Montzka, SA
AF Montzka, Stephen A.
BE Muller, R
TI Source Gases that Affect Stratospheric Ozone
SO STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; POLAR FIRN AIR;
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; NITROUS-OXIDE; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; ANTARCTIC OZONE; ICE CORES; CHLORINE
C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Montzka, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
NR 127
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 3
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
BN 978-1-84973-002-0; 978-1-84973-318-2
PY 2011
BP 33
EP 77
DI 10.1039/9781849733182-00033
D2 10.1039/9781849733182
PG 45
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA BA0XL
UT WOS:000332344700004
ER
PT S
AU Cui, YT
Dusterhoff, SR
Wooster, JK
Downs, PW
AF Cui, Yantao
Dusterhoff, Scott R.
Wooster, John K.
Downs, Peter W.
BE Simon, A
Bennett, SJ
Castro, JM
TI Practical Considerations for Modeling Sediment Transport Dynamics in
Rivers
SO STREAM RESTORATION IN DYNAMIC FLUVIAL SYSTEMS: SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES,
ANALYSES, AND TOOLS
SE Geophysical Monograph Series
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; MOUNTAIN RIVERS; EVOLUTION; PULSES; DREAM
AB Sediment transport dynamics are some of the most important aspects to consider in river restoration and management projects. Restoring a river usually involves the manipulation of its flow conditions, channel cross sections, channel alignment, sediment supply, bed material composition, and riparian conditions, all of which directly or indirectly affect sediment transport dynamics. Because a river will be reshaped through sediment transport process following restoration, a lack of or an inadequate consideration of postrestoration sediment transport dynamics may result in poor performance or failure of the project. Here we discuss some practical considerations in sediment transport modeling as a guide for resource managers overseeing river restoration projects as well as sediment transport practitioners. The discussion is not intended as a "how to" guide or a thorough review of the scientific literature pertaining to sediment transport. Instead, the project examples discussed herein are intended to illustrate some of the lessons learned from our experiences in conducting sediment transport analyses for applied projects. The examples are not necessarily river restoration projects, but the practical considerations discussed should generally apply to any sediment transport analysis, including those for river restoration projects.
C1 [Cui, Yantao; Dusterhoff, Scott R.] Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA.
[Wooster, John K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
[Downs, Peter W.] Univ Plymouth, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England.
RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Stillwater Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0065-8448
BN 978-1-118-66667-8; 978-0-87590-483-2
J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER
PY 2011
VL 194
BP 503
EP 527
DI 10.1029/2010GM001008
D2 10.1029/GM194
PG 25
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA BA5PW
UT WOS:000336929500028
ER
PT S
AU Ripley, EM
Li, CS
Moore, CH
Elswick, ER
Maynard, JB
Paul, RL
Sylvester, P
Seo, JH
Shimizu, N
AF Ripley, Edward M.
Li, Chusi
Moore, Craig H.
Elswick, Erika R.
Maynard, J. Barry
Paul, Rick L.
Sylvester, Paul
Seo, Jun Hun
Shimizu, Nobomichi
BE Behrens, H
Webster, JD
TI Analytical Methods for Sulfur Determination in Glasses, Rocks, Minerals
and Fluid Inclusions
SO SULFUR IN MAGMAS AND MELTS: ITS IMPORTANCE FOR NATURAL AND TECHNICAL
PROCESSES
SE Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
LA English
DT Review
CT Short Course on Sulfur in Magmas and Melts and its Importance for
Natural and Technical Processes
CY AUG 21-23, 2011
CL Gosler, GERMANY
SP Mineral Soc Amer, Geochem Soc
ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; ABLATION ICP-MS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS;
LASER-ABLATION; MELT INCLUSIONS; SILICATE MELTS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SULFIDE
SATURATION
C1 [Ripley, Edward M.; Li, Chusi; Moore, Craig H.; Elswick, Erika R.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Maynard, J. Barry] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Paul, Rick L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sylvester, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada.
[Sylvester, Paul] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Inco Innovat Ctr, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada.
[Seo, Jun Hun] ETH, Inst Geochem & Petrol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shimizu, Nobomichi] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Ripley, EM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM ripley@indiana.edu
RI Li, Chusi/E-5592-2011; Facility, NENIMF/B-8811-2015
OI Li, Chusi/0000-0002-0426-8157;
NR 111
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U2 13
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 1529-6466
BN 978-0-939950-87-4
J9 REV MINERAL GEOCHEM
JI Rev. Mineral. Geochem.
PY 2011
VL 73
BP 9
EP 39
DI 10.2138/rmg.2011.73.2
PG 31
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA BWS75
UT WOS:000294741600002
ER
PT J
AU Shen, XY
Li, XF
AF Shen, Xinyong
Li, Xiaofan
BE MorenoPirajan, JC
TI Thermodynamic Aspects of Precipitation Efficiency
SO THERMODYNAMICS - INTERACTION STUDIES - SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; TROPICAL SQUALL-LINE; CLOUD-RADIATION
INTERACTION; SUMMER HEAVY RAINFALL; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ICE
MICROPHYSICS; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; EQUILIBRIUM
STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS
C1 [Shen, Xinyong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
NR 56
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U1 0
U2 0
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-563-1
PY 2011
BP 73
EP 94
D2 10.5772/823
PG 22
WC Thermodynamics
SC Thermodynamics
GA BF0GZ
UT WOS:000378839400004
ER
PT J
AU Muha, N
Ramsdell, JS
AF Muha, Noah
Ramsdell, John S.
TI Domoic acid induced seizures progress to a chronic state of epilepsy in
rats
SO TOXICON
LA English
DT Article
DE Domoic acid; Amnesic shellfish poison; Epilepsy; Kainic acid; Sea lion
ID MONKEYS MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SEA LIONS; NEUROTOXICITY; INTOXICATION;
MICE
AB The emergence of an epilepsy syndrome in sea lions poisoned by domoic acid (DA) draws striking parallels to the single case study of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that developed in an 84 yr old man one year after being poisoned by DA. To establish a basis for understanding this disease in sea lions and humans that appears to progress from DA poisoning, we have investigated the potential for a single incident of DA poisoning in rats to progress to spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), the hallmark of epilepsy. We have developed a DA administration protocol to induce a nonlethal status epilepticus (SE) and monitored the animals for SRS by 6 h/week of video recording. We demonstrate that a single episode of SE leads to SRS in 94% of rats (n = 23) in 6 months. These findings indicate that DA induced SE can efficiently translate to epileptic disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Muha, Noah; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service
(NOAA/NOS); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration/National Ocean Service (NOAA/NOS). The National Ocean
Service (NOS) does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary
product or material mentioned in this publication. No reference shall be
made to NOS, or to this publication furnished by NOS, in any advertising
or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOS approves,
recommends, or endorses any proprietary product or proprietary material
mentioned herein or which has as its purpose any intent to cause
directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased
because of NOS publication. The authors declare they have no competing
financial interests.; This work was supported by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration.
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0041-0101
J9 TOXICON
JI Toxicon
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 57
IS 1
BP 168
EP 171
DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.07.018
PG 4
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 716TV
UT WOS:000286997300021
PM 20688097
ER
PT J
AU Lindley, ST
Erickson, DL
Moser, ML
Williams, G
Langness, OP
McCovey, BW
Belchik, M
Vogel, D
Pinnix, W
Kelly, JT
Heublein, JC
Klimley, AP
AF Lindley, Steven T.
Erickson, Daniel L.
Moser, Mary L.
Williams, Greg
Langness, Olaf P.
McCovey, Barry W., Jr.
Belchik, Michael
Vogel, Dave
Pinnix, William
Kelly, John T.
Heublein, Joseph C.
Klimley, A. Peter
TI Electronic Tagging of Green Sturgeon Reveals Population Structure and
Movement among Estuaries
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST ESTUARIES; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; CORAL-REEF FISH;
ACIPENSER-MEDIROSTRIS; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; ROGUE RIVER;
CONNECTIVITY; MIGRATIONS; STOCK
AB Green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris spend much of their lives outside of their natal rivers, but the details of their migrations and habitat use are poorly known, which limits our understanding of how this species might be affected by human activities and habitat degradation. We tagged 355 green sturgeon with acoustic transmitters on their spawning grounds and in known nonspawning aggregation sites and examined their movement among these sites and other potentially important locations using automated data-logging hydrophones. We found that green sturgeon inhabit a number of estuarine and coastal sites over the summer, including the Columbia River estuary, Willapa Bay, Grays Harbor, and the estuaries of certain smaller rivers in Oregon, especially the Umpqua River estuary. Green sturgeon from different natal rivers exhibited different patterns of habitat use; most notably, San Francisco Bay was used only by Sacramento River fish, while the Umpqua River estuary was used mostly by fish from the Klamath and Rogue rivers. Earlier work, based on analysis of microsatellite markers, suggested that the Columbia River mixed stock was mainly composed of fish from the Sacramento River, but our results indicate that fish from the Rogue and Klamath River populations frequently use the Columbia River as well. We also found evidence for the existence of migratory contingents within spawning populations. Our findings have significant implications for the management of the threatened Sacramento River population of green sturgeon, which migrates to inland waters outside of California where anthropogenic impacts, including fisheries bycatch and water pollution, may be a concern. Our results also illustrate the utility of acoustic tracking to elucidate the migratory behavior of animals that are otherwise difficult to observe.
C1 [Lindley, Steven T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Erickson, Daniel L.] Bronx Zoo, Marine Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[Moser, Mary L.; Williams, Greg] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Langness, Olaf P.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA.
[McCovey, Barry W., Jr.; Belchik, Michael] Yurok Tribal Fisheries Program, Weitchpec, CA 95546 USA.
[Vogel, Dave] Nat Resource Scientists Inc, Red Bluff, CA 96080 USA.
[Pinnix, William] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Kelly, John T.; Heublein, Joseph C.; Klimley, A. Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Lindley, ST (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM steve.lindley@noaa.gov
RI Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014
OI Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411
FU NOAA; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Wildlife Conservation Society;
David and Lucile Packard Foundation; CALFED Science Program
FX This research was supported by the NOAA-Fisheries Species of Concern
Program (S. T. L. and M. L. M.), the Northwest Fisheries Science Center
internal grants program, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the
David and Lucile Packard Foundation (D. L. E.), and the CALFED Science
Program (P. K., J.T., and J.H.). Numerous people helped in the field,
including M. Howell, S. West, E. Evans, C. Black, B. Pickering, D.
Farrer, and B. Cady (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife); J.
Weber, B. Krohn, G. Ryden, and C. Barber (Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife); K. Hanson and A. Keller (Wildlife Conservation Society); R.
Whitlock (Imperial College, UK); M. Webb, K. Kapperman, J. Ogawa, and G.
Stutzer (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service); S. Turo and R. Benson, (Yurok
Tribal Fisheries); H. Fish, D. Rundio, A. Ammann, and J. Harding (NOAA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center); and G. Holt and E. Danner
(University of California at Santa Cruz). The Columbia River Intertribal
Fish Commission (D. Hatch and R. Branstetter) and the Oregon Department
of Fish and Wildlife (D. Hering) provided hydrophone data from the
Columbia River estuary. K. Andrews (NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science
Center) supplied detection data for Puget Sound. J. Power (U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Hatfield Marine Science Center)
provided data from receivers in the Alsea River and Yaquina Bay. D.
Rundio conducted the similarity profile analysis of the migration
history dissimilarity matrix. S. X. Cadrin, E. Mora, C. Grimes, W.
Perrin, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful reviews of an
earlier draft of the manuscript.
NR 56
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 1
BP 108
EP 122
AR PII 934069975
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.557017
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 733RI
UT WOS:000288280100011
ER
PT J
AU Krueger, DM
Rutherford, ES
Mason, DM
AF Krueger, Damon M.
Rutherford, Edward S.
Mason, Doran M.
TI Influence of Predation Mortality on Survival of Chinook Salmon Parr in a
Lake Michigan Tributary
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID JOHN-DAY-RESERVOIR; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; NORTHERN
SQUAWFISH; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PACIFIC SALMON;
BROWN TROUT; SNAKE RIVER; PREY FISH
AB Predation mortality among Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr can act at small spatiotemporal scales and cause variability in parr survival and potential recruitment. We analyzed predator diets and multiplied per capita consumption rates by predator population estimates to evaluate the relative effect of predation by stocked sport fishes on the variability in survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River, Michigan, from 2004 to 2007. Brown trout Salmo trutta were a major predator of Chinook salmon parr, consuming from 15% to 34% of the total number available, while walleyes Sander vitreus consumed from 0.2% to 15%. Walleyes also consumed large quantities of brown trout and rainbow trout O. mykiss. Brown trout predation on Chinook salmon parr was largely dependent on parr size, while walleye predation was buffered by the availability of rainbow trout and brown trout. Predation mortality appeared to be responsible for a more than three-fold difference in the survival of Chinook salmon parr in the Muskegon River. The vulnerability of Chinook salmon parr to predation appeared to be controlled by parr growth rates, brown trout stocking dates, and the number of brown trout stocked. Fishery regulations to manipulate piscivore abundance may lead to higher survival and lower variability in the survival of Chinook salmon parr.
C1 [Krueger, Damon M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Krueger, Damon M.; Rutherford, Edward S.] Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Rutherford, Edward S.; Mason, Doran M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP Krueger, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM damonkr@msu.edu
OI Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667
FU School of Graduate Studies and the School of Natural Resources and
Environment at the University of Michigan; Great Lakes Fishery Trust
[2001.71]; Saginaw Bay Walleye Club; Trout Unlimited
FX Funding for this study was provided by the School of Graduate Studies
and the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of
Michigan, the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2001.71), the Saginaw Bay
Walleye Club, and Trout Unlimited. We thank Lori Ivan, Dan Ruberg,
Dennis Donahue, Steve Pothoven, John Hanson, Christine (Diana) Crissman,
Ember Vannoy, and James Roberts for their assistance in the field; James
Diana and Deborah Goldberg for manuscript edits; and NOAA's Great Lakes
Environmental Research Laboratory for laboratory space. This is
contribution number 2010-079 from the Great Lakes Environmental Research
Laboratory.
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PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 1
BP 147
EP 163
AR PII 934552802
DI 10.1080/00028487.2011.556991
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 733RI
UT WOS:000288280100014
ER
PT J
AU Rice, CA
Greene, CM
Moran, P
Teel, DJ
Kuligowski, DR
Reisenbichler, RR
Beamer, EM
Karr, JR
Fresh, KL
AF Rice, Casimir A.
Greene, Correigh M.
Moran, Paul
Teel, David J.
Kuligowski, David R.
Reisenbichler, Reginald R.
Beamer, Eric M.
Karr, James R.
Fresh, Kurt L.
TI Abundance, Stock Origin, and Length of Marked and Unmarked Juvenile
Chinook Salmon in the Surface Waters of Greater Puget Sound
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PINK SALMON; HATCHERY
PROGRAMS; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; KODIAK ISLAND; SELECTIVE
MORTALITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RIVER ESTUARY
AB This study focuses on the use by juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of the rarely studied neritic environment (surface waters overlaying the sublittoral zone) in greater Puget Sound. Juvenile Chinook salmon inhabit the sound from their late estuarine residence and early marine transition to their first year at sea. We measured the density, origin, and size of marked (known hatchery) and unmarked (majority naturally spawned) juveniles by means of monthly surface trawls at six river mouth estuaries in Puget Sound and the areas in between. Juvenile Chinook salmon were present in all months sampled (April-November). Unmarked fish in the northern portion of the study area showed broader seasonal distributions of density than did either marked fish in all areas or unmarked fish in the central and southern portions of the sound. Despite these temporal differences, the densities of marked fish appeared to drive most of the total density estimates across space and time. Genetic analysis and coded wire tag data provided us with documented individuals from at least 16 source populations and indicated that movement patterns and apparent residence time were, in part, a function of natal location and time passed since the release of these fish from hatcheries. Unmarked fish tended to be smaller than marked fish and had broader length frequency distributions. The lengths of unmarked fish were negatively related to the density of both marked and unmarked Chinook salmon, but those of marked fish were not. These results indicate more extensive use of estuarine environments by wild than by hatchery juvenile Chinook salmon as well as differential use (e.g., rearing and migration) of various geographic regions of greater Puget Sound by juvenile Chinook salmon in general. In addition, the results for hatchery-generated timing, density, and length differences have implications for the biological interactions between hatchery and wild fish throughout Puget Sound.
C1 [Rice, Casimir A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
[Greene, Correigh M.; Moran, Paul; Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Reisenbichler, Reginald R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Beamer, Eric M.] Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA.
[Karr, James R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Fresh, Kurt L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Rice, CA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Mukilteo Res Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
EM casimir.rice@noaa.gov
FU Seattle City Light; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
FX We thank the Environmental Conservation Division of NOAA's Northwest
Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, for research vessels and field staff,
and the U. S. Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center,
Seattle, for field staff. Seattle City Light and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers provided supplemental funding. T. Beacham (CDFO) and S.
Blankenship (WDFW) provided unpublished data for use in our genetic
stock identification analysis. K. Sobocinski, G. Williams, and E.
Casillas gave helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript; G.
Pess, L. Johnson, T. Beechie, T. Collier, and four anonymous reviewers
provided thorough and constructive reviews. K. Kloehn helped create the
map and C. Stehr and W. Reichert assisted with the review process.
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PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 140
IS 1
BP 170
EP 189
AR PII 934547558
DI 10.1080/00028487.2010.550253
PG 20
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 733RI
UT WOS:000288280100016
ER
PT J
AU Stutzman, P
Leigh, S
Dolly, K
AF Stutzman, Paul
Leigh, Stefan
Dolly, Kendall
TI Heat of Hydration for Cement Statistical Modeling
SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
LA English
DT Article
AB The heat of hydration of hydraulic cements depends on a complex set of phase dissolution and precipitation reactions following the addition of water. Heat of hydration is currently measured in one of two ways: acid dissolution of the raw cement and a hydrated cement after 7 days or isothermal calorimetry. In principle, the heat of hydration should be predictable from knowledge of the cement composition and perhaps some measure of the cement fineness or total: surface area. The improved mineralogical estimates provided by quantitative X-ray powder diffraction, together with improved statistical data exploration techniques that examine nonlinear combinations of candidate model constituents, were used to explore alternative predictive models for the 7-day heat of hydration. An exploratory tool, called "all possible alternating conditional expectations," was created by combining all possible subsets regression with alternating conditional expectation to judiciously select variables within an explanatory variable class and subsets of variables across explanatory variable classes exhibiting the highest potential predictive power for additive nonlinear models for 7-day heat of hydration. Although a single, strong model for 7-day heat of hydration did not emerge from analyses, general conclusions were drawn. Good-fitting models included a key structural mineralogical phase (Mite preferred); calcium sulfate phase (bassanite preferred); total fineness or surface area component (Blaine fineness preferred); and ferrite in conjunction with iron oxide, or aluminate, or cubic aluminate.
C1 [Stutzman, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Leigh, Stefan; Dolly, Kendall] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stutzman, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Stutz@nist.gov
FU AASHTO
FX This work was sponsored by AASHTO, in cooperation with FHWA, and was
conducted through NCHRP, which is administered by TRB of the National
Academies.
NR 26
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U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0361-1981
J9 TRANSPORT RES REC
JI Transp. Res. Record
PY 2011
IS 2240
BP 1
EP 8
DI 10.3141/2240-01
PG 8
WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Transportation
GA 880JG
UT WOS:000299402800001
ER
PT J
AU Ferraris, C
Azari, H
AF Ferraris, Chiara
Azari, Haleh
TI New Approach to Calibrate the Mortar Flow Table
SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
LA English
DT Article
AB The flow table is a standardized test that is widely used to qualify a mortar for compressive strength and air content. The flow table is also the only standard test to quantify the workability of a mortar. Therefore, the calibration of this device is paramount, and it is done today by preparing a reference material consisting of a mixture of silica powder and oil. The two materials are mixed; tests are performed with the use of the reference flow table located in the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory. This flow table is identical to commercial versions currently used, and the values obtained with this flow table are considered the reference values for calibrating flow tables in the United States. This is an empirical procedure and relies heavily on one device that could break or generate results that can drift over time. This study reviewed the manufacturing process of the reference material, provided historical data, and proposed a more scientifically based approach to develop an improved reference material.
C1 [Ferraris, Chiara] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Azari, Haleh] AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ferraris, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Clarissa@nist.gov
FU NCHRP
FX The authors thank NCHRP for its financial support. The authors
acknowledge the contributions of John Winpigler, who conducted most of
the tests. Nicholas Franson and Mona Mohseni, two students at National
Institute of Standards and Technology, also helped with a small portion
of the research. CCRL staff prepared the silica powder used in this
study and provided the historic notebooks. The authors thank Kenneth
Snyder and Jeff Bullard of National Institute of Standards and
Technology and Kejin Wang of Iowa State University for their review,
which improved this paper.
NR 5
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0361-1981
J9 TRANSPORT RES REC
JI Transp. Res. Record
PY 2011
IS 2240
BP 16
EP 21
DI 10.3141/2240-03
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology
SC Engineering; Transportation
GA 880JG
UT WOS:000299402800003
ER
PT B
AU Borja, A
Basset, A
Bricker, S
Dauvin, JC
Elliott, M
Harrison, T
Marques, JC
Weisberg, SB
West, R
AF Borja, A.
Basset, A.
Bricker, S.
Dauvin, J-C
Elliott, M.
Harrison, T.
Marques, J-C
Weisberg, S. B.
West, R.
BE Wolanski, E
McLusky, D
TI Classifying Ecological Quality and Integrity of Estuaries
SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 1: CLASSIFICATION OF
ESTUARINE AND NEARSHORE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID SOUTH-AFRICAN ESTUARIES; SPECIES-ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMUNITY
DEGRADATION INDEX; COUNTRY NORTHERN SPAIN; SOFT-BOTTOM BENTHOS; METRIC
FISH INDEX; LONG-TERM CHANGES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; COASTAL WATERS;
ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITION
AB There is an increasing need in assessing ecological quality and integrity of estuaries and lagoons. This chapter shows the most recent efforts in assessing individual biological elements (from phytoplankton to fishes), together with the integrative tools developed in different geographical areas worldwide. However, reducing complex information from multiple ecosystem elements to a single color or value is a substantial challenge to marine scientists, and requires the integration of different disciplines (chemists, engineers, biologists, ecologists, physics, managers, etc.), to reach agreement on the final assignment of ecological status. Hence, in the near future, emphasis needs to be directed at understanding the complexities of estuarine system functioning rather than simplifying and scaling down the system into smaller components.
C1 [Borja, A.] AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Spain.
[Basset, A.] Univ Salento, Lecce, Italy.
[Bricker, S.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Dauvin, J-C] Univ Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France.
[Elliott, M.] Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England.
[Harrison, T.] Northern Ireland Environm Agcy, Lisburn, North Ireland.
[Marques, J-C] Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
[Weisberg, S. B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA.
[West, R.] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
RP Borja, A (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Pasaia, Spain.
NR 268
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U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
BN 978-0-08-087885-0; 978-0-12-374711-2
PY 2011
BP 125
EP 162
PG 38
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA BA2LR
UT WOS:000333648200008
ER
PT B
AU Pittman, SJ
Connor, DW
Radke, L
Wright, DJ
AF Pittman, S. J.
Connor, D. W.
Radke, L.
Wright, D. J.
BE Wolanski, E
McLusky, D
TI Application of Estuarine and Coastal Classifications in Marine Spatial
Management
SO TREATISE ON ESTUARINE AND COASTAL SCIENCE, VOL 1: CLASSIFICATION OF
ESTUARINE AND NEARSHORE COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT;
BOUND HEAVY-METALS; MANGROVE FORESTS; PROTECTED AREAS;
DEPOSITIONAL-ENVIRONMENTS; ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE;
SPECIES RICHNESS
AB Coastal and marine classifications, both spatially explicit in the form of maps and nonspatial representations of the environment, are critical to the effective implementation of management strategies such as marine spatial planning. This chapter provides a wide range of classifications and classified maps developed to simplify and communicate biological, physical, social, and economic patterns in support of enhanced management decision making. Examples are provided from around the world and span a range of spatial scales from global classifications to those for individual bays and estuaries. Limitations, future challenges, and priority management needs are discussed.
C1 [Pittman, S. J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Connor, D. W.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Peterborough, Cambs, England.
[Radke, L.] Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Wright, D. J.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
NR 157
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
BN 978-0-08-087885-0; 978-0-12-374711-2
PY 2011
BP 163
EP 205
PG 43
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
Oceanography
GA BA2LR
UT WOS:000333648200009
ER
PT J
AU O'Toole, AJ
Phillips, PJ
Weimer, S
Roark, DA
Ayyad, J
Barwick, R
Dunlop, J
AF O'Toole, Alice J.
Phillips, P. Jonathon
Weimer, Samuel
Roark, Dana A.
Ayyad, Julianne
Barwick, Robert
Dunlop, Joseph
TI Recognizing people from dynamic and static faces and bodies: Dissecting
identity with a fusion approach
SO VISION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Face; Dynamic; Gait
ID BIOLOGICAL MOTION; RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; BODY; AREA; CORTEX; CUES;
SEX
AB The goal of this study was to evaluate human accuracy at identifying people from static and dynamic presentations of faces and bodies. Participants matched identity in pairs of videos depicting people in motion (walking or conversing) and in "best" static images extracted from the videos. The type of information presented to observers was varied to include the face and body, the face-only, and the body-only. Identification performance was best when people viewed the face and body in motion. There was an advantage for dynamic over static stimuli, but only for conditions that included the body. Control experiments with multiple-static images indicated that some of the motion advantages we obtained were due to seeing multiple images of the person, rather than to the motion, per se. To computationally assess the contribution of different types of information for identification, we fused the identity judgments from observers in different conditions using a statistical learning algorithm trained to optimize identification accuracy. This fusion achieved perfect performance. The condition weights that resulted suggest that static displays encourage reliance on the face for recognition, whereas dynamic displays seem to direct attention more equitably across the body and face. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [O'Toole, Alice J.; Weimer, Samuel; Roark, Dana A.; Ayyad, Julianne; Barwick, Robert; Dunlop, Joseph] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
[Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
EM otoole@utdallas.edu
RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011
FU Technical Support Working Group, US Dept. of Defense; US Federal Bureau
of Investigation
FX This work was supported by funding from the Technical Support Working
Group, US Dept. of Defense, to A.J. O'Toole. P. Jontahon Phillips was
supported, in part, by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation.
NR 29
TC 42
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U1 4
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0042-6989
J9 VISION RES
JI Vision Res.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 51
IS 1
BP 74
EP 83
DI 10.1016/j.visres.2010.09.035
PG 10
WC Neurosciences; Ophthalmology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Ophthalmology
GA 705RG
UT WOS:000286155000010
PM 20969886
ER
PT J
AU Gronewold, AD
Myers, L
Swall, JL
Noble, RT
AF Gronewold, Andrew D.
Myers, Luke
Swall, Jenise L.
Noble, Rachel T.
TI Addressing uncertainty in fecal indicator bacteria dark inactivation
rates
SO WATER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Water quality modeling; Fecal contamination; Bayesian; MPN; Decay rate
ID SOUTHERN BRITTANY FRANCE; PROBABLE NUMBER METHOD; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY;
SERIAL DILUTIONS; VILAINE BAY; WATER; MPN; TRANSPORT; COLIFORM; DENSITY
AB Assessing the potential threat of fecal contamination in surface water often depends on model forecasts which assume that fecal indicator bacteria (FIB, a proxy for the concentration of pathogens found in fecal contamination from warm-blooded animals) are lost or removed from the water column at a certain rate (often referred to as an "inactivation" rate). In efforts to reduce human health risks in these water bodies, regulators enforce limits on easily-measured FIB concentrations, commonly reported as most probable number (MPN) and colony forming unit (CFU) values. Accurate assessment of the potential threat of fecal contamination, therefore, depends on propagating uncertainty surrounding "true" FIB concentrations into MPN and CFU values, inactivation rates, model forecasts, and management decisions. Here, we explore how empirical relationships between FIB inactivation rates and extrinsic factors might vary depending on how uncertainty in MPN values is expressed. Using water samples collected from the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) in eastern North Carolina, we compare Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus (ENT) dark inactivation rates derived from two statistical models of first-order loss; a conventional model employing ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression with MPN values, and a novel Bayesian model utilizing the pattern of positive wells in an IDEXX Quanti-Tray (R)/2000 test. While our results suggest that EC dark inactivation rates tend to decrease as initial EC concentrations decrease and that ENT dark inactivation rates are relatively consistent across different ENT concentrations, we find these relationships depend upon model selection and model calibration procedures. We also find that our proposed Bayesian model provides a more defensible approach to quantifying uncertainty in microbiological assessments of water quality than the conventional MPN-based model, and that our proposed model represents a new strategy for developing robust relationships between environmental factors and FIB inactivation rates, and for reducing uncertainty in water resource management decisions. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
[Swall, Jenise L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Myers, Luke; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov
OI Swall, Jenise/0000-0001-8728-5771; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529
FU North Carolina Division of Water Quality [EW05049]; United States
Environmental Protection Agency through Office of Research and
Development
FX This study was partially funded by the North Carolina Division of Water
Quality (Contract No. EW05049). In addition, the United States
Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and
Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described
here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for
publication. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1573. The authors
thank Jim Wickham, Ibrahim Alameddine, James Christian, and two
anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript.
NR 55
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0043-1354
J9 WATER RES
JI Water Res.
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 45
IS 2
BP 652
EP 664
DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.029
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA 714EO
UT WOS:000286790500024
PM 20843534
ER
PT J
AU Giovannozzi, AM
Reipa, V
Almeida, JL
Cole, KD
AF Giovannozzi, Andrea M.
Reipa, Vytas
Almeida, Jamie L.
Cole, Kenneth D.
TI Electrochemical inactivation of Bacillus spores in drinking water using
a quaternary oxide electrode
SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-WATER SUPPLY
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus thuringiensis; drinking water system;
electrochemical; inactivation; spores
AB Bacillus spores are resistant to disinfection methods and they represent a potential threat that requires improved methods to ensure water safety. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and B. anthracis Sterne (BA) spores were used to investigate the effectiveness of the electrochemical (EC) disinfection process. We tested the quaternary metal oxide (TiO2-Sb2O5-SnO2-RuO2) as the anode material in an EC cell for the inactivation of the spores. The presence of chloride ions at low concentrations was found to be critical for the effective inactivation of BT spores. Active chlorine was produced in-situ by anodic oxidation of chloride in the solutions. Local tap water used as a realistic test solution was found to contain average chloride concentrations of 1.2 mM. High concentrations of active chlorine were generated in the range of 0.35 to 0.5 mM (25 to 35 mg/L) to ensure that the high concentrations of spores were inactivated. We showed that the amount of active chlorine produced in the EC cell can be readily controlled by the operating conditions, including potential, flow rate and chloride content. Scanning electron images of the EC treated spores indicate damage to the outer membranes resulting in disruption and leakage of the spore contents. EC water disinfection processes using inexpensive electrode materials are a promising alternative as shown by inactivation of challenging biological threats such as Bacillus spores.
C1 [Giovannozzi, Andrea M.; Reipa, Vytas; Almeida, Jamie L.; Cole, Kenneth D.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Kenneth.cole@nist.gov
OI GIOVANNOZZI, ANDREA MARIO/0000-0001-6646-5052
NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 7
PU IWA PUBLISHING
PI LONDON
PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND
SN 1606-9749
J9 WATER SCI TECH-W SUP
JI Water Sci. Technol.-Water Supply
PY 2011
VL 11
IS 6
BP 719
EP 725
DI 10.2166/ws.2011.103
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA V33UJ
UT WOS:000209043400010
ER
PT J
AU Thorne, PW
Lanzante, JR
Peterson, TC
Seidel, DJ
Shine, KP
AF Thorne, Peter W.
Lanzante, John R.
Peterson, Thomas C.
Seidel, Dian J.
Shine, Keith P.
TI Tropospheric temperature trends: history of an ongoing controversy
SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Review
ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; 63-STATION RADIOSONDE NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC
CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATIONS; TIME-SERIES; AIR-TEMPERATURE;
MSU CHANNEL-2; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; GLOBAL CHANGE; UNEXPLAINED
DISCONTINUITY
AB Changes in atmospheric temperature have a particular importance in climate research because climate models consistently predict a distinctive vertical profile of trends. With increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, the surface and troposphere are consistently projected to warm, with an enhancement of that warming in the tropical upper troposphere. Hence, attempts to detect this distinct 'fingerprint' have been a focus for observational studies. The topic acquired heightened importance following the 1990 publication of an analysis of satellite data which challenged the reality of the projected tropospheric warming. This review documents the evolution over the last four decades of understanding of tropospheric temperature trends and their likely causes. Particular focus is given to the difficulty of producing homogenized datasets, with which to derive trends, from both radiosonde and satellite observing systems, because of the many systematic changes over time. The value of multiple independent analyses is demonstrated. Paralleling developments in observational datasets, increased computer power and improved understanding of climate forcing mechanisms have led to refined estimates of temperature trends from a wide range of climate models and a better understanding of internal variability. It is concluded that there is no reasonable evidence of a fundamental disagreement between tropospheric temperature trends from models and observations when uncertainties in both are treated comprehensively. (c) 2010 Crown copyright WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 66-88 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.80
C1 [Thorne, Peter W.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Thorne, Peter W.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
[Lanzante, John R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Shine, Keith P.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England.
RP Thorne, PW (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter, Devon, England.
EM Peter.Thorne@noaa.gov
RI Shine, Keith/D-9093-2012; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014
OI Shine, Keith/0000-0003-2672-9978; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798
FU DECC [GA01101]; Defra [GA01101]
FX We thank Antonio Garcia (ECMWF); Kevin Linklater, and Fiona Carroll
(U.K. Met Office); Sara Veasey, Deb Misch, Debi Riddle, and Glenn Hyatt
(NOAA NCDC); and Carl Mears (Remote Sensing Systems) for help with
sourcing and adapting many of the figures used herein. Mara Sprain (NOAA
NCDC, STG Inc.) collated and formatted the reference list. We thank the
anonymous reviewers. As internal or informal reviewers, Jim Angell,
Melissa Free, Jana Goldman, Tom Knutson, L. Myles, David Parker, and Ron
Stouffer helped to sharpen the text and ensure the inclusion of relevant
work. PWT was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate
Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101).
NR 195
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 2
U2 36
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1757-7780
EI 1757-7799
J9 WIRES CLIM CHANGE
JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Clim. Chang.
PD JAN-FEB
PY 2011
VL 2
IS 1
BP 66
EP 88
DI 10.1002/wcc.80
PG 23
WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 778WG
UT WOS:000291739500006
ER
PT J
AU Duthinh, D
Simiu, E
AF Duthinh, Dat
Simiu, Emil
BE Lerner, JC
Boldes, U
TI The Use of Wind Tunnel Measurements in Building Design
SO WIND TUNNELS AND EXPERIMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID DATABASE; SPEEDS; MODEL
C1 [Duthinh, Dat; Simiu, Emil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 53
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INTECH EUROPE
PI RIJEKA
PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA
BN 978-953-307-623-2
PY 2011
BP 281
EP 300
D2 10.5772/730
PG 20
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BF5PS
UT WOS:000382482800014
ER
PT B
AU Chandramouli, R
AF Chandramouli, Ramaswamy
BE Baralt, J
Callaos, N
Ham, C
Lace, N
Lesso, W
Zinn, CD
TI Cloud Service Feature driven Security Policies for Virtualized
Infrastructures
SO WMSCI 2011: 15TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND
INFORMATICS, VOL I
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th World Multi-Conference on Systematics, Cybernetics and Informatics
(WMSCI 2011)
CY JUL 19-22, 2011
CL Orlando, FL
SP Int Inst Informat & Syst
DE Cloud computing; Infrastructure as a Service; Public cloud; Security
Policy; Virtualization
AB With the increasing maturity of various cloud service delivery models (Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)) and deployment models (Private, Community, Public, Hybrid), the security risk profile of each cloud service configuration is coming into focus. In this paper, we take up the example of a Public Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas) cloud provider who provides computing services through a data center with a virtualized infrastructure. In order to provide the needed security assurance for its IaaS cloud offering, the cloud provider needs to implement various security measures as part of the infrastructure configuration. A precursor to developing security measures is a comprehensive security policy. Now these policies are dependent upon the set of service features that the laaS cloud provider provides as part of its offering as well as internal administrative capabilities needed to support those features. The focus of this paper is to illustrate an approach for derivation of appropriate security policies based on the security goals of functions associated with internal administration capabilities and cloud service features.
C1 [Chandramouli, Ramaswamy] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM mouli@nist.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS
PI ORLANDO
PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA
BN 978-1-936338-29-0
PY 2011
BP 166
EP 171
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems;
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BG8OX
UT WOS:000392561800030
ER
PT S
AU Dimiceli, VE
Piltz, SF
Amburn, SA
AF Dimiceli, Vincent E.
Piltz, Steven F.
Amburn, Steven A.
BE Ao, SI
Douglas, C
Grundfest, WS
Burgstone, J
TI Estimation of Black Globe Temperature for Calculation of the Wet Bulb
Globe Temperature Index
SO WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, WCECS 2011, VOL II
SE Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science (WCECS 2011)
CY OCT 19-21, 2011
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Int Assoc Engn, IAENG, Soc Artificial Intelligence, IAENG, Soc Bioinformat, IAENG, Soc Comp Sci, IAENG, Soc Data Min, IAENG, Soc Elect Engn, IAENG, Soc HIV AIDS, IAENG, Soc Imag Engn, IAENG, Soc Ind Engn, IAENG, Soc Informat Syst Engn, IAENG, Soc Internet Comp & Web Serv, IAENG, Soc Mech Engn, IAENG, Soc Operat Res, IAENG, Soc Sci Comp, IAENG, Soc Software Engn, IAENG, Soc Wireless Networks
DE black globe; heat stress; temperature measurement; wet bulb globe
temperature
AB The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index is used in industry, sports and other areas to indicate the heat stress level for humans and animals. One of the values needed to calculate the WBGT Index is the black globe temperature. The black globe temperature is measured using a Black Globe Temperature Sensor which includes a black globe with a thermometer inserted in the center. However, the Black Globe Temperature Sensor can be costly and many of these instruments may be needed to get measurements in many locations. The lead author has derived a formula to estimate the black globe temperature using readily available data collected by the National Weather Service (NWS). The formula was derived from a formula suggested by Kuehn [7], which was based on heat transfer theory. The resulting equation was a fourth degree polynomial in terms of the black globe temperature. It was determined that the black globe temperature can be very accurately approximated by taking a fourth degree polynomial in terms of the black globe temperature to create a linear approximation for black globe temperature. Some preliminary tests indicate accuracy within 0.5 degrees F.
C1 [Dimiceli, Vincent E.] Oral Roberts Univ, Math, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA.
[Piltz, Steven F.; Amburn, Steven A.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA.
RP Dimiceli, VE (reprint author), Oral Roberts Univ, Math, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA.
EM vdimiceli@oru.edu; steven.piltz@noaa.gov; steve.amburn@noaa.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG
PI HONG KONG
PA UNIT 1, 1-F, 37-39 HUNG TO ROAD, KWUN TONG, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R
CHINA
SN 2078-0958
BN 978-988-19251-7-6
J9 LECT NOTES ENG COMP
PY 2011
BP 591
EP 599
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BH0EI
UT WOS:000394721600002
ER
PT S
AU Marbukh, V
AF Marbukh, V.
BE Ao, SI
Gelman, L
Hukins, DWL
Hunter, A
Korsunsky, AM
TI Robust Cross-Layer Network Optimization for Diverse QoS Requirements:
Work in Progress
SO WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING, WCE 2011, VOL I
SE Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2011)
CY JUL 06-08, 2011
CL Imperial Coll, London, UNITED KINGDOM
SP Int Assoc Engineers, IAENG, Soc Artificial Intelligence, IAENG, Soc Bioinformat, IAENG, Soc Computer Sci, IAENG, Soc Data Min, IAENG, Soc Elect Engn, IAENG, Soc Imagl Engn, IAENG, Soc Ind Engn, IAENG, Soc Informat Syst Engn, IAENG, Soc Internet Comput & Web Serv, IAENG, Soc Mech Engn, IAENG, Soc Operat Res, IAENG, Soc Sci Comput, IAENG, Soc Software Engn, IAENG, Soc Wireless Engn
HO Imperial Coll
DE cross-layer system optimization; quality of service; pricing
ID MULTIACCESS FADING CHANNELS; CAPACITIES
AB Conventional approach to cross-layer network optimization assumes elastic users adjusting their bandwidth requirements in response to the resource congestion prices. This assumption leads to Network Utility Maximization (NUM) framework with Lagrange multipliers associated with resource capacity constraints playing role of the congestion prices. However, often users can more naturally quantify their preferences in terms of the rate and high-level Quality of Service (QoS) requirements rather than networks level end-to-end bandwidth requirements. This paper suggests that replacing resource capacity constraints with constraints on the feasible QoS parameters may lead to cross-layer network optimization framework with elastic users adjusting their diverse QoS requirements directly in response to the QoS-sensitive prices. We illustrate the proposed framework on examples of end-to-end bandwidth allocation subject to the worst-case scenario and average end-to-end delay.
C1 [Marbukh, V.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM marbukh@nist.gov
FU NIST funding from the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative
FX This work was supported by NIST funding from the Comprehensive National
Cybersecurity Initiative.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG
PI HONG KONG
PA UNIT 1, 1-F, 37-39 HUNG TO ROAD, KWUN TONG, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R
CHINA
SN 2078-0958
BN 978-988-18210-6-5
J9 LECT NOTES ENG COMP
PY 2011
BP 220
EP 224
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BG9BT
UT WOS:000393011100044
ER
PT S
AU Kogan, F
Guo, W
AF Kogan, Felix
Guo, Wei
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Early Detection and Monitoring Droughts From NOAA Environmental
Satellites
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Droughts; Environmental satellites; Vegetation Health indices
ID UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SPACE
AB With nearly 30 years of the accumulated AVHRR data which were collected from NOAA operational polar-orbiting environmental satellites, the area of their applications expanded in the direction of monitoring vegetation condition, modeling agricultural production, analysis of climate and global change, resource management, and early and more efficient monitoring of droughts and their impacts on economy and society. This becomes possible due to the development of Vegetation Health (VH) indices. This paper discusses utility of the AVHRR-based VH focusing on monitoring vegetation with the emphasis on early drought warning and drought features.
C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
[Guo, Wei] IMSG inc, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov
RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell,
Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 11
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_2
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100002
ER
PT S
AU Kuligowski, RJ
AF Kuligowski, Robert J.
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Satellite Rainfall Information for Flood Preparedness and Response
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Satellite rainfall estimation; GOES satellite; Flood
AB Much of the economic and humanitarian toll from flood events is due to a lack of adequate warning and preparation. Information on current and anticipated rainfall from satellite data represents a source of affordable yet useful information for weather forecasters, emergency planners, and other personnel responsible for responding to flood events. This chapter will describe the current state of estimating and nowcasting rainfall at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), along with plans for the upcoming Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R, which shares many capabilities with the EUMETSAT Spinning Enhanced Visible Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Examples of these products in actual flood events in Ukraine will be included.
C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Kuligowski, RJ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA.
EM Bob.Kuligowski@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Kuligowski,
Robert/C-6981-2009
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369;
Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 31
EP 39
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_4
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100004
ER
PT S
AU Orlovsky, L
Kogan, F
Eshed, E
Dugarjav, C
AF Orlovsky, Leah
Kogan, Felix
Eshed, Eldad
Dugarjav, Chuitem
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Monitoring Droughts and Pastures Productivity in Mongolia Using
NOAA-AVHRR Data
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Biomass production; Drought; Vegetation Health; Mongolia
AB The significant part of Mongolian economy is pastoral agriculture, which is a traditional scope of activity and main source of income for the rural population. Study of the natural vegetation dynamics is of essential interest both for decision-makers and herdsmen. During the last decades, Mongolia has suffered from prolonged droughts in combination with extensive grazing in many areas. This situation requires frequent monitoring environmental conditions and the state of pastures. This is an important and challenging security task for Mongolia since weather station network is limited for effective special monitoring and providing services and advises to decision-makers and herdsmen. During 1985-2004, the NOAA-AVHRR Global Vegetation Index (GVI) data set and its Vegetation Health (VH) products have been studied and used for analysis of pastoral changes in Mongolia. This paper discusses application of VH for early drought detection (one of the leading environmental disasters), monitoring drought impacts on pasture conditions and estimation of biomass production.
C1 [Orlovsky, Leah; Eshed, Eldad] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
[Kogan, Felix] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA.
[Dugarjav, Chuitem] Inst Bot, Mongolian Acad Sci, Ulaanbaatar, Mongol Peo Rep.
RP Orlovsky, L (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel.
EM orlovsky@bgu.ac.il
RI Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 69
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_8
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100008
ER
PT S
AU Kogan, F
Adamenko, T
Kulbida, M
AF Kogan, Felix
Adamenko, Tatiana
Kulbida, Mikola
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Satellite-Based Crop Production Monitoring in Ukraine and Regional Food
Security
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Food security; Operational satellites; Vegetation health; Modeling crop
losses
ID UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SPACE
AB Every year weather vagaries have caused shortfalls of agricultural production regionally and every 3-4 years these shortfalls occurred globally. Therefore, early assessment of crop losses in response to weather fluctuations is an important task for the estimation of global, regional and countries food supply/demand, donor's decision to assists the nations in need and to those receiving the assistance. The new satellite-based technology has been recently developed to provide timely and accurate crops' monitoring and assessments. This technology includes the theory, algorithm, data base and operational implementation of vegetation health (VH) assessments from observations provided by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) flown on NOAA operational polar-orbiting satellites. Several AVHRR-based VH indices were developed and used to provide weekly cumulative estimation of moisture, thermal and health conditions of vegetation canopy throughout the growing season. The indices were calculated for the entire 1981-2010 period of the AVHRR sensor in space and were compared with regional crop yields in the two dozens of countries. Strong correlation between wheat (both winter and spring), corn, soybeans and sorghum yield and VH indices was found during the critical period of the tested crops. The test results showed that VH indices can be used as proxy for early (2-5 months in advance of harvest) assessment of crop yield with the errors of estimation less than 10%. This paper discusses utility of space observations for early forecasting regional crop yield in Ukraine, with specific emphasis on 2-5 months warning of weather-related losses in agricultural production and their impact on agricultural supply/demand and food security.
C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
[Adamenko, Tatiana; Kulbida, Mikola] Ukrainian Hydrometerol, Kiev, Ukraine.
RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 99
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_11
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100011
ER
PT S
AU Menzhulin, G
Shamshurina, N
Pavlovsky, A
Kogan, F
AF Menzhulin, Gennady
Shamshurina, Natalya
Pavlovsky, Artyom
Kogan, Felix
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI New Regression Models for Prediction of Grain Yield Anomalies from
Satellite-Based Vegetation Health Indices
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Crop yields anomaly; Vegetation health indices; Precipitation;
Temperature; Models
ID VALIDATION
AB In the late 1970s, the first operational weather satellite system had been launched, which showed utility for monitoring land greenness, vigor and vegetation productivity. Currently, 30-year satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) are available for monitoring land surface, atmosphere near the ground, natural disasters, and socioeconomic activities. Statistical modeling of agricultural crop yield and production was one of the applications. This paper discusses the topic, how design the new regression models of yield anomaly based on multivariate algorithms and selection of best-fit ensemble of predictors.
C1 [Menzhulin, Gennady; Shamshurina, Natalya; Pavlovsky, Artyom] Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Interdisciplinary Environm Cooperat, St Petersburg 196140, Russia.
[Kogan, Felix] NOAA, NESDISW, Washington, DC USA.
RP Menzhulin, G (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Interdisciplinary Environm Cooperat, St Petersburg 196140, Russia.
EM Menz2007@yandex.ru
RI Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 105
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_12
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100012
ER
PT S
AU Kogan, F
AF Kogan, Felix
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI 30-Year Land Surface Trend from AVHRR-Based Global Vegetation Health
Data
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Global Vegetation Health dataset; Green-up trend; NDVI change
ID SPACE
AB The past 30 years of environmental observations showed considerable global temperature increase and global changes in snow and ice cover, sea level, biological systems timing (plants, birds etc.) and others. It was also shown with 20-year satellite records that Earth vegetation has an early greening, especially in the northern latitudes. Currently, 10 more years were added to the satellite records requiring re-evaluation of vegetation trends. NOAA/NESDIS has recently updated long-term satellite records produced from AVHRR data. These innovations permitted to develop the new 30-year Global Vegetation Health (GVH) dataset and products. The GVH were processed comprehensively to remove noise even those which had not been removed before. This paper investigates the 30-year no-noise NDVI time series for the purpose of trend detection. Data showed that the 30-year trend both global and latitudinal is very negligible.
C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 119
EP 123
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_14
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100014
ER
PT S
AU Powell, AM
Xu, JJ
Chen, M
AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr.
Xu, Jianjun
Chen, Ming
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Regime Shifts in the Atmosphere and Their Relationship to Abrupt Ocean
Changes
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Abrupt ocean change; Fish stock; El Nino/La Nina; Global waves
ID NORTH PACIFIC; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION
AB The ocean community has monitored abrupt climate changes or regime shifts in various fish species around the Pacific and Atlantic basins via fish stock and fish catch statistics. These regime shifts occur over relatively short intervals of 1-3 years, and appear to represent basin wide as well as ecosystem level changes that can last for many years. While regime shifts have been observed in the ocean through changes in physical and biological responses, their primary source has not been attributed to either atmospheric or oceanic forcing. Research results are discussed that make the case for the atmosphere being a key forcing for the abrupt regime shift changes. Also, a set of the independently identified ocean regime shifts are linked with abrupt changes in the atmosphere.
C1 [Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Washington, DC USA.
[Xu, Jianjun; Chen, Ming] IM Syst Grp, Washington, DC USA.
RP Powell, AM (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM Al.Powell@noaa.gov
RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Kogan,
Felix/F-5600-2010
OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 151
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_17
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100017
ER
PT S
AU Kogan, F
AF Kogan, Felix
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI ENSO Impact on Vegetation
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Land ecosystems; Vegetation Health; Drought; El Nino; La Nina; AVHRR
data; Lag correlation
ID AFRICA; INDEX
AB This paper examines the 1981-1997 association between monthly SST anomalies in the 3.4 tropical Pacific and vegetation health (VH) indices for every 16 km(2) pixel of the world. The VH indices are represented by the Vegetation condition (VCI), Temperature condition (TCI), and Vegetation Health (VHI) indices. VCI determines moisture conditions, TCI - thermal conditions and VHI - the total vegetation health. Two types of responses were identified for boreal winter: ecosystems of northern South America, southern Africa, and Southeast Asia experienced severe moisture and thermal stress during El Nino and favorable conditions during La Nina years. In Argentina and the Horn of Africa the response was opposite. One of the most interesting results this paper shows are related to an advanced warnings of ENSO impacts. The eastern Brazil is sensitive to ENSO as early as in the spring (March May) of the year the ENSO is starting its development.
C1 NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov
RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 165
EP 171
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_19
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100019
ER
PT S
AU Kogan, F
Guo, W
Jelenak, A
AF Kogan, Felix
Guo, Wei
Jelenak, Aleksandar
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Global Vegetation Health: Long-Term Data Records
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Vegetation health; 30-year 4-km data records; Vegetation Condition Index
(VCI); Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation health indices
(VHI); NDVI and BT
ID HIGH-RESOLUTION-RADIOMETER; AVHRR; SATELLITE
AB The new Global Vegetation Health (GVH) data set has been developed for operational and scientific purposes. The GVH has advantages before other long-term global data sets, being the longest (30-year), having the highest spatial resolution (4-km), containing, in addition to NDVI, data and products from infrared channels, originally observed reflectance/emission values, no-noise indices, biophysical climatology and what is the most important, products used for monitoring the environment and socioeconomic activities. The processed data and products are ready to be used without additional processing for monitoring, assessments and predictions in agriculture, forestry, climate change and forcing, health, invasive species, deceases, ecosystem addressing such topics as food security, land cover land change, climate change, environmental security and others.
C1 [Kogan, Felix] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
[Guo, Wei] IMSG Inc, Washington, DC USA.
[Jelenak, Aleksandar] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov
RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Jelenak,
Aleksandar/F-5595-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Powell,
Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 247
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_28
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100028
ER
PT S
AU Kogan, F
Vargas, M
Guo, W
AF Kogan, Felix
Vargas, Marco
Guo, Wei
BE Kogan, F
Powell, AM
Fedorov, O
TI Comparison of AVHRR-Based Global Data Records
SO USE OF SATELLITE AND IN-SITU DATA TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY
SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Advanced Research Workshop on Using Satellite and In Situ Data to
Improve Sustainability
CY JUN 09-12, 2009
CL Kyiv, UKRAINE
SP N Atlantic Treaty Org, Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm (NOAA)
DE Vegetation health; 30-year 4-km data records; Vegetation condition index
(VCI); Temperature (TCI) and Vegetation health (VHI) indices; NDVI and
BT
ID NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE
AB Several global data sets have been developed from the AVHRR instrument measuring reflectance/emission of the Earth since the early 1980s. The longest datasets currently available for users are NOAA's Global Vegetation Health (GVH), NASA's Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) and Land Long Term data Records (LTDR). The GVH has 30-year records (1981-2010), GIMMS - 26 (1981-2006) and LTDR - 19 (1981-1999). These datasets have different spatial and temporal resolutions, processing methods (sampling, calibration, noise removal, mapping, gap treatment etc.), applicability, availability, distribution etc. They have been used frequently for monitoring earth surface, atmosphere near the ground and analysis of climate related land surface trends. Since one of the common features of these datasets is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) this paper is focusing on comparison of NDVI time series, specifically comparing time series dynamics and trends. It is shown that GIMMS NDVI is two to three times higher and has steeper long-term trend compared to GVH and LTDR.
C1 [Kogan, Felix; Vargas, Marco] NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
[Guo, Wei] IMSG Inc, Washington, DC USA.
RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NESDIS NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Washington, DC USA.
EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov
RI Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011; Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Vargas,
Marco/F-5629-2010; Powell, Al/G-4059-2010
OI Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441; Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Vargas,
Marco/0000-0001-6103-7278; Powell, Al/0000-0002-9289-8369
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1871-4668
BN 978-90-481-9617-3
J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR
JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur.
PY 2011
BP 267
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9618-0_30
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Science & Technology - Other
Topics
GA BVW14
UT WOS:000292940100030
ER
PT J
AU Hooft, EEE
Patel, H
Wilcock, W
Becker, K
Butterfield, D
Davis, E
Dziak, R
Inderbitzen, K
Lilley, M
McGill, P
Toomey, D
Stakes, D
AF Hooft, Emilie E. E.
Patel, Hemalinee
Wilcock, William
Becker, Keir
Butterfield, David
Davis, Earl
Dziak, Robert
Inderbitzen, Katherine
Lilley, Marvin
McGill, Paul
Toomey, Douglas
Stakes, Debra
TI A seismic swarm and regional hydrothermal and hydrologic perturbations:
The northern Endeavour segment, February 2005
SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE earthquake swarm; hydrothermal response; hydrologic response; magma
intrusion; overlapping spreading center; Endeavour ridge
ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; LONG-VALLEY CALDERA;
MIDOCEAN RIDGE; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY;
B-VALUE; JUAN; EARTHQUAKES
AB The February 2005 swarm at the overlapping spreading center (OSC) on the northern end of the Endeavour segment is the first swarm on the Juan de Fuca Ridge recorded on a local seafloor seismic network. The swarm included several larger earthquakes and caused triggered seismicity and a hydrothermal response in the Endeavour vent fields as well as regional-scale hydrologic pressure perturbations. The spatial and temporal pattern of over 6000 earthquakes recorded during this seismic sequence is complex. Small-magnitude events dominate, and seismicity rates wax and wane, indicating a magmatic process. The main swarm initiates at the northern end of the Endeavour ridge. However, most of the moment release, including six strike-slip events, occurs in the southwest Endeavour Valley, where the swarm epicenters generally migrate south. The main swarm is contemporaneous with a hydrologic pressure response at four sealed seafloor boreholes, similar to 25-105 km away. We infer that the seismic sequence is driven by a largely aseismic magma intrusion at the northern Endeavour axis. Resulting stress changes trigger slip on tectonic faults and possibly dike propagation at the opposing limb of the Endeavour OSC in the southwest Endeavour Valley, consistent with the eventual decapitation of the Endeavour by the West Valley segment. Furthermore, 2.5 days after the start of the main swarm, seismicity is triggered beneath the Endeavour vent fields, and temperature increases at a diffuse vent in the Mothra field. We infer that this delayed response is due to a hydrologic pressure pulse that diffuses away from the main magma intrusion.
C1 [Hooft, Emilie E. E.; Toomey, Douglas] Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
[Patel, Hemalinee] British Petr Co PLC, Houston, TX 77079 USA.
[Wilcock, William; Lilley, Marvin] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Becker, Keir; Inderbitzen, Katherine] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Butterfield, David] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Davis, Earl] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada.
[Dziak, Robert] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[McGill, Paul] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Stakes, Debra] Cuesta Coll, Div Phys Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93403 USA.
RP Hooft, EEE (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Geol Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA.
EM emilie@uoregon.edu
RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016;
OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Toomey,
Douglas/0000-0003-2873-4084
FU Monterey Bay Aquarium; University of Washington (UW); National Science
Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0937285, OCE-0937006, OCE-0400471]; NEPTUNE
Canada; Geological Survey of Canada
FX We thank J. Delaney and D. Kelley for their leadership of the program
that included this experiment; D. Bowman, J. Parker, H. Patel, C.
Schmidt, and student participants in a Friday Harbor Laboratories
research apprenticeship and the IRIS summer internship program for
assistance with the initial data analysis; and M. Tolstoy and an
anonymous reviewer for reviews that improved this manuscript. The W. M.
Keck Foundation supported the seismic and hydrothermal data collection
and analysis with matching support from the Monterey Bay Aquarium (for
ship time and ocean bottom instruments) and the University of Washington
(UW) (for ship time). The National Science Foundation (NSF) supported
this research (OCE-0937285 and OCE-0937006) as well as the computational
facility at the University of Oregon (EAR-0651123). Collection of the
high-resolution ABE bathymetry was funded by NSF, UW, and NEPTUNE
Canada. Collection of the CORK pressure data was supported by the
Geological Survey of Canada and NSF (OCE-0400471). This paper is PMEL
contribution 3615.
NR 56
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1525-2027
J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY
JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
PD DEC 31
PY 2010
VL 11
AR Q12015
DI 10.1029/2010GC003264
PG 23
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 701RB
UT WOS:000285839000002
ER
PT J
AU Jordan, NS
Hoff, RM
Bacmeister, JT
AF Jordan, Nikisa S.
Hoff, Raymond M.
Bacmeister, Julio T.
TI Validation of Goddard Earth Observing System-version 5 MERRA planetary
boundary layer heights using CALIPSO
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; ENTRAINMENT ZONE; AIRBORNE LIDAR; TEMPERATURE;
RADIOMETER; EMISSION; AEROSOLS; TOP
AB This study compares the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height produced by the Goddard Earth Observing System-version 5 (GEOS-5) model with Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). Part of GEOS-5 is an Atmosphere Global Circulation Model (GCM) used by National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Model developers are uncertain of the precision of model PBL height predictions since verification by direct observations of the PBL height is sparse. Validation of the PBL height serves as a diagnostic on whether the physics and dynamics packages are correct in the model. In this work, we report the global daytime PBL heights derived from dissertation work by Jordan (2009). We believe that this is the first large-scale observational study of PBL heights using CALIPSO. In this paper, we compare CALIPSO PBL heights to matched PBL heights from the GEOS-5 Modern Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) model. Extensive comparisons between the model output and satellite observations in the Western Hemisphere and over Africa gave model-measurement correlation coefficients (R) of 0.47-0.73. Comparisons have been performed for regions over land and water using clouds, aerosols, and mixed cloud-aerosol features to detect the PBL. The present study provides insight of regional PBL height variances in the GEOS-5 model. For much of the study region GEOS-5 predicts PBL heights within 25% of CALIPSO observations. A case over the Equatorial Pacific indicates that the GEOS-5/CALIPSO PBL height ratios exceed 1.25. PBL height biases in the Equatorial Pacific may be related to the GCM coupling scheme implemented in GEOS-5. Also, in some regions, the CALIPSO PBL heights are generally higher than the GEOS-5 model.
C1 [Jordan, Nikisa S.; Hoff, Raymond M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Jordan, Nikisa S.; Hoff, Raymond M.] CUNY City Coll, Cooperat Ctr Remote Sensing Sci & Technol, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Bacmeister, Julio T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Jordan, NS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Ste 320,5523 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
EM njordan1@umbc.edu
RI Hoff, Raymond/C-6747-2012
FU Cooperative Center for Remote Sensing Science and Technology (CREST)
CUNY [49100-00-02-B]; NASA [NAS1-99107]
FX This work was funded by Cooperative Center for Remote Sensing Science
and Technology (CREST) CUNY grant 49100-00-02-B and NASA NAS1-99107.
NR 28
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Z9 35
U1 10
U2 31
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 31
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D24218
DI 10.1029/2009JD013777
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 701QP
UT WOS:000285837600001
ER
PT J
AU Lavelle, JW
Thurnherr, AM
Ledwell, JR
McGillicuddy, DJ
Mullineaux, LS
AF Lavelle, J. W.
Thurnherr, A. M.
Ledwell, J. R.
McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.
Mullineaux, L. S.
TI Deep ocean circulation and transport where the East Pacific Rise at 9-10
degrees N meets the Lamont seamount chain
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; SPREADING MIDOCEAN RIDGES; PRIMITIVE-EQUATION MODEL;
SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; FUCA RIDGE; FIEBERLING-GUYOT; BOTTOM CURRENTS;
JUAN; PLUMES; FLOW
AB We report the first 3-D numerical model study of abyssal ocean circulation and transport over the steep topography of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and adjoining Lamont seamount chain in the eastern tropical Pacific. We begin by comparing results of hydrodynamical model calculations with observations of currents, hydrography, and SF(6) tracer dispersion taken during Larval Dispersal on the Deep East Pacific Rise (LADDER) field expeditions in 2006-2007. Model results are then used to extend observations in time and space. Regional patterns are pronounced in their temporal variability at M(2) tidal and subinertial periods. Mean velocities show ridge-trapped current jets flowing poleward west and equatorward east of the ridge, with time-varying magnitudes (weekly average maximum of similar to 10 cm s(-1)) that make the jets important features with regard to ridge-originating particle/larval transport. Isotherms bow upward over the ridge and plunge downward into seamount flanks below ridge crest depth. The passage (P1) between the EPR and the first Lamont seamount to the west is a choke point for northward flux at ridge crest depths and below. Weekly averaged velocities show times of anticyclonic flow around the Lamont seamount chain as a whole and anticyclonic flow around individual seamounts. Results show that during the LADDER tracer experiment SF(6) reached P1 from the south in the western flank jet. A short-lived change in regional flow direction, just at the time of SF(6) arrival at P1, started the transport of SF(6) to the west on a course south of the seamounts, as field observations suggest. Approximately 20 days later, a longer-lasting shift in regional flow from west to SSE returned a small fraction of the tracer to the EPR ridge crest.
C1 [Lavelle, J. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Thurnherr, A. M.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Div Ocean & Climate Phys, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Ledwell, J. R.; McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Appl Ocean Phys & Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Mullineaux, L. S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Lavelle, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM j.williams.lavelle@noaa.gov
FU NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Biological and
Physical Oceanography Sections of the Division of Ocean Sciences of the
NSF [OCE-0424953, OCE-0425361]
FX The work of the lead author was funded by NOAA's Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory and by NOAA's Vents Program. The work of the
other authors has been supported by the Biological and Physical
Oceanography Sections of the Division of Ocean Sciences of the NSF under
grants OCE-0424953 and OCE-0425361, Larval Dispersion along the Deep
East Pacific Rise (LADDER). This is contribution 3537 from NOAA's
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The freeware application Ferret
was used to analyze and display data sets.
NR 40
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U1 4
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 31
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12073
DI 10.1029/2010JC006426
PG 25
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 701PZ
UT WOS:000285835700005
ER
PT J
AU Earle, GD
Bhaneja, P
Roddy, PA
Swenson, CM
Barjatya, A
Bishop, RL
Bullett, TW
Crowley, G
Redmon, R
Groves, K
Cosgrove, R
Vadas, SL
AF Earle, G. D.
Bhaneja, P.
Roddy, P. A.
Swenson, C. M.
Barjatya, A.
Bishop, R. L.
Bullett, T. W.
Crowley, G.
Redmon, R.
Groves, K.
Cosgrove, R.
Vadas, Sharon L.
TI A comprehensive rocket and radar study of midlatitude spread F
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES;
SPORADIC-E LAYERS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; INSTABILITY; ELECTRODYNAMICS;
PROPAGATION; CONVECTION; GENERATION; CAMPAIGN
AB An instrumented sounding rocket launched from Wallops Island Virginia has flown through a midlatitude spread F (MSF) event in conjunction with simultaneous ionosonde, HF radar, and 244 MHz scintillation observations from the ground. The in situ measurements include the electric field, horizontal neutral wind, and plasma density within the spread F region. The ground-based HF radar measurements of wave signatures in the bottomside F region ledge reveal the presence of waves propagating to the north and northwest prior to and during the spreading event. The periods of these bottomside waves range from 16 to 60 min, and they are shown to be associated with a strong tropical storm located similar to 2000 km southeast of the launch site. Enhancements in the auroral current system occur about an hour before the MSF first appears, but none of the observed waves can be attributed to this source. The new phase-sensitive ionosonde system operated at Wallops Island during the experiment confirms the long-standing hypothesis that this particular spread F event arises from multipath echoes distributed over a wide field of view in the bottomside F region. Evidence of vertically displaced plasma that could produce such multipath echoes is observed in the rocket data at and above the F region peak over spatial scales smaller than the wavelengths observed on the bottomside ledge by the HF radar, but similar to the range separation given by the high resolution ionosonde echoes when the scale lengths of the structures are interpreted in magnetic coordinates. No significant plasma density structures smaller than a few kilometers are observed in the rocket data, and no unusual scintillation is observed along a path coincident with the rocket trajectory.
C1 [Earle, G. D.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
[Bhaneja, P.; Bullett, T. W.] NGDC, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Roddy, P. A.; Groves, K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA.
[Swenson, C. M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Barjatya, A.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA.
[Bishop, R. L.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
[Crowley, G.] Atmospher & Space Technol Res Associates LLC, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Redmon, R.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Cosgrove, R.] SRI Int, Ctr Geospace Studies, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Vadas, Sharon L.] NW Res Associates, CoRA Div, Boulder, CO 80503 USA.
RP Earle, GD (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd,WT 15, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
EM preeti.bhaneja@noaa.gov
RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011
OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719
FU NASA [NNG04WC19G, NNH07AF501, NNG04WC49G, NNH08CE12C]
FX This work was supported by NASA grants NNG04WC19G, NNH07AF501,
NNG04WC49G, and NNH08CE12C.
NR 45
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 31
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A12339
DI 10.1029/2010JA015503
PG 21
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 701RJ
UT WOS:000285839900002
ER
PT J
AU Li, FY
Ramaswamy, V
Ginoux, P
Broccoli, AJ
Delworth, T
Zeng, FR
AF Li, Fuyu
Ramaswamy, V.
Ginoux, Paul
Broccoli, Anthony J.
Delworth, Thomas
Zeng, Fanrong
TI Toward understanding the dust deposition in Antarctica during the Last
Glacial Maximum: Sensitivity studies on plausible causes
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID C ICE-CORE; EAST ANTARCTICA; DOME-C; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
MODEL; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; VOSTOK; RECORD
AB Understanding the plausible causes for the observed high dust concentrations in Antarctic ice cores during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is crucial for interpreting the Antarctic dust records in the past climates and could provide insights into dust variability in future climates. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) General Circulation Models, we conduct an investigation into the various factors modulating dust emission, transport, and deposition, with a view toward an improved quantification of the LGM dust enhancements in the Antarctic ice cores. The model simulations show that the expansion of source areas and changes in the Antarctic ice accumulation rates together can account for most of the observed increase of dust concentrations in the Vostok, Dome C, and Taylor Dome cores, but there is an overestimate of the LGM/present ratio in the case of the Byrd core. The source expansion due to the lowering of sea level yields a factor of 2-3 higher contribution than that due to the reduction of continental vegetation. The changes in other climate parameters (e.g., SH precipitation change) are estimated to be relatively less important within the context of this sensitivity study, while the model-simulated LGM surface winds yield a 20%-30% reduction rather than an increase in dust deposition in Antarctica. This research yields insights toward a fundamental understanding of the causes for the significant enhancement of the dust deposition in the Antarctic ice cores during the LGM.
C1 [Li, Fuyu] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Ramaswamy, V.; Ginoux, Paul; Delworth, Thomas] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08452 USA.
[Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Broccoli, Anthony J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
RP Li, FY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM fli@lbl.gov
RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Li, Fuyu/B-9055-2013; Delworth,
Thomas/C-5191-2014; Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014
OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434
FU NASA Headquarters [NESSF07]
FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space
Science Fellowship Program (NESSF07).
NR 49
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Z9 6
U1 0
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 30
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D24120
DI 10.1029/2010JD014791
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 701QO
UT WOS:000285837500004
ER
PT J
AU Baker-Yeboah, S
Byrne, DA
Watts, DR
AF Baker-Yeboah, S.
Byrne, D. A.
Watts, D. R.
TI Observations of mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic Cape Basin:
Baroclinic and deep barotropic eddy variability
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID GEOSTROPHIC VORTEX DYNAMICS; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; INTER-OCEAN
EXCHANGE; 3 AGULHAS RINGS; WARM-CORE RING; BENGUELA CURRENT;
NUMERICAL-MODEL; V-STATES; RETROFLECTION; EVOLUTION
AB Anticyclones and cyclones in the eastern South Atlantic are characterized based on data collected during January 2003 to March 2005, along a Jason 1 satellite altimeter ground track, as part of the Agulhas South Atlantic Thermohaline Transport Experiment. Large and small cyclones and anticyclones were ubiquitous in the deep ocean of the eastern South Atlantic, as well as in the upper ocean. Eddy structures jointly corotating in the upper and deep water column were common; most of the time (94%) these were not axially aligned as they copropagated. The Agulhas rings and cyclones that populate the region generally carry both a steric component (baroclinic) and a mass loading component (deep barotropic structure). Average translation speeds were 7.5 cm s (1) for baroclinic eddies and twice as fast for barotropic eddies, irrespective of polarity. Translation speeds were higher than advection by the mean background flow field. In addition, large mixed baroclinic-barotropic rings crashed into the Agulhas Ridge and nearby seamounts and split into two or more parts. Some ring parts were also observed to fuse together. Deep cyclones, as well as interactions with topography, were observed to play a role in the fission process of Agulhas rings. These processes can increase the population of Agulhas rings and their remnant eddies, which took three pathways from the Agulhas and into the Cape Basin: (1) a deep pathway between the continental slope and Erica Seamount, (2) a shallower pathway over or near the Agulhas Ridge and Schmitt-Otto Seamount, and (3) a deep seaward pathway around the Agulhas Ridge.
C1 [Baker-Yeboah, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Byrne, D. A.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Watts, D. R.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Baker-Yeboah, S (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sbaker@mit.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0095572, OCE-0099177]
FX Support was provided by the National Science Foundation for grants
OCE-0095572 and OCE-0099177. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of
Neal R. Pettigrew for collecting and providing current meter data. We
thank Glenn R. Flierl and Carl Wunsch for editorial comments.
NR 51
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Z9 6
U1 2
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 29
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12069
DI 10.1029/2010JC006236
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 701PT
UT WOS:000285835000002
ER
PT J
AU Stewart, KR
Lewison, RL
Dunn, DC
Bjorkland, RH
Kelez, S
Halpin, PN
Crowder, LB
AF Stewart, Kelly R.
Lewison, Rebecca L.
Dunn, Daniel C.
Bjorkland, Rhema H.
Kelez, Shaleyla
Halpin, Patrick N.
Crowder, Larry B.
TI Characterizing Fishing Effort and Spatial Extent of Coastal Fisheries
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; MARINE FOOD WEBS; GLOBAL FISHERIES; SEA;
CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; CHALLENGES; MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE; IMPACTS
AB Biodiverse coastal zones are often areas of intense fishing pressure due to the high relative density of fishing capacity in these nearshore regions. Although overcapacity is one of the central challenges to fisheries sustainability in coastal zones, accurate estimates of fishing pressure in coastal zones are limited, hampering the assessment of the direct and collateral impacts (e. g., habitat degradation, bycatch) of fishing. We compiled a comprehensive database of fishing effort metrics and the corresponding spatial limits of fisheries and used a spatial analysis program (FEET) to map fishing effort density (measured as boat-meters per km(2)) in the coastal zones of six ocean regions. We also considered the utility of a number of socioeconomic variables as indicators of fishing pressure at the national level; fishing density increased as a function of population size and decreased as a function of coastline length. Our mapping exercise points to intra and interregional 'hotspots' of coastal fishing pressure. The significant and intuitive relationships we found between fishing density and population size and coastline length may help with coarse regional characterizations of fishing pressure. However, spatially-delimited fishing effort data are needed to accurately map fishing hotspots, i.e., areas of intense fishing activity. We suggest that estimates of fishing effort, not just target catch or yield, serve as a necessary measure of fishing activity, which is a key link to evaluating sustainability and environmental impacts of coastal fisheries.
C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
[Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Dunn, Daniel C.; Halpin, Patrick N.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
[Bjorkland, Rhema H.; Kelez, Shaleyla; Crowder, Larry B.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA.
EM rlewison@sciences.sdsu.edu
OI Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681; Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX This work was supported by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore
Foundation to Project GloBAL (Global Bycatch Assessment of Long-lived
species http://bycatch.env.duke.edu). The funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 42
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 20
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD DEC 29
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 12
AR e14451
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014451
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 701CZ
UT WOS:000285793200007
PM 21206903
ER
PT J
AU Andreas, EL
Jones, KF
Fairall, CW
AF Andreas, Edgar L.
Jones, Kathleen F.
Fairall, Christopher W.
TI Production velocity of sea spray droplets
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRY-DEPOSITION; WATER SURFACES; JET DROPS;
AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; GENERATION FUNCTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS;
RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PRODUCTION-RATES; SALT AEROSOL
AB The sea spray generation function dF/dr(0) predicts the rate at which droplets of initial radius r(0) are produced at the sea surface. Because this function is not readily measurable in the marine environment, however, it is often inferred from measurements of the near-surface droplet concentration, C(r(0)), through an assumed velocity scale, the effective spray production velocity. This paper proceeds in reverse, though: It uses a reliable estimate of dF/dr(0) and 13 sets of measurements of C(r(0)) over the ocean to calculate the implied effective production velocity, V-eff, for droplets with initial radii r(0) from 5 to 300 mu m. It then compares these V-eff values with four candidate expressions for this production velocity: the dry-deposition velocity, V-Dh; the mean wind speed at the significant wave amplitude (A(1/3)), U-A1/3; the standard deviation in vertical droplet velocity, sigma(wd); and laboratory measurements of the ejection velocity of jet droplets, V-ej. The velocity scales U-A1/3 and V-ej agree best with the implied V-eff values for 20 <= r(0) <= 300 mu m. The deposition velocity, V-Dh, which is the velocity most commonly used in this application, agrees worst with the Veff values. For droplets with r(0) less than about 20 mu m, the analysis also rejects the main hypothesis: that dF/dr(0) and C(r(0)) can be related through a velocity scale. These smaller droplets simply have residence times that are too long for spray concentrations to be in local equilibrium with the spray production rate.
C1 [Andreas, Edgar L.] NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA.
[Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Jones, Kathleen F.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), NW Res Associates Inc, Seattle Div, 25 Eagle Rdg, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA.
EM eandreas@nwra.com
FU U.S. Mineral Management Service [M07RG13274]; U.S. Office of Naval
Research [N00014-08-1-0411]
FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that helped clarify our
presentation. The U.S. Mineral Management Service supported this work
under Interagency Agreement M07RG13274. The U.S. Office of Naval
Research also supported ELA through grant N00014-08-1-0411.
NR 67
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 28
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12065
DI 10.1029/2010JC006458
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 701PS
UT WOS:000285834800004
ER
PT J
AU Link, JS
Megrey, BA
Miller, TJ
Essington, T
Boldt, J
Bundy, A
Moksness, E
Drinkwater, KF
Perry, RI
AF Link, Jason S.
Megrey, Bernard A.
Miller, Thomas J.
Essington, Tim
Boldt, Jennifer
Bundy, Alida
Moksness, Erlend
Drinkwater, Ken F.
Perry, R. Ian
TI Comparative analysis of marine ecosystems: international production
modelling workshop
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE production modelling; triad of drivers; ecosystem comparisons;
trophodynamics; biophysical forcing; fisheries
ID TROPHIC CASCADES; GLOBAL FISHERIES; BOTTOM-UP; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC; OCEAN;
CATCH
AB Understanding the drivers that dictate the productivity of marine ecosystems continues to be a globally important issue. A vast literature identifies three main processes that regulate the production dynamics of such ecosystems: biophysical, exploitative and trophodynamic. Exploring the prominence among this 'triad' of drivers, through a synthetic analysis, is critical for understanding how marine ecosystems function and subsequently produce fisheries resources of interest to humans. To explore this topic further, an international workshop was held on 10-14 May 2010, at the National Academy of Science's Jonsson Center in Woods Hole, MA, USA. The workshop compiled the data required to develop production models at different hierarchical levels (e.g. species, guild, ecosystem) for many of the major Northern Hemisphere marine ecosystems that have supported notable fisheries. Analyses focused on comparable total system biomass production, functionally equivalent species production, or simulation studies for 11 different marine fishery ecosystems. Workshop activities also led to new analytical tools. Preliminary results suggested common patterns driving overall fisheries production in these ecosystems, but also highlighted variation in the relative importance of each among ecosystems.
C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Megrey, Bernard A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA.
[Essington, Tim] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Boldt, Jennifer; Perry, R. Ian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada.
[Bundy, Alida] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Halifax, NS B2Y 14A2, Canada.
[Moksness, Erlend] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway.
[Drinkwater, Ken F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
[Drinkwater, Ken F.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
EM jason.link@noaa.gov
RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008; Bundy, Alida/H-2884-2015
OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Bundy, Alida/0000-0002-4282-0715
NR 26
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 5
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD DEC 23
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 6
BP 723
EP 726
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0526
PG 4
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 678TO
UT WOS:000284104000002
PM 20610416
ER
PT J
AU Constantino, PJ
Lee, JJW
Chai, H
Zipfel, B
Ziscovici, C
Lawn, BR
Lucas, PW
AF Constantino, Paul J.
Lee, James J. -W.
Chai, Herzl
Zipfel, Bernhard
Ziscovici, Charles
Lawn, Brian R.
Lucas, Peter W.
TI Tooth chipping can reveal the diet and bite forces of fossil hominins
SO BIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE dietary reconstruction; hominid; dentition; fracture
ID ESTIMATED BITING FORCES; DENTAL MICROWEAR; FALLBACK FOODS; MAMMALS;
EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; ECOLOGY; INVIVO; ENAMEL; TEETH
AB Mammalian tooth enamel is often chipped, providing clear evidence for localized contacts with large hard food objects. Here, we apply a simple fracture equation to estimate peak bite forces directly from chip size. Many fossil hominins exhibit antemortem chips on their posterior teeth, indicating their use of high bite forces. The inference that these species must have consumed large hard foods such as seeds is supported by the occurrence of similar chips among known modern-day seed predators such as orangutans and peccaries. The existence of tooth chip signatures also provides a way of identifying the consumption of rarely eaten foods that dental microwear and isotopic analysis are unlikely to detect.
C1 [Constantino, Paul J.; Ziscovici, Charles; Lawn, Brian R.; Lucas, Peter W.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
[Lee, James J. -W.; Lawn, Brian R.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chai, Herzl] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Zipfel, Bernhard] Univ Witwatersrand, Bernard Price Inst Palaeontol Res, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[Zipfel, Bernhard] Univ Witwatersrand, Inst Human Evolut, Johannesburg, South Africa.
RP Constantino, PJ (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Ctr Adv Study Human Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
EM paulconstantino@gmail.com
FU National Science Foundation [0851351, 0725122]; George Washington
University; Israeli Science Foundation; Palaeontological Scientific
Trust
FX We thank Bernard Wood and Fred Grine for access to their hominin cast
collections, Linda Gordon, Colin Menter, and Stephany Potze for access
to specimens in their care, and Ashley Hammond and Carol Ward for
providing images of Australopithecus anamensis teeth. Human teeth were
supplied by the Paffenbarger Research Center. This work was supported by
the National Science Foundation (grant 0851351 to PWL, PJC, JJWL, and
BRL; and 0725122 to PWL), the George Washington University Research
Enhancement Fund (to PJC), the Israeli Science Foundation (to HC), and
the Palaeontological Scientific Trust (to BZ).
NR 27
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Z9 56
U1 3
U2 19
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 1744-9561
J9 BIOL LETTERS
JI Biol. Lett.
PD DEC 23
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 6
BP 826
EP 829
DI 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0304
PG 4
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 678TO
UT WOS:000284104000029
PM 20519197
ER
PT J
AU Kunkel, KE
Easterling, DR
Kristovich, DAR
Gleason, B
Stoecker, L
Smith, R
AF Kunkel, Kenneth E.
Easterling, David R.
Kristovich, David A. R.
Gleason, Byron
Stoecker, Leslie
Smith, Rebecca
TI Recent increases in U.S. heavy precipitation associated with tropical
cyclones
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS
AB Precipitation time series for 935 long-term U. S. climate stations were analyzed to identify daily extreme events associated with tropical cyclones (TCs). Extremes were defined as daily amounts exceeding a threshold for a 1 in 5-yr occurrence. TCs account for 30% or more of all such extreme events at a number of stations and about 6% of the national annual total. During 1994-2008, the number of TC-associated events was more than double the long-term average while the total annual national number of events was about 25% above the long-term (1895-2008) average. Despite the limited spatial area and portion of the annual cycle affected by TCs, the anomalous number of events associated with TCs accounted for over one-third of the overall national anomaly for 1994-2008. While there has been a recent increase in the number of landfalling U. S. hurricances, the increase in TC-associated heavy events is much higher than would be expected from the pre-1994 association between the two. Citation: Kunkel, K. E. D. R. Easterling, D. A. R. Kristovich, B. Gleason, L. Stoecker, and R. Smith (2010), Recent increases in U. S. heavy precipitation associated with tropical cyclones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24706, doi:10.1029/2010GL045164.
C1 [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Easterling, David R.; Gleason, Byron] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth E.; Kristovich, David A. R.; Stoecker, Leslie; Smith, Rebecca] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, INRS, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.
[Smith, Rebecca] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Kunkel, KE (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM kenneth.kunkel@dri.edu
RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015;
OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; Kristovich,
David/0000-0001-9381-1053
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office
[NA07OAR4310063]
FX This work was partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Climate Program Office award NA07OAR4310063. We thank
James Angel and Alan Black for their constructive comments. Any
opinions, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the institutions for which they
work.
NR 18
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 23
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L24706
DI 10.1029/2010GL045164
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 699BO
UT WOS:000285639100002
ER
PT J
AU Mamontov, E
Faraone, A
Hagaman, EW
Han, KS
Fratini, E
AF Mamontov, E.
Faraone, A.
Hagaman, E. W.
Han, K. S.
Fratini, E.
TI A Low-Temperature Crossover in Water Dynamics in an Aqueous LiCl
Solution: Diffusion Probed by Neutron Spin-Echo and Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID STOKES-EINSTEIN RELATION; CONFINED WATER; SUPERCOOLED WATER;
MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICA MATRICES; HYDRATION WATER; LIQUID WATER;
SCATTERING; TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY
AB Aqueous solutions of lithium chloride are an excellent model system for studying the dynamics of water molecules down to low temperatures without freezing. The apparent dynamic crossover observed in an aqueous solution of LiCl at about 220 to 225 K [Mamontov, JPCB 2009, 113, 14073] is located practically at the same temperature as the crossover found for pure water confined in small hydrophilic pores. This finding suggests a strong similarity of water behavior in these two types of systems. At the same time, studies of solutions allow more effective explorations of the long-range diffusion dynamics, because the water molecules are not confined inside an impenetrable matrix. In contrast to the earlier incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering results obtained for the scattering momentum transfers of 0.3 angstrom(-1) <= Q <= 0.9 angstrom(-1), our present incoherent neutron spin-echo measurements at a lower Q of 0.1 angstrom(-1) exhibit no apparent crossover in the relaxation times down to 200 K. At the same time, our present nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of the diffusion coefficients clearly show a deviation at the lower temperatures from the non-Arrhenius law obtained at the higher temperatures. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which more than one relaxational component may exist below the temperature of the dynamic crossover in water.
C1 [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Faraone, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Faraone, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hagaman, E. W.; Han, K. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Fratini, E.] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Fratini, E.] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM mamontove@ornl.gov
RI Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015;
OI Fratini, Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530; Mamontov,
Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Han, Kee Sung/0000-0002-3535-1818
FU U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences,
and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; CSGI; MIUR
FX A part of this research performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. The work at the Chemical
Sciences Division of the ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
U.S. Department of Energy. We are thankful to A. P. Sokolov for valuable
discussion. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. E. Fratini
kindly acknowledges financial support from CSGI and MIUR.
NR 56
TC 19
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U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD DEC 23
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 50
BP 16737
EP 16743
DI 10.1021/jp108497b
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 693PT
UT WOS:000285236700009
PM 21117619
ER
PT J
AU Simiu, E
AF Simiu, Emil
TI IONESCO WAS NOT A NATIONALIST
SO NEW YORK REVIEW OF BOOKS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Simiu, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NEW YORK REVIEW
PI NEW YORK
PA 1755 BROADWAY, 5TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10019 USA
SN 0028-7504
J9 NEW YORK REV BOOKS
JI N. Y. Rev. Books
PD DEC 23
PY 2010
VL 57
IS 20
BP 102
EP 102
PG 1
WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary
SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics
GA 688AQ
UT WOS:000284820300037
ER
PT J
AU Ray, AJ
Seaborn, G
Leffler, JW
Wilde, SB
Lawson, A
Browdy, CL
AF Ray, Andrew J.
Seaborn, Gloria
Leffler, John W.
Wilde, Susan B.
Lawson, Alisha
Browdy, Craig L.
TI Characterization of microbial communities in minimal-exchange, intensive
aquaculture systems and the effects of suspended solids management
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Biofloc; Shrimp; Biomarkers; Epifluorescence; Intensive aquaculture;
Microbial ecology
ID LITOPENAEUS-VANNAMEI; WHITE SHRIMP; WATER; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOMARKERS;
SEDIMENTS; REMOVAL; GROWTH; FOOD; TECHNOLOGY
AB Minimal-exchange, intensive culture systems require little, if any, water exchange and have high animal stocking densities. Intensive nutrient inputs lead to an abundant community of microorganisms. These microbes are partially contained within suspended "biofloc" particles and contribute to water quality maintenance and provision of supplemental nutrition to the culture species. Optimal function of minimal-exchange, intensive systems is likely dependent on the structure of the microbial communities within them. This document offers a short review of microbial groups important for intensive marine aquaculture and descriptions of three methods for quantifying their abundance. The document also describes an experiment during which these methods were used to monitor the effects of partial biofloc removal on microbe abundance. The first method uses light microscopy, with the option of epifluorescence, along with a ranking system to enumerate the abundance of microbial taxa. The second method exclusively uses epifluorescence to illuminate chlorophyll and cyanobacteria pigments. Images are taken of each fluorescing group of pigments and processed using image analysis software to quantify the respective abundance of the two pigment types. Using the third method, changes in bacterial abundance were determined by gas chromatographic measurement of bacteria-specific fatty acids in solvent extracted water column lipids. Using these techniques, it was determined that removing solids from the culture water significantly (P <= 0.01) reduced the abundance of nematodes, rotifers, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Understanding microbial composition and the effects that management protocols have on that composition may help system managers make better informed decisions. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ray, Andrew J.; Lawson, Alisha] Waddell Mariculture Ctr, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Bluffton, SC 29910 USA.
[Seaborn, Gloria] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Leffler, John W.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Wilde, Susan B.] Univ Georgia, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
[Browdy, Craig L.] Novus Int, Charleston, SC 29407 USA.
RP Ray, AJ (reprint author), Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA.
EM AndrewJRay@gmail.com
FU USDA
FX The techniques described in this document were adapted and applied at
the Waddell Mariculture Center in Bluffton, South Carolina, USA as part
of a Master of Science Thesis (Ray, 2008) through the College of
Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Thank you Heidi Atwood,
Kirsten Ayers, Maggie Broadwater, Amy Dickson, Sylvia Galloway, Traci
Holstein, Martin Jones, Peter Kingsley-Smith, Beth Lewis, Brad McAbee,
Mark McConnel, Stacy Ray, Andrew Shuler, Jesus Venero, Joe Wade, David
White, and the staff of the Waddell Mariculture Center. Any mention of a
trademark or product manufacturer is in no way an endorsement of that
business or a suggestion that one product is superior to another. This
research was supported by grants from the USDA Integrated Organic
Program and the USDA US Marine Shrimp Farming Program. This is
contribution number 657 from the South Carolina Department of Natural
Resources Marine Resources Research Institute.
NR 38
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 8
U2 48
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD DEC 22
PY 2010
VL 310
IS 1-2
BP 130
EP 138
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.019
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 705TQ
UT WOS:000286161200020
ER
PT J
AU Foltz, GR
McPhaden, MJ
AF Foltz, Gregory R.
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in
2009
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; OCEAN
AB Between May and August 2009 sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern equatorial Atlantic dropped 5 C, from 1 C above normal to 1 C below normal. The magnitude of this cooling is unprecedented since satellite SST measurements began in 1982. In this study, observations and a linear equatorial wave model are used to examine the causes of the sharp decrease in SST. It is found that the anomalous cooling along the equator can be traced to an anomalous meridional gradient of SST and associated northwesterly anomalous winds that developed in the equatorial Atlantic the preceding spring. The anomalous winds forced upwelling equatorial Rossby waves that propagated westward during boreal spring and reflected at the western boundary into upwelling Kelvin waves during late spring and summer. The upwelling Kelvin waves propagated eastward along the equator, anomalously decreasing sea level and SST during May-August. Citation: Foltz, G. R., and M. J. McPhaden (2010), Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24605, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045522.
C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Foltz, Gregory R.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov
RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X;
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Joint Institute for the Study of the
Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington
FX This work was supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Joint
Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of
Washington. PMEL publication 3613. JISAO contribution 1845.
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 22
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L24605
DI 10.1029/2010GL045522
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 699BM
UT WOS:000285638900006
ER
PT J
AU Melot, BC
Goldman, A
Darago, LE
Furman, JD
Rodriguez, EE
Seshadri, R
AF Melot, Brent C.
Goldman, Abby
Darago, Lucy E.
Furman, Joshua D.
Rodriguez, Efrain E.
Seshadri, Ram
TI Magnetic ordering and magnetodielectric phenomena in CoSeO4
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFRACTION; POINTS
AB CoSeO4 has a structure consisting of edge-sharing chains of Co2+ octahedra which are held together by SeO42- tetrahedra via shared oxygen atoms at the edges of the octahedra. DC magnetization measurements indicate a transition to an ordered state below 30 K. Powder neutron diffraction refinements suggest an ordered state with two unique antiferromagnetic chains within the unit cell. Isothermal magnetization measurements indicate a temperature-dependent field-induced magnetic transition below the ordering temperature. From neutron diffraction, we find that this corresponds to a realignment of spins from the canted configuration towards the c-axis. The dielectric constant shows a change in slope at the magnetic ordering temperature indicating an interplay between the spin and charge degrees of freedom.
C1 [Melot, Brent C.; Darago, Lucy E.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Melot, Brent C.; Darago, Lucy E.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Goldman, Abby] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Phys, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA.
[Furman, Joshua D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
[Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Melot, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM bmelot@mrl.ucsb.edu; goldm20a@mtholyoke.edu; ldarago@umail.ucsb.edu;
furman@mrl.ucsb.edu; efrainr@nist.gov; seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu
RI Furman, Joshua/F-3632-2010; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Melot,
Brent/B-6456-2008;
OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Melot, Brent/0000-0002-7078-8206;
Darago, Lucy/0000-0001-7515-5558
FU National Science Foundation through an MRSEC [DMR 0520415]; UCSB MRL;
National Science Foundation [DMR 0449354]
FX The authors thank Daniel P Shoemaker and Jonathan Suen for assistance
with the dielectric measurements and Mark Green for assistance in
collection of neutron diffraction data. Support for this work came from
the National Science Foundation through an MRSEC award (DMR 0520415;
support for BM and facilities), a Career Award (DMR 0449354) and the
RISE program at the UCSB MRL (support of internships for LD and AG).
NR 30
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 8
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD DEC 22
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 50
AR 506003
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/50/506003
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 690ZK
UT WOS:000285049200023
PM 21406813
ER
PT J
AU O'Malley, KG
Ford, MJ
Hard, JJ
AF O'Malley, Kathleen G.
Ford, Michael J.
Hard, Jeffrey J.
TI Clock polymorphism in Pacific salmon: evidence for variable selection
along a latitudinal gradient
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE circadian clock; cline; day length; migration; polyglutamine domain;
reproduction
ID PHOTOPERIODIC TIME MEASUREMENT; RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SMOLT DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE CLOCK; GENE;
TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; DROSOPHILA; AMPLITUDE
AB Seasonal timing of life-history events is often under strong natural selection. The Clock gene is a central component of an endogenous circadian clock that senses changes in photoperiod (day length) and mediates seasonal behaviours. Among Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), seasonal timing of migration and breeding is influenced by photoperiod. To expand a study of 42 North American Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations, we tested whether duplicated Clock genes contribute to population differences in reproductive timing. Specifically, we examined geographical variation along a similar latitudinal gradient in the polyglutamine domain (PolyQ) of OtsClock1a and OtsClock1b among 53 populations of three species: chum (Oncorhynchus keta), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). We found evidence for variable selection on OtsClock1b that corresponds to latitudinal variation in reproductive timing among these species. We evaluated the contribution of day length and a freshwater migration index to OtsClock1b PolyQ domain variation using regression trees and found that day length at spawning explains much of the variation in OtsClock1b allele frequency among chum and Chinook, but not coho and pink salmon populations. Our findings suggest that OtsClock1b mediates seasonal adaptation and influences geographical variation in reproductive timing in some of these highly migratory species.
C1 [O'Malley, Kathleen G.; Ford, Michael J.; Hard, Jeffrey J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP O'Malley, KG (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM kathleen.omalley@oregonstate.edu
RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012
NR 39
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 34
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD DEC 22
PY 2010
VL 277
IS 1701
BP 3703
EP 3714
DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0762
PG 12
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 678EB
UT WOS:000284054700002
PM 20610428
ER
PT J
AU Oman, LD
Plummer, DA
Waugh, DW
Austin, J
Scinocca, JF
Douglass, AR
Salawitch, RJ
Canty, T
Akiyoshi, H
Bekki, S
Braesicke, P
Butchart, N
Chipperfield, MP
Cugnet, D
Dhomse, S
Eyring, V
Frith, S
Hardiman, SC
Kinnison, DE
Lamarque, JF
Mancini, E
Marchand, M
Michou, M
Morgenstern, O
Nakamura, T
Nielsen, JE
Olivie, D
Pitari, G
Pyle, J
Rozanov, E
Shepherd, TG
Shibata, K
Stolarski, RS
Teyssedre, H
Tian, W
Yamashita, Y
Ziemke, JR
AF Oman, L. D.
Plummer, D. A.
Waugh, D. W.
Austin, J.
Scinocca, J. F.
Douglass, A. R.
Salawitch, R. J.
Canty, T.
Akiyoshi, H.
Bekki, S.
Braesicke, P.
Butchart, N.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Cugnet, D.
Dhomse, S.
Eyring, V.
Frith, S.
Hardiman, S. C.
Kinnison, D. E.
Lamarque, J. -F.
Mancini, E.
Marchand, M.
Michou, M.
Morgenstern, O.
Nakamura, T.
Nielsen, J. E.
Olivie, D.
Pitari, G.
Pyle, J.
Rozanov, E.
Shepherd, T. G.
Shibata, K.
Stolarski, R. S.
Teyssedre, H.
Tian, W.
Yamashita, Y.
Ziemke, J. R.
TI Multimodel assessment of the factors driving stratospheric ozone
evolution over the 21st century
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; DOUBLED
CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TECHNICAL NOTE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DATA RECORD;
TEMPERATURE; TRENDS
AB The evolution of stratospheric ozone from 1960 to 2100 is examined in simulations from 14 chemistry-climate models, driven by prescribed levels of halogens and greenhouse gases. There is general agreement among the models that total column ozone reached a minimum around year 2000 at all latitudes, projected to be followed by an increase over the first half of the 21st century. In the second half of the 21st century, ozone is projected to continue increasing, level off, or even decrease depending on the latitude. Separation into partial columns above and below 20 hPa reveals that these latitudinal differences are almost completely caused by differences in the model projections of ozone in the lower stratosphere. At all latitudes, upper stratospheric ozone increases throughout the 21st century and is projected to return to 1960 levels well before the end of the century, although there is a spread among models in the dates that ozone returns to specific historical values. We find decreasing halogens and declining upper atmospheric temperatures, driven by increasing greenhouse gases, contribute almost equally to increases in upper stratospheric ozone. In the tropical lower stratosphere, an increase in upwelling causes a steady decrease in ozone through the 21st century, and total column ozone does not return to 1960 levels in most of the models. In contrast, lower stratospheric and total column ozone in middle and high latitudes increases during the 21st century, returning to 1960 levels well before the end of the century in most models.
C1 [Oman, L. D.; Douglass, A. R.; Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.; Stolarski, R. S.; Ziemke, J. R.] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Austin, J.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] UPMC, LATMOS IPSL, F-75252 Paris, France.
[Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Salawitch, R. J.; Canty, T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.; Tian, W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
[Kinnison, D. E.; Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67010 Laquila, Italy.
[Michou, M.; Olivie, D.; Teyssedre, H.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder 9352, New Zealand.
[Plummer, D. A.; Scinocca, J. F.] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
[Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
[Waugh, D. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Ziemke, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
[Rozanov, E.] ETHZ, IAC, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
RP Oman, LD (reprint author), NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM luke.d.oman@nasa.gov
RI Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Salawitch,
Ross/B-4605-2009; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Douglass,
Anne/D-4655-2012; Oman, Luke/C-2778-2009; Stolarski,
Richard/B-8499-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura,
Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Waugh,
Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring,
Veronika/O-9999-2016;
OI Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X; Dhomse, Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383;
Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Rozanov,
Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Oman, Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Stolarski,
Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149;
Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki,
slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798;
Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring,
Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292;
Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740
FU NASA MAP; ACMAP; Aura programs; NSF; Ministry of the Environment of
Japan [A-071, A-0903]; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; European Commission
FX This research was supported by the NASA MAP, ACMAP, and Aura programs
and the NSF Large-scale Climate Dynamics program. We thank Susan Strahan
for very helpful comments on this manuscript, and we thank three
anonymous reviewers for thoughtful, constructive reviews of the
submitted paper. We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model Validation
(CCMVal) Activity of the WCRP SPARC project for organizing and
coordinating the model data analysis activity and the British
Atmospheric Data Centre for collecting and archiving the CCMVal model
outputs. CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental
Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071 and
A-0903), and simulations were completed with the supercomputer at CGER,
NIES. The MRI simulation was made with the supercomputer at the National
Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. The contribution from the
Met Office Hadley Centre was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra
Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra (GA01101). The contribution from
the LATMOS-IPSL was supported by the European Commission through the
funding of the RECONCILE and GEOMON projects. The National Center for
Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for
Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science
Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in the publication are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
NR 69
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D24306
DI 10.1029/2010JD014362
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 699CR
UT WOS:000285642000006
ER
PT J
AU Stephens, GL
L'Ecuyer, T
Forbes, R
Gettelman, A
Golaz, JC
Bodas-Salcedo, A
Suzuki, K
Gabriel, P
Haynes, J
AF Stephens, Graeme L.
L'Ecuyer, Tristan
Forbes, Richard
Gettelman, Andrew
Golaz, Jean-Christophe
Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro
Suzuki, Kentaroh
Gabriel, Philip
Haynes, John
TI Dreary state of precipitation in global models
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; DIURNAL CYCLE;
PROFILING ALGORITHM; TRMM PRECIPITATION; RAIN; SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY;
EVENTS; RADAR
AB New, definitive measures of precipitation frequency provided by CloudSat are used to assess the realism of global model precipitation. The character of liquid precipitation (defined as a combination of accumulation, frequency, and intensity) over the global oceans is significantly different from the character of liquid precipitation produced by global weather and climate models. Five different models are used in this comparison representing state-of-the-art weather prediction models, state-of-the-art climate models, and the emerging high-resolution global cloud "resolving" models. The differences between observed and modeled precipitation are larger than can be explained by observational retrieval errors or by the inherent sampling differences between observations and models. We show that the time integrated accumulations of precipitation produced by models closely match observations when globally composited. However, these models produce precipitation approximately twice as often as that observed and make rainfall far too lightly. This finding reinforces similar findings from other studies based on surface accumulated rainfall measurements. The implications of this dreary state of model depiction of the real world are discussed.
C1 [Stephens, Graeme L.; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Suzuki, Kentaroh; Gabriel, Philip] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Bodas-Salcedo, Alejandro] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Forbes, Richard] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Gettelman, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Golaz, Jean-Christophe] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Haynes, John] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
RP Stephens, GL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RI Suzuki, Kentaroh/C-3624-2011; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/C-7040-2013; Golaz,
Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; L'Ecuyer, Tristan/E-5607-2012
OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; L'Ecuyer,
Tristan/0000-0002-7584-4836
FU NASA [NAG5-11475]; NOAA [NA17RJ1228 193]; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; MEXT;
JST
FX Aspects of this work have been supported both under NASA grant
NAG5-11475 and NOAA grant NA17RJ1228 193. A. Bodas-Salcedo was supported
by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme-DECC/Defra
(GA01101). NICAM simulations have been performed on the Earth Simulator
with financial supports by MEXT/RR2002 project, MEXT/Innovative Program
of Climate Change Projection for the 21st Century and JST/CREST.
NR 41
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Z9 157
U1 6
U2 43
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D24211
DI 10.1029/2010JD014532
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 699CR
UT WOS:000285642000008
ER
PT J
AU Tomita, H
Kako, S
Cronin, MF
Kubota, M
AF Tomita, Hiroyuki
Kako, Shin'ichiro
Cronin, Meghan F.
Kubota, Masahisa
TI Preconditioning of the wintertime mixed layer at the Kuroshio Extension
Observatory
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; NORTH PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; OCEAN
AB Summertime surface heat flux and upper ocean state in 2004, 2005, and 2006 obtained from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) buoy were investigated, focusing on the summertime preconditioning of the following winter's mixed layer. Summertime net shortwave radiation at the surface shows large year-to-year variations that resulted in anomalous heating in 2005 and anomalous cooling in 2006. Covariation of the surface heat flux and upper ocean stratification was found and suggests that year-to-year variations of summertime heat flux induce corresponding changes in the near surface stratification. Cold core rings, observed in 2006, tend to intensify both the near surface (< 100 m depth) density stratification and the density stratification below the seasonal thermocline (> 100 m depth). Lateral and vertical heat fluxes evaluated from the imbalance between the observed heat storage rate and the net heat flux and entrainment also have a significant role in determination of upper ocean stratification and can intensify year-to-year variation of the mixed layer. The physical mechanism that determines the precondition of the next winter mixed layer can change each year. In 2005, near surface stratification induced by anomalous summertime heating has a dominant role compared to deeper stratification. On the other hand, in 2006, the much deeper stratification below the seasonal thermocline (> 100 m depth) associated with cold core rings contributes to make the maximum vertical density stratification.
C1 [Tomita, Hiroyuki] Japan Agcy Marine & Earth Sci Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
[Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Kako, Shin'ichiro] Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan.
[Kubota, Masahisa] Tokai Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Shizuoka 4248601, Japan.
RP Tomita, H (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine & Earth Sci Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
EM tomitah@jamstec.go.jp
FU JAXA; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
FX This research was partly supported by JAXA. Satellite microwave
radiometer data from all DMSP/SSMIs, TRMM/TMI, and Aqua/AMSR-E are
provided by Remote Sensing Systems. The altimeter products were produced
by SSALTO/DUACS and distributed by AVISO with support from the Centre
National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES).
NR 13
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12053
DI 10.1029/2010JC006373
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 699DA
UT WOS:000285642900008
ER
PT J
AU Loto'aniu, TM
Singer, HJ
Waters, CL
Angelopoulos, V
Mann, IR
Elkington, SR
Bonnell, JW
AF Loto'aniu, T. M.
Singer, H. J.
Waters, C. L.
Angelopoulos, V.
Mann, I. R.
Elkington, S. R.
Bonnell, J. W.
TI Relativistic electron loss due to ultralow frequency waves and enhanced
outward radial diffusion
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; QUASI-LINEAR DIFFUSION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; BELT
ELECTRONS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; RESONANT INTERACTION; MAGNETIC STORMS;
FIELD; ACCELERATION; MAGNETOPAUSE
AB Using the THEMIS and GOES satellites and ground-based magnetometers, the loss of outer zone radiation belt electrons through the magnetopause in response to ultralow frequency (ULF) waves is examined. A 2 orders of magnitude decrease in >2 MeV electron flux observed at geosynchronous orbit, starting at 00 UT on 25 June 2008, is attributed to a rapid (1-4 h) nonadiabatic loss process. ULF waves were observed by the THEMIS-A, -D, and -E probes in the afternoon-to-dusk sector from the magnetopause to geosynchronous altitude. Estimates of the electron resonant energies indicate strong drift resonant interactions occurring between the energetic electrons and the observed waves. The rate of outward radial diffusion was estimated for MeV electrons using the observed ULF wave azimuthal electric field and compressional magnetic field and the diffusion time (similar to 2.5 h) was found to be in good agreement with the observed time for nonadiabatic flux decreases at geosynchronous orbit. The magnetopause was compressed inside of its nominal position because of increased solar wind dynamic pressure. The electron loss is interpreted as a combination of magnetopause shadowing (from the compressed magnetosphere) and enhanced outward diffusion from ULF wave-particle drift resonant interactions. The enhanced day-night asymmetry of the MeV electron drift path from the compression suggests that enhanced losses may have also occurred around local noon as well as in the afternoon-to-dusk sector.
C1 [Loto'aniu, T. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Loto'aniu, T. M.; Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Bonnell, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Elkington, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Mann, I. R.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada.
[Waters, C. L.] Univ Newcastle, Ctr Space Phys, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
[Loto'aniu, T. M.; Singer, H. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Loto'aniu, TM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM paul.lotoaniu@noaa.gov
RI Waters, Colin/B-3086-2011
OI Waters, Colin/0000-0003-2121-6962
FU NOAA GOES-R risk reduction program; NASA [NAS5-02099]; German Ministry
for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR)
[50 OC 0302]; CSA
FX This study was funded by the NOAA GOES-R risk reduction program. Work at
IGPP-UCLA was supported by NASA THEMIS grant NAS5-02099. We thank Terry
Onsager, Janet Green, Juan Rodriguez, Jonathan Rae, Louis Ozeke, and
Josh Rigler for helpful discussions. We also thank Terry Onsager for his
work in preparing the GOES energetic particle data. We thank K. H.
Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data
provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and
with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and
Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under
contract 50 OC 0302. CARSIMA is the magnetometer element of the Canadian
Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) project and funded by the CSA.
NR 64
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A12245
DI 10.1029/2010JA015755
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 699BQ
UT WOS:000285639300008
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, K
Bonnell, J
Glassmeier, KH
Angelopoulos, V
Singer, HJ
Chi, PJ
Denton, RE
Nishimura, Y
Lee, DH
Nose, M
Liu, W
AF Takahashi, Kazue
Bonnell, John
Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz
Angelopoulos, Vassilis
Singer, Howard J.
Chi, Peter J.
Denton, Richard E.
Nishimura, Yukitoshi
Lee, Dong-Hun
Nose, Masahito
Liu, Wenlong
TI Multipoint observation of fast mode waves trapped in the dayside
plasmasphere
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LATITUDE PI2 PULSATIONS; INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD;
GEOMAGNETIC-PULSATIONS; ULF WAVES; MAGNETOSONIC EIGENOSCILLATIONS;
CAVITY RESONANCE; MASS DENSITY; BOW SHOCK; AMPTE-CCE; AXISYMMETRICAL
MAGNETOSPHERE
AB Multipoint observations of a dayside Pc4 pulsation event provide evidence of fast mode waves trapped in the plasmasphere (plasmaspheric cavity mode or virtual resonance). Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)-A, the primary source of data for the present study, was moving outward near noon and detected poloidal oscillations, characterized by the azimuthal electric field component E-y and the radial and compressional magnetic field components B-x and B-z. The structure of the plasmasphere was constructed from the mass density radial profile estimated from the frequency of toroidal standing Alfven waves observed at this spacecraft. The outer edge of the plasmapause (the maximum of the equatorial Alfven velocity V-Aeq) was located at L similar to 7, and the minimum of V-Aeq was located at L similar to 4, forming a potential well structure required for mode trapping. Relative to the ground magnetic pulsations observed in the H component at a low-latitude station (L = 1.5), the E-y component exhibited a broad amplitude maximum around L similar to 3.5 and maintained a nearly constant phase from L = 2 to L = 5. In contrast, the B-z component exhibited an amplitude minimum and switched its phase by 180 degrees at L = 3.8. This radial mode structure is consistent with theoretical models of mode trapping. Also, the E-y and B-z components oscillated +/- 90 degrees out of phase, as is expected for radially standing waves.
C1 [Takahashi, Kazue] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Angelopoulos, Vassilis; Chi, Peter J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Bonnell, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Denton, Richard E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
[Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Lee, Dong-Hun] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
[Liu, Wenlong] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Nishimura, Yukitoshi] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Nose, Masahito] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Data Anal Ctr Geomagnetism & Space Magnetism, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
[Singer, Howard J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Takahashi, K (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
EM kazue.takahashi@jhuapl.edu
RI Liu, Wenlong/G-5585-2013; Nose, Masahito/B-1900-2015
OI Liu, Wenlong/0000-0001-7991-5067; Nose, Masahito/0000-0002-2789-3588
FU NASA [NAS5-02099]; NSF [ATM-0632740, ATM-0750689, ATM 0751007]; German
Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-
und Raumfahrt [50QP0402]; WCU [R31-10016, KRF-2008-313-C00375]
FX This work was supported by NASA contract NAS5-02099 as well as NSF
grants ATM-0632740, ATM-0750689, and ATM 0751007. KHG acknowledges
financial support by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und
Technologie and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt through
grant 50QP0402. DHL was supported by the WCU grant R31-10016 and
KRF-2008-313-C00375. Kakioka Observatory provided ground magnetometer
data.
NR 86
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A12247
DI 10.1029/2010JA015956
PG 20
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 699BQ
UT WOS:000285639300014
ER
PT J
AU Xu, F
Zhang, HY
Ilavsky, J
Stanciu, L
Ho, D
Justice, MJ
Petrache, HI
Xie, JA
AF Xu, Fan
Zhang, Hang Yu
Ilavsky, Jan
Stanciu, Lia
Ho, Derek
Justice, Matthew J.
Petrache, Horia I.
Xie, Jian
TI Investigation of a Catalyst Ink Dispersion Using Both Ultra-Small-Angle
X-ray Scattering and Cryogenic TEM
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELL; PERFLUOROSULFONATED IONOMERS; MEMBRANES; NAFION
AB The dispersion of Nation ionomer particles and Pt/C catalyst aggregates in liquid media was studied using both ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and cryogenic TEM. A systematic approach was taken to study first the dispersion of each component (i.e., ionomer particles and Pt/C aggregates), then the combination of the components, and last the catalyst ink. Multiple-level curve fitting was used to extract the particle size, size distribution, and geometry of the Pt/C aggregates and the Nation particles in liquid media from the scattering data. The results suggest that the particle size, size distribution, and geometry are not uniform throughout the systems but rather vary significantly. It was found that the interaction of each component (i.e., the Nation ionomer particles and the Pt/C aggregates) occurs in the dispersion. Cryogenic TEM was used to observe the size and geometry of the particles in liquid directly and to validate the scattering results. The TEM results showed excellent agreement.
C1 [Xu, Fan; Xie, Jian] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
[Justice, Matthew J.; Petrache, Horia I.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
[Zhang, Hang Yu; Stanciu, Lia] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Stanciu, Lia] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ho, Derek] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Xie, JA (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis IUPUI, Dept Mech Engn, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
EM jianxie@iupui.edu
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; Xu, Fan/L-1114-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900;
NR 18
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 24
BP 19199
EP 19208
DI 10.1021/la1028228
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 693IL
UT WOS:000285217700085
PM 21090580
ER
PT J
AU Christie, MR
Tissot, BN
Albins, MA
Beets, JP
Jia, YL
Ortiz, DM
Thompson, SE
Hixon, MA
AF Christie, Mark R.
Tissot, Brian N.
Albins, Mark A.
Beets, James P.
Jia, Yanli
Ortiz, Delisse M.
Thompson, Stephen E.
Hixon, Mark A.
TI Larval Connectivity in an Effective Network of Marine Protected Areas
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID CORAL-REEF FISH; ZEBRASOMA-FLAVESCENS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; YELLOW TANG;
POPULATIONS; PATTERNS; RETENTION; ACANTHURIDAE; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL
AB Acceptance of marine protected areas (MPAs) as fishery and conservation tools has been hampered by lack of direct evidence that MPAs successfully seed unprotected areas with larvae of targeted species. For the first time, we present direct evidence of large-scale population connectivity within an existing and effective network of MPAs. A new parentage analysis identified four parent-offspring pairs from a large, exploited population of the coral-reef fish Zebrasoma flavescens in Hawai'i, revealing larval dispersal distances ranging from 15 to 184 km. In two cases, successful dispersal was from an MPA to unprotected sites. Given high adult abundances, the documentation of any parent-offspring pairs demonstrates that ecologically-relevant larval connectivity between reefs is substantial. All offspring settled at sites to the north of where they were spawned. Satellite altimetry and oceanographic models from relevant time periods indicated a cyclonic eddy that created prevailing northward currents between sites where parents and offspring were found. These findings empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of MPAs as useful conservation and management tools and further highlight the importance of coupling oceanographic, genetic, and ecological data to predict, validate and quantify larval connectivity among marine populations.
C1 [Christie, Mark R.; Albins, Mark A.; Hixon, Mark A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Tissot, Brian N.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA USA.
[Beets, James P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Marine Sci, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Jia, Yanli] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Ortiz, Delisse M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highly Migratory Species Management Div, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Thompson, Stephen E.] Marine Environm Res, Kailua, HI USA.
RP Christie, MR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM christim@science.oregonstate.edu
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; Langhamer, Olivia/J-3425-2012
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611;
FU Conservation International; Marine Environmental Research; National
Science Foundation [05-50709, 08-51162]; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Association
FX This work was supported by grants from Conservation International (MAH),
Marine Environmental Research (MAH, JPB, and BNT), and Jim and Kayla
Paul (MAH), with supplemental funding from the National Science
Foundation (05-50709, 08-51162) (MAH). YJ was supported by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Association through a grant to the International
Pacific Research Center. The funders had no role in study design, data
collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the
manuscript.
NR 42
TC 86
Z9 86
U1 3
U2 88
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD DEC 21
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 12
AR e15715
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015715
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 698EY
UT WOS:000285576900036
PM 21203576
ER
PT J
AU Griffith, WC
Knappe, S
Kitching, J
AF Griffith, W. Clark
Knappe, Svenja
Kitching, John
TI Femtotesla atomic magnetometry in a microfabricated vapor cell
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
AB We describe an optically pumped Rb-87 magnetometer with 5 fT/Hz(1/2) sensitivity when operated in the spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) regime. The magnetometer uses a microfabricated vapor cell consisting of a cavity etched in a 1 mm thick silicon wafer with anodically bonded Pyrex windows. The measurement volume of the magnetometer is 1 mm(3), defined by the overlap region of a circularly polarized pump laser and a linearly polarized probe laser, both operated near 795 nm. Sensitivity limitations unique to the use of microfabricated cells are discussed. (C)2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Griffith, W. Clark; Knappe, Svenja; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Knappe, Svenja] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Griffith, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Subat Phys Grp P 25, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM wclarkg@gmail.com
OI Kitching, John/0000-0002-4540-1954; Griffith, William
Clark/0000-0002-0260-1956
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; NIST
FX Thanks to Susan Schima for help with vapor cell fabrication, and to Jan
Preusser, Ricardo Jimenez-Martinez, and Rahul Mhaskar for valuable
discussions. This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency and NIST. This work is a partial contribution of NIST,
an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright.
NR 20
TC 36
Z9 39
U1 5
U2 37
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD DEC 20
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 26
BP 27167
EP 27172
DI 10.1364/OE.18.027167
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 698HF
UT WOS:000285584200005
PM 21196993
ER
PT J
AU Trivedi, RP
Lee, T
Bertness, KA
Smalyukh, II
AF Trivedi, Rahul P.
Lee, Taewoo
Bertness, Kris A.
Smalyukh, Ivan I.
TI Three dimensional optical manipulation and structural imaging of soft
materials by use of laser tweezers and multimodal nonlinear microscopy
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; NEMATIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; ANISOTROPIC FLUIDS;
COLLOIDAL INTERACTIONS; POLARIZING MICROSCOPY; TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS; LINE
TENSION; MICROMANIPULATION; ORDER; SPECTROSCOPY
AB We develop an integrated system of holographic optical trapping and multimodal nonlinear microscopy and perform simultaneous three-dimensional optical manipulation and non-invasive structural imaging of composite soft-matter systems. We combine different nonlinear microscopy techniques such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, multi-photon excitation fluorescence and multi-harmonic generation, and use them for visualization of long-range molecular order in soft materials by means of their polarized excitation and detection. The combined system enables us to accomplish manipulation in composite soft materials such as colloidal inclusions in liquid crystals as well as imaging of each separate constituents of the composite material in different nonlinear optical modalities. We also demonstrate optical generation and control of topological defects and simultaneous reconstruction of their three-dimensional long-range molecular orientational patterns from the nonlinear optical images. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Trivedi, Rahul P.; Lee, Taewoo; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Trivedi, Rahul P.; Lee, Taewoo; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Bertness, Kris A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Trivedi, RP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu
RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011
OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966
FU Renewable and Sustainable Energy Initiative; University of Colorado;
International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter; National Science
Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461, DMR-0847782]
FX This work was supported by the Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Initiative, the University of Colorado Innovation Seed Grant Program,
International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, and by the National
Science Foundation (NSF) grants DMR-0820579, DMR-0844115, DMR-0645461,
and DMR-0847782. We acknowledge discussions with Noel Clark, Paul
Ackerman, David Engstrom, Zhiyuan Qi, Bohdan Senyuk, and Mike Varney.
NR 62
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 4
U2 27
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD DEC 20
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 26
BP 27658
EP 27669
DI 10.1364/OE.18.027658
PG 12
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 698HF
UT WOS:000285584200075
PM 21197040
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, R
AF Zhang, Rong
TI Northward intensification of anthropogenically forced changes in the
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MODELS; OCEAN
AB Extensive modeling studies show that changes in the anthropogenic forcing due to increasing greenhouse gases might lead to a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in the 21st century, but the AMOC weakening estimated in most previous modeling studies is in depth space. Using a coupled ocean atmosphere model (GFDL CM2.1), this paper shows that in density space, the anthropogenically forced AMOC changes over the 21st century are intensified at northern high latitudes (nearly twice of those at lower latitudes) due to changes in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation. In contrast, anthropogenically forced AMOC changes are much smaller in depth space at the same northern high latitudes. Hence projecting AMOC changes in depth space would lead to a significant underestimation of AMOC changes associated with changes in the NADW formation. The result suggests that monitoring AMOC changes at northern high latitudes in density space might reveal much larger signals than those at lower latitudes. The simulated AMOC changes in density space under anthropogenic forcing can not be distinguished from that induced by natural AMOC variability for at least the first 20 years of the 21st century, although the signal can be detected over a much longer period. Citation: Zhang, R. (2010), Northward intensification of anthropogenically forced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045054.
C1 NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov
RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014
OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 18
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L24603
DI 10.1029/2010GL045054
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 696SQ
UT WOS:000285462100001
ER
PT J
AU Walsh, AP
Rae, IJ
Fazakerley, AN
Murphy, KR
Mann, IR
Watt, CEJ
Volwerk, M
Forsyth, C
Singer, HJ
Donovan, EF
Zhang, TL
AF Walsh, A. P.
Rae, I. J.
Fazakerley, A. N.
Murphy, K. R.
Mann, I. R.
Watt, C. E. J.
Volwerk, M.
Forsyth, C.
Singer, H. J.
Donovan, E. F.
Zhang, T. L.
TI Comprehensive ground-based and in situ observations of substorm
expansion phase onset
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-STAR; PLASMA SHEET; MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; AURORAL SUBSTORM; IMAGE
SPACECRAFT; PI2 PULSATIONS; CLUSTER; BOUNDARY; ELECTRON; MISSION
AB In this paper, we present comprehensive ground-based and space-based in situ geosynchronous observations of a substorm expansion phase onset on 1 October 2005. The Double Star TC-2 and GOES-12 spacecraft were both located within the substorm current wedge during the substorm expansion phase onset, which occurred over the Canadian sector. We find that an onset of ULF waves in space was observed after onset on the ground by extending the AWESOME timing algorithm into space. Furthermore, a population of low-energy field-aligned electrons was detected by the TC-2 PEACE instrument contemporaneous with the ULF waves in space. These electrons appear to be associated with an enhancement of field-aligned Poynting flux into the ionosphere which is large enough to power visible auroral displays. The observations are most consistent with a near-Earth initiation of substorm expansion phase onset, such as the Near-Geosynchronous Onset (NGO) substorm scenario. A lack of data from further downtail, however, means other mechanisms cannot be ruled out.
C1 [Walsh, A. P.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Forsyth, C.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
[Donovan, E. F.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
[Rae, I. J.; Murphy, K. R.; Mann, I. R.; Watt, C. E. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
[Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Volwerk, M.; Zhang, T. L.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
RP Walsh, AP (reprint author), Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
EM apw@mssl.ucl.ac.uk
RI Watt, Clare/C-5218-2008; Forsyth, Colin/E-4159-2010; Walsh,
Andrew/E-6701-2011; Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013
OI Walsh, Andrew/0000-0002-1682-1212; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155;
Watt, Clare/0000-0003-3193-8993; Forsyth, Colin/0000-0002-0026-8395;
FU UK STFC [PP/E/001173/1]; Royal Astronomical Society; CSA
FX APW, ANF, and CF acknowledge funding from UK STFC grant PP/E/001173/1,
and APW also acknowledges the Royal Astronomical Society for partially
funding this work. IJR, IRM, and CEJW are funded by the CSA. The authors
acknowledge the Double Star and FGM and PEACE instrument teams for
provision of the TC-2 data; CARISMA and CANMOS magnetometer data were
downloaded from the Canadian Space Science Data Portal
(http://www.cssdp.ca). NORSTAR MSP data were provided by the University
of Calgary.
NR 65
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 18
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A00I13
DI 10.1029/2010JA015748
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 696VQ
UT WOS:000285469900005
ER
PT J
AU Riffault, V
Clark, JM
Hansen, JC
Ravishankara, AR
Burkholder, JB
AF Riffault, Veronique
Clark, Jared M.
Hansen, Jaron C.
Ravishankara, A. R.
Burkholder, James B.
TI Temperature-Dependent Rate Coefficients and Theoretical Calculations for
the OH+Cl2O Reaction
SO CHEMPHYSCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric chemistry; chlorine oxides; density functional calculations;
gas-phase reactions; kinetics
ID PLUS CLO REACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; AB-INITIO; OH; PATHWAYS; KINETICS;
ISOMERS; SPECTRA; CL2O
AB Rate coefficients k for the OH+Cl2O reaction are measured as a function of temperature (230-370 K) and pressure by using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and laser-induced fluorescence to monitor their loss under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH. The reaction rate coefficient is found to be independent of pressure, within the precision of our measurements at 30-100 Torr (He) and 100 Torr (N-2). The rate coefficients obtained at 100 Torr (He) showed a negative temperature dependence with a weak non-Arrhenius behavior. A room-temperature rate coefficient of k(1)(297 K)=(7.5 +/- 1.1) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) is obtained, where the quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma and include estimated systematic errors. Theoretical methods are used to examine OH center dot center dot center dot OCl2 and OH center dot center dot center dot ClOCl adduct formation and the potential-energy surfaces leading to the HOCl+ClO (1a) and Cl+HOOCl (1d) products in reaction (1) at the hybrid density functional UMPW1K/6-311++G(2df,p) level of theory. The OH center dot center dot center dot OCl2 and OH center dot center dot center dot ClOCl adducts are found to have binding energies of about 0.2 kcal mol(-1). The reaction is calculated to proceed through weak pre-reactive complexes. Transition-state energies for channels (1a) and (1d) are calculated to be about 1.4 and about 3.3 kcal mol(-1) above the energy of the reactants. The results from the present study are compared with previously reported rate coefficients, and the interpretation of the possible non-Arrhenius behavior is discussed.
C1 [Riffault, Veronique; Ravishankara, A. R.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Riffault, Veronique] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Riffault, Veronique] Ecole Mines, Dept Chim & Environm, F-59508 Douai, France.
[Clark, Jared M.; Hansen, Jaron C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov
RI RIFFAULT, Veronique/A-2921-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013;
Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI RIFFAULT, Veronique/0000-0001-5572-0871;
FU NOAA; NASA
FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's
Atmospheric Composition Research Program. We are grateful to Georges Le
Bras, Philippe Mirabel, and Robert Lesclaux for their friendship and
contributions to atmospheric chemistry over the years.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1439-4235
J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM
JI ChemPhysChem
PD DEC 17
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 18
SI SI
BP 4060
EP 4068
DI 10.1002/cphc.201000420
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 693XG
UT WOS:000285258100028
PM 20960492
ER
PT J
AU Baldwin, ZH
Orr, JW
AF Baldwin, Zachary H.
Orr, James Wilder
TI A New Species of the Snailfish Genus Paraliparis (Scorpaeniformes:
Liparidae) from the Eastern Bering Sea
SO COPEIA
LA English
DT Article
ID TELEOSTEI; PISCES
AB A new species of the liparid genus Paraliparis is described from the eastern Bering Sea. Paraliparis penicillus, new species, described from six specimens, differs from its North Pacific congeners in having the following combination of characters: deep, rounded head; simple teeth; high tooth-row count; triangular opercular flap directed posterodorsally; gill slit located entirely above pectoral fin or reaching to rays 3-4; low lower pectoral-fin-lobe ray count; black peritoneum; pale stomach; absence of prickles on skin. Specimens were collected from depths of 722-1003 m during bottom trawling operations.
C1 [Orr, James Wilder] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Baldwin, Zachary H.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ichthyol, New York, NY 10024 USA.
RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM zbaldwin@amnh.org; James.Orr@noaa.gov
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS
PI MIAMI
PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200
SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA
SN 0045-8511
EI 1938-5110
J9 COPEIA
JI Copeia
PD DEC 17
PY 2010
IS 4
BP 640
EP 643
DI 10.1643/CI-09-228
PG 4
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 700KX
UT WOS:000285738800013
ER
PT J
AU Shen, XY
Wang, Y
Zhang, N
Li, XF
AF Shen, Xinyong
Wang, Yi
Zhang, Nan
Li, Xiaofan
TI Precipitation and cloud statistics in the deep tropical convective
regime
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE RAINFALL PROCESSES; RADIATION INTERACTION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE;
DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; TOGA COARE; PHASE-III;
MICROPHYSICS; MODEL; WATER
AB Precipitation and cloud statistics in the deep tropical convective regime is investigated through the analysis of grid-scale data from a two-dimensional, cloud-resolving model simulation. The model is forced by large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal advection, and sea surface temperature observed and derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment. The analysis is conducted by categorizing the grid-scale data into eight rainfall types based on precipitation processes: Water vapor convergence, local vapor change, and hydrometeor change/convergence. Among the eight rainfall types, the rainfall with local atmospheric drying, water vapor divergence, and hydrometeor loss/convergence has the largest contribution (30.8%) to the total rainfall because of large rainfall coverage (35.3%). The hydrometeor loss is mainly caused by water clouds through precipitation and the evaporation of rain. For the three other rainfall types with water vapor divergence, each rainfall type contributes to the total rainfall by less than 5%. Of the total rainfall, 61% is attributed to the four rainfall types with water vapor convergence. Although the rainfall with local atmospheric drying, water vapor convergence, and hydrometeor loss/convergence shows the largest surface rain rate (27.8 mm h(-1)), it only accounts for a small part (10%) of the total rainfall due to its small rainfall coverage (1.2%). For the three other rainfall types with water vapor convergence, each rainfall type contributes to the total rainfall by 14-19%. The grid-scale precipitation statistics are significantly different from the model domain mean precipitation statistics found by Shen et al. (2010), suggesting a spatial-scale dependence of precipitation statistics.
C1 [Shen, Xinyong; Wang, Yi; Zhang, Nan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM sxydr@126.com
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China
[2009CB421503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40775033];
Chinese Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest
[41075039, GYHY200806009]; Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China
[2009]
FX The authors thank W. -K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his cloud resolving model,
M. Zhang at SUNY, Stony Brook for his TOGA COARE forcing data, and three
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study is
supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of
China under Grant 2009CB421503, the National Natural Science Foundation
of China under Grant 40775033, the Chinese Special Scientific Research
Project for Public Interest under Grants 41075039 and GYHY200806009, and
the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant 2009.
NR 38
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 17
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D24205
DI 10.1029/2010JD014481
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696TB
UT WOS:000285463200006
ER
PT J
AU Wallace, BP
DiMatteo, AD
Hurley, BJ
Finkbeiner, EM
Bolten, AB
Chaloupka, MY
Hutchinson, BJ
Abreu-Grobois, FA
Amorocho, D
Bjorndal, KA
Bourjea, J
Bowen, BW
Duenas, RB
Casale, P
Choudhury, BC
Costa, A
Dutton, PH
Fallabrino, A
Girard, A
Girondot, M
Godfrey, MH
Hamann, M
Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M
Marcovaldi, MA
Mortimer, JA
Musick, JA
Nel, R
Pilcher, NJ
Seminoff, JA
Troeng, S
Witherington, B
Mast, RB
AF Wallace, Bryan P.
DiMatteo, Andrew D.
Hurley, Brendan J.
Finkbeiner, Elena M.
Bolten, Alan B.
Chaloupka, Milani Y.
Hutchinson, Brian J.
Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.
Amorocho, Diego
Bjorndal, Karen A.
Bourjea, Jerome
Bowen, Brian W.
Briseno Duenas, Raquel
Casale, Paolo
Choudhury, B. C.
Costa, Alice
Dutton, Peter H.
Fallabrino, Alejandro
Girard, Alexandre
Girondot, Marc
Godfrey, Matthew H.
Hamann, Mark
Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros
Marcovaldi, Maria Angela
Mortimer, Jeanne A.
Musick, John A.
Nel, Ronel
Pilcher, Nicolas J.
Seminoff, Jeffrey A.
Troeng, Sebastian
Witherington, Blair
Mast, Roderic B.
TI Regional Management Units for Marine Turtles: A Novel Framework for
Prioritizing Conservation and Research across Multiple Scales
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS;
CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GREEN TURTLES;
POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SATELLITE
TRACKING
AB Background: Resolving threats to widely distributed marine megafauna requires definition of the geographic distributions of both the threats as well as the population unit(s) of interest. In turn, because individual threats can operate on varying spatial scales, their impacts can affect different segments of a population of the same species. Therefore, integration of multiple tools and techniques - including site-based monitoring, genetic analyses, mark-recapture studies and telemetry - can facilitate robust definitions of population segments at multiple biological and spatial scales to address different management and research challenges.
Methodology/Principal Findings: To address these issues for marine turtles, we collated all available studies on marine turtle biogeography, including nesting sites, population abundances and trends, population genetics, and satellite telemetry. We georeferenced this information to generate separate layers for nesting sites, genetic stocks, and core distributions of population segments of all marine turtle species. We then spatially integrated this information from fine-to coarse-spatial scales to develop nested envelope models, or Regional Management Units (RMUs), for marine turtles globally.
Conclusions/Significance: The RMU framework is a solution to the challenge of how to organize marine turtles into units of protection above the level of nesting populations, but below the level of species, within regional entities that might be on independent evolutionary trajectories. Among many potential applications, RMUs provide a framework for identifying data gaps, assessing high diversity areas for multiple species and genetic stocks, and evaluating conservation status of marine turtles. Furthermore, RMUs allow for identification of geographic barriers to gene flow, and can provide valuable guidance to marine spatial planning initiatives that integrate spatial distributions of protected species and human activities. In addition, the RMU framework - including maps and supporting metadata - will be an iterative, user-driven tool made publicly available in an online application for comments, improvements, download and analysis.
C1 [Wallace, Bryan P.; DiMatteo, Andrew D.; Hurley, Brendan J.; Finkbeiner, Elena M.; Bolten, Alan B.; Chaloupka, Milani Y.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.; Amorocho, Diego; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bourjea, Jerome; Bowen, Brian W.; Briseno Duenas, Raquel; Casale, Paolo; Choudhury, B. C.; Costa, Alice; Dutton, Peter H.; Fallabrino, Alejandro; Girard, Alexandre; Girondot, Marc; Godfrey, Matthew H.; Hamann, Mark; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros; Marcovaldi, Maria Angela; Mortimer, Jeanne A.; Musick, John A.; Nel, Ronel; Pilcher, Nicolas J.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Troeng, Sebastian; Witherington, Blair; Mast, Roderic B.] IUCN, SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Grp, Burning Issues Working Grp, Arlington, VA USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.; Hurley, Brendan J.; Hutchinson, Brian J.; Troeng, Sebastian; Mast, Roderic B.] Conservat Int, Global Marine Div, Arlington, VA USA.
[Wallace, Bryan P.; Finkbeiner, Elena M.] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA.
[DiMatteo, Andrew D.] Duke Univ, Marine Geospatial Ecol Lab, Durham, NC USA.
[Bolten, Alan B.; Bjorndal, Karen A.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Chaloupka, Milani Y.] Univ Queensland, Ecol Modelling Serv Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Alberto Abreu-Grobois, F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Mazatlan, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
[Amorocho, Diego] Ctr Invest Medio Ambiente & Desarrollo, Cali, Colombia.
[Bourjea, Jerome] IFREMER, Lab Ressources Halieut, Le Port, Reunion.
[Bowen, Brian W.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI USA.
[Briseno Duenas, Raquel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Mazatlan, Banco Informac Tortugas Marinas BITMAR, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
[Casale, Paolo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Biol & Biotechnol Charles Darwin, Rome, Italy.
[Casale, Paolo] World Wildlife Fund Italy, World Wildlife Fund Mediterranean Turtle Programm, Rome, Italy.
[Choudhury, B. C.] Wildlife Inst India, Dept Endangered Species Management, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India.
[Costa, Alice] World Wildlife Fund Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique.
[Fallabrino, Alejandro] Karumbe, Montevideo, Uruguay.
[Girard, Alexandre] Assoc RENATURA, Albens, France.
[Girondot, Marc] Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, Orsay, France.
[Godfrey, Matthew H.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Beaufort, NC USA.
[Hamann, Mark] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros; Marcovaldi, Maria Angela] Fundacao Pro Tamar, Projeto Tamar ICMBio, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
[Lopez-Mendilaharsu, Milagros] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Dept Ecol, BR-20550011 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
[Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Nel, Ronel] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Sch Environm Sci, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
[Pilcher, Nicolas J.] Marine Res Fdn, Sabah, Malaysia.
[Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Marine Turtle Ecol & Assessment Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Troeng, Sebastian] Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Troeng, Sebastian] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Sci Advisory Comm, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Witherington, Blair] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne Beach, FL USA.
RP Wallace, BP (reprint author), IUCN, SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Grp, Burning Issues Working Grp, Arlington, VA USA.
EM b.wallace@conservation.org
RI Abreu Grobois, Alberto/A-3560-2017;
OI Mortimer, Jeanne A./0000-0001-6318-2890; Girondot,
Marc/0000-0001-6645-8530; Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901; CASALE,
PAOLO/0000-0003-2534-6158; Bourjea, Jerome/0000-0001-7149-3648; Hamann,
Mark/0000-0003-4588-7955
FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Offield Family Foundation
FX This study was funded by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and
the Offield Family Foundation. These funders had no role in study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript. MYC is employed by a commercial company
that provides ecological modelling services, and his involvement in this
study was partially supported by this company. However, this support in
no way biased his contributions to all aspects of this study, the
overall process or resulting products generated by this study.
NR 59
TC 129
Z9 140
U1 8
U2 98
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD DEC 17
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 12
AR e15465
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0015465
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 698DS
UT WOS:000285572900021
PM 21253007
ER
PT J
AU Ni, N
Climent-Pascual, E
Jia, S
Huang, Q
Cava, RJ
AF Ni, N.
Climent-Pascual, E.
Jia, S.
Huang, Q.
Cava, R. J.
TI Physical properties and magnetic structure of the layered oxyselenide
La2O3Mn2Se2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID IRON; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTION; BA
AB We report the characterization of the layered rare-earth manganese oxyselenide La2O3Mn2Se2. The susceptibility data show a broad maximum near 350 K, indicating the existence of two-dimensional (2D) short-range ordering in this compound. A sharp feature associated with a short-range to long-range antiferromagnetic phase transition is seen at 163 K. A very small heat-capacity anomaly is detected around 163 K, indicating that most of the magnetic entropy is lost during the 2D ordering process. Both crystal and magnetic structures were studied by neutron powder diffraction at 300, 200, 150, 100, and 6 K. The structure was refined in space group I4/mmm with a=4.13 939(3) angstrom and c=18.8511(2) angstrom at ambient temperature. No structural distortion was detected. The resulted magnetic structure is G-type with a propagation vector of k=(0,0,0) and an ordered magnetic moment of 4.147(28) mu(B)/Mn along c is found at 6 K. Warren peak shape analysis of the neutron-diffraction data near 22 degrees is employed to characterize the increase in correlation length in the 2D magnetic state on approaching the three-dimensional ordering transition.
C1 [Ni, N.; Climent-Pascual, E.; Jia, S.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ni, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RI CLIMENT-PASCUAL, ESTEBAN/B-2608-2012
FU AFOSR MURI
FX The authors would like to thank S. Dutton, M. Bremholm, E. Morosan, J.
Xiong, N. P. Ong, and J. M. Allred for helpful discussions. The work at
Princeton was supported by the AFOSR MURI on superconductivity.
NR 23
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 22
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 21
AR 214419
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.214419
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 713PF
UT WOS:000286749200002
ER
PT J
AU Wang, XJ
Key, JR
Liu, YH
AF Wang, Xuanji
Key, Jeffrey R.
Liu, Yinghui
TI A thermodynamic model for estimating sea and lake ice thickness with
optical satellite data
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; RADIATION PROPERTIES; ARCTIC SURFACE; ENERGY
BUDGET; CLOUD; FLUX; PARAMETERIZATIONS; ALBEDO; COVER; OCEAN
AB Sea ice is a very important indicator and an effective modulator of regional and global climate change. Current remote sensing techniques provide an unprecedented opportunity to monitor the cryosphere routinely with relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this paper, we introduce a thermodynamic model to estimate sea and lake ice thickness with optical (visible, near-infrared, and infrared) satellite data. Comparisons of nighttime ice thickness retrievals to ice thickness measurements from upward looking submarine sonar show that this thermodynamic model is capable of retrieving ice thickness up to 2.8 m. The mean absolute error is 0.18 m for samples with a mean ice thickness of 1.62 m, i.e., an 11% mean absolute error. Comparisons with in situ Canadian stations and moored upward looking sonar measurements show similar results. Sensitivity studies indicate that the largest errors come from uncertainties in surface albedo and downward solar radiation flux estimates from satellite data, followed by uncertainties in snow depth and cloud fractional coverage. Due to the relatively large uncertainties in current satellite retrievals of surface albedo and surface downward shortwave radiation flux, the current model is not recommended for use with daytime data. For nighttime data, the model is capable of resolving regional and seasonal variations in ice thickness and is useful for climatological analysis.
C1 [Wang, Xuanji; Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Wang, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010
OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050
FU NOAA GOES-R AWG project; NPOESS Integrated Program Office
FX We would like to thank Jinlun Zhang at the University of Washington for
providing PIOMAS simulated Arctic sea ice thickness data and Zhenglong
Li at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for helping read out the
mooring sea ice draft data in Matlab data format. Thanks also go to the
National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) for providing submarine ice
draft data, the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) for providing
station-measured Arctic sea ice thickness data, and the Beaufort Gyre
Exploration Program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
(http://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre) for making mooring data available for
us. Finally, we thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments on the earlier versions of the manuscript. This work
was partially supported by the NOAA GOES-R AWG project and the NPOESS
Integrated Program Office. The views, opinions, and findings contained
in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as
an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S.
Government position, policy, or decision.
NR 62
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12035
DI 10.1029/2009JC005857
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 696TY
UT WOS:000285465500001
ER
PT J
AU Decker, SR
Goldberg, RN
Lang, BE
Michener, W
AF Decker, Stephen R.
Goldberg, Robert N.
Lang, Brian E.
Michener, William
TI Thermodynamics of the Hydrolysis Reactions of 1-Naphthyl Acetate,
4-Nitrophenyl Acetate, and 4-Nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS; COMBUSTION; IONIZATION; ENTHALPIES; WATER; HEATS;
NITROPHENOLS; SOLVATION; ENTROPIES; HYDRATION
AB Microcalorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been used to conduct a thermodynamic investigation of the hydrolysis reactions {1-naphthyl acetate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = 1-naphthol(aq) + acetate(aq)}, {4-nitrophenyl acetate(aq) + H(2)O(1) = 4-nitrophenol(aq) + acetate(aq)}, and (4-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside(aq) + H(2)O(1) = L-arabinose(aq) + 4-nitrophenol(aq)}. Calorimetrically determined enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H/(cal) were measured for all three reactions. However, since the positions of equilibrium for all of these reactions were found to lie very far to the right, it was only possible to set lower limits for the values of the apparent equilibrium constants K'. A chemical equilibrium model, together with pKs and standard enthalpies of reaction Delta(r)H degrees for the H(+) binding reactions of the reactants and products, was then used to calculate the values of Delta(r)H degrees for chemical reference reactions that correspond to the overall biochemical reactions that were studied experimentally. The values of Benson estimates of Delta(r)H degrees for the chemical reference reactions that correspond to the first of the above two reactions were, in all cases, within 16 kJ.mol(-1) of the results obtained in this study. Thermochemical network calculations led to Delta(f)H degrees = -286.4 kJ.mol(-1) for 1-napthyl acetate(aq) and Delta(f)H degrees = -364.9 kJ.mol(-1) for 4-nitrophenyl acetate(aq).
C1 [Goldberg, Robert N.; Lang, Brian E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA.
[Decker, Stephen R.; Michener, William] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Goldberg, Robert N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20876 USA.
EM steve.decker@nrel.gov; robert.goldberg@nist.gov; brian.lang@nist.gov;
william.michener@nrel.gov
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 49
BP 16060
EP 16067
DI 10.1021/jp911225s
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 690GO
UT WOS:000284990700003
PM 20361764
ER
PT J
AU Reipa, V
Purdum, G
Choi, J
AF Reipa, Vytas
Purdum, Geoffrey
Choi, Jonghoon
TI Measurement of Nanoparticle Concentration Using Quartz Crystal
Microgravimetry
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOCRYSTAL QUANTUM DOTS; SILICON NANOPARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTOR
NANOCRYSTALS; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT; CDSE; DELIVERY; CELLS; SI
AB Various nanoscale items (e.g., nanoparticles and nanotubes) have been actively investigated due to their unique physicochemical properties. A common issue encountered in such studies is accurate expression of nanoparticle concentration. Given the critical importance of the dose-response relationship, we present the use of quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) to accurately measure nanoparticle concentration in a colloidal suspension. Application of a small drop of the nanoparticle suspension in a volatile solvent to the crystal surface leaves a dry nanoparticle residue after solvent evaporation after which the shift in the crystal resonant frequency is recorded. The instrument was calibrated using a set of serial dilutions of Si and Ag nanopowder in methanol, rhodamine B in methanol, and ferrocenc in cyclohexane. Using QCM, a linear response for nanoparticle concentrations up to 1300 mu g/mL was determined. The developed method was used to determine the concentrations of size-selected, octyl-tenninated Si nanocrystal samples with median diameters in the range 1.1-14.8 nm and also to calculate size-dependent nanocrystal extinction coefficients.
C1 [Reipa, Vytas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Purdum, Geoffrey] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Choi, Jonghoon] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Reipa, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Choi, Jonghoon/A-7693-2011
OI Choi, Jonghoon/0000-0003-3554-7033
FU NIST
FX We thank Dr. Taeho Kim for his assistance with nanoparticle HRTEM
imaging and Dr. Brian Lang for thermogravimetry measurements. This work
was partially supported by the NIST standard reference data program.
NR 29
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 49
BP 16112
EP 16117
DI 10.1021/jp103861m
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 690GO
UT WOS:000284990700009
PM 20961086
ER
PT J
AU Gilson, MK
Irikura, KK
AF Gilson, Michael K.
Irikura, Karl K.
TI Symmetry Numbers for Rigid, Flexible, and Fluxional Molecules: Theory
and Applications
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID BINDING FREE-ENERGIES; NONRIGID MOLECULES; THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS;
INTERNAL-ROTATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; PARTITION-FUNCTION; T4
LYSOZYME; BENZENE; ENTROPY; STATES
AB The use of molecular simulations and ab initio calculations to predict thermodynamic properties of molecules has become routine. Such methods rely upon an accurate representation of the molecular partition function or configurational integral, which in turn often includes a rotational symmetry number. However, the reason for including the symmetry number is unclear to many practitioners, and there is also a need for a general prescription for evaluating the symmetry numbers of flexible molecules, i.e., for molecules with thermally active internal degrees of freedom, such as internal rotors. Surprisingly, we have been unable to find any complete and convincing explanations of these important issues in textbooks or the journal literature. The present paper aims to explain why symmetry numbers are needed and how their values should be determined. Both classical and quantum approaches are provided.
C1 [Gilson, Michael K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Irikura, Karl K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gilson, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM mgilson@ucsd.edu; karl.irikura@nist.gov
RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009
OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761
FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the NIH
[GM061300]
FX M.K.G. thanks Drs. Benjamin Killian, Joslyn Kravitz, and David Mobley
for helpful discussions. The present work was supported in part by Grant
Number GM061300 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences
(NIGMS) of the NIH. The content is solely the responsibility of the
authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the
NIGMS or the National Institutes of Health.
NR 52
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 49
BP 16304
EP 16317
DI 10.1021/jp110434s
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 690GO
UT WOS:000284990700033
PM 21141931
ER
PT J
AU Mountain, RD
AF Mountain, Raymond D.
TI Microstructure and Hydrogen Bonding in Water-Acetonitrile Mixtures
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; LIQUID
ACETONITRILE; POTENTIALS; PHASE; MODEL; CYANOMETHANE; SPECTROSCOPY;
SOLVATION; ALGORITHM
AB The connection of hydrogen bonding between water and acetonitrile in determining the microheterogeneity of the liquid mixture is examined using NPT molecular dynamics simulations. Mixtures for six, rigid, three-site models for acetonitrile and one water model (SPC/E) were simulated to determine the amount of water-acetonitrile hydrogen bonding. Only one of the six acetonitrile models (TraPPE-UA) was able to reproduce both the liquid density and the expermental estimates of hydrogen bonding derived from Raman scattering of the CN stretch band or from NMR quadrupole relaxation measurements. A simple modification of the acetonitrile model parameters for the models that provided poor estimates produced hydrogen-bonding results consistent with experiments for two of the models. Of these, only one of the modified models also accurately determined the density of the mixtures. The self-diffusion coefficient of liquid acetonitrile provided a final winnowing of the modified model and the successful, unmodified model. The unmodified model is provisionally recommended for simulations of water-acetonitrile mixtures.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM raymond.mountain@nist.gov
NR 41
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1520-6106
J9 J PHYS CHEM B
JI J. Phys. Chem. B
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 49
BP 16460
EP 16464
DI 10.1021/jp105272q
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 690GO
UT WOS:000284990700052
PM 21090638
ER
PT J
AU Gergel-Hackett, N
Aguilar, I
Richter, CA
AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine
Aguilar, Izath
Richter, Curt A.
TI Engineering the Electron Transport of Silicon-Based Molecular Electronic
Devices via Molecular Dipoles
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDE-FREE SI; METAL JUNCTIONS; MONOLAYERS; ALKYL; SURFACES; SI(100);
SI(111)
AB We demonstrate that charge transport through a CMOS-compatible molecular electronic device is dominated by one of two different transport regimes depending on the dipole of the molecular monolayer in the junction, doping level of the silicon substrate, and bias applied to the device. The two observed transport regimes are (1) a regime where the transport is limited by the Schottky barrier and the molecular dipole results in silicon band-bending at the junction interface and (2) a tunneling regime where the molecular dipole creates a small local electric field that screens the electrical transport.
C1 [Gergel-Hackett, Nadine; Aguilar, Izath; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), Mary Baldwin Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Staunton, VA 24401 USA.
EM nadinegh@mbc.edu; curtrichter@nist.gov
FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; National Research Council
FX We thank Jim Kushmerick and Mariona Coll Bau for helpful conversations
and Christina Hacker for help with molecular figures. This work was
funded in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. The
research was performed while N.G.H. held a National Research Council
Research Associate Award and I.N.A. was a NSF Summer Undergraduate
Research Fellow at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 49
BP 21708
EP 21714
DI 10.1021/jp106009k
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 690GP
UT WOS:000284990800110
ER
PT J
AU Kelly, B
Whiteley, A
Tallmon, D
AF Kelly, Brendan
Whiteley, Andrew
Tallmon, David
TI The Arctic melting pot
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Kelly, Brendan] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
[Whiteley, Andrew] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
[Tallmon, David] Univ Alaska SE, Fac Biol & Marine Biol, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Kelly, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
EM brendan.kelly@noaa.gov
NR 0
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 12
U2 63
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 468
IS 7326
BP 891
EP 891
DI 10.1038/468891a
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 695BC
UT WOS:000285344600019
PM 21164461
ER
PT J
AU Palsson, GK
Kapaklis, V
Dura, JA
Jacob, J
Jayanetti, S
Rennie, AR
Hjorvarsson, B
AF Palsson, Gunnar K.
Kapaklis, Vassilios
Dura, Joseph A.
Jacob, Julie
Jayanetti, Sumedha
Rennie, Adrian R.
Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin
TI Deuterium-induced volume expansion in Fe0.5V0.5/V superlattices
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPRESSIVE BIAXIAL STRAIN; INDUCED LATTICE EXPANSION; HYDROGEN UPTAKE;
SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MO/V SUPERLATTICES; METALLIC SUPERLATTICES;
PHASE-TRANSITION; VANADIUM; PRESSURE; GROWTH
AB Neutron reflectometry was used to investigate the deuterium uptake in a thin metal superlattice that displays an anisotropic elastic response [Fe0.5V0.5/V (6/21 monolayers)]. We see evidence of the presence of a coexistence region which has never before been seen in vanadium-based superlattices. The loading process is completely reversible from which we conclude that the phases must be coherent, in stark contrast to bulk VDx, where the two-phase region displays hysteresis. The deuterium-induced volume expansion exhibits changes in slope that correlate with the plateau region and the expansion is comparable and even larger than in the bulk. The spectacular cooperation between the elastic fields seems to be found only in one-dimensionally confined structures with biaxial compressive strain states.
C1 [Palsson, Gunnar K.; Kapaklis, Vassilios; Jacob, Julie; Jayanetti, Sumedha; Rennie, Adrian R.; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
[Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Jayanetti, Sumedha] Univ Colombo, Dept Phys, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
RP Palsson, GK (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
RI Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/B-3022-2011; Kapaklis, Vassilios/A-6454-2013;
Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008;
OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X; Kapaklis,
Vassilios/0000-0002-6105-1659
FU Swedish research council (VR); Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW)
FX We are grateful to Charles Majkrzak and Terrence Udovic at NIST, for
valuable discussions and assistance during the neutron experiments. We
are indebted to Klaus Leifer and John Timo Watjen of Uppsala, Department
of Engineering Sciences for the guidance and assistance with the TEM
analysis. The Swedish research council (VR) and Knut and Alice
Wallenberg (KAW) are acknowledged for financial support.
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 24
AR 245424
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.245424
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 715PS
UT WOS:000286897000006
ER
PT J
AU Goldman, N
Satija, I
Nikolic, P
Bermudez, A
Martin-Delgado, MA
Lewenstein, M
Spielman, IB
AF Goldman, N.
Satija, I.
Nikolic, P.
Bermudez, A.
Martin-Delgado, M. A.
Lewenstein, M.
Spielman, I. B.
TI Realistic Time-Reversal Invariant Topological Insulators with Neutral
Atoms
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS
AB We lay out an experiment to realize time-reversal invariant topological insulators in alkali atomic gases. We introduce an original method to synthesize a gauge field in the near field of an atom chip, which effectively mimics the effects of spin-orbit coupling and produces quantum spin-Hall states. We also propose a feasible scheme to engineer sharp boundaries where the hallmark edge states are localized. Our multiband system has a large parameter space exhibiting a variety of quantum phase transitions between topological and normal insulating phases. Because of their remarkable versatility, cold-atom systems are ideally suited to realize topological states of matter and drive the development of topological quantum computing.
C1 [Goldman, N.] Univ Libre Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Satija, I.; Nikolic, P.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Bermudez, A.; Martin-Delgado, M. A.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Teor 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
[Lewenstein, M.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, E-08860 Barcelona, Spain.
[Lewenstein, M.] ICREA Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain.
[Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Univ Libre Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
RI Bermudez, Alejandro/A-1175-2009; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014
OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800
FU ONR [N00014-09-1-1025A, 70NANB7H6138]; NIST; ARO; DARPA OLE; NSF through
the PFC at JQI
FX N. G. thanks the F.R.S-F.N.R.S. I. S. and P. N. are supported by ONR
N00014-09-1-1025A and 70NANB7H6138, Am 001 by NIST. A. B. and M.-A.
M.-D. thank FIS2009-10061, CAM QUITEMAD, FET-7 PICC, GICC-910758, and
FPU. M. L. thanks FIS2008-00784, QOIT, NAMEQUAM, QUAGATUA, and the
Humboldt Foundation. I. B. S. is supported by the ARO with funds from
the DARPA OLE Program, and the NSF through the PFC at JQI.
NR 13
TC 171
Z9 171
U1 5
U2 26
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 25
AR 255302
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.255302
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 713QX
UT WOS:000286753600008
PM 21231599
ER
PT J
AU Reiner, JE
Kishore, RB
Levin, BC
Albanetti, T
Boire, N
Knipe, A
Helmerson, K
Deckman, KH
AF Reiner, Joseph E.
Kishore, Rani B.
Levin, Barbara C.
Albanetti, Thomas
Boire, Nicholas
Knipe, Ashley
Helmerson, Kristian
Deckman, Koren Holland
TI Detection of Heteroplasmic Mitochondrial DNA in Single Mitochondria
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; HUMAN-DISEASE; MTDNA
GENOME; CELL; CHROMOSOME; MANIPULATION; ORGANIZATION; ORGANELLES;
PARTICLES
AB Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome mutations can lead to energy and respiratory-related disorders like myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fiber disease (MERRF), mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke (MELAS) syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). It is not well understood what effect the distribution of mutated mtDNA throughout the mitochondrial matrix has on the development of mitochondrial-based disorders. Insight into this complex sub-cellular heterogeneity may further our understanding of the development of mitochondria-related diseases.
Methodology: This work describes a method for isolating individual mitochondria from single cells and performing molecular analysis on that single mitochondrion's DNA. An optical tweezer extracts a single mitochondrion from a lysed human HL-60 cell. Then a micron-sized femtopipette tip captures the mitochondrion for subsequent analysis. Multiple rounds of conventional DNA amplification and standard sequencing methods enable the detection of a heteroplasmic mixture in the mtDNA from a single mitochondrion.
Significance: Molecular analysis of mtDNA from the individually extracted mitochondrion demonstrates that a heteroplasmy is present in single mitochondria at various ratios consistent with the 50/50 heteroplasmy ratio found in single cells that contain multiple mitochondria.
C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Kishore, Rani B.; Helmerson, Kristian] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Levin, Barbara C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Albanetti, Thomas; Boire, Nicholas; Knipe, Ashley; Deckman, Koren Holland] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Chem, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA.
RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.reiner@nist.gov
RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013;
OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703
NR 38
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 20
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD DEC 16
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 12
AR e14359
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0014359
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 695OI
UT WOS:000285381200009
PM 21179558
ER
PT J
AU Mansfield, E
Kar, A
Quinn, TP
Hooker, SA
AF Mansfield, Elisabeth
Kar, Aparna
Quinn, Timothy P.
Hooker, Stephanie A.
TI Quartz Crystal Microbalances for Microscale Thermogravimetric Analysis
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE MASS SENSORS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; RESONATORS; SYSTEMS;
FIBERS; TEM
AB A new method for analyzing the chemical purity and consistency of microscale samples with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor platform is described. The QCM is used to monitor submicrogram changes in the mass of a deposited thin film as a function of temperature, in a manner similar to that of a conventional thermogravimetric analyzer (PGA). Results correlated well with TGA measurements for a wide range of representative materials, including organic compounds, ionic detergents, oxidizing and inert powders, carbon nanotubes, and various mixtures of these samples. In each case, the sample mass was on the order of a few micrograms, compared to the need for several milligrams for conventional TGA analysis. This work illustrates the effectiveness of this approach for analysis of nanoparticles, thin films, and highly purified specimens on the microgram scale.
C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Kar, Aparna; Quinn, Timothy P.; Hooker, Stephanie A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Hooker, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov
RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012
OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966
NR 27
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 24
BP 9977
EP 9982
DI 10.1021/ac102030z
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 693HS
UT WOS:000285215800003
PM 21080720
ER
PT J
AU Pease, LF
Sorci, M
Guha, S
Tsai, DH
Zachariah, MR
Tarlov, MJ
Belfort, G
AF Pease, Leonard F., III
Sorci, Mirco
Guha, Suvajyoti
Tsai, De-Hao
Zachariah, Michael R.
Tarlov, Michael J.
Belfort, Georges
TI Probing the Nucleus Model for Oligomer Formation during Insulin Amyloid
Fibrillogenesis
SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; FIBRIL FORMATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY;
PROTEIN; DISEASE; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; LINK
AB We find evidence for a direct transition of insulin monomers into amyloid fibrils without measurable concentrations of oligomers or protofibrils, suggesting that fibrillogenesis may occur directly from assembly of denaturing insulin monomers rather than by successive transitions through protofibril nuclei. To support our finding, we obtain size distributions using electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), which provides excellent resolution to clearly distinguish among small oligomers and rapidly generates statistically significant size distributions. The distributions detect an absence of significant peaks between 6 nm and 17 nm as the monomer reacts into fibers exactly the size range observed by others for small-angle-neutron-scattering-measured intermediates and for circular supramolecular structures. They report concentrations in the nanomolar range, whereas our limit of detection remains three-orders-of-magnitude lower (<5 pmol/L). This finding, along with the lack of significant increases in the beta-sheet content of monomers using circular dichroism, suggests monomers do not first structurally rearrange and accumulate in a beta-rich state but react and reorganize at the growing fiber's tip. These results quantitatively inform reaction-based theories of amyloid fiber formation and have implications for neurodegenerative, protein conformation ailments including Alzheimer's disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III; Guha, Suvajyoti; Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Pharmaceut & Pharmaceut Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Pease, Leonard F., III] Univ Utah, Dept Gastroenterol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Sorci, Mirco; Belfort, Georges] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY USA.
[Sorci, Mirco; Belfort, Georges] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Ctr Biotechnol & Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY USA.
[Guha, Suvajyoti; Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Pease, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM pease@eng.utah.edu; belfog@rpi.edu
RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012;
OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Guha, Suvajyoti/0000-0002-7622-2721
FU United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-90ER14114,
DE-FG02-05ER46249]; National Science Foundation-Nanoscale
Interdisciplinary Research Team [CTS-0304055]
FX We acknowledge the support of the United States Department of Energy
(grant Nos. DE-FG02-90ER14114 and DE-FG02-05ER46249) and National
Science Foundation-Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team (grant No.
CTS-0304055) for funding.
NR 37
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 11
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0006-3495
J9 BIOPHYS J
JI Biophys. J.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 99
IS 12
BP 3979
EP 3985
DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.10.010
PG 7
WC Biophysics
SC Biophysics
GA 696JY
UT WOS:000285438900021
PM 21156140
ER
PT J
AU Navia, AF
Cortes, E
Mejia-Falla, PA
AF Navia, Andres F.
Cortes, Enric
Mejia-Falla, Paola A.
TI Topological analysis of the ecological importance of elasmobranch
fishes: A food web study on the Gulf of Tortugas, Colombia
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Sharks; Skates; Rays; Food webs; Key species; Mesopredators
ID SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF;
SABLE-ISLAND; NETWORKS; SHARKS; CONNECTANCE; POPULATION; COMMUNITY;
PREDATOR
AB We built a trophic network based on a matrix of interspecific trophic relationships to assess the role of elasmobranch fishes in shaping community structure of the Gulf of Tortugas in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. We analyzed diet similarities to define trophic components (nodes) - rather than taxonomical groups - in the network. We evaluated the ecological function of species or trophic entities through topological analysis of their structural importance in trophic networks by applying one local and several mesoscale network indices. We found that top predatory elasmobranchs play an important ecological role in top-down control and in propagating indirect effects through the system owing to high values of the node degree, centrality and topological importance indices. However, invertebrates and teleost fishes had higher connectivity and topological importance than other elasmobranchs in the network before and after removal of top predators from the system. Results from our study thus suggest that elasmobranchs at intermediate trophic levels - commonly referred to as "mesopredators" - are not so important in all complex coastal ecosystems as previously reported. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Cortes, Enric] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
[Navia, Andres F.; Mejia-Falla, Paola A.] SQUALUS, Fdn Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones & Ray, Cali, Colombia.
[Navia, Andres F.; Mejia-Falla, Paola A.] Univ Valle, Grp Invest Ecol Anim, Dept Biol, Cali 25360, Colombia.
[Navia, Andres F.] Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Programa Doctorado Ciencias Marinas, AP 592, La Paz, Bcs, Mexico.
RP Cortes, E (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
EM enric.cortes@noaa.gov
FU Universidad del Valle; COLCIENCIAS; CICIMAR; CONACYT
FX We thank F. Jordan for making the FLKS 1.1 software package available
for our analysis and for advice in conducting this study. AFN and PAM
thank the Universidad del Valle and COLCIENCIAS, and AFN thanks the
CICIMAR and CONACYT for providing funding for this study and their PhD
degrees.
NR 59
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 6
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 221
IS 24
BP 2918
EP 2926
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel2010.09.006
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 683AO
UT WOS:000284444300007
ER
PT J
AU Schaum, J
Cohen, M
Perry, S
Artz, R
Draxler, R
Frithsen, JB
Heist, D
Lorber, M
Phillips, L
AF Schaum, John
Cohen, Mark
Perry, Steven
Artz, Richard
Draxler, Roland
Frithsen, Jeffrey B.
Heist, David
Lorber, Matthew
Phillips, Linda
TI Screening Level Assessment of Risks Due to Dioxin Emissions from Burning
Oil from the BP Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico Spill
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUSTRIAL SOURCE APPLICATIONS; DISPERSION MODEL; DEPOSITION; AERMOD
AB Between April 28 and July 19 of 2010, the U.S. Coast Guard conducted in situ oil burns as one approach used for the management of oil spilled after the explosion and subsequent sinking of the BP Deepwater Horizon platform in the Gulf of Mexico. The purpose of this paper is to describe a screening level assessment of the exposures and risks posed by the dioxin emissions from these fires. Using upper estimates for the oil burn emission factor, modeled air and fish concentrations, and conservative exposure assumptions, the potential cancer risk was estimated for three scenarios: inhalation exposure to workers, inhalation exposure to residents on the mainland, and fish ingestion exposures to residents. U.S. EPA's AERMOD model was used to estimate air concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the oil burns and NOAA's HYSPLIT model was used to estimate more distant air concentrations and deposition rates. The lifetime incremental cancer risks were estimated as 6 x 10(-8) for inhalation by workers, 6 x 10(-12) for inhalation by onshore residents, and 6 x 10(-8) for fish consumption by residents. For all scenarios, the risk estimates represent upper bounds and actual risks would be expected to be less.
C1 [Schaum, John; Frithsen, Jeffrey B.; Lorber, Matthew; Phillips, Linda] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
[Perry, Steven; Heist, David] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Cohen, Mark; Artz, Richard; Draxler, Roland] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Schaum, J (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
EM schaum.john@epa.gov
RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015
OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558
NR 30
TC 37
Z9 39
U1 3
U2 60
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 24
BP 9383
EP 9389
DI 10.1021/es103559w
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 694AK
UT WOS:000285266900024
PM 21073188
ER
PT J
AU Lee, SS
Feingold, G
AF Lee, Seoung-Soo
Feingold, Graham
TI Precipitating cloud-system response to aerosol perturbations
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PART I; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATIONS; STORMS;
IMPACT; MODEL
AB We simulate aerosol effects on a Tropical Western Pacific mixed-phase convective cloud system of two-day duration that is well constrained by observations. This facilitates exploration of aerosol-induced changes in precipitation pathways. A 10-fold increase in aerosol produces a small (9%) increase in the simulated precipitation due to an enhancement in convective rain countering a reduction in stratiform rain. A more distinct feature is that in stratiform clouds, precipitation efficiency PE and scavenging efficiency SE decrease significantly with increasing aerosol. There is very close agreement between PE and SE both temporally and for stratiform vs. convective rain. The time required for the perturbed system to relax back to the unperturbed aerosol state is similar to 10 days, with only weak sensitivity to the magnitude of the aerosol perturbation and the modeled increase (or decrease) in precipitation. The upper tropospheric relaxation time is substantially longer, with implications for direct forcing and heterogeneous chemistry. Citation: Lee, S.-S., and G. Feingold (2010), Precipitating cloud-system response to aerosol perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23806, doi:10.1029/2010GL045596.
C1 [Lee, Seoung-Soo; Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lee, Seoung-Soo] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM graham.feingold@noaa.gov
RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NOAA
FX The authors thank NOAA's Climate Goal Program for supporting this work
and the HPCC for computing support.
NR 21
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L23806
DI 10.1029/2010GL045596
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 696SN
UT WOS:000285461800002
ER
PT J
AU Martin, J
Tritt, T
Uher, C
AF Martin, J.
Tritt, T.
Uher, C.
TI High temperature Seebeck coefficient metrology
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Review
ID THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; ABSOLUTE SCALE; THERMOPOWER
MEASUREMENTS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH FIGURE; AC METHOD; RESISTIVITY
MEASUREMENTS; RAPID MEASUREMENT; GASEOUS HELIUM; MERIT
AB We present an overview of the challenges and practices of thermoelectric metrology on bulk materials at high temperature (300 to 1300 K). The Seebeck coefficient, when combined with thermal and electrical conductivity, is an essential property measurement for evaluating the potential performance of novel thermoelectric materials. However, there is some question as to which measurement technique (s) provides the most accurate determination of the Seebeck coefficient at high temperature. This has led to the implementation of nonideal practices that have further complicated the confirmation of reported high ZT materials. To ensure meaningful interlaboratory comparison of data, thermoelectric measurements must be reliable, accurate, and consistent. This article will summarize and compare the relevant measurement techniques and apparatus designs required to effectively manage uncertainty, while also providing a reference resource of previous advances in high temperature thermoelectric metrology. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3503505]
C1 [Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Uher, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Martin, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joshua.martin@nist.gov
FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-SC00000957]; DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; SC EPSCoR cost sharing
program
FX J. M. would like to thank Keith Martin and Stacy Bruss in the NIST
Library for their assistance in obtaining early reference material. The
work of C. U. is supported as part of the Center for Solar and Thermal
Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.
S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No.
DE-SC00000957. The work at Clemson University is supported by DOE/EPSCoR
Implementation Grant (No. DE-FG02-04ER-46139) and the SC EPSCoR cost
sharing program.
NR 123
TC 72
Z9 72
U1 5
U2 65
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 108
IS 12
AR 121101
DI 10.1063/1.3503505
PG 12
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 700UC
UT WOS:000285768800001
ER
PT J
AU Tyson, TA
Wu, T
Woicik, JC
Ravel, B
Ignatov, A
Zhang, CL
Qin, Z
Zhou, T
Cheong, SW
AF Tyson, T. A.
Wu, T.
Woicik, J. C.
Ravel, B.
Ignatov, A.
Zhang, C. L.
Qin, Z.
Zhou, T.
Cheong, S. -W.
TI Temperature-dependent local structure of LaFeAsO1-xFx: Probing the
atomic correlations
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAO1-XFXFEAS; SYSTEMS
AB The local structure of the parent and doped LaFeAsO1-xFx (pnictide) compounds were studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional methods. In the doped system, the Fe-As and Fe-Fe correlations are both well modeled by an Einstein model. For the Fe-As bonds, the Einstein temperatures are identical for the doped (11%) and undoped samples but the doped sample is found to have a lower level of static disorder. Doping is found to increases the effective Einstein temperature of Fe-Fe atomic correlation. The results suggest that the onset of superconductivity in the F doped system may be related to enhanced magnetic interactions. Density functional calculations of the total charge density reveal strong bonding between neighboring As ions but metal-like behavior in the Fe layers. It is also seen directly that the replacement of oxygen by fluorine modifies the electron charge density mainly on the Fe sites. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3525999]
C1 [Tyson, T. A.; Wu, T.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, T.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Tyson, T. A.; Ignatov, A.; Zhang, C. L.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, T.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Tyson, T. A.; Ignatov, A.; Zhang, C. L.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, T.; Cheong, S. -W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Woicik, J. C.; Ravel, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Tyson, TA (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
EM tyson@adm.njit.edu
FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46402, DE-FG02-07ER46382]; U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work is supported by DOE under Grants Nos. DE-FG02-07ER46402 (NJIT)
and DE-FG02-07ER46382 (Rutgers University). Data acquisition was
performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light
Source (NSLS) which is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 28
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 108
IS 12
AR 123715
DI 10.1063/1.3525999
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 700UC
UT WOS:000285768800061
ER
PT J
AU Downes, SM
Bindoff, NL
Rintoul, SR
AF Downes, Stephanie M.
Bindoff, Nathaniel L.
Rintoul, Stephen R.
TI Changes in the Subduction of Southern Ocean Water Masses at the End of
the Twenty-First Century in Eight IPCC Models
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUB-ANTARCTIC MODE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; AIR-SEA FLUXES; INDIAN-OCEAN;
ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; INTERMEDIATE WATERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN;
HEMISPHERE; TEMPERATURE
AB A multimodel comparison method is used to assess the sensitivity of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) formation to climate change. For the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 emissions scenario (where atmospheric CO2 is 860 ppm at 2100), the models show cooling and freshening on density surfaces less than about 27.4 kg m(-3), a pattern that has been observed in the late twentieth century. SAMW (defined by the low potential vorticity layer) and AAIW (defined by the salinity minimum layer) warm and freshen as they shift to lighter density classes. Heat and freshwater fluxes at the ocean surface dominate the projected buoyancy gain at outcrop regions of SAMW and AAIW, whereas the net increase in the Ekman flux of heat and freshwater contributes to a lesser extent. This buoyancy gain, combined with shoaling of the winter mixed layer, reduces the volume of SAMW subducted into the ocean interior by a mean of 8 Sv (12%), and the subduction of AAIW decreases by a mean of 14 Sv (23%; 1 Sv equivalent to 106 10(6) m(3) s(-1)). Decreases in the projected subduction of the key Southern Ocean upper-water masses imply a slow down in the Southern Ocean circulation in the future, driven by surface warming and freshening. A reduction in the subduction of intermediate waters implies a likely future decrease in the capacity of the Southern Ocean to sequester CO2.
C1 [Downes, Stephanie M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Downes, Stephanie M.; Bindoff, Nathaniel L.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Downes, Stephanie M.; Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Rintoul, Stephen R.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Hobart, Tas, Australia.
[Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Rintoul, Stephen R.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia.
[Bindoff, Nathaniel L.; Rintoul, Stephen R.] Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
RP Downes, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM sdownes@princeton.edu
RI Rintoul, Stephen /A-1471-2012; Downes, Stephanie/A-1424-2012; Bindoff,
Nathaniel/C-8050-2011
OI Rintoul, Stephen /0000-0002-7055-9876; Bindoff,
Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519
FU Australian Government through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC;
CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship; Australian Climate
Change Science Program
FX This work is supported by the Australian Government's Cooperative
Research Centres program through the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems
CRC, by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship and the
Australian Climate Change Science Program. We greatly appreciate the
discussions on the theory of neutrals surfaces with Trevor McDougall and
David Jackett and would like to express our thanks to Glenn Hyland,
Martin Dix, and Joseph Majkut for their assistance with data access. We
acknowledge the modeling groups for providing their data for analysis,
the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for
collecting and archiving the model output, and the JSC/CLIVAR Working
Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for organizing the model data analysis
activity. The multimodel data archive is supported by the Office of
Science, U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 54
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC 15
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 24
BP 6526
EP 6541
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3620.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 710YS
UT WOS:000286553500005
ER
PT J
AU Kim, RS
Cho, KS
Moon, YJ
Dryer, M
Lee, J
Yi, Y
Kim, KH
Wang, H
Park, YD
Kim, YH
AF Kim, R. -S.
Cho, K. -S.
Moon, Y. -J.
Dryer, M.
Lee, J.
Yi, Y.
Kim, K. -H.
Wang, H.
Park, Y. -D.
Kim, Yong Ha
TI An empirical model for prediction of geomagnetic storms using initially
observed CME parameters at the Sun
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; EARTHWARD
DIRECTION; HALO CMES; GEOEFFECTIVENESS; FIELD
AB In this study, we discuss the general behaviors of geomagnetic storm strength associated with observed parameters of coronal mass ejection (CME) such as speed (V) and earthward direction (D) of CMEs as well as the longitude (L) and magnetic field orientation (M) of overlaying potential fields of the CME source region, and we develop an empirical model to predict geomagnetic storm occurrence with its strength (gauged by the Dst index) in terms of these CME parameters. For this we select 66 halo or partial halo CMEs associated with M-class and X-class solar flares, which have clearly identifiable source regions, from 1997 to 2003. After examining how each of these CME parameters correlates with the geoeffectiveness of the CMEs, we find several properties as follows: (1) Parameter D best correlates with storm strength Dst; (2) the majority of geoeffective CMEs have been originated from solar longitude 15 W, and CMEs originated away from this longitude tend to produce weaker storms; (3) correlations between Dst and the CME parameters improve if CMEs are separated into two groups depending on whether their magnetic fields are oriented southward or northward in their source regions. Based on these observations, we present two empirical expressions for Dst in terms of L, V, and D for two groups of CMEs, respectively. This is a new attempt to predict not only the occurrence of geomagnetic storms, but also the storm strength (Dst) solely based on the CME parameters.
C1 [Kim, R. -S.; Yi, Y.; Kim, Yong Ha] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305754, KR, South Korea.
[Kim, R. -S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Cho, K. -S.; Park, Y. -D.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Solar & Space Weather Res Grp, Taejon 305348, KR, South Korea.
[Moon, Y. -J.; Kim, K. -H.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, KR, South Korea.
[Dryer, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Lee, J.; Wang, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
RP Kim, RS (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305754, KR, South Korea.
EM rskim@cnu.ac.kr
RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Kim , Khan-Hyuk/E-2361-2013
FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-612-C00014, KRF-2005-202-C00158,
KRF-2008-314-C00158, 20090071744]; KASI; Korean Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology [R31-10016]; NASA [NAG5-12527, NAS5-01072,
NNX08-8AQ90G]; NSF [AST-0908344, ANT-083995, ATM-0839216]
FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation grant funded by
the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-612-C00014,
KRF-2005-202-C00158) and by the "Development of Korean Space Weather
Center," the project of KASI, and the KASI basic research fund. Y.J.M.
has been supported by the WCU grant (R31-10016) funded by the Korean
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and by the Korea Research
Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research
Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-314-C00158, 20090071744). M.D. was supported
by NASA's Living With a Star prograrm via grant NAG5-12527 to
Exploration Physics International, Inc. M.D. also thanks NOAA's Space
Weather Prediction Center for their hospitality during his emeritus
status. J.L. was supported NSF grants AST-0908344 and ANT-083995 and
NASA grant NAS5-01072. H.W. was supported by NASA grant NNX08-8AQ90G and
NSF grant ATM-0839216. The CME catalog used here is generated and
maintained by NASA and the Catholic University of America in cooperation
with the Naval Research Laboratory. The Dst index is provided by the
World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University.
NR 42
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 14
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A12108
DI 10.1029/2010JA015322
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 696VG
UT WOS:000285468900003
ER
PT J
AU Han, JN
AF Han, Jianing
TI Detecting electric-field-tuned atom-atom level mixing in a cold Rb-85
Rydberg gas by two-unequal-frequency photons
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
AB We use two-unequal-frequency microwave photons as sensitive probes to study the nsns to the np(n + m - 1)p Rydberg pair state transition in a cold Rb-85 gas, where n and m are integers. The principal quantum number n dependence of the energy differences between ns(n + 1)s and np(3/2)np(3/2) as well as ns(n + 2)s and np(1/2)(n + 1)p(1/2) has been measured and the results are consistent with the calculated values. Additionally, we demonstrate that the pair state Stark shift is the sum of the Stark shifts of both isolated Rydberg atoms. Finally, we tune the dipole-dipole mixing probability by applying an electric field to tune the energy difference between the dipole-dipole coupled states, ns(n + 2)s and np(1/2)(n + 1)p(1/2). The results reported here are essential steps towards electric-field-controlled chemical reactions [1], quantum gates, molecular autoionization and few-body correlations.
C1 [Han, Jianing] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
RP Han, JN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hjn1013@hotmail.com
FU Air Force of Scientific Research
FX The author would like to thank Tom Gallagher for his guidance and
expertise throughout the course of this work. It is a pleasure to thank
H Maeda for very useful discussions in the early stage of this work. The
author thanks X Zhang and R Brown for proofreading the manuscript. This
project was supported by the Air Force of Scientific Research.
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD DEC 14
PY 2010
VL 43
IS 23
AR 235205
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/23/235205
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 683FS
UT WOS:000284458100017
ER
PT J
AU Seager, R
Vecchi, GA
AF Seager, Richard
Vecchi, Gabriel A.
TI Greenhouse warming and the 21st century hydroclimate of southwestern
North America
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; decadal variability; hydrological cycle; southwest
drying; drought
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION FEEDBACKS;
EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; ATLANTIC
AB Climate models robustly predict that the climate of southwestern North America, defined as the area from the western Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean and from the Oregon border to southern Mexico, will dry throughout the current century as a consequence of rising greenhouse gases. This regional drying is part of a general drying of the subtropics and poleward expansion of the subtropical dry zones. Through an analysis of 15 coupled climate models it is shown here that the drying is driven by a reduction of winter season precipitation associated with increased moisture divergence by the mean flow and reduced moisture convergence by transient eddies. Due to the presence of large amplitude decadal variations of presumed natural origin, observations to date cannot confirm that this transition to a drier climate is already underway, but it is anticipated that the anthropogenic drying will reach the amplitude of natural decadal variability by midcentury. In addition to this drop in total precipitation, warming is already causing a decline in mountain snow mass and an advance in the timing of spring snow melt disrupting the natural water storage systems that are part of the region's water supply system. Uncertainties in how radiative forcing will impact the tropical Pacific climate system create uncertainties in the amplitude of drying in southwest North America with a La Nina-like response creating a worst case scenario of greater drying.
C1 [Seager, Richard] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Paisades, NY 10025 USA.
[Vecchi, Gabriel A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Seager, R (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Paisades, NY 10025 USA.
EM seager@ldeo.columbia.edu
RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008
OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320912];
National Science Foundation [ATM08-04107]; Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory
FX We thank Yochanan Kushnir, Jennifer Nakamura, and Naomi Naik for
invaluable assistance. This work was supported by National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Grant NA08OAR4320912, National Science
Foundation Grant ATM08-04107, and Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
contribution number 7347.
NR 41
TC 190
Z9 190
U1 7
U2 79
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD DEC 14
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 50
BP 21277
EP 21282
DI 10.1073/pnas.0910856107
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 697NY
UT WOS:000285521500013
PM 21149692
ER
PT J
AU Froyd, KD
Murphy, SM
Murphy, DM
de Gouw, JA
Eddingsaas, NC
Wennberg, PO
AF Froyd, K. D.
Murphy, S. M.
Murphy, D. M.
de Gouw, J. A.
Eddingsaas, N. C.
Wennberg, P. O.
TI Contribution of isoprene-derived organosulfates to free tropospheric
aerosol mass
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE acid-catalyzed particle phase reactions; epoxides; free troposphere;
secondary organic aerosol
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AEROSOL;
PHOTOOXIDATION; SPECTROMETRY; CHEMISTRY; PRODUCTS; ACID
AB Recent laboratory studies have demonstrated that isoprene oxidation products can partition to atmospheric aerosols by reacting with condensed phase sulfuric acid, forming low-volatility organosulfate compounds. We have identified organosulfate compounds in free tropospheric aerosols by single particle mass spectrometry during several airborne field campaigns. One of these organosulfates is identified as the sulfate ester of IEPOX, a second generation oxidation product of isoprene. The patterns of IEPOX sulfate ester in ambient data generally followed the aerosol acidity and NOx dependence established by laboratory studies. Detection of the IEPOX sulfate ester was most sensitive using reduced ionization laser power, when it was observed in up to 80% of particles in the tropical free troposphere. Based on laboratory mass calibrations, IEPOX added > 0.4% to tropospheric aerosol mass in the remote tropics and up to 20% in regions downwind of isoprene sources. In the southeastern United States, when acidic aerosol was exposed to fresh isoprene emissions, accumulation of IEPOX increased aerosol mass by up to 3%. The IEPOX sulfate ester is therefore one of the most abundant single organic compounds measured in atmospheric aerosol. Our data show that acidity-dependent IEPOX uptake is a mechanism by which anthropogenic SO2 and marine dimethyl sulfide emissions generate secondary biogenic aerosol mass throughout the troposphere.
C1 [Froyd, K. D.; Murphy, S. M.; Murphy, D. M.; de Gouw, J. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Froyd, K. D.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Eddingsaas, N. C.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Div Geophys & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM Karl.Froyd@noaa.gov
RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd,
Karl/H-6607-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
FU NOAA; NASA; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in
Environmental Chemistry
FX We are grateful to Jerome Brioude for FLEXPART analysis of isoprene
emissions, to Ann Middlebrook for AMS data from the ITCT/NEAQS 2004
campaign and PALMS data from the 1999 Atlanta Supersite, and to Jason
Surratt for valuable input. This work was supported by NOAA base
funding, NOAA climate change programs, NASA Earth Science Program Office
for aircraft deployments, and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral
Program in Environmental Chemistry. S.M. Murphy acknowledges a National
Research Council Research Associateship.
NR 39
TC 83
Z9 85
U1 11
U2 113
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD DEC 14
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 50
BP 21360
EP 21365
DI 10.1073/pnas.1012561107
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 697NY
UT WOS:000285521500028
PM 21098310
ER
PT J
AU Rumaiz, AK
Woicik, JC
Carini, GA
Siddons, DP
Cockayne, E
Huey, E
Lysaght, PS
Fischer, DA
Genova, V
AF Rumaiz, Abdul K.
Woicik, J. C.
Carini, G. A.
Siddons, D. P.
Cockayne, E.
Huey, E.
Lysaght, P. S.
Fischer, D. A.
Genova, V.
TI Band alignment of atomic layer deposited HfO2 on clean and N passivated
germanium surfaces
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID OXIDATION; INTERFACES; DETECTOR; PLASMA; GE
AB Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the band alignment between atomic layer deposited HfO2 on clean Ge (100) and nitrogen treated Ge (100) surfaces. The position of the valence-band maximum was determined by convolving theoretically calculated density of states from first-principles calculations and comparing with experimental valence-band data. Using Kraut's method, the valence-band offsets were found to be 3.2 +/- 0.1 and 3.3 +/- 0.1 eV for the samples grown on clean and N passivated Ge, respectively. The oxide charge measured from capacitance-voltage measurements shows a significant increase between the two samples; however, the small change in the band offset between the two systems strongly indicates negligible contribution of the interface to the conduction/valence-band barrier and the band alignment of the heterojunctions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3524262]
C1 [Rumaiz, Abdul K.; Carini, G. A.; Siddons, D. P.; Huey, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Woicik, J. C.; Cockayne, E.; Fischer, D. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Lysaght, P. S.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA.
[Genova, V.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Nanoscale Sci & Technol Facil, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Rumaiz, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM rumaiz@bnl.gov
RI Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765]
FX The authors would like to thank Mark Hybertsen, CFN, Brookhaven National
Laboratory for discussions. The use of the National Synchrotron Light
Source and Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
DE-AC02-98CH10886. Part of the work was performed at the Cornell
NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology
Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science
Foundation (Grant No. ECS-0335765). Additional support was provided by
the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 14
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD DEC 13
PY 2010
VL 97
IS 24
AR 242108
DI 10.1063/1.3524262
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 696ZX
UT WOS:000285481000033
ER
PT J
AU Mitchell, JL
Vallis, GK
AF Mitchell, Jonathan L.
Vallis, Geoffrey K.
TI The transition to superrotation in terrestrial atmospheres
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL SUPERROTATION; MERIDIONAL
CIRCULATION; ROTATING-FLUID; JUPITER; DYNAMICS; CONVECTION; PLANETS;
SATURN; JETS
AB We show that by changing a single nondimensional number, the thermal Rossby number, global atmospheric simulations with only axisymmetric forcing pass from an Earth-like atmosphere to a superrotating atmosphere that more resembles the atmospheres of Venus or Titan. The transition to superrotation occurs under conditions in which equatorward propagating Rossby waves generated by baroclinic instability at intermediate and high latitudes are suppressed, which will occur when the deformation radius exceeds the planetary radius. At large thermal Rossby numbers following an initial, nearly axisymmetric phase, a global baroclinic wave of zonal wave number one generated by mixed barotropic-baroclinic instability dominates the eddy flux of zonal momentum. The global wave converges eastward zonal momentum to the equator and deposits westward momentum at intermediate latitudes during spin-up and before superrotation emerges, and the baroclinic instability ceases once superrotation is established. A global barotropic mode of zonal wave number one generated by a mix of high- and low-latitude barotropic instability is responsible for maintaining superrotation in the statistically steady state. At intermediate thermal Rossby numbers, momentum flux by the global baroclinic mode is subdominant relative to smaller baroclinic modes, and thus strong superrotation does not develop.
C1 [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Mitchell, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, 595 Charles Young Dr E,Box 951567, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM jonmitch@ucla.edu
NR 32
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9097
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets
PD DEC 11
PY 2010
VL 115
AR E12008
DI 10.1029/2010JE003587
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 693YI
UT WOS:000285260900001
ER
PT J
AU Fratini, E
Faraone, A
Todea, AM
Baglioni, P
AF Fratini, Emiliano
Faraone, Antonio
Todea, Ana Maria
Baglioni, Piero
TI Hydrated {Mo72Fe30} clusters: Low-frequency hydrogen modes and
self-aggregation
SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Polyoxomolibdate; Water dynamics; QENS; INS; SAXS; Nanocapsules
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-PARTICLE DYNAMICS;
AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER; SPECTROMETER; MOLECULES; NIST
AB Using incoherent quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, we have investigated the hydrogen relaxational dynamics and hydrogen vibrational modes in the polyoxomolybdate specie [Mo72Fe30O252-(CH3COO)(12)[Mo2O7(H2O)](2)[H2Mo2O8(H2O)](H2O)(91)]center dot approximate to 150 H2O. The translational dynamics of the water molecules in the compound is profoundly different from that of bulk water at the same temperature showing a non-Debye relaxation behavior. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time can be described in terms of an Arrhenius law, indicating that the dynamics is triggered by the breaking of the bonds connecting the crystal water molecules with the hydrophilic nanocapsule surfaces. Inelastic neutron scattering spectra confirm the attenuation of water translational modes with respect to the bulk water case due to the strong destructuring effect imposed by the nanocage interface and the enhancement of the highest frequency librational mode as already found in hydrated Vycor or Gelsil matrix. Small angle X-ray scattering on freshly prepared aqueous solution evidences the presence of nanocapsule structures proper of the monomer (2.6 nm in diameter) that coexist with a small amount of oligomers. After 1 month the polyoxomolibdate specie self-assembles in a supramolecular structure with a polydisperse distribution of dimensions spanning from the monomer to the "blackberry" vesicular structure already reported in literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Fratini, Emiliano; Baglioni, Piero] Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
[Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Todea, Ana Maria] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Chem, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
RP Baglioni, P (reprint author), Univ Florence, CSGI, I-50019 Florence, Italy.
EM baglioni@csgi.unifi.it
RI Baglioni, Piero/B-1208-2011; Fratini, Emiliano/C-9983-2010
OI Baglioni, Piero/0000-0003-1312-8700; Fratini,
Emiliano/0000-0001-7104-6530
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Consorzio Interuniversitario
per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI); Ministero
dell'Istruzione, Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR)
FX The authors are grateful to Prof. A. Muller for stimulating comments on
the subject. The authors wish also to thank Dr. T. Jenkins and Dr. J.
Copley for assistance during the QENS measurements, Dr. Y. Liu and Dr.
T. Udovic for assistance during the experiment on FANS and Dr. P.
Luciani for assistance during the SAXS experiment. This work utilized
facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Agreement DMR-0454672. E. F. and P. B. also acknowledge financial
support from the Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei
Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI) and the Ministero dell'Istruzione,
Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (MIUR-prin 2008).
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0020-1693
J9 INORG CHIM ACTA
JI Inorg. Chim. Acta
PD DEC 10
PY 2010
VL 363
IS 15
BP 4234
EP 4239
DI 10.1016/j.ica.2010.07.021
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 685KD
UT WOS:000284626700014
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JL
Bleck, R
MacDonald, AE
AF Lee, Jin-Luen
Bleck, Rainer
MacDonald, Alexander E.
TI A multistep flux-corrected transport scheme
SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Multistep flux-corrected transport; The third-order Adams-Bashforth;
Finite volume model; Icosahedral grid
ID SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; POSITIVE-DEFINITE; INTEGRATION; ALGORITHM
AB A multistep flux-corrected transport (MFCT) scheme is developed to achieve conservative and monotonic tracer transports for multistep dynamical cores. MFCT extends Zalesak two-time level scheme to any multistep time-differencing schemes by including multiple high-order fluxes in the antidiffusive flux, while computing the two-time level low-order monotone solution. The multistep time-differencing scheme used in this study is the third-order Adams-Bashforth (AB3) scheme implemented in a finite-volume icosahedral shallow-water model. The accuracy of AB3 MFCT is quantified by the shape-preserving advection experiments in non-divergent flow, as well as a cosine bell whose shape changes during advection in shear flow. AB3 MFCT has been shown to be insensitive to time step size. This make AB3 MFCT an attractive transport scheme for explicit high resolution model applications with small time step. MFCT is tested in shallow-water model simulations to demonstrate that the use of MFCT maintains positive-definite tracer transport, while at the same time conserving both fluid mass and tracer mass within round-off errors in the AB3 dynamic core. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Lee, Jin-Luen] Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Bleck, Rainer] Univ Colorado, CERES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Lee, JL (reprint author), Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM jin.lee@noaa.gov
RI Bleck, Rainer/C-6417-2015; Lee, JIN-LUEN/G-5364-2015
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0021-9991
EI 1090-2716
J9 J COMPUT PHYS
JI J. Comput. Phys.
PD DEC 10
PY 2010
VL 229
IS 24
BP 9284
EP 9298
DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.08.039
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical
SC Computer Science; Physics
GA 676HN
UT WOS:000283901700018
ER
PT J
AU Rausch, J
Heidinger, A
Bennartz, R
AF Rausch, John
Heidinger, Andrew
Bennartz, Ralf
TI Regional assessment of microphysical properties of marine boundary layer
cloud using the PATMOS-x dataset
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLAR-RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; EFFECTIVE PARTICLE RADIUS; LIQUID WATER
PATH; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; AEROSOL; DRIZZLE;
PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE
AB Cloud droplet number concentration and geometrical thickness of marine boundary layer clouds are inferred from 25 years of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) Level 2b retrievals of optical thickness and cloud droplet effective radius over the period 1982 through 2009. A novel approach to addressing nonphysical values of cloud droplet number concentration N owing to satellite orbital drift is applied by normalizing estimated droplet number concentrations with respect to local observation time. Cloud geometrical thickness H is also normalized to a common reference time by scaling H against diurnal values from a passive microwave liquid water path climatology. The effectiveness of the methods applied to correct N and H are evaluated. Both quantities are spatially and temporally characterized in several subtropical subsidence regions for likely drizzle-free observations. Estimated liquid water path from PATMOS-x is further validated against 20 years of liquid water path values from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Good agreement between SSM/I and PATMOS-x is found in coastal regions. Cloud droplet number concentrations in excess of 300 cm(-3) are found along the western boundaries of the American and African continents, with greatly lower values found further out to sea with no observed long-term trends in cloud properties.
C1 [Rausch, John; Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Rausch, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM rausch2@wisc.edu
RI Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010
OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X
FU NASA [NNX08AF92G]
FX This project was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AF92G issued to R.
B. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those
of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position,
policy, or decision. The authors wish to thank Rob Wood and two
anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that led to improvements
in the manuscript.
NR 47
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 10
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D23212
DI 10.1029/2010JD014468
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693XE
UT WOS:000285257900003
ER
PT J
AU Edwards, M
Benton, B
Heward, J
Clark, CW
AF Edwards, Mark
Benton, Brandon
Heward, Jeffrey
Clark, Charles W.
TI Momentum-space engineering of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOM INTERFEROMETRY; OUTPUT COUPLER; OPTICS; MOLECULES; GAS
AB We show how the momentum distribution of gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates can be shaped by applying a sequence of standing-wave laser pulses. We present a theory, whose validity was demonstrated in an earlier experiment [L. Deng et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5407 (1999)], of the effect of a two-pulse sequence on the condensate wavefunction in momentum space. We generalize the previous result to the case of N pulses of arbitrary intensity separated by arbitrary intervals and show how these parameters can be engineered to produce a desired final momentum distribution. We find that several momentum distributions, important in atom-interferometry applications, can be engineered with high fidelity with two or three pulses.
C1 [Edwards, Mark; Benton, Brandon; Heward, Jeffrey] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
[Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009;
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402
FU US National Science Foundation [PHY-0758111]; Physics Frontiers Center
[PHY-0822671]; National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with L. Deng, E. W. Hagley, I.
Spielman, A. Cassidy, G. Campbell, and W. D. Phillips. This work was
supported in part by the US National Science Foundation grant
PHY-0758111, the Physics Frontiers Center grant PHY-0822671, and the
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NR 24
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD DEC 10
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 6
AR 063613
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.063613
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 713JR
UT WOS:000286734800011
ER
PT J
AU Kim, MG
Kreyssig, A
Thaler, A
Pratt, DK
Tian, W
Zarestky, JL
Green, MA
Bud'ko, SL
Canfield, PC
McQueeney, RJ
Goldman, AI
AF Kim, M. G.
Kreyssig, A.
Thaler, A.
Pratt, D. K.
Tian, W.
Zarestky, J. L.
Green, M. A.
Bud'ko, S. L.
Canfield, P. C.
McQueeney, R. J.
Goldman, A. I.
TI Antiferromagnetic ordering in the absence of structural distortion in
Ba(Fe1-xMnx)(2)As-2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
AB Neutron and x-ray diffraction studies of Ba(Fe1-xMnx)(2)As-2 for low doping concentrations (x <= 0.176) reveal that at a critical concentration, 0.102 < x < 0.118, the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transition abruptly disappears whereas magnetic ordering with a propagation vector of (1/2 1/2 1 ) persists. Among all of the iron arsenides this observation is unique to Mn doping, and unexpected because all models for "stripelike" antiferromagnetic order anticipate an attendant orthorhombic distortion due to magnetoelastic effects. We discuss these observations and their consequences in terms of previous studies of Ba(Fe1-xTMx)(2)As-2 compounds (TM = transition metal ), and models for magnetic ordering in the iron arsenide compounds.
C1 [Kim, M. G.; Kreyssig, A.; Thaler, A.; Pratt, D. K.; Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Kim, M. G.; Kreyssig, A.; Thaler, A.; Pratt, D. K.; Tian, W.; Zarestky, J. L.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; McQueeney, R. J.; Goldman, A. I.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Kim, MG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RI Kim, Min Gyu/B-8637-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Canfield,
Paul/H-2698-2014; Thaler, Alexander/J-5741-2014; McQueeney,
Robert/A-2864-2016
OI Kim, Min Gyu/0000-0001-7676-454X; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Thaler,
Alexander/0000-0001-5066-8904; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602
FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-07CH11358, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
(U.S. DOE)
FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with J. Schmalian and R. M.
Fernandes. This work was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences
and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by
Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The work at
the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), was
sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE). ORNL is operated
by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DOE under Contract No.
DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 29
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD DEC 10
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 22
AR 220503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.220503
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 713SU
UT WOS:000286758500001
ER
PT J
AU Hoffmann, M
Hilton-Taylor, C
Angulo, A
Bohm, M
Brooks, TM
Butchart, SHM
Carpenter, KE
Chanson, J
Collen, B
Cox, NA
Darwall, WRT
Dulvy, NK
Harrison, LR
Katariya, V
Pollock, CM
Quader, S
Richman, NI
Rodrigues, ASL
Tognelli, MF
Vie, JC
Aguiar, JM
Allen, DJ
Allen, GR
Amori, G
Ananjeva, NB
Andreone, F
Andrew, P
Ortiz, ALA
Baillie, JEM
Baldi, R
Bell, BD
Biju, SD
Bird, JP
Black-Decima, P
Blanc, JJ
Bolanos, F
Bolivar, W
Burfield, IJ
Burton, JA
Capper, DR
Castro, F
Catullo, G
Cavanagh, RD
Channing, A
Chao, NL
Chenery, AM
Chiozza, F
Clausnitzer, V
Collar, NJ
Collett, LC
Collette, BB
Fernandez, CFC
Craig, MT
Crosby, MJ
Cumberlidge, N
Cuttelod, A
Derocher, AE
Diesmos, AC
Donaldson, JS
Duckworth, JW
Dutson, G
Dutta, SK
Emslie, RH
Farjon, A
Fowler, S
Freyhof, J
Garshelis, DL
Gerlach, J
Gower, DJ
Grant, TD
Hammerson, GA
Harris, RB
Heaney, LR
Hedges, SB
Hero, JM
Hughes, B
Hussain, SA
Icochea, J
Inger, RF
Ishii, N
Iskandar, DT
Jenkins, RKB
Kaneko, Y
Kottelat, M
Kovacs, KM
Kuzmin, SL
La Marca, E
Lamoreux, JF
Lau, MWN
Lavilla, EO
Leus, K
Lewison, RL
Lichtenstein, G
Livingstone, SR
Lukoschek, V
Mallon, DP
McGowan, PJK
McIvor, A
Moehlman, PD
Molur, S
Alonso, AM
Musick, JA
Nowell, K
Nussbaum, RA
Olech, W
Orlov, NL
Papenfuss, TJ
Parra-Olea, G
Perrin, WF
Polidoro, BA
Pourkazemi, M
Racey, PA
Ragle, JS
Ram, M
Rathbun, G
Reynolds, RP
Rhodin, AGJ
Richards, SJ
Rodriguez, LO
Ron, SR
Rondinini, C
Rylands, AB
de Mitcheson, YS
Sanciangco, JC
Sanders, KL
Santos-Barrera, G
Schipper, J
Self-Sullivan, C
Shi, YC
Shoemaker, A
Short, FT
Sillero-Zubiri, C
Silvano, DL
Smith, KG
Smith, AT
Snoeks, J
Stattersfield, AJ
Symes, AJ
Taber, AB
Talukdar, BK
Temple, HJ
Timmins, R
Tobias, JA
Tsytsulina, K
Tweddle, D
Ubeda, C
Valenti, SV
van Dijk, PP
Veiga, LM
Veloso, A
Wege, DC
Wilkinson, M
Williamson, EA
Xie, F
Young, BE
Akcakaya, HR
Bennun, L
Blackburn, TM
Boitani, L
Dublin, HT
da Fonseca, GAB
Gascon, C
Lacher, TE
Mace, GM
Mainka, SA
McNeely, JA
Mittermeier, RA
Reid, GM
Rodriguez, JP
Rosenberg, AA
Samways, MJ
Smart, J
Stein, BA
Stuart, SN
AF Hoffmann, Michael
Hilton-Taylor, Craig
Angulo, Ariadne
Boehm, Monika
Brooks, Thomas M.
Butchart, Stuart H. M.
Carpenter, Kent E.
Chanson, Janice
Collen, Ben
Cox, Neil A.
Darwall, William R. T.
Dulvy, Nicholas K.
Harrison, Lucy R.
Katariya, Vineet
Pollock, Caroline M.
Quader, Suhel
Richman, Nadia I.
Rodrigues, Ana S. L.
Tognelli, Marcelo F.
Vie, Jean-Christophe
Aguiar, John M.
Allen, David J.
Allen, Gerald R.
Amori, Giovanni
Ananjeva, Natalia B.
Andreone, Franco
Andrew, Paul
Aquino Ortiz, Aida Luz
Baillie, Jonathan E. M.
Baldi, Ricardo
Bell, Ben D.
Biju, S. D.
Bird, Jeremy P.
Black-Decima, Patricia
Blanc, J. Julian
Bolanos, Federico
Bolivar-G, Wilmar
Burfield, Ian J.
Burton, James A.
Capper, David R.
Castro, Fernando
Catullo, Gianluca
Cavanagh, Rachel D.
Channing, Alan
Chao, Ning Labbish
Chenery, Anna M.
Chiozza, Federica
Clausnitzer, Viola
Collar, Nigel J.
Collett, Leah C.
Collette, Bruce B.
Fernandez, Claudia F. Cortez
Craig, Matthew T.
Crosby, Michael J.
Cumberlidge, Neil
Cuttelod, Annabelle
Derocher, Andrew E.
Diesmos, Arvin C.
Donaldson, John S.
Duckworth, J. W.
Dutson, Guy
Dutta, S. K.
Emslie, Richard H.
Farjon, Aljos
Fowler, Sarah
Freyhof, Joerg
Garshelis, David L.
Gerlach, Justin
Gower, David J.
Grant, Tandora D.
Hammerson, Geoffrey A.
Harris, Richard B.
Heaney, Lawrence R.
Hedges, S. Blair
Hero, Jean-Marc
Hughes, Baz
Hussain, Syed Ainul
Icochea M, Javier
Inger, Robert F.
Ishii, Nobuo
Iskandar, Djoko T.
Jenkins, Richard K. B.
Kaneko, Yoshio
Kottelat, Maurice
Kovacs, Kit M.
Kuzmin, Sergius L.
La Marca, Enrique
Lamoreux, John F.
Lau, Michael W. N.
Lavilla, Esteban O.
Leus, Kristin
Lewison, Rebecca L.
Lichtenstein, Gabriela
Livingstone, Suzanne R.
Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi
Mallon, David P.
McGowan, Philip J. K.
McIvor, Anna
Moehlman, Patricia D.
Molur, Sanjay
Munoz Alonso, Antonio
Musick, John A.
Nowell, Kristin
Nussbaum, Ronald A.
Olech, Wanda
Orlov, Nikolay L.
Papenfuss, Theodore J.
Parra-Olea, Gabriela
Perrin, William F.
Polidoro, Beth A.
Pourkazemi, Mohammad
Racey, Paul A.
Ragle, James S.
Ram, Mala
Rathbun, Galen
Reynolds, Robert P.
Rhodin, Anders G. J.
Richards, Stephen J.
Rodriguez, Lily O.
Ron, Santiago R.
Rondinini, Carlo
Rylands, Anthony B.
de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy
Sanciangco, Jonnell C.
Sanders, Kate L.
Santos-Barrera, Georgina
Schipper, Jan
Self-Sullivan, Caryn
Shi, Yichuan
Shoemaker, Alan
Short, Frederick T.
Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio
Silvano, Debora L.
Smith, Kevin G.
Smith, Andrew T.
Snoeks, Jos
Stattersfield, Alison J.
Symes, Andrew J.
Taber, Andrew B.
Talukdar, Bibhab K.
Temple, Helen J.
Timmins, Rob
Tobias, Joseph A.
Tsytsulina, Katerina
Tweddle, Denis
Ubeda, Carmen
Valenti, Sarah V.
van Dijk, Peter Paul
Veiga, Liza M.
Veloso, Alberto
Wege, David C.
Wilkinson, Mark
Williamson, Elizabeth A.
Xie, Feng
Young, Bruce E.
Akcakaya, H. Resit
Bennun, Leon
Blackburn, Tim M.
Boitani, Luigi
Dublin, Holly T.
da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.
Gascon, Claude
Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.
Mace, Georgina M.
Mainka, Susan A.
McNeely, Jeffery A.
Mittermeier, Russell A.
Reid, Gordon McGregor
Paul Rodriguez, Jon
Rosenberg, Andrew A.
Samways, Michael J.
Smart, Jane
Stein, Bruce A.
Stuart, Simon N.
TI The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World's Vertebrates
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EXTINCTIONS; DECLINES; BENEFITS;
FUTURE; INDEX
AB Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
C1 [Hoffmann, Michael; Stuart, Simon N.] United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
[Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.] Conservat Int, IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA 22202 USA.
[Hilton-Taylor, Craig; Darwall, William R. T.; Katariya, Vineet; Pollock, Caroline M.; Allen, David J.; Collett, Leah C.; Cuttelod, Annabelle; Shi, Yichuan; Smith, Kevin G.] IUCN, Species Programme, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
[Angulo, Ariadne] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 1X1, Canada.
[Angulo, Ariadne; Carpenter, Kent E.; Chanson, Janice; Cox, Neil A.; Tognelli, Marcelo F.; Vie, Jean-Christophe; Lamoreux, John F.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Ragle, James S.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] IUCN, Species Programme, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
[Boehm, Monika; Collen, Ben; Richman, Nadia I.; Ram, Mala; Blackburn, Tim M.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England.
[Brooks, Thomas M.; Young, Bruce E.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22209 USA.
[Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Philippines Los Banos, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
[Brooks, Thomas M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
[Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Burfield, Ian J.; Collar, Nigel J.; Crosby, Michael J.; Stattersfield, Alison J.; Symes, Andrew J.; Wege, David C.; Bennun, Leon] BirdLife Int, Cambridge CB3 0NA, England.
[Carpenter, Kent E.; Polidoro, Beth A.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Chanson, Janice] IUCN CI Biodivers Assessment Unit, Cheltenham, Vic 3192, Australia.
[Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Shark Specialist Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Quader, Suhel] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Biol Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India.
[Rodrigues, Ana S. L.] CNRS, UMR5175, Ctr Ecol Fonct & Evolut, F-34293 Montpellier, France.
[Tognelli, Marcelo F.] IADIZA CONICET, CCT Mendoza, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
[Aguiar, John M.; Lacher, Thomas E., Jr.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Allen, Gerald R.] Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6986, Australia.
[Amori, Giovanni] CNR, Inst Ecosyst Studies, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Ananjeva, Natalia B.; Orlov, Nikolay L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.
[Andreone, Franco] Museo Reg Sci Nat, I-10123 Turin, Italy.
[Andrew, Paul] Taronga Conservat Soc Australia, Taronga Zoo, Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia.
[Baillie, Jonathan E. M.] Zool Soc London, London NW1 4RY, England.
[Baldi, Ricardo] Ctr Nacl Pagagon CONICET, Unidad Invest Ecol Terrestre, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
[Baldi, Ricardo] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Patagonian & Andean Steppe Program, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
[Bell, Ben D.] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Biodivers & Restorat Ecol, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
[Biju, S. D.] Univ Delhi, Sch Environm Studies, Systemat Lab, Delhi 110007, India.
[Bird, Jeremy P.] Pacific Inst Sustainable Dev, Ctr Biodivers & Biosecur Studies, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
[Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Fac Ciencias Nat, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina.
[Black-Decima, Patricia] Univ Nacl Tucuman, Inst Miguel Lillo, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina.
[Bolanos, Federico] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica.
[Bolivar-G, Wilmar] Univ Valle, Fac Ciencias Nat & Exactas, Dept Biol, Secc Zool, Cali, Colombia.
[Burton, James A.] Earthwatch Inst, Oxford OX2 7DE, England.
[Burton, James A.] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Castro, Fernando] Univ Valle, Lab Herpetol, Cali, Colombia.
[Catullo, Gianluca] WWF Italy Specis Off, I-00198 Rome, Italy.
[Cavanagh, Rachel D.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Channing, Alan] Univ Western Cape, Biodivers & Conservat Biol Dept, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa.
[Chao, Ning Labbish] Bioamazonia Conservat Int, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA.
[Chao, Ning Labbish] Univ Fed Amazonas, Depto Ciencias Pesqueiras, BR-60700 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
[Chao, Ning Labbish] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung, Taiwan.
[Chiozza, Federica; Rondinini, Carlo; Boitani, Luigi] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anim & Human Biol, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Clausnitzer, Viola] Senckenberg Museum Nat Hist Goerlitz, D-02806 Goerlitz, Germany.
[Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Craig, Matthew T.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA.
[Cumberlidge, Neil] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol, Marquette, MI 49855 USA.
[Derocher, Andrew E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
[Diesmos, Arvin C.] Natl Museum Philippines, Div Zool, Herpetol Sect, Manila 1000, Philippines.
[Donaldson, John S.] S African Natl Biodivers Inst, KRC, ZA-7735 Claremont, South Africa.
[Dutson, Guy] Birds Australia, Carlton, Vic 3053, Australia.
[Dutta, S. K.] N Orissa Univ, Mayurbhanj 757003, Orissa, India.
[Emslie, Richard H.] IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Grp, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa.
[Farjon, Aljos] Royal Bot Gardens, Herbarium Lib Art & Arch, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England.
[Fowler, Sarah; Valenti, Sarah V.] NatureBur, Newbury RG14 5SJ, Berks, England.
[Freyhof, Joerg] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany.
[Garshelis, David L.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA.
[Gerlach, Justin] Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB1 7BX, England.
[Gower, David J.; Wilkinson, Mark] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England.
[Grant, Tandora D.] San Diego Zoo Inst Conservat Res, Escondido, CA 92027 USA.
[Hammerson, Geoffrey A.] NatureServe, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA.
[Harris, Richard B.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Heaney, Lawrence R.; Inger, Robert F.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
[Hedges, S. Blair] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Hero, Jean-Marc] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Futures Ctr, Griffith, Qld 4222, Australia.
[Hughes, Baz] Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge GL2 7BT, Glos, England.
[Hussain, Syed Ainul] Wildlife Inst India, Dehra Dun 248001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
[Ishii, Nobuo] Tokyo Womans Christian Univ, Sch Arts & Sci, Suginami Ku, Tokyo 1678585, Japan.
[Iskandar, Djoko T.] Inst Teknol Bandung, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
[Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Univ Kent, Sch Anthropol & Conservat, Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol, Canterbury CT2 7NR, Kent, England.
[Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales.
[Jenkins, Richard K. B.] Madagasikara Voakajy, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
[Kaneko, Yoshio] Iwate Prefectural Univ, Takizawa, Iwate 0200193, Japan.
[Kottelat, Maurice] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Raffles Museum Biodivers Res, Singapore 117546, Singapore.
[Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway.
[Kuzmin, Sergius L.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Evolut, Moscow 119071, Russia.
[La Marca, Enrique] Univ Los Andes, Escuela Geog, Lab Biogeog, Merida 5101, Venezuela.
[Lamoreux, John F.] IUCN Species Programme, Randolph, NH 03593 USA.
[Lau, Michael W. N.] Kadoorie Farm & Bot Garden, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Lavilla, Esteban O.] Fdn Miguel Lillo CONICET, Inst Herpetol, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina.
[Leus, Kristin] European Reg Off, Conservat Breeding Specialist Grp, B-2170 Merksem, Belgium.
[Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
[Lichtenstein, Gabriela] Inst Nacl Antropol & Pensamiento Latinoamer, RA-1426 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Mallon, David P.] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England.
[McGowan, Philip J. K.] Newcastle Univ, Biol Field Stn, World Pheasant Assoc, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE15 0HT, Tyne & Wear, England.
[Moehlman, Patricia D.] Wildlife Trust Alliance, Arusha, Tanzania.
[Molur, Sanjay] Zoo Outreach Org, Coimbatore 641004, Tamil Nadu, India.
[Munoz Alonso, Antonio] Colegio Frontera Sur, San Cristobal Las Casas 29290, Chiapas, Mexico.
[Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Nowell, Kristin] CAT, Cape Neddick, ME 03902 USA.
[Nussbaum, Ronald A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Div Reptiles & Amphibians, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Olech, Wanda] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, PL-02786 Warsaw, Poland.
[Papenfuss, Theodore J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Parra-Olea, Gabriela] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Perrin, William F.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Pourkazemi, Mohammad] Int Sturgeon Res Inst, Rasht, Iran.
[Racey, Paul A.] Univ Exeter Cornwall, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England.
[Rathbun, Galen] Calif Acad Sci San Francisco, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, Cambria, CA 93428 USA.
[Reynolds, Robert P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, USGS, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
[Rhodin, Anders G. J.] Chelonian Res Fdn, Lunenburg, MA 01462 USA.
[Richards, Stephen J.] S Australian Museum, Herpetol Dept, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
[Richards, Stephen J.] Conservat Int, Rapid Assessment Program, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia.
[Rodriguez, Lily O.] German Tech Cooperat GmbH, Lima 27, Peru.
[Ron, Santiago R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, Quito, Ecuador.
[de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy] Soc Conservat Reef Fish Aggregat, San Diego, CA 92126 USA.
[Sanders, Kate L.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
[Santos-Barrera, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Schipper, Jan] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Big Isl Invas Species Comm, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
[Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Sirenian Int, Fredericksburg, VA 22401 USA.
[Self-Sullivan, Caryn] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA.
[Shoemaker, Alan] IUCN SSC Tapir Specialist Grp, Columbia, SC 29210 USA.
[Short, Frederick T.] Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio] Univ Oxford, Recanati Kaplan Ctr, Dept Zool, Wildlife Conservat Res Unit, Tubney OX13 5QL, England.
[Silvano, Debora L.] Univ Catolica Brasilia, Zool Lab, BR-71966700 Taguatinga, DF, Brazil.
[Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Snoeks, Jos] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
[Snoeks, Jos] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Div & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium.
[Taber, Andrew B.] Jalan CIFOR, Ctr Int Forestry Res, Situ Gede 16115, Bogor Barat, Indonesia.
[Talukdar, Bibhab K.] Aaranyak & Int Rhino Fdn, Gauhati 781028, Assam, India.
[Temple, Helen J.] Biodivers Consultancy Ltd, Cambridge CB2 9LJ, England.
[Tobias, Joseph A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Edward Grey Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.
[Tsytsulina, Katerina] Natl Inst Biol Resources, Vertebrate Res Div, Inchon 404708, South Korea.
[Tweddle, Denis] S African Inst Aquat Biodivers, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa.
[Ubeda, Carmen] Univ Nacl Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
[Veiga, Liza M.] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, BR-66017970 Belem, Para, Brazil.
[Veiga, Liza M.] Fed Univ Para, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil.
[Veloso, Alberto] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias, Dept Ciencias Ecol, Santiago, Chile.
[Williamson, Elizabeth A.] Univ Stirling, Dept Psychol, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
[Xie, Feng] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
[Akcakaya, H. Resit] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Dublin, Holly T.] IUCN ESARO, African Elephant Specialist Grp, IUCN SSC, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
[Dublin, Holly T.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA.
[da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Global Environm Facil, Washington, DC 20433 USA.
[da Fonseca, Gustavo A. B.] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
[Mace, Georgina M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
[Mainka, Susan A.; McNeely, Jeffery A.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Smart, Jane] IUCN, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.
[Reid, Gordon McGregor] N England Zool Soc, Chester Zoo, Chester CH2 1LH, Cheshire, England.
[Paul Rodriguez, Jon] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
[Samways, Michael J.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Conservat Ecol & Entomol, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa.
[Stein, Bruce A.] Natl Wildlife Federat, Washington, DC 20004 USA.
[Stuart, Simon N.] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
[Stuart, Simon N.] Al Ain Wildlife Pk & Resort, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
RP Hoffmann, M (reprint author), United Nations Environm Programme World Conservat, IUCN SSC Species Survival Commiss, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, England.
EM mike.hoffmann@iucn.org
RI Self-Sullivan, Caryn/H-2605-2012; Derocher, Andrew/J-4469-2012;
Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/C-6126-2013; Silvano, Debora/H-4235-2012;
Blackburn, Tim/A-7685-2011; Wilkinson, Mark/J-2026-2014; Hu, Lile
/E-7961-2015; Williamson, Liz/E-4727-2016; Collen, Ben/F-2543-2016;
Mace, Georgina/I-3072-2016; Schipper, Jan/N-5266-2015; ANDREONE,
FRANCO/H-4942-2012; Rodrigues, Ana/A-5914-2009; Rodriguez, Jon
Paul/A-1491-2009; Akcakaya, H. Resit/A-7830-2008; Collen,
Ben/D-5055-2011; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011; Rondinini,
Carlo/E-9027-2011; Donaldson, John/F-6833-2011; Veiga, Liza/C-6667-2009;
Harrison, Lucy/F-9494-2011; Jenkins, Richard/A-4567-2012; Hoffmann,
Michael/E-6419-2010
OI Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725; Ron, Santiago/0000-0001-6300-9350;
Brooks, Thomas/0000-0001-8159-3116; Gerlach, Justin/0000-0002-0157-0449;
Pourkazemi, Mohammad/0000-0002-0496-8049; Tobias,
Joseph/0000-0003-2429-6179; Tognelli, Marcelo/0000-0002-9761-4505;
Molur, Sanjay/0000-0001-8230-518X; Self-Sullivan,
Caryn/0000-0003-0785-3682; Derocher, Andrew/0000-0002-1104-7774;
Lukoschek, vimoksalehi/0000-0002-0268-3808; Silvano,
Debora/0000-0001-7349-5962; Wilkinson, Mark/0000-0002-9459-8976; Hu,
Lile /0000-0003-4892-2488; Williamson, Liz/0000-0001-6848-9154; Collen,
Ben/0000-0003-2564-4243; Mace, Georgina/0000-0001-8965-5211; Schipper,
Jan/0000-0002-8338-7874; ANDREONE, FRANCO/0000-0001-9809-5818;
Rodrigues, Ana/0000-0003-4775-0127; Rodriguez, Jon
Paul/0000-0001-5019-2870; Akcakaya, H. Resit/0000-0002-8679-5929;
Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0003-4785-2254
NR 41
TC 410
Z9 431
U1 66
U2 565
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD DEC 10
PY 2010
VL 330
IS 6010
BP 1503
EP 1509
DI 10.1126/science.1194442
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 692LE
UT WOS:000285153500055
PM 20978281
ER
PT J
AU Rampulla, DM
Wroge, CM
Hanson, EL
Kushmerick, JG
AF Rampulla, David M.
Wroge, Christine M.
Hanson, Eric L.
Kushmerick, James G.
TI Charge Transport across Phosphonate Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR JUNCTIONS; WORK FUNCTION; TRANSISTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISPLAYS;
WIRES
AB Transition voltage spectroscopy was used to measure the charge injection properties of monolayers of bithiophene phosphonate, quarterthiophene phosphonate, and decylphosphonate covalently bonded to an indium tin oxide surface. Hysteresis was observed for all three phosphonates, which is possibly explained by charge retention at the phosphonate-ITO interface. Unlike previous work on thiolate-based molecular junctions, there is no significant difference between the charge injection barriers of the three phosphonates, suggesting that the phosphonate moiety dominates the observed charge injection properties.
C1 [Rampulla, David M.; Wroge, Christine M.; Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hanson, Eric L.] Aculon Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM james.kushmerick@nist.gov
OI Emnett, Christine/0000-0001-7207-5480
FU National Research Council
FX This work was supported by the National Research Council Postdoctoral
Associateship Program (D.M.R.).
NR 23
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 48
BP 20852
EP 20855
DI 10.1021/jp107209m
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 686YS
UT WOS:000284738900068
ER
PT J
AU Turk, D
Zappa, CJ
Meinen, CS
Christian, JR
Ho, DT
Dickson, AG
McGillis, WR
AF Turk, Daniela
Zappa, Christopher J.
Meinen, Christopher S.
Christian, James R.
Ho, David T.
Dickson, Andrew G.
McGillis, Wade R.
TI Rain impacts on CO2 exchange in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; AIR; VARIABILITY; WIND; FLUX
AB The ocean plays a major role in the global carbon cycle through the atmosphere-ocean partitioning of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Rain alters the physics and carbon chemistry at the ocean surface to increase the amount of CO2 taken up by the ocean. This paper presents the results of a preliminary study wherein rain measurements in the western equatorial Pacific are used to determine the enhanced transfer, chemical dilution and deposition effects of rain on air-sea CO2 exchange. Including these processes, the western equatorial Pacific CO2 flux is modified from an ocean source of +0.019 mol CO2 m(-2) yr(-1) to an ocean sink of -0.078 mol CO2 m(-2) yr(-1). This new understanding of rain effects changes the ocean's role in the global carbon budget, particularly in regions with low winds and high precipitation. Citation: Turk, D., C. J. Zappa, C. S. Meinen, J. R. Christian, D. T. Ho, A. G. Dickson, and W. R. McGillis (2010), Rain impacts on CO2 exchange in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23610, doi:10.1029/2010GL045520.
C1 [Turk, Daniela] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Turk, Daniela; Zappa, Christopher J.; McGillis, Wade R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
[Meinen, Christopher S.] NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Christian, James R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
[Ho, David T.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
[Dickson, Andrew G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Turk, D (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, Canada.
EM daniela.turk@dal.ca
RI Ho, David/A-3154-2011; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012
OI Ho, David/0000-0002-0944-6952; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0526677]; EU [239465]; NOAA Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE-0526677),
EU Marie Curie FP7-PEOPLE-IRG 239465, and by NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic
and Meteorological Laboratory. This is LDEO contribution 7405.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L23610
DI 10.1029/2010GL045520
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 693WE
UT WOS:000285255300004
ER
PT J
AU Clark, JV
Walsh, JE
AF Clark, Joseph V.
Walsh, John E.
TI Observed and reanalysis cloud fraction
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION SCHEME; ARCTIC CLOUD; VARIABILITY; MODEL
AB Because the Arctic climate is particularly sensitive to cloud-radiative interactions, climate models must represent Arctic clouds realistically in order to capture the variations and feedbacks in high-latitude climate. Observations of clouds and radiative fluxes for the North Slope of Alaska are available from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. Reanalysis models also calculate cloud and radiative variables. In this study, ARM measurements and North American Regional Reanalysis output for four midseason months are used to show that boundary layer clouds are not only the most common type of cloud observed on the North Slope but they are also a major cause for error by the reanalysis. Near-surface clouds are associated with large overestimates of the cloud fraction during the cold season and large underestimates during the warm season. These results were synthesized with other data to produce a comprehensive picture of synoptic conditions that are commonly present when the reanalysis fails to simulate the cloud fraction. When errors in the simulated cloud fraction are largest during the cold season, anomalously high pressure is observed north of the Bering Strait, with the departure being largest in magnitude and most widespread spatially in January. Large undersimulations in the summer are associated with a + 9 hPa deviation from climatology over the Arctic Ocean, a configuration that favors onshore flow from the northeast and east. More generally, large undersimulations in the summer clouds at Barrow are almost exclusively associated with onshore flow.
C1 [Clark, Joseph V.; Walsh, John E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA.
RP Clark, JV (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, 300 Startare Dr, Eureka, CA 95501 USA.
EM joseph.v.clark@noaa.gov
FU Department of Energy [DESG-0206-ER64251]
FX The authors thank Bill Chapman and Diane Portis, Department of
Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for
their contributions to the data extraction and analysis. This work was
supported by the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation
Measurement Program through grant DESG-0206-ER64251. The authors also
thank two reviewers for their helpful comments, and especially one
reviewer for the articulation of the significance testing by the Monte
Carlo approach.
NR 17
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D23121
DI 10.1029/2009JD013235
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693XC
UT WOS:000285257700001
ER
PT J
AU Park, TW
Ho, CH
Yang, S
Jeong, JH
AF Park, Tae-Won
Ho, Chang-Hoi
Yang, Song
Jeong, Jee-Hoon
TI Influences of Arctic Oscillation and Madden-Julian Oscillation on cold
surges and heavy snowfalls over Korea: A case study for the winter of
2009-2010
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION
ANOMALIES; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ANNULAR MODE;
EAST-ASIA; MONSOON; INDEX; TELECONNECTION
AB In the winter of 2009-2010, frequent and long-lasting cold weather affected Korea. Four major cold surges and several heavy snowfall events were observed, including a record-breaking event on 4 January 2010. These four cold surges had distinct properties with regard to their relationships to the phases of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), suggesting the possible influences of the AO and MJO on the cold surges and heavy snowfalls. The four cold surges were of two distinct types: the wave train type and the blocking type, which were differentiated by their mechanisms. With regard to the relationships of the cold surges to the AO, three cold surges occurred during a strongly negative AO period, which lasted for more than 1 month. The Siberian High expanded from the Arctic high-pressure region to East Asia during the negative AO period. A cold surge occurred during a positive AO, with the expansion of the Siberian High across the Eurasian continent. An MJO-induced circulation, corresponding to strong tropical convection over the tropical Indian Ocean, seems to have reinforced the cold surges over East Asia. In addition, the active local Hadley circulation modulated by a convection center over the Indian Ocean tends to enhance midlatitude synoptic disturbances across East Asia and provides favorable conditions for upward motion over the region. In short, the effects of the AO and MJO, along with the existing low-level moisture supply, contributed to heavy snowfalls associated with strong cold surges over Korea during the winter of 2009-2010.
C1 [Park, Tae-Won; Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Phys Lab, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
[Jeong, Jee-Hoon] Gothenburg Univ, Dept Earth Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Park, TW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Climate Phys Lab, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
EM hoch@cpl.snu.ac.kr
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; Jeong, Jee-Hoon/A-4286-2010; Ho,
Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015
OI Jeong, Jee-Hoon/0000-0002-3358-3949;
FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program
[CATER 2006-4204]
FX This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research
and Development Program under grant CATER 2006-4204.
NR 43
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 5
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D23122
DI 10.1029/2010JD014794
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693XC
UT WOS:000285257700007
ER
PT J
AU Xiao, X
Cohan, DS
Byun, DW
Ngan, F
AF Xiao, Xue
Cohan, Daniel S.
Byun, Daewon W.
Ngan, Fong
TI Highly nonlinear ozone formation in the Houston region and implications
for emission controls
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIRECT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;
METROPOLITAN-AREA; TEXAQS 2000; NOX; URBAN; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION;
ISOPRENE
AB Photochemical modeling with high-order sensitivity analysis is applied to simulate the nonlinear responses of ozone to NOx and VOC emissions from different source regions in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria area and their interactions. First-order responses of daytime ozone to Houston NOx emissions are typically positive but are negative in the core region, indicating a NOx-inhibited chemical regime there. Houston anthropogenic VOC emissions exert a spatially smaller impact on ozone but are important to high ozone concentrations in the core region. Highest ozone concentrations in the Houston region typically occur where the impacts of the Houston Ship Channel NOx emissions coincide with those of NOx emitted from the rest of the Houston region. Daytime ozone is found to exhibit a more nonlinear responsiveness to precursor emissions in Houston than has been reported in other regions, including a strongly concave response to local NOx emissions and strong interactions between the impacts of NOx and VOC emissions changes. Due to this intense nonlinearity, moderate perturbations (10-30%) in either NOx or VOC emissions inventories could flip whether Houston ozone is modeled to be more responsive to VOC control or NOx control. Thus the accuracy of emission inventories could strongly influence predictions of ozone response to emission reductions.
C1 [Xiao, Xue; Cohan, Daniel S.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Byun, Daewon W.; Ngan, Fong] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Xiao, X (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
EM xue.xiao@rice.edu
RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012
OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727
FU Texas Environmental Research Consortium [H98]
FX Financial support for this research was provided by the Texas
Environmental Research Consortium (project contract H98). We thank the
NOAA internal reviewer for the evaluation of the manuscript and three
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the
manuscript.
NR 37
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D23309
DI 10.1029/2010JD014435
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693XC
UT WOS:000285257700005
ER
PT J
AU Rincon, L
Gonzalez, CA
AF Rincon, Luis
Gonzalez, Carlos A.
TI Extended Huckel Tight-Binding Calculations of Electronic Resonances in
Linear Chains of Gold Atoms and Clusters
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHOD; METAL
NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA
AB Electronic excitations in linear chains and icosahedra clusters of gold atoms have been studied using an approximate version of time-dependent density functional theory based on the extended Wicket tight-binding method. The formation and development of two longitudinal collective resonances in the absorption spectra were studied as a function of the chain length. We show that in the case of a gold cluster dimer, the classical description breaks down at intercluster distances below 0.5 nm due to the neglect of important quantum effects. In addition, a blue shifting of the collective resonances at these distances is observed. Analysis of these results yields a general picture of electronic resonances in one-dimensional atomic structures.
C1 [Rincon, Luis; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Merida 5101, Venezuela.
RP Gonzalez, CA (reprint author), NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM lrincon@ula.ve; carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov
RI Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015
NR 43
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 48
BP 20734
EP 20740
DI 10.1021/jp106761f
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 686YS
UT WOS:000284738900054
ER
PT J
AU Schulz, P
Zangmeister, CD
Zhao, YL
Frail, PR
Saudari, SR
Gonzalez, CA
Kagan, CR
Wuttig, M
van Zee, RD
AF Schulz, Philip
Zangmeister, Christopher D.
Zhao, Yi-Lei
Frail, Paul R.
Saudari, Sangameshwar R.
Gonzalez, Carlos A.
Kagan, Cherie R.
Wuttig, Matthias
van Zee, Roger D.
TI Comparison of the Energy-Level Alignment of Thiolate- and
Carbodithiolate-Bound Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SURFACE
FUNCTIONALIZATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR DEVICES; WORK
FUNCTION; AU(111); ADSORPTION; INTERFACES; CONTACTS
AB This paper presents an experimental study of a carbodithiolate-bound monolayer on gold and finds the electronic structure of this surface to be different from those of thiolate-bound monolayers in important ways. Specifically, self-assembled monolayers formed from benzyl mercaptan and dithiobenzoic acid (molecules identical to each other except for the linker group) chemisorbed on gold are compared. The electronic structure of these modified surfaces was investigated using photoemission spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. Surfaces covered with monolayers formed from benzyl mercaptan were found to be comparable to other thiolate-bound adsorbates. In contrast, surfaces covered with monolayers formed from dithiobenzoic acid have a markedly different electronic structure; the work function of the such modified surface is lowered by 1.6 eV, as compared to that of a bare gold surface, and the highest occupied pi-band lies 1.3-1.6 eV below the Fermi level of the gold surface. Dithiobenzoic acid was also used to modify the contacts of organic transistors and found to be effective in engineering the metal-semiconductor interface to achieve ambipolar transport.
C1 [Schulz, Philip; Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Zhao, Yi-Lei; Gonzalez, Carlos A.; van Zee, Roger D.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Schulz, Philip; Wuttig, Matthias] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys IA, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
[Frail, Paul R.; Saudari, Sangameshwar R.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Frail, Paul R.; Saudari, Sangameshwar R.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Frail, Paul R.; Saudari, Sangameshwar R.; Kagan, Cherie R.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Wuttig, Matthias/A-8860-2012; Saudari, Sangameshwar/F-7013-2014; Schulz,
Philip/N-2295-2015
OI Wuttig, Matthias/0000-0003-1498-1025; Schulz, Philip/0000-0002-8177-0108
FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD); Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's
Nanotechnology Institute; NIST Office of Microelectronic
FX P.S. thanks the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for financial
support. P.R.F., S.R.S., arid C.R.K. acknowledge the support from the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Nanotechnology Institute. C.D.Z. and
R.D.v.Z. acknowledge the support of the NIST Office of Microelectronic
Projects. Note: Certain trade names are mentioned in the text for
brevity and completeness. These specific references should not be
construed as recommendations by NIST or as a suggestion that other
suppliers and materials would not perform as well or better in these
applications.
NR 64
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 15
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 48
BP 20843
EP 20851
DI 10.1021/jp107186m
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 686YS
UT WOS:000284738900067
ER
PT J
AU Newell, PT
Sotirelis, T
Liou, K
Lee, AR
Wing, S
Green, J
Redmon, R
AF Newell, P. T.
Sotirelis, T.
Liou, K.
Lee, A. R.
Wing, S.
Green, J.
Redmon, R.
TI Predictive ability of four auroral precipitation models as evaluated
using Polar UVI global images
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; STATISTICAL-MODEL; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; ION
PRECIPITATION; EMISSIONS
AB Auroral precipitation models have been valuable tools for several decades, but it has been difficult to estimate their objective accuracy. The use of global UV imagers, which make relatively instantaneous estimates of hemispheric auroral power, provides one approach forward. We present the first such validation and quantitative comparison of auroral precipitation models. Specifically, we correlated Polar UVI images with the predictions of four precipitation models. These are the Hardy Kp model, the Brautigam IMF-based model, the Evans nowcast model currently used at NOAA, and OVATION Prime, recently introduced by Newell and colleagues. Because calibration uncertainties exist for all particle detectors, and for imagers as well, we focus on correlation coefficients rather than the absolute magnitudes. To minimize dayglow, the nightside precipitating power (1800-0600 MLT) is considered and only for cases where that entire region is within the Polar UVI field of view. Also, only instances where each model has a prediction are considered (i.e., there must be IMF data, and there must be a NOAA satellite pass within the last 1 h). Altogether, 27,613 1 min ("instantaneous") images satisfied these criteria from 1996 to 1997. The four models investigated predict roughly half the variance in auroral power. From least to best at predicting instantaneous auroral power, the results are Brautigam IMF model (r = 0.68, r(2) = 46%); Evans nowcast model (r = 0.70, r(2) = 49%); Hardy Kp model (r = 0.72, r(2) = 52%); and OVATION Prime IMF (r = 0.75, r(2) = 56%). We also considered 1 h averages of UVI images. All four models improved, but the nowcast jumped from third to first: Brautigam IMF (r = 0.69, r(2) = 48%); Hardy Kp (r = 0.74, r(2) = 55%); OVATION Prime IMF (r = 0.76, r(2) = 58%); Evans nowcast (r = 0.77, r(2) = 59%). The nowcast approach benefits most from hourly averaging because at times more than one satellite pass is available. In principle, with enough satellites, the nowcast approach would be ideal. The advantage of OVATION Prime IMF over Brautigam IMF mirrors their respective organizing solar wind coupling functions. The reasonable performance of the Hardy Kp model, despite its 3 h cadence and limited maps, suggests that an updated model based on Kp interpolated to 1 h cadence would be competitive.
C1 [Newell, P. T.; Sotirelis, T.; Liou, K.; Lee, A. R.; Wing, S.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
[Green, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Redmon, R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Newell, PT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.
RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016
OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719; Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688
FU NSF [ATM-0837978, ANT-0738055, ATM-0802708]
FX This work was supported by NSF grants ATM-0837978, ANT-0738055, and
ATM-0802708, all to the Johns Hopkins University.
NR 26
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 8
AR S12004
DI 10.1029/2010SW000604
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693XJ
UT WOS:000285258400002
ER
PT J
AU Redmon, RJ
Anderson, D
Caton, R
Bullett, T
AF Redmon, Robert J.
Anderson, David
Caton, Ron
Bullett, Terence
TI A Forecasting Ionospheric Real-time Scintillation Tool (FIRST)
SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD F; REGION; VARIABILITY; AMERICAN; SUNSET
AB Transionospheric radio waves propagating through an irregular ionosphere with plasma depletions, or "bubbles," are subject to sporadic enhancement and fading commonly referred to as scintillation. Knowledge of the current ionospheric condition allows system operators to distinguish between compromises due to the radio environment and system induced failures, while a forecast of the same provides the opportunity for operators to take appropriate actions to mitigate the effects and optimize service. This paper describes a technique that uses the readily accessible ionospheric characteristic h'F from ground-based ionospheric sounder data near the geomagnetic equator to forecast the occurrence or nonoccurrence of low-latitude scintillation activity in VHF/UHF bands. We illustrate the development of the Forecasting Ionospheric Real-time Scintillation Tool and its real-time capability for forecasting scintillation activity. Finally, we have found that there exists a threshold in the h'F value at 1930 LT that corresponds to the onset of scintillation activity in the Peruvian longitude sector, which is found to decrease with decreasing F10.7 cm fluxes in a linear manner.
C1 [Redmon, Robert J.; Bullett, Terence] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Anderson, David; Bullett, Terence] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Anderson, David] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Caton, Ron] AFRL, RV XBI, Kirtland AFB, NM USA.
RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov
RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011
OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719;
NR 27
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 1542-7390
J9 SPACE WEATHER
JI Space Weather
PD DEC 9
PY 2010
VL 8
AR S12003
DI 10.1029/2010SW000582
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693XJ
UT WOS:000285258400001
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, XR
Hudson, SD
DeLongchamp, DM
Gundlach, DJ
Heeney, M
McCulloch, I
AF Zhang, Xinran
Hudson, Steven D.
DeLongchamp, Dean M.
Gundlach, David J.
Heeney, Martin
McCulloch, Iain
TI In-Plane Liquid Crystalline Texture of High-Performance Thienothiophene
Copolymer Thin Films
SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ORGANIC
SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CARRIER MOBILITY; POLYMERS;
TRANSISTORS; FIELD; PENTACENE; DISCLINATIONS
AB Poly(2,5-Bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl) thieno[3,2-b] thiophenes (pBTTTs) are a new class of solution-processable polymer semiconductors with high charge carrier mobilities that rival amorphous silicon. This exceptional performance is thought to originate in the microstructure of pBTTT films, which exhibit high crystallinity and a surface topography of wide terraces. However, the true lateral grain size has not been determined, despite the critical impact grain boundaries can have on the charge transport of polymer semiconductors. Here a strategy for determining the lateral grain structure of pBTTT using dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM) and subsequent image analysis is presented. For the first time, it is revealed that the in-plain pBTTT crystal orientation varies smoothly across a length scale significantly less than one micrometer (e. g., with only small angles between adjacent diffracting regions). The pBTTT polymers thus exhibit an in-plane liquid crystalline texture. This microstructure is different from what has been reported for small molecule semiconductors or polymer semiconductors such as poly (3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT). Even though films processed differently exhibit different apparent domain sizes, they exhibit similar charge carrier hopping activation energies because they possess similar low densities of abrupt grain boundaries.
C1 [Zhang, Xinran; Hudson, Steven D.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, Kensington SW7 2AZ, England.
RP Zhang, XR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM sdh@nist.gov; deand@nist.gov
RI Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Zhang, Xinran/D-2908-2014
OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020;
NR 44
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 3
U2 39
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1616-301X
J9 ADV FUNCT MATER
JI Adv. Funct. Mater.
PD DEC 8
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 23
BP 4098
EP 4106
DI 10.1002/adfm.201001232
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 695SM
UT WOS:000285392900008
ER
PT J
AU Stefanoski, S
Martin, J
Nolas, GS
AF Stefanoski, S.
Martin, J.
Nolas, G. S.
TI Low temperature transport properties and heat capacity of single-crystal
Na8Si46
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLATHRATE COMPOUND;
VIBRATIONAL-MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SILICON; SI; SI-46; NMR; PRINCIPLES
AB The low temperature thermal conductivity, resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of single-crystal Na8Si46 are investigated revealing the intrinsic low temperature transport properties of this material. Metallic conduction is observed, with a higher residual resistance ratio than any other known type I clathrate. Heat capacity together with thermal conductivity provide insight into the Na disorder inside the polyhedra formed by the Si framework. Single-crystal structural refinement and thermal property analyses reveal anisotropic disorder for Na inside the tetrakaidecahedra due to a reduction in the symmetry inside these polyhedra, unlike that for Na inside the dodecahedra.
C1 [Stefanoski, S.; Nolas, G. S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
[Martin, J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Stefanoski, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.
EM gnolas@usf.edu
FU US DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46145]
FX SS and GSN acknowledge support from US DOE Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER46145
for the crystal growth, powder XRD and characterization, transport
measurements, and data analysis. The authors acknowledge W Wong-Ng at
NIST and P Zavalij at the University of Maryland for single-crystal XRD.
NR 47
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 22
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD DEC 8
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 48
AR 485404
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/48/485404
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 684EU
UT WOS:000284533500006
PM 21406746
ER
PT J
AU Kitano, J
Lema, SC
Luckenbach, JA
Mori, S
Kawagishi, Y
Kusakabe, M
Swanson, P
Peichel, CL
AF Kitano, Jun
Lema, Sean C.
Luckenbach, J. Adam
Mori, Seiichi
Kawagishi, Yui
Kusakabe, Makoto
Swanson, Penny
Peichel, Catherine L.
TI Adaptive Divergence in the Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathway in the
Stickleback Radiation
SO CURRENT BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STANDING GENETIC-VARIATION; THREESPINE STICKLEBACK;
GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; PARALLEL EVOLUTION; GENOME DUPLICATION;
ENDOCRINE CONTROL; PELVIC REDUCTION; TELEOST FISH; PIGMENTATION;
REPRODUCTION
AB During adaptive radiations, animals colonize diverse environments, which requires adaptation in multiple phenotypic traits [1]. Because hormones mediate the dynamic regulation of suites of phenotypic traits [2-4], evolutionary changes in hormonal signaling pathways might contribute to adaptation to new environments. Here we report changes in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway in stream-resident ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which have repeatedly evolved from ancestral marine ecotypes [5-8]. Stream-resident fish exhibit a lower plasma concentration of thyroid hormone and a lower metabolic rate, which is likely adaptive for permanent residency in small streams. The thyroid-stimulating hormone-beta 2 (TSH beta 2) gene exhibited significantly lower mRNA expression in pituitary glands of stream-resident sticklebacks relative to marine sticklebacks. Some of the difference in TSH beta 2 transcript levels can be explained by cis-regulatory differences at the TSP beta 2 gene locus. Consistent with these expression differences, a strong signature of divergent natural selection was found at the TSH beta 2genomic locus. By contrast, there were no differences between the marine and stream-resident ecotypes in mRNA levels or genomic sequence in the paralogous TSH beta 1 gene. Our data indicate that evolutionary changes in hormonal signaling have played an important role in the postglacial adaptive radiation of sticklebacks.
C1 [Kitano, Jun; Kawagishi, Yui] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
[Kitano, Jun] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
[Kitano, Jun; Peichel, Catherine L.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
[Lema, Sean C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
[Lema, Sean C.; Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Mori, Seiichi] Gifu Keizai Univ, Biol Lab, Gifu 5038550, Japan.
[Kusakabe, Makoto] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Kusakabe, Makoto] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Dept Marine Biosci, Chiba 2778564, Japan.
RP Kitano, J (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
EM jkitano@m.tohoku.ac.jp
FU Uehara Memorial Foundation; Brain Science Foundation; Ministry of
Education, Science, Sports, and Culture; National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative; Burroughs
Wellcome Fund; National Institutes of Health [P50 HG02568]; JST
FX We thank Ikumi Nakamura, Masakado Kawata, Manabu Kume, Jon Dickey,
Felicity Jones, Frank Chan, David Kingsley, Yoshio Takei, Susumu Hyodo,
Sanae Ogasawara, and Shaun McCann, as well as all members of the Peichel
and Swanson laboratories, for valuable advice, discussion, and technical
assistance. This work was supported by the Uehara Memorial Foundation
(J.K.), the Brain Science Foundation (J.K.), JST PRESTO program (J.K.),
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientist (B) from the Ministry of Education,
Science, Sports, and Culture (J.K.), The National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative (S.C.L.),
a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences
(C.L.P.), and National Institutes of Health grant P50 HG02568 (C.L.P.).
Sampling in Washington State was conducted under Washington Department
of Fish and Wildlife permits to C.L.P. (05-049,06-159,07-047). Canadian
and Japanese fish were collected with the courtesy of Dolph Schluter and
Manabu Kume, respectively. All experiments were reviewed and approved by
the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committees (protocol 1575).
NR 58
TC 69
Z9 70
U1 1
U2 32
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0960-9822
J9 CURR BIOL
JI Curr. Biol.
PD DEC 7
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 23
BP 2124
EP 2130
DI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.050
PG 7
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 693GV
UT WOS:000285213500027
PM 21093265
ER
PT J
AU Bowers, HA
Messick, GA
Hanif, A
Jagus, R
Carrion, L
Zmora, O
Schott, EJ
AF Bowers, Holly A.
Messick, Gretchen A.
Hanif, Ammar
Jagus, Rosemary
Carrion, Lee
Zmora, Oded
Schott, Eric J.
TI Physicochemical properties of double-stranded RNA used to discover a
reo-like virus from blue crab Callinectes sapidus
SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Reovirus; dsRNA; Disease; Callinectes sapidus; Aquaculture; Mortality
ID CARIBBEAN SPINY LOBSTER; PANULIRUS-ARGUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY;
TAURA-SYNDROME; PENAEUS-VANNAMEI; VIRAL ETIOLOGY; RT-PCR; DISEASE;
PURIFICATION; REPLICATION
AB Mortality among blue crab Callinectes sapidus in soft shell production facilities is typically 25% or greater. The harvest, handling, and husbandry practices of soft shell crab production have the potential to spread or exacerbate infectious crab diseases. To investigate the possible role of viruses in soft shell crab mortalities, we took advantage of the physicochemical properties of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to isolate a putative virus genome. Further characterization confirmed the presence of a reo-like virus that possesses 12 dsRNA genome segments. The virus was present in > 50% of dead or dying soft shell crabs, but fewer than 5% of healthy hard crabs. Injection of the virus caused mortality and resulted in the appearance of viral RNA and virus inclusions in hemocytes. The genome of the virus was partially sequenced and the information used to develop a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay that is able to detect the virus genome in as little as 7.5 pg of total RNA. The molecular tools developed during this study will allow us to quantify prevalence of the blue crab reo-like virus in captive (soft shell facilities, aquaculture operations) and wild populations and facilitate understanding of the role this virus has in blue crab life history.
C1 [Bowers, Holly A.; Hanif, Ammar; Jagus, Rosemary; Schott, Eric J.] Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
[Messick, Gretchen A.] Charleston USDOC NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA.
[Carrion, Lee] Coveside Crabs Inc, Dundalk, MD 21222 USA.
[Zmora, Oded] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
RP Schott, EJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Ctr Environm Sci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA.
EM schott@umces.edu
FU NOAA [NA17FU2841, NA06OAR4810163]; NOAA/NOS [EA133C07RQ0669]; Maryland
SeaGrant [NA050AR417042]
FX The authors express their gratitude to Sue Tyler, of NOAA Oxford Lab,
for electron microscopy, Kelly Cox of Phillips Wharf Environmental
Center (Tilghman, MD) and Ronnie Day (St. Marks, FL) for providing soft
shell aquaculture blue crabs. We also thank Dr. Allen Place of the
Institute of Marine and Environmental Technolgy, University of Maryland
Center for Environmental Science (IMET/UMCES), for his helpful
suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript. This research was
supported by a NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program grant (NA17FU2841) to Y.
Zohar (IMET, University of Maryland Baltimore County), a NOAA/NOS
contract (EA133C07RQ0669) to E.J.S., NOAA-Educational Partnership
Program (LMRCSC) to funding to IMET (NA06OAR4810163 to R.J.), and
Maryland SeaGrant (NA050AR417042) to E.J.S. This is publication 4467 of
the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science.
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 10
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0177-5103
J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN
JI Dis. Aquat. Org.
PD DEC 7
PY 2010
VL 93
IS 1
BP 17
EP 29
DI 10.3354/dao02280
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 694NO
UT WOS:000285305100002
PM 21290893
ER
PT J
AU Bounoua, L
Hall, FG
Sellers, PJ
Kumar, A
Collatz, GJ
Tucker, CJ
Imhoff, ML
AF Bounoua, L.
Hall, F. G.
Sellers, P. J.
Kumar, A.
Collatz, G. J.
Tucker, C. J.
Imhoff, M. L.
TI Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A
modeling approach
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NDVI DATA;
NITROGEN; RUNOFF; WATER
AB Several climate models indicate that in a 2 x CO(2) environment, temperature and precipitation would increase and runoff would increase faster than precipitation. These models, however, did not allow the vegetation to increase its leaf density as a response to the physiological effects of increased CO2 and consequent changes in climate. Other assessments included these interactions but did not account for the vegetation down-regulation to reduce plant's photosynthetic activity and as such resulted in a weak vegetation negative response. When we combine these interactions in climate simulations with 2 x CO(2), the associated increase in precipitation contributes primarily to increase evapotranspiration rather than surface runoff, consistent with observations, and results in an additional cooling effect not fully accounted for in previous simulations with elevated CO(2). By accelerating the water cycle, this feedback slows but does not alleviate the projected warming, reducing the land surface warming by 0.6 degrees C. Compared to previous studies, these results imply that long term negative feedback from CO(2)-induced increases in vegetation density could reduce temperature following a stabilization of CO(2) concentration. Citation: Bounoua, L., F. G. Hall, P. J. Sellers, A. Kumar, G. J. Collatz, C. J. Tucker, and M. L. Imhoff (2010), Quantifying the negative feedback of vegetation to greenhouse warming: A modeling approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23701, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045338.
C1 [Bounoua, L.; Hall, F. G.; Collatz, G. J.; Tucker, C. J.; Imhoff, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Kumar, A.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Sellers, P. J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
[Hall, F. G.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
RP Bounoua, L (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM lahouari.bounoua@nasa.gov; forrest.g.hall@nasa.gov;
piers.j.sellers@nasa.gov; arun.kumar@noaa.gov;
george.j.collatz@nasa.gov; compton.j.tucker@nasa.gov;
marc.l.imhoff@nasa.gov
RI collatz, george/D-5381-2012
FU NASA
FX We thank R. Betts for his insightful remarks. The work was partially
supported by the NASA's LCLUC-program.
NR 22
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 7
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L23701
DI 10.1029/2010GL045338
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 693WC
UT WOS:000285255100001
ER
PT J
AU Lumpkin, R
Elipot, S
AF Lumpkin, Rick
Elipot, Shane
TI Surface drifter pair spreading in the North Atlantic
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY-SPECTRUM; CONSTANT-LEVEL BALLOONS; RELATIVE
DISPERSION; 2-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE; GEOSTROPHIC TURBULENCE; UPPER
OCEAN; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; SEA; CIRCULATION
AB This study examines spreading of surface drifter pairs deployed as part of the CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamic Experiment (CLIMODE) project in the Gulf Stream region. The spreading is resolved at hourly resolution and quantified by relative dispersion and finite-scale Lyapunov exponents. At scales from 1-3 km to 300-500 km, the dispersion follows Richardson's law, indicating stirring by eddies comparable in scale to the pair separation distance. At larger scales, the spreading becomes a random walk described by a constant diffusivity. The behavior from 1-3 km to the local deformation radius is inconsistent with the enstrophy cascade of 2-D quasigeostrophic turbulence. To test various hypotheses for this result, drifter pair spreading is examined for pairs that were not launched together, pairs deployed in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic, and CLIMODE pairs subsampled to daily temporal resolution. Our results indicate the presence of significant energy at the submesoscale in the Gulf Stream region which flattens the wave number spectrum and dominates surface stirring at this scale range. Results in the less energetic subtropical eastern Atlantic are more equivocal.
C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Elipot, Shane] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England.
RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov
RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009
OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704
FU National Science Foundation; Environment and Climate EU ENACT project
[EVK2-CT2001-00117]; CNES; NASA; AMSR-E Science Team
FX Dave Fratantoni and John Lund deployed many of the CLIMODE drifters
described in this paper, and numerous individuals and organizations are
responsible for the historical deployments. The authors had valuable
discussions with numerous colleagues; interactions with Angelique Haza,
Tamay Ozgkmen, Shafer Smith, Joe LaCasce, Patrice Klein, John Toole,
Kevin Speer, Carter Ohlmann, Javier Beron-Vera, Bill Dewer, and John
Marshall were particularly enlightening. Mayra Pazos, Erik Vades, and
Jessica Redman prepared the quality-controlled drifter data for this
study. Shaun Dolk and Craig Engler managed worldwide drifter deployments
and orchestrated the ADB drifter clusters. This work was supported by
the National Science Foundation as part of the CLIMODE project.
Additional support was provided by NOAA's Office of Climate Observations
and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The AVISO
product was produced by the CLS Space Oceanography Division as part of
the Environment and Climate EU ENACT project (EVK2-CT2001-00117) and
with support from CNES. Microwave SST data are produced by Remote
Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Earth Science REASON DISCOVER
Project and the AMSR-E Science Team. Data are available at
http://www.remss.com.
NR 56
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 7
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12017
DI 10.1029/2010JC006338
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 693XP
UT WOS:000285259000005
ER
PT J
AU Kwak, KJ
Valincius, G
Liao, WC
Hu, X
Wen, XJ
Lee, A
Yu, B
Vanderah, DJ
Lu, W
Lee, LJ
AF Kwak, Kwang Joo
Valincius, Gintaras
Liao, Wei-Ching
Hu, Xin
Wen, Xuejin
Lee, Andrew
Yu, Bo
Vanderah, David J.
Lu, Wu
Lee, L. James
TI Formation and Finite Element Analysis of Tethered Bilayer Lipid
Structures
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; GOLD SURFACES;
VESICLE ADSORPTION; SUPPORTED MEMBRANES; DOMAIN FORMATION;
ELECTRIC-FIELD; AFM; MODEL; TEMPERATURE
AB Rapid solvent exchange of an ethanolic solution of diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPhyPC) in the presence of a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) [thiolipid/beta-mercaptoethanol (beta ME) (3/7 mol/mol) on Au] shows a transition from densely packed tethered bilayer lipid membranes [(dp)tBLMs], to loosely packed tethered bilayer lipid membranes [(lp)tBLMs], and tethered bilayer liposome nanoparticles (tBLNs) with decreasing DPhyPC concentration. The tethered lipidic constructs in the aqueous medium were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (A FM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to interpret spectral EIS features without referring to equivalent circuit modeling. Using structural data obtained earlier from neutron reflectometry and dielectric constants of lipid bilayers, we reproduced experimentally observed features of the electrochemical impedance (El) spectra of complex surface constructs involving small pinhole defects, large membrane-free patches, and bound liposomes. We demonstrated by FEA that highly insulating (dp)tBLMs with low-defect density exhibit El spectra in the shape of a perfect semicircle with or without low-frequency upward "tails" in the Cole-Cole representation. Such El spectra were observed at DPhyPC concentrations of >5 x 10(-3) mol L(-1). While AFM was not able to visualize very small lateral defects in such films, El spectra unambiguously signaled their presence by increased low frequency "tails". Using FEA we demonstrate that films with large diameter visible defects (> 25 nm by AFM) produce El spectral features consisting of two semicircles of comparable size. Such films were typically obtained at DPhyPC concentrations of < 5 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) At DPhyPC concentrations of < 1.0 x 10(-3) mol L(-1) the planar bilayer structures were replaced by ellipsoidal liposomes with diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm as observed in AFM images. Despite the distinct surface morphology change, the El curves exhibited two semicircle spectral features typical for the large size defects in planar tBLMs. FEA revealed that, to account for these El features for bound liposome systems (50-500 nm diameter), one needs to assume much lower tBLM conductivities of the submembrane space, which separates the electrode surface and the phospholipid bilayer. Alternatively, FEA indicates that such features may also be observed on composite surfaces containing both bound liposomes and patches of planar bilayers. Triple semicircular features, observed in some of the experimental El curves, were attributed to an increased complexity of the real tBLMs. The modeling demonstrated that such features are typical for heterogeneous tBLM surfaces containing large patches of different defectiveness levels. By integrating AFM, EIS, and FEA data, our work provides diagnostic criteria allowing the precise characterization of the properties and the morphology of surface supported bilayer systems.
C1 [Kwak, Kwang Joo; Liao, Wei-Ching; Hu, Xin; Wen, Xuejin; Yu, Bo; Lu, Wu; Lee, L. James] Ohio State Univ, NSEC CANPBD, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Kwak, Kwang Joo; Yu, Bo; Lee, L. James] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Valincius, Gintaras] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Biochem, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania.
[Liao, Wei-Ching] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Wen, Xuejin; Lu, Wu] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Lee, Andrew] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Macromol Struct & Funct Grp, IBBR, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Lee, LJ (reprint author), 140 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM lee.31@osu.edu
OI Wen, Xuejin/0000-0002-6009-7487
FU National Science Foundation [EEC 0425626]; Biochemical Science Division
in the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL); Semiconductor
Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory
(EEEL); NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) through NIST
[70NANB9H9135]; Research Council of Lithuania [AUT-15/2010]
FX This work was supported by Grant EEC 0425626 from the National Science
Foundation. Authors acknowledge valuable comments and suggestions from
Professor Ron Larson and Ms. Susan Duncan at the University of Michigan.
G.V. acknowledges support from the Biochemical Science Division in the
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL), the Semiconductor
Electronics Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory
(EEEL), and the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) through NIST
Grant 70NANB9H9135 to Michael Paulaitis (The Ohio State University), and
support from the Research Council of Lithuania through Grant
AUT-15/2010.
NR 49
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 51
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD DEC 7
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 23
BP 18199
EP 18208
DI 10.1021/la1021802
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 686XM
UT WOS:000284732300062
PM 20977245
ER
PT J
AU Guo, DJ
Abdulagatov, AI
Rourke, DM
Bertness, KA
George, SM
Lee, YC
Tan, W
AF Guo, D. J.
Abdulagatov, A. I.
Rourke, D. M.
Bertness, K. A.
George, S. M.
Lee, Y. C.
Tan, W.
TI GaN Nanowire Functionalized with Atomic Layer Deposition Techniques for
Enhanced Immobilization of Biomolecules
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID STREPTAVIDIN; BIOTIN; GROWTH; SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; BIOSENSORS; EPITAXY;
BINDING
AB We report the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating as a nanobiosensor functionalization strategy for enhanced surface immobilization that may enable higher detection sensitivity. Three kinds of A LD coating films, Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2, were grown on the gallium nitride nanowire (GaN NW) surfaces and characterized with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and vacuum Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results from HRTEM showed that the thicknesses of ALD-Al2O3, ALD-TiO2 and ALD-SiO2 coatings were 4-5 tun, 5-6 nm, and 12-14 nm, respectively. Results from FTIR showed that the OH contents of these coatings were, respectively, similar to 6.9, similar to 7.4, and similar to 9.3 times that of piranha-treated GaN NW. Furthermore, to compare protein attachments on the different surfaces, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-biotin was grafted on the OH-functionalized GaN NW surfaces through active Si-Cl functional groups. Streptavidin protein molecules were then attached to the biotin ends via specific binding. The immobilized streptavidin molecules were examined with scanning electron microscopy, HRTEM, and fluorescent imaging. Results from HRTEM and energy-dispersive X-ray revealed that the nitrogen concentrations on the three ALD coatings were significantly higher than that on the piranha-treated surface. Results from fluorescent imaging further showed that the protein attachments on the Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2 ALD coatings were, respectively, 6.4, 7.8, and 9.8 times that of piranha-treated surface. This study demonstrates that ALD coating can be used as a functionalization strategy for nanobiosensors because it is capable of creating functional groups with much higher density compared to widely used acid modifications, and among the three A LD coatings, ALD-SiO2 yielded the most promising results in OH content and protein attachment.
C1 [Guo, D. J.; Lee, Y. C.; Tan, W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Abdulagatov, A. I.; George, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rourke, D. M.; Bertness, K. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA.
[Lee, Y. C.] DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nanoelectromech Transd, Boulder, CO USA.
[Tan, W.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Bioengn, Aurora, CO USA.
[Tan, W.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pediat Cardiol, Aurora, CO USA.
RP Tan, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM wtan@Colorado.Edu
RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013
OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184
FU YFA [HR0011-08-1-0041]; DARPAN/MEMS [N66001-10-1-4007]; National Natural
Science Foundation in China [50805076]
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Shao-Jie Fu for helping with FESEM
imaging and Mrs. Zhi-Ping Zhou for HRTEM imaging. This work was
supported by YFA HR0011-08-1-0041 (W.T.), DARPA Center on Nanoscale
Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical
Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program
(N66001-10-1-4007) (Dr. D. L. Polla, Program Manager), and National
Natural Science Foundation in China no. 50805076.
NR 36
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 41
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD DEC 7
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 23
BP 18382
EP 18391
DI 10.1021/la103337a
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 686XM
UT WOS:000284732300085
PM 21033757
ER
PT J
AU Hughes, PP
Coplan, MA
Thompson, AK
Vest, RE
Clark, CW
AF Hughes, Patrick P.
Coplan, Michael A.
Thompson, Alan K.
Vest, Robert E.
Clark, Charles W.
TI Far-ultraviolet signatures of the He-3(n, tp) reaction in noble gas
mixtures
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXCIMER LIGHT-SOURCE; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET; XENON; RADIATION; EMISSION;
MODEL
AB Previous work showed that the He-3(n,tp) reaction in a cell of He-3 at atmospheric pressure generated tens of far-ultraviolet photons per reacted neutron. Here we report amplification of that signal by factors of 1000 and more when noble gases are added to the cell. Calibrated filter-detector measurements show that this large signal is due to noble gas excimer emissions and that the nuclear reaction energy is converted to far-ultraviolet radiation with efficiencies of up to 30%. The results have been placed on an absolute scale through calibrations at the NIST SURF III synchrotron. They suggest possibilities for high-efficiency neutron detectors as an alternative to existing proportional counters. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3521285]
C1 [Hughes, Patrick P.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Coplan, Michael A.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Hughes, PP (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM charles.clark@nist.gov
RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009
OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885
NR 18
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD DEC 6
PY 2010
VL 97
IS 23
AR 234105
DI 10.1063/1.3521285
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 695IO
UT WOS:000285364000090
ER
PT J
AU Vissers, MR
Gao, J
Wisbey, DS
Hite, DA
Tsuei, CC
Corcoles, AD
Steffen, M
Pappas, DP
AF Vissers, M. R.
Gao, J.
Wisbey, D. S.
Hite, D. A.
Tsuei, C. C.
Corcoles, A. D.
Steffen, M.
Pappas, D. P.
TI Low loss superconducting titanium nitride coplanar waveguide resonators
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCTANCE; STATES
AB Thin films of TiN were sputter-deposited onto Si and sapphire wafers with and without SiN buffer layers. The films were fabricated into rf coplanar waveguide resonators, and internal quality factor measurements were taken at millikelvin temperatures in both the many photon and single photon limits, i.e., high and low electric field regimes, respectively. At high field, we found the highest internal quality factors (similar to 10(7)) were measured for TiN with predominantly a (200)-TiN orientation. The (200)-TiN is favored for growth at high temperature on either bare Si or SiN buffer layers. However, growth on bare sapphire or Si(100) at low temperature resulted in primarily a (111)-TiN orientation. Ellipsometry and Auger measurements indicate that the (200)-TiN growth on the bare Si substrates is correlated with the formation of a thin, approximate to 2 nm, layer of SiN during the predeposition procedure. On these surfaces we found a significant increase of Q(i) for both high and low electric field regimes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517252]
C1 [Vissers, M. R.; Gao, J.; Wisbey, D. S.; Hite, D. A.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Tsuei, C. C.; Corcoles, A. D.; Steffen, M.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
RP Vissers, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM david.pappas@boulder.nist.gov
RI Corcoles, Antonio/H-6291-2012
FU IC postdoctoral program
FX The authors would like to thank Ben Mazin and Jonas Zmuidzinas for the
insightful discussions as well as Thomas Ohki and Chris Lirakis at BBN
for guidance throughout the course of the work. C.C.T. wishes to thank
K. Saenger for useful discussions on XRD measurement. David Wisby was
supported through the IC postdoctoral program.
NR 20
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD DEC 6
PY 2010
VL 97
IS 23
AR 232509
DI 10.1063/1.3517252
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 695IO
UT WOS:000285364000051
ER
PT J
AU Bentlage, B
AF Bentlage, Bastian
TI Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Bentlage, Bastian] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
[Bentlage, Bastian] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
RP Bentlage, B (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1200 Sunnyside Ave, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
EM bentlage@ku.edu
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5326
EI 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD DEC 6
PY 2010
IS 2713
BP 52
EP 54
PG 3
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 690JV
UT WOS:000285001700003
ER
PT J
AU Sergienko, OV
AF Sergienko, O. V.
TI Elastic response of floating glacier ice to impact of long-period ocean
waves
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
LA English
DT Article
ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; SHELF RIFT PROPAGATION; BOTTOM CREVASSES;
CALVING GLACIERS; TIDAL FLEXURE; ANTARCTICA; STREAM; PENETRATION;
MARGINS; TONGUE
AB Disintegration of ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula over the past two decades has clearly demonstrated their high sensitivity to recent changes in the local thermal regime of the atmosphere and ocean and has given rise to the question of whether mechanical coupling with waves in the ocean may provide the triggering mechanism that starts collapse events. Motivated by these events, this study considers a more general question: how ocean waves affect the stress regime of floating ice, and in particular, how ocean waves can influence the creation of fractures and its fatiguing that may lead to breakup and collapse. A new treatment of ice shelf/ocean wave interaction in which the typical "thin plate" approximation is relaxed is presented here, and exact, analytic solutions describing ice shelf stresses induced by long (>60 s period) ocean waves in various idealized ice/ocean geometries are derived. The numerical calculations demonstrate that the amplitudes of the wave-induced stresses are sufficiently large to initiate top to bottom crevasse penetration through the depth of the ice shelf. The cyclic nature of the wave-induced stresses contributes to ice fatigue and damage that is also a precursor to ice shelf disintegration. Although primarily theoretical, the results of the present analysis suggest that ocean waves could be a potential trigger of ice shelf collapse as well as less dramatic, but equally important, episodic calving.
C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM osergien@princeton.edu
FU NSF [OPP-0838811, CMG-0934534]
FX I would like to thank Doug MacAyeal, Allan Rubin, Peter Bromirski,
Christina Hulbe, and Richard Hindmarsh for fruitful discussions and for
help with initial drafts of the manuscript. Constructive criticism and
valuable comments provided by Jeremy Bassis, the Associate Editor, and
two anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated. This research is
supported by a NSF grants OPP-0838811 and CMG-0934534.
NR 49
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 45
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf.
PD DEC 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR F04028
DI 10.1029/2010JF001721
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 690QG
UT WOS:000285018700001
ER
PT J
AU Papa, F
Durand, F
Rossow, WB
Rahman, A
Bala, SK
AF Papa, Fabrice
Durand, Fabien
Rossow, William B.
Rahman, Atiqur
Bala, Sujit K.
TI Satellite altimeter-derived monthly discharge of the Ganga-Brahmaputra
River and its seasonal to interannual variations from 1993 to 2008
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID BARRIER-LAYER FORMATION; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; RADAR ALTIMETRY; SUMMER
MONSOON; AMAZON BASIN; ARABIAN SEA; BENGAL; BAY; BANGLADESH;
PRECIPITATION
AB The Ganga-Brahmaputra accounts for similar to 25% of the total amount of freshwater received by the Bay of Bengal. Using daily in situ river discharge data along with altimetry-derived river heights, the present study aims to produce a monthly data set of altimetry-derived Ganga-Brahmaputra River discharge at the river mouths for 1993-2008. First, we estimate the standard error of ENVISAT-derived water levels over the Ganga to be 0.26 m, much smaller than the range of variability of similar to 7 m, and consistent with the accuracy of altimeter measurements over large rivers. We then establish rating curves between altimetry-derived water levels and in situ river discharges and show that TOPEX-Poseidon, ERS-2, and ENVISAT data can successfully be used to infer Ganga and Brahmaputra discharge. The mean error on the estimated daily discharge derived from altimetry ranges from similar to 15% (similar to 4700 m(3)/s) using TOPEX-Poseidon over the Brahmaputra to similar to 36% (similar to 9000 m(3)/s) using ERS-2 over the Ganga. Combined Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharges for 1993-2008 are presented, showing a mean error of similar to 17% (similar to 2700 m(3)/s), within the range (15%-20%) of acceptable accuracy for discharge measurements. During 2004-2008, we assess the variability of the estimate against precipitation and river heights records. Finally, we present a basic approach to infer Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharge at the river mouths. The upscaled discharge exhibits a marked interannual variability with a standard deviation in excess of similar to 12,500 m(3)/s, much larger than the data set uncertainty. This new data set represents an unprecedented source of information to quantify continental freshwater forcing flux into Indian Ocean circulation models.
C1 [Papa, Fabrice; Rossow, William B.; Rahman, Atiqur] CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA.
[Durand, Fabien] IRD LEGOS, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia.
[Bala, Sujit K.] Bangladesh Univ Engn & Technol, Inst Water & Flood Management, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
RP Papa, F (reprint author), IRD LEGOS, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
EM fpapa@giss.nasa.gov
RI Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; DURAND, Fabien/G-4229-2016; Papa,
Fabrice/D-3695-2009
OI DURAND, Fabien/0000-0001-9660-1422; Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253
FU NASA [NNDX7AO90E]
FX We thank both anonymous reviewers who helped us to improve our
manuscript. This study is funded by NASA's NEWS grant NNDX7AO90E managed
by Jared K. Entin. We are indebted to the people who collected in situ
hydrological observations. We thank Jean-Francois Cretaux (LEGOS-CNES)
for his suggestions and comments.
NR 56
TC 62
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD DEC 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C12013
DI 10.1029/2009JC006075
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 690QM
UT WOS:000285019300002
ER
PT J
AU Clilverd, MA
Rodger, CJ
Gamble, RJ
Ulich, T
Raita, T
Seppala, A
Green, JC
Thomson, NR
Sauvaud, JA
Parrot, M
AF Clilverd, Mark A.
Rodger, Craig J.
Gamble, Rory J.
Ulich, Thomas
Raita, Tero
Seppala, Annika
Green, Janet C.
Thomson, Neil R.
Sauvaud, Jean-Andre
Parrot, Michel
TI Ground-based estimates of outer radiation belt energetic electron
precipitation fluxes into the atmosphere
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTROMETER; AMPLITUDE; STORMS; WAVES; PHASE
AB AARDDVARK data from a radio wave receiver in Sodankyla, Finland have been used to monitor transmissions across the auroral oval and just into the polar cap from the very low frequency communications transmitter, call sign NAA (24.0 kHz, 44 degrees N, 67 degrees W, L = 2.9), in Maine, USA, since 2004. The transmissions are influenced by outer radiation belt (L = 3-7) energetic electron precipitation. In this study, we have been able to show that the observed transmission amplitude variations can be used to determine routinely the flux of energetic electrons entering the upper atmosphere along the total path and between 30 and 90 km. Our analysis of the NAA observations shows that electron precipitation fluxes can vary by 3 orders of magnitude during geomagnetic storms. Typically when averaging over L = 3-7 we find that the >100 keV POES "trapped" fluxes peak at about 10(6) el. cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) during geomagnetic storms, with the DEMETER >100 keV drift loss cone showing peak fluxes of 105 el. cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1), and both the POES >100 keV "loss" fluxes and the NAA ground-based >100 keV precipitation fluxes showing peaks of similar to 10(4) el. cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1). During a geomagnetic storm in July 2005, there were systematic MLT variations in the fluxes observed: electron precipitation flux in the midnight sector (22-06 MLT) exceeded the fluxes from the morning side (0330-1130 MLT) and also from the afternoon sector (1130-1930 MLT). The analysis of NAA amplitude variability has the potential of providing a detailed, near real-time, picture of energetic electron precipitation fluxes from the outer radiation belts.
C1 [Clilverd, Mark A.; Seppala, Annika] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Rodger, Craig J.; Gamble, Rory J.; Thomson, Neil R.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand.
[Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Parrot, Michel] Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Ulich, Thomas; Raita, Tero] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Geophys Observ, Sodankyla, Finland.
[Sauvaud, Jean-Andre] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
[Seppala, Annika] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Clilverd, MA (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
EM macl@bas.ac.uk; crodger@physics.otago.ac.nz;
rgamble@physics.otago.ac.nz; thu@sgo.fi; tero.raita@sgo.fi;
annika.seppala@bas.ac.uk; janet.green@noaa.gov;
n_thomson@physics.otago.ac.nz; sauvaud@cesr.fr; mparrot@cnrs-orleans.fr
RI Seppala, Annika/C-8031-2014; Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011
OI Seppala, Annika/0000-0002-5028-8220; Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707
FU Finnish Academy; LAPBIAT2 program [RITA-CT-2006-025969]; EPPIC
[PIEF-GA-2009-237461]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
FX The collection, analysis, and interpretation of AARDDVARK data have been
supported by funding from the Finnish Academy. We would also like to
acknowledge the funding of the LAPBIAT2 program (contract
RITA-CT-2006-025969). The work of A. S. was supported by the EPPIC Marie
Curie FP7 project (PIEF-GA-2009-237461). The work of J.A.S. and M. P.
was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). C.J.R.
is a Guest Investigator inside the DEMETER program.
NR 36
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A12304
DI 10.1029/2010JA015638
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 690QT
UT WOS:000285020000010
ER
PT J
AU Rodger, CJ
Carson, BR
Cummer, SA
Gamble, RJ
Clilverd, MA
Green, JC
Sauvaud, JA
Parrot, M
Berthelier, JJ
AF Rodger, Craig J.
Carson, Bonar R.
Cummer, Steven A.
Gamble, Rory J.
Clilverd, Mark A.
Green, Janet C.
Sauvaud, Jean-Andre
Parrot, Michel
Berthelier, Jean-Jacques
TI Contrasting the efficiency of radiation belt losses caused by ducted and
nonducted whistler-mode waves from ground-based transmitters
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; SIGNALS; PRECIPITATION; DEMETER
AB It has long been recognized that whistler-mode waves can be trapped in plasmaspheric whistler ducts which guide the waves. For nonguided cases these waves are said to be "nonducted", which is dominant for L < 1.6. Wave-particle interactions are affected by the wave being ducted or nonducted. In the field-aligned ducted case, first-order cyclotron resonance is dominant, whereas nonducted interactions open up a much wider range of energies through equatorial and off-equatorial resonance. There is conflicting information as to whether the most significant particle loss processes are driven by ducted or nonducted waves. In this study we use loss cone observations from the DEMETER and POES low-altitude satellites to focus on electron losses driven by powerful VLF communications transmitters. Both satellites confirm that there are well-defined enhancements in the flux of electrons in the drift loss cone due to ducted transmissions from the powerful transmitter with call sign NWC. Typically, similar to 80% of DEMETER nighttime orbits to the east of NWC show electron flux enhancements in the drift loss cone, spanning a L range consistent with first-order cyclotron theory, and inconsistent with nonducted resonances. In contrast, similar to 1% or less of nonducted transmissions originate from NPM-generated electron flux enhancements. While the waves originating from these two transmitters have been predicted to lead to similar levels of pitch angle scattering, we find that the enhancements from NPM are at least 50 times smaller than those from NWC. This suggests that lower-latitude, nonducted VLF waves are much less effective in driving radiation belt pitch angle scattering.
C1 [Rodger, Craig J.; Carson, Bonar R.; Gamble, Rory J.] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
[Berthelier, Jean-Jacques] Ctr Etudes Environm Terr & Planetaires, F-94100 St Maur Des Fosses, France.
[Clilverd, Mark A.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England.
[Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Green, Janet C.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Parrot, Michel] Lab Phys & Chim Environm & Espace, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
[Sauvaud, Jean-Andre] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
RP Rodger, CJ (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Phys, POB 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
EM crodger@physics.otago.ac.nz; bonar@physics.otago.ac.nz;
cummer@ee.duke.edu; rgamble@physics.otago.ac.nz; macl@bas.ac.uk;
janet.green@noaa.gov; sauvaud@cesr.fr; mparrot@cnrs-orleans.fr;
jean-jacques.berthelier@cetp.ipsl.fr
RI Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Rodger, Craig/A-1501-2011
OI Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Rodger, Craig/0000-0002-6770-2707
FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); NSF
FX C.J.R. would like to thank Erin Darnton of Christchurch for her support.
The work of J.A.S. and M. P. was supported by the Centre National
d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), while C.J.R. is a Guest Investigator inside
the DEMETER program. S. A. C. was supported by a grant from the NSF
Aeronomy program.
NR 29
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD DEC 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A12208
DI 10.1029/2010JA015880
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 690QT
UT WOS:000285020000016
ER
PT J
AU Chen, MT
Lin, XP
Chang, YP
Chen, YC
Lo, L
Shen, CC
Yokoyama, Y
Oppo, DW
Thompson, WG
Zhang, R
AF Chen, M. -T.
Lin, X. P.
Chang, Y. -P.
Chen, Y. -C.
Lo, L.
Shen, C. -C.
Yokoyama, Y.
Oppo, D. W.
Thompson, W. G.
Zhang, R.
TI Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific
over the past 40,000 years
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST-ASIAN MONSOON; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LAST DEGLACIATION; SULU SEA;
VARIABILITY; OCEAN; LINK; CIRCULATION; ANTARCTICA; GREENLAND
AB Ice core records of polar temperatures and greenhouse gases document abrupt millennial-scale oscillations that suggest the reduction or shutdown of thermohaline Circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic Ocean may induce the abrupt cooling in the northern hemisphere. It remains unknown, however, whether the sea surface temperature (SST) is cooling or warming in the Kuroshio of the Northwestern Pacific during the cooling event. Here we present an AMS C-14-dated foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST record from the central Okinawa Trough and document that the SST variations exhibit two steps of warming since 21 ka - at 14.7 ka and 12.8 ka, and a cooling (similar to 1.5 degrees C) during the interval of the Younger Dryas. By contrast, we observed no SST change or oceanic warming (similar to 1.5-2 degrees C) during the episodes of Northern Hemisphere cooling between similar to 21-40 ka. We therefore suggest that the "Antarctic-like" timing and amplitude of millennial-scale SST variations in the subtropical Northwestern Pacific between 20-40 ka may have been determined by rapid ocean adjustment processes in response to abrupt wind stress and meridional temperature gradient changes in the North Pacific. Citation: Chen, M.-T., X. P. Lin, Y.-P. Chang, Y.-C. Chen, L. Lo, C.-C. Shen, Y. Yokoyama, D. W. Oppo, W. G. Thompson, and R. Zhang (2010), Dynamic millennial-scale climate changes in the northwestern Pacific over the past 40,000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23603, doi:10.1029/2010GL045202.
C1 [Chen, M. -T.; Chang, Y. -P.; Chen, Y. -C.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Appl Geosci, Chilung 20224, Taiwan.
[Lin, X. P.] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China.
[Lo, L.; Shen, C. -C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Yokoyama, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778564, Japan.
[Yokoyama, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kashiwanoha, Chiba 2778564, Japan.
[Yokoyama, Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Biogeosci, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan.
[Oppo, D. W.; Thompson, W. G.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Zhang, R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Chen, MT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Appl Geosci, Chilung 20224, Taiwan.
EM mtchen@ntou.edu.tw
RI Chang, Yuan-Pin/C-1656-2009; Yokoyama, Yusuke/N-9623-2013; Zhang,
Rong/D-9767-2014; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013
OI SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; Chang,
Yuan-Pin/0000-0001-8147-7860; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556;
FU National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan [NSC96-2611-M-019-008,
NSC96-2611-M-019-009, NSC98-2611-M002-006]; Natural Science Foundation
of China [40930844, 40706006]; China's National Basic Research
Priorities Programmer [2005CB422303, 2007CB411804]; 111 Project
[B07036]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
[NECT-07-0781]
FX This research was funded by the National Science Council (NSC), Taiwan
to M.T.C. (NSC96-2611-M-019-008 and NSC96-2611-M-019-009) and C.C.S.
(NSC98-2611-M002-006). X.P.L. was supported by the Natural Science
Foundation of China (40930844 and 40706006), China's National Basic
Research Priorities Programmer (2005CB422303 and 2007CB411804), 111
Project (B07036), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in
University (NECT-07-0781). Special thanks to Lixin Wu for his comments
and data support.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD DEC 3
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L23603
DI 10.1029/2010GL045202
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 690OW
UT WOS:000285015100003
ER
PT J
AU Sun, BM
Reale, A
Seidel, DJ
Hunt, DC
AF Sun, Bomin
Reale, Anthony
Seidel, Dian J.
Hunt, Douglas C.
TI Comparing radiosonde and COSMIC atmospheric profile data to quantify
differences among radiosonde types and the effects of imperfect
collocation on comparison statistics
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED SOUNDER TEMPERATURE; WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; GROUND-BASED
GPS; SATELLITE RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; OCCULTATION; CLIMATE; SENSORS;
ERRORS
AB Collocated global atmospheric temperature, humidity, and refractivity profiles from radiosondes and from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data for April 2008 to October 2009 are compared for two purposes. The first is to quantify the error characteristics of 12 radiosonde types flown in the global operational network, as a function of height and for both day and nighttime observations, for each of the three variables. The second is to determine the effects of imperfect temporal and spatial collocation on the radiosonde-COSMIC differences, for application to the general problem of satellite calibration and validation using in situ sounding data. Statistical analyses of the comparisons reveal differences among radiosonde types in refractivity, relative humidity, and radiation-corrected temperature data. Most of the radiosonde types show a dry bias, particularly in the upper troposphere, with the bias in daytime drier than in nighttime. Weather-scale variability, introduced by collocation time and distance mismatch, affects the comparison of radiosonde and COSMIC data by increasing the standard deviation errors, which are generally proportional to the size of the time and distance mismatch within the collocation window of 6 h and 250 km considered. Globally, in the troposphere (850-200 hPa), the collocation mismatch impacts on the comparison standard deviation errors for temperature are 0.35 K per 3 h and 0.42 K per 100 km and, for relative humidity, are 3.3% per 3 h and 3.1% per 100 km, indicating an approximate equivalence of 3 h to 100 km in terms of mismatch impact.
C1 [Sun, Bomin] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
[Hunt, Douglas C.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Sun, Bomin; Reale, Anthony] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Sun, BM (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, 3206 Tower Oaks Blvd,Ste 300, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
EM bomin.sun@noaa.gov
RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014
OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349
FU NOAA Integrated Program Office (IPO); Joint Polar Satellite System
(JPSS)
FX The authors are grateful to Steve Schroeder (Texas A&M University),
Bradley Ballish and Dennis Keyser (NOAA NCEP), and Carl Bower (NOAA NWS)
for discussions on radiosonde data and instrument characteristics.
Melissa Free and Christoph A. Vogel (NOAA ARL) provided valuable
comments on the revision of this paper. Three anonymous reviewers
suggested important revision to the original manuscript. Thanks also go
to Michael Pettey and Frank Tilley (I. M. Systems Group) for their
technical support. This work was funded by the NOAA Integrated Program
Office (IPO) for Cross-Track Infrared Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS)
Environmental Data Record (EDR) calibration and validation (Cal/Val) in
support of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS).
NR 38
TC 56
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 3
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D23104
DI 10.1029/2010JD014457
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 690PQ
UT WOS:000285017100011
ER
PT J
AU Veres, P
Roberts, JM
Burling, IR
Warneke, C
de Gouw, J
Yokelson, RJ
AF Veres, Patrick
Roberts, James M.
Burling, Ian R.
Warneke, Carsten
de Gouw, Joost
Yokelson, Robert J.
TI Measurements of gas-phase inorganic and organic acids from biomass fires
by negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; NI-PT-CIMS; LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS;
SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; EMISSIONS EXPERIMENT; MOLECULE REACTIONS;
AEROSOL-PARTICLES; BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPICAL FOREST; NITROUS-ACID
AB Emissions from 34 laboratory biomass fires were investigated at the combustion facility of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. Gas-phase organic and inorganic acids were quantified using negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS), open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). NI-PT-CIMS is a novel technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions generated from reactions of acetate (CH3C(O)O-) ions with inorganic and organic acids. The emission ratios for various important reactive acids with respect to CO were determined. Emission ratios for isocyanic acid (HNCO), 1,2 and 1,3-benzenediols (catechol, resorcinol), nitrous acid (HONO), acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, propionic acid, formic acid, pyruvic acid, and glycolic acid were measured from biomass burning. Our measurements show that there is a significant amount of HONO in fresh smoke. The NI-PT-CIMS measurements were validated by comparison with OP-FTIR measurements of HONO and formic acid (HCOOH) and with PTR-MS measurements of HCOOH.
C1 [Veres, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Veres, Patrick; Roberts, James M.; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Burling, Ian R.; Yokelson, Robert J.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Veres, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM patrick.veres@noaa.gov
RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Yokelson,
Robert/C-9971-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; de Gouw,
Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Yokelson,
Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; de Gouw,
Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826;
FU CIRES innovative research program; NSF [ATM1542457]; Strategic
Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1649]
FX The authors would like to thank David Weise, Timothy Johnson, and David
Cocker for their coordination of the FSL experiments. We also want to
thank those from the national forest service who helped coordinate the
preburn and postburn fuel management and field collection of the fuels
used. The CIRES innovative research program and NSF grant ATM1542457
supported the NOAA portion of this research. We also thank the Strategic
Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) sustainable
infrastructure program, project SI-1649, for their support.
NR 54
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 4
U2 65
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD DEC 3
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D23302
DI 10.1029/2010JD014033
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 690PQ
UT WOS:000285017100006
ER
PT J
AU Tung, S
Lamporesi, G
Lobser, D
Xia, L
Cornell, EA
AF Tung, S.
Lamporesi, G.
Lobser, D.
Xia, L.
Cornell, E. A.
TI Observation of the Presuperfluid Regime in a Two-Dimensional Bose Gas
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CONTINUOUS SYMMETRY GROUP; LONG-RANGE ORDER; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION;
SYSTEMS; DESTRUCTION
AB In complementary images of coordinate-space and momentum-space density in a trapped 2D Bose gas, we observe the emergence of presuperfluid behavior. As phase-space density rho increases toward degenerate values, we observe a gradual divergence of the compressibility kappa from the value predicted by a bare-atom model, kappa(ba).kappa/kappa(ba) grows to 1.7 before rho reaches the value for which we observe the sudden emergence of a spike at p = 0 in momentum space. Momentum-space images are acquired by means of a 2D focusing technique. Our data represent the first observation of non-mean-field physics in the presuperfluid but degenerate 2D Bose gas.
C1 [Tung, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Tung, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Lamporesi, Giacomo/H-7226-2012; Xia, Lin/E-1903-2017
OI Lamporesi, Giacomo/0000-0002-3491-4738;
FU NSF; ONR
FX We are very pleased to acknowledge useful conversations with Z.
Hadzibabic, J. Dalibard, W. Phillips, M. Holzmann, C. Chin, A.
Imambekov, L.-K. Lim, and V. Gurarie. This work was supported by NSF and
ONR.
NR 22
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD DEC 3
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 23
AR 230408
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.230408
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 713KL
UT WOS:000286736800004
PM 21231437
ER
PT J
AU Blight, LK
Ainley, DG
Ackley, SF
Ballard, G
Ballerini, T
Brownell, RL
Cheng, CHC
Chiantore, M
Costa, D
Coulter, MC
Dayton, P
Devries, AL
Dunbar, R
Earle, S
Eastman, JT
Emslie, SD
Evans, CW
Garrott, RA
Kim, S
Kooyman, G
Lescroel, A
Lizotte, M
Massaro, M
Olmastroni, S
Ponganis, PJ
Russell, J
Siniff, DB
Smith, WO
Stewart, BS
Stirling, I
Willis, J
Wilson, P
Woehler, EJ
AF Blight, Louise K.
Ainley, David G.
Ackley, Stephen F.
Ballard, Grant
Ballerini, Tosca
Brownell, Robert L., Jr.
Cheng, C-H Christina
Chiantore, Mariachiara
Costa, Daniel
Coulter, Malcolm C.
Dayton, Paul
Devries, Arthur L.
Dunbar, Robert
Earle, Sylvia
Eastman, Joseph T.
Emslie, Steven D.
Evans, Clive W.
Garrott, Robert A.
Kim, Stacy
Kooyman, Gerald
Lescroel, Amelie
Lizotte, Michael
Massaro, Melanie
Olmastroni, Silvia
Ponganis, Paul J.
Russell, Joellen
Siniff, Donald B.
Smith, Walker O., Jr.
Stewart, Brent S.
Stirling, Ian
Willis, Jay
Wilson, Peter
Woehler, Eric J.
TI Fishing for Data in the Ross Sea
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID ANTARCTIC TOOTHFISH; ECOSYSTEM
C1 [Blight, Louise K.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
[Ainley, David G.] HT Harvey & Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA.
[Ackley, Stephen F.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
[Ballard, Grant] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Ballerini, Tosca] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
[Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Cheng, C-H Christina; Devries, Arthur L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Chiantore, Mariachiara] Univ Genoa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy.
[Costa, Daniel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Coulter, Malcolm C.] Specialist Grp Storks Ibises & Spoonbills, Chocorua, NH 03817 USA.
[Dayton, Paul; Kooyman, Gerald; Ponganis, Paul J.] Univ Calif, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Dunbar, Robert] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Earle, Sylvia] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20090 USA.
[Eastman, Joseph T.] Ohio Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Emslie, Steven D.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA.
[Evans, Clive W.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
[Garrott, Robert A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Kim, Stacy] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95062 USA.
[Lescroel, Amelie] Univ Rennes 1, UMR 7204, Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-35042 Rennes, France.
[Lizotte, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Sustainabil Off, Oshkosh, WI 54902 USA.
[Massaro, Melanie] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci & Gateway Antarctica, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
[Olmastroni, Silvia] Univ Siena, Dept Environm Sci, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
[Russell, Joellen] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Siniff, Donald B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
[Smith, Walker O., Jr.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA.
[Stewart, Brent S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA.
[Stirling, Ian] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
[Willis, Jay] HR Wallingford Ltd, Wallingford OX10 8BA, Oxon, England.
[Woehler, Eric J.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia.
RP Blight, LK (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Ctr Appl Conservat Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
EM lkblight@interchange.ubc.ca
RI Eastman, Joseph/A-9786-2008
NR 13
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 26
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD DEC 3
PY 2010
VL 330
IS 6009
BP 1316
EP 1316
DI 10.1126/science.330.6009.1316
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 689BK
UT WOS:000284902100008
PM 21127229
ER
PT J
AU Tsao, CS
Li, M
Zhang, Y
Leao, JB
Chiang, WS
Chung, TY
Tzeng, YR
Yu, MS
Chen, SH
AF Tsao, Cheng-Si
Li, Mingda
Zhang, Yang
Leao, Juscelino B.
Chiang, Wei-Shan
Chung, Tsui-Yun
Tzeng, Yi-Ren
Yu, Ming-Sheng
Chen, Sow-Hsin
TI Probing the Room Temperature Spatial Distribution of Hydrogen in
Nanoporous Carbon by Use of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; STORAGE CAPACITY;
NANOPARTICLES; NANOSPACES; ADSORPTION; MICROPORE; SPILLOVER; MECHANISM;
PLATINUM
AB The spatial distribution of hydrogen physically adsorbed in a nanoporous carbon at room temperature (RT) as a function of H-2 gas pressure is investigated for the first time using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). A hierarchical pore structure consisting of micropores and a fractal mesopore network of the used activated carbon is also studied to correlate the relationship between the spatial distribution of hydrogen and the pore confinement. The cylinder-like cluster of aggregated hydrogen is formed and is confined in the disklike micropore. The evolution of spatial structures of adsorbed hydrogen with hydrogen pressure is elucidated. A direct experimental observation of the spatial distribution and the behavior of hydrogen adsorbed in the porous materials at RT is still scarce to date. The analysis results obtained by SANS provide new information for the future investigations of the RT storage mechanism of hydrogen in the nanoporous materials developed for the purpose of on-board hydrogen storage.
C1 [Tsao, Cheng-Si; Li, Mingda; Zhang, Yang; Chiang, Wei-Shan; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Tsao, Cheng-Si; Chung, Tsui-Yun; Tzeng, Yi-Ren; Yu, Ming-Sheng] Inst Nucl Energy Res, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan.
[Leao, Juscelino B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Zhang, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Neutron Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM sowhsin@mit.edu
RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012
OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342
FU DOE [DE-FG02-90ER45429]
FX The research at MIT is supported by DOE Grants DE-FG02-90ER45429. We
greatly appreciate technical assistance of Dr. Yun Liu during this
experiment. We thank NIST Center for Neutron Research for allocation of
neutron beam time in NG-7 SANS. C.-S.T. acknowledges the hospitality of
the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering of MIT during his stay
as a Visiting Scientist.
NR 24
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 23
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1932-7447
J9 J PHYS CHEM C
JI J. Phys. Chem. C
PD DEC 2
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 47
BP 19895
EP 19900
DI 10.1021/jp1055039
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 683ET
UT WOS:000284455200003
ER
PT J
AU Sansonetti, JE
Curry, JJ
AF Sansonetti, J. E.
Curry, J. J.
TI Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectra
of Barium, (Ba (III) through Ba (LVI))
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RELATIVISTIC
MANY-BODY; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; NE-LIKE IONS; EQUAL-TO 92; MAGNETIC-DIPOLE
TRANSITIONS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; SODIUM-LIKE IONS
AB Energy levels, with designations and uncertainties, have been compiled for the spectra of barium (Z=56) ions from doubly ionized to hydrogenlike. Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities are also tabulated. In addition, ground states and ionization energies are listed. For many ionization stages experimental data are available; however, for those for which only theoretical calculations or fitted values exist, these are reported. There are a few ionization stages for which only a calculated ionization potential is available. (C) 2010 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved.. [doi: 10.1063/1.3432516]
C1 [Sansonetti, J. E.; Curry, J. J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jean.sansonetti@nist.gov
NR 175
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 39
IS 4
AR 043103
DI 10.1063/1.3432516
PG 99
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 700UJ
UT WOS:000285769500003
ER
PT J
AU Remley, KA
AF Remley, Kate A.
TI A Little Friendly Competition
SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.
EM microwave.editor@ieee.org
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1527-3342
J9 IEEE MICROW MAG
JI IEEE Microw. Mag.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 7
BP 6
EP +
DI 10.1109/MMM.2010.939012
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA 685BK
UT WOS:000284598800001
ER
PT J
AU Moore, S
Schantz, M
MacCrehan, W
AF Moore, Stephanie
Schantz, Michele
MacCrehan, William
TI Characterization of Three Types of Semtex (H, 1A, and 10)
SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (EGDN); Hexahydro 1 3,5 Trinitro 1,3,5 Tnazine
(RDX); Pentraerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN); Semtex; Solid Phase
Microextraction (SPME)
ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; EXPLOSIVES; ANTIOXIDANTS; STABILIZERS
AB Solid phase microextraction and solvent extraction were used with GC/MS to determine the vapor and compositional profile of three samples of Semtex (1A H and 10) Semtex is reported to contain PETN and/or RDX, along with plasticizers, binding materials, and fuel oil components In an effort to differentiate and compare these three variations of Semtex this report summarizes the headspace and solvent extraction results for each material Components that can be used to differentiate varieties of Semtex were identified and all three Semtex profiles were distinguished
C1 [Moore, Stephanie] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA.
[Schantz, Michele; MacCrehan, William] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Moore, S (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 1710 SAIC Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA.
FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate
[HSHQDC 09 X 00424]
FX The authors would like to thank the Department of Homeland Security
Science and Technology Directorate, contract HSHQDC 09 X 00424, for
funding this project The authors would also like to thank Michelle
Reardon, BATFE for providing the Semtex sample donations In addition, a
special thanks to Bruce Benner for his knowledge and assistance
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0721-3115
J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT
JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 6
BP 540
EP 549
DI 10.1002/prep.200900100
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA 702LZ
UT WOS:000285897500006
ER
PT J
AU Chen, YA
Mojarradi, M
Suehle, J
Westergard, L
AF Chen, Yuan
Mojarradi, Mohammad
Suehle, John
Westergard, Lynett
TI Introduction to the Extreme Environment Technology and Reliability
Special Issue
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Chen, Yuan] NASA, Hampton, VA USA.
[Mojarradi, Mohammad] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Suehle, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Westergard, Lynett] ON Semicond, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA.
RP Chen, YA (reprint author), NASA, Hampton, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1530-4388
J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE
JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 417
EP 417
DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2088810
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 712PZ
UT WOS:000286680000001
ER
PT J
AU Yu, LCC
Dunne, GT
Matocha, KS
Cheung, KP
Suehle, JS
Sheng, KA
AF Yu, Liangchun C.
Dunne, Greg T.
Matocha, Kevin S.
Cheung, Kin P.
Suehle, John S.
Sheng, Kuang
TI Reliability Issues of SiC MOSFETs: A Technology for High-Temperature
Environments
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Activation energy; double-implanted metaloxide-semiconductor (MOS)
field-effect transistor (MOSFET) (DMOSFET); high temperature; MOS
reliability; silicon carbide (SiC); time-dependent dielectric breakdown
(TDDB); Weibull slope
ID DEPENDENT-DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; 4H-SIC MOS CAPACITORS; THERMAL OXIDES;
IMPACT IONIZATION; GATE; DEVICES; SILICON; SIO2; ELECTRONICS;
INSTABILITY
AB The wide-bandgap nature of silicon carbide (SiC) makes it an excellent candidate for applications where high temperature is required. The metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-controlled power devices are the most favorable structure; however, it is widely believed that silicon oxide on SiC is physically limited, particularly at high temperatures. Therefore, experimental measurements of long-term reliability of oxide at high temperatures are necessary. In this paper, time-dependent dielectric-breakdown measurements are performed on state-of-the-art 4H-SiC MOS capacitors and double-implanted MOS field-effect transistors (DMOSFET) with stress temperatures between 225 degrees C and 375 degrees C and stress electric fields between 6 and 10 MV/cm. The field-acceleration factor is around 1.5 dec/(MV/cm) for all of the temperatures. The thermal activation energy is found to be similar to 0.9 eV, independent of the electric field. The area dependence of Weibull slope is discussed and shown to be a possible indication that the oxide quality has not reached the intrinsic regime and further oxide-reliability improvements are possible. Since our reliability data contradict the widely accepted belief that silicon oxide on SiC is fundamentally limited by its smaller conduction-band offset compared with Si, a detailed discussion is provided to examine the arguments of the early predictions.
C1 [Yu, Liangchun C.; Dunne, Greg T.; Matocha, Kevin S.] Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA.
[Sheng, Kuang] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Yu, Liangchun C.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Yu, LCC (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA.
EM liangchun..yu@nist.gov; dunne@research.ge.com; matocha@research.ge.com;
kin.cheung@nist.gov; john.suehle@nist.gov; shengk@zju.edu.cn
FU Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) at the National Institute of
Standards and Technology
FX Manuscript received January 23, 2010; revised May 8, 2010 and July 29,
2010; accepted August 25, 2010. Date of publication September 20, 2010;
date of current version January 26, 2011. This work was supported by the
Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) at the National Institute of
Standards and Technology.
NR 41
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 8
U2 37
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1530-4388
J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE
JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 418
EP 426
DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2077295
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 712PZ
UT WOS:000286680000002
ER
PT J
AU Campbell, JP
Cheung, KP
Suehle, JS
Oates, AS
AF Campbell, J. P.
Cheung, Kin P.
Suehle, John S.
Oates, Anthony S.
TI The Role of High-Field Stress in the Negative-Bias Temperature
Instability
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Electron trapping; high-field stress; hole trapping; negative-bias
temperature instability (NBTI)
ID INTERFACE-TRAP GENERATION; V-T-MEASUREMENTS; ON-THE-FLY; NBTI
DEGRADATION; P-MOSFETS; PHYSICAL ORIGIN; MOS DEVICES; OXIDE; CHARGE;
TRANSIENT
AB In this paper, a fast drain-current measurement methodology which supports the standard threshold voltage and transconductance extractions associated with the fast dynamic negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) is presented. Using this methodology, we show that production quality transistors exhibit only minimal degradation after a brief stress at moderate to high dielectric fields (contrary to the excessive degradation reported in the recent literature). The degradation at stress conditions which are consistent with many recent NBTI studies is shown to be dominated by high-field stress, instead of NBTI. The ability to extract transconductance from fast drain-current measurements helps to identify the existence of a latent electron trapping/detrapping component which provides further support of a degradation mechanism dominated by high-field stress. This high-field-stress component, while dominating, has not been accounted for in most of the recent NBTI literature.
C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Oates, Anthony S.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Co Ltd, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan.
RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kpckpc@ieee.org; john.suehle@nist.gov;
aoates@tsmc.com
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of
Microelectronic; National Research Council
FX Manuscript received April 7, 2010; revised June 11, 2010; accepted July
26, 2010. Date of publication August 9, 2010; date of current version
January 26, 2011. This work was supported by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronic Programs.; The
research was performed while J. P. Campbell held a National Research
Council Research Associate Award.
NR 51
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1530-4388
J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE
JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 4
BP 482
EP 491
DI 10.1109/TDMR.2010.2064314
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 712PZ
UT WOS:000286680000008
ER
PT J
AU Marvasti, A
AF Marvasti, Akbar
TI Occupational Safety and English Language Proficiency
SO JOURNAL OF LABOR RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Occupational safety; Language proficiency
ID WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS; ETHNIC ENCLAVES; EARNINGS RISK; IMMIGRANTS; WORKER;
COMPENSATION; QUEBEC
AB Recent occupational injury data shows a rising trend, which happens to coincide with both increases in the foreign-born population in the U.S. and changes in its composition. This study aims to explore the presence of a statistical relationship between occupational injuries and the level of English proficiency of foreign-born using cross-sectional data on the rate of injury and count of injury incidents. A cultural gap hypothesis is also examined as an alternative explanation for the rise in work injuries. While there is some support for the adverse effect of inadequate English language proficiency of foreign-born, the results for the cultural gap hypothesis are more robust.
C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM Akbar.Marvasti@noaa.gov
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 27
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-3613
J9 J LABOR RES
JI J. Labor Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 4
BP 332
EP 347
DI 10.1007/s12122-010-9096-z
PG 16
WC Industrial Relations & Labor
SC Business & Economics
GA 700PB
UT WOS:000285755200003
ER
PT J
AU Liu, G
Wong-Ng, W
Yang, Z
Kaduk, JA
Cook, LP
AF Liu, G.
Wong-Ng, W.
Yang, Z.
Kaduk, J. A.
Cook, L. P.
TI Phase equilibria of the Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O system for coated conductor
applications
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O phase diagrams; (Ba(2-x)Sm(x))(Sm(1-y)Y(y))Cu(3)O(6+z)
solid solution; Coated conductors
ID BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES;
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HTS WIRE; Y2BACUO5; DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTORS;
FABRICATION; DENSITY
AB The complex phase relationships near the BaO-poor region of the quaternary Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O oxide system prepared in pure air (po(2), =22 kPa, 950 degrees C) and in 0.1% O(2) (po(2) =100 Pa, 810 degrees C) have been determined. This investigation also included the subsolidus compatibilities in ten subsystems (Ba-Sm-Y-O, Ba-Sm-Cu-O, Ba-Y-Cu-O, Sm-Y-Cu-O, Ba-Sm-O, Ba-Y-O, Ba-Cu-O, Sm-Y-O, Sm-Cu-O, and Y-Cu-O), and the homogeneity range of five solid solutions (Ba(Sm(x)Y(2-x))CuO(5), (Sm,Y)(2)O(3), (Sm,Y)(2)CuO(4). (Y,Sm)(2)Cu(2)O(5), and Ba(Sm,Y)(2)O(4)). The single phase range of the superconductor solid solution, (Ba(2-x)Sm(x))(Sm(1-y)Y(y))Cu(3)O(6+z), and the phase compatibilities in its vicinity, which are particularly important for processing, are described in detail. The phase equilibrium data of the Ba-Sm-Y-Cu-O system will enable the improvement of the intrinsic superconducting properties of second-generation wires, and facilitate the flux-pinning process. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Liu, G.; Wong-Ng, W.; Yang, Z.; Cook, L. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kaduk, J. A.] Poly Crystallog Inc, Naperville, IL 60540 USA.
[Cook, L. P.] PhazePro Technol LLC, Hustontown, PA 17229 USA.
RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov
FU US Department of Energy
FX The authors acknowledge the partial financial support from the US
Department of Energy and also from the International Centre for
Diffraction Data. Mr. N. Swanson is thanked for his graphical
assistance.
NR 36
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 183
IS 12
BP 2855
EP 2861
DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.09.001
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 696GY
UT WOS:000285431100015
ER
PT J
AU Duque, JG
Chen, H
Swan, AK
Haroz, EH
Kono, J
Tu, XM
Zheng, M
Doorn, SK
AF Duque, Juan G.
Chen, Hang
Swan, Anna K.
Haroz, Erik H.
Kono, Junichiro
Tu, Xiaomin
Zheng, Ming
Doorn, Stephen K.
TI Revealing new electronic behaviours in the Raman spectra of
chirality-enriched carbon nanotube ensembles
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 24th International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel
Materials - Molecular Nanostructures (IWEPNM 2010)
CY MAR 06-13, 2010
CL Tirol, AUSTRIA
DE carbon nanotube; G band; Raman; resonance profile; separations
ID SPECTROSCOPY
AB We present Raman spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that are enriched in metallic species by density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) and enriched in single semiconducting chiralities through DNA-based separations. Radial breathing mode (RBM) spectra demonstrate that DGU samples are highly enriched in armchair chiralities. The enrichment allows acquisition of pure G-band spectra of the armchair SWNTs and reveals that the LO mode is absent in these structures. Raman excitation profiles for the G-band in nearly pure (10,2) samples reveals a strong asymmetry in the intensities of the resonance coupling to incident and scattered photons. The experimental data may be fit using a four-level molecular model for Raman scattering and the strong asymmetry can be understood as a consequence of the presence of non-Condon effects. The result requires a reassessment of the assumption that the incident and scattered resonances are equivalent. The consequences of such non-Condon effects on other SWNT electronic and optical processes will be an important topic for future study. (c) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [Duque, Juan G.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Chen, Hang; Swan, Anna K.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Haroz, Erik H.; Kono, Junichiro] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.
[Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS-K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM skdoorn@lanl.gov
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 15
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0370-1972
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B
JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 247
IS 11-12
BP 2768
EP 2773
DI 10.1002/pssb.201000350
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 701EZ
UT WOS:000285798400033
ER
PT J
AU Forbes, C
Luettich, RA
Mattocks, CA
Westerink, JJ
AF Forbes, Cristina
Luettich, Richard A., Jr.
Mattocks, Craig A.
Westerink, Joannes J.
TI A Retrospective Evaluation of the Storm Surge Produced by Hurricane
Gustav (2008): Forecast and Hindcast Results
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID REAL-TIME; MODEL; SYSTEM; WIND
AB The evolution and convergence of modeled storm surge were examined using a high-resolution implementation of the Advanced Circulation Coastal Ocean and Storm Surge (ADCIRC) model for Hurricane Gustav (2008). The storm surge forecasts were forced using an asymmetric gradient wind model (AWM), directly coupled to ADCIRC at every time step and at every grid node. A total of 20 forecast advisories and best-track data from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) were used as input parameters into the wind model. Differences in maximum surge elevations were evaluated for ensembles comprised of the final 20, 15, 10, and 5 forecast advisories plus the best track. For this particular storm, the final 10-12 forecast advisories, encompassing the last 2.5-3 days of the storm's lifetime, give a reasonable estimate of the final storm surge and inundation. The results provide a detailed perspective of the variability in the storm surge due to variability in the meteorological forecast and how this changes as the storm approaches landfall. This finding is closely tied to the consistency and accuracy of the NHC storm track forecasts and the predicted landfall location and, therefore, cannot be generalized to all storms in all locations. Nevertheless, this first attempt to translate variability in forecast meteorology into storm surge variability provides useful insights for guiding the potential use of storm surge models for forecast purposes. Model skill was also evaluated for Hurricane Gustav by comparing observed water levels with hindcast modeled water levels forced by river flow, tides, and several sources of wind data. The AWM(which ingested best-track information from NHC) generated winds that were slightly higher than those from NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD) H*Wind analyses and substantially greater than the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model. Surge obtained using the AWM more closely matched the observed water levels than that computed using H*Wind; however, this may be due to the neglect of the contribution of wave setup to the surge, especially in exposed areas. Several geographically distinct storm surge response regimes, some characterized by multisurge pulses, were identified and described.
C1 [Forbes, Cristina; Luettich, Richard A., Jr.] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC USA.
[Mattocks, Craig A.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Morehead City Field Site, Morehead City, NC USA.
[Westerink, Joannes J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, South Bend, IN USA.
RP Forbes, C (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, Storm Surge Unit, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA.
EM cristina.forbes@noaa.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0620791]; NOAA [NA07NOS4730212]; US
Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ND 0001]
FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation Grant
DMS-0620791, NOAA IOOS Grant NA07NOS4730212, and the US Department of
Homeland Security under Award 2008-ST-061-ND 0001. The views and
conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and
should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official
policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Department of
Homeland Security. Simulations were run on Louisiana State University's
QueenBee and the University of North Carolina's Topsail supercomputing
clusters.
NR 40
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
EI 1520-0434
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 6
BP 1577
EP 1602
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222416.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702AS
UT WOS:000285867000001
ER
PT J
AU Varmer, O
Gray, J
Alberg, D
AF Varmer, Ole
Gray, Jefferson
Alberg, David
TI United States: Responses to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection
of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
SO JOURNAL OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Underwater cultural heritage; Salvage; 2001 UNESCO convention; Law of
the Sea
AB While the US is not a signatory to the 2001 UNESCO Convention, much progress has been made by US agencies to implement its Rules and principles. The US signed an Agreement on Titanic with Rules that are nearly identical to the UNESCO Convention. US agencies have also expressed support for the Rules and their implementation into their programs. This paper identifies these positive actions as well as the two primary concerns that have prevented the US from signing the Convention to date: (1) "creeping coastal State jurisdiction" and (2) treatment of sunken state vessels.
C1 [Varmer, Ole] US Dept Commerce, Off Gen Counsel Int Law Natl Ocean & Atmospher Ad, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
[Alberg, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Monitor Natl Marine Sanctuary, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Gray, Jefferson] Thunder Bay Natl Martine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI 49707 USA.
[Varmer, Ole] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Gen Counsel Int Law, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
RP Varmer, O (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Off Gen Counsel Int Law Natl Ocean & Atmospher Ad, Herbert C Hoover Bldg,Room 7837,14th St & Constit, Washington, DC 20230 USA.
EM Ole.Varmer@noaa.gov
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1557-2285
J9 J MARIT ARCHAEOL
JI J. Marit. Archaeol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 2
BP 129
EP 141
DI 10.1007/s11457-010-9070-1
PG 13
WC Archaeology
SC Archaeology
GA 696WN
UT WOS:000285472200006
ER
PT J
AU O'Connor, B
Chan, EP
Chan, C
Conrad, BR
Richter, LJ
Kline, RJ
Heeney, M
McCulloch, I
Soles, CL
DeLongchamp, DM
AF O'Connor, Brendan
Chan, Edwin P.
Chan, Calvin
Conrad, Brad R.
Richter, Lee J.
Kline, R. Joseph
Heeney, Martin
McCulloch, Iain
Soles, Christopher L.
DeLongchamp, Dean M.
TI Correlations between Mechanical and Electrical Properties of
Polythiophenes
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE organic electronics; P3HT; pBTTT; flexible electronics; elastic modulus
ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; CARRIER MOBILITY;
ELASTIC-MODULI; PERFORMANCE; ORDER; OXIDE
AB The elastic moduli of polythiophenes, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and poly-(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]ithiophene) (pBTTT), are compared to their field effect mobility showing a proportional trend. The elastic moduli of the films are measured using a buckling-based metrology, and the mobility is determined from the electrical characteristics of bottom contact thin film transistors. Moreover, the crack onset strain of pBTTT films is shown to be less than 2.5%, whereas that of P3HT is greater than 150%. These results show that increased long-range order in polythiophene semiconductors, which is generally thought to be essential for improved charge mobility, can also stiffen and enbrittle the film. This work highlights the critical role of quantitative mechanical property measurements in guiding the development of flexible organic semiconductors.
C1 [O'Connor, Brendan; Chan, Edwin P.; Chan, Calvin; Conrad, Brad R.; Richter, Lee J.; Kline, R. Joseph; Soles, Christopher L.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Heeney, Martin; McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England.
RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov
RI Chan, Calvin/A-5772-2008; Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Chan,
Edwin/G-1904-2011; O'Connor, Brendan/K-8640-2012; Heeney,
Martin/O-1916-2013; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016;
OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724;
Conrad, Brad/0000-0001-5192-2441
FU NIST National Research Council
FX The authors thank Christopher M. Stafford for helpful conversations.
B.O., E.C., C.C., and B.C. would like to acknowledge the NIST National
Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program.
NR 33
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 10
U2 59
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 12
BP 7538
EP 7544
DI 10.1021/nn1018768
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA 696NW
UT WOS:000285449100062
PM 21080648
ER
PT J
AU Lee, JJW
Morris, D
Constantino, PJ
Lucas, PW
Smith, TM
Lawn, BR
AF Lee, James J. -W.
Morris, Dylan
Constantino, Paul J.
Lucas, Peter W.
Smith, Tanya M.
Lawn, Brian R.
TI Properties of tooth enamel in great apes
SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Enamel; Modulus of elasticity; Hardness; Fracture; Tooth mechanics
ID MOLAR ENAMEL; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DENTAL ENAMEL;
BITE FORCE; THICKNESS; INDENTATION; FRACTURE; FAILURE; EVOLUTION
AB A comparative study has been made of human and great ape molar tooth enamel. Nanoindentation techniques are used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer tooth surface. The measured data profiles overlap between species, suggesting a degree of commonality in material properties. Using established deformation and fracture relations, critical loads to produce function-threatening damage in the enamel of each species are calculated for characteristic tooth sizes and enamel thicknesses. The results suggest that differences in load-bearing capacity of molar teeth in primates are less a function of underlying material properties than of morphology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Lee, James J. -W.; Morris, Dylan; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Constantino, Paul J.; Lucas, Peter W.; Lawn, Brian R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC USA.
[Smith, Tanya M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Human Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Lee, JJW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM james.lee@nist.gov
OI Constantino, Paul/0000-0003-3397-7961
FU NIST Internal Review Board; National Science Foundation [0851351];
National Research Council; George Washington University
FX Human and great ape tooth specimens were on loan to Lawrence Martin
(Stony Brook University) by the Natural History Museum, London. Approval
to test these specimens was granted by the NIST Internal Review Board.
This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation
(grant 0851351), by a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship
(J.J.-W.L.) and by the George Washington University Research Enhancement
Fund (P.C.). Product and suppliers' names in this paper do not imply
endorsement by NIST.
NR 54
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1742-7061
J9 ACTA BIOMATER
JI Acta Biomater.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 12
BP 4560
EP 4565
DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.07.023
PG 6
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA 682EX
UT WOS:000284385300012
PM 20656077
ER
PT J
AU Bisceglia, KJ
Roberts, AL
Schantz, MM
Lippa, KA
AF Bisceglia, Kevin J.
Roberts, A. Lynn
Schantz, Michele M.
Lippa, Katrice A.
TI Quantification of drugs of abuse in municipal wastewater via SPE and
direct injection liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Wastewater; Illicit drugs; Urinary metabolites; LC/MS/MS; Direct
injection; SPE
ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY;
SURFACE-WATER; ILLICIT DRUGS; WHOLE-BLOOD; METABOLITES; COCAINE; URINE;
PHARMACEUTICALS; BELGIUM
AB We present an isotopic-dilution direct injection reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 23 drugs of abuse, drug metabolites, and human-use markers in municipal wastewater. The method places particular emphasis on cocaine; it includes 11 of its metabolites to facilitate assessment of routes of administration and to enhance the accuracy of estimates of cocaine consumption. Four opioids (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone) are also included, along with five phenylamine drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, methylbenzodioxolyl-butanamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine) and two human-use markers (cotinine and creatinine). The method is sufficiently sensitive to directly quantify (without preconcentration) 18 analytes in wastewater at concentrations less than 50 ng/L. We also present a modified version of this method that incorporates solid-phase extraction to further enhance sensitivity. The method includes a confirmatory LC separation (selected by evaluating 13 unique chromatographic phases) that has been evaluated using National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1511 Multi-Drugs of Abuse in Freeze-Dried Urine. Seven analytes (ecgonine methyl ester, ecgonine ethyl ester, anhydroecgonine methyl ester, m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine, p-hydroxybenzoyl-ecgonine, ecgonine, and anhydroecgonine) were detected for the first time in a wastewater sample.
C1 [Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Schantz, Michele M.; Lippa, Katrice A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bisceglia, Kevin J.; Roberts, A. Lynn] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Lippa, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM katrice.lippa@nist.gov
RI Roberts, A. Lynn/A-3295-2010
NR 43
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 43
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 398
IS 6
BP 2701
EP 2712
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4191-9
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 672ML
UT WOS:000283588600030
PM 20865408
ER
PT J
AU Cleveland, D
Long, SE
Sander, LC
Davis, WC
Murphy, KE
Case, RJ
Rimmer, CA
Francini, L
Patri, AK
AF Cleveland, Danielle
Long, Stephen E.
Sander, Lane C.
Davis, W. Clay
Murphy, Karen E.
Case, Ryan J.
Rimmer, Catherine A.
Francini, Lorena
Patri, Anil K.
TI Chromatographic methods for the quantification of free and chelated
gadolinium species in MRI contrast agent formulations
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Gadolinium speciation; MRI contrast agent formulations; Species-specific
isotope dilution analysis; ICP-MS; Fluorescence detection; High-pressure
size-exclusion chromatography; Reversed-phase chromatography;
Nanoemulsion; DTPA-DMPE; Liposome
ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ICP-MS; NANOEMULSION FORMULATIONS;
ACID COMPLEX; TUMOR-CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; RELAXIVITY; SPECIATION; WATER;
GD3+
AB Speciation measurements of gadolinium in liposomal MRI contrast agents (CAs) are complicated by the presence of emulsifiers, surfactants, and therapeutic agents in the formulations. The present paper describes two robust, hyphenated chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of gadolinium in nanoemulsion-based CA formulations. Three potential species of gadolinium, free gadolinium ion, gadolinium chelated by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and gadolinium chelated by 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, were present in the CA formulations. The species were separated by reversed-phase chromatography (reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC) or by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). For RP-HPLC, fluorescence detection and post-column online isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) were used to measure the amount of gadolinium in each species. Online ID-ICP-MS and species-specific isotope dilution (SID)-ICP-MS were used in combination with the HPSEC column. The results indicated that some inter-species conversions and degradation had occurred within the samples and that SID-ICP-MS should be used to provide the most reliable measurements of total and speciated gadolinium. However, fluorescence and online ID-ICP-MS might usefully be applied as qualitative, rapid screening procedures for the presence of free gadolinium ions.
C1 [Cleveland, Danielle; Long, Stephen E.; Sander, Lane C.; Murphy, Karen E.; Case, Ryan J.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Francini, Lorena] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Davis, W. Clay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Patri, Anil K.] NCI, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
RP Long, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM stephen.long@nist.gov
RI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012;
OI Cleveland, Danielle/0000-0003-3880-4584
NR 23
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 28
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 398
IS 7-8
BP 2987
EP 2995
DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4226-2
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 684HZ
UT WOS:000284542300025
PM 20890749
ER
PT J
AU Farkas, DM
Zozulya, A
Anderson, DZ
AF Farkas, D. M.
Zozulya, A.
Anderson, D. Z.
TI A compact microchip atomic clock based on all-optical interrogation of
ultra-cold trapped Rb atoms
SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAMAN TRANSITION; RAMSEY FRINGES; BEAM; CHIP
AB We propose a compact atomic clock that uses all-optical interrogation of ultra-cold Rb atoms that are magnetically trapped near the surface of an atom microchip. The interrogation scheme, which combines electromagnetically induced transparency with Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields, can achieve an atomic shot-noise-level performance better than 10(-13)/root tau for 10(6) atoms. A two-color Mach-Zehnder interferometer can detect a 100-pW probe beam at the optical shot-noise level using conventional photodetectors. This measurement scheme is nondestructive and therefore can be used to increase the operational duty cycle by reusing the trapped atoms for multiple clock cycles. Numerical calculations of the density matrix equations are used to identify realistic operating parameters at which AC Stark shifts are eliminated. By considering fluctuations in these parameters, we estimate that AC Stark shifts can be canceled to a level better than 2x10(-14). An overview of the apparatus is presented with estimates of cycle time and power consumption.
C1 [Farkas, D. M.; Anderson, D. Z.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Farkas, D. M.; Anderson, D. Z.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Zozulya, A.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.
RP Anderson, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM dana@jila.colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center
[PHY-0551010]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation
through a Physics Frontier Center (PHY-0551010).
NR 42
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 13
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0946-2171
EI 1432-0649
J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O
JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 101
IS 4
BP 705
EP 721
DI 10.1007/s00340-010-4267-4
PG 17
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 687IE
UT WOS:000284771400002
ER
PT J
AU Gibson, SE
Kucera, TA
Rastawicki, D
Dove, J
De Toma, G
Hao, J
Hill, S
Hudson, HS
Marque, C
McIntosh, PS
Rachmeler, L
Reeves, KK
Schmieder, B
Schmit, DJ
Seaton, DB
Sterling, AC
Tripathi, D
Williams, DR
Zhang, M
AF Gibson, S. E.
Kucera, T. A.
Rastawicki, D.
Dove, J.
De Toma, G.
Hao, J.
Hill, S.
Hudson, H. S.
Marque, C.
McIntosh, P. S.
Rachmeler, L.
Reeves, K. K.
Schmieder, B.
Schmit, D. J.
Seaton, D. B.
Sterling, A. C.
Tripathi, D.
Williams, D. R.
Zhang, M.
TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF A CORONAL PROMINENCE CAVITY
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: filaments,
prominences; Sun: magnetic topology
ID TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE; WHOLE SUN MONTH; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS;
DIAGNOSTIC SPECTROMETER; MASS EJECTIONS; TEMPERATURES; CALIBRATION;
DENSITIES; TRACE; TOMOGRAPHY
AB We present a three-dimensional density model of coronal prominence cavities, and a morphological fit that has been tightly constrained by a uniquely well-observed cavity. Observations were obtained as part of an International Heliophysical Year campaign by instruments from a variety of space-and ground-based observatories, spanning wavelengths from radio to soft X-ray to integrated white light. From these data it is clear that the prominence cavity is the limb manifestation of a longitudinally extended polar-crown filament channel, and that the cavity is a region of low density relative to the surrounding corona. As a first step toward quantifying density and temperature from campaign spectroscopic data, we establish the three-dimensional morphology of the cavity. This is critical for taking line-of-sight projection effects into account, since cavities are not localized in the plane of the sky and the corona is optically thin. We have augmented a global coronal streamer model to include a tunnel-like cavity with elliptical cross-section and a Gaussian variation of height along the tunnel length. We have developed a semi-automated routine that fits ellipses to cross-sections of the cavity as it rotates past the solar limb, and have applied it to Extreme Ultraviolet Imager observations from the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. This defines the morphological parameters of our model, from which we reproduce forward-modeled cavity observables. We find that cavity morphology and orientation, in combination with the viewpoints of the observing spacecraft, explain the observed variation in cavity visibility for the east versus west limbs.
C1 [Gibson, S. E.; De Toma, G.; Rachmeler, L.] HAO NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Kucera, T. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Rastawicki, D.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Dove, J.] Metropolitan State Coll, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
[Hao, J.; Zhang, M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
[Hill, S.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Marque, C.; Seaton, D. B.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
[McIntosh, P. S.] HelioSynopt Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Reeves, K. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Schmieder, B.] LESIA, Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, Paris, France.
[Schmit, D. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sterling, A. C.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Dept SD50, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Tripathi, D.] Univ Cambridge, DAMTP, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England.
[Williams, D. R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
RP Gibson, SE (reprint author), HAO NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RI Williams, David/E-6676-2011; Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012; Tripathi,
Durgesh/D-9390-2012; Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014;
OI Williams, David/0000-0001-9922-8117; Tripathi,
Durgesh/0000-0003-1689-6254; Kucera, Therese/0000-0001-9632-447X;
SEATON, DANIEL/0000-0002-0494-2025
FU International Space Science Institute (ISSI); NASA; National Science
Foundation
FX We thank the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), which funded
a Working Group on Coronal Cavities involving many of the co-authors. We
thank Alice Lecinski for internal HAO review, Joan Burkepile for
assistance with the Mk4 data, and Arnaud Thernisien for assistance with
the STEREO Carrington maps. A.C.S. and T.A.K. were supported by the NASA
SHP program. SOHO is a project of international collaboration between
ESA and NASA. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by
ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as
international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation
with ESA and NSC (Norway). The STEREO/SECCHI data used here are produced
by an international consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA),
Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab (USA), NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center (USA) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), University of
Birmingham (UK), Max-Planck-Institut fr Sonnensystemforschung (Germany),
Centre Spatiale de Liege (Belgium), Institut d'Optique Thorique et
Applique (France), and Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (France). The
National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National
Science Foundation.
NR 46
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 724
IS 2
BP 1133
EP 1146
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/724/2/1133
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 679GE
UT WOS:000284149000023
ER
PT J
AU Stubbs, CW
Doherty, P
Cramer, C
Narayan, G
Brown, YJ
Lykke, KR
Woodward, JT
Tonry, JL
AF Stubbs, Christopher W.
Doherty, Peter
Cramer, Claire
Narayan, Gautham
Brown, Yorke J.
Lykke, Keith R.
Woodward, John T.
Tonry, John L.
TI PRECISE THROUGHPUT DETERMINATION OF THE PanSTARRS TELESCOPE AND THE
GIGAPIXEL IMAGER USING A CALIBRATED SILICON PHOTODIODE AND A TUNABLE
LASER: INITIAL RESULTS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Article
DE instrumentation: detectors; instrumentation: photometers; surveys;
techniques: photometric
ID ABSOLUTE FLUX; PHOTOMETRY; ATMOSPHERE; ACCURACY; GALAXY
AB We have used a precision-calibrated photodiode as the fundamental metrology reference in order to determine the relative throughput of the PanSTARRS telescope and the Gigapixel imager, from 400 nm to 1050 nm. Our technique uses a tunable laser as a source of illumination on a transmissive flat-field screen. We determine the full-aperture system throughput as a function of wavelength, including (in a single integral measurement) the mirror reflectivity, the transmission functions of the filters and the corrector optics, and the detector quantum efficiency, by comparing the light seen by each pixel in the CCD array to that measured by a precision-calibrated silicon photodiode. This method allows us to determine the relative throughput of the entire system as a function of wavelength, for each pixel in the instrument, without observations of celestial standards. We present promising initial results from this characterization of the PanSTARRS system, and we use synthetic photometry to assess the photometric perturbations due to throughput variation across the field of view.
C1 [Stubbs, Christopher W.; Doherty, Peter; Cramer, Claire; Narayan, Gautham; Brown, Yorke J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Lykke, Keith R.; Woodward, John T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Tonry, John L.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Stubbs, CW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
EM stubbs@physics.harvard.edu
RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012;
OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Narayan,
Gautham/0000-0001-6022-0484
FU National Institute for Standard and Technology [70NANB8H8007]; LSST
Corporation; Harvard University; Department of Energy Office of Science
[DE-FG02-91ER40654]
FX We are grateful to the National Institute for Standard and Technology
(under award 70NANB8H8007), the LSST Corporation, Harvard University and
the Department of Energy Office of Science (under grant
DE-FG02-91ER40654) for their support of this work. The dedication and
competence of the scientific and technical staff of PanSTARRS project
were essential to the success we report here. In particular we are
grateful to Will Burgett, Robert Calder, Ken Chambers, Greg Gates, Tom
Melsheimer, Jeffrey Morgan, and Shannon Waters for their invaluable
assistance. Conversations with Tim Axelrod, David Burke, Darren DePoy,
Ned Henry, David Hogg, Paul Horowitz, Zeljko Ivezic, Eli Margalith, John
McGraw, Armin Rest, Abi Saha, Nick Suntzeff, Chris Smith, Will High, and
Pete Zimmer were very valuable in designing and refining the technique
described here. We are also grateful to the anonymous hitchhikers in the
Haleakala National Park who provided us with the opportunity to
accumulate the good karma needed for this endeavor.
NR 29
TC 72
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 191
IS 2
BP 376
EP 388
DI 10.1088/0067-0049/191/2/376
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 692VY
UT WOS:000285185200011
ER
PT J
AU Saylor, RD
Edgerton, ES
Hartsell, BE
Baumann, K
Hansen, DA
AF Saylor, Rick D.
Edgerton, Eric S.
Hartsell, Benjamin E.
Baumann, Karsten
Hansen, D. Alan
TI Continuous gaseous and total ammonia measurements from the southeastern
aerosol research and characterization (SEARCH) study
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Ammonia; Ammonium; Continuous; PM; Particulate
ID PARTICULATE MATTER MASS; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION;
AMINES; FINE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROMETRY; EQUILIBRIUM; FLUXES
AB Continuous ammonia (NH(3)) measurements with a temporal resolution of 5 min were Implemented at selected SEARCH sites in the southeastern U S during 2007 The SEARCH continuous NH(3) Instrument uses a citric acid denuder difference technique employing a dual-channel nitric oxide-ozone chemiluminescence analyzer Data from two SEARCH sites are presented Jefferson Street Atlanta (JST) (urban) and Yorkville Georgia (YRK) (rural) for the period July December 2007 Highest NH(x) (total ammonia = gaseous NH(3) + PM(2) (5) NH(4)(+)) values were observed in August and September at both JST and YRK Highest NH(3) values occurred in August and September at JST but in August through October at YRK Lowest NH(3) and NH(x) values occurred in December at both sites YRK is significantly impacted by nearby poultry sources routinely experiencing hourly average NH(3) mixing ratios above 20 ppbv Wind sector analysis clearly implicates the nearby poultry operations as the source of the high NH(3) values Weekday versus weekend differences in composite hourly mean diurnal profiles of NH(3) at JST indicate that mobile sources have a measurable but relatively small impact on NH(3) observed at that site and little or no impact on NH(3) observed at YRK A distinctive composite mean hourly diurnal variation was observed at both JST and YRK exhibiting maxima in the morning and evening with a broad minimum during midday Analysis of observed NH(3) diurnal variations from the literature suggests a hypothesized mechanism for the observed behavior based on interaction of local emissions and dry deposition with the formation and collapse of the dynamically mixed atmospheric boundary layer during the day and shallow nocturnal layer at night Simple mixed layer concentration box model simulations confirm the plausibility of the suggested mechanism Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Saylor, Rick D.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Snellville, GA USA.
[Edgerton, Eric S.; Baumann, Karsten] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA.
[Hartsell, Benjamin E.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX USA.
[Hansen, D. Alan] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA.
RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RI Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014
OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290;
NR 37
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 38
BP 4994
EP 5004
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.055
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 682GM
UT WOS:000284389400018
ER
PT J
AU Lefohn, AS
Shadwick, D
Oltmans, SJ
AF Lefohn, Allen S.
Shadwick, Douglas
Oltmans, Samuel J.
TI Characterizing changes in surface ozone levels in metropolitan and rural
areas in the United States for 1980-2008 and 1994-2008
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Monthly time trends; Surface ozone trends; Tropospheric ozone
ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; BACKGROUND OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; WEST-COAST; TRENDS;
EXPOSURE; VEGETATION; INDEXES; SITES; US
AB In this analysis, we characterize urban and rural ozone (O(3)) trends across the US for the periods 1980-2008 (29 years) and 1994-2008 (15 years) using three exposure metrics, which summarize daily O(3) concentrations to reflect different ways O(3) may affect human health and vegetation. We observe that a statistically significant trend at a specific monitoring site, using one exposure metric, does not necessarily result in a similar trend using the other two metrics. The two most common trends among the monitoring sites are either a continuation of negative trending over the 29-year period or a shift from negative to no trend status, indicating a leveling off of the trending. Very few sites exhibit statistically significant increases in the exposure indices. In characterizing the statistically significant changes in the distribution of hourly average O(3), we observe subtle statistically significant changes in the lower part of the distribution (i.e., below 50 ppb) that are not necessarily captured by the trending patterns associated with the three exposure metrics. Using multisite data from 12 metropolitan cities, we find that as the frequency of higher hourly average concentrations is reduced, the lower hourly average concentrations also move upward toward the mid-level values. The change in the number of the hourly average concentrations in the lower range is consistent with decreased NO scavenging. We recommend assessing possible subtle shifts in O(3) concentrations by characterizing changes in the distribution of hourly average concentrations by month. Identifying statistically significant monthly changes in the mid- and low-level hourly average concentrations may provide important information for assessing changes in physical processes associated with global climate change, long-range transport, and the efficacy of models used for emission and risk reductions. Our results indicate that it is important to investigate the change in the trending pattern with time (e.g., moving 15-year trending) in order to assess how year-to-year variability may influence the trend calculation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
[Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 N Last Chance Gulch,Suite 410, Helena, MT 59601 USA.
EM alefohn@asl-associates.com; dougshadwick@nc.rr.com;
samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 2
U2 28
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 39
BP 5199
EP 5210
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.049
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 685XO
UT WOS:000284661600018
ER
PT J
AU Tan, Y
Carlton, AG
Seitzinger, SP
Turpin, BJ
AF Tan, Yi
Carlton, Annmarie G.
Seitzinger, Sybil P.
Turpin, Barbara J.
TI SOA from methylglyoxal in clouds and wet aerosols: Measurement and
prediction of key products
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Secondary organic aerosol (SOA); Isoprene; Methylglyoxal; Mutiphase
photochemistry; Aqueous radical chemistry
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE;
OLIGOMER FORMATION; RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE; WATER; ACID; OXIDATION;
ISOPRENE
AB Aqueous OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal in clouds and wet aerosols is a potentially important global and regional source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We quantify organic acid products of the aqueous reaction of methylglyoxal (30-3000 mu M) and OH radical (approx. 4 x 10(-12) M), model their formation in the reaction vessel and investigate how the starting concentrations of precursors and the presence of acidic sulfate (0-840 mu M) affect product formation. Predicted products were observed. The predicted temporal evolution of oxalic acid, pyruvic acid and total organic carbon matched observations at cloud relevant concentrations (30 mu M), validating this methylglyoxal cloud chemistry, which is currently being implemented in some atmospheric models of SOA formation. The addition of sulfuric acid at cloud relevant concentrations had little effect on oxalic acid yields. At higher concentrations (3000 mu M), predictions deviate from observations. Larger carboxylic acids (>= C-4) and other high molecular weight products become increasingly important as concentration increases, suggesting that small carboxylic acids are the major products in clouds while larger carboxylic acids and oligomers are important products in wet aerosols. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Tan, Yi; Carlton, Annmarie G.; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
RP Turpin, BJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
EM turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu
RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Tan, Yi/A-2511-2010; Turpin, Barbara
/D-8346-2012
OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Tan, Yi/0000-0002-5130-6056;
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0630298]; US Department of
Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
[NA07OAR4310-279]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [R833751]
FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF)
(ATM-0630298), US Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (NA07OAR4310-279), and the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR)
program (R833751). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and
do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF, NOAA, or EPA; no
official endorsement should be inferred. The authors thank Yong Bin Lim,
Ron Lauck, Mark J. Perri, Katye Altieri, Diana Ortiz and Jeffrey
Kirkland.
NR 49
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U1 5
U2 75
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 39
BP 5218
EP 5226
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.045
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 685XO
UT WOS:000284661600020
ER
PT J
AU Brodin, M
Helmig, D
Oltmans, S
AF Brodin, Molly
Helmig, Detlev
Oltmans, Samuel
TI Seasonal ozone behavior along an elevation gradient in the Colorado
Front Range Mountains
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Surface ozone; Elevation profile
ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NATIONAL-PARK; AIR-POLLUTANTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
EUROPE
AB Ambient surface ozone was monitored for one year at a series of seven sites along an elevation gradient from 1600 m to 3500 m above sea level (ASL) in Boulder County, Colorado. Spatial variability of ozone, quantified as the root mean squared deviation of hourly ozone per kilometer horizontal separation, decreased with elevation and distance from local sources, validating the assumption that (except at the City of Boulder (BO) site) the results of the study are representative of the Colorado Front Range. The northern hemisphere (NH) tropospheric spring ozone peak was clearly apparent in late April and early May and affected ozone at all elevations. Ozone consistently increased with elevation during winter, with a mean monthly rate of 1.5 ppbv per 100 m elevation. In summer, this monotonic increase in ozone with elevation was not observed; instead mean monthly ozone increased in two steps, by similar to 15 ppbv between 1610 m and 1940 m ASL and by similar to 10 ppbv between 3350 m and 3530 m ASL to a maximum of 60 ppbv. The amplitude of the diurnal ozone cycle decreased with increasing elevation. Average summertime diurnal swings in ozone concentration had a magnitude of 29 ppbv at 1610 m ASL, and 7-16 ppbv at the mid-elevation sites. In winter a diurnal cycle was observed only at the BO site, ozone concentrations at the remaining six locations changed on a multi-day timescale, indicating regional background behavior as the primary factor for wintertime ozone. Even the highest elevation site was influenced by transported urban air pollution in summer, indicated by the average 5 ppbv diurnal increase in ozone. Ozone exposure at the mid- to high-elevation sites in many instances approached and exceeded the 8-h National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 75 ppbv. The elevated ozone levels along this transect were interpreted to be caused by the confounding effects of the high elevation of these sites, increased ozone in long-range transported air, and anthropogenic ozone production in air transported from the nearby urban and suburban areas east of the Colorado Front Range Mountains. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Brodin, Molly; Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Brodin, Molly] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Oltmans, Samuel] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arct & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM Detlev.Helmig@Colorado.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9211776]; NOAA; CDPHE
FX Ozone data used in this project were generously provided by the NPS with
Air Resource Specialists, Inc. as well as CDPHE. This research has been
supported by a National Science Foundation LTER grant (#DEB-9211776) as
well as funds from NOAA and CDPHE. We would like to give thanks to the
hosts of the measurement sites, to David Tanner, Jacques Hueber, Adam
Eisele, and Daniel Zurawski for operating assistance with the project,
Michael O'Neil for preparing the map, and Brian Seok for help with
preparing the color figures. The constructive comments from the two
anonymous reviewers are highly appreciated.
NR 21
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U1 1
U2 21
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 39
BP 5305
EP 5315
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.033
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 685XO
UT WOS:000284661600029
ER
PT J
AU Simon, H
Kimura, Y
McGaughey, G
Allen, DT
Brown, SS
Coffman, D
Dibb, J
Osthoff, HD
Quinn, P
Roberts, JM
Yarwood, G
Kemball-Cook, S
Byun, D
Lee, D
AF Simon, H.
Kimura, Y.
McGaughey, G.
Allen, D. T.
Brown, S. S.
Coffman, D.
Dibb, J.
Osthoff, H. D.
Quinn, P.
Roberts, J. M.
Yarwood, G.
Kemball-Cook, S.
Byun, D.
Lee, D.
TI Modeling heterogeneous ClNO2 formation, chloride availability, and
chlorine cycling in Southeast Texas
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Biennial Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms
CY DEC, 2008
CL Air Quality Res Ctr, Davis, CA
HO Air Quality Res Ctr
DE Nitryl chloride; Chlorine; CAMx; Urban air pollution; Houston; GoMACCS;
TexAQS II; Heterogeneous chemistry
ID SEA-SALT AEROSOL; N2O5 REACTION; GASEOUS N2O5; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS;
SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLES; OZONE
AB Nitryl Chloride (ClNO2) mixing ratios above 1 ppbv have been measured off the coast of Southeast Texas ClNO2 formation the result of heterogeneous N2O5 uptake on chloride-containing aerosols has a significant Impact on oxidant formation for the Houston area This work reports on the modeling of ClNO2 formation and describes the sensitivity of ClNO2 formation to key parameters Model sensitivity analyses found that (1) Chloride availability limits the formation of nitryl chloride at ground level but not aloft (2) When excess particulate chloride was assumed to be present at ground level through sea salt ClNO2 concentrations increased in some locations by a factor of 13 as compared to cases where sea salt chloride was assumed to be limited (3) Inland formation of ClNO2 seems feasible based on chloride availability and could have a large impact on total ClNO2 formed in the region and (4) ClNO2 formation is quite sensitive to the assumed yield of ClNO2 from N2O5 uptake These results demonstrate that there is a need for further field studies to better understand the geographic extent of ClNO2 formation and the atmospheric conditions which control partitioning of chloride into the particle phase In addition this work examined the role of ClNO2 in the cycling of chlorine between chloride and reactive chlorine radicals The modeling indicated that the majority of reactive chlorine in Texas along the Gulf coast is cycled through ClNO2 demonstrating the importance of including ClNO2 into photochemical models for this region Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Simon, H.; Kimura, Y.; McGaughey, G.; Allen, D. T.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Simon, H.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
[Brown, S. S.; Osthoff, H. D.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Coffman, D.; Quinn, P.] NOAA, OAR, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Dibb, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Yarwood, G.; Kemball-Cook, S.] Environ Int Corp, Novato, CA 94998 USA.
[Lee, D.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Byun, D.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, OAR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Simon, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Energy & Environm Resources, 10100 Burnet Rd,Bldg 133,R7100, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
RI simon, heather/E-4392-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brown,
Steven/I-1762-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI simon, heather/0000-0001-7254-3360; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172;
Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895;
NR 32
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U1 2
U2 36
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1352-2310
EI 1873-2844
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON
JI Atmos. Environ.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 44
IS 40
SI SI
BP 5476
EP 5488
DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.006
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696PA
UT WOS:000285452100018
ER
PT J
AU DeGaetano, AT
Brown, TJ
Hilberg, SD
Redmond, K
Robbins, K
Robinson, P
Shulski, M
McGuirk, M
AF DeGaetano, Arthur T.
Brown, Timothy J.
Hilberg, Steven D.
Redmond, Kelly
Robbins, Kevin
Robinson, Peter
Shulski, Martha
McGuirk, Marjorie
TI TOWARD REGIONAL CLIMATE SERVICES The Role of NOAA's Regional Climate
Centers
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID WEATHER; MAXIMUM
AB A comprehensive national climate services strategy requires the infrastructure, operational services, and applied research activities that have characterized the Regional Climate Center Program since its inception.
C1 [DeGaetano, Arthur T.] Cornell Univ, NE Reg Climate Ctr, Ithaca, NY 13068 USA.
[Brown, Timothy J.; Redmond, Kelly] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV 89506 USA.
[Hilberg, Steven D.] Univ Illinois, Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr, Champaign, IL USA.
[Robbins, Kevin] Louisiana State Univ, So Reg Climate Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Robinson, Peter] Univ N Carolina, SE Reg Climate Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
[Shulski, Martha] Univ Nebraska, High Plains Reg Climate Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA.
[McGuirk, Marjorie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA.
RP DeGaetano, AT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NE Reg Climate Ctr, 1119 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 13068 USA.
EM atd2@cornell.edu
FU NOAA [EA133E07CN0090]
FX The work of the regional climate centers is supported by NOAA Contract
EA133E07CN0090. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments
and Adam Parris, program manager of the NOAA/RISA program, for his
insightful suggestions.
NR 16
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 12
BP 1633
EP 1644
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2936.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 707TI
UT WOS:000286310600002
ER
PT J
AU Masters, FJ
Vickery, PJ
Bacon, P
Rappaport, EN
AF Masters, Forrest J.
Vickery, Peter J.
Bacon, Phuong
Rappaport, Edward N.
TI TOWARD OBJECTIVE, STANDARDIZED INTENSITY ESTIMATES FROM SURFACE WIND
SPEED OBSERVATIONS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID GUST FACTORS; ROUGHNESS; DOCUMENTATION; THUNDERSTORM; LANDFALL; TERRAIN;
DRAG
AB Direct use of surface wind speed observations can introduce significant errors in storm intensity estimates without correction for terrain and instrument response characteristics.
C1 [Masters, Forrest J.; Bacon, Phuong] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Vickery, Peter J.] Appl Res Associates, Raleigh, NC USA.
[Rappaport, Edward N.] NOAA, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA.
RP Masters, FJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, 365 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM masters@ce.ufl.edu
RI Masters, Forrest/D-1287-2011; Vickery, Peter/D-2708-2012
OI Masters, Forrest/0000-0001-8203-9846;
FU University of Florida
FX The authors wish to acknowledge the University Scholars Program at the
University of Florida for supporting Ms. Bacon in carrying out the
research discussed herein. We also appreciate the helpful insights and
suggestions provided by Dr. Anton Beljaars, European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts; Dr. Craig Miller, University of Western
Ontario; and Dr. Mark Powell, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division.
NR 44
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 12
BP 1665
EP 1681
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2942.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 707TI
UT WOS:000286310600005
ER
PT J
AU Seguin, WR
Smith, SB
AF Seguin, Ward R.
Smith, Stephan B.
TI THE STUDENT CAREER EXPERIENCE PROGRAM A Door to a Career with the
National Weather Service
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
C1 [Seguin, Ward R.] Riverside Technol Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Smith, Stephan B.] NOAA, NWS, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Seguin, WR (reprint author), Riverside Technol Inc, 1010 Wayne Ave,Suite 500, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM ward.seguin@riverside.com
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 12
BP 1683
EP 1689
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS2943.1
PG 7
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 707TI
UT WOS:000286310600006
ER
PT J
AU Hurrell, JW
Meehl, GA
Bader, D
Delworth, TL
Kirtman, B
Wielick, B
AF Hurrell, James W.
Meehl, Gerald A.
Bader, Dave
Delworth, Thomas L.
Kirtman, Ben
Wielick, Bruce
TI Comments on "A Unified Modeling Approach to Climate System Prediction"
Reply
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Hurrell, James W.; Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Bader, Dave] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Kirtman, Ben] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Kirtman, Ben] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA.
[Wielick, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.
RP Hurrell, JW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RI Bader, David/H-6189-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014
OI Bader, David/0000-0003-3210-339X;
NR 7
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 12
BP 1702
EP 1703
DI 10.1175/2010BAMS3118.1
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 707TI
UT WOS:000286310600009
ER
PT J
AU Bjorkstedt, EP
Goericke, R
McClatchie, S
Weber, E
Watson, W
Lo, N
Peterson, B
Emmett, B
Peterson, J
Durazo, R
Gaxiola-Castro, G
Chavez, F
Pennington, JT
Collins, CA
Field, J
Ralston, S
Sakuma, K
Bograd, SJ
Schwing, FB
Xue, Y
Sydeman, WJ
Thompson, SA
Santora, JA
Largier, J
Halle, C
Morgan, S
Kim, SY
Merkens, KPB
Hildebrand, JA
Munger, LM
AF Bjorkstedt, Eric P.
Goericke, Ralf
McClatchie, Sam
Weber, Ed
Watson, William
Lo, Nancy
Peterson, Bill
Emmett, Bob
Peterson, Jay
Durazo, Reginaldo
Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto
Chavez, Francisco
Pennington, J. T.
Collins, C. A.
Field, John
Ralston, Steve
Sakuma, Keith
Bograd, Steven J.
Schwing, Franklin B.
Xue, Yan
Sydeman, William J.
Thompson, Sarah Ann
Santora, Jarrod A.
Largier, John
Halle, Chris
Morgan, Steven
Kim, Sung Yong
Merkens, Karlina P. B.
Hildebrand, John A.
Munger, Lisa M.
TI STATE OF THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT 2009-2010: REGIONAL VARIATION PERSISTS
THROUGH TRANSITION FROM LA NINA TO EL NINO (AND BACK?)
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB This report summarizes observations of the California Current System (CCS) from Baja California, Mexico to Oregon for the period from spring 2009 through spring 2010. During this period, changes in the state of the CCS reflected a transition from cool La Nina conditions into and through a short-lived, relatively weak El Nino event. Weaker than normal upwelling and several extended relaxation events contributed to warming over much of the CCS during summer 2009, especially in the north. Moderation of La Nina conditions in the CCS coincided with the development of El Nino conditions in the equatorial Pacific, yet manifested well in advance of any evidence for direct effects of El Nino on the CCS. Responses to El Nino in fall 2009 and winter 2009-2010 appear to have varied substantially with latitude: conditions off southern California returned to near climatological values with the decline of La Nina, and did not indicate any subsequent response to El Nino, yet the northern CCS warmed subtantially following the decline of La Nina and was strongly affected by intense downwelling during winter 2009-2010. The 2009-2010 El Nino diminished rapidly in early 2010, and upwelling off central and southern California resumed unusually early and strongly for a spring following an El Nino, but recovery from El Nino in early 2010 appears to be less robust in the northern CCS. Thus, despite dynamic changes in the overall state of the California Current, 2009-2010 continued the recent pattern of strong regional variability across the CCS.
C1 [Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Fisheries Serv, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA.
[Bjorkstedt, Eric P.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Fisheries Biol, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA.
[Goericke, Ralf; Kim, Sung Yong; Merkens, Karlina P. B.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Ed; Watson, William; Lo, Nancy] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Peterson, Bill; Emmett, Bob] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Peterson, Jay] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Durazo, Reginaldo] UABC Fac Ciencias Marinas, Ensenada, BC, Mexico.
[Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto] CICESE Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada, BC, Mexico.
[Chavez, Francisco; Pennington, J. T.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
[Collins, C. A.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Field, John; Ralston, Steve; Sakuma, Keith] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Bograd, Steven J.; Schwing, Franklin B.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Xue, Yan] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann; Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA.
[Largier, John; Halle, Chris; Morgan, Steven] Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.
[Munger, Lisa M.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Bjorkstedt, EP (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Fisheries Serv, POB 690, Trinidad, CA 95570 USA.
RI Merkens, Karlina/I-9062-2012; Kim, Sung Yong/B-9852-2009; Weber,
Edward/A-6986-2009
OI Merkens, Karlina/0000-0002-5314-6148; Kim, Sung
Yong/0000-0003-1962-8992; Weber, Edward/0000-0002-0942-434X
FU CICESE; SEMARNAT-CONACYT [23804]; UCMEXUS [CN07-125]; SEP-CONACYT
[23804, 23947]; Sonoma County Water Agency; NOAA; CeNCOOS; UC Davis;
NOAA Fisheries Service; California Ocean Protection Council; CAMEO;
California Sea Grant; NSF; NASA; State of California under the Coastal
Ocean Currents Monitoring Program (COCMP); National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation (NSF);
Office of Naval Research (ONR)
FX IMECOCAL surveys were supported by CICESE, SEMARNAT-CONACYT 23804,
UCMEXUS (CN07-125), and SEP-CONACYT 23947 and 23804 projects. Recent
CalCOFI surveys were greatly assisted by the captains and crews of the
NOAA ships Mac-Arthur II and Miller Freeman and the R/V New Horizon.
Central California observations were supported by the David and Lucile
Packard Foundation and NOAA. Bodega Line surveys were supported by the
Sonoma County Water Agency, NOAA, CeNCOOS and UC Davis and could not
have been collected without Captain Steve Neil and crew of the R/V
Mussel Point. Anne Slaughter analyzed Bodega copepod samples. Trinidad
Head Line surveys were supported by NOAA Fisheries Service and the
California Ocean Protection Council and by the able efforts of Captain
Scott Martin and the crew of the R/V Coral Sea, Kathryn Crane, Jose
Montoya, and the many HSU students and volunteers who sailed on these
cruises. Observations along the Newport Hydrographic Line and off the
OR-WA coast were supported in part by NOAA's FATE and SAIP programs and
CAMEO. Seabird surveys in recent years were supported by grants from the
California Ocean Protection Council, California Sea Grant, NOAA, NSF,
and NASA. HF radar mapping ocean surface currents has been sponsored by
the State of California under the Coastal Ocean Currents Monitoring
Program (COCMP), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research
(ONR). HF radar data were provided by Scripps Institution of
Oceanography at University of California, San Diego; University of
Southern California; Marine Science Institute at University of
California, Santa Barbara; California Polytechnic State University;
Naval Postgraduate School; Romberg Tiburon Center at San Francisco State
University; Humboldt State University; Bodega Marine Laboratory at
University of California, Davis; and Oregon State University.
NR 57
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 9
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 51
BP 39
EP 69
PG 31
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA V24JY
UT WOS:000208407900002
ER
PT J
AU Melin, SR
Orr, AJ
Harris, JD
Laake, JL
Delong, RL
Gulland, FMD
Stoudt, S
AF Melin, Sharon R.
Orr, Anthony J.
Harris, Jeffrey D.
Laake, Jeffrey L.
Delong, Robert L.
Gulland, Frances M. D.
Stoudt, Shelbi
TI UNPRECEDENTED MORTALITY OF CALIFORNIA SEA LION PUPS ASSOCIATED WITH
ANOMALOUS OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS ALONG THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST IN
2009
SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Between May and August 2009, an anomalous oceanographic event occurred along the central California coast. The event was characterized by the strongest negative upwelling observed in 40 years and uncharacteristically warm sea surface temperatures. The timing of the event coincided with the weaning and reproduction of California sea lions in the California Current System. We documented the effects of the event on sea lion pup production, pup mortality, female attendance, and diet at San Miguel Island, California. Simultaneous with the oceanographic event, we also documented a record number of strandings along the California coast of emaciated weaned pups born in 2008. We conclude that the response of California sea lions to the anomalous oceanographic conditions in 2009 was mediated through warmer SSTs that likely reduced availability of their usual summer prey and resulted in the high mortality of the 2008 and 2009 cohorts due to starvation.
C1 [Melin, Sharon R.; Orr, Anthony J.; Harris, Jeffrey D.; Laake, Jeffrey L.; Delong, Robert L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Gulland, Frances M. D.; Stoudt, Shelbi] Marine Mammal Ctr, Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA.
RP Melin, SR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM sharon.melin@noaa.gov
NR 43
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 13
PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY
PI LA JOLLA
PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA
SN 0575-3317
J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH
JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 51
BP 182
EP 194
PG 13
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA V24JY
UT WOS:000208407900012
ER
PT J
AU Pipal, K
Jessop, M
Boughton, D
Adams, P
AF Pipal, Kerrie
Jessop, Mark
Boughton, David
Adams, Peter
TI USING DUAL-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SONAR (DIDSON) TO ESTIMATE ADULT
STEELHEAD ESCAPEMENT IN THE SAN LORENZO RIVER, CALIFORNIA
SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Pipal, Kerrie; Jessop, Mark; Boughton, David; Adams, Peter] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
RP Pipal, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM kerrie.pipal@noaa.gov
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR
PI SACRAMENTO
PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA
SN 0008-1078
J9 CALIF FISH GAME
JI Calif. Fish Game
PD WIN
PY 2010
VL 96
IS 1
BP 90
EP 95
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Zoology
SC Fisheries; Zoology
GA 670ZS
UT WOS:000283469500008
ER
PT J
AU Kattner, UR
Seifert, HJ
AF Kattner, Ursula R.
Seifert, Hans Jurgen
TI Integrated computational materials engineering, CALPHAD and Hans Leo
Lukas
SO CALPHAD-COMPUTER COUPLING OF PHASE DIAGRAMS AND THERMOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID PHASE-DIAGRAMS
C1 [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Seifert, Hans Jurgen] TU Bergakad Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.
RP Kattner, UR (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0364-5916
J9 CALPHAD
JI Calphad-Comput. Coupling Ph. Diagrams Thermochem.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 34
IS 4
BP 385
EP 386
DI 10.1016/j.calphad.2010.10.005
PG 2
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering
GA 694VS
UT WOS:000285327700001
ER
PT J
AU Berejikian, BA
Van Doornik, DM
Endicott, RC
Hoffnagle, TL
Tezak, EP
Moore, ME
Atkins, J
AF Berejikian, Barry A.
Van Doornik, Donald M.
Endicott, Rob C.
Hoffnagle, Timothy L.
Tezak, Eugene P.
Moore, Megan E.
Atkins, Jeffery
TI Mating success of alternative male phenotypes and evidence for
frequency-dependent selection in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MALE ATLANTIC SALMON; MALE SOCKEYE-SALMON; MALE LIFE-HISTORY; MALE COHO
SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS; SPAWNING BEHAVIOR; GENETIC-VARIATION;
HATCHERY; STRATEGIES; MATURITY
AB As with other species, frequency-dependent selection during reproduction has long been proposed as an important mechanism in maintaining alternative male reproductive phenotypes in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Jack salmon mature one year earlier than the youngest females in a population and are much smaller than older "adult'' males. We tested the hypothesis that mating success of both phenotypes is consistent with the frequency-dependent selection model. By holding male density constant and varying the frequency of adults and jacks in eight separate breeding groups, we found that adult male access to females, participation in spawning events, and adult-to-fry reproductive success increased with their decreasing frequency in a breeding group. Jacks exhibited the same pattern (increasing success with decreasing frequency), although the relationships were not as strong as for adults. Overall, jack and adult males mated with a similar number of females, but jacks sired only 20% of all offspring. Observational data suggested that adult males benefited from sperm precedence associated with their ability to court females and enter the nest first at the time of spawning. Our work provides the first experimental evidence of frequency-dependent selection during mating in the family Salmonidae.
C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.; Van Doornik, Donald M.; Endicott, Rob C.; Tezak, Eugene P.; Moore, Megan E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
[Hoffnagle, Timothy L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR 97850 USA.
[Atkins, Jeffery] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA.
RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration
FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Oregon Hatchery Research
Center's Advisory Committee and staff for providing both the opportunity
and logistical support necessary to conduct this study. We also
appreciate the cooperation of the Oregon Department of Fish and
Wildlife's Trask River Hatchery staff for providing adult Chinook salmon
for this study. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their
constructive comments that improved this paper. Funding was provided by
the Bonneville Power Administration.
NR 47
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 39
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 12
BP 1933
EP 1941
DI 10.1139/F10-112
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 697YH
UT WOS:000285555200004
ER
PT J
AU Kaplan, IC
Levin, PS
Burden, M
Fulton, EA
AF Kaplan, Isaac C.
Levin, Phillip S.
Burden, Merrick
Fulton, Elizabeth A.
TI Fishing catch shares in the face of global change: a framework for
integrating cumulative impacts and single species management
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MARINE
ECOSYSTEM MODELS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES;
PACIFIC-OCEAN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; INDICATORS
AB Any fishery management scheme, such as individual fishing quotas (IFQs) or marine protected areas, should be designed to be robust to potential shifts in the biophysical system. Here we couple possible catch scenarios under an IFQ scheme with ocean acidification impacts on shelled benthos and plankton, using an Atlantis ecosystem model for the US West Coast. IFQ harvest scenarios alone, in most cases, did not have strong impacts on the food web, beyond the direct effects on harvested species. However, when we added the impacts of ocean acidification, the abundance of commercially important groundfish such as English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), and yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) declined up to 20%-80%, owing to the loss of shelled prey items from their diet. English sole exhibited a 10-fold decline in potential catch and economic yield when confronted with strong acidification impacts on shelled benthos. Therefore, it seems prudent to complement IFQs with careful consideration of potential global change effects such as acidification. Our analysis provides an example of how new ecosystem modeling tools that evaluate cumulative impacts can be integrated with established management reference points and decision mechanisms.
C1 [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NW Fishery Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Burden, Merrick] Pacific Fishery Management Council, Portland, OR 97220 USA.
[Fulton, Elizabeth A.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fishery Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov
RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008
OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucille Packard Foundation
FX We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the David and Lucille
Packard Foundation for support. Aaron Dufault assisted with the
literature review of ocean acidification. Hem Nalini Morzaria Luna
created the map of the model domain. Teresa Taylor and Paul Mack
provided the early foundations for this work.
NR 75
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 3
U2 36
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 12
BP 1968
EP 1982
DI 10.1139/F10-118
PG 15
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 697YH
UT WOS:000285555200007
ER
PT J
AU Tsukernik, M
Deser, C
Alexander, M
Tomas, R
AF Tsukernik, Maria
Deser, Clara
Alexander, Michael
Tomas, Robert
TI Atmospheric forcing of Fram Strait sea ice export: a closer look
SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Fram Strait; Sea ice motion; Sea ice export; North Atlantic Oscillation;
East-west dipole; High frequency atmospheric variability
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; MOTION;
OCEAN; LINK; TEMPERATURES; CIRCULATION; CYCLONES; IMPACT
AB Fram Strait is the primary region of sea ice export from the Arctic and therefore plays an important role in regulating the amount of sea ice and freshwater within the Arctic. We investigate the variability of Fram Strait sea ice motion and the role of atmospheric circulation forcing using daily data during the period 1979-2006. The most prominent atmospheric driver of anomalous sea ice motion across Fram Strait is an east-west dipole pattern of Sea Level Pressure (SLP) anomalies with centers of action located over the Barents Sea and Greenland. This pattern, also observed in synoptic studies, is associated with anomalous meridional winds across Fram Strait and is thus physically consistent with forcing changes in sea ice motion. The association between the SLP dipole pattern and Fram Strait ice motion is maximized at 0-lag, persists year-round, and is strongest on time scales of 10-60 days. The SLP dipole pattern is the second empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of daily SLP anomalies in both winter and summer. When the analysis is repeated with monthly data, only the Barents center of the SLP dipole remains significantly correlated with Fram Strait sea ice motion. However, after removing the leading EOF of monthly SLP variability (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation), the full east-west dipole pattern is recovered. No significant SLP forcing of Fram Strait ice motion is found in summer using monthly data, even when the leading EOF is removed. Our results highlight the importance of high frequency atmospheric variability in forcing Fram Strait sea ice motion.
C1 [Tsukernik, Maria; Deser, Clara; Tomas, Robert] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Alexander, Michael] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Tsukernik, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
EM masha@ucar.edu
RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013
OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427
FU National Science Foundation
FX We thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions
that substantially improved the manuscript. We also thank Christophe
Cassou for helpful suggestions, and Adam Philips and Dennis Shea for
technical assistance in preparation of the figures. This work was
supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Arctic System
Science Program. The National Center of Atmospheric Research is
sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
NR 39
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U2 12
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0930-7575
EI 1432-0894
J9 CLIM DYNAM
JI Clim. Dyn.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 7-8
BP 1349
EP 1360
DI 10.1007/s00382-009-0647-z
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 683NZ
UT WOS:000284483800012
ER
PT J
AU Kopp, RE
Mitrovica, JX
Griffies, SM
Yin, JJ
Hay, CC
Stouffer, RJ
AF Kopp, Robert E.
Mitrovica, Jerry X.
Griffies, Stephen M.
Yin, Jianjun
Hay, Carling C.
Stouffer, Ronald J.
TI The impact of Greenland melt on local sea levels: a partially coupled
analysis of dynamic and static equilibrium effects in idealized
water-hosing experiments A letter
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE SHEETS; RISE; FORMULATION; MODELS
AB Local sea level can deviate from mean global sea level because of both dynamic sea level (DSL) effects, resulting from oceanic and atmospheric circulation and temperature and salinity distributions, and changes in the static equilibrium (SE) sea level configuration, produced by the gravitational, elastic, and rotational effects of mass redistribution Both effects will contribute to future sea level change To compare their magnitude, we simulated the effects of Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) melt by conducting idealized North Atlantic "water-hosing" experiments in a climate model unidirectionally coupled to a SE sea level model At current rates of GIS melt, we find that geographic SE patterns should be challenging but possible to detect above dynamic variability At higher melt rates, we find that DSL trends are strongest in the western North Atlantic, while SE effects will dominate in most of the ocean when melt exceeds similar to 20 cm equivalent sea level
C1 [Kopp, Robert E.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
[Kopp, Robert E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Kopp, Robert E.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mitrovica, Jerry X.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Griffies, Stephen M.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Yin, Jianjun] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Hay, Carling C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
RP Kopp, RE (reprint author), Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA.
RI Kopp, Robert/B-8822-2008;
OI Kopp, Robert/0000-0003-4016-9428
FU Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University; Oak Ridge Institute for
Science and Education
FX We thank K Bryan F Simons R Hallberg M Oppenheimer J Wahr M Winton and
an anonymous reviewer for helpful discussion REK was supported by a
postdoctoral fellowship in the Science, Technology and Environmental
Policy program at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University and
by an appointment to the US Department of Energy American Association
for the Advancement of Science Fellowship Program administered by Oak
Ridge Institute for Science and Education
NR 14
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U1 0
U2 24
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 103
IS 3-4
BP 619
EP 625
DI 10.1007/s10584.010.9935.1
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 691GW
UT WOS:000285069300016
ER
PT J
AU Carroll, C
Johnson, DS
Dunk, JR
Zielinski, WJ
AF Carroll, Carlos
Johnson, Devin S.
Dunk, Jeffrey R.
Zielinski, William J.
TI Hierarchical Bayesian Spatial Models for Multispecies Conservation
Planning and Monitoring
SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE conditional autoregressive; focal species; hierarchical Bayesian model;
Martes pennanti; Northwest Forest Plan; spatial autocorrelation; spatial
autoregressive model; spatial dependence; species distribution model;
autocorrelacion espacial; autoregresivo condicional; dependencia
espacial; especie focal; Martes pennanti; modelo autoregresivo espacial;
modelo bayesiano jerarquico; modelo de distribucion de especies; Plan
Forestal Noroccidental
ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS; HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS;
AUTOCORRELATION; REGRESSION; CALIFORNIA; ECOLOGY; FISHER; REGION; RARE
AB Biologists who develop and apply habitat models are often familiar with the statistical challenges posed by their data's spatial structure but are unsure of whether the use of complex spatial models will increase the utility of model results in planning. We compared the relative performance of nonspatial and hierarchical Bayesian spatial models for three vertebrate and invertebrate taxa of conservation concern (Church's sideband snails [Monadenia churchi], red tree voles [Arborimus longicaudus], and Pacific fishers [Martes pennanti pacifica]) that provide examples of a range of distributional extents and dispersal abilities. We used presence-absence data derived from regional monitoring programs to develop models with both landscape and site-level environmental covariates. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and a conditional autoregressive or intrinsic conditional autoregressive model framework to fit spatial models. The fit of Bayesian spatial models was between 35 and 55% better than the fit of nonspatial analogue models. Bayesian spatial models outperformed analogous models developed with maximum entropy (Maxent) methods. Although the best spatial and nonspatial models included similar environmental variables, spatial models provided estimates of residual spatial effects that suggested how ecological processes might structure distribution patterns. Spatial models built from presence-absence data improved fit most for localized endemic species with ranges constrained by poorly known biogeographic factors and for widely distributed species suspected to be strongly affected by unmeasured environmental variables or population processes. By treating spatial effects as a variable of interest rather than a nuisance, hierarchical Bayesian spatial models, especially when they are based on a common broad-scale spatial lattice (here the national Forest Inventory and Analysis grid of 24 km2 hexagons), can increase the relevance of habitat models to multispecies conservation planning.
C1 [Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA.
[Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Dunk, Jeffrey R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Environm & Nat Resource Sci, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
[Dunk, Jeffrey R.; Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA.
RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA.
EM carlos@klamathconservation.org
FU U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service; The U.S.
Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region,
Pacific Northwest Region
FX We thank the many biologists who assisted in collection of species
distribution data. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service
Pacific Southwest Region, Pacific Northwest Region Survey and Manage
Program, and the U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
provided funding for the surveys. T. Martin and two anonymous reviewers
provided helpful comments.
NR 37
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U1 3
U2 39
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0888-8892
J9 CONSERV BIOL
JI Conserv. Biol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 6
BP 1538
EP 1548
DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01528.x
PG 11
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 679PH
UT WOS:000284172800013
PM 20497204
ER
PT J
AU England, PR
Luikart, G
Waples, RS
AF England, Phillip R.
Luikart, Gordon
Waples, Robin S.
TI Early detection of population fragmentation using linkage disequilibrium
estimation of effective population size
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE N(e); Effective population size; Linkage disequilibrium; Fragmentation;
Bottleneck; Connectivity; Monitoring; Conservation
ID GENETIC-MARKERS; PROGRAM; EVOLUTION; SAMPLE; CENSUS; BIAS
AB Population subdivision due to habitat loss and modification, exploitation of wild populations and altered spatial population dynamics is of increasing concern in nature. Detecting population fragmentation is therefore crucial for conservation management. Using computer simulations, we show that a single sample estimator of N (e) based on linkage disequilibrium is a highly sensitive and promising indicator of recent population fragmentation and bottlenecks, even with some continued gene flow. For example, fragmentation of a panmictic population of N (e) = 1,000 into demes of N (e) = 100 can be detected with high probability after a single generation when estimates from this method are compared to prefragmentation estimates, given data for similar to 20 microsatellite loci in samples of 50 individuals. We consider a range of loci (10-40) and individuals (25-100) typical of current studies of natural populations and show that increasing the number of loci gives nearly the same increase in precision as increasing the number of individuals sampled. We also evaluated effects of incomplete fragmentation and found this N (e)-reduction signal is still apparent in the presence of considerable migration (m similar to 0.10-0.25). Single-sample genetic estimates of N (e) thus show considerable promise for early detection of population fragmentation and decline.
C1 [England, Phillip R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res & Wealth Oceans Flag, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA.
[Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet CIBIO, P-4485661 Vairao, Portugal.
[Waples, Robin S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP England, PR (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res & Wealth Oceans Flag, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
EM phillip.england@csiro.au
RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016
OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582;
FU Walton Family Foundation; Portuguese-American Foundation for
Development; CIBIO; UP
FX PRE was assisted by an Australian Academy of Sciences Visit to North
America Fellowship. GL was partially supported by a grant to FLBS from
the Walton Family Foundation and by the Portuguese-American Foundation
for Development, CIBIO, and UP. We thank Fred Allendorf for discussions
and hosting the visit to his lab by PRE.
NR 26
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U2 36
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2425
EP 2430
DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0112-x
PG 6
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 671KX
UT WOS:000283505900029
ER
PT J
AU Attard, CRM
Beheregaray, LB
Jenner, C
Gill, P
Jenner, M
Morrice, M
Bannister, J
LeDuc, R
Moller, L
AF Attard, Catherine R. M.
Beheregaray, Luciano B.
Jenner, Curt
Gill, Peter
Jenner, Micheline
Morrice, Margaret
Bannister, John
LeDuc, Rick
Moeller, Luciana
TI Genetic diversity and structure of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus)
in Australian feeding aggregations
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Blue whale; Balaenoptera musculus; Microsatellite; Mitochondrial DNA;
Australia
ID ATLANTIC HUMPBACK WHALES; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE;
COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BOTTLENECK; SEQUENCES; POWER; LOCI
AB The worldwide distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) has not prevented this species from becoming endangered due to twentieth century whaling. In Australia there are two known feeding aggregations of blue whales, which most likely are the pygmy subspecies (B. m. brevicauda). It is unknown whether individuals from these feeding aggregations belong to one breeding stock, or multiple breeding stocks that either share or occupy separate feeding grounds. This was investigated using ten microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA control region sequences (N = 110). Both sets of markers revealed no significant genetic structure, suggesting that these whales are likely to belong to the same breeding stock.
C1 [Beheregaray, Luciano B.; Moeller, Luciana] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
[Attard, Catherine R. M.; Beheregaray, Luciano B.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Jenner, Curt; Jenner, Micheline] Ctr Whale Res, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia.
[Gill, Peter; Morrice, Margaret] Blue Whale Study, Narrawong, Vic 3285, Australia.
[Gill, Peter; Morrice, Margaret] Deakin Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia.
[Bannister, John] Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6986, Australia.
[LeDuc, Rick] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Moeller, Luciana] Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
RP Moller, L (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
EM luciana.moller@flinders.edu.au
RI Beheregaray, Luciano/A-8621-2008;
OI Beheregaray, Luciano/0000-0003-0944-3003
FU Australian Defence Department; Australian Department of Environment,
Water, Heritage and the Arts [CAEC/14/2002, A19/2006, 2008/017]
FX This study was funded by the Australian Marine Mammal Centre, Australian
Antarctic Division. Sampling was conducted during a study program funded
by the Australian Defence Department and the Australian Department of
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts under animal ethics approval
from the Department of Conservation and Land Management Animal Ethics
Committee (#CAEC/14/2002), Deakin University Animal Welfare Committee
(#A19/2006), and/or Macquarie University Animal Research Authority
(#2008/017). Permits were supplied by the Department of Environment,
Water, Heritage and the Arts (EPBC permits #E2008-0001, #E2003-48230,
#E2002-00029) and Department of Sustainability and Environment in
Victoria (#10004017).
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PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1566-0621
J9 CONSERV GENET
JI Conserv. Genet.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 6
BP 2437
EP 2441
DI 10.1007/s10592-010-0121-9
PG 5
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 671KX
UT WOS:000283505900031
ER
PT J
AU Feldheim, KA
Chapman, DD
Simpfendorfer, CA
Richards, VP
Shivji, MS
Wiley, TR
Poulakis, GR
Carlson, JK
Eng, R
Sagarese, S
AF Feldheim, Kevin A.
Chapman, Demian D.
Simpfendorfer, Colin A.
Richards, Vincent P.
Shivji, Mahmood S.
Wiley, Tonya R.
Poulakis, Gregg R.
Carlson, John K.
Eng, Rowena
Sagarese, Skyler
TI Genetic tools to support the conservation of the endangered smalltooth
sawfish, Pristis pectinata
SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES
LA English
DT Article
DE Sawfish; Microsatellites; DNA barcoding; Wildlife trade
ID GREAT WHITE SHARK; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; TRADE; IDENTIFICATION;
RECOVERY; PROGRAM; SAMPLES; FISHES; MARKET; LOCI
AB The smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, is protected under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) and all forms of international trade of this species are prohibited under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). Although it is illegal to land or trade P. pectinata within the US or across its borders, it is difficult to enforce these regulations for some sawfish body parts because they resemble legally-traded shark body parts (e. g. dried fins). There is also a growing need for conservation genetics research on this species and its relatives, including assessments of population structure and genetic diversity. Given these pressing trade monitoring and research needs, we developed: (1) a rapid PCR-based test to identify P. pectinata body parts in trade in the US and western Atlantic, (2) a DNA-barcode based on 520 bp of cytochrome b that resolves P. pectinata and five other extant sawfish species and (3) a suite of 11 polymorphic P. pectinata microsatellite markers that can be used in a variety of conservation genetics applications for this and other sawfish species. We anticipate that this suite of genetic tools will contribute to the conservation of this critically endangered species and its relatives by reinforcing landings and trade restrictions and by enabling future conservation genetics research.
C1 [Feldheim, Kevin A.] Field Museum, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
[Chapman, Demian D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Ocean Conservat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Chapman, Demian D.; Eng, Rowena; Sagarese, Skyler] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Fishing & Fisheries Res Ctr, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
[Richards, Vincent P.; Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA.
[Wiley, Tonya R.] Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Coastal Fisheries Div, Dickinson Marine Lab, Dickinson, TX 77539 USA.
[Poulakis, Gregg R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Charlotte Harbor Field Lab, Port Charlotte, FL 33954 USA.
[Carlson, John K.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA.
RP Feldheim, KA (reprint author), Field Museum, Pritzker Lab Mol Systemat & Evolut, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
EM kfeldheim@fieldmuseum.org
RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011
OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238
FU National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) [GA133F08SE4254]; Pritzker
Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution; Grainger Foundation;
Institute for Ocean Conservation Science
FX This research was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS
award # GA133F08SE4254 to M. S. S., K. A. F. and D. D. C.), the Pritzker
Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, the Grainger
Foundation, and the Institute for Ocean Conservation Science. Sawfish
tissue samples were obtained under ESA permits # 1352 (Mote Marine
Laboratory), # 1475 (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission)
and # 1538 (NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center). Special thanks to
Shelley Norton (NOAA Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office) for
helping to secure funds, Nicole Phillips for providing tissue samples
from other sawfish species, and the Bimini Biological Field Station for
Bahamian samples.
NR 34
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U1 1
U2 42
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1877-7252
J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR
JI Conserv. Genet. Resour.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 2
IS 1
BP 105
EP 113
DI 10.1007/s12686-010-9175-8
PG 9
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity
GA 761PD
UT WOS:000290409000024
ER
PT J
AU Baums, IB
Johnson, ME
Devlin-Durante, MK
Miller, MW
AF Baums, I. B.
Johnson, M. E.
Devlin-Durante, M. K.
Miller, M. W.
TI Host population genetic structure and zooxanthellae diversity of two
reef-building coral species along the Florida Reef Tract and wider
Caribbean
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE Mexico; Bahamas; Honduras; Acropora cervicornis; Montastraea faveolata;
Symbiodinium Clade D
ID MONTASTRAEA-ANNULARIS; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ACROPORA-PALMATA; INBREEDING
DEPRESSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYMBIODINIUM; PATTERNS; COMPLEX; BOUNDARIES;
DISPERSAL
AB In preparation for a large-scale coral restoration project, we surveyed host population genetic structure and symbiont diversity of two reef-building corals in four reef zones along the Florida reef tract (FRT). There was no evidence for coral population subdivision along the FRT in Acropora cervicornis or Montastraea faveolata based on microsatellite markers. However, in A. cervicornis, significant genetic differentiation was apparent when extending the analysis to broader scales (Caribbean). Clade diversity of the zooxanthellae differed along the FRT. A. cervicornis harbored mostly clade A with clade D zooxanthellae being prominent in colonies growing inshore and in the mid-channel zones that experience greater temperature fluctuations and receive significant nutrient and sediment input. M. faveolata harbored a more diverse array of symbionts, and variation in symbiont diversity among four habitat zones was more subtle but still significant. Implications of these results are discussed for ongoing restoration and conservation work.
C1 [Baums, I. B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Johnson, M. E.] Florida Keys Field Off, Nat Conservancy, Summerland Key, FL 33042 USA.
[Devlin-Durante, M. K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Miller, M. W.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Baums, IB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM baums@psu.edu; meaghan_johnson@tnc.org; mkd143@psu.edu;
margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov
RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010
OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308
FU NSF OCE [0825979]; NOAA; Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative; TNC/NOAA;
National Undersea Research Center
FX This study was funded in part by the NSF OCE 0825979 and a NOAA contract
to IB, Florida's Wildlife Legacy Initiative, the TNC/NOAA
Community-Based Restoration Program grant, the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program and supported by the National Undersea Research
Center. Collection and export permits for corals were obtained from the
local authorities. Field collections were done by A. Banaszak, E.
Bartels, D. Gilliam, J. Herlan, R. Iglesias Prieto, L. Larson, D.
Lirman, the Medina lab, T. Moore, K. Nedimyer, B. Riegel, T. Smith, C.
Walter, A. Valdivia and D. Williams. Thanks to T. LaJeunesse for
comments on the manuscript.
NR 53
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Z9 31
U1 3
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 835
EP 842
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0645-y
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 676TE
UT WOS:000283940700002
ER
PT J
AU Vargas-Angel, B
AF Vargas-Angel, Bernardo
TI Crustose coralline algal diseases in the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
DE US Pacific; Crustose coralline algae; Disease; CLOD; Fungal disease
ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; BLACK-BAND DISEASE;
PRODUCTIVITY; SETTLEMENT; COMMUNITIES; PREVALENCE; PATHOGEN; ECOLOGY;
CLOD
AB Despite the critical role of crustose coralline algae (CCA) in coral reef formation, maintenance, and ecology, little is known about coralline algal disease abundance, distribution, etiology, or the potential implications of declining CCA flora. This paper presents the first quantitative study of CCA disease on U.S. Pacific coral reefs, based on Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 337 discrete sites, at 42 different U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands and Atolls, within 5 major geographical regions: main Hawaiian Islands, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, American Samoa, the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIA), and Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Five major disease categories were enumerated, and a disease occurrence index was estimated, based on case counts relative to percent CCA cover. CCA disease occurrence exhibited considerable spatial variability both between and within islands/atolls, with some regions being disproportionately affected by disease. No diseases were observed at remote Johnston and Wake Atolls, or the main Hawaiian Islands. Diseases were rare in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands; occasional to common around the PRIA, and common to abundant in American Samoa, Guam, and the Southern Mariana Islands. Pacific-wide, disease occurrence was statistically associated with CCA percent cover and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) but not with human population density; nonetheless, disease occurrence and population density were statistically correlated for those islands containing disease. Although Pacific-wide, the occurrence of disease was low, with no active outbreaks detected in any region, hot spots of disease were detected around Guam, the southern CNMI, American Samoa, and the PRIA. The high levels of spatial and temporal variability in disease occurrence herein underscore the patchy nature and fluctuating distribution dynamics of these afflictions. Also, the widespread dispersal capabilities and extraordinary infective properties of some of these pathogens highlight the importance of better understanding CCA disease dynamics and discerning the relative threat levels on coral reef ecosystems.
C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Pacif Isl Fisheries Sc, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
RP Vargas-Angel, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm,Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Pacif Isl Fisheries Sc, 1125 B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA.
EM Bernardo.VargasAngel@noaa.gov
FU NOAA; NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef
Ecosystem Division; NOAA Ship Hi'ialakai
FX This work was supported by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program.
Institutional, logistic, and financial support were also provided by the
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's Coral Reef Ecosystem
Division. Permission to work in different geographical regions was
granted by: State of Hawaii Department of Land and Aquatic Resources,
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, U. S. Air Force, American Samoa Department of Marine and
Wildlife Resources, Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, U. S.
National Park Service, Guam Department of Aquatic and Wildlife
Resources, CNMI Department of Environmental Quality, and CNMI Coastal
Resources Management Office. The officers and crew of the NOAA Ship
Hi'ialakai are also gratefully acknowledged for support with dive and
small boat operations. B Wheeler and J Kenyon assisted with a portion of
data collection around the main Hawaiian Islands (2006) and American
Samoa (2008), respectively. F Mancini extracted and compiled
island-wide, mean annual SSTs based on NOAA's array of subsurface
temperature recorder instrumentation deployed at selected locations
across the U. S. Pacific Islands. M Littler provided support with
disease identification and R Riosmena with selected CCA taxa
identification. S Schopmeyer, J Helyer and E Looney assisted with
disease data compilation; K Grimshaw, E Looney, T Acoba, and A Toperoff
provided assistance with preparation of figures. The author also wants
to thank E Looney, C Richards, P Vroom, and R Brainard, as well as three
anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved this manuscript.
NR 46
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U1 0
U2 14
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 943
EP 956
DI 10.1007/s00338-010-0646-x
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 676TE
UT WOS:000283940700016
ER
PT J
AU Benson, JD
Bagchi, A
Han, X
Critser, JK
Woods, EJ
AF Benson, James D.
Bagchi, Aniruddha
Han, Xu
Critser, John K.
Woods, Erik J.
TI Melting point equations for the ternary system water/sodium
chloride/ethylene glycol revisited
SO CRYOBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cryobiology; Ethylene glycol; Phase diagram; Calorimetry
ID OSMOTIC VIRIAL EQUATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE WATER; PHASE-DIAGRAM; EUTECTIC
TEMPERATURES; CRYOBIOLOGY
AB Partial phase diagrams are of considerable utility in the development of optimized cryobiological procedures. Recent theoretical predictions of the melting points of ternary solutions of interest to cryobiology have caused us to re-examine measurements that our group made for the ethylene-glycol-sodium chloride-water phase diagram. Here we revisit our previous experiments by measuring melting points at five ethylene-glycol to sodium chloride ratios (R values; R = 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45) and five levels of concentration for each ratio. Melting points were averaged from three measurements and plotted as a function of total solute concentration for each R value studied. The new measurements differed from our original experimental values and agreed with predicted values from both theoretical models. Additionally, the data were fit to the polynomial described in our previous report and the resulting equation was obtained:
T(m) = (38.3 - 2.145 x 10(-1)R)w + (81.19 - 2.909 x 10(-1)R)w(2),
where w is the total solute mass fraction. This new equation provided good fits to the experimental data as well as published values and relates the determined polynomial constants to the R value of the corresponding isopleths of the three dimensional phase diagram, allowing the liquidus curve for any R value to be obtained. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Woods, Erik J.] Gen BioTechnol LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA.
[Benson, James D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA.
[Bagchi, Aniruddha] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Han, Xu; Critser, John K.] Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
[Woods, Erik J.] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA.
RP Woods, EJ (reprint author), Gen BioTechnol LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA.
EM Erik@gnrlbiotech.com
FU General BioTechnology, LLC; National Institute of Standards and
Technology; National Research Council
FX This work was supported by General BioTechnology, LLC. J. Benson is
supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and a
National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship.
NR 18
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U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0011-2240
J9 CRYOBIOLOGY
JI Cryobiology
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 61
IS 3
BP 352
EP 356
DI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.10.001
PG 5
WC Biology; Physiology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology
GA 693HQ
UT WOS:000285215600017
PM 20955693
ER
PT J
AU Zajdel, P
Zubko, M
Kusz, J
Green, MA
AF Zajdel, P.
Zubko, M.
Kusz, J.
Green, M. A.
TI Single crystal growth and structural properties of iron telluride doped
with nickel
SO CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference of Polish Society for Crystal Growth
(ICPSCG)
CY MAY 20-24, 2010
CL Gdansk, POLAND
DE iron chalcogenides; single crystal growth; crystal structure
AB We report the single crystal growth of Fe1.1-xNixTe with nominal compositions x = 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 using a slow cooled melt technique. Cylindrical crystals 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 cm long were obtained. The initial characterization, done using single-crystal diffractometer, revealed that the lattice parameter a increases and c decreases with Ni content. The crystal structure refinement was performed in the P4/nmm space group. Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of nickel in the system close to the nominal content. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [Zajdel, P.; Zubko, M.; Kusz, J.] Univ Silesia, Dept Phys Crystals, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
[Green, M. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Zajdel, P (reprint author), Univ Silesia, Dept Phys Crystals, Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland.
EM pawel.zajdel@us.edu.pl
RI Zajdel, Pawel/B-7574-2013
OI Zajdel, Pawel/0000-0003-1220-5866
FU European Union
FX We would like to thank Prof. E. Talik for performing the SEM
measurements. MZ was partially supported by PhD scholarship within the
framework of the 'University as a Partner of the Economy Based on
Science' (UPGOW) project, subsidized by the European Social Fund (EFS)
of the European Union.
NR 14
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U1 2
U2 13
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0232-1300
EI 1521-4079
J9 CRYST RES TECHNOL
JI Cryst. Res. Technol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 45
IS 12
SI SI
BP 1316
EP 1320
DI 10.1002/crat.201000375
PG 5
WC Crystallography
SC Crystallography
GA 693ZF
UT WOS:000285263200018
ER
PT J
AU Quinn, GD
Studart, AR
Hebert, C
VerHoef, JR
Arola, D
AF Quinn, G. D.
Studart, A. R.
Hebert, C.
VerHoef, J. R.
Arola, D.
TI Fatigue of zirconia and dental bridge geometry: Design implications
SO DENTAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE All-ceramic bridge; Fatigue; Stress concentration; Zirconia
ID FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; FRACTURE-RESISTANCE;
STRESS-DISTRIBUTION; IN-VITRO; CERAMICS; LIFETIME; 3-UNIT; WATER
AB Zirconia is currently used as a framework material for posterior all- ceramic bridges. While the majority of research efforts have focused on the microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties of this material, clinical fractures appear to be largely associated with the appliance geometry.
Objective. The objective of this study was to estimate the maximum stress concentration posed by the connector geometry and to provide adjusted estimates of the minimum connector diameter that is required for achieving 20 years of function.
Methods. A simple quantitative description of the connector geometry in an all- ceramic 4unit bridge design is used with published stress concentration factor charts to estimate the degree of stress concentration and the maximum stress.
Results. The magnitude of stress concentration estimated for clinically relevant connector geometries ranges from 2 to 3. Using previously published recommendations for connector designs, adjusted estimates for the minimum connector diameter required to achieve 20 years of clinical function are presented.
Significance. To prevent clinical fractures the minimum connector diameter in multi- unit bridges designsmust account for the loads incurred during function and the extent of stress concentration posed by the connector geometry. (C) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Quinn, G. D.; Hebert, C.; VerHoef, J. R.; Arola, D.] UMBC, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
[Quinn, G. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Studart, A. R.] ETH, Dept Mat, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Arola, D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
RP Arola, D (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
EM darola@umbc.edu
FU National Institutes of Health [NIDCR DE017983, NIDCR DE016904]
FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health
under programs (NIDCR DE017983) and (NIDCR DE016904).
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U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0109-5641
J9 DENT MATER
JI Dent. Mater.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 12
BP 1133
EP 1136
DI 10.1016/j.dental.2010.07.014
PG 4
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science
GA 673FO
UT WOS:000283644700005
PM 20813401
ER
PT J
AU Ainsworth, CH
Kaplan, IC
Levin, PS
Mangel, M
AF Ainsworth, Cameron H.
Kaplan, Isaac C.
Levin, Phillip S.
Mangel, Marc
TI A statistical approach for estimating fish diet compositions from
multiple data sources: Gulf of California case study
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantis; Dirichlet; FishBase; fish diet; Gulf of California, Mexico;
gut content; maximum-likelihood estimation; predator-prey interactions;
Sea of Cortez; stomach content
ID MULTIVARIATE-BETA-DISTRIBUTION; MULTINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; ECOPATH; BALANCE;
CONSERVATION; ASSESSMENTS; DIRICHLET
AB Trophic ecosystem models are one promising tool for providing ecosystem-based management advice. Diet and interaction rate parameters are critical in defining the behavior of these models, and will greatly influence any predictions made in response to management perturbations. However, most trophic ecosystem models must rely on a patchwork of data availability and must contend with knowledge gaps and poor quantification of uncertainty. Here we present a statistical method for combining diet information from field samples and literature to describe trophic relationships at the level of functional groups. In this example, original fieldwork in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, provides gut content data for targeted and untargeted fish species. The field data are pooled with diet composition information from FishBase, an online data repository. Diet information is averaged across stomachs to represent an average predator, and then the data are bootstrapped to generate likelihood profiles. These are fit to a Dirichlet function, and from the resulting marginal distributions, maximum-likelihood estimates are generated with confidence intervals representing the likely contribution to diet for each predator-prey combination. We characterize trophic linkages into two broad feeding guilds, pelagic and demersal feeders, and explore differentiation within those guilds. We present an abbreviated food web for the northern Gulf of California based on the results of this study. This food web will form the basis of a trophic dynamic model. Compared to the common method of averaging diet compositions across predators, this statistical approach is less influenced by the presence of long tails in the distributions, which correspond to rare feeding events, and is therefore better suited to small data sets.
C1 [Ainsworth, Cameron H.] NOAA, NWFSC, Americas Inc, MRAG, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Kaplan, Isaac C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, NWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Ainsworth, CH (reprint author), NOAA, NWFSC, Americas Inc, MRAG, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM cameron.ainsworth@noaa.gov
RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011
FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation
FX We gratefully acknowledge Brice Semmens at Northwest Fisheries Science
Center (NWFSC) for helpful discussions and for providing MATLAB code to
fit gut content data to the Dirichlet distribution. We also thank
Bethann Pflugeisen for discussions on the Dirichlet distribution and
Nick Tolimieri at NWFSC for discussions on the statistical analysis.
Researchers from Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Oceanos
(CEDO) conducted field and laboratory work (Angeles Sanchez-Cruz, Rene
Loaiza-Villanueva, Sergio Perez-Valencia, and Veronica Castaneda
Fernandez de Lara) as well as researchers from Comunidad y Biodiversidad
(COBI) (Nabor Encinas, Mario Rojo, and Cesar Moreno) and the Centro de
Investigaciones Biologicas de Noroeste (CIBNOR-Guaymas). This study was
funded by a grant from the David and Lucille Packard Foundation.
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 8
BP 2188
EP 2202
DI 10.1890/09-0611.1
PG 15
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 690IM
UT WOS:000284996600011
PM 21265451
ER
PT J
AU Field, JC
MacCall, AD
Bradley, RW
Sydeman, WJ
AF Field, J. C.
MacCall, A. D.
Bradley, R. W.
Sydeman, W. J.
TI Estimating the impacts of fishing on dependent predators: a case study
in the California Current
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE breeding success; California Current; carrying capacity; ecosystem
management; juvenile rockfish; predator-prey interactions; prey resource
availability; seabirds; Sebastes spp.
ID ROCKFISH SEBASTES; CURRENT SYSTEM; TOP PREDATORS;
ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; FISHERY MANAGEMENT;
BRANDTS CORMORANTS; SANDEEL ABUNDANCE; UPWELLING SYSTEM; FARALLON-ISLAND
AB Juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are important prey to seabirds in the California Current System, particularly during the breeding season. Both seabird breeding success and the abundance of pelagic juvenile rockfish show high interannual variability. This covariation is largely a response to variable ocean conditions; however, fishing on adult rockfish may have had consequences for seabird productivity (e. g., the number of chicks fledged per breeding pair) by reducing the availability of juvenile rockfish to provisioning seabird parents. We tested the hypothesis that fishing has decreased juvenile rockfish availability and thereby limited seabird productivity over the past 30 years. We quantified relationships between observed juvenile rockfish relative abundance and seabird productivity, used fisheries stock assessment approaches to estimate the relative abundance of juvenile rockfish in the absence of fishing, and compared the differences in seabird productivity that would have resulted without rockfish fisheries. We examined the abundance of juvenile rockfish and the corresponding productivity of three seabird species breeding on Southeast Farallon Island (near San Francisco, California, USA) from the early 1980s to the present. Results show that while the relative abundance of juvenile rockfish has declined to similar to 50% of the estimated unfished biomass, seabirds achieved 75-95% of the estimated un-impacted levels of productivity, depending upon the species of bird and various model assumptions. These results primarily reflect seabirds with "conservative'' life histories (one egg laid per year) and may be different for species with more flexible life history strategies (greater reproductive effort). Our results are consistent with the premise that the impacts of local rockfish fisheries on seabird productivity are less than impacts that have occurred to the prey resources themselves due to ocean climate and the ability of seabirds to buffer against changes in prey availability through prey-switching and other behavioral mechanisms.
C1 [Field, J. C.; MacCall, A. D.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Bradley, R. W.] Point Reyes Bird Observ Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA.
[Sydeman, W. J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94975 USA.
RP Field, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM John.Field@noaa.gov
FU Farallon Institute; California Ocean Protection Council; California Sea
Grant [OPC-ENV07]; NOAA
FX Studies of seabirds on the Farallon Islands are facilitated by a
contract between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Point Reyes Bird
Observatory (PRBO). We thank many PRBO biologists for collecting the
data used in this report; Andre Punt, Stephen Ralston, Julie Thayer,
Brian Wells, and Anna Zagorska for comments and suggestions on earlier
drafts of this manuscript; two anonymous reviewers for comments that
greatly improved the final manuscript; Ian Stewart, Meisha Key, Xi He,
John Wallace, and David Sampson for their assistance in developing the
"dynamic'' B0 simulations; Jarrod Santora for producing Fig.
1; the Captain(s) and crew of the David Starr Jordan for their
invaluable assistance conducting the juvenile rockfish trawl survey; and
the multitude of workers who contributed to the seabird food habits and
productivity observations over the past three decades. Financial support
for W. J. Sydeman has come from donors of the Farallon Institute and
grants from the California Ocean Protection Council and California Sea
Grant (OPC-ENV07) and NOAA (Fisheries and the Environment program).
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 8
BP 2223
EP 2236
DI 10.1890/09-0428.1
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 690IM
UT WOS:000284996600013
PM 21265453
ER
PT J
AU Holsman, KK
McDonald, PS
Barreyro, PA
Armstrong, DA
AF Holsman, Kirstin K.
McDonald, P. Sean
Barreyro, Pablo A.
Armstrong, David A.
TI Restoration through eradication? Removal of an invasive bioengineer
restores some habitat function for a native predator
SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic smooth cordgrass; BACI design; bioengineers; Cancer magister;
Dungeness crab; eradication; estuaries; function; habitat; invasive
species; migratory predators; Spartina alterniflora
ID CRAB CANCER-MAGISTER; SUBADULT DUNGENESS CRAB; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY;
WILLAPA BAY; ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; SMOOTH
CORDGRASS; OYSTER REEFS; PACIFIC ESTUARIES; CARCINUS-MAENAS
AB Invasive aquatic macrophytes increase structural complexity in recipient systems and alter trophic and physical resources; thus, eradication programs that remove plant structure have potential to restore some impaired ecological functions. In this study we evaluate how an invasive ecosystem engineer, Atlantic smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), interferes with the movement and foraging activity of a mobile predator, Dungeness crab (Cancer magister), and whether removal of aboveground cordgrass structure rapidly reestablishes access to foraging habitats. By 2004, smooth cordgrass had invaded >25% of crab foraging habitat in Willapa Bay, Washington (USA), and transformed it into a highly structured landscape. However, by 2007 successful eradication efforts had eliminated most meadows of the cordgrass. In order to investigate the effect of smooth cordgrass on the habitat function of littoral areas for foraging crabs, we integrated field, laboratory, and statistical modeling approaches. We conducted trapping surveys at multiple sites and used a hierarchical model framework to examine patterns in catches prior to and following cordgrass removal (i.e., before-after control-impact design, BACI). Prior to eradication, catches of Dungeness crabs in unstructured habitats were 4-19 times higher than catches in adjacent patches of live cordgrass. In contrast, the results of post-eradication trapping in 2007 indicated similar catch rates of crabs in unstructured habitats and areas formerly invaded by the cordgrass. Subsequent laboratory experiments and video observations demonstrated that the rigid physical structure of smooth cordgrass shoots reduces the ability of Dungeness crabs to access prey resources and increases the risk of stranding. Taken together, these findings suggest that eliminating the structural complexity of invasive macrophytes may rapidly restore some ecological function (i.e., foraging area) for migratory predators like Dungeness crab. However, restoration of affected areas to a preinvasion state will also depend on long-term patterns of succession in invaded areas and the degree of persistence of physical changes that continue to alter biotic characteristics of the habitat. Our work highlights: (1) the efficacy of employing multiple methods of inquiry to evaluate causal relationships through mechanisms of interaction, and (2) the importance of targeting particular ecological functions when identifying both short-and long-term goals of restoration efforts.
C1 [Holsman, Kirstin K.; Armstrong, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[McDonald, P. Sean; Barreyro, Pablo A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Sci Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA.
RP Holsman, KK (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov
FU Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University; National
Science Foundation [OCE-0228618]; University of Washington [NA76RG0119,
R/ES-34]; NOAA [NA06OAR4170165]
FX We thank E. Buhle for statistical assistance and A. Admundsen, R.
Redekopp, M. Smith, H. Stapleton, and B. Stevick for help collecting
field data in Willapa Bay. We are grateful to D. Wilson and other
property owners in Willapa Bay for providing access to study locations.
P. Barreyro and P. McDonald received support from Shannon Point Marine
Center, Western Washington University, and an award from the National
Science Foundation (OCE-0228618). The manuscript was improved with
comments from two anonymous reviewers. Personnel support for this work
was also provided by the National Research Council and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northwest Fisheries
Science Center. This research was funded in part by a grant from
Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to NOAA
award number NA76RG0119, project R/ES-34, and the NOAA Coastal Ocean
Program under award number NA06OAR4170165. The views expressed herein
are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of
NOAA or any of its subagencies.
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PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1051-0761
J9 ECOL APPL
JI Ecol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 8
BP 2249
EP 2262
DI 10.1890/09-1168.1
PG 14
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 690IM
UT WOS:000284996600015
PM 21265455
ER
PT J
AU Clarke, LM
Munch, SB
Thorrold, SR
Conover, DO
AF Clarke, Lora M.
Munch, Stephan B.
Thorrold, Simon R.
Conover, David O.
TI High connectivity among locally adapted populations of a marine fish
(Menidia menidia)
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Atlantic silverside; connectivity; gene flow; local adaptation; Menidia
menidia; northeastern US Coast; otolith chemistry; population structure
ID GENE FLOW; ATLANTIC SILVERSIDE; NATURAL-SELECTION; ELEMENTAL
FINGERPRINTS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; DIFFERENT LATITUDES; RAINBOW
SMELT; OTOLITHS; MODELS; GROWTH
AB Patterns of connectivity are important in understanding the geographic scale of local adaptation in marine populations. While natural selection can lead to local adaptation, high connectivity can diminish the potential for such adaptation to occur. Connectivity, defined as the exchange of individuals among subpopulations, is presumed to be significant in most marine species due to life histories that include widely dispersive stages. However, evidence of local adaptation in marine species, such the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, raises questions concerning the degree of connectivity. We examined geochemical signatures in the otoliths, or ear bones, of adult Atlantic silversides collected in 11 locations along the northeastern coast of the United States from New Jersey to Maine in 2004 and eight locations in 2005 using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometry (irm-MS). These signatures were then compared to baseline signatures of juvenile fish of known origin to determine natal origin of these adult fish. We then estimated migration distances and the degree of mixing from these data. In both years, fish generally had the highest probability of originating from the same location in which they were captured (0.01-0.80), but evidence of mixing throughout the sample area was present. Furthermore, adult M. menidia exhibit highly dispersive behavior with some fish migrating over 700 km. The probability of adult fish returning to natal areas differed between years, with the probability being, on average, 0.2 higher in the second year. These findings demonstrate that marine species with largely open populations are capable of local adaptation despite apparently high gene flow.
C1 [Clarke, Lora M.; Munch, Stephan B.; Conover, David O.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 EW Highway,Room 15728, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM Lora.Clarke@noaa.gov
RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012
OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517
FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0425830, OCE-0134998]; New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation
FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (grant
OCE-0425830 to D. O. Conover and grant OCE-0134998 to S. R. Thorrold)
and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. We
thank past and present members of the Conover Laboratory, K. Able, S.
Hagan, R. Hagan, and J. Socrates for help with sample collections. We
thank V. Barner, T. Duffy, L. Hice, and A. Salvato for help with otolith
extractions. We thank S. Birdwhistell and D. Ostermann for assistance
with the otolith analyses and S. Sanudo for use of laboratory space. We
also thank R. Cerrato and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments
on the manuscript.
NR 51
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U1 0
U2 40
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 91
IS 12
BP 3526
EP 3537
DI 10.1890/09-0548.1
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 699AA
UT WOS:000285635100015
PM 21302825
ER
PT J
AU Lee, CH
Moffat, TP
AF Lee, Chang Hwa
Moffat, Thomas P.
TI A modified Damascene electrodeposition process for bottom-up filling of
recessed surface features
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Damascene process; Nickel; Superconformal deposition; Bottom up filling;
Mercaptobenzimidazole
ID SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; BLIND HOLES; THIN-FILM; COPPER; FABRICATION;
DEPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; MONOLAYERS; CONTACT; CELLS
AB A modification of the conventional Damascene metallization process is described whereby selective removal of the thin wetting/seed layer horn the sidewalls and free surfaces enables selective nucleation and bottom-up electrodeposition of metals and alloys in recessed sui face features The process is demonstrated by filling sub-micrometer trenches with electrodeposited Ni A conventional PVD Cu seed layer is etched to remove Cu from the sidewalls and free surface while leaving a continuous Cu wetting layer intact on the trench bottom The underlying non-wetting barrier layer provides a conductive path for electrodeposition from contacts on the perimeter of the work piece to the trench bottom The robustness of the bottom-up Ni electrodeposition process is greatly increased by the addition of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) to the plating bath The additive hinders spurious nucleation of Ni on residual Cu patches that may remain on the free sui face Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Lee, Chang Hwa; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 4
U2 22
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 28
BP 8527
EP 8531
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.045
PG 5
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 683AF
UT WOS:000284443400025
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, SM
Lee, CH
Kim, JJ
Moffat, TP
AF Hwang, Sun-Mi
Lee, Chang Hwa
Kim, Jae Jeong
Moffat, Thomas P.
TI Oxygen reduction reaction on electrodeposited Pt100-x-yNixPdy thin films
SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE Electrocatalysis; Electrodeposition; Pt alloys; PtNiPd; Oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR)
ID SHELL NANOPARTICLE ELECTROCATALYSTS; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; COMPOSITIONAL
CONTROL; ALLOY CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN ELECTROSORPTION; BIMETALLIC
NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE SEGREGATION; PLATINUM MONOLAYER; HIGH-THROUGHPUT;
INITIAL-STAGES
AB The kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were examined on a series of Pt100-x-yNixPdy ternary alloys Films were produced by electrodeposition that Involved a combination of underpotential and overpotential reactions For Pt-rich Pt100-x-yNixPdy alloy films (x < 0 65) Ni co-deposition occurred at underpotentials while for Ni-rich films (x> 0 65) deposition proceeded at overpotentials Rotating disk electrode (ROE) measurements of the ORR kinetics on Pt100-x-yNixPdy thin films revealed up to similar to 6 5-fold enhancement of the catalytic activity relative to Pt films with the same Pt mass loading More than half of the electrocatalytic gain may be attributed to surface area expansion due to Ni dealloying Surface area normalization based on the H-upd charge reduced the enhancement factor to a value less than 2 The most active ternary alloy film for ORR was Pt25Ni73Pd2 Comparison of the ORR on Pt Pt20Ni80 Pt25Ni73Pd2 thin films indicate that the binary alloy is the most active with a H-upd normalized ORR enhancement factor of up to 3 0 compared to 1 6 for the ternary alloy Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Hwang, Sun-Mi; Lee, Chang Hwa; Moffat, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Hwang, Sun-Mi; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea.
RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bureau Dr,Mail Stop 8551, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 52
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 34
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0013-4686
J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA
JI Electrochim. Acta
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 28
BP 8938
EP 8946
DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.013
PG 9
WC Electrochemistry
SC Electrochemistry
GA 683AF
UT WOS:000284443400081
ER
PT J
AU Ghosh, T
Elvidge, CD
Sutton, PC
Baugh, KE
Ziskin, D
Tuttle, BT
AF Ghosh, Tilottama
Elvidge, Christopher D.
Sutton, Paul C.
Baugh, Kimberly E.
Ziskin, Daniel
Tuttle, Benjamin T.
TI Creating a Global Grid of Distributed Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions from
Nighttime Satellite Imagery
SO ENERGIES
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 grid; Nighttime satellite image; LandScan population grid
ID CONSUMPTION; TRANSPORT
AB The potential use of satellite observed nighttime lights for estimating carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions has been demonstrated in several previous studies. However, the procedures for a moderate resolution (1 km(2) grid cells) global map of fossil fuel CO2 emissions based on nighttime lights are still in the developmental phase. We report on the development of a method for mapping distributed fossil fuel CO2 emissions (excluding electric power utilities) at 30 arc-seconds or approximately 1 km(2) resolution using nighttime lights data collected by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS). A regression model, Model 1, was initially developed based on carbon emissions from five sectors of the Vulcan data produced by the Purdue University and a nighttime satellite image of the U.S. The coefficient derived through Model 1 was applied to the global nighttime image but it resulted in underestimation of CO2 emissions for most of the world's countries, and the states of the U.S. Thus, a second model, Model 2 was developed by allocating the distributed CO2 emissions (excluding emissions from utilities) using a combination of DMSP-OLS nighttime image and population count data from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) LandScan grid. The CO2 emissions were distributed in proportion to the brightness of the DMSP nighttime lights in areas where lighting was detected. In areas with no DMSP detected lighting, the CO2 emissions were distributed based on population count, with the assumption that people who live in these areas emit half as much CO2 as people who live in the areas with DMSP detected lighting. The results indicate that the relationship between satellite observed nighttime lights and CO2 emissions is complex, with differences between sectors and variations in lighting practices between countries. As a result it is not possible to make independent estimates of CO2 emissions with currently available coarse resolution panchromatic satellite observed nighttime lights. However, the nighttime lights image in conjunction with the population grid can help in more accurate disaggregation of national CO2 emissions to a moderate resolution spatial grid.
C1 [Ghosh, Tilottama; Baugh, Kimberly E.; Ziskin, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Solar & Terr Phys Div, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sutton, Paul C.; Tuttle, Benjamin T.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
RP Ghosh, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM tilottama.ghosh@noaa.gov; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; paul.sutton@du.edu;
kim.baugh@noaa.gov; daniel.ziskin@noaa.gov; btuttle@du.edu
RI Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013
OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256
NR 29
TC 25
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 33
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1996-1073
J9 ENERGIES
JI Energies
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 12
BP 1895
EP 1913
DI 10.3390/en3121895
PG 19
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA 699XG
UT WOS:000285695600004
ER
PT J
AU Miller, JA
Wells, BK
Sogard, SM
Grimes, CB
Cailliet, GM
AF Miller, Jessica A.
Wells, Brian K.
Sogard, Susan M.
Grimes, Churchill B.
Cailliet, Gregor M.
TI Introduction to proceedings of the 4th International Otolith Symposium
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CHEMISTRY; PACIFIC
C1 [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Wells, Brian K.; Sogard, Susan M.; Grimes, Churchill B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA.
RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM jessica.miller@oregonstate.edu
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 3-4
BP 203
EP 207
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9715-9
PG 5
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 690BZ
UT WOS:000284976500001
ER
PT J
AU Zabel, RW
Haught, KI
Chittaro, PM
AF Zabel, Richard W.
Haught, Kern I.
Chittaro, Paul M.
TI Variability in fish size/otolith radius relationships among populations
of Chinook salmon
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Otolith Symposium
CY AUG 24-28, 2009
CL Monterey, CA
DE Otolith; Back-calculation; Growth; Chinook salmon
ID OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; BACK-CALCULATION; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH-RATES;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SIZE RELATIONSHIP; SOMATIC GROWTH; PACIFIC
SALMON; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL
AB Back-calculation of growth trajectories from otolith microstructure is a valuable tool for understanding mechanisms underlying variability in growth among fish populations. We analyzed fish length/otolith radius relationships for Snake River spring/summer Chinook and Snake River fall Chinook salmon, listed as separate "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (ESUs) under the US Endangered Species Act, to determine whether these ESUs shared relationships. In addition, we analyzed otoliths from seven separate populations within the Snake River spring/summer Chinook ESU to assess the variability in relationships among populations, which are much more closely related than ESUs. We also examined several potential functional forms for the equations. We found that the separate ESUs had significantly different fish length/otolith radius relationships, but that variability in otolith growth rate could not explain the difference. Relationships among populations within the spring/summer Chinook ESU did not vary nearly as much as those between ESUs. The quadratic model and the power model fit the data equally well, and constraining these models to pass through a biological intercept (estimated fish length and otolith radius at hatching) resulted in only a slight decrease in model fit. To test the ability of the models to back-calculate fish lengths, we predicted the length at tagging for 17 PIT-tagged fall Chinook that were measured at release and at recapture. The back-calculation demonstrated little bias (<1 mm FL, on average) and relatively small standard deviation (similar to 3.5 mm) for the best model. When we repeated the back-calculation with data from both ESUs combined, bias increased substantially (to 15 mm FL), demonstrating the importance of determining the proper taxonomic level at which to combine data within a species.
C1 [Zabel, Richard W.; Haught, Kern I.; Chittaro, Paul M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov
RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015
OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 3-4
BP 267
EP 278
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9678-x
PG 12
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 690BZ
UT WOS:000284976500006
ER
PT J
AU DiMaria, RA
Miller, JA
Hurst, TP
AF DiMaria, R. A.
Miller, J. A.
Hurst, T. P.
TI Temperature and growth effects on otolith elemental chemistry of larval
Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Otolith Symposium
CY AUG 24-28, 2009
CL Monterey, CA
DE Partition coefficient; Magnesium; Barium; Strontium; Otolith; Gadus
macrocephalus
ID SPOT LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MARINE FISH; STRONTIUM;
SALINITY; BARIUM; RATIOS; WATER; MANGANESE; GULF
AB Variation in otolith elemental composition is used to investigate movements of teleost fishes based on observations that otolith elemental composition reflects variation in water chemistry. Various environmental (e.g., temperature, salinity, and water concentration) and biological (e.g., growth, diet, and ontogeny) factors can influence otolith elemental incorporation although the relative influence of these factors remains poorly understood for most species. Therefore, we examined the effects of temperature and growth rate on the otolith elemental composition of larval Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus. The larvae were progeny of wild Pacific cod collected from spawning grounds near Kodiak Island, Alaska. Immediately after hatching, larvae were acclimated to 2 degrees C, 5 degrees C, and 8 degrees C and reared for 38-51 days. Otolith concentrations of Li, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Sr, and Ba were measured using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Li and Zn otolith concentrations were near detection limits and excluded from subsequent analyses. The effects of temperature on otolith partition coefficients (D(Me)) varied among elements. D(Mg) showed no relationship with temperature whereas D(Sr) and D(Ba) decreased with increasing temperature. It is possible that, for larval Pacific cod, kinetic effects are more important in the incorporation of Sr and Ba whereas metabolic effects may play a larger role in the incorporation of Mg. There was no evidence for an effect of somatic growth rate or otolith precipitation rate on D(Me) for any of the elements, which indicates that individual growth variation is unlikely to lead to misinterpretation of field-collected data. Understanding variable relationships among otolith elemental signatures, environmental conditions, and fish physiology can improve the accuracy of interpretations of field data, particularly in marine systems where spatial variation in element concentrations are typically lower than freshwater environments.
C1 [DiMaria, R. A.; Miller, J. A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Hurst, T. P.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP DiMaria, RA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM dimariar@onid.orst.edu
RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013
NR 39
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 2
U2 18
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 3-4
BP 453
EP 462
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9665-2
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 690BZ
UT WOS:000284976500021
ER
PT J
AU Barnett, BK
Patterson, WF
AF Barnett, Beverly K.
Patterson, William F., III
TI The effect of coring and pulverizing juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus
campechanus, otoliths on their chemical signatures
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Otolith Symposium
CY AUG 24-28, 2009
CL Monterey, CA
DE Otolith chemistry; ICP-MS; IR-MS; Red snapper
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; FISH OTOLITHS; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS; NURSERY AREAS;
BLUEFIN TUNA; MARINE FISH; CHEMISTRY; METAPOPULATION; POPULATIONS;
ELEMENTS
AB Experiments were conducted to test whether coring and pulverizing juvenile red snapper otoliths affected their chemical signatures, which consisted of element:Ca ratios (Ba:Ca, Li:Ca, Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Sr:Ca) and stable isotope delta values (delta C-13 and delta(18)o). Analysis of otolith pairs revealed no significant difference in elemental (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.954) or stable isotope signatures (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.991) between whole right versus whole left otoliths. Pulverizing otoliths did not contaminate elemental signatures (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.726), but elemental signatures were significantly different in otolith cores versus whole otoliths (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.015). Specifically, significant differences were detected in Ba:Ca, Mn:Ca, and Li:Ca between whole right versus cored left otoliths (paired t-test, p <= 0.012 for each), which resulted from systematic differences of slightly higher Ba:Ca and Mn:Ca in cored versus whole otoliths, while the opposite was true for Li:Ca. Stable isotope signatures also were significantly different between pulverized whole right versus cored and pulverized left otolith cores (Hotelling's paired T-2, p=0.007), which was driven by slightly lower delta C-13 and delta O-18 values in otolith cores versus whole otoliths (paired t-test, p <= 0.007 for each). However, no significant differences were found in either elemental or stable isotope signatures between whole right and cored left otoliths when residuals of right versus residuals of left signatures were analyzed (Hotelling's paired T-2, p >= 0.992). Overall, study results indicate extracted otolith cores reflect the chemistry of whole age-0 red snapper otoliths, but residuals should be modeled to account for systematic ontogenetic shifts observed in some constituents. Alternatively, cores of age-0 otoliths, instead of whole otoliths, could be analyzed initially to derive nursery-specific chemical signatures such that material later extracted from adult cores would correspond to the same dimensions as the otolith material originally assayed in age-0 otoliths.
C1 [Barnett, Beverly K.] NOAA, Fisheries SEFSC, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA.
[Patterson, William F., III] Univ W Florida, Dept Biol, Pensacola, FL 32514 USA.
RP Barnett, BK (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries SEFSC, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA.
EM Beverly.Barnett@noaa.gov
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 3-4
BP 463
EP 471
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9697-7
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 690BZ
UT WOS:000284976500022
ER
PT J
AU Barnett-Johnson, R
Teel, DJ
Casillas, E
AF Barnett-Johnson, Rachel
Teel, David J.
Casillas, Edmundo
TI Genetic and otolith isotopic markers identify salmon populations in the
Columbia River at broad and fine geographic scales
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Otolith Symposium
CY AUG 24-28, 2009
CL Monterey, CA
DE Conservation; Ecology; Freshwater; Habitat; Management; Marine
ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; LA-MC-ICPMS; CHINOOK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON;
MICROSATELLITE DNA; FISH POPULATIONS; ATLANTIC SALMON;
ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST
AB Processes occurring in freshwater, estuarine, and marine habitats strongly influence the growth, survival and reproductive success of salmonids. Nonetheless, implementing an ecosystem model explicitly linking these important habitats has been hindered by the inability to track the source identity of individuals where they co-occur. Here we explore the development and integration of natural markers-molecular and isotopic to characterize the natal sources of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Mid and Upper Columbia River summer/fall-run (UCR Su/F) population. Microsatellite DNA markers identified the majority of juveniles collected in rivers and hatcheries in the Mid and Upper Columbia River watershed to the Summer/Fall-run population in this watershed with 90% posterior probabilities of group membership. Strontium isotopes (Sr-87/Sr-86) measured in the natal rearing portion of the otolith showed significant geographic variation among natal rivers and hatcheries. Natal sites exhibited a wide dynamic range in Sr-87/Sr-86 source signatures (0.7043-0.7142), such that on average 61% of individuals were correctly classified to the location from which they were collected. We found that multilocus genotypes and otolith Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios collected on the same individuals were complementary markers when applied in a hierarchy. Microsatellites successfully assigned individuals to the broader UCR Su/F genetic group and Sr-87/Sr-86 provided finer-scale geographic assignments to five natal river and hatchery groups nested within the UCR Su/F population. The temporal stability of both genetic and Sr-87/Sr-86 markers, together with the coast-wide microsatellite baseline currently being used for mixed-stock fisheries management supports the further development and integration of Sr-87/Sr-86 markers to potentially achieve finer levels of stock resolution. Stock identification at the scales of individual rivers and hatcheries would help elucidate the abundance, distribution, and the relative contributions of natal sources important for the recovery and spatial management of Chinook salmon.
C1 [Barnett-Johnson, Rachel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Teel, David J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA USA.
[Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
EM Barnett-Johnson@biology.ucsc.edu
NR 66
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 1
U2 30
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0378-1909
EI 1573-5133
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 3-4
BP 533
EP 546
DI 10.1007/s10641-010-9662-5
PG 14
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 690BZ
UT WOS:000284976500029
ER
PT J
AU Viscido, SV
Holmes, EE
AF Viscido, Steven V.
Holmes, Elizabeth E.
TI Statistical modelling of communities and ecosystems using the LAMDA
software tool
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
LA English
DT Article
DE Multivariate auto-regressive first-order model; Community model; Time
series; Interaction matrix; Simulated annealing
ID TIME-SERIES; LAKE
AB Understanding species interactions is critical to discovering community dynamics. Recently, statistical methods for estimating species interaction strengths from time series data have been developed based on multivariate auto-regressive first-order, or MAR(1), models. However, the complex coding required presents a substantial barrier for most ecologists. We have developed LAMBDA, a software program that allows users to easily fit MAR(1) models to multi-species time series data. The LAMBDA package covers: data input and transformation, selection of the interactions to include via a search algorithm and model selection, estimation of interaction parameters via conditional least squares (CLS) regression or two different maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithms, estimation of confidence intervals via bootstrapping, and computation of community stability properties using the estimated model. We describe performance tests on the variability of estimates, computation speed, and CLS versus ML estimation using simulated data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Viscido, Steven V.] Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Life Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA.
[Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Viscido, SV (reprint author), Winston Salem State Univ, Dept Life Sci, 601 S Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27110 USA.
EM viscidost@wssu.edu
FU NRC
FX We are grateful the many people who assisted in LAMBDA's development,
including A. Ives, B. Dennis, S. Hampton, S. Katz, M. Scheuerell, and
three anonymous reviewers, as well as participants of two workshops (at
NCEAS and the 2007 ESA meeting) who provided comments and testing. SVV's
funding was provided through an NRC Post-doctoral Research
Apprenticeship.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-8152
J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW
JI Environ. Modell. Softw.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 12
BP 1905
EP 1908
DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.05.010
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 660PI
UT WOS:000282655200041
ER
PT J
AU Hammouda, B
AF Hammouda, Boualem
TI SANS from Pluronic P85 in d-water
SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Pluronics; Phase transitions; Small-angle neutron scattering; SANS;
Polymeric micelles
AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate Pluronic P85 (EO(26)PO(40)EO(26)) copolymer in deuterated water. A range of P85 fractions were measured for a wide sample temperature window. A rich phase behavior is reported. Unimers were observed below the critical micelle formation condition. At fixed P85 fraction, a number of micellar phases were observed upon increasing temperature: first spherical micelles, then cylindrical micelles, then lamellar micelles. At the highest temperature, a demixed lamellae phase was observed. Analysis of the SANS data consisted in fits to an empirical Guinier-Porod model that was appropriate for data fitting in the various phases at low P85 fractions. When the P85 fraction increased, an inter-particle structure factor was included to analyze SANS data from concentrated spherical micelles. At high P85 fractions, paracrystalline structures were observed as evidenced by an enhanced inter-particle interaction peak. A phase diagram for P85/d-water was obtained showing the various phases. Focusing on the spherical micelles phase for one sample composition, a core-shell model was used to fit SANS data and obtain sizes and scattering length densities. Using material balance equations, information such as the aggregation number (i.e., number of Pluronic macromolecules per micelle) and the number of hydration water molecules in the shell region are determined. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hammouda@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]
FX The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by
the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply
that these are the best for the purpose. This work is based upon
activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Discussions with Steve Kline are appreciated.
NR 5
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 24
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0014-3057
J9 EUR POLYM J
JI Eur. Polym. J.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 12
BP 2275
EP 2281
DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.10.012
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA 692CI
UT WOS:000285128700008
ER
PT J
AU Squires, D
AF Squires, Dale
TI Fisheries buybacks: a review and guidelines
SO FISH AND FISHERIES
LA English
DT Review
DE Buybacks; conservation; decommissioning schemes; fisheries
ID PROGRAMS; SUBSIDIES
AB Buybacks of fishing vessels, licences, access and other rights, and gear, sometimes called decommissioning schemes, have traditionally been a key policy tool to address overcapacity, overexploitation of fish stocks, and distributional issues in fisheries. Two more issues can be added, sustainable use of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity (i.e. ecological public goods and services) and providing a transition to a more rationalized fishery. This study discusses reasons for buybacks; examines consequences; considers asymmetric information, design of buyback auctions and other design issues; buybacks as a transition to a rationalized industry with strong property rights and governance, financing and transnational fisheries; draws out key lessons from the international experience; and provides an overall evaluation.
C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
EM dale.squires@noaa.gov
NR 48
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1467-2960
J9 FISH FISH
JI Fish. Fish.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 4
BP 366
EP 387
DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00365.x
PG 22
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 674BL
UT WOS:000283708400003
ER
PT J
AU Clemens, BJ
Binder, TR
Docker, MF
Moser, ML
Sower, SA
AF Clemens, Benjamin J.
Binder, Thomas R.
Docker, Margaret F.
Moser, Mary L.
Sower, Stacia A.
TI Similarities, Differences, and Unknowns in Biology and Management of
Three Parasitic Lampreys of North America
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID INDICATES SEA LAMPREYS; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE;
PETROMYZON-MARINUS L.; PACIFIC LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA;
LAKE-ONTARIO; GREAT-LAKES; MIGRATORY PHEROMONE; SPAWNING MIGRATION;
COLUMBIA RIVER
AB Sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, are invasive to the Laurentian Great Lakes where they have decimated native fishes. Great Lakes sea lampreys have been subjected to control measures for several decades, and the drive to control them has led to major advances in understanding their biology and in informing management. In contrast, anadromous sea and Pacific (Entosphenus tridentatus) lampreys have co-evolved with their oceanic prey. Both of these anadromous lampreys are in decline, and a limited amount of information on their biology has stymied conservation. The tendency has been to make biological inferences about anadromous lampreys based on the Great Lakes sea lamprey without justifiable evidence. We identify areas in which key information is missing for the juvenile (parasitic feeding) phase and adult freshwater spawning migrations, and compare and contrast information for these lampreys. Our comparisons reveal major differences, some intriguing similarities, and key unknowns that will require empirical testing.
C1 [Clemens, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
[Binder, Thomas R.] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
[Docker, Margaret F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Biol Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
[Moser, Mary L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA.
[Sower, Stacia A.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Mol & Comparat Endocrinol, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
RP Clemens, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
FU Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University; National Fish and
Wildlife Foundation; Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
FX We thank Dr. Carl Schreck for encouragement. Financial support was
provided by the Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife at Oregon State University,
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and the Columbia River
Inter-Tribal Fish Commission to BJC; the views expressed in this paper
do not necessarily constitute the views of any of these organizations.
Additional support was provided by NSF IOS-0849569 to SAS. This paper
benefited from comments from Stan van de Wetering, Ralph Lampman, Brett
Blundon, and Doug Markle. Two anonymous reviewers provided helpful and
constructive criticisms. We are grateful to Ulrich Reinhardt and Stan
van de Wetering for use of photos and to Deian Moore for the
illustration of the lampreys in Figure 1.
NR 114
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 29
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 12
BP 580
EP 594
DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.12.580
PG 15
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 701BR
UT WOS:000285789800003
ER
PT J
AU Ichinokawa, M
Brodziak, J
AF Ichinokawa, Momoko
Brodziak, Jon
TI Using adaptive area stratification to standardize catch rates with
application to North Pacific swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Standardizing catch per-unit effort; Spatial stratification; Highly
migratory species; Generalized linear model
ID LONGLINE FISHERY; MODEL; ABUNDANCE
AB This paper develops a new method to objectively construct an area stratification for standardizing catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) with generalized linear models (GLMs) This algorithm incorporates the advantages of binary recursion as used in regression trees to minimize a chosen objective function and extends the concept of stepwise model selection to minimize an appropriate goodness-of-fit criterion for a chosen statistical model such as GLM The algorithm can adaptively search for area stratifications that achieved better GLM fits to the CPUE data The new algorithm which we call GLM-tree is applied to swordfish CPUE data from Japanese longline vessels in the North Pacific as a case study The GLM-tree algorithm was conducted with the fishery CPUE data under alternative assumptions about the structural complexity of the GLMs and alternative choices of goodness-of-fit criteria e g Akaike or Bayesian information criteria Results show that the GLM-tree algorithm created area stratifications more effectively than area stratification determined in an ad hoc manner and made area stratifications with better fits to swordfish CPUE data until a goodness-of-fit criteria achieved minimum The algorithm produced many alternative models under different model complexity and area stratifications which could explain the swordfish CPUE data equally well because the structural complexity of the GLMs can be compensated by increasing the number of areas Effects of area stratifications on the estimates of standardized CPUE are also shown to indicate that estimates of the abundance indices tend to converge after a sufficient number of areas have been added (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 [Ichinokawa, Momoko] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Res Agcy, Shimizu Ku, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan.
[Brodziak, Jon] NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Ichinokawa, M (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Res Agcy, Shimizu Ku, 5 7 1 Orido, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan.
FU Fisheries Research Agency; National Marine Fisheries Service
FX This study study has been funded by the Fisheries Research Agency and
National Marine Fisheries Service Our colleagues in NRIFSF Y Takeuchi
and H Shono are thanked for their helpful discussion and statistical
advices K Yokawa is thanked for encouraging this study and giving useful
advices on fisheries targeting swordfish Thanks are extended to the ISC
Billfish Working Group members and chairman Dr G DiNardo who encouraged
this study and provided useful advices and discussion and an anonymous
reviewer whose helpful comments improved this manuscript
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 106
IS 3
BP 249
EP 260
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.08.001
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 691JW
UT WOS:000285077100001
ER
PT J
AU Harms, JH
Wallace, JR
Stewart, IJ
AF Harms, John H.
Wallace, John R.
Stewart, Ian J.
TI Analysis of fishery-independent hook and line-based data for use in the
stock assessment of bocaccio rockfish (Sebastes paucispinis)
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Standardized catch per unit effort; Relative index; Hook and line
research survey; GLM; Sebastes paucispinis
ID MODEL; CATCH
AB Fishery-Independent surveys are an important source of information for stock assessment and management worldwide Research surveys often use trawl gear to capture commercially valuable species and calculate indices of relative abundance or density However many species of interest do not occur in direct contact with the bottom or occur in areas where high-relief habitat precludes trawl operation This paper introduces a standardized hook and line survey for rockfish conducted by NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center in the Southern California Bight The survey uses fishing gear similar to that used in many recreational fisheries to sample approximately 120 locations covering a wide range of depths and habitats To provide an example of how these data can be analyzed for direct inclusion in stock assessments we standardize catch rates of bocaccio rockfish from 2004-2008 using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model to account for site fishing time survey vessel angler and other statistically significant effects Results indicate that the bocacao stock vulnerable to this survey in the Southern California Bight has shown a relatively flat trend over recent years Length frequency distributions indicate the presence of several strong cohorts that should be detectable in future stock assessments of bocacao for use in U S West Coast groundfish management This survey is the only available tuning index for the adult portion of the bocacao population in recent years as historically used recreational catch per unit effort indices have been compromised due to changes in bag limits and other management restrictions Published by Elsevier B V
C1 [Harms, John H.; Wallace, John R.; Stewart, Ian J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Harms, JH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 106
IS 3
BP 298
EP 309
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.08.010
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 691JW
UT WOS:000285077100006
ER
PT J
AU Wells, RJD
Rooker, JR
Prince, ED
AF Wells, R. J. David
Rooker, Jay R.
Prince, Eric D.
TI Regional variation in the otolith chemistry of blue marlin (Makaira
nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) from the western North
Atlantic Ocean
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Stable isotopes; Billfish; Stock structure; Otolith chemistry; Migration
ID PELAGIC LONGLINE GEAR; VERTICAL HABITAT USE; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL;
RECREATIONAL FISHERY; ROUNDSCALE SPEARFISH; STOCK STRUCTURE; SATELLITE
TAGS; MARINE FISH; TUNA; WATER
AB Stable carbon (delta C-13) and oxygen (delta O-18) isotopes in the whole otoliths of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) were quantified and regional variation in otolith composition was used to examine the population structure of both species in the western North Atlantic Ocean from collections taken over three decades (1981-2007) Otolith delta C-13 and delta O-18 of blue marlin and white marlin varied significantly among the regions investigated (Gulf of Mexico Straits of Florida Caribbean Sea and U S Atlantic) Overall cross-validated classification success was 62% for blue marlin and 46% for white marlin (collected in three of four regions) with highest classification success for blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico (85%) and for white marlin along the US Atlantic (58%) Variability in otolith delta O-18 of blue marlin and white marlin was higher in regions where individuals displayed a greater degree of movement based on previous tagging studies in the same regions Reduced variability in otolith delta O-18 of blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico combined with high classification success of individuals from this region suggests that movement out of this basin may be more limited than in other regions investigated Conversely higher variability in otolith delta O-18 and lower classification success for white marlin signifies that mixing among regions may be more common for this species These results suggest that the concept of migratory contingents may have some application to istiophorids in the western North Atlantic Ocean (i e blue marlin) but continue to support the concept of single Atlantic wide stocks for both species Published by Elsevier B V
C1 [Wells, R. J. David; Rooker, Jay R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA.
[Prince, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Wells, RJD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RI Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013
OI Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688
FU McDaniel Charitable Foundation; NOAA Fisheries SEFSC [NA-07NMF4720272]
FX We thank the personnel of NMFS SEFSC B Bumguardner at TPWD and
individuals of Texas A&M University at Galveston for assistance in
otolith collections and J Hoolihan for comments on an early draft
Support for this work was provided by the McDaniel Charitable Foundation
and NA-07NMF4720272 award to JRR from NOAA Fisheries SEFSC
NR 51
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
EI 1872-6763
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 106
IS 3
BP 430
EP 435
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.017
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 691JW
UT WOS:000285077100021
ER
PT J
AU Adams, CF
Harris, BP
Marino, MC
Stokesbury, KDE
AF Adams, Charles F.
Harris, Bradley P.
Marino, Michael C.
Stokesbury, Kevin D. E.
TI Quantifying sea scallop bed diameter on Georges Bank with geostatistics
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Geostatistics; Placopecten magellanicus; Scallop bed; Sea scallop;
Variogram
ID PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS; CLOSED AREAS; NORTH-SEA; SPATIAL STRUCTURE;
ABUNDANCE; FISHERY; VARIOGRAM; BIOMASS; USA; VARIABILITY
AB Spatially explicit management strategies require the identification of appropriate spatial scales for the observation analysis and management of fisheries Although the mesoscale (km) is the domain of traditional fisheries stock units there have been few attempts to describe mesoscale aggregations of scallops typically referred to as beds We quantified the average bed diameter of sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) using geostatistics Data were collected between 1999 and 2007 in the Northern Edge (NE) of Closed Area II and the Nantucket Lightship (NL) Closed Area on Georges Bank Average bed diameter in the NE varied between 65 and 8 6 km with classical variograms and 7 6-9 8 km with robust variograms Average bed diameter in the NL varied between 30 and 10 1 km with classical variograms and 40-13 22 km with robust variograms There was more spatial structure in the NE The spatial structure of the NL was less clearly defined and/or more variable Kriged maps indicate the presence of multiple beds in both areas Densities of ca 1 24 scallops/m(2) appeared to correspond well with the average bed diameters given by variograms These results can be used as guidelines for the observation and analysis of the sea scallop resource in the NE and NL Published by Elsevier B V
C1 [Adams, Charles F.; Harris, Bradley P.; Marino, Michael C.; Stokesbury, Kevin D. E.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.
RP Adams, CF (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Stat Off, 55 Great Republ Dr, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA.
FU SMAST the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries NOAA
[NA08NMF4720554]; Sea scallop fishery and supporting industries
FX We thank the owners captains and crews who sailed with us P Christopher
D Frei R Silva (NMFS) and L Gavlin (USCG) provided the Letters of
Authorization Aid was provided by SMAST the Massachusetts Division of
Marine Fisheries NOAA award NA08NMF4720554 and the sea scallop fishery
and supporting industries The views expressed herein are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any other
agencies
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 106
IS 3
BP 460
EP 467
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.021
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 691JW
UT WOS:000285077100025
ER
PT J
AU Heberer, C
Aalbers, SA
Bernal, D
Kohin, S
DiFiore, B
Sepulveda, CA
AF Heberer, C.
Aalbers, S. A.
Bernal, D.
Kohin, S.
DiFiore, B.
Sepulveda, C. A.
TI Insights into catch-and-release survivorship and stress-induced blood
biochemistry of common thresher sharks (Alopias vulpinus) captured in
the southern California recreational fishery
SO FISHERIES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Thresher shark; Survivorship; Mortality; Fishery
ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; J-HOOKS; EXERCISE; BIGHT;
PERFORMANCE; RECOVERY; CAUGHT; MUSCLE; CIRCLE
AB The common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) is the focus of a popular southern California recreational fishery that typically captures individuals by hooking them in the caudal fin This technique reduces the ability for forward locomotion and the capacity for ram ventilation This study assessed the post-capture survivorship of tail-hooked adult and sub-adult common thresher sharks using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and quantified physiological indicators of capture stress in the blood Survival of the acute effects of capture was determined from the depth and temperature records of 10-day PSAT deployments Survivorship estimates were based on 19 common thresher sharks [160-221 cm fork length (FL) similar to 67-151 kg] captured in southern California from 2007 to 2009 using recreational stand-up tackle (36 kg) Five mortalities were observed over the course of the study resulting in an overall post-release mortality estimate of 26% All mortalities occurred in large individuals (>= 180 cm FL) with fight times >= 85 min The archived depth and temperature data from surviving sharks resembled those of previous common thresher movement studies with a diel depth distribution predominantly within the uniformed temperature surface layer Capture Induced stress parameters measured from the blood of eight additional common thresher sharks that were not tagged revealed plasma lactate and hematocrit levels that were significantly elevated with increased fight time Similarly all thresher sharks showed heightened heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) values relative to those obtained from blood that was allowed to recover in vitro for 24 h Collectively our findings indicate that large tail-hooked common thresher sharks with prolonged fight times (>= 85 min) exhibit a heightened stress response which may contribute to an increased mortality rate These results suggest that for larger individuals the current caudal-based capture methods used in the California recreational fishery may not be suitable for an effective catch-and-release based conservation strategy (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 [Aalbers, S. A.; Sepulveda, C. A.] Pfleger Inst Environm Res, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA.
[Heberer, C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv NMFS SW Reg, Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA.
[Bernal, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA.
[Kohin, S.] NMFS SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[DiFiore, B.] Middlebury Coll, Dept Biol, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA.
RP Sepulveda, CA (reprint author), Pfleger Inst Environm Res, 315 N Clementine, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA.
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science
Foundation (NSF) [IOS-0617384, IOS-0617403]; George T Pfleger
Foundation; William H and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation
FX This material is based upon work supported by the Bycatch Reduction and
Engineering Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration and the National Science Foundation (NSF Grants
IOS-0617384 & IOS-0617403) Any opinions findings or conclusions
expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
Additional support was provided by the George T Pfleger Foundation and
the William H and Mattie Wattis Harris Foundation Special thanks are
offered to Natalie Spear Heidi Dewar Nick Wegner Thomas Fullam Jeanine
Sepulveda Victoria Wintrode Lorraine Bohnet Doug Syme Jake Ness Trevor
Young and Jock and Charlie Albright We appreciate the logistical support
from J Valdez S Adams and T Tazo We sincerely thank Thomas Pfleger and
Family for their continued dedication towards marine research
NR 36
TC 36
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U1 6
U2 44
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-7836
J9 FISH RES
JI Fish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 106
IS 3
BP 495
EP 500
DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.09.024
PG 6
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 691JW
UT WOS:000285077100028
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, CH
Park, CH
Park, SH
AF Hwang, Cheol-Hong
Park, Chung-Hwa
Park, Seul-Hyun
TI Correlations for dependence of NOx emissions on heat loss in premixed
CH4/air combustion
SO FUEL
LA English
DT Article
DE Nitrogen oxide (NOx); NOx correlation; Heat loss; Premixed combustion
ID FLAMES
AB The present study represents an effort to correlate the dependence of NOx emissions on heat losses to the atmospheric environment in a CH4/air fueled combustor. To this end, the numerical analysis was performed over a wide range of residence times, equivalence ratios and heat losses using a perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) code. The numerical results showed that the calculated NOx concentration initially increased, reached a maximum value and then decreased with increasing residence time when the heat loss was present. The similar variation was observed in changes in the thermal NO concentration that was evaluated by only considering the reactions associated with the thermal (Zeldovich) NO mechanism. With the heat loss increased, the calculated NOx concentration was substantially reduced for all equivalence ratios investigated. In addition, the reductions in the NOx concentration with respect to residence time became faster with increasing the equivalence ratio particularly for fuel rich conditions. The observed variations in the calculated NOx concentration over the residence time (NOx/tau) were found to fit well to the following correlation: ln(NOx/tau) = a(HLI) + b. In the correlation, HLI is the dimensionless heat loss parameter and coefficients a and b are constants expressed as a function of adiabatic flame temperature (for a given equivalence ratio) and equivalence ratio, respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hwang, Cheol-Hong; Park, Chung-Hwa] Daejeon Univ, Dept Fire & Disaster Prevent, Taejon 300716, South Korea.
[Park, Seul-Hyun] Drexel Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
RP Park, SH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM seul.park@gmail.com
NR 20
TC 2
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U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0016-2361
J9 FUEL
JI Fuel
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 89
IS 12
BP 3710
EP 3717
DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.028
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 653JK
UT WOS:000282086200013
ER
PT J
AU Finlay, CC
Maus, S
Beggan, CD
Bondar, TN
Chambodut, A
Chernova, TA
Chulliat, A
Golovkov, VP
Hamilton, B
Hamoudi, M
Holme, R
Hulot, G
Kuang, W
Langlais, B
Lesur, V
Lowes, FJ
Luhr, H
Macmillan, S
Mandea, M
McLean, S
Manoj, C
Menvielle, M
Michaelis, I
Olsen, N
Rauberg, J
Rother, M
Sabaka, TJ
Tangborn, A
Toffner-Clausen, L
Thebault, E
Thomson, AWP
Wardinski, I
Wei, Z
Zvereva, TI
AF Finlay, C. C.
Maus, S.
Beggan, C. D.
Bondar, T. N.
Chambodut, A.
Chernova, T. A.
Chulliat, A.
Golovkov, V. P.
Hamilton, B.
Hamoudi, M.
Holme, R.
Hulot, G.
Kuang, W.
Langlais, B.
Lesur, V.
Lowes, F. J.
Luehr, H.
Macmillan, S.
Mandea, M.
McLean, S.
Manoj, C.
Menvielle, M.
Michaelis, I.
Olsen, N.
Rauberg, J.
Rother, M.
Sabaka, T. J.
Tangborn, A.
Toffner-Clausen, L.
Thebault, E.
Thomson, A. W. P.
Wardinski, I.
Wei, Z.
Zvereva, T. I.
CA Int Assoc Geomagnetism Aeronomy Wo
TI International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the eleventh generation
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Magnetic field; Satellite magnetics
ID IGRF; MODELS; SPACE
AB The eleventh generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was adopted in December 2009 by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy Working Group V-MOD. It updates the previous IGRF generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2005.0, a main field model for epoch 2010.0, and a linear predictive secular variation model for 2010.0-2015.0. In this note the equations defining the IGRF model are provided along with the spherical harmonic coefficients for the eleventh generation. Maps of the magnetic declination, inclination and total intensity for epoch 2010.0 and their predicted rates of change for 2010.0-2015.0 are presented. The recent evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly and magnetic pole positions are also examined.
C1 [Finlay, C. C.] ETH, Inst Geophys, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Maus, S.; McLean, S.; Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Maus, S.; McLean, S.; Manoj, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Beggan, C. D.; Hamilton, B.; Macmillan, S.; Thomson, A. W. P.] British Geol Survey, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Bondar, T. N.; Chernova, T. A.; Golovkov, V. P.; Zvereva, T. I.] IZMIRAN, Pushkov Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radio Wa, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Reg, Russia.
[Chambodut, A.] Univ Strasbourg, EOST, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Strasbourg,UMR 7516, Strasbourg, France.
[Chulliat, A.; Hulot, G.; Thebault, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS INSU, UMR 7154, Equipe Geomagnetisme,Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France.
[Hamoudi, M.; Lesur, V.; Luehr, H.; Michaelis, I.; Rauberg, J.; Rother, M.; Wardinski, I.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
[Holme, R.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Environm Sci, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England.
[Kuang, W.; Sabaka, T. J.] NASA GSFC, Planetary Geodynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA.
[Langlais, B.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6112, Lab Planetol & Geodynam Nantes, Nantes, France.
[Lowes, F. J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
[Mandea, M.] Univ Paris Diderot, IPG Paris, F-75013 Paris, France.
[Menvielle, M.] Univ Paris 11, Dept Sci Terre, Orsay, France.
[Menvielle, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France.
[Olsen, N.; Toffner-Clausen, L.] DTU Space, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Tangborn, A.; Wei, Z.] UMBC, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA.
RP Finlay, CC (reprint author), ETH, Inst Geophys, Earth & Planetary Magnetism Grp, Sonneggstr 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM cfinlay@erdw.ethz.ch
RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011; Olsen,
Nils/H-1822-2011; Sabaka, Terence/D-5618-2012; MANDEA,
Mioara/E-4892-2012; Langlais, Benoit/K-5366-2012; Kuang,
Weijia/K-5141-2012; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Finlay,
Christopher/B-5062-2014; Lesur, Vincent/H-1031-2012; CHAMBODUT,
Aude/E-9615-2017
OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878; Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631;
Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Langlais, Benoit/0000-0001-5207-304X;
Kuang, Weijia/0000-0001-7786-6425; Finlay,
Christopher/0000-0002-4592-2290; Lesur, Vincent/0000-0003-2568-320X;
CHAMBODUT, Aude/0000-0001-8793-1315
FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) through Federal
Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE0944]; NASA; ESA; CNES; DARA;
Thomas B. Thriges Foundation; CONAE; DMI/DTU Space; NSF
FX The CHAMP mission is sponsored by the Space Agency of the German
Aerospace Centre (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of
Economics and Technology, following a decision of the German Federal
Parliament (grant code 50EE0944). Data retrieval and operation of the
CHAMP satellite by the German Space Operations Centre (GSOC) is
acknowledged. The Orsted Project was made possible by extensive support
from the Danish Government, NASA, ESA, CNES, DARA and the Thomas B.
Thriges Foundation. The SAC-C mission was supported by CONAE together
with NASA and DMI/DTU Space. The institutes that support magnetic
observatories together with INTERMAGNET are thanked for promoting high
standards of observatory practice. This is IPGP contribution no. 300(1).
W.K., A.T. and Z.W. were funded by NASA and the NSF. The IGRF-11 task
force finally wishes to express their gratitude to C. Manoj for
maintaining the IGRF web pages at NGDC.
NR 26
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U1 9
U2 68
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 183
IS 3
BP 1216
EP 1230
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04804.x
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 680YZ
UT WOS:000284274700010
ER
PT J
AU Simao, N
Escartin, J
Goslin, J
Haxel, J
Cannat, M
Dziak, R
AF Simao, N.
Escartin, J.
Goslin, J.
Haxel, J.
Cannat, M.
Dziak, R.
TI Regional seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: observations from
autonomous hydrophone arrays
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Time series analysis; Spatial analysis; Seismicity and tectonics;
Rheology and friction of fault zones; Mid-ocean ridge processes;
Atlantic Ocean
ID LINK CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; AZORES HOT-SPOT; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; EARTHQUAKE
CATALOGS; HYDROTHERMAL FIELD; AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES; GRAVITY-ANOMALIES;
DETACHMENT FAULTS; REYKJANES RIDGE; OMORI FORMULA
AB Autonomous hydrophones arrays are an excellent tool for monitoring mid-ocean ridge seismic activity. The major advantage of using arrays of autonomous hydrophones for recording deep-ocean ridge earthquakes is its low magnitude detection thresholds achievable using hydroacoustic techniques. Regional analysis of the detection thresholds of the different autonomous hydrophones arrays deployed along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge reveals the strong influence of the detection threshold in the number of recorded events and it must be taken into account in any further analysis. In this study, the analysis of both autonomous hydrophones and teleseismically detected Mid-Atlantic Ridge seismicity reveals that the background seismicity from the relatively short recording periods of the autonomous hydrophones mimic the results of the much longer teleseismic recording. It also reveals that seismicity generally cluster at both the segment scale and on Mantle Bouguer Anomaly maxima. The big majority of these clusters seem to be related to dyke intrusions and propagation along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These dyke intrusions interact with the mainshock-aftershock sequences. The seismic sequences mainshock-aftershock analysis reveals that the strength of the faults is highly influenced by the mode, or style, of faulting. Detachment faults, which are ubiquitous along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, can produce more prolific shorter duration seismic sequences revealing faster and reduced strain releases in comparison to higher angle normal faults. This reduced strain release is most likely to occur due to the presence of higher levels of serpentinization on detachment faults. Higher levels of serpentenisation can also promote an aseismic transient slip on the mainshock-aftershock sequences.
C1 [Simao, N.; Goslin, J.] Univ Brest, Univ Europeenne Bretagne, Brest, France.
[Simao, N.; Goslin, J.] Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, Domaines Ocean UMR6538, Plouzane, France.
[Escartin, J.; Cannat, M.] Inst Phys Globe, CNRS, Geosci Marines UMR7154, Paris, France.
[Haxel, J.; Dziak, R.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, PMEL NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Simao, N (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Geol UMR8538, Paris, France.
EM simao@geologie.ens.fr
RI ESCARTIN, Javier/A-1043-2010; Cannat, Mathilde/F-9304-2010; IPGP,
Geosciences Marines/F-8780-2010; ipgp, Laboratoire geoscien/F-8471-2010
OI ESCARTIN, Javier/0000-0002-3416-6856;
FU Laboratoire de Geologie de L'Ecole Normale Superieure
FX This work was made possible by the EU FP6 Marie Curie RTN MoMARnet,
Universite de Brest - Institut Universitaire Europeen de la Mer,
CNRS/INSU, Oregon State University, NOAA/PMEL and the country of
Portugal. This paper is IPGP contribution number 3080 and PMEL
contribution number 3618. The AuH operations were carried out by Cedric
Brachet, Matt Fowler and Joe Haxel. A special word to Haruyoshi
Matsumoto, designer of the AuH and Tai-Kwan Lau, programmer of the
T-phase analysis software. Crews and captains of several research
vessels from France, Portugal, United Kingdom and USA helped us to make
this project a success. Moreover, this manuscript profited greatly from
discussions with Carole Cordier, Del-Wayne Bohnenstiehl, Nicolas
Chamot-Rooke, Joaquim Luis, Marcia Maia, Jean-Yves Royer and Deborah
Smith. We thank one anonymous reviewer and Maya Tolstoy, who helped us
improve this manuscript. The Generic Mapping Tools was heavily used in
the making of the Figs for this paper. Last but not least I would like
to thank the Laboratoire de Geologie de L'Ecole Normale Superieure for
its support on the preparation of this manuscript.
NR 92
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U1 0
U2 13
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0956-540X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 183
IS 3
BP 1559
EP 1578
DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04815.x
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 680YZ
UT WOS:000284274700035
ER
PT J
AU Vance, TC
Doel, RE
AF Vance, Tiffany C.
Doel, Ronald E.
TI Graphical Methods and Cold War Scientific Practice: The Stommel
Diagram's Intriguing Journey from the Physical to the Biological
Environmental Sciences
SO HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Review
DE scientific diagrams; scientific techniques; knowledge transmission;
multidimensional; Henry Stommel; Loren Haury; physical oceanography;
marine ecology
ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; ECOLOGY; SCALE; OCEANOGRAPHY; FOUNDATION;
HISTORY; PATTERN; DEBATE
AB In the last quarter of the twentieth century, an innovative three-dimensional graphical technique was introduced into biological oceanography and ecology, where it spread rapidly. Used to improve scientists' understanding of the importance of scale within oceanic ecosystems, this influential diagram addressed biological scales from phytoplankton to fish, physical scales from diurnal tides to ocean currents, and temporal scales from hours to ice ages. Yet the Stommel Diagram (named for physical oceanographer Henry Stommel, who created it in 1963) had not been devised to aid ecological investigations. Rather, Stommel intended it to help plan large-scale research programs in physical oceanography, particularly as Cold War research funding enabled a dramatic expansion of physical oceanography in the 1960s. Marine ecologists utilized the Stommel Diagram to enhance research on biological production in ocean environments, a key concern by the 1970s amid growing alarm about overfishing and ocean pollution. Before the end of the twentieth century, the diagram had become a significant tool within the discipline of ecology. Tracing the path that Stommel's graphical techniques traveled from the physical to the biological environmental sciences reveals a great deal about practices in these distinct research communities and their relative professional and institutional standings in the Cold War era. Crucial to appreciating the course of that path is an understanding of the divergent intellectual and social contexts of the physical versus the biological environmental sciences.
C1 [Vance, Tiffany C.] NOAA, NMFS, AFSC, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Vance, Tiffany C.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Geog, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA.
[Doel, Ronald E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Hist, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Vance, TC (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, AFSC, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM tiffany.c.vance@noaa.gov; rdoel@fsu.edu
FU National Science Foundation [0333257, 0922651]; NOAA/NMFS/AFSC
Recruitment Processes Program; Tanner Humanities Center (University of
Utah); European Science Foundation's EUROCORES Programme; Department of
History at Florida State University
FX The authors thank the editors and staff of HSNS, particularly David
Kaiser and Diana Wear, for assistance in preparing the final manuscript,
and equally the comments of Edward Jones-Imhotep, and an anonymous
reviewer. Vance gratefully acknowledges valuable conversations about
Henry Stommel and the Stommel Diagram with Eric Mills, John McGowan,
David Schneider, Peter Wiebe, Carl Wunsch, Dennis Moore, Bruce Warren,
Andrew Vastano, and John Dunlap. Deborah Day of SIO Archives, and
Marissa Hudspeth, Lisa Raymond, and Rosemary Davis of the Data Library
and WHOI Archives, assisted greatly with archival research. Nazila
Merati and Jeffrey Napp provided editorial wisdom, constructive
criticisms, and pointed out needed clarifications. Part of this work was
supported by the National Science Foundation via an IGERT graduate
fellowship in Ecosystem Informatics (NSF award 0333257) at Oregon State
University and also by the NOAA/NMFS/AFSC Recruitment Processes Program.
Doel is grateful for constructive criticism from Kristine C. Harper.
Doel's participation in this work was supported by a Tanner Humanities
Center (University of Utah) resident fellowship, the European Science
Foundation's EUROCORES Programme "BOREAS: Histories from the
North-environments, movements, narratives," the National Science
Foundation [award 0922651], and the Department of History at Florida
State University.
NR 122
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U1 1
U2 14
PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
PI BERKELEY
PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303,
BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA
SN 1939-1811
J9 HIST STUD NAT SCI
JI Hist. Stud. Nat. Sci.
PD WIN
PY 2010
VL 40
IS 1
BP 1
EP 47
DI 10.1525/hsns.2010.40.1.1
PG 47
WC History & Philosophy Of Science
SC History & Philosophy of Science
GA 547WE
UT WOS:000273919600001
PM 20514742
ER
PT J
AU Lao, O
Vallone, PM
Coble, MD
Diegoli, TM
van Oven, M
van der Gaag, KJ
Pijpe, J
de Knijff, P
Kayser, M
AF Lao, Oscar
Vallone, Peter M.
Coble, Michael D.
Diegoli, Toni M.
van Oven, Mannis
van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.
Pijpe, Jeroen
de Knijff, Peter
Kayser, Manfred
TI Evaluating Self-declared Ancestry of US Americans With Autosomal,
Y-chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA
SO HUMAN MUTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE US Americans; genetic ancestry; self-declared ancestry; ASM; AIM;
Y-chromosome; NRY; mtDNA
ID CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; MTDNA DATA SET; POPULATION-STRUCTURE;
AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ADMIXTURE PROPORTIONS; SKIN PIGMENTATION;
GENETIC-STRUCTURE; BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ANCESTRY; UNITED-STATES;
POLYMORPHISMS
AB The current U.S. population represents an amalgam of individuals originating mainly from four continental regions (Africa, Europe, Asia and America). To study the genetic ancestry and compare with self-declared ancestry we have analyzed paternally, maternally and bi-parentally inherited DNA markers sensitive for indicating continental genetic ancestry in all four major U.S. American groups. We found that self-declared U.S. Hispanics and U.S. African Americans tend to show variable degrees of continental genetic admixture among the three genetic systems, with evidence for a marked sex-biased admixture history. Moreover, for these two groups we observed significant regional variation across the country in genetic admixture. In contrast, self-declared U.S. European and U.S. Asian Americans were genetically more homogeneous at the continental ancestry level. Two autosomal ancestry-sensitive markers located in skin pigmentation candidate genes showed significant differences in self-declared U.S. African Americans or U.S. European Americans, relative to their assumed parental populations from Africa or Europe. This provides genetic support for the importance of skin color in the complex process of ancestry identification. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 [Lao, Oscar; van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred] Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
[Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Coble, Michael D.; Diegoli, Toni M.] Res Sect, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD USA.
[van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Pijpe, Jeroen; de Knijff, Peter] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Human & Clin Genet, Leiden, Netherlands.
RP Kayser, M (reprint author), Erasmus MC Univ Med Ctr Rotterdam, Dept Forens Mol Biol, POB 2040, NL-3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
EM m.kayser@erasmusmc.nl
OI Lao, Oscar/0000-0002-8525-9649; van Oven, Mannis/0000-0003-0026-7998
FU Netherlands Forensic Institute; Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI) /
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) within the
Forensic Genomics Consortium Netherlands (FGCN)
FX Contract grant sponsor: Netherlands Forensic Institute; Netherlands
Genomics Initiative (NGI) / Netherlands Organization for Scientific
Research (NWO) within the framework of the Forensic Genomics Consortium
Netherlands (FGCN).
NR 73
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U1 1
U2 32
PU WILEY-LISS
PI HOBOKEN
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1059-7794
J9 HUM MUTAT
JI Hum. Mutat.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 31
IS 12
BP E1875
EP E1893
DI 10.1002/humu.21366
PG 19
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 693VG
UT WOS:000285252900001
PM 20886636
ER
PT J
AU Wiley, MJ
Hyndman, DW
Pijanowski, BC
Kendall, AD
Riseng, C
Rutherford, ES
Cheng, ST
Carlson, ML
Tyler, JA
Stevenson, RJ
Steen, PJ
Richards, PL
Seelbach, PW
Koches, JM
Rediske, RR
AF Wiley, M. J.
Hyndman, D. W.
Pijanowski, B. C.
Kendall, A. D.
Riseng, C.
Rutherford, E. S.
Cheng, S. T.
Carlson, M. L.
Tyler, J. A.
Stevenson, R. J.
Steen, P. J.
Richards, P. L.
Seelbach, P. W.
Koches, J. M.
Rediske, R. R.
TI A multi-modeling approach to evaluating climate and land use change
impacts in a Great Lakes River Basin
SO HYDROBIOLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate change; Land use; Land cover; Rivers; Modeling; Fisheries;
Salmon; Trout
ID MICHIGANS LOWER PENINSULA; UNITED-STATES; GROUND-WATER; MANAGEMENT;
STREAMS; CLASSIFICATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATIONS; SCENARIOS; ENSEMBLE
AB River ecosystems are driven by linked physical, chemical, and biological subsystems, which operate over different temporal and spatial domains. This complexity increases uncertainty in ecological forecasts, and impedes preparation for the ecological consequences of climate change. We describe a recently developed "multi-modeling" system for ecological forecasting in a 7600 km(2) watershed in the North American Great Lakes Basin. Using a series of linked land cover, climate, hydrologic, hydraulic, thermal, loading, and biological response models, we examined how changes in both land cover and climate may interact to shape the habitat suitability of river segments for common sport fishes and alter patterns of biological integrity. In scenario-based modeling, both climate and land use change altered multiple ecosystem properties. Because water temperature has a controlling influence on species distributions, sport fishes were overall more sensitive to climate change than to land cover change. However, community-based biological integrity metrics were more sensitive to land use change than climate change; as were nutrient export rates. We discuss the implications of this result for regional preparations for climate change adaptation, and the extent to which the result may be constrained by our modeling methodology.
C1 [Wiley, M. J.; Riseng, C.; Cheng, S. T.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Hyndman, D. W.; Kendall, A. D.; Stevenson, R. J.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Pijanowski, B. C.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Rutherford, E. S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
[Carlson, M. L.; Seelbach, P. W.] USGS Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
[Steen, P. J.] Huron River Watershed Council, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
[Tyler, J. A.] Fisheries Project Ltd, Farmington, CT USA.
[Richards, P. L.] SUNY Coll Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420 USA.
[Koches, J. M.; Rediske, R. R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Ctr, Muskegon, MI USA.
RP Wiley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM mjwiley@umich.edu
RI Hyndman, David/G-1576-2010; Wiley, Michael/A-6853-2012;
OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667
FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [2001.71]; National Science Foundation
[EAR-0233648]; USEPA [G2M104070]
FX This work was supported by the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (2001.71), the
National Science Foundation (EAR-0233648), and the USEPA STAR Program
(G2M104070). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of our granting agencies. Our sincere
thanks to all of the many folks who contributed work in the field, on
the computer, and in meetings; especially: Gary Noble (Muskegon
Watershed Assembly), Richard O'Neal (Michigan Department of Natural
Resources), Julie Metty (Great Lakes Fishery Trust), Jack Bails (Great
Lakes Fishery Trust), Matt Ladewig, Jonah Duckles, Deepak Ray, Shaw
Lacy, Solomon David, Yu-Chun Koa, Lori Ivan, Beth Sparks-Jackson, Kyung
Seo Park, and Kurt Thompson.
NR 72
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U1 2
U2 54
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0018-8158
J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA
JI Hydrobiologia
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 657
IS 1
BP 243
EP 262
DI 10.1007/s10750-010-0239-2
PG 20
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 656IP
UT WOS:000282323300017
ER
PT J
AU Murawski, SA
AF Murawski, Steven A.
TI Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the
ugly
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE fishery depletion; fishery rebuilding plans; overfishing definitions;
recovery plans; stock recovery; sustainable fisheries
ID MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS STOCK; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-SEA; MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES; REFERENCE POINTS; BLUEFIN TUNA; ATLANTIC COD; FISHERIES;
RECOVERY; COLLAPSE
AB Recovery of depleted fish populations has become an important theme in national and international negotiations and commitments regarding sustainability. Although up to 63% of fish stocks worldwide may be in need of rebuilding, only 1% are currently classified as "rebuilding", and fewer yet have been "rebuilt". Recent history in stock recovery provides a rich source of examples of rebuilding plans across a spectrum of execution ("good", "bad", "ugly", and "in progress"). Of 24 depleted stocks with formal plans that successfully reduced the fishing mortality, all but one exhibited signs of recovery. The median instantaneous annual rate of biomass recovery (0.16) was similar to the rate of depletion (-0.14) experienced, but stocks with more vulnerable life histories recovered substantially slower than they had been depleted. Most successful rebuilding programmes have incorporated substantial, measurable reductions in fishing mortality at the onset, rather than relying on incremental small reductions over time. A particularly vexing issue is the differential pace of recovery among relatively productive and unproductive components of mixed-species fisheries. Rebuilding the majority of stocks classified worldwide as "overfished" will take a more effective, consistent, and politically supported stock-recovery paradigm, if society is eventually to meet its articulated sustainability goals for global fisheries.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
RP Murawski, SA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3-14659, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM steve.murawski@noaa.gov
NR 78
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U1 9
U2 85
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 9
BP 1830
EP 1840
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq125
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 682UX
UT WOS:000284429600002
ER
PT J
AU Petitgas, P
Secor, DH
McQuinn, I
Huse, G
Lo, N
AF Petitgas, Pierre
Secor, Dave H.
McQuinn, Ian
Huse, Geir
Lo, Nancy
TI Stock collapses and their recovery: mechanisms that establish and
maintain life-cycle closure in space and time
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE behaviour; collapse; life-cycle diversity; recovery
ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; BAY STRIPED BASS;
NORTHERN COD; GEORGES BANK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES; ATLANTIC;
MIGRATION; POPULATIONS
AB Experience has established that the recovery of many collapsed stocks takes much longer than predicted by traditional fishery population models. We put forward the hypothesis that stock collapse is associated with disruption of the biological mechanisms that sustain life-cycle closure of intrapopulation contingents. Based on a review of case studies of nine marine fish stocks, we argue that stock collapses not only involve biomass loss, but also the loss of structural elements related to life-cycle diversity (contingents), as well as the breakdown of socially transmitted traditions (through a curtailed age range). Behavioural mechanisms associated with these structural elements could facilitate recovery of depleted populations. Migratory behaviour is argued to relate to phenotypic plasticity and the persistence of migration routes to social interactions. The case studies represent collapsed or depleted populations that recovered after a relatively short period (striped bass, capelin), after more than a decade (herring and sardine), or not at all (anchovy, cod). Contrasting the population dynamics from these stocks leads us to make a distinction between a depleted and a collapsed population, where, in addition to biomass depletion, the latter includes damage to contingent structure or space-use pattern. We also propose a mechanism to explain how lost habitats are recolonized.
C1 [Petitgas, Pierre] IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes 3, France.
[Secor, Dave H.] UMCES, CBL, Solomons Isl, MD 20688 USA.
[McQuinn, Ian] IML, DFO, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada.
[Huse, Geir] IMR, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
[Lo, Nancy] NOAA, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
RP Petitgas, P (reprint author), IFREMER, Rue Ille dYeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 3, France.
EM pierre.petitgas@ifremer.fr
RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012
OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827
FU EU [FP6-02 717]; IFREMER; UMCES-CBL
FX The study was partly supported by the EU project UNCOVER contract FP6-02
717 and a collaboration between IFREMER and UMCES-CBL. The ideas partly
originated from the ICES Study Group on Regional Scale Ecology of Small
Pelagics (2006) and the ICES Workshop on Testing the Entrainment
Hypothesis (2007). C. Hammer and N. Daan are thanked for their comments,
which improved the manuscript.
NR 65
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U1 2
U2 34
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
EI 1095-9289
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 9
BP 1841
EP 1848
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq082
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 682UX
UT WOS:000284429600003
ER
PT J
AU DiCosimo, J
Methot, RD
Ormseth, OA
AF DiCosimo, Jane
Methot, Richard D.
Ormseth, Olav A.
TI Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea
and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific)
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE acceptable biological catch; accountability measures; annual catch
limits; depletion; fisheries management; overfishing level; total
allowable catch
ID FISHERIES
AB In total, 41 fish stocks in US ocean waters continue to be fished at unsustainable levels, and 46 fish stocks are overfished. In 2006, the US Congress required the implementation of annual catch limits (ACLs) and accountability measures by 2010 to prevent overfishing, and by 2011 to recover overfished stocks. These requirements were modelled on the existing management system for Northeast Pacific groundfish, where more than 20 fish stocks and assemblages have been managed sustainably for 30 years. Science-based overfishing levels and acceptable biological catches (ABCs) have been implemented for each stock or assemblage, with buffers between the two to avoid overfishing. Total allowable catches are set at or below the acceptable biological catch. Suballocations of quotas by season, area, and gear type, along with in-season fishery closures based on extensive observer coverage and vessel monitoring, ensure that quotas are not exceeded. To comply with ACL requirements, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council has defined ABC as an ACL. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ACLs for successful management of Northeast Pacific groundfish, suggesting that their use in other US fisheries might reduce the risk of overfishing and enhance the recovery of overfished stocks.
C1 [DiCosimo, Jane] N Pacific Fishery Management Council, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
[Methot, Richard D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Ormseth, Olav A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP DiCosimo, J (reprint author), N Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave,Suite 306, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA.
EM jane.dicosimo@noaa.gov
NR 11
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 23
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 9
BP 1861
EP 1865
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq060
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 682UX
UT WOS:000284429600006
ER
PT J
AU Siddeek, MSM
Zheng, J
Morado, JF
Kruse, GH
Bechtol, WR
AF Siddeek, M. Shareef M.
Zheng, Jie
Morado, Joseph F.
Kruse, Gordon H.
Bechtol, William R.
TI Effect of bitter crab disease on rebuilding in Alaska Tanner crab stocks
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE age-sex-size-structured simulations; bitter crab disease; eastern Bering
Sea; rebuilding; Tanner crab
ID CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; BERING-SEA; C-OPILIO; RECRUITMENT; STRATEGIES;
PARAMETERS
AB Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi stocks were declared overfished in 1996 and were closed to commercial fishing between 1997 and 2004. Subsequent management was based on a rebuilding plan using criteria from the previous US federal fisheries management plan (FMP). Under the revised 2008 FMP, reference points changed for mature biomass ( male only vs. total), as well as catch levels ( total vs. retained), resulting in different rebuilding criteria. We performed a rebuilding analysis using age- ,sex-, and size-structured simulations incorporating recent changes in overfishing definitions. Specifically, we compared the potential effect of additional mortality that bitter crab disease could have on rebuilding performance of lightly infected EBS and heavily infected southeast Alaska Tanner crab stocks. The results suggest that under the assumed recruitment scenario, the new control rules are adequate to rebuild the depleted lightly infected EBS stock, but not the heavily infected southeast Alaska stock.
C1 [Siddeek, M. Shareef M.; Zheng, Jie] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
[Morado, Joseph F.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Kruse, Gordon H.; Bechtol, William R.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Siddeek, MSM (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, POB 115526, Juneau, AK 99811 USA.
EM shareef.siddeek@alaska.gov
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 8
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 9
BP 2027
EP 2032
DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq061
PG 6
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 682UX
UT WOS:000284429600026
ER
PT J
AU Verma, VB
Reddy, U
Dias, NL
Bassett, KP
Li, X
Coleman, JJ
AF Verma, V. B.
Reddy, U.
Dias, N. L.
Bassett, K. P.
Li, X.
Coleman, J. J.
TI Patterned Quantum Dot Molecule Laser Fabricated by Electron Beam
Lithography and Wet Chemical Etching
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Coupled quantum dots; quantum dot laser; quantum dot molecule; quantum
dots
ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; INAS ISLANDS; MU-M; DEPOSITION; GAAS; SINGLE;
GROWTH; WELL; OPERATION; WIRES
AB We report on the fabrication and characterization of an edge-emitting semiconductor laser with a gain medium consisting of two layers of patterned, self-aligned, vertically coupled quantum dots (QDs) using a wet-etching and regrowth technique. A threshold current density of 300 A/cm(2) is demonstrated at 77 K. The presence of emission from QD excited states in both the spontaneous emission and laser spectra indicates 3-D quantum confinement in QDs fabricated using this technique.
C1 [Verma, V. B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Reddy, U.; Dias, N. L.; Bassett, K. P.; Li, X.; Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61801 USA.
RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM verma@illinois.edu; cvreddy@illinois.edu; ndiasan2@illinois.edu;
kpbasset@illinois.edu; xi-uling@illinois.edu; jcoleman@illinois.edu
RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; Li, Xiuling/A-2240-2010
FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [433 143-874a]; National
Science Foundation [08-21 979]
FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency, under Grant No. 433 143-874a and in part by the
National Science Foundation, under Grant No. 08-21 979. This paper was
recommended by Associate Editor A. C. Bryce.
NR 34
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9197
J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT
JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 46
IS 12
BP 1827
EP 1833
DI 10.1109/JQE.2010.2047246
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA 681XZ
UT WOS:000284359100002
ER
PT J
AU Xu, XL
Liang, D
Tsang, L
Andreadis, KM
Josberger, EG
Lettenmaier, DP
Cline, DW
Yueh, SH
AF Xu, Xiaolan
Liang, Ding
Tsang, Leung
Andreadis, Konstantinos M.
Josberger, Edward G.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
Cline, Donald W.
Yueh, Simon H.
TI Active Remote Sensing of Snow Using NMM3D/DMRT and Comparison With CLPX
II Airborne Data
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE
SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE CLPX; dense media radiative transfer; numerical Maxwell model; QCA;
snow; VIC
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER THEORY; SIMULATIONS; EXTINCTION; SCATTERING; MODEL
AB We applied the Numerical Maxwell Model of three-dimensional simulations (NMM3D) in the Dense Media Radiative Theory (DMRT) to calculate backscattering coefficients. The particles' positions are computer-generated and the subsequent Foldy-Lax equations solved numerically. The phase matrix in NMM3D has significant cross-polarization, particularly when the particles are densely packed. The NMM3D model is combined with DMRT in calculating the microwave scattering by dry snow. The NMM3D/DMRT equations are solved by an iterative solution up to the second order in the case of small to moderate optical thickness. The numerical results of NMM3D/DMRT are illustrated and compared with QCA/DMRT. The QCA/DMRT and NMM3D/DMRT results are also applied to compare with data from two specific datasets from the second Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX II) in Alaska and Colorado. The data are obtained at the Ku-band (13.95 GHz) observations using airborne imaging polarimetric scatterometer (POLSCAT). It is shown that the model predictions agree with the field measurements for both co-polarization and cross-polarization. For the Alaska region, the average snow depth and snow density are used as the inputs for DMRT. The grain size, selected from within the range of the ground measurements, is used as a best-fit parameter within the range. For the Colorado region, we use the Variable Infiltration Capacity Model (VIC) to obtain the input snow profiles for NMM3D/DMRT.
C1 [Xu, Xiaolan; Liang, Ding; Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Andreadis, Konstantinos M.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Josberger, Edward G.] US Geol Survey, Washington Water Sci Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA.
[Cline, Donald W.] NOAA, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN 55317 USA.
[Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Xu, XL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM xlxu@uw.edu
RI Liang, Ding/F-7460-2012; Liang, Ding/K-6959-2012; lettenmaier,
dennis/F-8780-2011
OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
NR 22
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 19
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1939-1404
J9 IEEE J-STARS
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 4
BP 689
EP 697
DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2053919
PN 2
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote
Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 695GA
UT WOS:000285357400012
ER
PT J
AU Booth, JC
Orloff, ND
Mateu, J
Janezic, M
Rinehart, M
Beall, JA
AF Booth, James C.
Orloff, Nathan D.
Mateu, Jordi
Janezic, Michael
Rinehart, Matthew
Beall, James A.
TI Quantitative Permittivity Measurements of Nanoliter Liquid Volumes in
Microfluidic Channels to 40 GHz
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Coplanar waveguides (CPWs); microelectrodes; microfluidics; microwave
integrated circuits; microwave spectroscopy; permittivity measurement
ID BROAD-BAND PERMITTIVITY; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOLOGICAL CELLS;
WAVE-GUIDE; COMPLEX; DIELECTROPHORESIS; ABSORPTION; BIOSENSOR; SYSTEM;
FLUIDS
AB We describe the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a new on-wafer measurement platform for the rapid and quantitative determination of the complex permittivity of nanoliter fluid volumes over the continuous frequency range from 45 MHz to 40 GHz. Our measurement platform integrates micrometer-scale poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic channels with high-frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines to accurately place small fluid volumes at well-defined locations within planar measurement structures. We applied new on-wafer calibration techniques to accurately determine the scattering parameters of our integrated devices, and we developed a transmission-line model to extract the distributed circuit parameters of the fluid-loaded transmission line segment from the response of the overall test structure. All the necessary model parameters were experimentally determined directly from a single set of measurements without requiring a reference fluid of known permittivity. We extracted the complex permittivity of the fluid under test from the distributed capacitance and conductance per unit length of the fluid-loaded transmission line segment using finite-element analysis of the transmission line cross section. Our measurements show excellent agreement with bulk fluid permittivity determinations for methanol at room temperature and yield consistent results for the extracted fluid permittivity for the same microfluidic channel embedded in multiple CPW transmission lines of different dimensions.
C1 [Booth, James C.; Orloff, Nathan D.; Janezic, Michael; Beall, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Mateu, Jordi] CTTC, Barcelona 08860, Spain.
[Mateu, Jordi] Univ Politecn Cataluna, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
[Rinehart, Matthew] Duke Univ, Biomed Interferometry & Opt Spect BIOS Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM booth@boulder.nist.gov
OI Orloff, Nathan/0000-0001-5391-4699; Mateu, Jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966
FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [RYC-2005-01125]
FX The authors would like to thank D. LeGolvan for help with measurements
and A. Lewandowski for assistance with the analysis. J. Mateu would like
to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education through Contract
RYC-2005-01125.
NR 50
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 1
U2 17
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0018-9456
EI 1557-9662
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 59
IS 12
BP 3279
EP 3288
DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2047141
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 678LN
UT WOS:000284076000025
ER
PT J
AU Persily, A
Musser, A
Emmerich, SJ
AF Persily, A.
Musser, A.
Emmerich, S. J.
TI Modeled infiltration rate distributions for U.S. housing
SO INDOOR AIR
LA English
DT Article
DE Distributions; Frequency; Housing; Residential; Ventilation
ID AIR EXCHANGE-RATES; VENTILATION; ERRORS
AB P>A set of 209 dwellings that represent 80% of U.S. housing stock is used to generate frequency distributions of residential infiltration rates. The set of homes is based on an analysis of the 1997 U.S. Department of Energy's Residential Energy Consumption Survey, which documents numerous housing characteristics including type, floor area, number of rooms, type of heating system, foundation type, and year of construction. The infiltration rate distributions are developed using the multizone network airflow model, CONTAM (CONTAMW 2.4 User Guide and Program Documentation, NISTIR 7251. National Institute of Standards and Technology.). In this work, 19 cities are selected to represent U.S. climatic conditions, and CONTAM simulations are performed for each of the 209 houses in these cities to calculate building air change rates for each hour over a year. Frequency distributions are then developed and presented nationally as well as based on house type and region.
Practical Implications
These distributions will support indoor air quality, exposure, and energy analyses based on a truly representative collection of U.S. homes, which has previously not been possible. In addition, the methodology employed can be extended to other countries and other collections of buildings. For U.S.-specific analyses, these homes and their models, can be extended to include occupants, contaminant sources, and other building features to allow a wide range of studies to address other ventilation and indoor air quality issues.
C1 [Persily, A.; Emmerich, S. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Musser, A.] Vandemusser Design LLC, Asheville, NC USA.
RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MS8633,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM andyp@nist.gov
RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010
NR 22
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 1
U2 25
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0905-6947
J9 INDOOR AIR
JI Indoor Air
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 20
IS 6
BP 473
EP 485
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00669.x
PG 13
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public,
Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental &
Occupational Health
GA 679OY
UT WOS:000284171900004
PM 21070374
ER
PT J
AU Costa, DP
Huckstadt, LA
Crocker, DE
McDonald, BI
Goebel, ME
Fedak, MA
AF Costa, Daniel P.
Huckstadt, Luis A.
Crocker, Daniel E.
McDonald, Birgitte I.
Goebel, Michael E.
Fedak, Michael A.
TI Approaches to Studying Climatic Change and its Role on the Habitat
Selection of Antarctic Pinnipeds
SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology
CY JAN 03-07, 2010
CL Seattle, WA
SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol
ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; PENINSULA CONTINENTAL-SHELF; KRILL
EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; KING-GEORGE ISLAND; FUR SEALS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR;
MIROUNGA-LEONINA; MARGUERITE BAY; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; KERGUELEN
ISLANDS
AB Top predators integrate resources over time and space, and depending on the particular species they represent, different components of the marine environment. The habitat utilization of top predators has been studied using electronic tags to follow their movements and foraging behavior. In addition, these tags provide information on the physical characteristics of the water column (temperature and salinity) at a scale and resolution that is coincident with the animals' behavior. In addition to data on the animals' behavior, these tags provide physical oceanographic data in regions or at times they cannot be collected using other currently available technologies. These data inform us on how these important top predators are likely to respond to climatic change, as well as about how the Southern Ocean is changing.
C1 [Costa, Daniel P.; Huckstadt, Luis A.; McDonald, Birgitte I.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
[Crocker, Daniel E.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
[Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA NMFS, Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
[Fedak, Michael A.] Univ St Andrews, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland.
RP Costa, DP (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA.
EM costa@biology.ucsc.edu
RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010; Fedak, Michael/B-3987-2009
OI Fedak, Michael/0000-0002-9569-1128
NR 89
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 22
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 1540-7063
J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL
JI Integr. Comp. Biol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 50
IS 6
BP 1018
EP 1030
DI 10.1093/icb/icq054
PG 13
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 682VF
UT WOS:000284430400010
PM 21558256
ER
PT J
AU Beaulieu, C
Ouarda, TBMJ
Seidou, O
AF Beaulieu, Claudie
Ouarda, Taha B. M. J.
Seidou, Ousmane
TI A Bayesian normal homogeneity test for the detection of artificial
discontinuities in climatic series
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE homogenisation; climatic series; Bayesian technique; changepoint;
exponential family; normal distribution; metadata
ID MAXIMAL T-TEST; TEMPERATURE SERIES; CHANGE-POINT; CHANGEPOINT DETECTION;
PRECIPITATION SERIES; RANDOM-VARIABLES; LINEAR-MODEL; UNKNOWN TIME;
SEQUENCE; SHIFTS
AB A Bayesian Normal Homogeneity Test (BNHT) for the detection of artificial discontinuities in climatic series is presented. The test is simple to use and allows the integration of prior knowledge on the date of change from various sources of information (e. g. metadata or expert belief) in the analysis. The performance of the new test was evaluated on synthetic series with similar statistical properties as observed total annual precipitation in the southern and central parts of the province of Quebec, Canada. Different priors were used to investigate the sensitivity of the test to the choice of priors. It was found that (1) high-prior probability of no change yields low false detection rates on the homogeneous series; (2) the test has a very high power of detection on series with a single shift (the best power of detection if compared with previous methods applied to the same synthetic series); (3) shifts having a small magnitude are detectable with a low prior probability of no change and (4) when applied to series with multiple shifts with a segmentation procedure and a high probability of no change, the test proved to be performing well in detecting multiple shifts (as performing as the best techniques previously applied to the same synthetic series). An example of application to total annual precipitation in Quebec City, Canada is also presented to illustrate (1) a case for which the results are not affected by the choice of the prior parameters and (2) a case for which information about potential changes found in the metadata was integrated in the analysis and allowed the detection of a change that would not have been detected with a non-informative prior. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Beaulieu, Claudie] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Ouarda, Taha B. M. J.] Univ Quebec, INRS ETE, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
[Seidou, Ousmane] Univ Ottawa, Dept Civil Engn, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
RP Beaulieu, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM beaulieu@princeton.edu
RI Seidou, Ousmane/N-6280-2015
OI Seidou, Ousmane/0000-0003-1706-0176
FU Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT);
National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC);
Canada Research Chair Program
FX The authors wish to thank the Fonds Quebecois de Recherche sur la Nature
et les Technologies (FQRNT), the National Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Research Chair Program
for funding this research. The authors would like to thank an anonymous
reviewer, the editor and I. B. MacNeill for their precious comments. The
authors would also like to thank L. A. Vincent of the Meteorological
Service of Canada for providing the metadata.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 7
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI CHICHESTER
PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND
SN 0899-8418
J9 INT J CLIMATOL
JI Int. J. Climatol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 15
BP 2342
EP 2357
DI 10.1002/joc.2056
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 694OI
UT WOS:000285307100009
ER
PT J
AU Jacobson, DL
Hussey, DS
Baltic, E
Udovic, TJ
Rush, JJ
Bowman, RC
AF Jacobson, D. L.
Hussey, D. S.
Baltic, E.
Udovic, T. J.
Rush, J. J.
Bowman, R. C., Jr.
TI Neutron imaging studies of metal-hydride storage beds
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Hydrogen; Neutron; Radiography; Storage; Tomography
ID PRODUCE 20 K; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ALLOYS; RADIOGRAPHY
AB Neutron radiography and tomography were used to study the transient and steady state distributions respectively of hydrogen within a prototypical LaNi4 78Sn0 22 based hydrogen storage bed during and after various absorption and desorption steps It was shown that using deuterium instead of hydrogen enabled the imaging of thicker beds These measurements serve to demonstrate the unique utility of neutron imaging as an important diagnostic tool for in situ, real time characterization of hydrogen concentration profiles in practical hydrogen storage systems Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T Nejat Veziroglu
C1 [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.; Baltic, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA.
[Udovic, T. J.; Rush, J. J.; Bowman, R. C., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA.
[Rush, J. J.; Bowman, R. C., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Jacobson, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20988 USA.
OI Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713
FU U S Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division the
Director's office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department
of Energy [DE AI-01 01EE50660, DE AI 01 05EE11104]
FX The authors wish to thank D P Pearson, P R Wilson J W Reiter and M M
King from JPL for their assistance in making available the Planck
cryocooler hydride sorbent beds for the neutron imaging experiments at
NIST This work was supported by the U S Department of Commerce, the NIST
Ionizing Radiation Division the Director's office of NIST, the NIST
Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy interagency
agreement Nos DE AI-01 01EE50660 and DE AI 01 05EE11104
NR 34
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 6
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-3199
EI 1879-3487
J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG
JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 35
IS 23
SI SI
BP 12837
EP 12845
DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.143
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
GA 687AE
UT WOS:000284743900016
ER
PT J
AU Hooten, MB
Johnson, DS
Hanks, EM
Lowry, JH
AF Hooten, Mevin B.
Johnson, Devin S.
Hanks, Ephraim M.
Lowry, John H.
TI Agent-Based Inference for Animal Movement and Selection
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Agent-based model; Change of support; Continuous model; Hierarchical;
Bayesian model; Individual-based model
ID ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; HABITAT SELECTION; MULE
DEER; MODELS; TELEMETRY; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMS
AB Contemporary ecologists often find themselves with an overwhelming amount of data to analyze. For example, it is now possible to collect nearly continuous spatiotemporal data on animal locations via global positioning systems and other satellite telemetry technology. In addition, there is a wealth of readily available environmental data via geographic information systems and remote sensing. We present a modeling framework that utilizes these forms of data and builds on previous research pertaining to the quantitative analysis of animal movement. This approach provides additional insight into the environmental drivers of residence and movement as well as resource selection while accommodating path uncertainty. The methods are demonstrated in an application involving mule deer movement in the La Sal Range, Utah, USA. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.
C1 [Hooten, Mevin B.; Hanks, Ephraim M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, NMML, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Lowry, John H.] Utah State Univ, RS GIS Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM mevin.hooten@usu.edu; devin.johnson@noaa.gov;
ephraim.hanks@aggiemail.usu.edu; john.lowry@usu.edu
FU USGS [1434-06HQRU1555]; NOAA [AB133F-09-SE-4640]
FX This research was funded by USGS 1434-06HQRU1555 and NOAA
AB133F-09-SE-4640. The authors would also like to thank Mary Conner,
Leslie McFarlane, and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources for
providing data and many helpful suggestions.
NR 33
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 5
U2 36
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1085-7117
EI 1537-2693
J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST
JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 15
IS 4
BP 523
EP 538
DI 10.1007/s13253-010-0038-2
PG 16
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
Biology; Mathematics
GA 688MD
UT WOS:000284852500007
ER
PT J
AU Hammouda, B
AF Hammouda, Boualem
TI Analysis of the Beaucage model
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE small-angle scattering; Beaucage model; Guinier-Porod model
ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; MICROEMULSIONS
AB The Beaucage model is used to analyze small-angle scattering (SAS) data from fractal and particulate systems. It models the Guinier and Porod regions with a smooth transition between them and yields a radius of gyration and a Porod exponent. This model is an approximate form of an earlier polymer fractal model that has been generalized to cover a wider scope. The practice of allowing both the Guinier and the Porod scale factors to vary independently during nonlinear least-squares fits introduces undesired artefacts in the fitting of SAS data to this model. Such artefacts as well as an error in the original formulation of the model are discussed. This model is compared with other published models.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM hammouda@nist.gov
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]
FX The identification of commercial products or search engines does not
imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. This work is
based on activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation
under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Discussions with David Mildner are
valued.
NR 15
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 1
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 43
BP 1474
EP 1478
DI 10.1107/S0021889810033856
PN 6
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 684LH
UT WOS:000284550900024
ER
PT J
AU Testa, JW
Adams, GP
Bergfelt, DR
Johnson, DS
Ream, RR
Gelatt, TS
AF Testa, J. Ward
Adams, Gregg P.
Bergfelt, Don R.
Johnson, Devin S.
Ream, Rolf R.
Gelatt, Thomas S.
TI Replicating necropsy data without lethal collections: using
ultrasonography to understand the decline in northern fur seals
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Callorhinus ursinus; embryonic diapause; fecundity;
Pribilof Islands; St. Paul Island
ID MOOSE ALCES-ALCES; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GREY SEALS;
HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; PUP PRODUCTION; BODY CONDITION;
PREGNANCY; ULTRASOUND
AB 1. Many valuable contributions to the biology and conservation of harvested or previously harvested species have come from examination of specimens obtained by lethal collections. The northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, has a long history of exploitation, including a large (> 320 000) experimental harvest of females from 1955 to 1968 when the population was at a peak (similar to 2 million seals). The decline caused by this harvest was followed in 1977 by another major decline, apparently unrelated to harvest, that has recently accelerated.
2. To obtain current reproductive data that could be compared directly with historic estimates, we used imaging ultrasonography to estimate pregnancy rate in 171 adult fur seals captured on St. Paul Island, Alaska, in November, near the end of embryonic diapause. A modified logistic regression of pregnancy by date was used to estimate asymptotic pregnancy rate; a Bayesian hierarchical model based on date and size of embryonic vesicle was also used to account for pregnancies that were not detectable on the date of examination.
3. Pregnancy rate was high [0.85 (SE = 0.05), 0.88 (SE = 0.05) or 0.92 (SE = 0.04), depending on method] and there was little statistical support for the hypothesis that the current pregnancy rate is lower than the pre-decline rate (0.84, SE = 0.012) or contributing significantly to the present decline.
4. Synthesis and applications. Further study on intrauterine losses and pupping rates is necessary and ongoing, but reproductive ultrasonography provided an early comparative assessment important for the conservation management of this fur seal stock. It narrows the search for demographic and ecological causes of the population decline and allows research priorities to evolve in response to the likelihood of those causes. The field and analytic methods described have application to population assessments of other mammalian species, including those considered threatened or serving as ecosystem indicators.
C1 [Testa, J. Ward; Johnson, Devin S.; Ream, Rolf R.; Gelatt, Thomas S.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Testa, J. Ward] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Adams, Gregg P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
[Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Off Sci Coordinat & Policy, Washington, DC 20460 USA.
RP Testa, JW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
EM ward.testa@noaa.gov
FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory; Alaska Fisheries Science Center; U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency; Western College of Veterinary Medicine;
University of Saskatchewan
FX We wish to thank J. Baker, D. Deghetto, E. C. Goertz, C. Kuhn, E.
Kunisch, B. Page, P. Pomeroy, J. Sterling, J. Thomason and M. Williams
for their assistance in the field. Support was provided by the National
Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Support for
DRB was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. GPA was
supported by the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Saskatchewan. We thank J. Baker, LL. Boyd and P. P. Pomeroy and 4
anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. Fur
seal captures were conducted under Marine Mammal Protection Act Permit
No. 782-1708-00 issued to the National Marine Mammal Laboratory.
Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National
Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
NR 62
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0021-8901
J9 J APPL ECOL
JI J. Appl. Ecol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 6
BP 1199
EP 1206
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01888.x
PG 8
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 677IQ
UT WOS:000283983200006
ER
PT J
AU Guentchev, G
Barsugli, JJ
Eischeid, J
AF Guentchev, Galina
Barsugli, Joseph J.
Eischeid, Jon
TI Homogeneity of Gridded Precipitation Datasets for the Colorado River
Basin
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; SERIES; OSCILLATION;
IMPACTS; ADJUSTMENTS
AB Inhomogeneity in gridded meteorological data may arise from the inclusion of inhomogeneous station data or from aspects of the gridding procedure itself. However, the homogeneity of gridded datasets is rarely questioned, even though an analysis of trends or variability that uses inhomogeneous data could be misleading or even erroneous. Three gridded precipitation datasets that have been used in studies of the Upper Colorado River basin were tested for homogeneity in this study: that of Maurer et al., that of Beyene and Lettenmaier, and the Parameter Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) dataset of Daly et al. Four absolute homogeneity tests were applied to annual precipitation amounts on a grid cell and on a hydrologic subregion spatial scale for the periods 1950-99 and 1916-2006. The analysis detects breakpoints in 1977 and 1978 at many locations in all three datasets that may be due to an anomalously rapid shift in the Pacific decadal oscillation. One dataset showed breakpoints in the 1940s that might be due to the widespread change in the number of available observing stations used as input for that dataset. The results also indicated that the time series from the three datasets are sufficiently homogeneous for variability analysis during the 1950-99 period when aggregated on a subregional scale.
C1 [Guentchev, Galina] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Climate Variabil & Predictabil Project, Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise Fellowship Pr, Boulder, CO USA.
[Barsugli, Joseph J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci Western Water Asse, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Eischeid, Jon] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Guentchev, G (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL PSD, 1D-513,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM galina.guentchev@noaa.gov
RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015
OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396
FU Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) Fellowship Program; NOAA;
Bureau of Reclamation; Western Water Assessment; Southern Nevada Water
Authority
FX This research was supported by the Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise
(PACE) Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation
for Atmospheric Research, jointly funded by NOAA, the Bureau of
Reclamation, the Western Water Assessment, and the Southern Nevada Water
Authority. We acknowledge the invaluable advice and expertise of Klaus
Wolter, Robin Webb, and Martin Hoer ling, who helped to improve this
manuscript. We also extend our gratitude to Dennis Lettenmaier and his
group at the University of Washington for making available the Beyene
and Lettenmaier dataset for our analyses. Last, we kindly express our
gratitude to the editor and to the anonymous reviewers. Their valuable
comments and suggestions were greatly appreciated and increased the
quality of this paper.
NR 29
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1558-8424
J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM
JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 12
BP 2404
EP 2415
DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2484.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702KV
UT WOS:000285894500002
ER
PT J
AU Johnston, C
Ufnar, JA
Griffith, JF
Gooch, JA
Stewart, JR
AF Johnston, C.
Ufnar, J. A.
Griffith, J. F.
Gooch, J. A.
Stewart, J. R.
TI A real-time qPCR assay for the detection of the nifH gene of
Methanobrevibacter smithii, a potential indicator of sewage pollution
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE environmental/recreational water; indicators; intestinal microbiology;
polymerase chain reaction (PCR); water quality
ID MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; FECAL POLLUTION; PCR ASSAY; WATER;
AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION
AB Aims: To develop a quantitative, real-time PCR assay to detect the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii. Methanobrevibacter smithii is a methanogenic archaea found in the intestinal tract of humans that may be a useful indicator of sewage pollution in water.
Methods and Results: Quantification standards were prepared from Meth. smithii genomic DNA dilutions, and a standard curve was used to quantify the target gene and calculate estimated genome equivalency units. A competitive internal positive control was designed and incorporated into the assay to assess inhibition in environmental extracts. Testing the assay against a panel of 23 closely related methanogen species demonstrated specificity of the assay for Meth. smithii. A set of 36 blind water samples was then used as a field test of the assay. The internal control identified varying levels of inhibition in 29 of 36 (81%) samples, and the Meth. smithii target was detected in all water samples with known sewage input.
Conclusions: The quantitative PCR assay developed in this study is a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of the Meth. smithii nifH gene that includes an internal control to assess inhibition. Further research is required both to better evaluate host specificity of this assay and the correlation with human health risks.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This research is the first description of the development of a rapid and sensitive quantitative assay for a methanogenic archaeal indicator of sewage pollution.
C1 [Johnston, C.; Gooch, J. A.; Stewart, J. R.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Johnston, C.; Gooch, J. A.; Stewart, J. R.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Johnston, C.] Jardon & Howard Technol Inc, Orlando, FL USA.
[Ufnar, J. A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Sci Outreach, Nashville, TN USA.
[Griffith, J. F.] So Calif Coastal Water Res Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA.
[Stewart, J. R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Johnston, C (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
EM chris.x.johnston@noaa.gov
RI Griffith, John/B-6110-2011; Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012
OI Griffith, John/0000-0002-9542-6519;
FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative
FX This work was funded in part by the NOAA Oceans and Human Health
Initiative. This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any
commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other
results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication
furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion that would
indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary
product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to
cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this
publication.
NR 41
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 27
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 1364-5072
J9 J APPL MICROBIOL
JI J. Appl. Microbiol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 109
IS 6
BP 1946
EP 1956
DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04824.x
PG 11
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 679OI
UT WOS:000284170300011
PM 21070516
ER
PT J
AU Anderson, ET
Stoskopf, MK
Morris, JA
Clarke, EO
Harms, CA
AF Anderson, E. T.
Stoskopf, M. K.
Morris, J. A., Jr.
Clarke, E. O.
Harms, C. A.
TI Hematology, Plasma Biochemistry, and Tissue Enzyme Activities of
Invasive Red Lionfish Captured off North Carolina, USA
SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY REFERENCE INTERVALS; BLOOD CELL COUNTS; PTEROIS-VOLITANS;
CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ATLANTIC; VALUES; ENVENOMATION; STURGEON; HYBRID;
FISHES
AB The red lionfish Pterois volitans is important not only in the aquarium trade but also as an invasive species in the western Atlantic. Introduced to waters off the southeastern coast of the United States, red lionfish have rapidly spread along much of the East Coast and throughout Bermuda, the Bahamas, and much of the Caribbean. Hematology and plasma biochemistry were evaluated in red lionfish captured from the offshore waters of North Carolina to establish baseline parameters for individual and population health assessment. Blood smears were evaluated for total and differential white blood cell counts, and routine clinical biochemical profiles were performed on plasma samples. To improve the interpretive value of routine plasma biochemistry profiles, tissue enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], lactate dehydrogenase [LD], and creatine kinase [CK]) were analyzed from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract, and heart tissues from five fish. The hematological and plasma biochemical values were similar to those of other marine teleosts except that the estimated white blood cell counts were much lower than those routinely found in many species. The tissue enzyme activity findings suggest that plasma LD, CK, and AST offer clinical relevance in the assessment of red lionfish.
C1 [Anderson, E. T.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Clarke, E. O.; Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
[Anderson, E. T.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Clarke, E. O.; Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
[Anderson, E. T.; Stoskopf, M. K.; Clarke, E. O.; Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA.
[Morris, J. A., Jr.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Harms, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Environm Med Consortium, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA.
EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu
NR 39
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 14
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA
SN 0899-7659
J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH
JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 4
BP 266
EP 273
DI 10.1577/H10-029.1
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences
GA 703PN
UT WOS:000285991400008
PM 21413511
ER
PT J
AU Powell, AM
Xu, JJ
AF Powell, Alfred M., Jr.
Xu, Jianjun
TI Uncertainties of the relationship between the equatorial quasi-biennial
oscillation, the Arctic stratosphere and solar forcing
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE QBO; Solar forcing; Stratosphere; Temperature
ID 11-YEAR SUNSPOT CYCLE; NORTH POLAR-REGION; PART I; QBO; SIGNAL;
TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; MODULATION; CIRCULATION; TROPOSPHERE
AB Two different equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) indices, two reanalyses and radiosonde observations are used to analyze the Arctic stratospheric temperature and height. This analysis was used to assess the uncertainties in the connection of solar forcing, QBO and the Arctic variability. The results show that(1) the frequency of the westerly/easterly phases of the QBO over the stratospheric equator has a significant multiple peak seasonal variation. The primary seasonal peaks occur in February, March and April for the westerly phase of the QBO and the easterly phase peaks in June, July and August.(2) The correlation of stratospheric Arctic temperature and height with the solar radio flux shows statistical significance in February o July/August even if there is no stratified phase of QBO (easterly and westerly phases) involved. However, when the correlation was computed according to the stratified phase of QBO, the solar signals in both temperature and height fields are remarkably amplified in February and November under the westerly phase, but the signal in the height field is most significant only in August under the easterly phase.(3) The impact of the QBO and solar forcing on the stratospheric temperature and heights in the Arctic varies depending on the season. The impacts are also sensitive to the specific height of the QBO-defined level that isused, the specific period of the analysis and the dataset used. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Xu, Jianjun] NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Powell, Alfred M., Jr.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Xu, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, NESDIS, STAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM Jianjun.xu@noaa.gov
RI Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010
OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National
Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS); Center
for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)
FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and
Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and
Research (STAR). The views, opinions and findings contained in this
publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an
official NOAA or US Government position, policy or decision.
NR 33
TC 2
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U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1364-6826
EI 1879-1824
J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY
JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 72
IS 18
BP 1354
EP 1363
DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.09.024
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 786GW
UT WOS:000292292600005
ER
PT J
AU Lang, B
AF Lang, Brian
TI Hybridization thermodynamics of DNA bound to gold nanoparticles
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Isothermal Titration Calorimetry; DNA; Nanoparticles
ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; EXTINCTION COEFFICIENTS; DUPLEX STABILITY; SURFACE;
BINDING; PROBES; TEMPERATURE; MICROARRAYS; PARAMETERS; SEQUENCE
AB Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) was used to study the thermodynamics of hybridization on DNA-functionalized colloidal gold nanoparticles. When compared to the thermodynamics of hybridization of DNA that is free in solution, the differences in the values of the Gibbs free energy of reaction, Delta(r)G(o), the enthalpy, Delta(r)H(o), and entropy. Delta(r)S(o), were small. The change in Delta(r)G(o) between the free and bound states was always positive but with statistical significance outside the 95% confidence interval, implying the free DNA is slightly more stable than when in the bound state. Additionally, ITC was also able to reveal information about the binding stoichiometry of the hybridization reactions on the DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and indicates that there is a significant fraction of the DNA on gold nanoparticle surface that is unavailable for DNA hybridization. Furthermore, the fraction of available DNA is dependent on the spacer group on the DNA that is used to span the gold surface from that to the probe DNA. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lang, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM brian.lang@nist.gov
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 24
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 42
IS 12
BP 1435
EP 1440
DI 10.1016/j.jct.2010.06.013
PG 6
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA 661FG
UT WOS:000282709400004
ER
PT J
AU Kidston, J
Frierson, DMW
Renwick, JA
Vallis, GK
AF Kidston, Joseph
Frierson, D. M. W.
Renwick, J. A.
Vallis, G. K.
TI Observations, Simulations, and Dynamics of Jet Stream Variability and
Annular Modes
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ZONAL FLOW
INTERACTIONS; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; STORM TRACKS;
ARCTIC OSCILLATION; EDDY FEEDBACK; LIFE-CYCLES; 2 PARADIGMS
AB The characteristics of the dominant pattern of extratropical variability (the so called annular modes) are examined in the context of the theory tint eddy driven Jets are self maintaining It is shown that there is genuine hemispheric symmetry in the variation of the zonal wind in the Southern Hemisphere but not the Northern Hemisphere The annular mode is shown to be baroclinic in nature it is associated with changes in the baroclinic eddy source latitude and the latitude of the eddy source region is organized by the mean flow This behavior is expected if there is a baroclinic feedback that encourages the maximum baroclinic instability to be coincident with the maximum zonal wind speed and discourages the meridional vacillation of the eddy driven Jet stream It is shown that the strength of the thermally indirect circulation that gives rise to the baroclinic feedback appears to influence the time scale of the annular mode When the thermally indirect circulation is stronger the annular mode has a longer e folding time in a simplified GCM Preliminary results indicate that the same dynamics are important in the real atmosphere
C1 [Kidston, Joseph] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Kidston, Joseph; Renwick, J. A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand.
[Frierson, D. M. W.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Atmosphere & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010;
OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; Renwick, James/0000-0002-9141-2486
FU NOAA [NA07OAR4310320]; NSF [ATM-0846641, AGS-0936069]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the careful and helpful revisions suggested by
W A Robinson and one anonymous reviewer J Kidston and G K Vallis were
partially supported by NOAA Grant NA07OAR4310320 D M W Frierson is
supported by NSF Grants ATM-0846641 and AGS-0936069
NR 51
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Z9 21
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 23
BP 6186
EP 6199
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3235.1
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696HP
UT WOS:000285432800005
ER
PT J
AU Purkey, SG
Johnson, GC
AF Purkey, Sarah G.
Johnson, Gregory C.
TI Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the
1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; ROSS SEA;
CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC; MASS; 20TH-CENTURY; EVOLUTION; ENERGY
AB Abyssal global and deep Southern Ocean temperature trends are quantified between the 1990s and 2000s to assess the role of recent warming of these regions in global heat and sea level budgets The authors 1) compute warming rates with uncertainties along 28 full depth high quality hydrographic sections that have been occupied two or more times between 1980 and 2010, 2) divide the global ocean into 32 basins defined by the topography and climatological ocean bottom temperatures and then 3) estimate temperature trends in the 24 sampled basins The three southernmost basins show a strong statistically significant abyssal warming trend with that warming signal weakening to the north in the central Pacific western Atlantic and eastern Indian Oceans Eastern Atlantic and western Indian Ocean basins show statistically insignificant abyssal cooling trends Excepting the Arctic Ocean and Nordic seas the rate of abyssal (below 4000 m) global ocean heat content change in the 1990s and 2000s is equivalent to a heat flux of 0 027 (+/- 0 009) W m(-2) applied over the entire surface of the earth Deep (1000-4000 m) warming south of the Subantarctic Front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current adds 0 068 (+/- 0 062) W m(-2) The abyssal warming produces a 0 053 (+/- 0 017) mm yr(-1) increase in global average sea level and the deep warming south of the Subantarctic Front adds another 0 093 (+/- 0 081) mm yr(-1) Thus warming in these regions ventilated primarily by Antarctic Bottom Water accounts for a statistically significant fraction of the present global energy and sea level budgets
C1 [Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Purkey, Sarah G.; Johnson, Gregory C.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RI Purkey, Sarah/K-1983-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012
OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020
FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric
Research
FX Our heartfelt thanks go to all those who helped to collect, calibrate,
and process the WOCE and GO-SHIP data analyzed here Discussions with
John Lyman were useful Comments from Susan Hautala, Takeshi Kawano,
Michael Meredith, LuAnne Thompson, Joshua Willis, Carl Wunsch, and two
anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript The findings and conclusions
in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
The NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research supported this research
NR 59
TC 194
Z9 198
U1 4
U2 72
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 23
BP 6336
EP 6351
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3682.1
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696HP
UT WOS:000285432800014
ER
PT J
AU Shaw, TA
Perlwitz, J
Harnik, N
AF Shaw, Tiffany A.
Perlwitz, Judith
Harnik, Nili
TI Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere. The
Importance of Meridional Wave Guiding and Comparison with Zonal-Mean
Coupling
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN WINTER TROPOSPHERE; HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANETARY-WAVES;
POLAR VORTICES; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; REANALYSIS
AB The nature of downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in both hemispheres is analyzed using the 40 yr Europe-in Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re Analysis (ERA 40) dataset Downward wave coupling occurs when planetary waves reflected in the stratosphere Impact the troposphere and it is distinct from zonal mean coupling which results from wave dissipation and its subsequent Impact on the zonal mean flow Cross spectral correlation analysis and wave geometry diagnostics reveal that downward wave 1 coupling occurs in the presence of both a vertical reflecting surface in the mid to upper stratosphere and a high latitude meridional waveguide in the lower stratosphere In the Southern Hemisphere downward wave coupling occurs from September to December whereas in the Northern Hemisphere it occurs from January to March A vertical reflecting surface is also present in the stratosphere during early winter in both hemispheres however, it forms at the poleward edge of the meridional waveguide which is not confined to high latitudes The absence of a high latitude waveguide allows meridional wave propagation into the subtropics and decreases the likelihood of downward wave coupling The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between wave reflection in general, which requires a vertical reflecting surface and downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere which requires both a vertical reflecting surface and a high latitude meridional waveguide
The relative roles of downward wave and zonal me-in coupling in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres are subsequently compared In the Southern Hemisphere downward wave 1 coupling dominates whereas in the Northern Hemisphere downward wave 1 coupling and zonal mean coupling are found to be equally important from winter to early spring The results suggest that an accurate representation of the seasonal cycle of the wave geometry is necessary for the proper representation of downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere
C1 [Shaw, Tiffany A.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA.
[Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Harnik, Nili] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP Shaw, TA (reprint author), NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, Ctr Atmosphere Ocean Sci, 251 Mercer St, New York, NY 10012 USA.
RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008
OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442
FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NOAA
Climate Program Office; Israeli Science Foundation [1370/08]
FX We thank ECMWF for providing the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset This research
has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada through a Post Doctoral Fellowship to the first author
J P 's contribution was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office N H 's
contribution was funded by Grant 1370/08 from the Israeli Science
Foundation The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments
NR 25
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 23
BP 6365
EP 6381
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3804.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696HP
UT WOS:000285432800016
ER
PT J
AU Zhao, M
Held, IM
AF Zhao, Ming
Held, Isaac M.
TI An Analysis of the Effect of Global Warming on the Intensity of Atlantic
Hurricanes Using a GCM with Statistical Refinement
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL;
SIMULATIONS; FREQUENCY; IMPACT
AB A statistical intensity adjustment is utilized to extract information from tropical cyclone simulations in a 50 km resolution global model A simple adjustment based on the modeled and observed probability distribution of storm lifetime maximum wind speed allows the model to capture the differences between ob served intensity distributions in active/inactive year composites from the 1981-2008 period in the North Atlantic This intensity adjustment is then used to examine the atmospheric model s responses to different sea surface temperature anomalies generated by coupled models for the late twenty first century In the North Atlantic all simulations produce a reduction in the total number of cyclones but with large intermodel spread in the magnitude of the reduction The intensity response is positively correlated with changes in frequency across the ensemble However there is on average an increase in intensity in these simulations despite the mean reduction in frequency The authors argue that it is useful to decompose these intensity changes into two parts an increase in intensity that is intrinsic to the climate change experiments and a change in intensity positively correlated with frequency just as in the active/inactive historical composites By isolating the intrinsic component which is relatively independent of the details of the SST warming pattern an increase is found in storm lifetime maximum winds of 5-10 m s(-1) for storms with intensities of 30-60 m s(-1) by the end of the twenty first century The effects of change in frequency which are dependent on the details of the spatial structure of the warming must then be superimposed on this intrinsic change
C1 [Zhao, Ming; Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Zhao, Ming] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014
FU Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NSF
[ATM-0612551]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U S
Department of Commerce [NA17RJ2612]; Innovative and Novel Computational
Impact on Theory and Experiment Program
FX This research used resources of the National Center for Computational
Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the
Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract
DE-AC05-00OR22725 An award of computer time was provided by the
Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment
Program The authors thank G Vecchi, S Garner, and T Knutson for valuable
discussions and S -J Lin for his leading role in developing this model
Ming Zhao was supported in part by NSF Grant ATM-0612551 and in part
under Award NA17RJ2612 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, U S Department of Commerce The findings are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration or the U S Department of Commerce
NR 23
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 3
U2 22
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 23
BP 6382
EP 6393
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3837.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696HP
UT WOS:000285432800017
ER
PT J
AU Alexander, MA
Tomas, R
Deser, C
Lawrence, DM
AF Alexander, Michael A.
Tomas, Robert
Deser, Clara
Lawrence, David M.
TI The Atmospheric Response to Projected Terrestrial Snow Changes in the
Late Twenty-First Century
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID COVER; CIRCULATION; ANOMALIES; SEA; VARIABILITY; EXTENT; OCEAN
AB Two atmospheric general circulation model experiments are conducted with specified terrestrial snow conditions representative of 1980-99 and 2080-99 The snow states are obtained from twentieth century and twenty first century coupled climate model integrations under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations Sea surface temperatures sea ice and greenhouse gas concentrations are set to 1980-99 values in both atmospheric model experiments to isolate the effect of the snow changes The reduction in snow cover in the twenty first century relative to the twentieth century increases the solar radiation absorbed by the surface, and It enhances the upward longwave radiation and latent and sensible fluxes that warm the overlying atmosphere The maximum twenty first century minus twentieth century surface air temperature (SAT) differences are relatively small (<3 degrees C) compared with those due to Arctic sea ice changes (similar to 10 degrees C) However they are continental in scale and are largest in fall and spring, when they make a significant contribution to the overall warming over Eurasia and North America in the twenty first century The circulation response to the snow changes while of modest amplitude Involves multiple components including a local low level trough remote Rossby wave trains an annular pattern that is strongest in the stratosphere and a hemispheric increase in geopotential height
C1 [Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Tomas, Robert; Deser, Clara; Lawrence, David M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Alexander, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RI Lawrence, David/C-4026-2011; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013
OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Alexander,
Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427
FU National Science Foundation
FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation's
Arctic System Science Program
NR 23
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 23
BP 6430
EP 6437
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3899.1
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696HP
UT WOS:000285432800020
ER
PT J
AU Reed, DA
Powell, MD
Westerman, JM
AF Reed, Dorothy A.
Powell, Mark D.
Westerman, Julie M.
TI Energy Supply System Performance for Hurricane Katrina
SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Electric power outages; Disaster recovery; Hurricanes; Resilience;
Restoration
AB In 2005, wind-induced structural damage from Hurricane Katrina resulted in extensive energy supply disruptions across the Gulf of Mexico. In this paper, we examine the resilience of these systems with a particular emphasis on the electric power delivery systems. We investigate the correlations of the power outage data with weather parameters such as wind speed, rainfall, and storm surge. We examine the resilience and recovery of the electric delivery system spatially and temporally and compare the results with other natural disasters. We conclude that the behavior of the delivery systems under hurricane loadings is affected by rainfall and storm surge as well as wind speed. Widespread failures may occur at wind speeds less than predicted peak values.
C1 [Reed, Dorothy A.; Westerman, Julie M.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Powell, Mark D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Reed, DA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Campus Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM reed@u.washington.edu; mark.powell@noaa.gov; jwesterm@u.washington.edu
RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013
OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945
FU National Science Foundation [0553063]
FX Employees of the Louisiana Public Service Commission were particularly
helpful in this investigation. Portions of this material are based upon
work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.
0553063. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in this material are those of the writer(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
NR 34
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 7
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9402
J9 J ENERG ENG-ASCE
JI J. Energy Eng.-ASCE
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 4
BP 95
EP 102
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000028
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA 681AF
UT WOS:000284277900001
ER
PT J
AU O'Donnell, DM
Effler, SW
Strait, CM
Leshkevich, GA
AF O'Donnell, David M.
Effler, Steven W.
Strait, Christopher M.
Leshkevich, George A.
TI Optical characterizations and pursuit of optical closure for the western
basin of Lake Erie through in situ measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Absorption; Scattering; Backscattering; Remote sensing reflectance;
Light attenuation; Lake Erie
ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; EASTERN ENGLISH-CHANNEL; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA;
COASTAL WATERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MARINE PARTICLES; OCEAN COLOR;
ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENT; MINEROGENIC PARTICLES; BACKSCATTERING RATIO
AB In situ measurements of inherent (IOPs) and apparent optical properties (AOPs), along with laboratory measurements of optically active constituents, were made at sites (n=14) in western Lake Erie following a wind event to advance the characterization of the underwater and emergent light fields of these waters and to support related IOP-based model development and testing. Modern instrumentation was used to make spectral (wavelength, lambda) measurements of the IOPs of absorption [a(lambda)], particulate scattering [b(p)(lambda)], and particulate backscattering [b(bp)(lambda)] coefficients, and the AOPs of remote sensing reflectance [R(rs)(lambda)], and the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance [K(d)(lambda)]. Optical closure analyses were conducted to demonstrate the credibility of the measurements, by comparing AOP observations to predictions based on radiative transfer expressions that utilized IOP measurements as inputs. Substantial spectral variations in a and its contributing components, and more modest wavelength dependencies for b(p) and b(bp), were documented that are consistent with observations reported for marine case 2 systems. The backscattering ratio, b(bp):b(p), was strongly positively related to the contribution of minerogenic particles to the overall concentration of suspended particulate material. Major spatial differences in both IOPs and AOPs were observed that were driven by the attendant differences in the concentrations and composition of the optically active constituents, but particularly minerogenic particles, mediated in part by sediment resuspension. Good optical closure between the independently measured IOPs and AOPs was achieved. Direct measurement of b(bp)(lambda) was found to be critical to pursue closure for R(rs)(lambda) and thereby support related remote sensing initiatives. (C) 2010 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [O'Donnell, David M.; Effler, Steven W.; Strait, Christopher M.] Upstate Freshwater Inst, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA.
[Leshkevich, George A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA.
RP O'Donnell, DM (reprint author), Upstate Freshwater Inst, POB 506, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA.
EM daveod@ourlake.org; sweffler@upstatefreshwater.org;
cstrait@upstatefreshwater.org; george.leshkevich@noaa.gov
NR 51
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0380-1330
J9 J GREAT LAKES RES
JI J. Gt. Lakes Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 36
IS 4
BP 736
EP 746
DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2010.08.009
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 692QN
UT WOS:000285170300017
ER
PT J
AU Ralph, FM
Sukovich, E
Reynolds, D
Dettinger, M
Weagle, S
Clark, W
Neiman, PJ
AF Ralph, F. M.
Sukovich, E.
Reynolds, D.
Dettinger, M.
Weagle, S.
Clark, W.
Neiman, P. J.
TI Assessment of Extreme Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts and
Development of Regional Extreme Event Thresholds Using Data from
HMT-2006 and COOP Observers
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST;
SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; CALJET; WINTER; MOUNTAINS; SATELLITE;
PACJET-2001
AB Extreme precipitation events, and the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) associated with them, are examined. The study uses data from the Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT), which conducted its first field study in California during the 2005/06 cool season. National Weather Service River Forecast Center (NWS RFC) gridded QPFs for 24-h periods at 24-h (day 1), 48-h (day 2), and 72-h (day 3) forecast lead times plus 24-h quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from sites in California (CA) and Oregon-Washington (OR-WA) are used. During the 172-day period studied, some sites received more than 254 cm (100 in.) of precipitation. The winter season produced many extreme precipitation events, including 90 instances when a site received more than 7.6 cm (3.0 in.) of precipitation in 24 h (i.e., an "event'') and 17 events that exceeded 12.7 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.0 in. (24 h)(-1)]. For the 90 extreme events {> 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)]}, almost 90% of all the 270 QPFs (days 1-3) were biased low, increasingly so with greater lead time. Of the 17 observed events exceeding 12.7 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.0 in. (24 h)(-1)], only 1 of those events was predicted to be that extreme. Almost all of the extreme events correlated with the presence of atmospheric river conditions. Total seasonal QPF biases for all events {i.e., >= 0.025 cm (24 h)(-1) [0.01 in. (24 h)(-1)]} were sensitive to local geography and were generally biased low in the California-Nevada River Forecast Center (CNRFC) region and high in the Northwest River Forecast Center(NWRFC) domain. The low bias in CA QPFs improved with shorter forecast lead time and worsened for extreme events. Differences were also noted between the CNRFC and NWRFC in terms of QPF and the frequency of extreme events. A key finding from this study is that there were more precipitation events > 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in CA than in OR-WA. Examination of 422 Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) sites in the NWRFC domain and 400 in the CNRFC domain found that the thresholds for the top 1% and top 0.1% of precipitation events were 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] and 14.2 cm (24 h)(-1) [5.6 in. (24 h)(-1)] or greater for the CNRFC and only 5.1 cm (24 h)(-1) [2.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] and 9.4 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.7 in. (24 h)(-1)] for the NWRFC, respectively. Similar analyses for all NWS RFCs showed that the threshold for the top 1% of events varies from similar to 3.8 cm (24 h)(-1) [1.5 in. (24 h)(-1)] in the Colorado Basin River Forecast Center (CBRFC) to similar to 5.1 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in the northern tier of RFCs and; 7.6 cm (24 h)(-1) [3.0 in. (24 h)(-1)] in both the southern tier and the CNRFC. It is recommended that NWS QPF performance in the future be assessed for extreme events using these thresholds.
C1 [Ralph, F. M.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Sukovich, E.; Clark, W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Reynolds, D.] NOAA, NWS, Monterey WFO, Monterey, CA USA.
[Dettinger, M.] US Geol Survey, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Weagle, S.] NOAA, NWS, Portland WFO, Portland, OR USA.
[Weagle, S.] NW River Forecast Ctr, Portland, OR USA.
RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM marty.ralph@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
EI 1525-7541
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1286
EP 1304
DI 10.1175/2010JHM1232.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 705ZE
UT WOS:000286178800006
ER
PT J
AU Lang, TJ
Rutledge, SA
Cifelli, R
AF Lang, Timothy J.
Rutledge, Steven A.
Cifelli, Robert
TI Polarimetric Radar Observations of Convection in Northwestern Mexico
during the North American Monsoon Experiment
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WARM-SEASON
PRECIPITATION; DUAL-POLARIZED RADAR; TROPICAL CONVECTION; NAME 2004;
VERTICAL STRUCTURE; DIURNAL CYCLE; PART I; RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS
AB The spatial and temporal variability of convection during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) was examined via analysis of three-dimensional polarimetric radar data. Terrain bands were defined as the Gulf of California (over water) and elevations of 0-500 m above mean sea level (MSL; coastal plain), 500-1500 m MSL, and. 1500 m MSL. Convective rainfall over the Gulf typically featured the smallest values of median volume diameter (D(0)) regardless of rain rate. Gulf convection also contained reduced precipitation-sized ice water mass but proportionally more liquid water mass compared to convection over land. These maritime characteristics were magnified during disturbed meteorological regimes, which typically featured increased precipitation over the Gulf and adjacent coastal plain. Overall, the results suggest increased reliance on warm-rain collision and coalescence at the expense of ice-based precipitation growth processes for convective rainfall over the Gulf, relative to the land. Over land D(0), ice, and liquid water mass all increased with decreasing terrain elevation, suggesting intensification of convection as it moved off the Sierra Madre Occidental. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both warm-rain and ice-based rainfall processes play important roles in precipitation formation over land. Coastal-plain convection underwent microphysical modifications during disturbed meteorological regimes that were similar to Gulf convection, but the changes were less dramatic. High-terrain convection experienced little microphysical variability regardless of meteorological regime.
C1 [Lang, Timothy J.; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
[Cifelli, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO USA.
[Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM tlang@atmos.colostate.edu
OI Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X
FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0733396, ATM-0340544]
FX This work greatly benefitted from contributions by Dave Ahijevych, Rit
Carbone, Larry Carey, Dave Gochis, Paul Hein, Steve Nesbitt, Gustavo
Pereira, Angela Rowe, and the NCAR S-Pol staff during NAME (led by Don
Ferraro and Jon Lutz). This research was funded by the National Science
Foundation via Grants ATM-0733396 and ATM-0340544.
NR 76
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 1525-755X
J9 J HYDROMETEOROL
JI J. Hydrometeorol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 11
IS 6
BP 1345
EP 1357
DI 10.1175/2010JHM1247.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 705ZE
UT WOS:000286178800010
ER
PT J
AU Dair, BJ
Saylor, DM
Cargal, TE
French, GR
Kennedy, KM
Casas, RS
Guyer, JE
Warren, JA
Kim, CS
Pollack, SK
AF Dair, Benita J.
Saylor, David M.
Cargal, T. Eric
French, Grace R.
Kennedy, Kristen M.
Casas, Rachel S.
Guyer, Jonathan E.
Warren, James A.
Kim, Chang-Soo
Pollack, Steven K.
TI The Effect of Substrate Material on Silver Nanoparticle Antimicrobial
Efficacy
SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanoparticle; Antimicrobial; Medical Device; Coating; Polymer
ID ION
AB With the advent of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles increasingly are being used in coatings, especially in medical device applications, to capitalize on their antimicrobial properties. The attractiveness of nanoparticulate silver systems is the expected increased antimicrobial efficacy relative to their bulk counterparts, which may be attributed to an increased silver ion (Ag(+)) solubility, and hence availability, that arises from capillarity effects in small, nanometer-sized particles. However, a change of the material upon which the antimicrobial nanoparticulate silver is deposited (herein called "substrate") may affect the availability of Ag+ ions and the intended efficacy of the device. We utilize both theory and experiment to determine the effect of substrate on ion release from silver particles in electrochemical environments and find that substrate surface charge, chemical reactivity or affinity of the surface for Ag+ ions, and wettability of the surface all affect availability of Ag+ ions, and hence antimicrobial efficacy. It is also observed that with time of exposure to deionized water, Ag+ ion release increases to a maximum value at 5 min before decreasing to undetectable levels, which is attributed to coarsening of the nanoparticles, and which subsequently reduces the solubility and availability of Ag+ ions. This coarsening phenomenon is also predicted by the theoretical considerations and has been confirmed experimentally by transmission electron microscopy.
C1 [Dair, Benita J.; Saylor, David M.; Cargal, T. Eric; French, Grace R.; Kennedy, Kristen M.; Casas, Rachel S.; Kim, Chang-Soo; Pollack, Steven K.] FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
[Guyer, Jonathan E.; Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Labs, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dair, BJ (reprint author), FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Engn Labs, Div Chem & Mat Sci, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA.
RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016;
OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589;
Casas, Rachel/0000-0003-2848-3107
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 12
PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS
PI STEVENSON RANCH
PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA
SN 1533-4880
J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO
JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 12
BP 8456
EP 8462
DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.3566
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 672XQ
UT WOS:000283621400080
PM 21121354
ER
PT J
AU Lavery, KA
Prabhu, VM
Satija, S
Wu, WL
AF Lavery, Kristopher A.
Prabhu, Vivek M.
Satija, Sushil
Wu, Wen-li
TI Lateral uniformity in chemical composition along a buried reaction front
in polymers using off-specular reflectivity
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; GRAZING-INCIDENCE; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; ROUGH
SURFACES; PHOTORESISTS; MULTILAYERS; DIFFUSION
AB Off-specular neutron reflectometry was applied to characterize the form and amplitude of lateral compositional variations at a buried reaction-diffusion front. In this work, off-specular neutron measurements were first calibrated using off-specular x-ray reflectivity and atomic force microscopy via a roughened glass surface, both as a free surface and as a buried interface that was prepared by spin coating thin polymer films upon the glass surface. All three methods provided consistent roughness values despite the difference in their detection mechanism. Our neutron results demonstrated, for the first time, that the compositional heterogeneity at a buried reaction front can be measured; the model system used in this study mimics the deprotection reaction that occurs during the photolithographic process necessary for manufacturing integrated circuits.
C1 [Lavery, Kristopher A.; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Satija, Sushil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM wenli@nist.gov
FU Intel Corporation [CRADA 1893]; NIST [CRADA 1893]; NIST Office of
Microelectronics Programs
FX This work was supported by a cooperative research and development
agreement (CRADA) between Intel Corporation and NIST, CRADA 1893 as well
as the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. KAL was supported by
the NIST-NRC Postdoctoral Associateship Program. The authors acknowledge
Kwang-Woo Choi and George Thompson at Intel Corporation and Saibal Basu
at the NIST Center for Neutron Research for their helpful discussions
and insights.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 47
AR 474001
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/47/474001
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 680VP
UT WOS:000284264800002
PM 21386608
ER
PT J
AU Jossi, JW
AF Jossi, Jack W.
TI US NOAA Fisheries and UK SAHFOS CPR surveys: comparison of methods and
data
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE CPR; plankton; North Atlantic
ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; CONSISTENCY; HISTORY
AB The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey has sampled four routes: Boston-Nova Scotia (1961-present), New York toward Bermuda (1976-present), Narragansett Bay-Mount Hope Bay-Rhode Island Sound (1998-present) and eastward of Chesapeake Bay (1974-1980). NOAA involvement began in 1974 when it assumed responsibility for the existing Boston-Nova Scotia route from what is now the UK's Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS). Training, equipment and computer software were provided by SAHFOS to ensure continuity for this and standard protocols for any new routes. Data for the first 14 years of this route were provided to NOAA by SAHFOS. Comparison of collection methods; sample processing; and sample identification, staging and counting techniques revealed near-consistency between NOAA and SAHFOS. One departure involved phytoplankton counting standards. This has since been addressed and the data corrected. Within- and between-survey taxonomic and life-stage names and their consistency through time were, and continue to be, an issue. For this, a cross-reference table has been generated that contains the SAHFOS taxonomic code, NOAA taxonomic code, NOAA life-stage code, National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) taxonomic code, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) serial number and authority and consistent use/route. This table is available for review/use by other CPR surveys. Details of the NOAA and SAHFOS comparison and analytical techniques unique to NOAA are presented.
C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
RP Jossi, JW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM jack.jossi@noaa.gov
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 12
BP 1623
EP 1631
DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq032
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 676PP
UT WOS:000283925000003
ER
PT J
AU Pershing, AJ
Head, EHJ
Greene, CH
Jossi, JW
AF Pershing, Andrew J.
Head, Erica H. J.
Greene, Charles H.
Jossi, Jack W.
TI Pattern and scale of variability among Northwest Atlantic Shelf plankton
communities
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE zooplankton; phytoplankton; continuous plankton recorder; Gulf of Maine;
Scotian Shelf; Middle Atlantic Bight; North Atlantic; climate
variability
ID GULF-OF-MAINE; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; GEORGES-BANK; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SCOTIAN SHELF; RIGHT WHALE; ZOOPLANKTON;
ABUNDANCE; SALINITY
AB Continuous plankton recorders (CPRs) have been used in the Northwest Atlantic for almost 50 years. While data collected by these surveys have provided valuable information on long-term variability in plankton populations, all previous analyses have been limited to only a portion of the geographic range of the available data. Here we present an analysis of the CPR data from the Mid Atlantic Bight to the Labrador Sea. Across this wide geographic range, we found many common associations among the taxa. In particular, the changes in most regions were strongly size structured, with small and medium copepods varying together and often positively related to indicators of phytoplankton abundance. The time series from nearby regions were strongly correlated; however, after 1990, the spatial pattern became more complex. During this period, several of the copepod taxa, noticeably Calanus finmarchicus and Centropages typicus, experienced a series of anomalies that appeared to propagate from northeast to southwest. Although the direction of propagation was consistent with the shelf circulation, the anomalies propagated at a rate much slower than typical current speeds. The timing of the copepod anomalies and their phase speed were similar in character to observed changes in salinity and the position of the Shelf Slope Front. The correspondence between the changes in the plankton community and changes in the physical environmental suggests that physical conditions are a strong driver of interannual variability in Northwest Atlantic Shelf ecosystems.
C1 [Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
[Pershing, Andrew J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA.
[Head, Erica H. J.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.
[Greene, Charles H.] Cornell Univ, Ocean Resources & Ecosyst Program, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Jossi, Jack W.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA.
RP Pershing, AJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
EM andrew.pershing@maine.edu
FU NSF [OCE-0625273]
FX This analysis was funded by the GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank
program (NSF grant OCE-0625273).
NR 35
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 6
U2 44
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 12
BP 1661
EP 1674
DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq058
PG 14
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 676PP
UT WOS:000283925000006
ER
PT J
AU Record, NR
Pershing, AJ
Jossi, JW
AF Record, Nicholas R.
Pershing, Andrew J.
Jossi, Jack W.
TI Biodiversity as a dynamic variable in the Gulf of Maine continuous
plankton recorder transect
SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; copepod; continuous plankton recorder; Gulf of Maine;
pelagic; zooplankton; richness
ID SPECIES RICHNESS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DIVERSITY;
PRODUCTIVITY; PATTERNS; ECOSYSTEM; SCALE; ZOOPLANKTON; BIOMASS
AB Studies relating biodiversity to ecosystem processes typically do not take into account changes in biodiversity through time. Marine systems are highly dynamic, with biodiversity changing at diel, seasonal and inter-decadal timescales. We examined the dynamics of biodiversity in the Gulf of Maine pelagic zooplankton community. Taxonomic data came from the Gulf of Maine continuous plankton recorder (CPR) transect, spanning the years 1961-2006. The CPR transect also contains coincident information on temperature and phytoplankton biomass (measured by the phytoplankton color index). Taxonomic richness varied at all timescales considered. The relationships between temperature and richness, and between phytoplankton and richness, also depended on temporal scale. The temperature-richness relationship was monotonic at the multi-decadal scale, and tended to be hump-shaped at finer scales; the productivity-richness relationship was hump-shaped at the multi-decadal scale, and tended to be monotonic at finer scales. Seasonal biodiversity dynamics were linked to temperature; inter-decadal biodiversity dynamics were linked to phytoplankton.
C1 [Record, Nicholas R.; Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA.
[Jossi, Jack W.] NMFS, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, NEFSC, Narragansett, RI USA.
RP Record, NR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA.
EM nrecord@gmri.org
FU US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics); (National Science
Foundation) [OCE-0815336, OCE-0625273]
FX Support was provided by US GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) and
NSF (National Science Foundation) grants (OCE-0815336 and OCE-0625273).
NR 36
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 4
U2 22
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0142-7873
J9 J PLANKTON RES
JI J. Plankton Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 32
IS 12
BP 1675
EP 1684
DI 10.1093/plankt/fbq050
PG 10
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA 676PP
UT WOS:000283925000007
ER
PT J
AU Michaels, CA
AF Michaels, Chris A.
TI Surface-sensitive Raman microscopy with total internal reflection
illumination
SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE confocal Raman microscopy; total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy;
thin film; chemical imaging; solid immersion lens microscopy
ID SOLID IMMERSION LENS; INFRARED MAPPING MICROSPECTROSCOPY; DEPTH
RESOLUTION; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SPECTRA;
ZNSE
AB A Raman microscope using a total internal reflection (TIR) annular illumination geometry through a ZnSe solid immersion lens (SIL) is described. Spectra of a thin-film sample of the transparent organic conductor poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate are presented and compared with those from a conventional confocal Raman configuration. These spectra demonstrate a significant increase in surface selectivity upon the use of TIR illumination, as the decay length of the evanescent excitation field limits the depth of sample probed in this configuration. Spectral interference from the underlying PET substrate layer is thus greatly reduced. An increase in surface selectivity is also demonstrated for spectra acquired through the SIL with uniform illumination. Raman images of a micropatterned PEDOT : PSS film acquired with TIR illumination are also reported. Enhanced lateral resolution is realized in this configuration because of the immersion effect of the SIL, and the sampling depth is limited to 150 nm by the choice of illumination geometry. This results in analysis volumes on the order of tens of femtoliters, nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than typically achieved in conventional confocal Raman microscopes. This approach yields Raman spectra and images with surface selectivity significantly greater than can be achieved in confocal Raman, and provides a valuable tool for the microanalysis of thin surface films. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Michaels, CA (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM chris.michaels@nist.gov
NR 48
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 23
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0377-0486
J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC
JI J. Raman Spectrosc.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 41
IS 12
BP 1670
EP 1677
DI 10.1002/jrs.2610
PG 8
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA 705PY
UT WOS:000286151400017
ER
PT J
AU Sandifer, PA
AF Sandifer, Paul A.
TI Victor Gregory Burrell, Jr. 1925-2009 IN MEMORIAM
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
RP Sandifer, PA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 775
EP 779
DI 10.2983/035.029.0410
PG 5
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 699NM
UT WOS:000285670100001
ER
PT J
AU Hare, MP
Weinberg, J
Peterfalvy, O
Davidson, M
AF Hare, Matthew P.
Weinberg, James
Peterfalvy, Olga
Davidson, Maureen
TI THE "SOUTHERN" SURFCLAM (SPISULA SOLIDISSIMA SIMILIS) FOUND NORTH OF ITS
REPORTED RANGE: A COMMERCIALLY HARVESTED POPULATION IN LONG ISLAND
SOUND, NEW YORK
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE cryptic species; morphometrics; mitochondrial DNA; cytochrome oxidase I;
COI; cardinal tooth; latitude; range; biogeography
ID ATLANTIC SURFCLAM; DELMARVA PENINSULA; AGE-STRUCTURE; GROWTH-RATE; CLAM;
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; INVERTEBRATES; MITOCHONDRIAL; CONNECTIVITY; RECRUITMENT
AB The surfclam taxon Spisula solidissima similis, known as the "southern" surfclam and as Raveneli's surfclam, was recently shown to be reproductively isolated and genetically distinct from S. s. solidissima, the commercially harvested Atlantic surfclam, at the level of species. The reported distribution for S. s. similis includes shallow nearshore marine habitats south of Cape Hatteras as well as in the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, S. s. solidissima is larger, has a longer life span, and is found in cooler waters north of Cape Hatteras both nearshore and offshore. The current study used molecular markers to test for S. s. finials in Long Island Sound (LIS), New York, at latitude 41 degrees N, well north of its typical range. After analyzing a diagnostic mitochondria! DNA marker in 90 surfclam specimens from 3 locations in LIS, all samples were identified as S. s. similis. The LIS sample was also significantly different in both shell shape and in the shape of the cardinal tooth than comparably sized offshore S. s. However, these shell differences are not adequate for differentiating between these taxa in the field. The documented history of Spisula in LIS is reviewed to address hypotheses about its origin there. In addition, the fishery management implications of our findings are discussed.
C1 [Hare, Matthew P.; Peterfalvy, Olga] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20330 USA.
[Weinberg, James] Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Davidson, Maureen] New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Bur Marine Resources, E Setauket, NY 11733 USA.
RP Hare, MP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, 208 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM mph75@cornell.edu
FU NYSDEC; University of Maryland
FX Dr. Steve Cadrin kindly provided assistance with computer programming
related to the morphometric analysis. We are grateful to the scientists
and crew of the NOAA ship RV Delaware 11 for collecting oceanic
surfclams that were used in this study. We thank Dr. Daniel Hennen for
reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript, two anonymous reviewers
for their helpful suggestions, Harmony Borchardt-Wier for preparation of
Figure 2, and L. Poppe and the U.S. Geological Service for permission to
republish Figure 6. This work was supported by NYSDEC (M. D.) and the
University of Maryland (M. H.).
NR 48
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 799
EP 807
DI 10.2983/035.029.0413
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 699NM
UT WOS:000285670100004
ER
PT J
AU Geiger, SP
Stephenson, SP
Arnold, WS
AF Geiger, Stephen P.
Stephenson, Sarah P.
Arnold, William S.
TI PROTRACTED RECRUITMENT IN THE BAY SCALLOP ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS IN A WEST
FLORIDA ESTUARY
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE bay scallop; Argopecten irradians; recruitment; Florida
ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CONCENTRICUS SAY;
ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; COASTAL LAGOON; LONG-ISLAND; GROWTH; LAMARCK;
POPULATIONS; OYSTER
AB Many studies have indicated that annual spawning of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) peaks during discrete and limited periods each year. Spawning in most Florida bay scallop subpopulations has been shown to occur in fall, whereas more northerly U.S. populations typically spawn in late spring or summer. In this article we describe our efforts to expand our understanding of the seasonality of bay scallop recruitment dynamics in Florida. Visual surveys were conducted by divers each spring from 1994 to 2009 to estimate adult scallop abundance. Adult abundance was low (6.1 scallops/600 m(2)) during the first 3 y of the study (1994 to 1996), prompting a 7-y restoration effort intended to enhance the number of spawning adults and thereby enhance the local production of larval scallops. Adult abundances increased loan average of 21.9 scallops/600 m(2) in 1997 to 2006, and then rose dramatically to an average density of 154.8 scallops/600 m(2) in the most recent years (2007 to 2009). Artificial recruit collectors (n = 12) were deployed monthly near the Anclote River estuary beginning in 1997 and were allowed to soak for 2 moat a time. Each collector's deployment period overlapped with the preceding and following trap's deployment period by 1 mo. The project is ongoing, but only data collected through December 2009 is included here (bay scallops recruited to the collectors during 163 of the 185 deployment periods). For the entire study period, the average recruitment rate was 0.3 scallops/collector/day, the maximum average for a single deployment period was 5.5 scallops/collector/day during November 2001 to January 2002, and the highest rate for a single collector was 19.6 scallops/collector/day during November 2001 to January 2002. In most years, the collectors retrieved in late fall and early winter had the highest settlement rate; a secondary recruitment peak was observed in the spring. A period of protracted recruitment (December 2005 to December 2009) occurred, during which scallops recruited to at least I of the 12 deployed collectors deployed during 53 consecutive deployment periods. The average recruitment rate for this protracted period was 0.4 scallops/collector/day; the maximum recruitment rate for a single deployment period (3.5 scallops/collector/day) and individual collector (17.7 scallops/day) occurred during December 2008 to February 2009. Early in our study, scallops were detected in a majority of our recruit collectors, and a protracted period of recruitment (October 2001 to February 2004) coincided with the multiyear restoration effort. However, the recent high adult densities and protracted period of recruitment occurred in the absence of any active restoration in this subpopulation, suggesting that, at least within the Anclote River estuary, the population has stabilized for the short term.
C1 [Geiger, Stephen P.; Stephenson, Sarah P.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Arnold, William S.] NOAA, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RP Geiger, SP (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
EM steve.geiger@myfwc.com
FU Florida Salt Water Fishing License
FX Numerous FWRI coworkers assisted with collection and analysis of scallop
spat collectors and visual transect surveys described in this article:
D. Marelli, C. Bray, M. Harrison, K. Hagner, P. Hoffman, M. Parker, M.
Humphrey, M. Julian, T. Idocks, A. Feldberg, K. Ferenc, L. Gentile, J.
Bickford, C. Meyer, C. Matterson, J. Cobb, A. Granholm, C. Beals, B.
Pittinger, M. Gambordella, J. Stone, M. Poplaski, B. Brown, A. Vasilis,
M. Drexler, S. Bergeron, A. Dowling, and numerous participants in the
FWRI intern program. Reviews were provided by D. Chagaris, J. Herrera,
Jim Colvocoresses, Judy Colvocoresses, Bland Crowder, and 2 anonymous
reviewers. Primary funding was provided by funds generated by the
Florida Salt Water Fishing License.
NR 70
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 12
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 809
EP 817
DI 10.2983/035.029.0414
PG 9
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 699NM
UT WOS:000285670100005
ER
PT J
AU Stoner, AW
Ottmar, ML
Haines, SA
AF Stoner, Allan W.
Ottmar, Michele L.
Haines, Scott A.
TI TEMPERATURE AND HABITAT COMPLEXITY MEDIATE CANNIBALISM IN RED KING CRAB:
OBSERVATIONS ON ACTIVITY, FEEDING, AND PREY DEFENSE MECHANISMS
SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE temperature; habitat complexity; predation; cannibalism; aquaculture;
Paralithodes camtschaticus
ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; BLUE-CRAB;
CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; INTERTIDAL
HABITATS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PREDATION RATES
AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate how water temperature mediates the cannibalistic relationship between age 0 and age 1 red king crab (RKC) (Paralithodes camtschaticus), and the role of habitat structure in providing refuge for prey. We also observed the activity levels of age 1 crabs under light and dark conditions, and predator avoidance behavior by the age 0 crabs. Age 1 crabs (15-20 mm in carapace length (CL)) were active 24 h/day, but motion was about 33% higher in light than in dark conditions, and increased in direct proportion with water temperature (2-10 degrees C). Feeding rate was also directly related with temperature for age 1 crabs, which consumed 7% of body weight per day at 2 degrees C, and 20% at 10 degrees C. Both temperature and habitat complexity had significant effects on survival of age 0 RKC (CW, 2.2-2.6 mm) when exposed to age 1 crabs (CL, 17-19 mm), with no significant interaction. Survival diminished 31% in a linear relationship from 2-10 degrees C, and was twice as high in a complex structural environment compared with bare sand habitat. Predator avoidance behavior by age 0 RKC improved from juvenile molt stage 2 to stage 4. Increasing water temperature may serve to increase mortality by cannibalism in RKC, both in aquaculture and in the field, but survival will increase substantially in structurally complex environments.
C1 [Stoner, Allan W.; Ottmar, Michele L.; Haines, Scott A.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
EM al.stoner@noaa.gov
RI Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Alaska Sea Grant
College
FX This study was conducted as part of the AKCRRAB Program (Alaska King
Crab Research, Rehabilitation, and Biology) funded by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aquaculture Program and the
Alaska Sea Grant College Program. Crabs were provided by the Alutiiq
Pride Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, Alaska, with special thanks to B. Daly
and J. Swingle, who cared for and shipped crabs, and offered advice on
crab husbandry. R. Titgen assisted in building experimental apparatus,
and C. Ryer provided constructive criticism for the manuscript.
NR 56
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 4
U2 21
PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC
PI GROTON
PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD,
GROTON, CT 06340 USA
SN 0730-8000
J9 J SHELLFISH RES
JI J. Shellfish Res.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 29
IS 4
BP 1005
EP 1012
DI 10.2983/035.029.0401
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 699NM
UT WOS:000285670100027
ER
PT J
AU Wang, LZ
Emmerich, SJ
Persily, AK
AF Wang, Liangzhu
Emmerich, Steven J.
Persily, Andrew K.
TI In Situ Experimental Study of Carbon Monoxide Generation by
Gasoline-Powered Electric Generator in an Enclosed Space
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
AB On the basis of currently available data, approximately 97% of generator-related carbon monoxide (CO) fatalities are caused by operating currently marketed, carbureted spark-ignited gasoline-powered generators (not equipped with emission controls) in enclosed spaces. To better understand and to reduce the occurrence of these fatalities, research is needed to quantify CO generation rates, develop and test CO emission control devices, and evaluate CO transport and exposure when operating a generator in an enclosed space. As a first step in these efforts, this paper presents measured CO generation rates from a generator without any emission control devices operating in an enclosed space under real weather conditions. This study expands on previously published information from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Thirteen separate tests were conducted under different weather conditions at half and full generator load settings. It was found that the CO level in the shed reached a maximum value of 29,300 +/- 580 mg/m(3), whereas the oxygen (O(2)) was depleted to a minimum level of 16.2 +/- 0.02% by volume. For the test conditions of real weather and generator operation, the CO generation and the O(2) consumption could be expressed as time-averaged generation/consumption rates. It was also found that the CO generation and O(2) consumption rates can be correlated to the O(2) levels in the space and the actual load output from the generator. These correlations are shown to agree well with the measurements.
C1 [Wang, Liangzhu; Emmerich, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Bldg Environm Div, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Emmerich, SJ (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM semmerich@nist.gov
RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010
FU CPSC [CPSC-I-06-0012]; National Institute of Standards and Technology
FX This research was supported by CPSC under the interagency agreement
"CPSC-I-06-0012" between the CSPC and the National Institute of
Standards and Technology. The authors thank Donald W. Switzer, Janet
Buyer, Christopher J. Brown, and Susan Bathalon from CPSC and Gregory T.
Linteris and Steven J. Nabinger from NIST.
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC
PI PITTSBURGH
PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA
SN 1047-3289
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 12
BP 1443
EP 1451
DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.12.1443
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 694GB
UT WOS:000285281900004
PM 21243898
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, P
Zhang, JA
Masters, FJ
AF Zhu, Ping
Zhang, Jun A.
Masters, Forrest J.
TI Wavelet Analyses of Turbulence in the Hurricane Surface Layer during
Landfalls
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPECTRAL
CHARACTERISTICS; ROLL VORTICES; WIND FIELDS; COSPECTRA; IMAGERY; OCEAN;
FLUX; WALL
AB Using wavelet transform (WT), this study analyzes the surface wind data collected by the portable wind towers during the landfalls of six hurricanes and one tropical storm in the 2002-04 seasons. The WT, which decomposes a time series onto the scale-time domain, provides a means to investigate the role of turbulent eddies in the vertical transport in the unsteady, inhomogeneous hurricane surface layer. The normalized WT power spectra (NWPS) show that the hurricane boundary layer roll vortices tend to suppress the eddy circulations immediately adjacent to rolls, but they do not appear to have a substantial effect on eddies smaller than 100 m. For low-wind conditions with surface wind speeds less than 10 m s(-1), the contributions of small eddies (<236 m) to the surface wind stress and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) decrease with the increase of wind speed. The opposite variation trend is found for eddies greater than 236 m. However, for wind speeds greater than 10 m s(-1), contributions of both small and large eddies tend to level off as wind speeds keep increasing. It is also found that the scale of the peak NWPS of the surface wind stress is nearly constant with a mean value of approximately 86 m, whereas the scale of the peak NWPS of TKE generally increases with the increase of wind speed, suggesting the different roles of eddies in generating fluxes and TKE. This study illustrates the unique characteristics of the surface layer turbulent structures during hurricane landfalls. It is hoped that the findings of this study could enlighten the development and improvement of turbulent mixing schemes so that the vertical transport processes in the hurricane surface layer can be appropriately parameterized in forecasting models.
C1 [Zhu, Ping] Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
[Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Masters, Forrest J.] Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL USA.
RP Zhu, P (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, MARC 360,11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
EM zhup@fiu.edu
RI Masters, Forrest/D-1287-2011; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012
OI Masters, Forrest/0000-0001-8203-9846;
FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0847332]; NOAA/Florida Hurricane
Alliance
FX Ping Zhu wishes to acknowledge the support for this work from the
National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-0847332 and the NOAA/Florida
Hurricane Alliance. We are very grateful to the three anonymous
reviewers for their constructive comments. Their helpful suggestions led
to improvements of this paper.
NR 29
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 12
BP 3793
EP 3805
DI 10.1175/2010JAS3437.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696LJ
UT WOS:000285442600003
ER
PT J
AU Wu, CC
Lien, GY
Chen, JH
Zhang, FQ
AF Wu, Chun-Chieh
Lien, Guo-Yuan
Chen, Jan-Huey
Zhang, Fuqing
TI Assimilation of Tropical Cyclone Track and Structure Based on the
Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF)
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SCALE DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; HURRICANE
PREDICTION SYSTEM; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; MODEL EXPERIMENTS; PART
II; INITIALIZATION; MESOSCALE; VORTEX; SCHEME
AB A new tropical cyclone vortex initialization method based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is proposed in this study. Three observed parameters that are related to the tropical cyclone (TC) track and structure center position, velocity of storm motion, and surface axisymmetric wind structure are assimilated into the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during a 24-h initialization period to develop a dynamically balanced TC vortex without employing any extra bogus schemes. The first two parameters are available from the TC track data of operational centers, which are mainly based on satellite analysis. The radial wind profile is constructed by fitting the combined information from both the best-track and the dropwindsonde data available from aircraft surveillance observations, such as the Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR).
The initialized vortex structure is consistent with the observations of a typical vertical TC structure, even though only the surface wind profile is assimilated. In addition, the subsequent numerical integration shows minor adjustments during early periods, indicating that the analysis fields obtained from this method are dynamically balanced. Such a feature is important for TC numerical integrations. The results here suggest that this new method promises an improved TC initialization and could possibly contribute to some high-resolution numerical experiments to better understand the dynamics of TC structure and to improve operational TC model forecasts. Further applications of this method with sophisticated data from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaign (T-PARC) will be shown in a follow-up paper.
C1 [Wu, Chun-Chieh; Lien, Guo-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
[Chen, Jan-Huey] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Zhang, Fuqing] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw
RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010; Lien, Guo-Yuan/C-4613-2016;
OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985; Lien, Guo-Yuan/0000-0002-0400-6210;
Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537
FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 97-2111-M-002-016-MY3, NSC
98-2111-M-002-008-MY3]; Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan
[MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-08-1-G007,
N000140910526]
FX The work is supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan through
Grants NSC 97-2111-M-002-016-MY3 and NSC 98-2111-M-002-008-MY3, the
Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan through MOTC-CWB-98-6M-01, and the
Office of Naval Research Grants N00173-08-1-G007 and N000140910526.
NR 46
TC 35
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 67
IS 12
BP 3806
EP 3822
DI 10.1175/2010JAS3444.1
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 696LJ
UT WOS:000285442600004
ER
PT J
AU Botta, S
Secchi, ER
Muelbert, MMC
Danilewicz, D
Negri, MF
Cappozzo, HL
Hohn, AA
AF Botta, Silvina
Secchi, Eduardo R.
Muelbert, Monica M. C.
Danilewicz, Daniel
Fernanda Negri, Maria
Luis Cappozzo, Humberto
Hohn, Aleta A.
TI Age and growth of franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea:
Pontoporiidae) incidentally caught off southern Brazil and northern
Argentina
SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
LA English
DT Article
DE franciscana; Pontoporia blainvillei; growth; age estimation; South
America; dolphin; Cetacea
ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; HARBOR
PORPOISES; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTION; PATTERNS; COAST;
POPULATIONS
AB Age and length data of 291 franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally captured on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, were used to fit growth curves using Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy growth models. A small sample of franciscanas (N = 35) from Buenos Aires Province (BA), Argentina, were used to see if there are apparent growth differences between the populations. Male and female franciscana samples from both areas were primarily (78-85%) <4 years of age. The Von Bertalanffy growth model with a data set that excluded animals <1 year of age provided the best fit to data. Based on this model, dolphins from the RS population reached asymptotic length at 136.0 cm and 158.4 cm, for males and females, respectively. No remarkable differences were observed in the growth trajectories of males and females between the RS and BA populations.
C1 [Botta, Silvina; Secchi, Eduardo R.; Muelbert, Monica M. C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Mamiferos Marinhos, Inst Oceanog, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
[Danilewicz, Daniel] Grp Estudos Mamiferos Aquat Rio Grande Sul GEMARS, BR-90440150 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
[Fernanda Negri, Maria; Luis Cappozzo, Humberto] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, MACN, Lab Ecol Comportamiento & Mamiferos Marinos, Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
[Hohn, Aleta A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Botta, S (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Mamiferos Marinhos, Inst Oceanog, Cx P 474, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
EM silbotta@yahoo.com
RI Danilewicz, Daniel /O-5024-2014; Secchi, Eduardo/D-5038-2013; Hohn,
Aleta/G-2888-2011
OI Secchi, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-9909; Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062
FU Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente (FNMA); Yaqu Pacha Foundation;
Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal em Ensino Superior
(PEC-PG-CAPES)
FX This study could not have been made without the cooperation of the
fishermen from Rio Grande. Many people collaborated in the collection
and necropsy of the dolphins and the authors wish to thank Manuela
Bassoi, Alexandre Zerbini, Luciana Moller, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Lilia
Fidelix, Juliana Di Tullio, Emanuel Ferreira and numerous volunteers for
helping in this task. The authors also thank Lauro Barcellos (Director
of the Museu Oceanografico-(FURG)) for his constant logistical support
and for encouraging marine mammal studies in southern Brazil. Financial
support was given by the Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente (FNMA) and Yaqu
Pacha Foundation. This paper is part of Silvina Botta's Masters thesis
and the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal em Ensino Superior
(PEC-PG-CAPES) had granted her a graduation fellowship.
NR 61
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 15
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA
SN 0025-3154
J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK
JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 90
IS 8
SI SI
BP 1493
EP 1500
DI 10.1017/S0025315410001141
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 696YX
UT WOS:000285478400003
ER
PT J
AU Yue, CJ
Lu, WS
Li, XF
AF Yue Cai-jun
Lu Wei-song
Li, Xiaofan
TI NUMERICAL MODELING STUDY OF EFFECTS OF EASTERN PACIFIC WARM POOL ON ENSO
SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE eastern Pacific warm pool; ENSO event; Zebiak-Cane ocean-atmosphere
coupled model; sensitivity experiments
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL
VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WIND; ANOMALIES;
CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION
AB In this study, sensitivity experiments were conducted with the Zebiak-Cane ocean-atmosphere coupled model forced by the wind stress anomaly from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data to study the impacts of eastern Pacific warm pool on the formation and development of ENSO events. The effects of climatological mean sea surface temperature of the warm pool on forecast skill during the ENSO events of 1982-1999 are more considerable that those of climatological mean meridional winds and ocean currents. The forecast skill for the 1997/1998 El Nino event is characterized by sensitivity to climatological mean sea surface temperature and anomalies of northerly winds and currents. The forecast skill is found insensitive to climatological mean northerly meridional winds and currents.
C1 [Yue Cai-jun] China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Yue Cai-jun] CMA, Lab Typhoon Forecast Tech, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
[Lu Wei-song] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China.
[Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Yue, CJ (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Shanghai Typhoon Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
EM yuecaijun2000@163.com
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40875025, 40875030,
40775033, 40921160381]; Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China
[08ZR1422900]; New Meteorology Technology of the China Meteorological
Administration [09A13]
FX National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875025, 40875030,
40775033, 40921160381); Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China
(08ZR1422900); Key Promotion Project of New Meteorology Technology of
the China Meteorological Administration in 2009 (09A13)
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU JOURNAL OF TROPICAL METEOROLOGICAL PRESS
PI GUANGZHOU
PA 6 FU JIN RD, GUANGZHOU, 510080, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1006-8775
J9 J TROP METEOROL
JI J. Trop. Meteorol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 16
IS 4
BP 355
EP 362
DI 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8775.2010.04.007
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 695VZ
UT WOS:000285402000007
ER
PT J
AU Kimbrough, KL
Commey, S
Apeti, DA
Lauenstein, GG
AF Kimbrough, K. L.
Commey, S.
Apeti, D. A.
Lauenstein, G. G.
TI Chemical contamination assessment of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary as a
result of the attacks on the World Trade Center: Analysis of trace
elements
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Trace elements; World Trade Center; Mussel Watch Program; Monitoring;
Mussels; Hudson-Raritan Estuary
AB The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in the destruction of buildings, and the release of tons of dust and debris into the environment. As part of the effort to characterize the environmental impact of the WTC collapse, Mussel Watch Program trace element measurements from the Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE) were assessed for the years before (1986-2001) and after (2001-2005) the attack. Trace element measurements in the HRE were significantly higher than Mussel Watch measurements taken elsewhere in the Nation. Post-attack trace element measurements were not significantly different from pre-attack measurements. The impacts of WTC collapse may have been obscured by high ambient levels of trace elements in the HRE. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Kimbrough, K. L.; Apeti, D. A.; Lauenstein, G. G.] NOAA N SCI1, Natl Status & Trends Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
[Commey, S.] Florida A&M Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA.
RP Kimbrough, KL (reprint author), NOAA N SCI1, Natl Status & Trends Program, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM kimani.kimbrough@noaa.gov
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 12
BP 2289
EP 2296
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.009
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 700JU
UT WOS:000285735700029
PM 21095405
ER
PT J
AU Reed, LA
Pennington, PL
Wirth, E
AF Reed, Lou Ann
Pennington, Paul L.
Wirth, Edward
TI A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of stone crabs
(Menippe mercenaria) from South Carolina Coastal Waters
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE Stone crab; Menippe mercenaria; South Carolina; Trace metals; Arsenic;
Mercury
ID ERIOCHEIR-SINENSIS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; TIDAL CREEK; BAY
AB The stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) is an important component of the estuarine food web as both predator and prey. Stone crabs live in sediment, primarily consume oysters, and as a result, have the potential to accumulate significant quantities of pollutants including metals. In South Carolina, the stone crab is becoming a targeted fishery as an ecologically sustainable seafood choice. To date, no studies have reported metals in stone crab tissues. This study examined the distribution of major and minor trace elements in chelae and body muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas. Crabs were collected from three tidal areas within Charleston County, South Carolina, with differing upland use. Results were compared by collection location and by tissue type. Concentrations of some metals associated with anthropogenic activities were up to three times higher in crabs from sites adjacent to more urbanized areas. Concentrations in edible tissues were below historical FDA levels of concern. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Reed, Lou Ann; Wirth, Edward] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
[Pennington, Paul L.] JHT Inc NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
RP Reed, LA (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA.
EM LouAnn.Reed@noaa.gov; Paul.Pennington@noaa.-gov; Ed.Wirth@noaa.gov
FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium; South Carolina Department of
Natural Resources Cooperative Fisheries Research Grants Project
FX This study complements South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium and the South
Carolina Department of Natural Resources Cooperative Fisheries Research
Grants Project, "Evaluation of the Viability of a Stone Crab Fishery in
South Carolina Using a GIS". SC Dept. of Natural Resources is
acknowledged for providing Experimental Permit EX09-0067 to allow
collection of the stone crabs. The authors would like to thank
commercial stone crab fisherman, Daniel K. Morey, for his expertise and
assistance in the field collection of stone crabs.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 60
IS 12
BP 2297
EP 2302
DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.09.025
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 700JU
UT WOS:000285735700030
PM 20970814
ER
PT J
AU Ripple, D
AF Ripple, Dean
TI The Wider World of Thermowells
SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT News Item
C1 [Ripple, Dean] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Sensing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Ripple, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Sensing Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG
PI NEW YORK
PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0025-6501
J9 MECH ENG
JI Mech. Eng.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 12
BP 20
EP 20
PG 1
WC Engineering, Mechanical
SC Engineering
GA 686DC
UT WOS:000284676000012
ER
PT J
AU Kumar, A
AF Kumar, Arun
TI On the assessment of the value of the seasonal forecast information
SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Review
DE seasonal forecast; forecast application forecast value; economic value
of seasonal forecasts
ID CLIMATE FORECASTS; DECISION-MAKING; ECONOMIC VALUE; WEATHER FORECASTS;
PREDICTION; AGRICULTURE; UTILITY; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; PRODUCT
AB Seasonal climate forecasts are now routinely produced at many operational and research centres With the availability of the emerging technology of seasonal climate predictions for managing risks, however, it has proven difficult to quantify the value of seasonal climate forecasts in various applications The definition of the value in the context of the use of the Seasonal Forecast Information (SFI) is the net benefit a user (or society) incurs as a result of change in management practices in response to the availability of the SFI
A review of the difficulties associated with the value assessment of the SFI is presented The paper includes a broad overview of pathways how the SFI is used by the various users and applications The discussion then summarizes difficulties associated with isolating the benefits of the use of the SFI leading to the current paradigm where the value assessments from the use of the SFI are hard to quantify Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
C1 [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
NR 54
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 12
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 1350-4827
J9 METEOROL APPL
JI Meteorol. Appl.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 17
IS 4
BP 385
EP 392
DI 10.1002/met.167
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 701EJ
UT WOS:000285796800001
ER
PT J
AU Wang, DH
Li, XF
Tao, WK
AF Wang, Donghai
Li, Xiaofan
Tao, Wei-Kuo
TI Torrential rainfall responses to radiative and microphysical processes
of ice clouds during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006)
SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; SQUALL-LINE; MICROSCALE
STRUCTURE; STRATIFORM REGIONS; EQUILIBRIUM STATES; FRONTAL RAINBANDS;
PRECIPITATION; ORGANIZATION; MESOSCALE
AB Ice clouds are an important component in precipitation systems. The radiative processes of ice clouds directly impact radiation in heat budget and the microphysical processes of ice clouds directly affect latent heat and net condensation through deposition processes, which may eventually change surface rainfall. Thus, torrential rainfall responses to radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds during a landfall of severe tropical storm Bilis (2006) are investigated with the analysis of sensitivity experiments. The two-dimensional cloud-resolving model is integrated for 3 days with imposed zonally uniform vertical velocity, zonal wind, horizontal temperature and vapor advection from NCEP/GDAS data. One sensitivity experiment excludes the radiative effects of ice clouds and the other sensitivity experiment excludes ice microphysics and associated radiative and microphysical processes. Model domain mean surface rain rate is barely changed by the exclusion of radiative effects of ice clouds due to the small decrease in net condensation associated with the small reduction in latent heat as a result of the offset between the increase in radiative cooling and the decrease in heat divergence. The exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds decreases the mean rain rate simply through the suppression of latent heat as a result of the removal of deposition processes. The total exclusion of ice microphysics decreases the mean rain rate mainly through the exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds.
C1 [Wang, Donghai] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Donghai] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA.
[Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Tao, Wei-Kuo] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather LaSW, Beijing, Peoples R China.
EM d.wang@hotmail.com
RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014
FU State Key Basic Research Development Program [2009CB421504]; National
Natural Science Foundation [40633016, 40875022, 40830958]
FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive
comments. This research was supported by the State Key Basic Research
Development Program (2009CB421504), and the National Natural Science
Foundation under the Grant No. 40633016, 40875022 and 40830958.
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7971
J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS
JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 109
IS 3-4
BP 107
EP 114
DI 10.1007/s00703-010-0097-5
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680YB
UT WOS:000284272300003
ER
PT J
AU Ravi, J
Rakowska, PD
Garfagnini, T
Baron, B
Charlet, P
Jones, C
Milev, S
Lorenz, JD
Plusquellic, D
Wien, F
Wu, L
Meuse, C
Knight, AE
AF Ravi, Jascindra
Rakowska, Paulina D.
Garfagnini, Tommaso
Baron, Bruno
Charlet, Philippe
Jones, Christopher
Milev, Stoyan
Lorenz, Julie DeSa
Plusquellic, David
Wien, Frank
Wu, Liqing
Meuse, CurtisW
Knight, Alex E.
TI International comparability in spectroscopic measurements of protein
structure by circular dichroism: CCQM-P59.1
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; STANDARDIZATION; CALIBRATION; MAGNITUDE
AB Circular dichroism (CD) is a spectroscopic technique that is widely used to obtain information about protein structure, and hence is an important tool with many applications, including the characterization of biopharmaceuticals. A previous inter-laboratory study, CCQM-P59, showed that there was a poor level of comparability between laboratories in CD spectroscopy. In a follow-up study reported here, we achieved our goal of demonstrating improved comparability and data quality, primarily by addressing the problems identified in the previous study, which included cell path-length measurement, instrument calibration and good practice in general. Multivariate analysis techniques (principal component analysis and soft independent modelling of class analogies) were shown to be useful in comparing large spectral data sets and in classifying spectra. However, our results also show that there is more work to be done to improve confidence in the technique as the discrepancies observed were partially due to systematic effects, which the statistical approaches do not consider. We therefore conclude that there is a need for an improved understanding of the uncertainties in CD measurement.
C1 [Ravi, Jascindra; Rakowska, Paulina D.; Garfagnini, Tommaso; Knight, Alex E.] Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
[Baron, Bruno] CNRS, Inst Pasteur Plate Forme Biophys Macromol & Leurs, URA 2185, F-75015 Paris, France.
[Charlet, Philippe] Lab Natl Essais, Paris, France.
[Jones, Christopher] Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Mol Struct Lab, S Mimms EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
[Milev, Stoyan; Lorenz, Julie DeSa] Olis Inc, Bogart, GA USA.
[Plusquellic, David] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Wien, Frank] Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Wu, Liqing] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Meuse, CurtisW] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Knight, AE (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
EM alex.knight@npl.co.uk
RI Knight, Alex/C-6041-2008; Wien, Frank/B-7846-2012
OI Knight, Alex/0000-0001-7302-1636; Wien, Frank/0000-0002-0752-8735
FU National Measurement Office
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the study
participants, without whose efforts this study would not have been
possible. They would also like to thank the members of the CCQM
Bioanalysis Working Group for supporting the study and for their input
and suggestions. This work was funded by the Chemical and Biological
Metrology Programme of the National Measurement Office.
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 6
BP 631
EP 641
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/6/001
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 691OC
UT WOS:000285089700002
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CM
Iyer, HK
AF Wang, C. M.
Iyer, Hari K.
TI On multiple-method studies
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
ID WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; VALUES
AB In this paper we review statistical models that describe measurements from a multiple-method study such as in the development of a reference material. We also review requirements for the so-called GUM compliance, as this appears to be an important criterion for choosing a model and a method for assigning a value to a measurand of interest and calculating its uncertainty. For each modelling approach, we identify groups of competing methods and evaluate their status with respect to their statistical characteristics and GUM compliance.
C1 [Wang, C. M.; Iyer, Hari K.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Iyer, Hari K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Wang, CM (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 6
BP 642
EP 645
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/47/6/002
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 691OC
UT WOS:000285089700003
ER
PT J
AU Janowiak, JE
Bauer, P
Wang, WQ
Arkin, PA
Gottschalck, J
AF Janowiak, John E.
Bauer, Peter
Wang, Wanqiu
Arkin, Phillip A.
Gottschalck, Jon
TI An Evaluation of Precipitation Forecasts from Operational Models and
Reanalyses Including Precipitation Variations Associated with MJO
Activity
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; CUMULUS
PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ECMWF MODEL;
ENSO; MODULATION; CONVECTION; VARIABILITY
AB In this paper, the results of an examination of precipitation forecasts for 1-30-day leads from global models run at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) during November 2007 February 2008 are presented. The performance of the model precipitation forecasts are examined in global and regional contexts, and results of a case study of precipitation variations that are associated with a moderate to strong Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) event are presented.
The precipitation forecasts from the ECMWF and NCEP operational prediction models have nearly identical temporal correlation with observed precipitation at forecast leads from 2 to 9 days over the Northern Hemisphere during the cool season, despite the higher resolution of the ECMWF operational model, while the ECMWF operational model forecasts are slightly better in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere during the warm season. The ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim) precipitation forecasts perform only slightly worse than the NCEP operational model, while NCEP's Climate Forecast System low-resolution coupled model forecasts perform the worst among the four models. In terms of bias, the ECMWF operational model performs the best among the four model forecasts that were examined, particularly with respect to the ITCZ regions in both the Atlantic and Pacific. Local temporal correlations that were computed on daily precipitation totals for day-2 forecasts against observations indicate that the operational models at ECMWF and NCEP perform the best during the 4-month study period, and that all of the models have low to insignificant correlations over land and over much of the tropics. They perform the best in subtropical and extratropical oceanic regions.
Also presented are results that show that striking improvements have been made over the past two decades in the ability of the models to represent precipitation variations that are associated with MJO. The model precipitation forecasts exhibit the ability to characterize the evolution of precipitation variations during a moderate strong period of MJO conditions for forecast leads as long as 10 days.
C1 [Janowiak, John E.; Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Bauer, Peter] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England.
[Wang, Wanqiu; Gottschalck, Jon] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA.
RP Janowiak, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Suite 4001,Room 3031,5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM johnj@essic.umd.edu
FU NOAA Climate Prediction Center through the Cooperative Institute for
Climate and Satellites of the University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006]
FX The ECMWF interim reanalysis was produced and kindly made available by
Dick Dee (ECMWF) and his coworkers. Support for the first author
(Janowiak) and one of the coauthors (Arkin) for this work was provided
by the NOAA Climate Prediction Center through the Cooperative Institute
for Climate and Satellites of the University of Maryland (Grant
NA09NES4400006).
NR 40
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 12
BP 4542
EP 4560
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3436.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702QR
UT WOS:000285909700017
ER
PT J
AU Gruskin, Z
AF Gruskin, Zachary
TI Untitled Reply
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Gruskin, Zachary] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Gruskin, Zachary] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA.
RP Gruskin, Z (reprint author), 17350 SW 52 Ct, SW Ranches, FL 33331 USA.
EM zachary.gruskin@noaa.gov
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 138
IS 12
BP 4583
EP 4584
DI 10.1175/2010MWR3559.1
PG 2
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702QR
UT WOS:000285909700020
ER
PT J
AU Friedlingstein, P
Houghton, RA
Marland, G
Hackler, J
Boden, TA
Conway, TJ
Canadell, JG
Raupach, MR
Ciais, P
Le Quere, C
AF Friedlingstein, P.
Houghton, R. A.
Marland, G.
Hackler, J.
Boden, T. A.
Conway, T. J.
Canadell, J. G.
Raupach, M. R.
Ciais, P.
Le Quere, C.
TI Update on CO2 emissions
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SINKS
C1 [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
[Houghton, R. A.; Hackler, J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA.
[Marland, G.; Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Canadell, J. G.; Raupach, M. R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
[Ciais, P.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Le Quere, C.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge BC3 0ET, England.
RP Friedlingstein, P (reprint author), Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
EM p.friedlingstein@exeter.ac.uk
RI Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Le
Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017
OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Le Quere,
Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452
NR 10
TC 233
Z9 238
U1 10
U2 181
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 3
IS 12
BP 811
EP 812
DI 10.1038/ngeo1022
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 687DO
UT WOS:000284755800002
ER
PT J
AU Giorgetta, FR
Coddington, I
Baumann, E
Swann, WC
Newbury, NR
AF Giorgetta, F. R.
Coddington, I.
Baumann, E.
Swann, W. C.
Newbury, N. R.
TI Fast high-resolution spectroscopy of dynamic continuous-wave laser
sources
SO NATURE PHOTONICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIZER; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; FIBER LASER; COMB;
GENERATOR; SPECTROMETRY; METROLOGY
AB Time-resolved, high-accuracy and high-resolution spectroscopy of rapidly tuned continuous-wave lasers is critical to realizing their full potential for sensing, but is not possible with conventional spectrometers. We demonstrate a coherent dual-comb-based spectrometer capable of measuring continuous-wave optical waveforms at time resolutions of 30 mu s and 320 mu s over terahertz bandwidths. Within each time interval, the spectrometer returns the laser frequency spectrum with kilohertz absolute accuracy and time-bandwidth limited precision. Unlike etalon-based techniques, each measurement is independently calibrated, which allows for discontinuous source tuning between measurements and the characterization of arbitrary continuous-wave waveforms. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the technique, we measure a laser during a nonlinear scan over 28 nm, a laser step-scanned over a 42-nm span containing several molecular absorption lines, a mechanically perturbed laser, and two lasers tuned simultaneously. Our approach should enable optimized waveforms for sensing applications including multispecies gas detection(1-3), coherent laser radar(4-6) and optical metrology(7-9).
C1 [Giorgetta, F. R.; Coddington, I.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Giorgetta, FR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM fabrizio@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov
RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015
OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann,
Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Swiss National
Science Foundation (SNF) [PBNEP2-127797]
FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST). F.R.G. received support from the Swiss National
Science Foundation (SNF) under grant no. PBNEP2-127797. The authors
acknowledge helpful discussions with Z. Barber, A. Dienstfry, T. Fortier
and F. Quinlan.
NR 30
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 4
U2 36
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1749-4885
J9 NAT PHOTONICS
JI Nat. Photonics
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 4
IS 12
BP 853
EP 857
DI 10.1038/nphoton.2010.228
PG 5
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA 687CX
UT WOS:000284753200016
ER
PT J
AU Ahrenholz, DW
Smith, JW
AF Ahrenholz, Dean W.
Smith, Joseph W.
TI Effect of Hang-in Percentage on Catch Rates of Flounder in the North
Carolina Inshore Gill-Net Fishery
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID STIZOSTEDION-LUCIOPERCA L; SELECTIVITY; PIKEPERCH; LENGTH
AB The effects of hang-in percentage (degree of tautness) on the catch efficiency of gill nets for paralichthine flounders in North Carolina were examined using monofilament gill nets with 5.75-in stretched mesh. Nets with hang-in percentages of 33% and 60% were fished in pairs and were separated by a single monofilament gill net of 5.50-in stretched mesh. Catches of the paired test nets were significantly different, with the catches obtained by the looser nets (60% hang-in) exceeding the catches in the more tightly hung nets (33% hang-in) by 37% in number of fish and 46% in estimated weight. Length-frequency distributions of the catch were not significantly different between the paired nets with different hang-in percentages. Length-frequency distributions of legal-sized fish taken in 5.50- and 5.75-in stretched-mesh nets were significantly different, with the smaller mesh size resulting in a smaller (left-shifted) length-frequency distribution. Thus, hang-in percentage can be manipulated to alter flounder harvest rates per unit of net, and small changes in mesh size can alter the size distribution of the catch.
C1 [Ahrenholz, Dean W.; Smith, Joseph W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
RP Ahrenholz, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
EM dean.ahrenholz@noaa.gov
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1401
EP 1407
DI 10.1577/M10-127.1
PG 7
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 709EQ
UT WOS:000286421000006
ER
PT J
AU Roni, P
Pess, G
Beechie, T
Morley, S
AF Roni, Philip
Pess, George
Beechie, Tim
Morley, Sarah
TI Estimating Changes in Coho Salmon and Steelhead Abundance from Watershed
Restoration: How Much Restoration Is Needed to Measurably Increase Smolt
Production?
SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; WESTERN WASHINGTON STREAMS;
ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SIDE-CHANNELS; HABITAT USE;
RIVER; OREGON; SURVIVAL; TROUT
AB Using existing data from evaluations of habitat restoration, we estimated the average change in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and steelhead O. mykiss parr and smolt densities for common in-channel (culvert removal, large wood placement, boulder placement, and constructed logjams) and floodplain restoration techniques (constructed side channels and reconnected floodplain habitats). We then used these numbers and a Monte Carlo simulation to predict changes in fish numbers in a model watershed for two restoration scenarios: (1) restoration of all accessible habitat within the watershed and (2) restoration of the average amount historically implemented in Puget Sound watersheds (8% of total restorable areas). Mean increases in coho salmon parr or smolt density after restoration ranged from 0.19 to 2.32 parr/m for in-channel techniques and from 0.34 to 1.70 parr/m(2) for floodplain techniques. Increases in steelhead parr or smolt density ranged from -0.06 to 0.71 fish/m and from 0.03 to 0.06 fish/m(2) for in-channel and floodplain techniques, respectively. Under restoration scenario 1, the predicted mean increase in numbers was 1,459,254 (117%) and 285,302 (140%) for coho salmon parr and smolts and 93,965 (65%) and 28,001 (125%) for steelhead parr and smolts. Under scenario 2, the predicted mean increase in parr and smolts was 59,591 (5%) and 15,022 (7%) for coho salmon and 1,733 (1%) and 1,195 (5%) for steelhead. The percentage of floodplain and in-channel habitat that would have to be restored in the modeled watershed to detect a 25% increase in coho salmon and steelhead smolt production (the minimum level detectable by most monitoring programs) was 20%. However, given the large variability in fish response (changes in density or abundance) to restoration, 100% of the habitat would need to be restored to be 95% certain of achieving a 25% increase in smolt production for either species. Our study demonstrates that considerable restoration is needed to produce measurable changes in fish abundance at a watershed scale.
C1 [Roni, Philip; Pess, George; Beechie, Tim; Morley, Sarah] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
RP Roni, P (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
EM phil.roni@noaa.gov
FU NOAA Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund
FX We thank Jeremy Davies for providing and summarizing data on habitat and
stream lengths for Puget Sound watersheds, Brendan Sylvander for
providing summaries from the NOAA Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund
database, and Hiroo Imaki for creating the map of the Puget Sound basin.
We also thank Martin Liermann, Ashley Steel, Tracy Collier, John Stein,
Josh Latterell, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on
earlier versions of this manuscript.
NR 59
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 9
U2 57
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0275-5947
EI 1548-8675
J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE
JI North Am. J. Fish Manage.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1469
EP 1484
DI 10.1577/M09-162.1
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 709EQ
UT WOS:000286421000014
ER
PT J
AU Zeissler, CJ
Lindstrom, AP
AF Zeissler, C. J.
Lindstrom, A. P.
TI Spectral measurements of imaging plate backgrounds, alpha-particles and
beta-particles
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Autoradiography; Background; BaFBr; Carbon 14; Cosmic rays; Imaging
plate; Phosphor; Potassium 40; PSL; Radioluminography; Storage
phosphors; Spectrometry
ID RADIOACTIVITY DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT; MATERIAL-SURFACES; STORAGE
PHOSPHOR; RADIATION
AB Background radiation and radioactive sources have been measured with laser-scanned phosphor imaging plates using an Image processing method that produces spectra This enables distinction between ambient background radiation alpha and beta radionuclides and provides a means for quantitation The background counts span a broad spectral continuum whereas counts resulting from alpha and beta activity are restricted to certain regions within the background continuum spectrum The alpha-counting spectral region has a background count rate of <0 01 counts mm(-2) h(-1) The beta-counting region has a count rate of <1 count mm(-2) h(-1) One region of the background spectrum is attributed to heavy ions from cosmic rays and has a count rate of <1 count cm(-2) day(-1) With regard to imaging spectrometry beta-particles from (3)H (E(max)=0 0186 MeV) could be distinguished from higher energy beta-particles such as those from (14)C (E(max)=0 157 MeV) and (40)K (E(max)=1 33 MeV) Beta-particles can be distinguished from alpha-particles and radionuclide counts can be distinguished from the background The spectral characterization of the background alpha-particles and beta-particles is expected to support applications in cosmic ray heavy ion radionuclide and electron studies Published by Elsevier B V
C1 [Zeissler, C. J.; Lindstrom, A. P.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Zeissler, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD DEC 1
PY 2010
VL 624
IS 1
BP 92
EP 100
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.002
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 681IC
UT WOS:000284303600012
ER
PT J
AU Bourassa, MA
Gille, ST
Jackson, DL
Roberts, JB
Wick, GA
AF Bourassa, Mark A.
Gille, Sarah T.
Jackson, Darren L.
Roberts, J. Brent
Wick, Gary A.
TI Ocean Winds and Turbulent Air-Sea Fluxes Inferred From Remote Sensing
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; LATENT-HEAT FLUX;
SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SAMPLING ERRORS; GLOBAL OCEANS; BULK
PARAMETERIZATION; VOS OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GAS TRANSFER
AB Surface turbulent fluxes are key pathways through which the atmosphere is coupled with the ocean. They provide mechanisms through which momentum, energy, moisture, and materials such as CO2 are transferred between the ocean and atmosphere. Surface fluxes are also important players in vertical and horizontal transport in the atmosphere and the ocean. There have been attempts to estimate surface fluxes directly from satellite observations; however, they are typically calculated from observations of surface and near-surface variables. Recent improvements in the measurement of vector winds, air temperatures, and atmospheric humidities have all contributed to better estimation of surface fluxes from satellite observations. These advances are discussed in the context of applications, with examples from a tropical cyclone and a very strong mid-latitude storm. Proposed future systems that use improved instrumentation and collecate observations of winds, temperatures, and humidities will increase the accuracy beyond current capabilities. Targets for a variety of important climate-related processes are provided.
C1 [Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Bourassa, Mark A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Gille, Sarah T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Jackson, Darren L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Roberts, J. Brent] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
[Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Satellite Applicat Grp, Natl Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Bourassa, MA (reprint author), Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
EM bourassa@coaps.fsu.edu
RI Gille, Sarah/B-3171-2012; Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015
OI Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866
NR 72
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 9
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 4
SI SI
BP 36
EP 51
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 697DS
UT WOS:000285493400008
ER
PT J
AU Yoder, JA
Doney, SC
Siegel, DA
Wilson, C
AF Yoder, James A.
Doney, Scott C.
Siegel, David A.
Wilson, Cara
TI Study of Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry Now and in the Future
Examples of the Unique Contributions from Space
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEAN-COLOR DATA; WARM-CORE RING; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; CENTRAL NORTH
PACIFIC; CARBON-CYCLE MODELS; SARGASSO SEA; MESOSCALE EDDIES;
CARETTA-CARETTA; TIME-SERIES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY
AB Ocean color remote sensing has profoundly influenced how oceanographers think about marine ecosystems and their variability in space and time. Satellite ocean color radiometry (OCR) provides a unique perspective for studying the processes regulating marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry at scales difficult to study with ships and moorings. Satellite OCR is especially useful when supported by other in situ and space observations. In this review, we highlight three areas related to marine ecosystems and biogeochemical processes to which satellite observations have made important and unique contributions understanding the responses of ocean ecosystems to physical processes operating at meso- to global scales, coupled physical-ecosystem-biogeochemical modeling and marine living resource management.
C1 [Yoder, James A.; Doney, Scott C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Siegel, David A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Wilson, Cara] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
EM jyoder@whoi.edu
RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; Siegel,
David/C-5587-2008;
OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322
FU NASA; NOAA
FX The authors are grateful for financial assistance from NASA, NOAA, and
their respective home institutions. We thank those who helped with the
figures for the manuscript including M. Behrenfeld, G. Feldman, N.
Kuring, and I. Lima. Comments from two reviewers led to significant
improvements to the manuscript.
NR 104
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 13
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 4
SI SI
BP 104
EP 117
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 697DS
UT WOS:000285493400013
ER
PT J
AU Eakin, CM
Nim, CJ
Brainard, RE
Aubrecht, C
Elvidge, C
Gledhill, DK
Muller-Karger, F
Mumby, PJ
Skirving, WJ
Strong, AE
Wang, MH
Weeks, S
Wentz, F
Ziskin, D
AF Eakin, C. Mark
Nim, Carl J.
Brainard, Russell E.
Aubrecht, Christoph
Elvidge, Chris
Gledhill, Dwight K.
Muller-Karger, Frank
Mumby, Peter J.
Skirving, William J.
Strong, Alan E.
Wang, Menghua
Weeks, Scarla
Wentz, Frank
Ziskin, Daniel
TI Monitoring Coral Reefs from Space
SO OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISH SPECIES RICHNESS;
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IKONOS IMAGERY; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM
AB Coral reefs are one of the worlds's most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems. However, these valuable resources are highly threatened by human activities. Satellite remotely sensed observations enhance our understanding of coral reefs and some of the threats facing them by providing global spatial and time-series data on reef habitats and the environmental conditions influencing them in near-real time. This review highlights many of the ways in which satellites are currently used to monitor coral reefs and their threats, and provides a look toward future needs and capabilities.
C1 [Eakin, C. Mark; Strong, Alan E.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Nim, Carl J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Brainard, Russell E.] NOAA Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI USA.
[Aubrecht, Christoph] Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria.
[Elvidge, Chris] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO USA.
[Gledhill, Dwight K.] NOAA Off Ocean & Atmospher Res OAR, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Muller-Karger, Frank] Univ S Florida, Inst Marine Remote Sensing, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
[Mumby, Peter J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
[Skirving, William J.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Kirwan, Qld, Australia.
[Wang, Menghua] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA.
[Weeks, Scarla] Univ Queensland, Ctr Spatial Environm Res, Brisbane St Lucia, Qld, Australia.
[Wentz, Frank] Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA.
[Ziskin, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM mark.eakin@noaa.gov
RI Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Skirving,
William/E-7927-2011; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Elvidge,
Christopher/C-3012-2009; Aubrecht, Christoph/K-1821-2012; Weeks,
Scarla/E-8632-2013; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010
OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; Wang,
Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Weeks, Scarla/0000-0002-0579-7069;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics
and Space Administration; Australian Research Council; World Bank/Global
Environment Facility
FX Thanks to the many colleagues and collaborators who have contributed to
the development of satellite remote-sensing technology and its
application to coral reef ecosystems. In particular, we thank Serge
Andrefouet and additional reviewers for their thoughtful evaluation of
manuscripts. We are also grateful to the funding agencies and
organizations that have supported the work, including the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, the Australian Research Council, and the World
Bank/Global Environment Facility. The manuscript contents are solely the
opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy,
decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US government.
NR 106
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 19
PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA
SN 1042-8275
J9 OCEANOGRAPHY
JI Oceanography
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 4
SI SI
BP 118
EP 133
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 697DS
UT WOS:000285493400014
ER
PT J
AU Bornemann, F
Clarkson, P
Deift, P
Edelman, A
Its, A
Lozier, D
AF Bornemann, Folkmar
Clarkson, Peter
Deift, Percy
Edelman, Alan
Its, Alexander
Lozier, Daniel
TI Painleve Project on the Web
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Letter
C1 [Bornemann, Folkmar] Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany.
[Clarkson, Peter] Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England.
[Deift, Percy] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY USA.
[Edelman, Alan] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Its, Alexander] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
[Lozier, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bornemann, F (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Munich, Germany.
EM p.a.clarkson@kent.ac.uk
RI Its , Alexander/M-8747-2015
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 63
IS 12
SI SI
BP 10
EP +
DI 10.1063/1.3529392
PG 2
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 692BL
UT WOS:000285126400005
ER
PT J
AU Delabie, E
Brix, M
Giroud, C
Jaspers, RJE
Marchuk, O
O'Mullane, MG
Ralchenko, Y
Surrey, E
von Hellermann, MG
Zastrow, KD
AF Delabie, E.
Brix, M.
Giroud, C.
Jaspers, R. J. E.
Marchuk, O.
O'Mullane, M. G.
Ralchenko, Yu
Surrey, E.
von Hellermann, M. G.
Zastrow, K. D.
CA Contributors, JE
TI Consistency of atomic data for the interpretation of beam emission
spectra
SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTON-HYDROGEN COLLISIONS; 1ST EXCITED-STATE; FUSION PLASMAS; POWER
FRACTIONS; BARE IONS; IONIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEXTOR; TOKAMAK;
RECOMBINATION
AB Several collisional-radiative (CR) models (Anderson et al 2000 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 42 781-806, Hutchinson 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 71-82, Marchuk et al 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 10F532) have been developed to calculate the attenuation and the population of excited states of hydrogen or deuterium beams injected into tokamak plasmas. The datasets generated by these CR models are needed for the modelling of beam ion deposition and (excited) beam densities in current experiments, and the reliability of these data will be crucial to obtain helium ash densities on ITER combining charge exchange and beam emission spectroscopy. Good agreement between the different CR models for the neutral beam (NB) is found, if corrections to the fundamental cross sections are taken into account. First the H(alpha) and H(beta) beam emission spectra from JET are compared with the expected intensities. Second, the line ratios within the Stark multiplet are compared with the predictions of a sublevel resolved model. The measured intensity of the full multiplet is approximate to 30% lower than expected on the basis of beam attenuation codes and the updated beam emission rates, but apart from the atomic data this could also be due to the characterization of the NB path and line of sight integration and the absolute calibration of the optics. The modelled n = 3 to n = 4 population agrees very well with the ratio of the measured H(alpha) to H(beta) beam emission intensities.
C1 [Brix, M.; Giroud, C.; Surrey, E.; Zastrow, K. D.] EURATOM CCFE Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
[Jaspers, R. J. E.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Marchuk, O.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Assoc EURATOM FZJ, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[O'Mullane, M. G.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland.
[Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Delabie, E.; von Hellermann, M. G.] EURATOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
JET EFDA Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
RP Delabie, E (reprint author), EURATOM, FOM Inst Plasma Phys Rijnhuizen, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
EM e.delabie@fz-juelich.de
RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016;
OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Delabie, Ephrem/0000-0001-9834-874X
FU EURATOM
FX This work was supported by EURATOM and carried out within the framework
of the European Fusion Development Agreement. The views and opinions
expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European
Commission.
NR 38
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 4
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0741-3335
J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F
JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 52
IS 12
AR 125008
DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/125008
PN 1
PG 17
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA 743YS
UT WOS:000289056900009
ER
PT J
AU Antonucci, JM
Skrtic, D
AF Antonucci, Joseph M.
Skrtic, Drago
TI Fine-Tuning of Polymeric Resins and their Interfaces with Amorphous
Calcium Phosphate. A Strategy for Designing Effective Remineralizing
Dental Composites
SO POLYMERS
LA English
DT Article
DE adhesion; amorphous calcium phosphate; degree of vinyl conversion;
mechanical strength; methacrylate monomers; polymerization;
structure-property relationship; water sorption
AB For over a decade our group has been designing, preparing and evaluating bioactive, remineralizing composites based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fillers embedded in polymerized methacrylate resin matrices. In these studies a major focus has been on exploring structure-property relationships of the matrix phase of these composites on their anti-cariogenic potential. The main challenges were to gain a better understanding of polymer matrix/filler interfacial properties through controlling the surface properties of the fillers or through fine-tuning of the resin matrix. In this work, we describe the effect of chemical structure and composition of the resin matrices on some of the critical physicochemical properties of the copolymers and their ACP composites. Such structure-property studies are essential in formulating clinically effective products, and this knowledge base is likely to have strong impact on the future design of therapeutic materials, appropriate for mineral restoration in defective tooth structures.
C1 [Antonucci, Joseph M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Skrtic, Drago] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Skrtic, D (reprint author), Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joe.antonucci@nist.gov; drago.skrtic@nist.gov
FU National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [DE
13169]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; American Dental
Association Foundation
FX Reported work was supported by the National Institute of Dental and
Craniofacial Research (NIDCR grant DE 13169), National Institute of
Standards and Technology and American Dental Association Foundation.
Generous contribution of the monomers utilized in this study from
Esstech, Essington, PA, USA is gratefully acknowledged.
NR 33
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 5
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 2073-4360
J9 POLYMERS-BASEL
JI Polymers
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 2
IS 4
BP 378
EP 392
DI 10.3390/polym2040378
PG 15
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA V27GH
UT WOS:000208601200002
PM 21283507
ER
PT J
AU Bunk, DM
AF Bunk, David M.
TI Design considerations for proteomic reference materials
SO PROTEOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Accuracy; Animal proteomics; Comparability; Reference materials
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS; PROTEINS; PERFORMANCE
AB In order to Improve the repeatability comparabihty and accuracy of MS based proteomic measurements there has been considerable international effort to develop appropriate reference materials Although the majority of reference materials are developed to support measurement quality of routine assays the development of reference materials for a diverse and changing research field such as proteomics represents unique challenges In order to define common measurement components and common features of typical proteomic samples, the metrology underpinning proteomics must be considered due to the diversity and changing nature of the field Reference materials can then be designed around common aspects in order to produce reference materials with the broadest applicability Reference materials are needed to support both qualitative and quantitative proteomic measurements, involving different design considerations Consensus and validated statistical approaches to describe the confidence in qualitative measurement such as protein identification needs to be established Common sources of measurement bias also need to be considered in proteomic reference material design
C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Bunk, DM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1615-9853
J9 PROTEOMICS
JI Proteomics
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 10
IS 23
BP 4220
EP 4225
DI 10.1002/pmic.201000242
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 701VK
UT WOS:000285851900009
PM 21046617
ER
PT J
AU Resch-Genger, U
Derose, PC
AF Resch-Genger, Ute
Derose, Paul C.
TI Fluorescence standards: Classification, terminology, and recommendations
on their selection, use, and production (IUPAC Technical Report)
SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE chromophore-based fluorescence standards; fluorometric quantities; IUPAC
Analytical Chemistry Division; IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry
Division; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division;
photoluminescence; standards
ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS; SPECTRAL CORRECTION STANDARD;
ION-DOPED GLASS; SILICON PHOTODIODES; TRAP DETECTORS; CALIBRATION;
SPECTROSCOPY; FLUOROMETRY; INTENSITY; UNITS
AB Chromophore-based fluorescence standards for the characterization of photoluminescence measuring systems and the determination of relevant fluorometric quantities are classified according to their scope and area of application. General and type-specific requirements for suitable standards are derived for each class of standards. Metrological requirements linked to the realization of comparable measurements are addressed and recommendations on selecting, using, and developing fluorescence standards are given.
C1 [Resch-Genger, Ute] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Derose, Paul C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Resch-Genger, U (reprint author), BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Richard Willstaetter Str 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
EM ute.resch@bam.de; paul.derose@nist.gov
RI Resch-Genger, Ute/B-8369-2009
OI Resch-Genger, Ute/0000-0002-0944-1115
FU IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; IUPAC Organic and
Biomolecular Chemistry Division; IUPAC Analytical Chemistry Division,
Subcommittee on Photochemistry
FX Sponsoring bodies: IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division;
IUPAC Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division; IUPAC Analytical
Chemistry Division, Subcommittee on Photochemistry: see more details on
p. 2328.
NR 119
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 27
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0033-4545
EI 1365-3075
J9 PURE APPL CHEM
JI Pure Appl. Chem.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 12
BP 2315
EP 2335
DI 10.1351/PAC-REP-09-09-02
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 720FB
UT WOS:000287264800006
ER
PT J
AU Takahashi, KI
Terakado, R
Nakamura, J
Adachi, Y
Elvidge, CD
Matsuno, Y
AF Takahashi, Kazue Ichino
Terakado, Ryutaro
Nakamura, Jiro
Adachi, Yoshihiro
Elvidge, Christopher D.
Matsuno, Yasunari
TI In-use stock analysis using satellite nighttime light observation data
SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Material stock; Nighttime light; Remote sensing; Time series analysis
ID SUBSTANCE FLOW-ANALYSIS; EUROPEAN COPPER CYCLE; BOTTOM-UP; JAPAN; STEEL;
POPULATION; ALUMINUM; NICKEL; SYSTEM
AB Nighttime light observation data are considered an economic indicator because of their strong correlation with such aspects of human activity as population, gross domestic product (GDP) and electricity consumption. We are developing an in-use stock analysis method that uses nighttime light observation data. In this study, we developed new sets of data for 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2006 with which to analyze temporal changes. The relationship between the in-use stock of copper and the net amount of nighttime light were correlated. The result shows that this analysis method can be used for evaluating the in-use stock in an area where statistical data are incomplete. We used the approach to estimate the in-use stocks of copper in Asian countries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Takahashi, Kazue Ichino; Terakado, Ryutaro; Adachi, Yoshihiro; Matsuno, Yasunari] Univ Tokyo, Dept Mat Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
[Takahashi, Kazue Ichino; Nakamura, Jiro] NTT Corp, NTT Energy & Environm Syst Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan.
[Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Takahashi, KI (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Mat Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
EM ktaka@aecl.ntt.co.jp
RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009
NR 37
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-3449
EI 1879-0658
J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY
JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 55
IS 2
BP 196
EP 200
DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.09.008
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 699JG
UT WOS:000285659100013
ER
PT J
AU Song, YJ
Otte, AF
Shvarts, V
Zhao, ZY
Kuk, Y
Blankenship, SR
Band, A
Hess, FM
Stroscio, JA
AF Song, Young Jae
Otte, Alexander F.
Shvarts, Vladimir
Zhao, Zuyu
Kuk, Young
Blankenship, Steven R.
Band, Alan
Hess, Frank M.
Stroscio, Joseph A.
TI Invited Review Article: A 10 mK scanning probe microscopy facility
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Review
ID MOLECULE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; HIGH
MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TUNNELING-MICROSCOPE; LOW-TEMPERATURE;
ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; MILLIKELVIN TEMPERATURES; DILUTION REFRIGERATOR;
RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-ATOM
AB We describe the design, development and performance of a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) facility operating at a base temperature of 10 mK in magnetic fields up to 15 T. The microscope is cooled by a custom designed, fully ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible dilution refrigerator (DR) and is capable of in situ tip and sample exchange. Subpicometer stability at the tip-sample junction is achieved through three independent vibration isolation stages and careful design of the dilution refrigerator. The system can be connected to, or disconnected from, a network of interconnected auxiliary UHV chambers, which include growth chambers for metal and semiconductor samples, a field-ion microscope for tip characterization, and a fully independent additional quick access low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) system. To characterize the system, we present the cooling performance of the DR, vibrational, tunneling current, and tip-sample displacement noise measurements. In addition, we show the spectral resolution capabilities with tunneling spectroscopy results obtained on an epitaxial graphene sample resolving the quantum Landau levels in a magnetic field, including the sublevels corresponding to the lifting of the electron spin and valley degeneracies. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3520482]
C1 [Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.; Blankenship, Steven R.; Band, Alan; Hess, Frank M.; Stroscio, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Song, Young Jae; Otte, Alexander F.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Shvarts, Vladimir; Zhao, Zuyu] Janis Res Co Inc, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA.
[Kuk, Young] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea.
RP Song, YJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM joseph.stroscio@nist.gov
RI Otte, Sander/A-4838-2013; Song, Young Jae/A-5422-2013
OI Otte, Sander/0000-0003-0781-8537; Song, Young Jae/0000-0001-6172-3817
FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-214-C00022]
FX We thank P.N. First for a careful reading of the manuscript, B. Baker,
H. Hug, D.M. Eigler, A.J. Heinrich, and E. W. Hudson for useful
discussions on SPM and cryogenics, P. Heiland for insight into
vibrational isolation solutions, N. Levy and T. Matsui for their help in
the Cu2N experiments, J. Welker for his help with the
quick-access STM/AFM, W.A. deHeer for supplying the epitaxial graphene
samples, and G. Rutter, D. Rutter, and G. Holland for their help in this
project. This work was supported in part by: the Korea Research
Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD)
(KRF-2006-214-C00022).
NR 123
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 3
U2 96
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 81
IS 12
AR 121101
DI 10.1063/1.3520482
PG 33
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA 700UW
UT WOS:000285770800001
PM 21198007
ER
PT J
AU Williams, K
Towler, R
Wilson, C
AF Williams, Kresimir
Towler, Richard
Wilson, Christopher
TI Cam-Trawl: A Combination Trawl And Stereo-Camera System
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Williams, Kresimir; Towler, Richard; Wilson, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Midwater Assessment & Conservat Engn Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Williams, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Midwater Assessment & Conservat Engn Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
FU NMFS's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group
FX This project was made possible through funds from NMFS's Advanced
Sampling Technology Working Group. The assistance from colleagues Scott
McEntire and Craig Rose is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also
indebted to the officers and crews of NOAA ships Oscar Dyson and Bell
Shimada for their support in the field. Dr. Dezhang Chu and Larry
Hufnagle of Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) generously
provided Shimada vessel time for field tests and the acoustics data.
NR 0
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 2
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 12
BP 45
EP 50
PG 6
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 701KF
UT WOS:000285816100007
ER
PT J
AU Parker, B
AF Parker, Bruce
TI How Can We Make the Public Aware of the Importance of Sea Technology?
SO SEA TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Parker, Bruce] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Washington, DC USA.
RP Parker, B (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Ctr Maritime Syst, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC
PI ARLINGTON
PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA
SN 0093-3651
J9 SEA TECHNOL
JI Sea Technol.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 51
IS 12
BP 89
EP 89
PG 1
WC Engineering, Ocean
SC Engineering
GA 701KF
UT WOS:000285816100010
ER
PT J
AU Hacker, CA
AF Hacker, Christina A.
TI Modifying electronic properties at the silicon-molecule interface using
atomic tethers
SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Molecular electronics; Silicon hybrid; Photoemission spectroscopy;
Aliphatic monolayers; Interface band diagram; Band bending; Interface
dipole
ID TERMINATED SI(111) SURFACE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CURRENT
TRANSPORT; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; POLAR-MOLECULES; JUNCTIONS; DEVICES; METAL;
FILMS; SI
AB The electronic properties at the semiconductor-molecule interface can be altered by changing the nature of covalent attachment We examine the change in work function of the silicon surface after formation of Si-O-C Si-C-C and Si-S-C bonded alkyl monolayers and separate charge transfer and dipolar contributions The chemical state monolayer structure and electronic properties of aliphatic monolayers with oxygen carbon and sulfur covalent linkages to the Si (111) surface were investigated with contact angle wetting spectroscopic ellipsometry infrared vibrational spectroscopy X ray photoemission spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy Vibrational spectra indicate aliphatic films tethered to Si with few gauche defects in agreement with hydrophobic contact angles and ellipsometric thickness measurements Core level electronic spectra taken as a function of semiconductor doping reveal shifts in binding energy attributed to molecular bonding Valence band spectra reveal the work function of the molecule-Si composite as a function of semiconductor doping and atomic tether By combining valence band spectra with core level spectra the electronic properties of the molecule-Si system can be understood In particular the relative contribution of charge transfer due to surface band bending and the polarization due to molecular dipoles were determined The O C and S atomic tethers induce differing amounts of band bending and interface dipoles which can be utilized to engineer the electronic properties of molecule-semiconductor Junctions (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of
Microelectronics Programs
FX We wish to thank Dr Christopher D Zangmeister for help with UPS
experimental setup and Dr Curt A Richter for technical assistance This
work was supported in part by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Office of Microelectronics Programs
NR 46
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 17
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-1101
J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON
JI Solid-State Electron.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 54
IS 12
BP 1657
EP 1664
DI 10.1016/j.sse.2010.06.012
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics,
Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Physics
GA 677GV
UT WOS:000283978000031
ER
PT J
AU Voisin, N
Schaake, JC
Lettenmaier, DP
AF Voisin, Nathalie
Schaake, John C.
Lettenmaier, Dennis P.
TI Calibration and Downscaling Methods for Quantitative Ensemble
Precipitation Forecasts
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOOD MONITORING-SYSTEM; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RAIN-GAUGE DATA;
UNITED-STATES; ANALYSIS TMPA; FIELDS; MODEL; PREDICTION; STREAMFLOW;
BASIN
AB Two approaches for downscaling and calibrating error estimates from ensemble precipitation forecasts are evaluated; the two methods are intended to be used to produce flood forecasts based on global weather forecasts in ungauged river basins. The focus of this study is on the ability of the approaches to reproduce observed forecast errors when applied to daily precipitation forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) for a 10-day forecast period. The two approaches are bias correction with spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and an analog technique. Mean forecast errors and skills are evaluated with respect to Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) observations over the Ohio River basin for the period 2002-06 for daily and 5-day accumulations and for 0.25 degrees and 1 degrees spatial resolutions. The Ohio River basin was chosen so that a relatively dense gauge-based observed precipitation dataset could also be used in the evaluation of the two approaches. Neither the BCSD nor the analog approach is able to improve on the forecast prediction skill resulting from a simple spatial interpolation benchmark. However, both approaches improve the forecast reliability, although more so for the analog approach. The BCSD method improves the bias for all forecast amounts (but less so for large amounts), but the downscaled precipitation patterns are unrealistic. The analog approach reduces biases over a wider range of forecast amounts, and the precipitation patterns are more realistic.
C1 [Voisin, Nathalie; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Schaake, John C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Voisin, N (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM voisin@uw.edu
RI lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011; Voisin, Nathalie/D-8845-2014;
OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327; Voisin,
Nathalie/0000-0002-6848-449X
FU [NA070AR4310210]; [NA08OAR4320899]
FX The research reported upon herein was supported in part by Grants
NA070AR4310210 and NA08OAR4320899 for NOAA's Climate Prediction Program
for the Americas. The authors wish to thank the ECMWF, for providing
access to their precipitation analyses and EPS forecasts datasets, and
Philippe Bougeault, Roberto Buizza, and Florian Pappenberger of ECMWF,
for their assistance. Thanks are also due to Qiuhong Tang of the
University of Washington for extending the Maurer et al. (2002) dataset.
We thank an anonymous reviewer, whose comments led to additional
analyses that we believe strengthened the paper.
NR 35
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 25
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 6
BP 1603
EP 1627
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222367.1
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702AS
UT WOS:000285867000002
ER
PT J
AU Buckingham, C
Marchok, T
Ginis, I
Rothstein, L
Rowe, D
AF Buckingham, Christian
Marchok, Timothy
Ginis, Isaac
Rothstein, Lewis
Rowe, Dail
TI Short- and Medium-Range Prediction of Tropical and Transitioning Cyclone
Tracks within the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecasting System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONSENSUS; CHALLENGES; MODELS; ERRORS; ECMWF
AB The NCEP Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS) is examined in its ability to predict tropical cyclone and extratropical transition (ET) positions. Forecast and observed tracks are compared in Atlantic and western North Pacific basins for 2006-08, and the accuracy and consistency of the ensemble are examined out to 8 days. Accuracy is quantified by the average absolute and along-and cross-track errors of the ensemble mean. Consistency is evaluated through the use of dispersion diagrams, missing rate error, and probability within spread. Homogeneous comparisons are made with the NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS). The average absolute track error of the GEFS mean increases linearly at a rate of 50 n mi day(-1) [where 1 nautical mile (n mi) 5 1.852 km] at early lead times in the Atlantic, increasing to 150 n mi day(-1) at 144 h (100 n mi day(-1) when excluding ET tracks). This trend is 60 n mi day(-1) at early lead times in the western North Pacific, increasing to 150 n mi day(-1) at longer lead times (130 n mi day(-1) when excluding ET tracks). At long lead times, forecasts illustrate left- and right-of-track biases in Atlantic and western North Pacific basins, respectively; bias is reduced (increased) in the Atlantic (western North Pacific) when excluding ET tracks. All forecasts were found to lag behind observed cyclones, on average. The GEFS has good dispersion characteristics in the Atlantic and is underdispersive in the western North Pacific. Homogeneous comparisons suggest that the ensemble mean has value relative to the GFS beyond 96 h in the Atlantic and less value in the western North Pacific; a larger sample size is needed before conclusions can be made.
C1 [Buckingham, Christian; Ginis, Isaac; Rothstein, Lewis] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
[Marchok, Timothy] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Rowe, Dail] WeatherPredict Consulting Inc, Narragansett, RI USA.
RP Buckingham, C (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA.
EM cbuckingham@gso.uri.edu
RI Buckingham, Christian/K-2268-2014
OI Buckingham, Christian/0000-0001-9355-9038
FU Weather Predict Consulting, Inc.
FX We thank Zoltan Toth, Dick Wobus, Yuejian Zhu, Edward Fukada, James
Franklin, Buck Sampson, Rich Yablonsky, Chris Sisko, Max Mayfield, Dave
Hebert, and Dave Ullman for helpful discussions during the course of
this study. Particular thanks are given to three anonymous reviewers who
significantly improved the content of the manuscript. This research was
supported by a grant from Weather Predict Consulting, Inc., an affiliate
of RenaissanceRe. IG and TM are grateful for additional support provided
by NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP).
NR 29
TC 10
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 6
BP 1736
EP 1754
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222398.1
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702AS
UT WOS:000285867000008
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, FQ
Weng, YH
Kuo, YH
Whitaker, JS
Xie, BG
AF Zhang, Fuqing
Weng, Yonghui
Kuo, Ying-Hwa
Whitaker, Jeffery S.
Xie, Baoguo
TI Predicting Typhoon Morakot's Catastrophic Rainfall with a
Convection-Permitting Mesoscale Ensemble System
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MOIST CONVECTION; PREDICTABILITY; SIMULATION; TAIWAN
AB This study examines the prediction and predictability of the recent catastrophic rainfall and flooding event over Taiwan induced by Typhoon Morakot (2009) with a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model. A high-resolution convection-permitting mesoscale ensemble, initialized with analysis and flow-dependent perturbations obtained from a real-time global ensemble data assimilation system, is found to be able to predict this record-breaking rainfall event, producing probability forecasts potentially valuable to the emergency management decision makers and the general public. Since all the advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques used here are readily available for real-time operational implementation provided sufficient computing resources are made available, this study demonstrates the potential and need of using ensemble-based analysis and forecasting, along with enhanced computing, in predicting extreme weather events like Typhoon Morakot at operational centers.
C1 [Zhang, Fuqing; Weng, Yonghui] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Kuo, Ying-Hwa] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Whitaker, Jeffery S.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
[Xie, Baoguo] Peking Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
RP Zhang, FQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM fzhang@psu.edu
RI Zhang, Fuqing/E-6522-2010
OI Zhang, Fuqing/0000-0003-4860-9985
FU NOAA; Office of Naval Research [N000140410471, N000140910526]; National
Science Foundation [ATM-0840651]
FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast
Improvement Project (HFIP), Office of Naval Research Grants
N000140410471 and N000140910526, and National Science Foundation Grant
ATM-0840651. The computing for this study was performed at the Texas
Advanced Computing Center. Thanks are due to Bob Gall and Fred Toepfer
for suggesting the color-coding scheme used in Fig. 2.
NR 18
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 25
IS 6
BP 1816
EP 1825
DI 10.1175/2010WAF2222414.1
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 702AS
UT WOS:000285867000012
ER
PT J
AU Weinstein, MP
Litvin, SY
Guida, VG
AF Weinstein, Michael P.
Litvin, Steven Y.
Guida, Vincent G.
TI Stable Isotope and Biochemical Composition of White Perch in a
Phragmites Dominated Salt Marsh and Adjacent Waters
SO WETLANDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Biochemical condition; Habitat comparisons; Trophodynamics
ID CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; WEAKFISH CYNOSCION-REGALIS; HUDSON
RIVER ESTUARY; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; ENERGY
ALLOCATION; WINTER MORTALITY; FRESH-WATER; LIPID CLASS; FISHES
AB Tissue stable isotopes and biochemical condition were compared in two populations of white perch, Morone americana, residing in a Phragmites australis-dominated tidal salt marsh and adjacent open waters of Haverstraw Bay, in the Hudson River estuary, USA. As reported previously for other taxa in this system, stable isotope composition of M. americana was influenced by the dominant vegetation present, in this case a near monoculture of P. australis and other C(3) vegetation, mainly deciduous trees, that lined the immediate upland shoreline of the marsh. However, all three stable isotopes, delta(13)C, delta(15)N, and delta(34)S, differed significantly between the two populations, with all three parameters displaying enrichment in the open water collections. Both fish populations exhibited the expected allometric relationships among mass components (total protein, total lipids, dry weight) but energy reserves in the form of triacylglycerols and total lipids were significantly greater in the Haverstraw Bay population. These results were interpreted to not only be a function of fish size but also to originate from differences in habitat quality at the two locations.
C1 [Weinstein, Michael P.] Montclair State Univ, PSEG Inst Sustainabil Studies, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA.
[Litvin, Steven Y.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA.
[Guida, Vincent G.] NOAA, Howard Lab, NEFSC, NMFS, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA.
RP Weinstein, MP (reprint author), Montclair State Univ, PSEG Inst Sustainabil Studies, 1 Normal Ave,Mallory Hall,116E, Montclair, NJ 07043 USA.
EM weinsteinmi@mail.montclair.edu
FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [X7-97280601]
FX We thank G. Sobotka for assistance in the laboratory, and P. Rowe, A.
Avizius, and S. Strauss for their help in the field. This study was
supported by United States Environmental Protection Agency, grant no.
X7-97280601, and is posted as contribution # ISS 2010-0025, Institute
for Sustainability Studies, Montclair State University.
NR 47
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0277-5212
J9 WETLANDS
JI Wetlands
PD DEC
PY 2010
VL 30
IS 6
BP 1181
EP 1191
DI 10.1007/s13157-010-0102-2
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 691QH
UT WOS:000285095400017
ER
PT J
AU Bergamaschi, P
Krol, M
Meirink, JF
Dentener, F
Segers, A
van Aardenne, J
Monni, S
Vermeulen, AT
Schmidt, M
Ramonet, M
Yver, C
Meinhardt, F
Nisbet, EG
Fisher, RE
O'Doherty, S
Dlugokencky, EJ
AF Bergamaschi, P.
Krol, M.
Meirink, J. F.
Dentener, F.
Segers, A.
van Aardenne, J.
Monni, S.
Vermeulen, A. T.
Schmidt, M.
Ramonet, M.
Yver, C.
Meinhardt, F.
Nisbet, E. G.
Fisher, R. E.
O'Doherty, S.
Dlugokencky, E. J.
TI Inverse modeling of European CH4 emissions 2001-2006
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; GREENHOUSE GASES; TRANSPORT; HISTORY; TM5; CO2; OH
AB European CH4 emissions are estimated for the period 2001-2006 using a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) inverse modeling system, based on the atmospheric zoom model TM5. Continuous observations are used from various European monitoring stations, complemented by European and global flask samples from the NOAA/ESRL network. The available observations mainly provide information on the emissions from northwest Europe (NWE), including the UK, Ireland, the BENELUX countries, France and Germany. The inverse modeling estimates for the total anthropogenic emissions from NWE are 21% higher compared to the EDGARv4.0 emission inventory and 40% higher than values reported to U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. Assuming overall uncertainties on the order of 30% for both bottom-up and top-down estimates, all three estimates can be still considered to be consistent with each other. However, the uncertainties in the uncertainty estimates prevent us from verifying (or falsifying) the bottom-up inventories in a strict sense. Sensitivity studies show some dependence of the derived spatial emission patterns on the set of atmospheric monitoring stations used, but the total emissions for the NWE countries appear to be relatively robust. While the standard inversions include a priori information on the spatial and temporal emission patterns from bottom-up inventories, a further sensitivity inversion without this a priori information results in very similar NWE country totals, demonstrating that the available observations provide significant constraints on the emissions from the NWE countries independent from bottom-up inventories.
C1 [Bergamaschi, P.; Dentener, F.; Segers, A.; van Aardenne, J.; Monni, S.] European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.
[Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Nisbet, E. G.; Fisher, R. E.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England.
[Krol, M.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Meinhardt, F.] Umweltbundesamt, D-79199 Kirchzarten, Germany.
[Meirink, J. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Climate & Seismol Dept, NL-3732 GK De Bilt, Netherlands.
[O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England.
[Schmidt, M.; Ramonet, M.; Yver, C.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, Dept Biomass Coal & Environm, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands.
[Krol, M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands.
[Krol, M.] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
RP Bergamaschi, P (reprint author), European Commiss, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy.
EM peter.bergamaschi@jrc.ec.europa.eu
RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015
OI Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787
NR 42
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 30
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D22309
DI 10.1029/2010JD014180
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 690PL
UT WOS:000285016600003
ER
PT J
AU Wanninkhof, R
Doney, SC
Bullister, JL
Levine, NM
Warner, M
Gruber, N
AF Wanninkhof, Rik
Doney, Scott C.
Bullister, John L.
Levine, Naomi M.
Warner, Mark
Gruber, Nicolas
TI Detecting anthropogenic CO2 changes in the interior Atlantic Ocean
between 1989 and 2005
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST 2 DECADES; CARBON-CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2;
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; REDFIELD RATIOS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC;
TROCA APPROACH; STATION ALOHA
AB Repeat observations along the meridional Atlantic section A16 from Iceland to 56 degrees S show substantial changes in the total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations in the ocean between occupations from 1989 through 2005. The changes correspond to the expected increase in DIC driven by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, but the Delta DIC is more varied and larger, in some locations, than can be explained solely by this process. Concomitant large changes in oxygen (O-2) suggest that processes acting on the natural carbon cycle also contribute to Delta DIC. Precise partial pressure of CO2 measurements suggest small but systematic increases in the bottom waters. To isolate the anthropogenic CO2 component (Delta C-anthro) from Delta DIC, an extended multilinear regression approach is applied along isopycnal surfaces. This yields an average depth-integrated Delta C-anthro of 0.53 +/- 0.05 mol m(-2) yr(-1) with maximum values in the temperate zones of both hemispheres and a minimum in the tropical Atlantic. A higher decadal increase in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory is found for the South Atlantic compared to the North Atlantic. This anthropogenic CO2 accumulation pattern is opposite to that seen for the entire Anthropocene up to the 1990s. This change could perhaps be a consequence of the reduced downward transport of anthropogenic CO2 in the North Atlantic due to recent climate variability. Extrapolating the results for this section to the entire Atlantic basin (63 degrees N to 56 degrees S) yields an uptake of 5 +/- 1 Pg C decade(-1), which corresponds to about 25% of the annual global ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 during this period.
C1 [Wanninkhof, Rik] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Ocean Climate Res Div, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
[Doney, Scott C.; Levine, Naomi M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
[Gruber, Nicolas] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Levine, Naomi M.] Harvard Univ, OEB Dept, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Warner, Mark] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM rik.wanninkhof@yahoo.com; sdoney@whoi.edu; john.l.bullister@noaa.gov;
nlevine@oeb.harvard.edu; warner@u.washington.edu;
nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch
RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010
OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437
FU Physical and chemical oceanography divisions of the National Science
Foundation; Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office
of NOAA; NOAA [NOAA-NA07OAR4310098]; ETH Zurich
FX The success and high data quality of the hydrographic cruises described
are attributed to the dedication, professionalism, and skills of a
multitude of seagoing personnel, crew, and officers of the UNOLS and
NOAA research vessels. Their contribution is gratefully acknowledged.
The CLIVAR/CO2 cruises are cosponsored by the physical and
chemical oceanography divisions of the National Science Foundation and
the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of NOAA.
Support from the program managers involved is greatly appreciated. We
also acknowledge a grant from NOAA (NOAA-NA07OAR4310098), which
supported part of the postcruise data analysis contributing to this
manuscript. N. G. also acknowledges support from ETH Zurich. We
appreciate the efforts of two anonymous reviewers who provided
substantial comments that improved the manuscript. We wish to thank Gail
Derr of AOML for copy editing and providing the camera ready manuscript.
NR 96
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 36
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD NOV 30
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C11028
DI 10.1029/2010JC006251
PG 25
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 690QJ
UT WOS:000285019000001
ER
PT J
AU Willis, RT
Becerra, FE
Orozco, LA
Rolston, SL
AF Willis, R. T.
Becerra, F. E.
Orozco, L. A.
Rolston, S. L.
TI Correlated photon pairs generated from a warm atomic ensemble
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; SINGLE
PHOTONS; ENTANGLEMENT; OPTICS; LIGHT
AB We present measurements of the cross-correlation function of photon pairs at 780 and 1367 nm, generated in a hot rubidium vapor cell. The temporal character of the biphoton is determined by the dispersive properties of the medium where the pair generation takes place. We show that short correlation times occur for optically thick samples, which can be understood in terms of off-resonant pair generation. By modifying the linear response of the sample, we produce near-resonant photon pairs, which could in principle be used for entanglement distribution.
C1 [Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Willis, R. T.; Becerra, F. E.; Orozco, L. A.; Rolston, S. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Becerra, F. E.] CINVESTAV, Dept Fis, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico.
RP Willis, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; rolston,
steven/L-5175-2013
OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190
FU NSF; DURIP; CONACYT
FX The authors would like to thank Alan Migdall's group at NIST for their
loan of the InGaAs APD. This work was supported by the NSF, DURIP, and
CONACYT.
NR 31
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV 30
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 5
AR 053842
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053842
PG 7
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 713HW
UT WOS:000286728700022
ER
PT J
AU Yang, JK
Boriskina, SV
Noh, H
Rooks, MJ
Solomon, GS
Dal Negro, L
Cao, H
AF Yang, Jin-Kyu
Boriskina, Svetlana V.
Noh, Heeso
Rooks, Michael J.
Solomon, Glenn S.
Dal Negro, Luca
Cao, Hui
TI Demonstration of laser action in a pseudorandom medium
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; MICROCAVITY LASERS; LOCALIZATION; MULTILAYERS;
MODES; GAPS
AB We demonstrated lasing in localized optical resonances of deterministic aperiodic structures with pseudorandom morphologies. The localized lasing modes in two-dimensional arrays of air nanoholes in GaAs membranes occur at reproducible spatial locations, and their frequencies are only slightly affected by the structural fluctuations in different samples. A numerical study on the resonances of the passive systems and optical imaging of lasing modes enabled us to interpret the observed lasing behavior in terms of distinctive localized resonances in the two-dimensional pseudorandom structures. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3519844]
C1 [Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Yang, Jin-Kyu; Noh, Heeso; Rooks, Michael J.; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Dal Negro, L (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM dalnegro@bu.edu; hui.cao@yale.edu
RI Yang, Jin-Kyu/E-6200-2010; Noh, Heeso/F-4803-2012; Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012;
Boriskina, Svetlana/P-9396-2016
OI Noh, Heeso/0000-0002-6086-9109; Boriskina, Svetlana/0000-0001-6798-8082
FU NSF [DMR-0808937, ECCS-0846651]; U.S. Air Force [FA9550-10-1-0019]; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX We acknowledge inspiring discussions with Professor Douglas Stone and
Professor Eric Akkermans. This work was partially supported by the NSF
(Grant No. DMR-0808937), the U.S. Air Force (Award No.
FA9550-10-1-0019), and the NSF Career (Award No. ECCS-0846651). A part
of sample fabrication was carried out at the Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 23
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD NOV 29
PY 2010
VL 97
IS 22
AR 223101
DI 10.1063/1.3519844
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA 689XT
UT WOS:000284965000062
ER
PT J
AU Nagura, M
McPhaden, MJ
AF Nagura, Motoki
McPhaden, Michael J.
TI Dynamics of zonal current variations associated with the Indian Ocean
dipole
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL
PACIFIC; MODE EVENTS; SST; ANOMALIES; ENSO; CLIMATE; TOPEX/POSEIDON
AB This study examines interannual variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean using observations and a continuously stratified linear long-wave ocean model driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts winds. Our focus is on the relationship between wind stress, zonal velocity, and sea surface height (SSH) in association with the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The model correctly simulates the dominant pattern of variability associated with the IOD in which SSH anomalies near the equator tend to tilt zonally in phase with zonal wind forcing. Both observations and the model also show that surface zonal velocity on the equator tends to lead zonal wind stress by about 1 month on interannual time scales. This phasing occurs because velocity anomalies reverse before the wind anomalies reverse during the decay of IOD events. The model simulations indicate that this reversal of velocity earlier than winds is caused by reflected Rossby waves radiating from the eastern boundary. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of IOD events because of the role of zonal advection in determining interannual variations in equatorial Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies.
C1 [Nagura, Motoki; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Nagura, M (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Applicat Lab, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showa Machi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
EM nagura@jamstec.go.jp
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
FU NOAA's Climate Program Office
FX The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who provided
valuable comments on this manuscript. We also acknowledge the Coriolis
data center, which provided the gridded temperature and salinity data
set. ECMWF model outputs are obtained from ECMWF data server
(http://data.ecmwf.int/data/). QSCAT data are provided by Remote Sensing
Systems, the gridded SSH data set are provided by the Ssalto/Duacs
(Developing Use of Altimetry for Climate Studies) project, and OSCAR
velocity data are provided by Earth and Space Research. Xuebin Zhang
helped with set up of the numerical model code. Special thanks to
India's Ministry of Earth Sciences for providing ship time to support
collection of the ADCP measurements and V. S. N. Murty for helping to
establish the ADCP measurement program. NOAA's Climate Program Office
supported production of this manuscript. This is PMEL contribution 3556.
NR 44
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD NOV 25
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C11026
DI 10.1029/2010JC006423
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 686OX
UT WOS:000284706700003
ER
PT J
AU Li, ZL
Li, J
Jin, X
Schmit, TJ
Borbas, EE
Goldberg, MD
AF Li, Zhenglong
Li, Jun
Jin, Xin
Schmit, Timothy J.
Borbas, Eva E.
Goldberg, Mitchell D.
TI An objective methodology for infrared land surface emissivity evaluation
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY; TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION;
RETRIEVALS; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; PRODUCTS; MODELS; LAW
AB Land surface emissivity (LSE) in the infrared (IR) window region (8-12 mu m) governs the thermal emissions from the Earth's surface. Many LSE databases, retrieved from various satellite instruments, are available for studying climate, Earth-atmosphere interaction, weather, and the environment. The precision (standard deviation) and accuracy (bias) of these databases remain unclear. In this study, we introduce an objective and efficient method for quantitatively evaluating the LSE precision using satellite radiance observations. The LSE brightness temperature (Tb) deviations, defined as the standard deviations of Tb differences between satellite observations and radiative transfer calculations, can be estimated by minimizing the impacts from land surface temperature (LST) and atmospheric profiles. This is followed by the estimation of LSE precision. This method does not need the true LSE measurements. It only needs ancillary information such as atmospheric profiles and LST, both of which do not require high accuracy and thus can be obtained from a numerical weather prediction forecast or analysis. The method is applied to six different monthly LSE databases from August 2006 and 2007, and the results are presented. The error sources affecting the method are identified and the sensitivity to these errors is studied.
C1 [Li, Zhenglong; Li, Jun; Jin, Xin; Borbas, Eva E.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Schmit, Timothy J.; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Li, ZL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM zhenglong.li@ssec.wisc.edu
RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Li, Zhenglong/A-9375-2013; Li,
Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010
OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627;
FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06NES4400002]
FX This work is partly supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration GOES-R Algorithm Working Group program NA06NES4400002.
The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of
the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position,
policy, or decision. The authors would like to specifically thank the
MODIS and AIRS science teams for making high-quality data available to
the research community. The authors would also like to thank Daniel K.
Zhou of NASA Langley Research Center for providing IASI preliminary
emissivity research test product for this study.
NR 28
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 24
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D22308
DI 10.1029/2010JD014249
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 686OC
UT WOS:000284704600008
ER
PT J
AU Scinocca, JF
Stephenson, DB
Bailey, TC
Austin, J
AF Scinocca, John F.
Stephenson, David B.
Bailey, Trevor C.
Austin, John
TI Estimates of past and future ozone trends from multimodel simulations
using a flexible smoothing spline methodology
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC OZONE; RECOVERY
AB A novel additive model analysis of multimodel trends is presented. The approach is motivated by, and particularly suited to, the analysis of multimodel time series of varying length. This Time series Additive Model (TSAM) approach consists of three distinct steps: estimation of individual model trends, baseline adjustment of the trends, and the weighted combination of the individual model trends to produce a multimodel trend (MMT) estimate. The baseline adjustment step is not an essential ingredient of the TSAM but is included to reduce model spread. The association of the TSAM approach with a probabilistic model allows trend estimates to be used to make formal inference (e.g., calculation of confidence and prediction intervals). The method is applied to the analysis of multimodel ozone time series of varying lengths as were considered for the 2006 Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion. The advantages of the TSAM approach are demonstrated to include the production of smooth trend estimates out to the ends of the time series, the ability to model explicitly interannual variability about the trend estimate, and the ability to make rigorous probability statements. Calculated ozone return dates are consistent with previous qualitative estimates, but the more quantitative analysis provided by the MMT is expected to allow such data sets to be better utilized by the community and policy makers.
C1 [Scinocca, John F.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
[Austin, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Stephenson, David B.; Bailey, Trevor C.] Univ Exeter, Math Res Inst, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
RP Scinocca, JF (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, POB 3065 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
EM john.scinocca@ec.gc.ca
RI Stephenson, David/A-9903-2011
FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences through the
C-SPARC network
FX The authors would like to thank T.G. Shepherd for helping to initiate
this collaboration, and DBS would like to thank Simon Woods for a useful
discussion about standard errors in GAM models. J.F.S. has received
support in part from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric
Sciences through the C-SPARC network, and J.A.'s research was
administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at
the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.
NR 18
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 24
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D00M12
DI 10.1029/2009JD013622
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 686OC
UT WOS:000284704600003
ER
PT J
AU Redmon, RJ
Peterson, WK
Andersson, L
Kihn, EA
Denig, WF
Hairston, M
Coley, R
AF Redmon, R. J.
Peterson, W. K.
Andersson, L.
Kihn, E. A.
Denig, W. F.
Hairston, M.
Coley, R.
TI Vertical thermal O+ flows at 850 km in dynamic auroral boundary
coordinates
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLAR-CAP; ION OUTFLOW; PLASMA; PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSPHERE;
IONOSPHERE; WIND; DMSP
AB Contemporary magnetosphere models now include species-dependent dynamics. Energetic O+ has significant consequences for the energy stored in the ring current, the rate of reconnection, and perhaps the timing of substorm injections. The mechanism by which thermal O+ escapes from the top of the ionosphere and into the magnetosphere is not fully understood. Previous studies have used dynamic auroral boundary coordinates to describe the outflowing energetic O+ ions above the ionosphere. In this study we focus on the vertical flow of O+ ions at lower altitudes before they are accelerated to escape velocity. An algorithm has been devised to identify auroral zone boundaries using precipitating electron observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft. Vertical ion flows measured by the DMSP special sensor for ions electrons and scintillation ion drift meter and the retarding potential analyzer instruments aboard the F12 (noon-midnight) and F13 (dawn-dusk) spacecraft from 1997 to 1998 were projected into dynamic auroral boundary coordinates and used to investigate the dependence of Southern Hemisphere bulk flows on interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and geomagnetic conditions. Initial results show that (1) net upward flows occur primarily in the auroral zone and net downward flows occur primarily in the polar cap, (2) there exists a strong upward flow at 9 magnetic local time (MLT) near the polar cap boundary, 3) the downward ion flow orientation is strongly dependent on IMF By, and 4) the auroral boundary does not coincide exactly with the upward/downward boundary for bulk flows.
C1 [Redmon, R. J.; Kihn, E. A.; Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Peterson, W. K.; Andersson, L.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Plasmas, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Hairston, M.; Coley, R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.
RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov
RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009;
OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719; Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096;
Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston,
Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD NOV 24
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A00J08
DI 10.1029/2010JA015589
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 686PS
UT WOS:000284708800003
ER
PT J
AU Vaknin, D
Garlea, VO
Demmel, F
Mamontov, E
Nojiri, H
Martin, C
Chiorescu, I
Qiu, Y
Kogerler, P
Fielden, J
Engelhardt, L
Rainey, C
Luban, M
AF Vaknin, D.
Garlea, V. O.
Demmel, F.
Mamontov, E.
Nojiri, H.
Martin, C.
Chiorescu, I.
Qiu, Y.
Koegerler, P.
Fielden, J.
Engelhardt, L.
Rainey, C.
Luban, M.
TI Level crossings and zero-field splitting in the {Cr-8}-cubane spin
cluster studied using inelastic neutron scattering and magnetization
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID ANISOTROPY; MOLECULES; MAGNET
AB Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) in variable magnetic field and high-field magnetization measurements in the millikelvin temperature range were performed to gain insight into the low-energy magnetic excitation spectrum and the field-induced level crossings in the molecular spin cluster {Cr-8}-cubane. These complementary techniques provide consistent estimates of the lowest level-crossing field. The overall features of the experimental data are explained using an isotropic Heisenberg model, based on three distinct exchange interactions linking the eight Cr-III paramagnetic centers (spins s = 3/2), that is supplemented with a relatively large molecular magnetic anisotropy term for the lowest S = 1 multiplet. It is noted that the existence of the anisotropy is clearly evident from the magnetic field dependence of the excitations in the INS measurements, while the magnetization measurements are not sensitive to its effects.
C1 [Vaknin, D.; Koegerler, P.; Fielden, J.; Luban, M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Garlea, V. O.; Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Demmel, F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Nojiri, H.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
[Martin, C.; Chiorescu, I.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
[Martin, C.; Chiorescu, I.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Engelhardt, L.; Rainey, C.] Francis Marion Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Florence, SC 29501 USA.
RP Vaknin, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM vaknin@ameslab.gov
RI Nojiri, Hiroyuki/B-3688-2011; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013; Mamontov,
Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; Vaknin,
David/B-3302-2009
OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953; Mamontov,
Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; Vaknin,
David/0000-0002-0899-9248
FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR-0654118,
DMR-0645408, DMR-0454672]; FMU Professional Development Committee; MEXT,
Japan [451]
FX We thank R E P Winpenny and J Schnack for valuable discussions. The work
at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358.
The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron
Source, was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The work at the NHMFL
was supported by NSF cooperative agreement Grant No. DMR-0654118 and NSF
Grant No. DMR-0645408. The work at the NCNR is supported in part by the
National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. L E
acknowledges support from the FMU Professional Development Committee. H
N acknowledges support by Grant-in-Aid on Priority Areas 'High Field
Spin Science in 100 T' (Grant No. 451) from MEXT, Japan.
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD NOV 24
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 46
AR 466001
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/46/466001
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 675OA
UT WOS:000283838800020
PM 21403379
ER
PT J
AU Guffanti, M
Schneider, DJ
Wallace, KL
Hall, T
Bensimon, DR
Salinas, LJ
AF Guffanti, Marianne
Schneider, David J.
Wallace, Kristi L.
Hall, Tony
Bensimon, Dov R.
Salinas, Leonard J.
TI Aviation response to a widely dispersed volcanic ash and gas cloud from
the August 2008 eruption of Kasatochi, Alaska, USA
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
AB The extensive volcanic cloud from Kasatochi's 2008 eruption caused widespread disruptions to aviation operations along Pacific oceanic, Canadian, and U.S. air routes. Based on aviation hazard warnings issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Geological Survey, the Federal Aviation Administration, and Meteorological Service of Canada, air carriers largely avoided the volcanic cloud over a 5 day period by route modifications and flight cancellations. Comparison of time coincident GOES thermal infrared (TIR) data for ash detection with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ultraviolet data for SO2 detection shows congruent areas of ash and gas in the volcanic cloud in the 2 days following onset of ash production. After about 2.5 days, the area of SO2 detected by OMI was more extensive than the area of ash indicated by TIR data, indicating significant ash depletion by fall out had occurred. Pilot reports of visible haze at cruise altitudes over Canada and the northern United States suggested that SO2 gas had converted to sulfate aerosols. Uncertain about the hazard potential of the aging cloud, airlines coped by flying over, under, or around the observed haze layer. Samples from a nondamaging aircraft encounter with Kasatochi's nearly 3 day old cloud contained volcanic silicate particles, confirming that some fine ash is present in predominantly gas clouds. The aircraft's exposure to ash was insufficient to cause engine damage; however, slightly damaging encounters with volcanic clouds from eruptions of Reventador in 2002 and Hekla in 2000 indicate the possibility of lingering hazards associated with old and/or diffuse volcanic clouds.
C1 [Guffanti, Marianne] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
[Schneider, David J.; Wallace, Kristi L.] US Geol Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
[Hall, Tony] Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99502 USA.
[Bensimon, Dov R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada.
[Salinas, Leonard J.] United Airlines Operat Ctr, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA.
RP Guffanti, M (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA.
EM guffanti@usgs.gov
FU U.S. Geological Survey
FX This work was supported by the Volcano Hazards Program of the U.S.
Geological Survey. The manuscript was improved by reviews by Rosalind
Helz, Gari Mayberry and three anonymous reviewers.
NR 16
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 23
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D00L19
DI 10.1029/2010JD013868
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 686OA
UT WOS:000284704400003
ER
PT J
AU Nowak, JB
Neuman, JA
Bahreini, R
Brock, CA
Middlebrook, AM
Wollny, AG
Holloway, JS
Peischl, J
Ryerson, TB
Fehsenfeld, FC
AF Nowak, J. B.
Neuman, J. A.
Bahreini, R.
Brock, C. A.
Middlebrook, A. M.
Wollny, A. G.
Holloway, J. S.
Peischl, J.
Ryerson, T. B.
Fehsenfeld, F. C.
TI Airborne observations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate formation over
Houston, Texas
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLE FORMATION;
SAVANNA FIRES; TRACE GASES; AIR-QUALITY; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM;
DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY
AB Anthropogenic emissions of NOx (nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), which in sunlight can be oxidized to form nitric acid (HNO3), can react with ammonia (NH3) to form ammonium nitrate particles. Ammonium nitrate formation was observed from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft over Houston during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study with fast-response measurements of NH3, HNO3, particle composition, and particle size distribution. Typically, NH3 mixing ratios over the urban area ranged from 0.2 to 3 ppbv and were predominantly from area sources. No NH3 enhancements were observed in emission plumes from power plants. The few plumes with high NH3 levels from point source emissions that were sampled are analyzed in detail. While the paucity of NH3 data in emission inventories made point source identification difficult, one plume was traced to NH3 release from an industrial accident. NH3 mixing ratios in these plumes ranged from 5 to 80 ppbv. In these plumes, the NH3 enhancement correlated with a decrease in HNO3 mixing ratio and an increase in particulate NO3- concentration indicating ammonium nitrate formation. The ammonium nitrate aerosol mass budget in the plumes was analyzed to assess the quantitative agreement between the gas and aerosol phase measurements. The thermodynamic equilibrium between the gas and aerosol phase was examined for one flight by comparing the modeled dissociation constant for ammonium nitrate with NH3 and HNO3 measurements. The high levels of NH3 in these plumes shifted the equilibrium toward favorable thermodynamic conditions for the condensation of ammonium nitrate onto particles.
C1 [Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Bahreini, R.; Wollny, A. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Nowak, J. B.; Neuman, J. A.; Bahreini, R.; Brock, C. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Wollny, A. G.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Nowak, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM John.Nowak@noaa.gov
RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Holloway,
John/F-9911-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock,
Charles/G-3406-2011; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld,
Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD
Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101;
Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Middlebrook,
Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Neuman,
Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727;
FU TCEQ [582-8-86246]
FX The Air Quality and the Climate Research and Modeling
Programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) supported the
WP-3D measurements. Much of the analysis was supported by TCEQ under
grant 582-8-86246.
NR 47
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 23
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D22304
DI 10.1029/2010JD014195
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 686OA
UT WOS:000284704400006
ER
PT J
AU Shi, W
Wang, MH
AF Shi, Wei
Wang, Menghua
TI Characterization of global ocean turbidity from Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer ocean color observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC
CORRECTION; MULTISENSOR APPROACH; SEAWIFS MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA; WATER TURBIDITY; CASE-1 WATERS; ARABIAN SEA; COASTAL
AB Seasonal global ocean turbidity is studied and quantified using the diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm, K-d(490), derived from measurements of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Aqua satellite. The shortwave infrared-based atmospheric correction algorithm and a newly developed K-d(490) algorithm have been used to derive K-d(490) data for both the global open ocean and coastal turbid waters. The spatial pattern of global open ocean turbidity shows significant seasonal K-d(490) variations with highs in the boreal (or austral) spring and summer and lows in the winter for the Northern Hemisphere (or Southern Hemisphere). The clear water with K-d(490) <= 0.1 m(-1) covers an average of similar to 95.67% of the global ocean. The modestly turbid waters with K-d(490) values ranging from similar to 0.1 to 0.3 m(-1) has about 5.12% and 3.07% of the global ocean region in the summer and winter, respectively, with average coverage of similar to 3.59%. Turbid waters with K-d(490) over 0.3 m(-1) are all located in the coastal regions, river estuaries, and inland lakes with an average global coverage of similar to 0.74%, accounting for similar to 8% to 12% of the total global continental shelf area. The world's major turbid water regions are identified and evaluated in this study. Amazon River Estuary ranks as the world's most turbid region with the mean K-d(490) value of similar to 5 m(-1). In addition, different mechanisms for the water turbidity in the open oceans and coastal turbid waters are investigated. In the open ocean, variability in the seasonal turbidity is related to the seasonal variation of chlorophyll a concentration, i.e., the seasonal phytoplankton bloom dominates the global geographic perspective of the water turbidity (for waters with K-d(490) <= 0.3 m(-1)). In the coastal region, on the other hand, high turbidity (K-d(490) > 0.3 m(-1)) is attributed to the high loading of sediment concentration due to various physical processes, such as sediment resuspension, river runoff, etc.
C1 [Shi, Wei; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Shi, Wei] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Shi, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,Rm 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov
RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010
OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125
FU NASA; NOAA
FX This research was supported by NASA and NOAA funding and grants. The
MODIS L1B data were obtained from NASA/GSFC MODAPS Services Web site. We
thank two anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive
comments that significantly improved the manuscript. The views,
opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors
and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government
position, policy, or decision.
NR 54
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 19
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9275
EI 2169-9291
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD NOV 23
PY 2010
VL 115
AR C11022
DI 10.1029/2010JC006160
PG 14
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA 686OR
UT WOS:000284706100003
ER
PT J
AU Deng, L
Hagley, EW
Cao, QA
Wang, XR
Luo, XY
Wang, RQ
Payne, MG
Yang, F
Zhou, XJ
Chen, XZ
Zhan, MS
AF Deng, L.
Hagley, E. W.
Cao, Qiang
Wang, Xiaorui
Luo, Xinyu
Wang, Ruquan
Payne, M. G.
Yang, Fan
Zhou, Xiaoji
Chen, Xuzong
Zhan, Mingsheng
TI Observation of a Red-Blue Detuning Asymmetry in Matter-Wave
Superradiance
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; PHASE-COHERENT AMPLIFICATION;
LIGHT-SCATTERING; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING
AB We report the first experimental observation of strong suppression of matter-wave superradiance using blue-detuned pump light and demonstrate a pump-laser detuning asymmetry in the collective atomic recoil motion. In contrast to all previous theoretical frameworks, which predict that the process should be symmetric with respect to the sign of the detuning of the pump laser from the one-photon resonance, we find that for condensates the symmetry is broken. With high condensate densities and red-detuned pump light the distinctive multiorder, matter-wave scattering pattern is clearly visible, whereas with blue-detuned pump light superradiance is strongly suppressed. However, in the limit of a dilute atomic gas symmetry is restored.
C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.; Payne, M. G.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Cao, Qiang; Wang, Xiaorui; Luo, Xinyu; Wang, Ruquan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Fan; Zhou, Xiaoji; Chen, Xuzong] Peking Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Zhan, Mingsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
[Zhan, Mingsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Yang, Fan/F-9024-2011; Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012
FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 project) [2006CB921206,
006CB921203]; National High-Tech Research Program of China (863 project)
[2006AA06Z104]; National Science Foundation of China [10704086,
10804124]
FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with Dr. C. W. Clark,
Professor W. Ketterle, Dr. J. Bienfang, and Professor K. Burnett. Ruquan
Wang acknowledges financial support from the National Basic Research
Program of China (973 project Grant No. 2006CB921206), the National
High-Tech Research Program of China (863 project Grant No.
2006AA06Z104), and the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
10704086). Mingsheng Zhan acknowledges financial support from the
National Basic Research Program of China (973 project Grant No.
006CB921203), and the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
10804124).
NR 26
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 16
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 23
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 22
AR 220404
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.220404
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 684EQ
UT WOS:000284532900001
PM 21231370
ER
PT J
AU Fahey, AJ
Zeissler, CJ
Newbury, DE
Davis, J
Lindstrom, RM
AF Fahey, A. J.
Zeissler, C. J.
Newbury, D. E.
Davis, J.
Lindstrom, R. M.
TI Postdetonation nuclear debris for attribution
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE secondary ion mass spectrometry; autoradiography; electron probe
microanalysis; plutonium; trinitite
AB On the morning of July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded in New Mexico on the White Sands Proving Ground. The device was a plutonium implosion device similar to the device that destroyed Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9 of that same year. Recently, with the enactment of US public law 111-140, the "Nuclear Forensics and Attribution Act," scientists in the government and academia have been able, in earnest, to consider what type of forensic-style information may be obtained after a nuclear detonation. To conduct a robust attribution process for an exploded device placed by a nonstate actor, forensic analysis must yield information about not only the nuclear material in the device but about other materials that went into its construction. We have performed an investigation of glassed ground debris from the first nuclear test showing correlations among multiple analytical techniques. Surprisingly, there is strong evidence, obtainable only through microanalysis, that secondary materials used in the device can be identified and positively associated with the nuclear material.
C1 [Fahey, A. J.; Zeissler, C. J.; Newbury, D. E.; Davis, J.; Lindstrom, R. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Fahey, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM albert.fahey@nist.gov
RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015
NR 13
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 31
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD NOV 23
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 47
BP 20207
EP 20212
DI 10.1073/pnas.1010631107
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 684DT
UT WOS:000284529000015
PM 21059943
ER
PT J
AU Albright, R
Mason, B
Miller, M
Langdon, C
AF Albright, Rebecca
Mason, Benjamin
Miller, Margaret
Langdon, Chris
TI Ocean acidification compromises recruitment success of the threatened
Caribbean coral Acropora palmata
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon dioxide; climate change; pH; juvenile; elkhorn coral
ID BENTHIC MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; LARVAL SETTLEMENT;
CARBONIC-ACID; SEA-URCHIN; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; MORTALITY; ECOLOGY;
METAMORPHOSIS
AB Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the ongoing decline in oceanic pH resulting from the uptake of atmospheric CO2. Mounting experimental evidence suggests that OA will have negative consequences for a variety of marine organisms. Whereas the effect of OA on the calcification of adult reef corals is increasingly well documented, effects on early life history stages are largely unknown. Coral recruitment, which necessitates successful fertilization, larval settlement, and postsettlement growth and survivorship, is critical to the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. To determine whether OA threatens successful sexual recruitment of reef-building corals, we tested fertilization, settlement, and postsettlement growth of Acropora palmata at pCO(2) levels that represent average ambient conditions during coral spawning (similar to 400 mu atm) and the range of pCO(2) increases that are expected to occur in this century [(similar to 560 mu atm (mid-CO2) and (similar to 800 mu atm (high-CO2)]. Fertilization, settlement, and growth were all negatively impacted by increasing pCO(2), and impairment of fertilization was exacerbated at lower sperm concentrations. The cumulative impact of OA on fertilization and settlement success is an estimated 52% and 73% reduction in the number of larval settlers on the reef under pCO(2) conditions projected for the middle and the end of this century, respectively. Additional declines of 39% (mid-CO2) and 50% (high-CO2) were observed in postsettlement linear extension rates relative to controls. These results suggest that OA has the potential to impact multiple, sequential early life history stages, thereby severely compromising sexual recruitment and the ability of coral reefs to recover from disturbance.
C1 [Albright, Rebecca; Mason, Benjamin; Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Miller, Margaret] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
RP Albright, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
EM ralbright@rsmas.miami.edu
RI Albright, Rebecca/D-4033-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011
FU Mote Marine Laboratory; National Science Foundation [OCE 0547169];
Korein Foundation
FX We thank L. Johnston, A. Valdivia, D. Williams, and R. Wilborn for field
and laboratory assistance; N. Ehrhardt for statistical advice; and D.
Manzello and two anonymous reviewers for a constructive review of the
manuscript. This project was funded in part by the Mote Marine
Laboratory's "Protect Our Reefs" specialty license plate and by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef
Conservation Program, with logistical support provided by the Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Collection of coral spawn was
conducted under Permit FKNMS-2007-009. Additional support was provided
by the National Science Foundation (Grant OCE 0547169) and the Korein
Foundation.
NR 44
TC 92
Z9 93
U1 21
U2 105
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD NOV 23
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 47
BP 20400
EP 20404
DI 10.1073/pnas.1007273107
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 684DT
UT WOS:000284529000048
PM 21059900
ER
PT J
AU Li, YQ
Siddiqui, G
Wikfors, GH
AF Li, Yaqin
Siddiqui, Ghazala
Wikfors, Gary H.
TI Non-lethal determination of sex and reproductive condition of Eastern
oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin using protein profiles of hemolymph
by Proteinchip (R) and SELDI-TOF-MS technology
SO AQUACULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE Oyster; Hemolymph; Protein profiles; SELDI-TOF-MS; Sex; Gonadal
development
ID PACIFIC OYSTER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; MYTILUS-EDULIS;
GIGAS; PROTEOMICS; VITELLIN; LYSOZYME; TOOL
AB As the demand for hatchery-produced oyster seed increases for both aquaculture and restoration purposes, techniques to improve seed production, such as accurate determination of broodstock oyster sex and gonad development, have become more important. In this study, we developed a novel method of determining oyster sex and developmental stage through protein profiling of hemolymph using a relatively new proteomic tool, Proteinchip (R) and SELDI-TOF-MS. Over 139 peptides/proteins were detected from oyster hemolymph, 62 of which appeared to be involved in reproductive activities. Using the protein-profile information, individual broodstock oysters were categorized successfully into one of five groups: undifferentiated, female developing, female ripe, male developing and male ripe. The accuracy of categorization, confirmed by subsequent, traditional histological methods, was 98.8% (p<0.05). Wide application of this method is still limited by cost; however, results of this research open doors for further study to develop more-affordable and portable methods based upon detection of specific hemolymph peptides and proteins. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Li, Yaqin; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
[Siddiqui, Ghazala] Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
RP Li, YQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA.
EM judy.yaqin.li@noaa.gov
NR 35
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0044-8486
J9 AQUACULTURE
JI Aquaculture
PD NOV 22
PY 2010
VL 309
IS 1-4
BP 258
EP 264
DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.09.030
PG 7
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 687ZP
UT WOS:000284817600034
ER
PT J
AU Vitek, DN
Block, E
Bellouard, Y
Adams, DE
Backus, S
Kleinfeld, D
Durfee, CG
Squier, JA
AF Vitek, Dawn N.
Block, Erica
Bellouard, Yves
Adams, Daniel E.
Backus, Sterling
Kleinfeld, David
Durfee, Charles G.
Squier, Jeffrey A.
TI Spatio-temporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for nonreciprocal
writing in optically transparent materials
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID FUSED-SILICA; GLASS
AB Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) provides precise control of the pulse front tilt (PFT) necessary to achieve nonreciprocal writing in glass wherein the material modification depends on the sample scanning direction with respect to the PFT. The PFT may be adjusted over several orders of magnitude. Using SSTF nonreciprocal writing is observed for a large range of axial focal positions within the sample, and nonreciprocal ablation patterns on the surface of the sample are revealed. Further, the lower numerical aperture (0.03 NA) utilized with SSTF increases the rate of writing. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Vitek, Dawn N.; Block, Erica; Durfee, Charles G.; Squier, Jeffrey A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Bellouard, Yves] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.
[Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Adams, Daniel E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Adams, Daniel E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Backus, Sterling] Kapteyn Murnane Labs Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
[Kleinfeld, David] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Vitek, DN (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM jsquier@mines.edu
RI Bellouard, Yves/B-6920-2008; Backus, Sterling/C-2506-2008
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-10026,
FA9550-10-C-0017]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [EB003832]
FX We thank Mariana Potcoava for her assistance with imaging. D. Vitek, J.
Squier, S. Backus, and C. Durfee gratefully acknowledge support for this
work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)
(FA9550-07-10026 and FA9550-10-C-0017). J. Squier, E. Block and D.
Kleinfeld acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) (EB003832).
NR 22
TC 74
Z9 76
U1 2
U2 26
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD NOV 22
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 24
BP 24673
EP 24678
DI 10.1364/OE.18.024673
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 698IF
UT WOS:000285586800044
PM 21164813
ER
PT J
AU Foss-Feig, M
Hermele, M
Gurarie, V
Rey, AM
AF Foss-Feig, Michael
Hermele, Michael
Gurarie, Victor
Rey, Ana Maria
TI Heavy fermions in an optical lattice
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID KONDO-LATTICE; MOTT INSULATOR; INTERACTING FERMIONS; ULTRACOLD ATOMS;
PHASE-DIAGRAM; MODEL; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; EXPANSION; SYSTEMS; SURFACE
AB We employ a mean-field theory to study ground-state properties and transport of a two-dimensional gas of ultracold alkaline-earth-metal atoms governed by the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian plus a parabolic confining potential. In a homogenous system, this mean-field theory is believed to give a qualitatively correct description of heavy-fermion metals and Kondo insulators: It reproduces the Kondo-like scaling of the quasiparticle mass in the former and the same scaling of the excitation gap in the latter. In order to understand ground-state properties in a trap, we extend this mean-field theory via local-density approximation. We find that the Kondo insulator gap manifests as a shell structure in the trapped density profile. In addition, a strong signature of the large Fermi surface expected for heavy-fermion systems survives the confinement and could be probed in time-of-flight experiments. From a full self-consistent diagonalization of the mean-field theory, we are able to study dynamics in the trap. We find that the mass enhancement of quasiparticle excitations in the heavy-Fermi liquid phase manifests as slowing of the dipole oscillations that result from a sudden displacement of the trap center.
C1 [Foss-Feig, Michael; Hermele, Michael; Gurarie, Victor; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Foss-Feig, Michael; Rey, Ana Maria] JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rey, Ana Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Foss-Feig, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Hermele, Michael/B-9424-2009;
OI Hermele, Michael/0000-0003-2594-1176
FU NSF [PIF-0904017, DMR-0449521]; AFOSR; ARO; DARPA-OLE; DOE
[DE-SC0003910]
FX We thank Thomas Gasenzer, Matthias Kronenwett, Alexey Gorshkov, Maria
Luisa Chiofalo, Brandon Peden, and Jun Ye for helpful discussions.
A.M.R. and M.F. are supported by grants from the NSF (PFC and Grant No.
PIF-0904017), the AFOSR, and a grant from the ARO with funding from the
DARPA-OLE. M.H. is supported by DOE Grant No. DE-SC0003910, and V.G. is
supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-0449521.
NR 45
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV 22
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 5
AR 053624
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053624
PG 11
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 683GL
UT WOS:000284460400007
ER
PT J
AU Hong, T
Stock, C
Cabrera, I
Broholm, C
Qiu, Y
Leao, JB
Poulton, SJ
Copley, JRD
AF Hong, Tao
Stock, C.
Cabrera, I.
Broholm, C.
Qiu, Y.
Leao, J. B.
Poulton, S. J.
Copley, J. R. D.
TI Neutron scattering study of a quasi-two-dimensional spin-1/2 dimer
system: Piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate under hydrostatic pressure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TLCUCL3; STATE
AB We report inelastic neutron scattering study of a quasi-two-dimensional S=1/2 dimer system piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate under hydrostatic pressure. The spin gap Delta becomes softened with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure up to P=9.0 kbar. The observed threefold degenerate triplet excitation at P=6.0 kbar is consistent with the theoretical prediction and the bandwidth of the dispersion relation is unaffected within the experimental uncertainty. At P=9.0 kbar the spin gap is reduced to Delta=0.55 meV from Delta=1.0 meV at ambient pressure.
C1 [Hong, Tao] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Stock, C.; Cabrera, I.; Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Stock, C.; Cabrera, I.; Broholm, C.; Qiu, Y.; Leao, J. B.; Poulton, S. J.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Cabrera,
Ivelisse/L-5999-2013
OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892;
Cabrera, Ivelisse/0000-0002-0287-8437
FU NSF [DMR-0454672, DMR-0306940, DMR-0706553]; Division of Scientific User
Facilities, Office of BES, DOE
FX We thank R. Paul for help with neutron activation analysis. The DAVE
program is supported by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The
work at ORNL was partially funded by the Division of Scientific User
Facilities, Office of BES, DOE. The work at JHU was supported by the NSF
under Grants No. DMR-0306940 and No. DMR-0706553. The work at NIST
utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No.
DMR-0454672.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV 22
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 18
AR 184424
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184424
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 683GW
UT WOS:000284462200006
ER
PT J
AU Reed, TE
Waples, RS
Schindler, DE
Hard, JJ
Kinnison, MT
AF Reed, Thomas E.
Waples, Robin S.
Schindler, Daniel E.
Hard, Jeffrey J.
Kinnison, Michael T.
TI Phenotypic plasticity and population viability: the importance of
environmental predictability
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE reaction norm; evolutionary trap; environmental stochasticity; cue
reliability; persistence; population dynamics
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; REACTION NORMS; LIFE-HISTORY; ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY;
EVOLUTION; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; REPRODUCTION; CANALIZATION;
TEMPERATURE
AB Phenotypic plasticity plays a key role in modulating how environmental variation influences population dynamics, but we have only rudimentary understanding of how plasticity interacts with the magnitude and predictability of environmental variation to affect population dynamics and persistence. We developed a stochastic individual-based model, in which phenotypes could respond to a temporally fluctuating environmental cue and fitness depended on the match between the phenotype and a randomly fluctuating trait optimum, to assess the absolute fitness and population dynamic consequences of plasticity under different levels of environmental stochasticity and cue reliability. When cue and optimum were tightly correlated, plasticity buffered absolute fitness from environmental variability, and population size remained high and relatively invariant. In contrast, when this correlation weakened and environmental variability was high, strong plasticity reduced population size, and populations with excessively strong plasticity had substantially greater extinction probability. Given that environments might become more variable and unpredictable in the future owing to anthropogenic influences, reaction norms that evolved under historic selective regimes could imperil populations in novel or changing environmental contexts. We suggest that demographic models (e.g. population viability analyses) would benefit from a more explicit consideration of how phenotypic plasticity influences population responses to environmental change.
C1 [Reed, Thomas E.; Schindler, Daniel E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Reed, Thomas E.; Waples, Robin S.; Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA.
[Kinnison, Michael T.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
RP Reed, TE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM tomreed@u.washington.edu
RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Reed, Thomas/A-5788-2012; Waples,
Robin/K-1126-2016
OI Reed, Thomas/0000-0002-7504-4273;
FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
FX This work was made possible by generous funding from the Gordon and
Betty Moore Foundation, and facilitation from the Natural Center for
Ecological Synthesis and Analysis, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. The model in
this paper was designed and implemented in collaboration with SimBiotic
Software (www.simbio.com) using their SimUText modelling framework. We
thank Dan Nussey and two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms
on previous versions of the manuscript.
NR 52
TC 110
Z9 111
U1 6
U2 132
PU ROYAL SOC
PI LONDON
PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND
SN 0962-8452
J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI
JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci.
PD NOV 22
PY 2010
VL 277
IS 1699
BP 3391
EP 3400
DI 10.1098/rspb.2010.0771
PG 10
WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences &
Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
GA 670SY
UT WOS:000283448800003
PM 20554553
ER
PT J
AU Liu, WJ
Hong, Y
Khan, SI
Huang, MB
Vieux, B
Caliskan, S
Grout, T
AF Liu, Wenjuan
Hong, Yang
Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim
Huang, Mingbin
Vieux, Baxter
Caliskan, Semiha
Grout, Trevor
TI Actual evapotranspiration estimation for different land use and land
cover in urban regions using Landsat 5 data
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Evapotranspiration (ET); Landsat; Surface Energy Balance; land covers
land use; urban development
ID ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT FLUXES; EVAPORATION; ALGORITHM; MODEL
AB Evapotranspiration (ET) is deemed critical for water resources management. Even in the same climatic and meteorological conditions, actual ET (ET(a)) may exhibit remarkable spatial variability across different vegetation covers, agricultural land use practices, and differing types of urban land development. The main objectives of this study are (1) to evaluate the possible closure of the heat balance equation using Oklahoma's unique environmental monitoring network; and (2) to estimate ET(a) and determine the variation with regards to varying types of land use and land cover in urban settings. In this study, a Surface-Energy-Balance ET algorithm was implemented to estimate ET(a) at a higher spatial resolution using Landsat 5 satellite images while the Oklahoma Mesonet observations can be used as our ground truth data. Accuracy of the estimated ET(a) was assessed using latent heat flux measurements provided by AmeriFlux towers. The associated bias ratios of daily mean ET(a) with respect to both burn and control sites are -0.92%, and -8.86% with a correlation of 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. Additionally, estimated ET(a) from a water balance budget analysis and the remotely sensed ET(a) are cross-validated with a low bias ratio of 5.2%, and a correlation coefficient of 0.7 at the catchment scale. The lowest ET(a) was observed for developed urban areas and highest for open water bodies. The ET(a) difference is also demonstrated from two contrasting counties. The results show Garfield County (agricultural) has higher ET(a) values than Oklahoma County (urban) for all land cover types except open water bodies.
C1 [Liu, Wenjuan; Huang, Mingbin] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
[Liu, Wenjuan; Hong, Yang; Khan, Sadiq Ibrahim; Vieux, Baxter; Grout, Trevor] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Ctr Nat Hazard & Disaster Res, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Huang, Mingbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
[Huang, Mingbin] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
[Caliskan, Semiha] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
RP Liu, WJ (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Prov, Peoples R China.
EM liuwenjuan66@gmail.com; yanghong@ou.edu; sadiq@ou.edu;
hmbd@nwsuaf.edu.cn; bvieux@ou.edu; semihacaliskan@ou.edu
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X
FU United State Geological Survey; Oklahoma Water Resources Research
Institute; State Scholar Council, Ministry of Education of China
FX This work was financed by the United State Geological Survey and the
Oklahoma Water Resources Research Institute. Partial funding for the
first author was also provided by the State Scholar Council, Ministry of
Education of China. The authors would like to extend their appreciation
to Oklahoma MESONET for meteorological data. The authors are also
thankful to Professor Margaret Torn, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory Earth Science Division, Berkeley, CA, for providing the
quality-controlled AmeriFlux tower observations.
NR 25
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 19
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1931-3195
J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS
JI J. Appl. Remote Sens.
PD NOV 19
PY 2010
VL 4
AR 041873
DI 10.1117/1.3525566
PG 14
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 704RA
UT WOS:000286068900001
ER
PT J
AU Windom, BC
Bruno, TJ
AF Windom, Bret C.
Bruno, Thomas J.
TI Novel reduced pressure-balance syringe for chromatographic analysis
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
LA English
DT Article
DE Distillation curve; Low pressure; Syringe
ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; FUEL JET-A;
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; ENTHALPY;
GASOLINE; S-8; CUT
AB When withdrawing a fluid sample (for additional chromatographic analyses) from an apparatus operated at a reduced pressure, a typical syringe proves to be ineffective (even if it is equipped with a gas tight plunger). It simply does not create enough pressure differential to remove a fluid sample from a reduced pressure environment. We encountered such a situation as part of efforts to extend the operation of the advanced distillation curve protocol to reduced pressures. The problem was solved by the development of a pressure balance syringe that allows reliable and precise sampling from an apparatus operating at sub-ambient pressures. This new device uses an external vacuum source to evacuate a syringe barrel, allowing a user to withdraw fluid samples from environments with pressures as low as 0.5 kPa. To demonstrate the operation of the newly developed device, distillate analyses were performed on two fluids at low pressure: a predefined validation mixture, and a commercial soy based biodiesel fuel. The pressure balance syringe was used successfully for sampling in both cases. The use of the pressure balance syringe is not limited to reduced pressure distillations; indeed it can be used for a variety of applications in which chemical/compositional analyses are desired on a fluid contained in a reduced pressure environment. Published by Elsevier B.V
C1 [Windom, Bret C.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR A
JI J. Chromatogr. A
PD NOV 19
PY 2010
VL 1217
IS 47
BP 7434
EP 7439
DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.045
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 679WP
UT WOS:000284191800017
PM 20961548
ER
PT J
AU Feierabend, KJ
Papanastasiou, DK
Burkholder, JB
AF Feierabend, Karl J.
Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.
Burkholder, James B.
TI ClO Radical Yields in the Reaction of O(D-1) with Cl-2, HCl,
Chloromethanes, and Chlorofluoromethanes
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; HIGH-RESOLUTION;
INTENSITIES; CH3CO; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; O((1)D); O(1D2); O(P-3)
AB Absolute ClO radical product yields in the gas-phase reactions of O(D-1) with Cl-2, HCl, CCl4, CHCl3, CH3Cl2, CH3Cl, CF2Cl2, CF3Cl, CHFCl2, and CHF2Cl are reported. Product yields were measured using pulsed-laser photolysis of O-3 to produce O(D-1) in the presence of excess reactant combined with dual wavelength differential cavity ring-down spectroscopic detection of the ClO radical. ClO radical absorption cross sections for the A(2)Pi(nu = 10) <-- X-2 Pi(nu = 0) transition hand head near 280 nm were determined between 200 and 296 K as part of this work. The ClO product yields obtained at room temperature were Cl-2 (0,77 +/- 0.10), HCl (0.20 +/- 0.04), CCl4 (0.79 +/- 0.04), CHCl3 (0.77 +/- 0.04), CH2Cl2 (0.73 +/- 0.04), CH3Cl (0.46 +/- 0.06), CFCl3 (0.79 +/- 0.04), CF2Cl2 (0.76 +/- 0.06), CF3Cl (0.82 +/- 0.06), CHFCl2 (0.73 +/- 0.05), and CHF2Cl (0.56 +/- 0.03), where the quoted error limits are 2 sigma of the measurement precision. ClO product yields in the O(D-1) + Cl-2 and CFCl3 reactions were found to be independent of temperature between 200 and 296 K. within the precision of the measurements. The absolute ClO yields obtained in this study are compared with previously reported values determined using relative and indirect methods.
C1 [Feierabend, Karl J.; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Feierabend, Karl J.; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov
RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013;
Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X;
FU NOAA; NASA
FX We thank R. Talukdar for help in designing of the reaction cell. This
work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric
Composition program.
NR 28
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1089-5639
J9 J PHYS CHEM A
JI J. Phys. Chem. A
PD NOV 18
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 45
BP 12052
EP 12061
DI 10.1021/jp107761t
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 677UU
UT WOS:000284018200007
PM 20979404
ER
PT J
AU Gourley, JJ
Erlingis, JM
Smith, TM
Ortega, KL
Hong, Y
AF Gourley, J. J.
Erlingis, J. M.
Smith, T. M.
Ortega, K. L.
Hong, Y.
TI Remote collection and analysis of witness reports on flash floods
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Flash flood; Database; Survey; Google Earth (TM)
ID UNCERTAINTY
AB Typically flash floods are studied ex post facto in response to a major Impact event A complement to field investigations is developing a detailed database of flash flood events including minor events and null reports (i e where heavy ram occurred but there was no flash flooding) based on public survey questions conducted in near-real time The Severe hazards analysis and verification experiment (SHAVE) has been in operation at the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman OK USA during the summers since 2006 The experiment employs undergraduate students to analyse real-time products from weather radars target specific regions within the conterminous US and poll public residences and businesses regarding the occurrence and severity of hail wind tornadoes and now flash floods In addition to providing a rich learning experience for students SHAVE has also been successful in creating high-resolution datasets of severe hazards used for algorithm and model verification This paper describes the criteria used to initiate the flash flood survey the specific questions asked and information entered to the database and then provides an analysis of results for flash flood data collected during the summer of 2008 It is envisioned that specific details provided by the SHAVE flash flood observation database will complement databases collected by operational agencies (i e US National Weather Service Storm Data reports) and thus lead to better tools to predict the likelihood of flash floods and ultimately reduce their Impacts on society Published by Elsevier B V
C1 [Gourley, J. J.; Erlingis, J. M.; Smith, T. M.; Ortega, K. L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Erlingis, J. M.; Smith, T. M.; Ortega, K. L.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
[Hong, Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755
FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of
Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; US Department of Commerce; National Severe Storms
Laboratory
FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 US
Department of Commerce and the National Severe Storms Laboratory s
Director s Discretionary Research Funds The questionnaire for flash
flood surveys was refined through discussions with Ernie Wells
(NWS/Office of Climate Water and Weather Service) John Schmidt
(NWS/Southeast River Forecast Center) and Seann Reed (NWS/Office of
Hydrology) The authors would like to acknowledge the student callers
Jenifer Bowen Margaret Frey Steve Irwin Tiffany Meyer and Kelsey Mulder
who made possible the collection of this unique dataset Mentions of
specific software in this manuscript are not endorsements of said
software by the funding sources
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-1694
J9 J HYDROL
JI J. Hydrol.
PD NOV 17
PY 2010
VL 394
IS 1-2
SI SI
BP 53
EP 62
DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.042
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA 687YR
UT WOS:000284814900006
ER
PT J
AU Robertson, JWF
Kasianowicz, JJ
Reiner, JE
AF Robertson, Joseph W. F.
Kasianowicz, John J.
Reiner, Joseph E.
TI Changes in ion channel geometry resolved to sub-angstrom precision via
single molecule mass spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; PORE; NANOPORE;
TOXIN; RECORDINGS; DYNAMICS; NUMBER; NOISE
AB The ion channel formed by Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin switches between multiple open conducting states. We describe a method for precisely estimating the changes in the ion channel geometry that correspond to these different states. Experimentally, we observed that the permeability of a single channel to differently sized poly(ethylene glycol) molecules depends on the magnitude of the open state conductance. A simple theory is proposed for determining changes in channel length of 4.2% and in cross-sectional area of -0.4%.
C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Reiner, Joseph E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Robertson, JWF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013;
OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703
FU Electronic Biosciences, LLC under a NIST SBIR; NIST Office of
Microelectronics Program; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards
FX We thank Electronic Biosciences, LLC for building a high-impedance
amplifier and data acquisition system for our laboratory under a NIST
SBIR grant. Henry White provided helpful instructions for working with
conical glass pores as membrane supports and generously donated glass
nanopore supports. This work was sponsored in part by grants from the
NIST Office of Microelectronics Program and the NIST Office of Law
Enforcement Standards. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or
materials are identified in this work to specify the experimental
procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply
recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment
identified are necessarily the best available for this purpose.
NR 30
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD NOV 17
PY 2010
VL 22
IS 45
AR 454108
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/45/454108
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 673HZ
UT WOS:000283651400010
PM 21339596
ER
PT J
AU Freedman, DE
Han, TH
Prodi, A
Muller, P
Huang, QZ
Chen, YS
Webb, SM
Lee, YS
McQueen, TM
Nocera, DG
AF Freedman, Danna E.
Han, Tianheng H.
Prodi, Andrea
Mueller, Peter
Huang, Qing-Zhen
Chen, Yu-Sheng
Webb, Samuel M.
Lee, Young S.
McQueen, Tyrel M.
Nocera, Daniel G.
TI Site Specific X-ray Anomalous Dispersion of the Geometrically Frustrated
Kagome Magnet, Herbertsmithite, ZnCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATION DISTRIBUTION; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION;
ANTIFERROMAGNET; ADSORPTION; FRAMEWORK; FERRITE
AB Structural characterization, exploiting X-ray scattering differences at elemental absorption edges, is developed to quantitatively determine crystallographic site-specific metal disorder. We apply this technique to the problem of Zn-Cu chemical disorder in ZnCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2. This geometrically frustrated kagome antiferromagnet is one of the best candidates for a spin-liquid ground state, but chemical disorder has been suggested as a mundane explanation for its magnetic properties. Using anomalous scattering at the Zn and Cu edges, we determine that there is no Zn occupation of the intralayer Cu sites within the kagome layer; however there is Cu present on the Zn intersite, leading to a structural formula of (Zn0.85Cu0.15)-Cu-3(OH)(6)Cl-2. The lack of Zn mixing onto the kagome lattice sites lends support to the idea that the electronic ground state in ZnCu3(OH)(6)Cl-2 and its relatives is nontrivial.
C1 [Freedman, Danna E.; Mueller, Peter; McQueen, Tyrel M.; Nocera, Daniel G.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Han, Tianheng H.; Prodi, Andrea; Lee, Young S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Huang, Qing-Zhen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Chen, Yu-Sheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Webb, Samuel M.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Nocera, DG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, 6-335, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM nocera@mit.edu
RI Muller, Peter/A-8858-2008; Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009;
OI Muller, Peter/0000-0001-6530-3852; Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464;
Freedman, Danna/0000-0002-2579-8835
FU NSF [DMR 0819762]; DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46134]; U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357,
DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This work was supported primarily by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under
Award Number DMR 0819762 and DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER46134. Use
of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Use of the National Synchrotron Light
Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 41
TC 68
Z9 68
U1 3
U2 36
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD NOV 17
PY 2010
VL 132
IS 45
BP 16185
EP 16190
DI 10.1021/ja1070398
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 680AK
UT WOS:000284202200062
PM 20964423
ER
PT J
AU Marcos, D
Wubs, M
Taylor, JM
Aguado, R
Lukin, MD
Sorensen, AS
AF Marcos, D.
Wubs, M.
Taylor, J. M.
Aguado, R.
Lukin, M. D.
Sorensen, A. S.
TI Coupling Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond to Superconducting Flux
Qubits
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR-SPIN QUBITS; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; QUANTUM; PHOTON; STATES
AB We propose a method to achieve coherent coupling between nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and superconducting (SC) flux qubits. The resulting coupling can be used to create a coherent interaction between the spin states of distant NV centers mediated by the flux qubit. Furthermore, the magnetic coupling can be used to achieve a coherent transfer of quantum information between the flux qubit and an ensemble of NV centers. This enables a long-term memory for a SC quantum processor and possibly an interface between SC qubits and light.
C1 [Marcos, D.; Aguado, R.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Theory & Simulat Mat Dept, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
[Wubs, M.; Sorensen, A. S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
[Wubs, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Photon Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
[Taylor, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Taylor, J. M.] Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Marcos, D (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Theory & Simulat Mat Dept, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
RI Wubs, Martijn/B-4934-2008; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Aguado,
Ramon/B-5516-2008; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013
OI Wubs, Martijn/0000-0002-8286-7825; Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594;
Aguado, Ramon/0000-0002-7464-7363; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163
FU NSF; CUA; DARPA; Packard Foundation; FPU [AP2005-0720]; FTP
[274-07-0080]; [FIS2009-08744]; [CCG08-CSIC/MAT- 3775]
FX We thank P. Forn-Diaz, K. Molmer, R. Schoelkopf, A. Imamoglu, K. Semba,
and J. E. Mooij for discussions. This work was supported by NSF, CUA,
DARPA and Packard Foundation, and grants FPU AP2005-0720, FTP
274-07-0080, FIS2009-08744 and CCG08-CSIC/MAT- 3775. At the time of
submission a related preprint appeared [23], which describes an NV
coupled to a persistent-current loop integrated into coplanar
resonators.
NR 34
TC 116
Z9 118
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 17
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 21
AR 210501
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.210501
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 681JR
UT WOS:000284308500001
PM 21231275
ER
PT J
AU Barlage, M
Chen, F
Tewari, M
Ikeda, K
Gochis, D
Dudhia, J
Rasmussen, R
Livneh, B
Ek, M
Mitchell, K
AF Barlage, Michael
Chen, Fei
Tewari, Mukul
Ikeda, Kyoko
Gochis, David
Dudhia, Jimy
Rasmussen, Roy
Livneh, Ben
Ek, Mike
Mitchell, Ken
TI Noah land surface model modifications to improve snowpack prediction in
the Colorado Rocky Mountains
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL;
BOREAL FORESTS; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE; IMPACT; ALBEDO; HYDROLOGY;
TRENDS
AB Simulated snowpack by the Noah land surface model (LSM) shows an early depletion due to excessive sublimation and too early onset of snowmelt. To mitigate these deficiencies, five model modifications are tested to improve snowpack performance: (1) time-varying snow albedo, (2) solar radiation adjustment for terrain slope and orientation, (3) reducing the surface exchange coefficient for stable boundary layers, (4) increase of fresh snow albedo, and (5) adjusting surface roughness length when snow is present. The Noah LSM is executed from 1 November 2007 to 1 August 2008 for the headwater region in the Colorado Rocky Mountains with complex terrain, and its results are evaluated against 1 km Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) output and individual Natural Resources Conservation Service Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites. The most effective way to improve magnitude and timing of seasonal maximum snow water equivalent (SWE) is the introduction of the time-varying albedo formulation and the increase in fresh snow albedo. Minor improvement is obtained by reducing nighttime sublimation through adjusting the stable boundary layer surface exchange coefficient. Modifying the surface roughness length over snow surfaces and adding a terrain slope and orientation adjustment for radiation has little effect on average SWE conditions for the entire modeling domain, though it can have a significant effect in certain regions. The net effect of all changes is to improve the magnitude and timing of seasonal maximum SWE, but the snow period end is now somewhat too long. Adding the terrain slope and orientation effects does have an effect on local surface energy flux components depending on the cell slope and orientation.
C1 [Barlage, Michael; Chen, Fei; Tewari, Mukul; Ikeda, Kyoko; Gochis, David; Dudhia, Jimy; Rasmussen, Roy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Ek, Mike; Mitchell, Ken] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Livneh, Ben] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Barlage, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM barlage@ucar.edu
RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Livneh,
Ben/I-2939-2015;
OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473
FU National Science Foundation [ARC-0733058]; National Center for
Atmospheric Research
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Project
ARC-0733058 and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Water
Systems program. Greg Fall and Carrie Olheiser from NOAA/NOHRSC assisted
with the SNODAS output. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their
helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
NR 53
TC 54
Z9 55
U1 3
U2 39
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 16
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D22101
DI 10.1029/2009JD013470
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 683MY
UT WOS:000284481100001
ER
PT J
AU Kondo, M
Mates, TE
Fischer, DA
Wudl, F
Kramer, EJ
AF Kondo, Masakazu
Mates, Thomas E.
Fischer, Daniel A.
Wudl, Fred
Kramer, Edward J.
TI Bonding Structure of Phenylacetylene on Hydrogen-Terminated Si(111) and
Si(100): Surface Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis and Ab Initio
Calculations
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL
METHODS; COVALENTLY ATTACHED MONOLAYERS; COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS;
EXTREMELY MILD ATTACHMENT; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS;
SILICON SURFACES; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS
AB Interfaces between phenylacetylene (PA) monolayers and two silicon surfaces, Si(111) and Si(100). are probed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption One structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, and the results are analyzed using ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The monolayer systems are prepared via the surface hydrosilylation reaction between PA and hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The following spectral features are obtained for both of the PA-Si(111) and PA -Si(100) systems: a broad pi-pi* shakeup peak at 292 eV (XPS). a broad first ionization peak at 3.8 eV (UPS), and a low-energy C Is ->pi* resonance peak at 284.3 eV (NEXAFS). These findings are ascribed to a styrene-like pi-conjugated molecular structure at the PA-Si interface by comparing the experimental data with theoretical analysis results. A conclusion is drawn that the vinyl group can keep its pi-conjugation character on the hydrogen-terminated Si(100)[H:Si(100)]surface composed of the dihydride (SiH2) groups as well as on hydrogen-terminated Si(111) having the monohydride (Sill) group. The formation mechanism of the PA-Si(100) interlace is investigated within cluster ab initio calculations, and the possible structure of the I-I:Si(100) surface is discussed based on available data.
C1 [Kondo, Masakazu] Chisso Corp, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008105, Japan.
[Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Kondo, Masakazu; Mates, Thomas E.; Wudl, Fred; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Wudl, Fred] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Wudl, Fred; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Kondo, M (reprint author), Chisso Corp, Chiyoda Ku, 2-2-1 Otemachi, Tokyo 1008105, Japan.
EM masakazu.kondo@mrl.ucsb.edu
FU NSF [DM R05-20415]; NSF-NNIN [44771-7475]
FX l We would like to thank Michael D Dimitriou. find Drs. Kristin Schmidt
and Cherno Jaya for their help in NEXAFS experiments and data analysis.
M.K. expresses his sincere gratitude to Dr. Tirtha Chatterjee for
stimulating discussions and invaluable comments on the manuscript. This
work made use of central facilities at the MRL at UCSB, which is funded
by the MRSEC program of the NSF under grant number DM R05-20415, and
from use of the nanofabrication facilities, which is supported by the
NSF-NNIN under Award No. 44771-7475.
NR 87
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD NOV 16
PY 2010
VL 26
IS 22
BP 17000
EP 17012
DI 10.1021/la103208n
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 675NQ
UT WOS:000283837800053
PM 20883014
ER
PT J
AU Ghosh, P
Sau, JD
Tewari, S
Das Sarma, S
AF Ghosh, Parag
Sau, Jay D.
Tewari, Sumanta
Das Sarma, S.
TI Non-Abelian topological order in noncentrosymmetric superconductors with
broken time-reversal symmetry
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID STATISTICS; STATES
AB We consider two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric superconductors, in which the order parameter is a mixture of s-wave and p-wave parts, in the presence of an externally induced Zeeman splitting. We derive the conditions under which the system is in a non-Abelian phase. By considering the nondegenerate zero-energy Majorana solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations for a vortex and by constructing a topological invariant, we show that the condition for the non-Abelian phase to exist is completely independent of the triplet pairing amplitude. The existence condition for the non-Abelian phase derived from the real-space solutions of the BdG equations involves the Pfaffian of the BdG Hamiltonian at k=0, which is completely insensitive to the magnitude of the p-wave component of the order parameter. We arrive at the same conclusion by using the appropriate topological invariant for this case. This is in striking contrast to the analogous condition for the time-reversal invariant topological phases, in which the amplitude of the p-wave component must be larger than the amplitude of the s-wave piece of the order parameter. As a by-product, we establish the intrinsic connection between the Pfaffian of the BdG Hamiltonian at k=0 (which arises at the BdG approach) and the relevant Z topological invariant.
C1 [Ghosh, Parag] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
[Ghosh, Parag] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Sau, Jay D.; Tewari, Sumanta; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Sau, Jay D.; Tewari, Sumanta; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Tewari, Sumanta] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
RP Ghosh, P (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RI Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009
OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X
FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB7H6138, Am 001];
Office of Naval Research [N000-14-09-1-1025A]; DARPA-QuEST; JQI-NSF-PFC;
LPS-NSA; DOE/EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER-46139]; DARPA-MTO [FA 9550-10-1-0497]
FX We thank T. Neupert, M. Sato, and S. Fujimoto for correspondence. P. G.
wishes to thank Kai Sun for valuable discussions on topological
invariants. J.S thanks X.-L. Qi for discussions. J.S. would like to
thank Charles Kane for pointing out the similarity between the Pfaffian
invariant in this work and the one due to Kitaev. P. G. is supported by
National Institute of Standards and Technology through Grant No.
70NANB7H6138, Am 001, and through Grant No. N000-14-09-1-1025A by the
Office of Naval Research. J.D.S. and S. D. S. are supported by
DARPA-QuEST, JQI-NSF-PFC, and LPS-NSA. S. T. acknowledges DOE/EPSCoR
Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER-46139 and DARPA-MTO Grant No. FA 9550-10-1-0497
for support.
NR 34
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV 16
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 18
AR 184525
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184525
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 680TJ
UT WOS:000284257500006
ER
PT J
AU Leiner, J
Lee, H
Yoo, T
Lee, S
Kirby, BJ
Tivakornsasithorn, K
Liu, X
Furdyna, JK
Dobrowolska, M
AF Leiner, J.
Lee, H.
Yoo, T.
Lee, Sanghoon
Kirby, B. J.
Tivakornsasithorn, K.
Liu, X.
Furdyna, J. K.
Dobrowolska, M.
TI Observation of antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling in a
Ga1-xMnxAs/GaAs:Be/Ga1-xMnxAs trilayer structure
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTILAYERS
AB Interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) between two Ga0.95Mn0.05As layers separated by Be-doped GaAs spacers was investigated experimentally using magnetization, magnetotransport and neutron-scattering measurements, which all indicated the presence of robust antiferromagnetic IEC when the GaAs spacer is sufficiently thin. We argue that the observed behavior arises from a competition between the interlayer exchange field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields intrinsic to GaMnAs layers.
C1 [Leiner, J.; Tivakornsasithorn, K.; Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.; Dobrowolska, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
[Lee, H.; Yoo, T.; Lee, Sanghoon] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
[Kirby, B. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Leiner, J (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
EM jleiner@nd.edu; slee3@korea.ac.kr; xliu2@nd.edu
FU NSF [DMR06-03762, DMR10-0581]; NSF EAPSI [OISE-0914013]; MEST
[2010-0025880, 2009-0085028]
FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR06-03762 and No.
DMR10-0581; by a NSF EAPSI under Grant No. OISE-0914013; and by
Mid-career Researcher Program through NRF grant funded by the MEST under
Grants No. 2010-0025880 and No. 2009-0085028.
NR 23
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV 16
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 19
AR 195205
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195205
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 680TN
UT WOS:000284258000004
ER
PT J
AU Steiner, AL
Davis, AJ
Sillman, S
Owen, RC
Michalak, AM
Fiore, AM
AF Steiner, Allison L.
Davis, Adam J.
Sillman, Sanford
Owen, Robert C.
Michalak, Anna M.
Fiore, Arlene M.
TI Observed suppression of ozone formation at extremely high temperatures
due to chemical and biophysical feedbacks
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE atmospheric chemistry; isoprene; meteorology; PAN
ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; AIR-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; ELECTRICITY DEMAND; URBAN;
CALIFORNIA; SENSITIVITY; ISOPRENE; MODEL; VARIABILITY
AB Ground level ozone concentrations ([O-3]) typically show a direct linear relationship with surface air temperature. Three decades of California measurements provide evidence of a statistically significant change in the ozone-temperature slope (Delta m(O3-T)) under extremely high temperatures (>312 K). This Delta m(O3-T) leads to a plateau or decrease in [O-3], reflecting the diminished role of nitrogen oxide sequestration by peroxyacetyl nitrates and reduced biogenic isoprene emissions at high temperatures. Despite inclusion of these processes in global and regional chemistry-climate models, a statistically significant change in Delta m(O3-T) has not been noted in prior studies. Future climate projections suggest a more frequent and spatially widespread occurrence of this Delta m(O3-T) response, confounding predictions of extreme ozone events based on the historically observed linear relationship.
C1 [Steiner, Allison L.; Davis, Adam J.; Sillman, Sanford; Owen, Robert C.; Michalak, Anna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Michalak, Anna M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Fiore, Arlene M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Steiner, AL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM alsteiner@umich.edu
RI Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011;
OI Sillman, Sanford/0000-0001-6250-1191
FU National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; NOAA; EPA;
Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83337701-0]
FX We thank Frank Marsik and Sharon Zhong for helpful comments and
suggestions on this work. We acknowledge the use of the CARB ozone data
and the EPA PAMS isoprene data. We thank the Naval Postgraduate Research
Laboratory for the use of boundary layer height data, and the NOAA Air
Resources Laboratory for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and
dispersion model. We thank NARCCAP for providing the future climate
simulations (funded by the National Science Foundation, the US
Department of Energy, NOAA, and the EPA). S.S. was supported by the
Environmental Protection Agency to Achieve Results Program Grant
RD-83337701-0.
NR 41
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 31
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD NOV 16
PY 2010
VL 107
IS 46
BP 19685
EP 19690
DI 10.1073/pnas.1008336107
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 680UT
UT WOS:000284261800019
PM 21041679
ER
PT J
AU Kazakov, A
Muzny, CD
Diky, V
Chirico, RD
Frenkel, M
AF Kazakov, Andrei
Muzny, Chris D.
Diky, Vladimir
Chirico, Robert D.
Frenkel, Michael
TI Predictive correlations based on large experimental datasets: Critical
constants for pure compounds
SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Correlation; Critical properties; Empirical modeling; Property
estimation; Quantitative Structure-Property; Relationships; Support
Vector Machines
ID THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTY DATA; IMPORTANT ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SUPPORT
VECTOR REGRESSION; WAALS SURFACE-AREA; CRITICAL-TEMPERATURES;
PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GENERALIZED EXPRESSION; COMPONENT PROPERTIES;
MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; NORMAL-ALKANES
AB A framework for development of estimation methods is demonstrated using prediction of critical constants for pure compounds as an example. The dataset of critical temperature T(c) and critical pressure p(c) for over 850 compounds used in the present work was extracted from the TRC SOURCE data archival system and is based exclusively on experimental values taken from the literature. Experimental T(c) and p(c) values were critically evaluated using the methods of robust regression and their uncertainties were assigned in a rigorous manner. The correlations for critical constants were developed based on Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPR) methodology combined with the Support Vector Machines (SVM) regression. The propagation of the experimental uncertainties into the predictions produced by the correlations was also assessed using a procedure based on stochastic sampling. The new method is shown to perform significantly better than a number of commonly used estimation methods. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Kazakov, Andrei; Muzny, Chris D.; Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Kazakov, A (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM andrei.kazakov@nist.gov
NR 74
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3812
J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR
JI Fluid Phase Equilib.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 298
IS 1
BP 131
EP 142
DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2010.07.014
PG 12
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA 665GP
UT WOS:000283023700017
ER
PT J
AU Kiffney, PM
Richardson, JS
AF Kiffney, Peter M.
Richardson, John S.
TI Organic matter inputs into headwater streams of southwestern British
Columbia as a function of riparian reserves and time since harvesting
SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Climate; Forestry; Headwater streams; Pacific coastal ecoregion;
Particulate organic matter; Riparian reserves
ID FOOD-WEB; RED ALDER; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; FOREST SUCCESSION;
BUFFER WIDTH; LITTER FALL; RAIN-FOREST; CLEAR-CUT; INVERTEBRATE;
ECOSYSTEM
AB Riparian vegetation strongly influences the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: therefore, harvest of riparian trees can profoundly impact these habitats. Riparian reserves (no harvest zones) are used world-wide to reduce these impacts, including effects on organic matter dynamics. There are, however, few experimental evaluations of their efficacy. Particulate organic matter delivery from riparian vegetation to streams, a critical ecosystem process, was measured over an eight year period after logging in southwestern British Columbia, Canada to quantify the relationship between these litter fluxes and riparian reserves (unlogged controls, 30 and 10-m wide uncut reserves, and clear-cuts). We hypothesized that the timing, composition and quantity of organic matter entering these streams would vary as a function of reserve width, but that these differences would decline with time since logging. We also hypothesized that inter-annual variation in precipitation patterns would partially contribute to litter dynamics. Riparian treatment significantly affected the quantity and composition of litter flux: inputs of needles and twigs were significantly lower and proportion of deciduous litter higher in clear-cut streams compared to other treatments. ANOVA models indicated that treatment differences in litter flux persisted through year 7 for some components of litter, while regression models indicated positive trends between reserve width and litter flux through year 8. This positive slope indicates the clear-cut treatment had yet to recover from logging. Variation in snowfall and plant succession contributed to temporal variation in litter flux; in some cases, litter inputs increased with annual snowfall. Another key finding from this study was that riparian reserves provided total litter inputs to streams that were similar to fully forested controls. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Kiffney, Peter M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm,Mukilteo Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
[Richardson, John S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm,Mukilteo Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA.
EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov; john.richardson@ubc.ca
RI Richardson, John/G-1513-2012
OI Richardson, John/0000-0001-8135-7447
FU FIA; National Marine Fisheries Service
FX This project enlisted the assistance of numerous individuals, and we
particularly note the field and laboratory work provided by J. Bull, C.
Phelan, and W. Gibson. The staff of the Malcolm Knapp Research Forest
has provided superb logistical assistance throughout the life of this
project. Y. Miquelajauregui generously provided a copy of this thesis.
The project was funded by grants from the FIA-Forest Sciences Program
(BC) Grants and support for PMK from National Marine Fisheries Service.
Comments by B. Palik, M. Pollock, T. Beechie, T. Collier, P. Roni and
three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript.
NR 73
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1127
J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG
JI For. Ecol. Manage.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 260
IS 11
BP 1931
EP 1942
DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.016
PG 12
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 682ID
UT WOS:000284393700001
ER
PT J
AU Sebastian, CP
Salvador, J
Martin, JB
Kanatzidis, MG
AF Sebastian, C. Peter
Salvador, James
Martin, Joshua B.
Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
TI New Intermetallics YbAu2In4 and Yb2Au3In5
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID VALENCE PHASE-TRANSITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES;
PRISMATIC ENVIRONMENTS; BAAL4-TYPE STRUCTURES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GOLD
SUBSTITUTION; IN SYSTEMS; AU; STANNIDES
AB The intermetallic compounds YbAu2In4 and Yb2Au3In5 were obtained as single crystals in high yield from reactions run in liquid indium. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of YbAu2In4 showed that it crystallizes as a new structure type in the monoclinic space group P 2(1)/m and lattice constants a = 7.6536(19) angstrom, b = 4.5424(11) angstrom, c = 9.591(2) angstrom and beta = 107.838(4)degrees. The YbAu2In4 compound is composed of a complex [Au2In4](3-) polyanionic network in which the rare-earth ions are embedded. Yb2Au3In5 crystallizes in the polar space group Cmc2(1) with the Y2Rh3Sn5 type structure and lattice constants a = 4.5351(9) angstrom, b = 26.824(5) angstrom, and c = 7.4641(15) angstrom. The gold and Indium atoms define a complex three-dimensional [Au3In5] network with a broad range of Au-In (2.751(2) angstrom-3.0518(16) angstrom) and In-In (3.062(3) angstrom-3.3024(19) angstrom) distances. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of YbAu2In4 revealed a transition at 25 K. Below the transition, the susceptibility of YbAu2In4 follows Curie-Weiss behavior with an effective paramagnetic moment of 0.79 mu(B)/Yb. Magnetic susceptibility measurements on Yb2Au3In5 show a mixed valent ytterbium and the magnetic moment within the linear region (<100 K) of 1.95 mu(B)/Yb. Heat capacity data for YbAu2In4 and Yb2Au3In5 give Debye temperatures of 185 and 153 K, respectively.
C1 [Sebastian, C. Peter; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Salvador, James] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Martin, Joshua B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Funct Properties Grp, Div Ceram, MATLS A256, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 N Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu
RI Peter, Sebastian/A-2666-2013
FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46356]; NSF [DMR-0520513]
FX Financial support from the Department of Energy (Grant
DE-FG02-07ER46356) is gratefully acknowledged. Use was made of
facilities operated by the Northwestern Materials Research Center under
NSF Grant DMR-0520513. Technical support was provided by Dr. O.
Chernyashevskyy.
NR 45
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PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 49
IS 22
BP 10468
EP 10474
DI 10.1021/ic101502e
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 675FC
UT WOS:000283810800037
PM 20961134
ER
PT J
AU Wang, GH
Wang, CZ
Huang, RX
AF Wang, Guihua
Wang, Chunzai
Huang, Rui Xin
TI Interdecadal Variability of the Eastward Current in the South China Sea
Associated with the Summer Asian Monsoon
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE; KUROSHIO; DYNAMICS; OCEAN
AB Based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset and three types of Sverdrup streamfunction, an interdecadal variability of the eastward current in the middle South China Sea (SCS) during summer is identified. Both the pattern and strength of the summer Asian monsoon wind stress curl over the SCS contribute to the interdecadal variability of this current. From 1960 to 1979, the monsoon intensified and the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward. Both the core of positive wind stress curl in the northern SCS and the negative curl in the southern SCS moved southward and thus induced a southward shift of both the southern anticyclonic and northern cyclonic gyres, resulting in a southward displacement of the eastward current associated with these two gyres. In the meantime, the southern (northern) SCS anticyclonic (cyclonic) ocean gyre weakened (strengthened) and therefore also induced the southward shift of the eastward current near the intergyre boundary. In contrast, the eastward current shifted northward from 1980 to 1998 because the monsoon relaxed and the zero wind stress curl line shifted northward. After 1998, the eastward jet moved southward again as the zero wind stress curl line shifted southward and the SCS monsoon strengthened. The eastward current identified from the baroclinic streamfunction moved about 1.7 degrees more southward than that from the barotropic stream function, indicating that the meridional position of the eastward current is depth dependent.
C1 [Wang, Guihua] SOA, SIO, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Huang, Rui Xin] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Wang, GH (reprint author), Second Inst Oceanog, 36 Baochubei Rd, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
EM guihua_wanggh@yahoo.com.cn
RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009
OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308
FU National Basic Research Program [2007CB816003]; National Natural Science
Foundation of China [40976077, 40730843, 40876004]
FX This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program (Grant
2007CB816003) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grants 40976077, 40730843, and 40876004). We also thank Dr. Cai Shuqun,
who kindly provided the code for calculating the Rossby wave speed; and
Mr. Ling Zheng, who helped prepare the manuscript. Helpful comments from
the three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated.
NR 18
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 22
BP 6115
EP 6123
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3607.1
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693MG
UT WOS:000285227600017
ER
PT J
AU Compo, GP
Sardeshmukh, PD
AF Compo, Gilbert P.
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
TI Removing ENSO-related variations from the climate record (vol 23, pg
1957, 2010)
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Correction
C1 [Compo, Gilbert P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Compo, GP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
NR 1
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PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 23
IS 22
BP 6124
EP 6127
DI 10.1175/2010JCLI4024.1
PG 4
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 693MG
UT WOS:000285227600018
ER
PT J
AU Polito, MJ
Goebel, ME
AF Polito, Michael J.
Goebel, Michael E.
TI Investigating the use of stable isotope analysis of milk to infer
seasonal trends in the diets and foraging habitats of female Antarctic
fur seals
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Antarctic fur seal; Arctocephalus gazella; Diets; Milk; Stable isotopes
ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA PETERS; SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; NITROGEN
ISOTOPES; BREEDING-SEASON; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH DIET; CARBON; GEORGIA;
TISSUES; PREY
AB The use of intrinsic biomarkers to infer the foraging ecology of marine predators has become a common alternative to traditional methods of estimating diets and foraging behavior. In this study we examined the ability of the stable isotope analysis (delta N-15 and delta C-13) of milk to infer seasonal variations in the diets and foraging habitats of female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) breeding at Cape Shirreff, Livingston Island, Antarctica. We found that the stable nitrogen values of lipid-free milk were correlated with seasonal changes in female diet composition during the lactation period identified from scat collections. While we could not fully quantifying female diets using isotopic analysis, evidence from both scat collections and stable isotope analysis suggest that Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) remained a major dietary item throughout lactation. In addition, these two methods independently highlighted the increasing importance of fish and squid in the diets of females as the season progresses. Furthermore, the isotopic values of milk collected during the perinatal fast suggest that females may be foraging in high productivity areas north of the South Shetland Islands and consume a larger proportion of fish and/or squid prior to parturition. While more confirmatory studies are needed to refine these methods, our results suggests that the delta N-15 and delta C-13 values of lipid-free milk can be used as a proxy to describe the foraging ecology of female Antarctic fur seals prior to and across the lactation period. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Polito, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA.
[Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA USA.
RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA.
EM mjp7454@uncw.edu
RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012
OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431
FU US AMLR
FX Many thanks to the field teams at Cape Sherriff those who helped collect
data associated with this study: C. Champagne, S. Freeman S, R Haner, R.
Holt and B. McDonald. Thank you to A. Van Cise, J. Lipsky, J. Seminoff,
N. Spear, and J. Walsh for assistance with scat processing, otolith
identification, and lipid extraction of milk and prey samples. S.
Emslie, C. Tobias and K. Durenberger provided assistance with stable
isotope analysis. Thanks to J. Blum for statistical advice and
assistance. A. Satake and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful
revisions to this manuscript. This research was funded by the US AMLR
Program. All studies were conducted according to US law, and under
approved animal use protocols in conjunction with Antarctic Conservation
Act and U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act Permits (#774-1847-02). [ST]
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 395
IS 1-2
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.015
PG 9
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 683YF
UT WOS:000284513500001
ER
PT J
AU Stickle, WB
Lindeberg, M
Rice, SD
AF Stickle, William B.
Lindeberg, Mandy
Rice, Stanley D.
TI Seasonal freezing adaptations of the mid-intertidal gastropod Nucella
lima from southeast Alaska
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Activity patterns; Colligative osmolytes; Freeze events; Freeze
tolerance; Nucella lima; Supercooling point
ID MELAMPUS-BIDENTATUS SAY; LITTORINA-LITTOREA L; PULMONATE GASTROPOD;
THERMAL-STRESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE NUCLEATOR; TOLERANCE; SNAILS;
INVERTEBRATES; SALINITY
AB Nucella lima from the mid-intertidal zone of Bridget and Sunshine Cove, Alaska is exposed to multiple freezing emersion events during the winter. The average duration of low tide when the air temperature fell below 0 degrees C increased from 2.91 to 6.78 h between the lower limit and upper limit of the intertidal range of N. lima. Air temperatures below freezing were observed between October 20, 2007 and April 20, 2008. Snails cease feeding and move into crevices, under boulders or into the sediment at the base of rocks in the winter which potentially minimizes their exposure to freezing events. Egg capsules were also observed in the snail habitat between September 27, 2007 and March 12, 2008. Snails supercool below the freezing point of seawater which delays freezing during tidal cycle related emersion. The supercooling point of snail tissues does not vary seasonally. Air temperatures below the maximum supercooling temperature of snails (-4.94 degrees C) occurred multiple times in December 2007 and January and February 2008. The freeze tolerance of N. lima varies seasonally and is always below the supercooling point indicating that N. lima physiologically tolerates freezing. It is likely that the seasonal synthesis of cellular compatible osmolytes is responsible for the seasonal variation in freeze tolerance: Quantitatively important compatible osmolytes which are found in higher concentration in the winter versus the summer in foot tissue of snails are total free amino acids, taurine (119 mol.Kg wet(-1)), and glycine (43 mol.Kg wet(-1)). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Stickle, William B.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Lindeberg, Mandy; Rice, Stanley D.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA.
RP Stickle, WB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM zostic@lsu.edu
FU Louisiana Sea Grant
FX WBS gratefully acknowledges Louisiana State University for granting him
a sabbatical leave for the spring semester of the 200607 academic year
which allowed him to initiate this project. We are also thankful to
Louisiana Sea Grant for awarding an undergraduate research opportunities
(UROP) grant to Kevin Vu who assisted with the freeze tolerance,
supercooling, and snail activity experiments in June 2009 and in
performing temperature probe analysis from the Pro V 2 Hobo temperature
probe transects placed in the rocky intertidal zone at Bridget Cove, AK.
Ms. Jinny Johnson of the Texas A&M Texas A&M University Protein
Chemistry Laboratory was a pleasure to work with. [SS]
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 395
IS 1-2
BP 106
EP 111
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.022
PG 6
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 683YF
UT WOS:000284513500014
ER
PT J
AU Kimball, ME
Rozas, LP
Boswell, KM
Cowan, JH
AF Kimball, Matthew E.
Rozas, Lawrence P.
Boswell, Kevin M.
Cowan, James H., Jr.
TI Evaluating the effect of slot size and environmental variables on the
passage of estuarine nekton through a water control structure
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Acoustic imaging; Nekton; Passage; Salt marsh; Slot; Water control
structure
ID CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED; ECOLOGICAL RELEVANCE; FISH ASSEMBLAGES;
PENAEUS-AZTECUS; COASTAL FISHES; SALT MARSHES; SONAR IMAGES; RIVER;
PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR
AB Water control structures (WCSs) installed to regulate water levels can alter both the hydrology and ecology of salt marshes. WCSs are thought to limit nekton ingress into, and egress from, managed marshes. Slots (vertical openings that span most of the water column) incorporated into WCSs are thought to facilitate nekton passage through structures, but little research has directly examined how slot size affects passage rates. We used dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) acoustic imaging to examine the effect of slot width (10, 15, 30, or 60 cm), tidal cycle, diel period, and season on nekton passage at a WCS located in a tidal salt marsh canal. Few individuals (total numbers and relative percentages) used the slots for passage through the structure during any stage of the tidal cycle, day or night, or seasonally. The number and size of migrants were similar for all four slot sizes examined. Nekton used the slots most often on flood tides to access the managed marsh (i.e., swim inside), primarily at night. Individuals entering the managed marsh were larger than those observed leaving the managed marsh. Whereas the majority of migrants were observed during winter months, season did not affect nekton passage in our study. Acoustic imaging allowed a unique and comprehensive evaluation of nekton passage by permitting an examination of factors such as swimming direction and proportion of migrants that are unobservable with other sampling techniques. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kimball, Matthew E.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
[Kimball, Matthew E.; Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA NMFS SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA.
[Boswell, Kevin M.; Cowan, James H., Jr.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Kimball, ME (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, AgCtr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
EM mekimball@agcenter.lsu.edu
RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016
OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541
FU Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission; Louisiana Department of
Wildlife Fisheries
FX This project was funded by the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission
and the Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries. We thank the
Louisiana Department of Wildlife & Fisheries (H. Finley), Louisiana
Department of Natural Resources (B. Richard), Louisiana State University
AgCenter (M. La Peyre, L Broussard), NMFS Habitat Conservation Division
(P. Williams, R. Sweeney, R. Hartman), University of Louisiana at
Lafayette (S. Martin, S. Nanez-James), and the USGS National Wetlands
Research Center (T. Doyle, W. Norling, D. Anders) for their assistance.
The suggestions of T. Minello, A. Chester, and two anonymous reviewers
improved the original manuscript. The findings, conclusions, and
recommendations presented in this manuscript are those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries
Service. [RH]
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0981
J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL
JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 395
IS 1-2
BP 181
EP 190
DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2010.09.003
PG 10
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 683YF
UT WOS:000284513500023
ER
PT J
AU Eakin, CM
Morgan, JA
Heron, SF
Smith, TB
Liu, G
Alvarez-Filip, L
Baca, B
Bartels, E
Bastidas, C
Bouchon, C
Brandt, M
Bruckner, AW
Bunkley-Williams, L
Cameron, A
Causey, BD
Chiappone, M
Christensen, TRL
Crabbe, MJC
Day, O
de la Guardia, E
Diaz-Pulido, G
DiResta, D
Gil-Agudelo, DL
Gilliam, DS
Ginsburg, RN
Gore, S
Guzman, HM
Hendee, JC
Hernandez-Delgado, EA
Husain, E
Jeffrey, CFG
Jones, RJ
Jordan-Dahlgren, E
Kaufman, LS
Kline, DI
Kramer, PA
Lang, JC
Lirman, D
Mallela, J
Manfrino, C
Marechal, JP
Marks, K
Mihaly, J
Miller, WJ
Mueller, EM
Muller, EM
Toro, CAO
Oxenford, HA
Ponce-Taylor, D
Quinn, N
Ritchie, KB
Rodriguez, S
Ramirez, AR
Romano, S
Samhouri, JF
Sanchez, JA
Schmahl, GP
Shank, BV
Skirving, WJ
Steiner, SCC
Villamizar, E
Walsh, SM
Walter, C
Weil, E
Williams, EH
Roberson, KW
Yusuf, Y
AF Eakin, C. Mark
Morgan, Jessica A.
Heron, Scott F.
Smith, Tyler B.
Liu, Gang
Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo
Baca, Bart
Bartels, Erich
Bastidas, Carolina
Bouchon, Claude
Brandt, Marilyn
Bruckner, Andrew W.
Bunkley-Williams, Lucy
Cameron, Andrew
Causey, Billy D.
Chiappone, Mark
Christensen, Tyler R. L.
Crabbe, M. James C.
Day, Owen
de la Guardia, Elena
Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo
DiResta, Daniel
Gil-Agudelo, Diego L.
Gilliam, David S.
Ginsburg, Robert N.
Gore, Shannon
Guzman, Hector M.
Hendee, James C.
Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.
Husain, Ellen
Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.
Jones, Ross J.
Jordan-Dahlgren, Eric
Kaufman, Les S.
Kline, David I.
Kramer, Philip A.
Lang, Judith C.
Lirman, Diego
Mallela, Jennie
Manfrino, Carrie
Marechal, Jean-Philippe
Marks, Ken
Mihaly, Jennifer
Miller, W. Jeff
Mueller, Erich M.
Muller, Erinn M.
Orozco Toro, Carlos A.
Oxenford, Hazel A.
Ponce-Taylor, Daniel
Quinn, Norman
Ritchie, Kim B.
Rodriguez, Sebastian
Rodriguez Ramirez, Alberto
Romano, Sandra
Samhouri, Jameal F.
Sanchez, Juan A.
Schmahl, George P.
Shank, Burton V.
Skirving, William J.
Steiner, Sascha C. C.
Villamizar, Estrella
Walsh, Sheila M.
Walter, Cory
Weil, Ernesto
Williams, Ernest H.
Roberson, Kimberly Woody
Yusuf, Yusri
TI Caribbean Corals in Crisis: Record Thermal Stress, Bleaching, and
Mortality in 2005
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; REEF; EVENT;
TEMPERATURE; HURRICANES; SEVERITY; DISEASES
AB Background: The rising temperature of the world's oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severity and frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers' field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles.
Conclusions/Significance: Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA Coral Reef Watch's Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality will undoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate.
C1 [Eakin, C. Mark; Jeffrey, Christopher F. G.; Roberson, Kimberly Woody] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Morgan, Jessica A.; Liu, Gang; Christensen, Tyler R. L.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA.
[Heron, Scott F.; Skirving, William J.] ReefSense Pty Ltd, NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
[Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
[Smith, Tyler B.; Brandt, Marilyn; Romano, Sandra] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI USA.
[Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo] Parque Nacl Arrecifes Cozumel, Cozumel, Mexico.
[Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
[Baca, Bart] CSA S Inc, Dania, FL USA.
[Bartels, Erich; Ritchie, Kim B.; Walter, Cory] Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Coral Reef Res, Summerland Key, FL USA.
[Bastidas, Carolina; Rodriguez, Sebastian] Univ Simon Bolivar, Inst Tecnol & Ciencias Marinas, Caracas, Venezuela.
[Bouchon, Claude] Univ Antilles Guyane, Biol Marine Lab, Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe.
[Bruckner, Andrew W.] Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Fdn, Landover, MD USA.
[Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Weil, Ernesto; Williams, Ernest H.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR USA.
[Cameron, Andrew; Ponce-Taylor, Daniel] Global Vis Int & Amigos Sian Kaan Asociac Civil, Playa Del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
[Causey, Billy D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Key West, FL USA.
[Chiappone, Mark] Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Key Largo, FL USA.
[Crabbe, M. James C.] Univ Bedfordshire, Luton Inst Res Appl Nat Sci, Luton, Beds, England.
[Day, Owen] Buccoo Reef Trust, Carnbee, Trinid & Tobago.
[de la Guardia, Elena] Univ La Habana, Ctr Invest Marinas, Havana, Cuba.
[Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Univ Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia.
[Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Griffith Univ, Griffith Sch Environm, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
[Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
[DiResta, Daniel] Univ Miami, Marine & Atmospher Sci Program, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Gil-Agudelo, Diego L.; Rodriguez Ramirez, Alberto] Inst Invest Marinas & Costeras INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia.
[Gilliam, David S.] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL USA.
[Ginsburg, Robert N.; Lirman, Diego] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Virginia Key, FL USA.
[Guzman, Hector M.; Kline, David I.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama.
[Hendee, James C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Hernandez-Delgado, Edwin A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Appl Trop Ecol & Conservat, San Juan, PR 00936 USA.
[Husain, Ellen] Univ Exeter, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Jones, Ross J.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda.
[Jordan-Dahlgren, Eric] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
[Kaufman, Les S.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
[Kline, David I.] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
[Kramer, Philip A.] Nature Conservancy, Sugarloaf Key, FL USA.
[Lang, Judith C.; Marks, Ken] Ocean Res & Educ Fdn Inc, Coral Gables, FL USA.
[Mallela, Jennie] Univ W Indies, Dept Life Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago.
[Mallela, Jennie] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
[Manfrino, Carrie] Cent Caribbean Marine Inst, Union, NJ USA.
[Manfrino, Carrie] Kean Univ, Union, NJ USA.
[Marechal, Jean-Philippe] Observ Milieu Marin Martiniquais, Fort De France, Martinique.
[Mihaly, Jennifer] Reef Check, Pacific Palisades, CA USA.
[Miller, W. Jeff] S Florida Caribbean Network, St John, VI USA.
[Mueller, Erich M.] Perry Inst Marine Sci, Jupiter, FL USA.
[Muller, Erinn M.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
[Orozco Toro, Carlos A.] Corp Desarrollo Sostenible Archipielago San Andre, San Andres Isla, Colombia.
[Oxenford, Hazel A.] Univ W Indies, Ctr Resource Management & Environm Studies, Cave Hill, Barbados.
[Quinn, Norman] Dept Planning & Nat Resources, Christiansted, VI USA.
[Samhouri, Jameal F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Sanchez, Juan A.] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Bogota, Colombia.
[Schmahl, George P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Galveston, TX USA.
[Shank, Burton V.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA.
[Steiner, Sascha C. C.] Inst Trop Marine Ecol Inc, Roseau, Dominica.
[Villamizar, Estrella] Cent Univ Venezuela, Inst Zool Trop, Caracas, Venezuela.
[Walsh, Sheila M.] Brown Univ, Environm Change Initiat, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
[Yusuf, Yusri] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, Inst Oceanog, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
[Yusuf, Yusri] Univ Malaysia Terengganu, ReefBase, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD USA.
EM coralreefwatch@noaa.gov
RI kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Liu,
Gang/E-7921-2011; Jones, Ross/N-4651-2013; Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011;
Morgan, Jessica/E-7926-2011; Christensen, Tyler/E-7922-2011; Skirving,
William/E-7927-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Alvarez-Filip,
Lorenzo/C-9552-2011; Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo/B-3648-2013; Manfrino,
Carrie /F-7588-2013; Hendee, James/E-6358-2010
OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805; Jones, Ross/0000-0003-1661-4149;
Manfrino, Carrie/0000-0002-3129-9629; Mallela,
Jennie/0000-0002-7811-6850; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427;
Alvarez-Filip, Lorenzo/0000-0002-5726-7238; Hendee,
James/0000-0002-4799-5354
FU NOAA
FX This work was partially supported by salaries from the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program to the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
authors. NOAA provided funding to Caribbean ReefCheck investigators to
undertake surveys of bleaching and mortality. Otherwise, no funding from
outside authors' institutions was necessary for the undertaking of this
study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 48
TC 136
Z9 143
U1 13
U2 140
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 11
AR e13969
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013969
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 680KW
UT WOS:000284231800007
PM 21125021
ER
PT J
AU Montes-Hugo, MA
Churnside, JH
Gould, RW
Arnone, RA
Foy, R
AF Montes-Hugo, M. A.
Churnside, J. H.
Gould, R. W.
Arnone, R. A.
Foy, R.
TI Spatial coherence between remotely sensed ocean color data and vertical
distribution of lidar backscattering in coastal stratified waters
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Vertical structure; Inherent optical properties; Statistical modes;
Ocean color; Passive optical data; Backscattering; Lidar; Alaska;
Coastal waters
ID DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; NATURAL-WATERS; PHYTOPLANKTON; CHLOROPHYLL;
ATLANTIC; LIGHT; MODEL; BIGHT; SHIP
AB Detection of sub-surface optical layers in marine waters has important applications in fisheries management, climate modeling, and decision-based systems related to military operations. Concurrent changes in the magnitude and spatial variability of remote sensing reflectance (R(rs)) ratios and submerged scattering layers were investigated in coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Alaska during summer of 2002 based on high resolution and simultaneous passive (MicroSAS) and active (Fish Lidar Oceanic Experimental, FLOE) optical measurements. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the spatial variability of total lidar backscattering signal (5) between 2.1 and 20 m depth was weakly associated with changes in the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of surface waters. Also based on a 250-m footprint, the vertical attenuation of S was inversely related to the IOPs (Spearman Rank Correlation up to -0.43). Low (arithmetic average and standard deviation) and high (skewness and kurtosis) moments of R(rs)(443)/R(rs)(490) and R(rs)(508)/R(rs)(555) ratios were correlated with vertical changes in total lidar backscattering signal (5) at different locations. This suggests the use of sub-pixel ocean color statistics to infer the spatial distribution of sub-surface scattering layers in coastal waters characterized by stratified conditions, well defined S layers (i.e., magnitude of S maximum comparable to near surface values), and relatively high vertically integrated phytoplankton pigments in the euphotic zone (chlorophyll a concentration >150 mg m(-2)). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Montes-Hugo, M. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA.
[Churnside, J. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Montes-Hugo, M. A.; Gould, R. W.; Arnone, R. A.] NASA, Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA.
[Foy, R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA.
RP Montes-Hugo, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA.
EM mmontes@ngi.msstate.edu
RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU NRL [PE0601153N]
FX This work was supported by the NRL internal project "3D Remote Sensing
with a Multiple-Band Active and Passive System: Theoretical Basis",
PE0601153N. We thank the captain and crew of the FV Laura of Kodiak, the
pilot of the aircraft, and Tim Veenstra at Airborne Technologies Inc.
(Wasilla, Alaska).
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 11
BP 2584
EP 2593
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.023
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 655IE
UT WOS:000282242000017
ER
PT J
AU Castro, SL
Wick, GA
Minnett, PJ
Jessup, AT
Emery, WJ
AF Castro, Sandra L.
Wick, Gary A.
Minnett, Peter J.
Jessup, Andrew T.
Emery, William J.
TI The impact of measurement uncertainty and spatial variability on the
accuracy of skin and subsurface regression-based sea surface temperature
algorithms
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE SST uncertainty; Spatial and temporal variability; Instrument noise;
Skin and subsurface regression; MCSST algorithm accuracy
ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SATELLITE; RADIOMETER; RETRIEVAL; CIRIMS; ERRORS
AB An ongoing limitation of common regression-based infrared (IR) satellite sea surface temperature (SST) algorithms has been the lack of sufficient in situ skin temperature measurements for derivation of the algorithm coefficients. Since IR brightness temperatures respond to the skin temperature, use of the more numerous subsurface observations to tune the algorithms introduces uncertainty into the resulting SST products. Coincident in situ skin and subsurface SST measurements from three years of cruises are used to derive parallel skin and subsurface multichannel SST (MCSST)-type regression algorithms to determine the extent to which improved accuracy can be obtained using the skin measurements. Through use of only coincident measurements, the advantage offered by the greater volume of available subsurface observations is eliminated. Surprisingly, we find no accuracy improvement using skin SST algorithms relative to algorithms derived from the research-grade ship-borne subsurface temperature measurements used in our analysis. However, better accuracy was found relative to algorithms derived from subsurface observations whose accuracy was degraded to that of buoys. The results are robust with regard to satellite resolution, collocation criteria, geographical regions, and time of day.
The accuracy differences are found to be generally consistent with the effects of: (1) increased measurement uncertainty of radiometric measurements relative to research-grade subsurface observations, and (2) differences in spatial variability between the skin SST and temperature-at-depth. The subsurface algorithms are regenerated after degrading the subsurface measurements by adding increasing levels of Gaussian white noise to determine the amplitude of the additional variability required to ensure equal accuracy between the skin and subsurface products. The required supplemental noise ranges between 0.10 and 0.17 K for all data combined and generally decreases with tighter collocation windows and higher-resolution satellite observations. Variogram analysis and filtering of the in situ measurements suggest that differences in measurement uncertainty between the infrared radiometers and the subsurface sensors can explain 0.07-0.10 K of the required noise, while differences in spatial variability with depth can account for up to 0.07-0.10 K of the residual noise. A key consequence is that spatial averages of the skin temperature over satellite footprints of 2 km or more, while potentially biased in the mean, may exhibit less variance relative to point samples of the subsurface temperature than to the actual radiometric skin temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Castro, Sandra L.; Emery, William J.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA.
[Minnett, Peter J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
[Jessup, Andrew T.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
RP Castro, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, CCAR 431 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM sandrac@colorado.edu
RI Castro, Sandra/A-4979-2012; Jessup, Andrew/E-5625-2017;
OI Emery, William/0000-0002-7598-9082
FU National Oceanography Partnership Project (NOPP); NASA [NNX08AI81G]
FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Oceanography
Partnership Project (NOPP) and the NASA Physical Oceanography Program
(grant NNX08AI81G, E. Lindstrom, Program Manager). We thank the three
anonymous reviewers for the very constructive comments and suggestions.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 11
BP 2666
EP 2678
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.06.003
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 655IE
UT WOS:000282242000023
ER
PT J
AU Wang, YJ
Lyapustin, AI
Privette, JL
Cook, RB
SanthanaVannan, SK
Vermote, EF
Schaaf, CL
AF Wang, Yujie
Lyapustin, Alexei I.
Privette, Jeffrey L.
Cook, Robert B.
SanthanaVannan, Suresh K.
Vermote, Eric F.
Schaaf, Crystal L.
TI Assessment of biases in MODIS surface reflectance due to Lambertian
approximation
SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Surface reflectance; Surface albedo; MODIS; Atmospheric correction;
AERONET; Aeronet based surface reflectance validation network (ASRVN);
Aerosol; Ross-thick-li-sparse BRDF model
ID ALBEDO; LAND; BRDF; RADIOMETER; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS; AERONET; SPACE
AB Using MODIS data and the AERONET-based Surface Reflectance Validation Network (ASRVN), this work studies errors of MODIS atmospheric correction caused by the Lambertian approximation. On one hand, this approximation greatly simplifies the radiative transfer model, reduces the size of the look-up tables, and makes operational algorithm faster. On the other hand, uncompensated atmospheric scattering caused by Lambertian model systematically biases the results. For example, for a typical bowl-shaped bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), the derived reflectance is underestimated at high solar or view zenith angles, where BRDF is high, and is overestimated at low zenith angles where BRDF is low. The magnitude of biases grows with the amount of scattering in the atmosphere, i.e., at shorter wavelengths and at higher aerosol concentration. The slope of regression of lambertian surface reflectance vs. ASRVN bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) is about 0.85 in the red and 0.6 in the green bands. This error propagates into the MODIS BRDF/albedo algorithm, slightly reducing the magnitude of overall reflectance and anisotropy of BRDF. This results in a small negative bias of spectral surface albedo. An assessment for the GSFC (Greenbelt, USA) validation site shows the albedo reduction by 0.004 in the near infrared, 0.005 in the red, and 0.008 in the green MODIS bands. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Wang, Yujie] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Wang, Yujie; Lyapustin, Alexei I.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, GEST Ctr, Catonsville, MD 21228 USA.
[Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA.
[Cook, Robert B.; SanthanaVannan, Suresh K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab DAAC, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
[Vermote, Eric F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Schaaf, Crystal L.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
EM yujie.wang@nasa.gov
RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Vermote, Eric/K-3733-2012; Lyapustin,
Alexei/H-9924-2014;
OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Lyapustin,
Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302
FU NASA [NNX08AE94A]
FX The research of A. Lyapustin and Y. Wang was funded by the NASA
Terrestrial Ecology Program (Dr. Wickland). C. Schaaf was funded by the
NASA grant NNX08AE94A.
NR 31
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 2
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0034-4257
EI 1879-0704
J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON
JI Remote Sens. Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 114
IS 11
BP 2791
EP 2801
DI 10.1016/j.rse.2010.06.013
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic
Technology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
Photographic Technology
GA 655IE
UT WOS:000282242000033
ER
PT J
AU Wetzel, DL
Reynolds, JE
Sprinkel, JM
Schwacke, L
Mercurio, P
Rommel, SA
AF Wetzel, Dana L.
Reynolds, John E., III
Sprinkel, Jay M.
Schwacke, Lori
Mercurio, Philip
Rommel, Sentiel A.
TI Fatty acid profiles as a potential lipidomic biomarker of exposure to
brevetoxin for endangered Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus
latirostris)
SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Manatee; Fatty acid; FASA; Brevetoxin; Biomarker
ID WARM-WATER REFUGES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; KARENIA-BREVIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE;
ALGAL TOXINS; RED TIDE; SEALS; ECOSYSTEMS; METABOLISM; SIGNATURES
AB Fatty acid signature analysis (FASA) is an important tool by which marine mammal scientists gain insight into foraging ecology Fatty acid profiles (resulting from FASA) represent a potential biomarker to assess exposure to natural and anthropogenic stressors Florida manatees are well studied and an excellent necropsy program provides a basis against which to assess this budding tool Results using samples from 54 manatees assigned to four cause-of-death categories indicated that those animals exposed to or that died due to brevetoxin exposure (red tide or RT samples) demonstrate a distinctive hepatic fatty acid profile Discriminant function analysis indicated that hepatic fatty acids could be used to classify RT versus non-RT liver samples with reasonable certainty A discriminant function was derived based on 8 fatty acids which correctly classified 100% of samples from a training dataset (10 RT and 25 non-RT) and 85% of samples in a cross-validation dataset (5 RT and 13 non-RT) Of the latter dataset, all RI samples were correctly classified but two of thirteen non-RT samples were incorrectly classified However the "incorrect" samples came from manatees that died due to other causes during documented red tide outbreaks thus although the proximal cause of death was due to watercraft collisions exposure to brevetoxin may have affected these individuals in ways that increased their vulnerability This use of FASA could a) provide an additional forensic tool to help scientists and managers to understand cause of death or debilitation due to exposure to red tide in manatees b) serve as a model that could be applied to studies to improve assessments of cause of death in other marine mammals and c) be used as in humans to help diagnose metabolic disorders or disease states in manatees and other species (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
C1 [Wetzel, Dana L.; Reynolds, John E., III; Sprinkel, Jay M.; Mercurio, Philip] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
[Schwacke, Lori] NOAA NOS, Charleston, SC 29412 USA.
[Rommel, Sentiel A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Marine Mammal Pathobiol Lab, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA.
RP Wetzel, DL (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
FU Mote Scientific Foundation; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; Reliant
Energy and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC);
US Marine Mammal Commission
FX Support for this study was provided by the Mote Scientific Foundation
the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund the Reliant Energy and the Florida
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) In addition the US
Marine Mammal Commission provided support to Wetzel
NR 55
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0048-9697
J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON
JI Sci. Total Environ.
PD NOV 15
PY 2010
VL 408
IS 24
BP 6124
EP 6133
DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.043
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 691HL
UT WOS:000285070800010
PM 20880571
ER
PT J
AU Ilyushin, VV
Cloessner, EA
Chou, YC
Picraux, LB
Hougen, JT
Lavrich, R
AF Ilyushin, Vadim V.
Cloessner, Emily A.
Chou, Yung-Ching
Picraux, Laura B.
Hougen, Jon T.
Lavrich, Richard
TI A microwave study of hydrogen-transfer-triggered methyl-group rotation
in 5-methyltropolone
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERNAL-ROTATION; PROTON-TRANSFER; SPECTRUM; STATE;
2-METHYLMALONALDEHYDE; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; TROPOLONE; DYNAMICS;
AMINE
AB We present here the first experimental and theoretical study of the microwave spectrum of 5-methyltropolone, which can be visualized as a seven-membered "aromatic" carbon ring with a five-membered hydrogen-bonded cyclic structure at the top and a methyl group at the bottom. The molecule is known from earlier studies in the literature to exhibit two large-amplitude motions, an intramolecular hydrogen transfer and a methyl torsion. The former motion is particularly interesting because transfer of the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl to the carbonyl group induces a tautomerization in the molecule, which then triggers a 60 degrees internal rotation of the methyl group. Measurements were carried out by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy in the 8-24 GHz frequency range. Theoretical analysis was carried out using a tunneling-rotational Hamiltonian based on a G(12)(m) extended-group-theory formalism. Our global fit of 1015 transitions to 20 molecular parameters gave a root-mean-square deviation of 1.5 kHz. The tunneling splitting of the two J=0 levels arising from a hypothetical pure hydrogen-transfer motion is calculated to be 1310 MHz. The tunneling splitting of the two J=0 levels arising from a hypothetical pure methyl top internal-rotation motion is calculated to be 885 MHz. We have also carried out ab initio calculations, which support the structural parameters determined from our spectroscopic analysis and give estimates of the barriers to the two large-amplitude motions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3493336]
C1 [Cloessner, Emily A.; Lavrich, Richard] Coll Charleston, Dept Chem & Biochem, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
[Ilyushin, Vadim V.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine.
[Chou, Yung-Ching] Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Dept Nat Sci, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
[Picraux, Laura B.] Sun Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA.
[Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Lavrich, R (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Dept Chem & Biochem, 66 George St, Charleston, SC 29424 USA.
EM lavrichr@cofc.edu
FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Research Corporation; National Science
Council of Taiwan [NSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2]
FX This program was supported in part by a grant to the College of
Charleston from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute through the
Undergraduate Science Education Program. R. L. thanks Research
Corporation for funding. Y.-C.C. thanks the National Science Council of
Taiwan (Grant No. NSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2) for support and the
National Center for High-performance Computing of Taiwan for computer
time and facilities. V. V. I. expresses his appreciation to Dr. Frank J.
Lovas for guidance with the FTMW measurements at NIST.
NR 22
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 14
PY 2010
VL 133
IS 18
AR 184307
DI 10.1063/1.3493336
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 679OM
UT WOS:000284170700017
PM 21073223
ER
PT J
AU Rivera-Rivera, LA
Wang, ZC
McElmurry, BA
Willaert, FF
Lucchese, RR
Bevan, JW
Suenram, RD
Lovas, FJ
AF Rivera-Rivera, Luis A.
Wang, Zhongcheng
McElmurry, Blake A.
Willaert, Fabrice F.
Lucchese, Robert R.
Bevan, John W.
Suenram, Richard D.
Lovas, Frank J.
TI A ground state morphed intermolecular potential for the hydrogen bonded
and van der Waals isomers in OC:HI and a prediction of an anomalous
deuterium isotope effect
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; NONCOVALENT
INTERACTIONS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITION; 2 FORMS; OC-HCL;
AR; DYNAMICS; COMPLEXES
AB An extended analysis of the noncovalent interaction OC:HI is reported using microwave and infrared supersonic jet spectroscopic techniques. All available spectroscopic data then provide the basis for generating an accurately determined vibrationally complete semiempirical intermolecular potential function using a four-dimensional potential coordinate morphing methodology. These results are consistent with the existence of four bound isomers: OC-HI, OC-IH, CO-HI, and CO-IH. Analysis also leads to unequivocal characterization of the common isotopic ground state as having the OC-HI structure and with the first excited state having the OC-IH structure with an energy of 3.4683(80) cm(-1) above the ground state. The potential is consistent with the following barriers between the pairs of isomers: 382(4) cm(-1) (OC-IH/OC-HI), 294(5) cm(-1) (CO-IH/CO-HI) , 324(3) cm(-1) (OC-IH/CO-IH), and 301(2) cm(-1) (OC-HI/CO-HI) defined with respect to each lower minimum. The potential is also determined to have a linear OC-IH van der Waals global equilibrium minimum structure having R-e=4.180(11) angstrom, theta(1)=0.00(1)degrees, and theta(2)=0.00(1)degrees. This is differentiated from its OC-HI ground state hydrogen bound structure having R-0=4.895(1) angstrom, (theta) over bar (1) =20.48(1)degrees, and (theta) over bar (2)=155.213(1)degrees where the distances are defined between the centers of mass of the monomers and (theta) over bar (1) and (theta) over bar (2) as cos(-1)[< cos(2)theta(i)>(1/2)] for i=1 and 2. A fundamentally new molecular phenomenon - ground state isotopic isomerization is proposed based on the generated semiempirical potential. The protonated ground state hydrogen-bonded OC-HI structure is predicted to be converted on deuteration to the corresponding ground state van der Waals OC-ID isomeric structure. This results in a large anomalous isotope effect in which the R-0 center of mass distance between monomeric components changes from 4.895(1) to 4.286(1) angstrom. Such a proposed isotopic effect is demonstrated to be a consequence of differential zero point energy factors resulting from the shallower nature of hydrogen bonding at a local potential minimum (greater quartic character of the potential) relative to the corresponding van der Waals global minimum. Further consequences of this anomalous deuterium isotope effect are also discussed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3505145]
C1 [Rivera-Rivera, Luis A.; Wang, Zhongcheng; McElmurry, Blake A.; Willaert, Fabrice F.; Lucchese, Robert R.; Bevan, John W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Suenram, Richard D.; Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Rivera-Rivera, LA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM bevan@mail.chem.tamu.edu
RI Bevan, John/B-6529-2015;
OI Bevan, John/0000-0003-0264-6596; Lucchese, Robert/0000-0002-7200-3775
FU National Science Foundation; Laboratory for Submillimeter/Terahertz
Science and Technology, TAMU [DMS-0216275, CHE-0541587, CHE-0613202,
CHE-0911695]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [A-747]; Laboratory for
Molecular Simulation, the Supercomputing Facility; Brazos HPC cluster at
Texas AM University
FX The National Science Foundation and the Laboratory for
Submillimeter/Terahertz Science and Technology, TAMU are thanked for
supporting this research through Grant Nos. DMS-0216275, CHE-0541587,
CHE-0613202, and CHE-0911695. B. A. McElmurry and F. F. Willaert also
thank the Robert A. Welch Foundation for financial support in the form
of predoctoral fellowship under Grant No. A-747. We also thank the
Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, the Supercomputing Facility, and
the Brazos HPC cluster at Texas A&M University for providing support and
computer time. S. A. Cooke is thanked for making available his PN-FTMW
spectrometer and unpublished results prior to publication. Certain
commercial products are identified in this paper in order to specify
adequately the experimental or theoretical procedures. In no case does
such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the
products are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
NR 71
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1,
MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD NOV 14
PY 2010
VL 133
IS 18
AR 184305
DI 10.1063/1.3505145
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 679OM
UT WOS:000284170700015
PM 21073221
ER
PT J
AU Haywood, JM
Jones, A
Clarisse, L
Bourassa, A
Barnes, J
Telford, P
Bellouin, N
Boucher, O
Agnew, P
Clerbaux, C
Coheur, P
Degenstein, D
Braesicke, P
AF Haywood, James M.
Jones, Andy
Clarisse, Lieven
Bourassa, Adam
Barnes, John
Telford, Paul
Bellouin, Nicolas
Boucher, Olivier
Agnew, Paul
Clerbaux, Cathy
Coheur, Pierre
Degenstein, Doug
Braesicke, Peter
TI Observations of the eruption of the Sarychev volcano and simulations
using the HadGEM2 climate model
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ANTHROPOGENIC
SULFATE; OPTICAL-DEPTH; SOOT AEROSOL; PINATUBO; SPECTRA; SO2;
INSTRUMENT; 20TH-CENTURY
AB In June 2009 the Sarychev volcano located in the Kuril Islands to the northeast of Japan erupted explosively, injecting ash and an estimated 1.2 +/- 0.2 Tg of sulfur dioxide into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, making it arguably one of the 10 largest stratospheric injections in the last 50 years. During the period immediately after the eruption, we show that the sulfur dioxide (SO2) cloud was clearly detected by retrievals developed for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite instrument and that the resultant stratospheric sulfate aerosol was detected by the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) limb sounder and CALIPSO lidar. Additional surface-based instrumentation allows assessment of the impact of the eruption on the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. We use a nudged version of the HadGEM2 climate model to investigate how well this state-of-the-science climate model can replicate the distributions of SO2 and sulfate aerosol. The model simulations and OSIRIS measurements suggest that in the Northern Hemisphere the stratospheric aerosol optical depth was enhanced by around a factor of 3 (0.01 at 550 nm), with resultant impacts upon the radiation budget. The simulations indicate that, in the Northern Hemisphere for July 2009, the magnitude of the mean radiative impact from the volcanic aerosols is more than 60% of the direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols put together. While the cooling induced by the eruption will likely not be detectable in the observational record, the combination of modeling and measurements would provide an ideal framework for simulating future larger volcanic eruptions.
C1 [Haywood, James M.; Agnew, Paul] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Haywood, James M.; Jones, Andy; Bellouin, Nicolas; Boucher, Olivier] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Haywood, James M.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England.
[Clarisse, Lieven; Coheur, Pierre] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
[Bourassa, Adam; Degenstein, Doug] Univ Saskatchewan, ISAS, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
[Barnes, John] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Hilo, HI USA.
[Telford, Paul; Braesicke, Peter] Univ Cambridge, NCAS Climate, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Clerbaux, Cathy] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS INSU, LATMOS IPSL, F-75005 Paris, France.
RP Haywood, JM (reprint author), Met Off, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
EM jim.haywood@metoffice.gov.uk
RI Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Clarisse, Lieven/C-3933-2011; Boucher,
Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Braesicke,
Peter/D-8330-2016; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013;
OI Clarisse, Lieven/0000-0002-8805-2141; Boucher,
Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Bellouin,
Nicolas/0000-0003-2109-9559
FU UK's National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS); EU
[SCOUT-O3(505390-GOCE-CT-2004)]; CNES; F.R.S.-FNRS [M.I.S. nF.4511.08];
Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural
Affairs; European Space Agency (ESA-Prodex arrangements) [C90-327];
DECC/DEFRA [GA01101]
FX The work developing the nudging scheme was supported by the UK's
National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). We also acknowledge
support through the EU FP6 Integrated Programme,
SCOUT-O3(505390-GOCE-CT-2004). The IASI mission is a joint mission of
Eumetsat and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France).
J.H., A.J., N.B., and O.B. were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra
Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/DEFRA (GA01101). C. C. is grateful to
CNES for scientific collaboration and financial support. L. C. is
Scientific Research Worker (Collaborateur Scientifique) with
F.R.S.-FNRS. The research in Belgium was funded by the F.R.S.-FNRS
(M.I.S. nF.4511.08), the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific,
Technical and Cultural Affairs, and the European Space Agency
(ESA-Prodex arrangements C90-327). We acknowledge Paul Berrisford and
the ECMWF for provision of the ECMWF operational analysis data. We would
like to thank Brent Holben for maintaining the AERONET site and
providing the AERONET data, NASA for providing the CALIPSO images, and
Alan Robock for his useful comments on an earlier version of this work.
NR 62
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U1 4
U2 38
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 13
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D21212
DI 10.1029/2010JD014447
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680GN
UT WOS:000284220500001
ER
PT J
AU Rykaczewski, RR
Dunne, JP
AF Rykaczewski, Ryan R.
Dunne, John P.
TI Enhanced nutrient supply to the California Current Ecosystem with global
warming and increased stratification in an earth system model
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; PRODUCTIVITY; SIMULATION; PACIFIC; FUTURE;
WATERS; SHIFT
AB A leading hypothesis relating productivity with climate variability in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) describes an alternation between warmer, well-stratified periods of low productivity and cooler periods of high productivity. This empirical relationship suggests that productivity will decline with global warming. Here, we explore the response of productivity to future climate change in the CCE using an earth system model. This model projects increases in nitrate supply and productivity in the CCE during the 21st century despite increases in stratification and limited change in wind-driven upwelling. We attribute the increased nitrate supply to enrichment of deep source waters entering the CCE resulting from decreased ventilation of the North Pacific. Decreases in dissolved-oxygen concentration and increasing acidification accompany projected increases in nitrate. This analysis illustrates that anthropogenic climate change may be unlike past variability; empirical relationships based on historical observations may be inappropriate for projecting ecosystem responses to future climate change. Citation: Rykaczewski, R. R., and J. P. Dunne (2010), Enhanced nutrient supply to the California Current Ecosystem with global warming and increased stratification in an earth system model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21606, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045019.
C1 [Rykaczewski, Ryan R.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
[Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Rykaczewski, RR (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Visiting Scientist Programs, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
EM rrykacze@ucar.edu
RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016
OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X
FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service; GFDL
FX We thank Charles Stock, Ronald Stouffer, Keith Dixon, Anand
Gnanadesikan, William Peterson, Frank Schwing, and Jonathan Phinney for
comments and Jasmin John for technical expertise. Ann Gargett and an
anonymous reviewer provided valuable criticism. We are grateful to
NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and GFDL for support.
NR 26
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U1 1
U2 33
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 12
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L21606
DI 10.1029/2010GL045019
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 680FO
UT WOS:000284218000001
ER
PT J
AU Shevchenko, IG
Sergeev, V
Kubyshkina, M
Angelopoulos, V
Glassmeier, KH
Singer, HJ
AF Shevchenko, I. G.
Sergeev, V.
Kubyshkina, M.
Angelopoulos, V.
Glassmeier, K. H.
Singer, H. J.
TI Estimation of magnetosphere-ionosphere mapping accuracy using isotropy
boundary and THEMIS observations
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CURRENT SHEET; PLASMA SHEET; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; TAIL;
SCATTERING; ALGORITHM; B2I
AB It is difficult to establish the degree to which global magnetospheric mapping models are accurate, because there exists no definitive, independent method of validating such models. Toward that end we use the isotropy boundary (IB) of precipitation of energetic particles, as determined by low-altitude spacecraft. These particles are observed at ionospheric altitudes but their precipitation is governed by the magnetic field near the equator. Precipitating and trapped fluxes measured at the ionosphere can thus be used to determine the equatorial field strength, which can in turn be compared with predictions of magnetospheric models. By using hundreds of IB observations at the ionosphere during THEMIS major tail conjunctions in 2008 we report on the mapping accuracy obtained using three models: T96, AM-01, and AM-02. The first model is driven by the simultaneous solar wind and Dst measurements, whereas the latter two are obtained by fitting model data to THEMIS observations. The AM-02 and T96 models show comparable agreement with proton IB locations, with error estimates of about 1 in latitude. However, the AM-02 outperforms T96 in predicting electron IB locations. Mapping errors increase with magnetic activity and have significant magnetic local time dependence. We conclude that event-based magnetospheric models can be as good as or better than solar wind-based models, provided that a number of distributed magnetotail spacecraft are used to constrain model parameters.
C1 [Shevchenko, I. G.; Sergeev, V.; Kubyshkina, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
[Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Glassmeier, K. H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
[Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Shevchenko, IG (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Fac Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia.
EM i.g.shevchenko@gmail.com
RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013
OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Sergeev,
Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631
FU NASA [NNX08AD85G, NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and
Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302];
Russian Ministry of Education and Science; CRDF [RUG1-2861-ST-07]; RFBR
[10-05-91163, 10-05-00223]; EU [263325]
FX Energetic particle observations from NOAA-POES spacecraft (D. Evans, PI)
are made available by NOAA and OMNI interplanetary data are available
via http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. We acknowledge NASA contracts
NNX08AD85G and NAS5-02099, the German Ministry for Economy and
Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR), contract
50 OC 0302. The work by I. S., V. S., and M. K. was supported by the
Russian Ministry of Education and Science grants, by CRDF grant
RUG1-2861-ST-07, by RFBR grants 10-05-91163 and 10-05-00223, and by EU
grant 263325. We thank M. Holeva and Judy Hohl for help with preparation
of this paper.
NR 19
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U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD NOV 12
PY 2010
VL 115
AR A11206
DI 10.1029/2010JA015354
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA 680IH
UT WOS:000284225100001
ER
PT J
AU Marchuk, O
Ralchenko, Y
Janev, RK
Delabie, E
Biel, W
Urnov, A
AF Marchuk, O.
Ralchenko, Yu.
Janev, R. K.
Delabie, E.
Biel, W.
Urnov, A.
TI Non-statistical populations of magnetic sublevels of hydrogen beam atoms
in fusion plasmas
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1st International Conference on Frontiers in Diagnostic Technologies
CY NOV 25-29, 2009
CL Frascati, ITALY
SP ENEA, INFN
DE Motional Stark effect; Parabolic states; Eikonal approximation
ID EXCITED-STATE; COLLISIONS; EMISSION; IMPACT; APPROXIMATION; TRANSITIONS;
IONIZATION; EXCITATION; DEUTERIUM; FIELD
AB Emission of spectral lines from the excited states of neutral beam atoms in fusion plasmas is the basis of beam emission spectroscopy and motional Stark effect diagnostics. It is well known that the measured intensities of Stark multiplet lines between the n=3 and 2 excited states of hydrogen systematically deviate from the full statistical model. Here we study the H-alpha Stark component intensities using a newly developed collisional-radiative model that is based on the description of magnetic sublevels in a parabolic basis. Proton excitation cross-sections between the parabolic states are calculated in the Glauber (eikonal) approximation. The model incorporates various collisional processes between the hydrogen beam atoms and plasma particles (protons, impurity ions and electrons) as well as the radiative processes. The simulated line component ratios sigma(1)/sigma(0), pi(2)/pi(3) and pi(4)/pi(3) are found to agree with the measured ratios from JET plasmas within the experimental uncertainties. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Marchuk, O.; Janev, R. K.; Biel, W.] Forschungszentrum Jlich GmbH, Inst Plasmaphys Energieforsch 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Ralchenko, Yu.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA.
[Delabie, E.] EURATOM, FOM, FOM Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
[Urnov, A.] PN Lebedev Inst RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia.
[Urnov, A.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia.
RP Marchuk, O (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Jlich GmbH, Inst Plasmaphys Energieforsch 4, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
EM o.marchuk@fz-juelich.de
RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016;
OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Biel, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6617-6533
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
Equip.
PD NOV 11
PY 2010
VL 623
IS 2
BP 738
EP 740
DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.008
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 681TV
UT WOS:000284343600023
ER
PT J
AU Deng, L
Hagley, EW
AF Deng, L.
Hagley, E. W.
TI Collective atomic recoil motion in short-pulse matter-wave superradiance
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; LIGHT-SCATTERING;
AMPLIFICATION
AB We show that a Bragg resonance is substantially incapacitated in short-pulse, matter-wave superradiant scatterings and both positive- and negative-order scatterings contribute equally. We further show that propagation gain is small and scattering events primarily occur at the ends of the condensate where the generated field has maximum strength. This explains the apparent "asymmetry" in the scattered components with respect to the condensate center. In contrast to long-pulse excitation, we prove that the generated field travels near the speed of light in vacuum and show that this has a significant impact on scattering. Finally, we show that when the excitation rate increases, the front-edge steepening and forward shifting of the peak of the generated field are due to depletion of the condensate.
C1 [Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Deng, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
RP Deng, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD NOV 11
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 5
AR 053613
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.053613
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA 678NX
UT WOS:000284087500005
ER
PT J
AU Cheng, JCP
Law, KH
Bjornsson, H
Jones, A
Sriram, RD
AF Cheng, Jack C. P.
Law, Kincho H.
Bjornsson, Hans
Jones, Albert
Sriram, Ram D.
TI Modeling and monitoring of construction supply chains
SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Construction supply chain; Supply chain performance measurement; Service
oriented architecture; Model-based approach; Web services
ID PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT; METRICS; FRAMEWORK
AB The planning and management of supply chains require properly specifying the participating members and the relationships among them. Construction supply chains usually consist of numerous participants and are complex in structure Representing construction supply chains using a network model can help understand the complexity, support re-configuration, identify the bottlenecks, and prioritize company's resources, as well as add values to the management of construction projects. Using a case example on the mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) processes in a construction project, this paper demonstrates the modeling of construction supply chains using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework developed by the Supply Chain Council (SCC). The SCOR modeling framework provides a structured and systematic way to model and decompose a supply chain from conceptual representation to process element specification. The SCOR framework is commonly used by corporations for strategic planning of their supply chains This paper further presents a model-based service oriented framework that leverages the SCOR models for performance monitoring of construction supply chains. In the supply chain management and monitoring framework each supply chain process element is implemented as a discrete web service component The framework is built on a service oriented collaborative system. namely SC Collaborator, that we have developed using web service technology, open standards, and open source technologies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
C1 [Cheng, Jack C. P.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Law, Kincho H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Informat Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
[Bjornsson, Hans] Chalmers, Sch Technol Management & Econ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
[Jones, Albert; Sriram, Ram D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Cheng, JCP (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
OI Cheng, Jack/0000-0002-1722-2617
FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMS-0601167]; Center for
Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) at Stanford University; National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the supports by the US National
Science Foundation (NSF), Grant No. CMS-0601167, the Center for
Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) at Stanford University, and the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The first author
at Stanford University would like to thank DPR Construction and the
anonymous subcontractors for their time and data for the case example
presented in this paper. Any opinions and findings are those of the
authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, CIFE, or NIST.
No approval or endorsement of any commercial product by NIST. NSF, or
Stanford University is intended or implied.
NR 39
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Z9 11
U1 5
U2 39
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1474-0346
J9 ADV ENG INFORM
JI Adv. Eng. Inform.
PD NOV 10
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 4
SI SI
BP 435
EP 455
DI 10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.009
PG 21
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 670EL
UT WOS:000283403900007
ER
PT J
AU Bock, C
Zha, XF
Hyo-Won, S
Lee, JH
AF Bock, Conrad
Zha, XuanFang
Suh, Hyo-Won
Lee, Jae-Hyun
TI Ontological product modeling for collaborative design
SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Product modeling languages; Ontology; Collaborative design
ID SPECIAL-ISSUE; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEM; STEP
AB This paper shows how to combine ontological and model-based techniques in languages that facilitate collaborative design exploration The proposed approach uses ontology to capture alternative designs and incremental refinements that meet requirements and earlier design commitments. Model-based techniques are applied to develop more powerful, engineering-friendly languages for using ontology It uses ontology's open world semantics to support design collaboration with flexible and accurate design combination, refinement, and consistency checking. It also leads to more reliable interpretation of models across the product lifecycle due to more rigorous language semantics. An example language is described using these techniques Published by Elsevier Ltd
C1 [Bock, Conrad; Zha, XuanFang; Lee, Jae-Hyun] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Suh, Hyo-Won] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
RP Bock, C (reprint author), US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
NR 50
TC 33
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U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1474-0346
J9 ADV ENG INFORM
JI Adv. Eng. Inform.
PD NOV 10
PY 2010
VL 24
IS 4
SI SI
BP 510
EP 524
DI 10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.011
PG 15
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering,
Multidisciplinary
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA 670EL
UT WOS:000283403900013
ER
PT J
AU Srinivasan, M
Grant, WE
Swannack, TM
Rajan, J
AF Srinivasan, Mridula
Grant, William E.
Swannack, Todd M.
Rajan, Jolly
TI Behavioral games involving a clever prey avoiding a clever predator: An
individual-based model of dusky dolphins and killer whales
SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE Indirect predation risk; Foraging costs; Predator-prey interactions;
Spatially-explicit individual-based model; Killer whales; Dusky dolphins
ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ORCINUS-ORCA; LAGENORHYNCHUS-OBSCURUS;
DECISION-MAKING; NEW-ZEALAND; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL VARIATION;
HABITAT SELECTION; MARINE MAMMALS; WAITING GAME
AB Faced with an intermittent but potent threat, animals exhibit behavior that allows them to balance foraging needs and avoid predators and over time, these behaviors can become hard-wired adaptations with both species trying to maximize their own fitness. In systems where both predator and prey share similar sensory modalities and cognitive abilities, such as with marine mammals, the dynamic nature of predator-prey interactions is poorly understood. The costs and benefits of these anti-predator adaptations need to be evaluated and quantified based on the dynamic engagement of predator and prey. Many theoretic models have addressed the complexity of predator-prey relationships, but few have translated into testable mechanistic models. In this study, we developed a spatially-explicit, geo-referenced, individual-based model of a prototypical adult dusky dolphin off Kaikoura, New Zealand facing a more powerful, yet infrequent predator, the killer whale. We were interested in two primary objectives, (1) to capture the varying behavioral game between a clever prey and clever predator based on our current understanding of the Kaikoura system, (2) to compare evolutionary costs vs. benefits (foraging time and number of predator encounters) for an adult non-maternal dusky dolphin at various levels of killer whale-avoidance behaviors and no avoidance rules. We conducted Monte Carlo simulations to address model performance and parametric uncertainty. Mantel tests revealed an 88% correlation (426 x 426 distance matrix, km(2)) between observed field sightings of dusky dolphins with model generated sightings for non-maternal adult dusky dolphin groups. Simulation results indicated that dusky dolphins incur a 2.7% loss in feeding time by evolving the anti-predator behavior of moving to and from the feeding grounds. Further, each evolutionary strategy we explored resulted in dolphins incurring an additional loss of foraging time. At low killer whale densities (appearing less than once every 3 days), each evolutionary strategy simulated converged towards the evolutionary cost of foraging, that is, the loss in foraging time approached the 2.7% loss experienced by evolving near shore-offshore movement behavior. However, the highest level of killer whale presence resulted in 38% decreases in foraging time. The biological significance of these losses potentially incurred by a dusky dolphin is dependent on various factors from dolphin group foraging behavior and individual energy needs to dolphin prey availability and behavior. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Srinivasan, Mridula; Grant, William E.; Swannack, Todd M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Ecol Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Srinivasan, M (reprint author), NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM mridula.srinivasan@noaa.gov
FU Earthwatch; Mooney Foundation; Texas A & M Galveston Office of Research
and Graduate Studies; Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences,
Texas A & M University, College Station
FX We thank Drs. B. Wursig, J. Packard, and X.B. Wu for their expertise,
advice, and support throughout the project. The manuscript was greatly
improved by comments by B. Wursig and Leigh Torres. The senior author
gratefully acknowledges the support of all the Earthwatch volunteers who
helped in data collection efforts. Thanks also to Sierra Deutsch and
Jennifer Bennett for research assistance and field support. We thank
NIWA for providing valuable bathymetry data. Special thanks to I.
Bradshaw, Dennis Buurman, L. Buurman and Dolphin Encounter for their
field support and for providing crucial dolphin and killer whale tour
boat data. Funding for this project was provided by Earthwatch, Mooney
Foundation, Texas A & M Galveston Office of Research and Graduate
Studies, and through various travel and research grants from the
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University,
College Station.
NR 82
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3800
J9 ECOL MODEL
JI Ecol. Model.
PD NOV 10
PY 2010
VL 221
IS 22
BP 2687
EP 2698
DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.07.010
PG 12
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 667QU
UT WOS:000283209500009
ER
PT J
AU Schroeder, W
Csiszar, I
Giglio, L
Schmidt, CC
AF Schroeder, Wilfrid
Csiszar, Ivan
Giglio, Louis
Schmidt, Christopher C.
TI On the use of fire radiative power, area, and temperature estimates to
characterize biomass burning via moderate to coarse spatial resolution
remote sensing data in the Brazilian Amazon
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID POINT-SPREAD FUNCTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; ETM PLUS; MODIS; SATELLITE;
EMISSIONS; PRODUCTS; ASTER; VALIDATION; ALGORITHM
AB Spaceborne instruments provide a unique view of global vegetation fire activity many times a day. In this study, we assessed the fire characterization information provided by two major products: the Terra and Aqua MODIS Thermal Anomalies product (MOD14 and MYD14, respectively) and the Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) product derived from GOES East Imager. Using higher spatial resolution imagery data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instruments, we analyzed the characterization of subpixel fires detected by MOD14, MYD14, and WF_ABBA over parts of Brazilian Amazonia. Our results suggest that MODIS and GOES fire radiative power (FRP) estimates derived for individual fire-pixel clusters are subject to errors due to the effects of the point spread function of those instruments (underestimation of up to 75%), improper fire background characterization (overestimation of up to 80% assuming a 10 K cold bias in background temperature), and omission of small fire lines. Detection limits were approximately 11 and 9 MW for MOD14 and MYD14, respectively, and were equivalent to 27 and 19 MW for WF_ABBA data acquired coincidently with MOD14 and MYD14, respectively. We found a positive correlation between FRP and percentage tree cover indicating that FRP is sensitive to biomass density. Fire area and temperature estimates derived from the application of Dozier's (1981) approach to GOES data did not agree with our reference data (i.e., ASTER and ETM+ active fire masks and in situ fire temperature data), suggesting that large and variable errors could affect the retrieval of those parameters.
C1 [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Csiszar, Ivan] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
[Giglio, Louis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA.
[Schmidt, Christopher C.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM wilfrid.schroeder@noaa.gov
RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010
FU NASA [NNG05GP77H]
FX This work was supported by NASA Headquarters under the Earth and Space
Science Fellowship Program grant NNG05GP77H, NASA LBA-Eco Phase III, and
EOS/NPP programs. We thank X. Xiong for providing MODIS instrument
characterization data used in this study.
NR 35
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 10
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D21121
DI 10.1029/2009JD013769
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680GK
UT WOS:000284220200002
ER
PT J
AU McKagan, SB
Perkins, KK
Wieman, CE
AF McKagan, S. B.
Perkins, K. K.
Wieman, C. E.
TI Design and validation of the Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS; ENERGY
AB The Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey (QMCS) is a 12-question survey of students' conceptual understanding of quantum mechanics. It is intended to be used to measure the relative effectiveness of different instructional methods in modern physics courses. In this paper, we describe the design and validation of the survey, a process that included observations of students, a review of previous literature and textbooks and syllabi, faculty and student interviews, and statistical analysis. We also discuss issues in the development of specific questions, which may be useful both for instructors who wish to use the QMCS in their classes and for researchers who wish to conduct further research of student understanding of quantum mechanics. The QMCS has been most thoroughly tested in, and is most appropriate for assessment of (as a posttest only), sophomore=level modern physics courses. We also describe testing with students in junior quantum courses and graduate quantum courses, from which we conclude that the QMCS may be appropriate for assessing junior quantum courses, but is not appropriate for assessing graduate courses. One surprising result of our faculty interviews is a lack of faculty consensus on what topics should be taught in modern physics, which has made designing a test that is valued by a majority of physics faculty more difficult than expected.
C1 [McKagan, S. B.; Wieman, C. E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[McKagan, S. B.; Wieman, C. E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perkins, K. K.; Wieman, C. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Wieman, C. E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
RP McKagan, SB (reprint author), Amer Assoc Phys Teachers, Seattle, WA 98144 USA.
FU NSF; University of Colorado Science Education Initiative
FX We thank the Physics Education Research Group at the University of
Colorado for extensive feedback on all aspects of the development of
this survey. This work was supported by the NSF and the University of
Colorado Science Education Initiative.
NR 54
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1554-9178
J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-PH
JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Phys. Educ. R.
PD NOV 10
PY 2010
VL 6
IS 2
AR 020121
DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.6.020121
PG 17
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Education & Educational Research
GA 678DZ
UT WOS:000284054300001
ER
PT J
AU Bostrom, BL
Jones, TT
Hastings, M
Jones, DR
AF Bostrom, Brian L.
Jones, T. Todd
Hastings, Mervin
Jones, David R.
TI Behaviour and Physiology: The Thermal Strategy of Leatherback Turtles
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-TURTLES; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; TEMPERATURE;
ECTOTHERMS; ENDOTHERMY; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; NICHE; WATER
AB Background: Adult leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) exhibit thermal gradients between their bodies and the environment of >= 8 degrees C in sub-polar waters and <= 4 degrees C in the tropics. There has been no direct evidence for thermoregulation in leatherbacks although modelling and morphological studies have given an indication of how thermoregulation may be achieved.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We show for the first time that leatherbacks are indeed capable of thermoregulation from studies on juvenile leatherbacks of 16 and 37 kg. In cold water (< 25 degrees C), flipper stroke frequency increased, heat loss through the plastron, carapace and flippers was minimized, and a positive thermal gradient of up to 2.3 degrees C was maintained between body and environment. In warm water (25 - 31 degrees C), turtles were inactive and heat loss through their plastron, carapace and flippers increased. The thermal gradient was minimized (0.5 degrees C). Using a scaling model, we estimate that a 300 kg adult leatherback is able to maintain a maximum thermal gradient of 18.2 degrees C in cold sub-polar waters.
Conclusions/Significance: In juvenile leatherbacks, heat gain is controlled behaviourally by increasing activity while heat flux is regulated physiologically, presumably by regulation of blood flow distribution. Hence, harnessing physiology and behaviour allows leatherbacks to keep warm while foraging in cold sub-polar waters and to prevent overheating in a tropical environment.
C1 [Bostrom, Brian L.; Jones, T. Todd; Jones, David R.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[Jones, T. Todd] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Kewalo Res Facil, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Bostrom, BL (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
EM bbostrom@interchange.ubc.ca
FU NSERC
FX This work was supported by a NSERC Discovery Grant to David R. Jones
(http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/). The funders had no role in the study
design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
NR 24
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 43
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD NOV 10
PY 2010
VL 5
IS 11
AR e13925
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0013925
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 677ZN
UT WOS:000284036800016
PM 21085716
ER
PT J
AU Kidston, J
Vallis, GK
AF Kidston, J.
Vallis, G. K.
TI Relationship between eddy-driven jet latitude and width
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB [1] The relationship between the latitude and the width of the eddy-driven jet is examined. We find that there is strong correlation between jet latitude and jet width, with jets located towards the pole being broader. The broadening of the jet with increased latitude appears to be a consequence of increased barotropic instability. When the jet is located towards the pole, the reduced planetary vorticity gradient is more easily overwhelmed by the negative relative vorticity gradient on the flanks of the jet, and this allows a horizontal shear instability to occur. Enstrophy diagnostics show that when the condition of a negative vorticity gradient is met, the effects of barotropic instability are indeed more prevalent. Citation: Kidston, J., and G. K. Vallis (2010), Relationship between eddy-driven jet latitude and width, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21809, doi:10.1029/2010GL044849.
C1 [Kidston, J.; Vallis, G. K.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
RP Kidston, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM joseph.kidston@noaa.gov; gkv@princeton.edu
FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA [NA07OAR4310320]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the helpful suggestions of two anonymous
reviewers. We acknowledge the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and
Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled
Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3
multi-model dataset. Support of this dataset is provided by the Office
of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge partial
support from NOAA grant NA07OAR4310320.
NR 12
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 9
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L21809
DI 10.1029/2010GL044849
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 680FI
UT WOS:000284217400003
ER
PT J
AU Wang, SY
Clark, AJ
AF Wang, Shih-Yu
Clark, Adam J.
TI Quasi-decadal spectral peaks of tropical western Pacific SSTs as a
precursor for tropical cyclone threat
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PACIFIC; POWER DISSIPATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; INTENSITY;
MONSOON
AB [1] A recent study identified significant spectral peaks in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at quasi-decadal frequency bands, which were unique to the tropical western Pacific (TWP). Using the multitaper method for spectral and coherence analysis, this study finds that the TWP SSTs at these quasi-decadal time scales are coherent with western Pacific tropical cyclone threat [as measured by the power dissipation index (PDI)], but that the PDI lags TWP SSTs by about two years. Thus, the quasi-decadal peaks in TWP SSTs may be a precursor for enhanced tropical cyclone threat two years later. Composite analyses are shown to illustrate how areal tropical cyclone frequencies and relevant atmospheric fields evolve following the quasi-decadal peaks in TWP SSTs. The fields during peak PDI years strongly resemble those observed during El Nino events. Citation: Wang, S.-Y., and A. J. Clark (2010), Quasi-decadal spectral peaks of tropical western Pacific SSTs as a precursor for tropical cyclone threat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21810, doi:10.1029/2010GL044709.
C1 [Wang, Shih-Yu] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
[Clark, Adam J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA.
RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM simon.wang@usu.edu
RI Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010
FU Utah Climate Center, Utah State University; National Research Council
FX Valuable comments offered by Kerry Emanuel are appreciated. S.Y.W. is
supported by the Utah Climate Center, Utah State University, while
A.J.C. is supported through a National Research Council Post-doctoral
Award.
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 9
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L21810
DI 10.1029/2010GL044709
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 680FI
UT WOS:000284217400001
ER
PT J
AU Chevallier, F
Ciais, P
Conway, TJ
Aalto, T
Anderson, BE
Bousquet, P
Brunke, EG
Ciattaglia, L
Esaki, Y
Frohlich, M
Gomez, A
Gomez-Pelaez, AJ
Haszpra, L
Krummel, PB
Langenfelds, RL
Leuenberger, M
Machida, T
Maignan, F
Matsueda, H
Morgui, JA
Mukai, H
Nakazawa, T
Peylin, P
Ramonet, M
Rivier, L
Sawa, Y
Schmidt, M
Steele, LP
Vay, SA
Vermeulen, AT
Wofsy, S
Worthy, D
AF Chevallier, F.
Ciais, P.
Conway, T. J.
Aalto, T.
Anderson, B. E.
Bousquet, P.
Brunke, E. G.
Ciattaglia, L.
Esaki, Y.
Froehlich, M.
Gomez, A.
Gomez-Pelaez, A. J.
Haszpra, L.
Krummel, P. B.
Langenfelds, R. L.
Leuenberger, M.
Machida, T.
Maignan, F.
Matsueda, H.
Morgui, J. A.
Mukai, H.
Nakazawa, T.
Peylin, P.
Ramonet, M.
Rivier, L.
Sawa, Y.
Schmidt, M.
Steele, L. P.
Vay, S. A.
Vermeulen, A. T.
Wofsy, S.
Worthy, D.
TI CO2 surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21 year
reanalysis of atmospheric measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSPORT; MODEL; INVERSION; LAND
AB This paper documents a global Bayesian variational inversion of CO2 surface fluxes during the period 1988-2008. Weekly fluxes are estimated on a 3.75 degrees x 2.5 degrees (longitude-latitude) grid throughout the 21 years. The assimilated observations include 128 station records from three large data sets of surface CO2 mixing ratio measurements. A Monte Carlo approach rigorously quantifies the theoretical uncertainty of the inverted fluxes at various space and time scales, which is particularly important for proper interpretation of the inverted fluxes. Fluxes are evaluated indirectly against two independent CO2 vertical profile data sets constructed from aircraft measurements in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere. The skill of the inversion is evaluated by the improvement brought over a simple benchmark flux estimation based on the observed atmospheric growth rate. Our error analysis indicates that the carbon budget from the inversion should be more accurate than the a priori carbon budget by 20% to 60% for terrestrial fluxes aggregated at the scale of subcontinental regions in the Northern Hemisphere and over a year, but the inversion cannot clearly distinguish between the regional carbon budgets within a continent. On the basis of the independent observations, the inversion is seen to improve the fluxes compared to the benchmark: the atmospheric simulation of CO2 with the Bayesian inversion method is better by about 1 ppm than the benchmark in the free troposphere, despite possible systematic transport errors. The inversion achieves this improvement by changing the regional fluxes over land at the seasonal and at the interannual time scales.
C1 [Chevallier, F.; Ciais, P.; Bousquet, P.; Maignan, F.; Peylin, P.; Ramonet, M.; Rivier, L.; Schmidt, M.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Aalto, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland.
[Anderson, B. E.; Vay, S. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.
[Brunke, E. G.] S African Weather Serv, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
[Ciattaglia, L.] ICES CNR IDAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Esaki, Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan.
[Froehlich, M.] Umweltbundesamt GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
[Gomez, A.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
[Gomez-Pelaez, A. J.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain, E-38071 Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain.
[Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary.
[Krummel, P. B.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
[Leuenberger, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Leuenberger, M.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
[Machida, T.; Mukai, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Matsueda, H.; Sawa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
[Morgui, J. A.] Lab Recerca Clima, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
[Nakazawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9818555, Japan.
[Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands.
[Wofsy, S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Worthy, D.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
RP Chevallier, F (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, IPSL, Bat 701, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
EM frederic.chevallier@lsce.ipsl.fr
RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Krummel,
Paul/A-4293-2013; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Aalto,
Tuula/P-6183-2014; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Gomez-Pelaez,
Angel/L-9268-2015; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Chevallier,
Frederic/E-9608-2016; Leuenberger, Markus/K-9655-2016
OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678;
Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787;
Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/0000-0003-4881-2975; Chevallier,
Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Leuenberger, Markus/0000-0003-4299-6793
FU GENCI- (CCRT/CINES/IDRIS) [2009- t2009012201]; European Commission
[212196, 218793]
FX This work was performed using HPC resources from GENCI-
(CCRT/CINES/IDRIS; grant 2009- t2009012201). It was cofunded by the
European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme
(grant agreements 212196, COCOS, and 218793, MACC). The authors are very
grateful to the many people involved in the surface and aircraft
measurement and in the archiving of these data. All PIs have been
contacted and were offered coauthorship. The authors also acknowledge
the fruitful discussions with Peter Rayner and Fran ois-Marie Breon
(LSCE) about many aspects related to this study and the constructive
comments made by three anonymous reviewers.
NR 35
TC 85
Z9 85
U1 3
U2 22
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 9
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D21307
DI 10.1029/2010JD013887
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 680FZ
UT WOS:000284219100003
ER
PT J
AU Artuso, RD
Bryant, GW
AF Artuso, Ryan D.
Bryant, Garnett W.
TI Strongly coupled quantum dot-metal nanoparticle systems: Exciton-induced
transparency, discontinuous response, and suppression as driven quantum
oscillator effects
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASMON INTERACTION; HYBRID EXCITONS; MOLECULES
AB We probe the transition to bistability that exists in a hybrid metal nanoparticle and semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) system when they are strongly coupled. In particular, we see a discontinuous jump in the response of the system (in both the diagonal and off-diagonal density-matrix elements) and a SQD response that is highly suppressed above resonance in this transition region. This discontinuous response and suppression arise because the SQD acts as a driven (quantum) oscillator. The phase change at resonance drastically alters the hybrid response when crossing the resonance. The study of this transition region, the discontinuity, and the suppression phenomena provides different insights into understanding this system, predicts a more complicated behavior than previously thought and corrects earlier work where the transition region was absent.
C1 [Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Artuso, Ryan D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Bryant, Garnett W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Artuso, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM artuso@umd.edu
NR 22
TC 84
Z9 84
U1 1
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV 9
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 19
AR 195419
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.195419
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 677MD
UT WOS:000283995600012
ER
PT J
AU Wheeler, D
Warren, JA
Boettinger, WJ
AF Wheeler, Daniel
Warren, James A.
Boettinger, William J.
TI Modeling the early stages of reactive wetting
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFUSE-INTERFACE; DYNAMICS; SOLIDIFICATION; LIQUIDS; SURFACE; DROPS;
CU; SIMULATION; KINETICS; ALLOY
AB Recent experimental studies of molten metal droplets wetting high-temperature reactive substrates have established that the majority of triple-line motion occurs when inertial effects are dominant. In light of these studies, this paper investigates wetting and spreading on reactive substrates when inertial effects are dominant using a thermodynamically derived diffuse interface model of a binary three-phase material. The liquid-vapor transition is modeled using a van der Waals diffuse interface approach, while the solid-fluid transition is modeled using a phase field approach. The results from the simulations demonstrate an O(t(-1/2)) spreading rate during the inertial regime and oscillations in the triple-line position when the metal droplet transitions from inertial to diffusive spreading. It is found that the spreading extent is reduced by enhancing dissolution by manipulating the initial liquid composition. The results from the model exhibit good qualitative and quantitative agreement with a number of recent experimental studies of high-temperature droplet spreading, particularly experiments of copper droplets spreading on silicon substrates. Analysis of the numerical data from the model suggests that the extent and rate of spreading are regulated by the spreading coefficient calculated from a force balance based on a plausible definition of the instantaneous interface energies. A number of contemporary publications have discussed the likely dissipation mechanism in spreading droplets. Thus, we examine the dissipation mechanism using the entropy-production field and determine that dissipation primarily occurs in the locality of the triple-line region during the inertial stage but extends along the solid-liquid interface region during the diffusive stage.
C1 [Wheeler, Daniel; Warren, James A.; Boettinger, William J.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Wheeler, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM daniel.wheeler@nist.gov
RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009; Warren, James/B-1698-2008
OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206
NR 43
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 26
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1539-3755
EI 1550-2376
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD NOV 9
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 5
AR 051601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.051601
PN 1
PG 14
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 677NK
UT WOS:000283998900006
PM 21230482
ER
PT J
AU Churnside, AB
King, GM
Perkins, TT
AF Churnside, Allison B.
King, Gavin M.
Perkins, Thomas T.
TI Label-free optical imaging of membrane patches for atomic force
microscopy
SO OPTICS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTEINS; FILMS; AFM; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; LOCALIZATION; REGISTRATION;
SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; TRACKING
AB In atomic force microscopy (AFM), finding sparsely distributed regions of interest can be difficult and time-consuming. Typically, the tip is scanned until the desired object is located. This process can mechanically or chemically degrade the tip, as well as damage fragile biological samples. Protein assemblies can be detected using the back-scattered light from a focused laser beam. We previously used back-scattered light from a pair of laser foci to stabilize an AFM. In the present work, we integrate these techniques to optically image patches of purple membranes prior to AFM investigation. These rapidly acquired optical images were aligned to the subsequent AFM images to similar to 40 nm, since the tip position was aligned to the optical axis of the imaging laser. Thus, this label-free imaging efficiently locates sparsely distributed protein assemblies for subsequent AFM study while simultaneously minimizing degradation of the tip and the sample. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
C1 [Churnside, Allison B.; King, Gavin M.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Churnside, Allison B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Churnside, AB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu
FU NIH [T32 GM-065103]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the
Scientific Interface; National Science Foundation [DBI-0923544,
Phy-0551010]; NIST
FX The authors acknowledge Louisa Eberle and Duc Nguyen for assistance.
This work was supported by an NIH Molecular Biophysics Training
Scholarship (ABC, T32 GM-065103), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award
at the Scientific Interface (GMK), a Butcher Grant, the National Science
Foundation (DBI-0923544, Phy-0551010) and NIST. Mention of commercial
products is for information only; it does not imply NIST's
recommendation or endorsement. T. T. Perkins is a staff member of NIST's
Quantum Physics Division.
NR 25
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U1 2
U2 7
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1094-4087
J9 OPT EXPRESS
JI Opt. Express
PD NOV 8
PY 2010
VL 18
IS 23
BP 23924
EP 23932
DI 10.1364/OE.18.023924
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA 676TG
UT WOS:000283940900063
PM 21164738
ER
PT J
AU Stock, C
Cowley, RA
Buyers, WJL
Frost, CD
Taylor, JW
Peets, D
Liang, R
Bonn, D
Hardy, WN
AF Stock, C.
Cowley, R. A.
Buyers, W. J. L.
Frost, C. D.
Taylor, J. W.
Peets, D.
Liang, R.
Bonn, D.
Hardy, W. N.
TI Effect of the pseudogap on suppressing high energy inelastic neutron
scattering in superconducting YBa2Cu3O6.5
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C
SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN DYNAMICS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; HIGH-T(C)
SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN EXCITATIONS;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DOPING DEPENDENCE
AB We have measured the spin fluctuations in the YBa2Cu3O6.5 (YBCO6.5, T-c=59 K) superconductor at high-energy transfers above similar to 100 meV. Within experimental error, the momentum dependence is isotropic at high energies, similar to that measured in the insulator for two-dimensional spin waves, and the dispersion extrapolates back to the incommensurate wave vector at the elastic position. This result contrasts with previous expectations based on measurements around 50 meV which were suggestive of a softening of the spin-wave velocity with increased hole doping. Unlike the insulator, we observe a significant reduction in the intensity of the spin excitations for energy transfers above similar to 100 meV similar to that observed above similar to 200 meV in the YBCO6.35 (T-c=18 K) superconductor as the spin waves approach the zone boundary. We attribute this high-energy scale with a second gap and find agreement with measurements of the pseudogap in the cuprates associated with electronic anomalies along the antinodal positions. In addition, we observe a sharp peak at around 400 meV whose energy softens with increased hole doping. We discuss possible origins of this excitation including a hydrogen-related molecular excitation and a transition of electronic states between d levels.
C1 [Stock, C.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Stock, C.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA.
[Frost, C. D.; Taylor, J. W.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
[Cowley, R. A.] Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Buyers, W. J. L.] CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1JO, Canada.
[Buyers, W. J. L.; Liang, R.; Bonn, D.; Hardy, W. N.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
[Peets, D.; Liang, R.; Bonn, D.; Hardy, W. N.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 2E7, Canada.
RP Stock, C (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
OI Peets, Darren/0000-0002-5456-574X
FU Leverhulme grant
FX We are grateful for the assistance of K. Allen and A. Orsulik for expert
technical support to Y.-J. Kim and R. Coldea for helpful discussions. R.
A. C. was partially supported by a Leverhulme grant.
NR 103
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV 8
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 17
AR 174505
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.174505
PG 15
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 676OZ
UT WOS:000283923200006
ER
PT J
AU Phelan, D
Long, X
Xie, Y
Ye, ZG
Glazer, AM
Yokota, H
Thomas, PA
Gehring, PM
AF Phelan, D.
Long, X.
Xie, Y.
Ye, Z. -G.
Glazer, A. M.
Yokota, H.
Thomas, P. A.
Gehring, P. M.
TI Single Crystal Study of Competing Rhombohedral and Monoclinic Order in
Lead Zirconate Titanate
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; PB(ZRXTI1-X)O-3 CERAMICS;
NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SERIES; PZT
AB Neutron diffraction data obtained on single crystals of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O(3) with x = 0.325 and x = 0.460, which lie on the pseudorhombohedral side of the morphotropic phase boundary, suggest a coexistence of rhombohedral (R3m/R3c) and monoclinic (Cm) domains and that monoclinic order is enhanced by Ti substitution. A monoclinic phase with a doubled unit cell (Cc) is ruled out as the ground state.
C1 [Phelan, D.; Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Long, X.; Xie, Y.; Ye, Z. -G.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
[Glazer, A. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
[Yokota, H.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Bioengn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
[Thomas, P. A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
RP Phelan, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RI Thomas, Pam/G-3532-2010;
OI Thomas, Pam/0000-0003-2221-0394; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); National
Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Office of Naval Research
[N00014-06-1-0166]; NSF [DMR-0944772]
FX A. M. G. and P. A. T. are grateful for funding from the Engineering and
Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and from the National Science
Foundation (NSF). X.L., Y.X, and Z.- G.Y. acknowledge support from the
U.S. Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-06-1-0166). This work
utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No.
DMR-0944772.
NR 25
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 6
U2 58
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 8
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 20
AR 207601
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.207601
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 676QG
UT WOS:000283927700009
PM 21231265
ER
PT J
AU Uys, H
Biercuk, MJ
VanDevender, AP
Ospelkaus, C
Meiser, D
Ozeri, R
Bollinger, JJ
AF Uys, H.
Biercuk, M. J.
VanDevender, A. P.
Ospelkaus, C.
Meiser, D.
Ozeri, R.
Bollinger, J. J.
TI Decoherence due to Elastic Rayleigh Scattering
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB We present theoretical and experimental studies of the decoherence of hyperfine ground-state super-positions due to elastic Rayleigh scattering of light off resonant with higher lying excited states. We demonstrate that under appropriate conditions, elastic Rayleigh scattering can be the dominant source of decoherence, contrary to previous discussions in the literature. We show that the elastic-scattering decoherence rate of a two-level system is given by the square of the difference between the elastic-scattering amplitudes for the two levels, and that for certain detunings of the light, the amplitudes can interfere constructively even when the elastic-scattering rates from the two levels are equal. We confirm this prediction through calculations and measurements of the total decoherence rate for a superposition of the valence electron spin levels in the ground state of (9)Be(+) in a 4.5 T magnetic field.
C1 [Uys, H.; Biercuk, M. J.; VanDevender, A. P.; Ospelkaus, C.; Bollinger, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Uys, H.] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
[Biercuk, M. J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Meiser, D.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Meiser, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Ozeri, R.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys Complex Syst, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
RP Uys, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM huys@csir.co.za; john.bollinger@nist.gov
RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009; Biercuk, Michael/B-4768-2010
OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936;
FU Georgia Tech; IARPA; NSF; DARPA OLE
FX We thank W. M. Itano, J. P. Britton, D. Hanneke, and M. J. Holland for
useful suggestions. M. J. B. acknowledges support from Georgia Tech and
IARPA. D. M. is supported by NSF. This work was supported by the DARPA
OLE program and by IARPA. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST
and is not subject to U. S. copyright.
NR 18
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD NOV 8
PY 2010
VL 105
IS 20
AR 200401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.200401
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 676QG
UT WOS:000283927700001
PM 21231210
ER
PT J
AU Cloern, JE
Hieb, KA
Jacobson, T
Sanso, B
Di Lorenzo, E
Stacey, MT
Largier, JL
Meiring, W
Peterson, WT
Powell, TM
Winder, M
Jassby, AD
AF Cloern, James E.
Hieb, Kathryn A.
Jacobson, Teresa
Sanso, Bruno
Di Lorenzo, Emanuele
Stacey, Mark T.
Largier, John L.
Meiring, Wendy
Peterson, William T.
Powell, Thomas M.
Winder, Monika
Jassby, Alan D.
TI Biological communities in San Francisco Bay track large-scale climate
forcing over the North Pacific
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; REGIME SHIFT; OSCILLATION; RECRUITMENT; CALIFORNIA;
PATTERNS; OCEAN; PHASE; WEST
AB Long-term observations show that fish and plankton populations in the ocean fluctuate in synchrony with large-scale climate patterns, but similar evidence is lacking for estuaries because of shorter observational records. Marine fish and invertebrates have been sampled in San Francisco Bay since 1980 and exhibit large, unexplained population changes including record-high abundances of common species after 1999. Our analysis shows that populations of demersal fish, crabs and shrimp covary with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), both of which reversed signs in 1999. A time series model forced by the atmospheric driver of NPGO accounts for two-thirds of the variability in the first principal component of species abundances, and generalized linear models forced by PDO and NPGO account for most of the annual variability of individual species. We infer that synchronous shifts in climate patterns and community variability in San Francisco Bay are related to changes in oceanic wind forcing that modify coastal currents, upwelling intensity, surface temperature, and their influence on recruitment of marine species that utilize estuaries as nursery habitat. Ecological forecasts of estuarine responses to climate change must therefore consider how altered patterns of atmospheric forcing across ocean basins influence coastal oceanography as well as watershed hydrology. Citation: Cloern, J. E., et al. (2010), Biological communities in San Francisco Bay track large-scale climate forcing over the North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21602, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044774.
C1 [Cloern, James E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
[Di Lorenzo, Emanuele] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Hieb, Kathryn A.] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Stockton, CA 95205 USA.
[Jacobson, Teresa; Sanso, Bruno] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
[Jassby, Alan D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95521 USA.
[Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA.
[Meiring, Wendy] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Stat & Appl Probabil, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Hatfield Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA.
[Powell, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Stacey, Mark T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Winder, Monika] Kiel Univ IFM GEOMAR, Leibniz Inst Marine Sci, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
[Winder, Monika] Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Tahoe Environm Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Cloern, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Mail Stop 496,345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM jecloern@usgs.gov
RI Cloern, James/C-1499-2011; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012;
OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Cloern,
James/0000-0002-5880-6862
FU California Department of Fish and Game; USGS; University of California
[113325G004]; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [113325G004]
FX This research was supported by the California Department of Fish and
Game, Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary, and
the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program and National Research
Program of the Water Resources Discipline. Analyses were supported by
cooperative agreement 113325G004 between the University of California,
Santa Barbara and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and conducted as
part of a working group facilitated by Erica Fleishman at the National
Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. We thank Louis Botsford,
Ted Sommer, Erica Fleishman and two anonymous reviewers for their
comments.
NR 23
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 38
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 6
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L21602
DI 10.1029/2010GL044774
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 676TV
UT WOS:000283942400001
ER
PT J
AU Ray, EA
Moore, FL
Rosenlof, KH
Davis, SM
Boenisch, H
Morgenstern, O
Smale, D
Rozanov, E
Hegglin, M
Pitari, G
Mancini, E
Braesicke, P
Butchart, N
Hardiman, S
Li, F
Shibata, K
Plummer, DA
AF Ray, Eric A.
Moore, Fred L.
Rosenlof, Karen H.
Davis, Sean M.
Boenisch, Harald
Morgenstern, Olaf
Smale, Dan
Rozanov, Eugene
Hegglin, Michaela
Pitari, Gianni
Mancini, Eva
Braesicke, Peter
Butchart, Neal
Hardiman, Steven
Li, Feng
Shibata, Kiyotaka
Plummer, David A.
TI Evidence for changes in stratospheric transport and mixing over the past
three decades based on multiple data sets and tropical leaky pipe
analysis
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; TOTAL OZONE; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES;
2-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; PINATUBO AEROSOL; GREENHOUSE GASES; AIR; AGE;
TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS
AB Variability in the strength of the stratospheric Lagrangian mean meridional or Brewer-Dobson circulation and horizontal mixing into the tropics over the past three decades are examined using observations of stratospheric mean age of air and ozone. We use a simple representation of the stratosphere, the tropical leaky pipe (TLP) model, guided by mean meridional circulation and horizontal mixing changes in several reanalyses data sets and chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations, to help elucidate reasons for the observed changes in stratospheric mean age and ozone. We find that the TLP model is able to accurately simulate multiyear variability in ozone following recent major volcanic eruptions and the early 2000s sea surface temperature changes, as well as the lasting impact on mean age of relatively short-term circulation perturbations. We also find that the best quantitative agreement with the observed mean age and ozone trends over the past three decades is found assuming a small strengthening of the mean circulation in the lower stratosphere, a moderate weakening of the mean circulation in the middle and upper stratosphere, and a moderate increase in the horizontal mixing into the tropics. The mean age trends are strongly sensitive to trends in the horizontal mixing into the tropics, and the uncertainty in the mixing trends causes uncertainty in the mean circulation trends. Comparisons of the mean circulation and mixing changes suggested by the measurements with those from a recent suite of CCM runs reveal significant differences that may have important implications on the accurate simulation of future stratospheric climate.
C1 [Ray, Eric A.; Moore, Fred L.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Davis, Sean M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Boenisch, Harald] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
[Braesicke, Peter] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci Climate Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Butchart, Neal; Hardiman, Steven] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Hegglin, Michaela] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Li, Feng] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
[Pitari, Gianni; Mancini, Eva] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Plummer, David A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Gatineau, PQ K1A OH3, Canada.
[Rozanov, Eugene] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Dorf, Switzerland.
[Shibata, Kiyotaka] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 5020052, Japan.
[Morgenstern, Olaf; Smale, Dan] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Omakau, New Zealand.
[Ray, Eric A.; Moore, Fred L.; Davis, Sean M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Rozanov, Eugene] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Ray, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM eric.ray@noaa.gov
RI Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Li,
Feng/H-2241-2012; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008;
Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Hegglin,
Michaela/D-7528-2017; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Rozanov,
Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Ray,
Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pitari,
Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Hegglin, Michaela/0000-0003-2820-9044;
Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292
FU NOAA ACCP; National Science Foundation (NSF); DECC/Defra [GA01101]
FX This work was supported by the NOAA ACCP program. We appreciate the
public availability of the JRA-25 output (obtained from
http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds625.0/) and the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis
(obtained from the NOAA ESRL Physical Sciences Division,
http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). The ERA-40 data for this study are from the
Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational
and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for
Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science
Foundation (NSF). The original ERA-40 data are available from the RDA
(http://dss.ucar.edu) in data set ds117.3. The contributions of Neal
Butchart and Steven Hardiman were support by the Joint DECC and Defra
Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). We also thank Emily
Shuckburgh for providing the code to calculate effective diffusivity.
NR 64
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 25
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 6
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D21304
DI 10.1029/2010JD014206
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 676VD
UT WOS:000283945900003
ER
PT J
AU Cermak, J
Wild, M
Knutti, R
Mishchenko, MI
Heidinger, AK
AF Cermak, Jan
Wild, Martin
Knutti, Reto
Mishchenko, Michael I.
Heidinger, Andrew K.
TI Consistency of global satellite-derived aerosol and cloud data sets with
recent brightening observations
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID RETRIEVALS; RADIATION; TRENDS
AB Solar radiation at the Earth surface has increased over land and ocean since about 1990 ('global brightening'). An analysis of various global (ocean only) aerosol and (global) cloud data sets from geostationary and polar orbiting satellites is performed to determine whether changes in these quantities have occurred in accordance with 'global brightening', and to analyse the global distribution of these changes. Change-point detection and trend analysis are employed in the analysis. In a period from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s, aerosol optical depth is found to have started declining in the early 1990s, while cloud data sets do not agree on trends. Angstrom exponent data seem to suggest changes in pollution. Citation: Cermak, J., M. Wild, R. Knutti, M. I. Mishchenko, and A. K. Heidinger (2010), Consistency of global satellite-derived aerosol and cloud data sets with recent brightening observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21704, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044632.
C1 [Cermak, Jan; Wild, Martin; Knutti, Reto] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Mishchenko, Michael I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA.
[Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Cermak, J (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM jan.cermak@env.ethz.ch
RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012; Knutti, Reto/B-8763-2008; Cermak,
Jan/B-7844-2009; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Mishchenko,
Michael/D-4426-2012
OI Knutti, Reto/0000-0001-8303-6700; Cermak, Jan/0000-0002-4240-595X;
Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X;
NR 18
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 5
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L21704
DI 10.1029/2010GL044632
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 676TT
UT WOS:000283942200001
ER
PT J
AU Austin, J
Struthers, H
Scinocca, J
Plummer, DA
Akiyoshi, H
Baumgaertner, AJG
Bekki, S
Bodeker, GE
Braesicke, P
Bruhl, C
Butchart, N
Chipperfield, MP
Cugnet, D
Dameris, M
Dhomse, S
Frith, S
Garny, H
Gettelman, A
Hardiman, SC
Jockel, P
Kinnison, D
Kubin, A
Lamarque, JF
Langematz, U
Mancini, E
Marchand, M
Michou, M
Morgenstern, O
Nakamura, T
Nielsen, JE
Pitari, G
Pyle, J
Rozanov, E
Shepherd, TG
Shibata, K
Smale, D
Teyssedre, H
Yamashita, Y
AF Austin, John
Struthers, H.
Scinocca, J.
Plummer, D. A.
Akiyoshi, H.
Baumgaertner, A. J. G.
Bekki, S.
Bodeker, G. E.
Braesicke, P.
Bruehl, C.
Butchart, N.
Chipperfield, M. P.
Cugnet, D.
Dameris, M.
Dhomse, S.
Frith, S.
Garny, H.
Gettelman, A.
Hardiman, S. C.
Joeckel, P.
Kinnison, D.
Kubin, A.
Lamarque, J. F.
Langematz, U.
Mancini, E.
Marchand, M.
Michou, M.
Morgenstern, O.
Nakamura, T.
Nielsen, J. E.
Pitari, G.
Pyle, J.
Rozanov, E.
Shepherd, T. G.
Shibata, K.
Smale, D.
Teyssedre, H.
Yamashita, Y.
TI Chemistry-climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; POLAR STRATOSPHERE;
TECHNICAL NOTE; DEPLETION; TRANSPORT; TRENDS; IMPACT; SENSITIVITY;
SURFACE
AB Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations covering the recent past and continuing throughout the 21st century have been completed with a range of different models. Common forcings are used for the halogen amounts and greenhouse gas concentrations, as expected under the Montreal Protocol (with amendments) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1b Scenario. The simulations of the Antarctic ozone hole are compared using commonly used diagnostics: the minimum ozone, the maximum area of ozone below 220 DU, and the ozone mass deficit below 220 DU. Despite the fact that the processes responsible for ozone depletion are reasonably well understood, a wide range of results is obtained. Comparisons with observations indicate that one of the reasons for the model underprediction in ozone hole area is the tendency for models to underpredict, by up to 35%, the area of low temperatures responsible for polar stratospheric cloud formation. Models also typically have species gradients that are too weak at the edge of the polar vortex, suggesting that there is too much mixing of air across the vortex edge. Other models show a high bias in total column ozone which restricts the size of the ozone hole (defined by a 220 DU threshold). The results of those models which agree best with observations are examined in more detail. For several models the ozone hole does not disappear this century but a small ozone hole of up to three million square kilometers continues to occur in most springs even after 2070.
C1 [Austin, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Austin, John] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA.
[Struthers, H.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
[Scinocca, J.] Univ Victoria, CCCMA, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
[Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Baumgaertner, A. J. G.; Bruehl, C.; Joeckel, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany.
[Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] INSU, CNRS, UPMC, LATMOS,IPSL,UVSQ, F-75231 Paris, France.
[Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, New Zealand.
[Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Chipperfield, M. P.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Dameris, M.; Garny, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.
[Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Frith, S.; Nielsen, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D.; Lamarque, J. F.] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Kubin, A.; Langematz, U.] Freie Univ, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany.
[Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy.
[Michou, M.; Teyssedre, H.] Meteo France, CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Morgenstern, O.; Smale, D.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder 9352, Omakau, New Zealand.
[Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland.
[Rozanov, E.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM john.austin@noaa.gov
RI Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Jockel,
Patrick/C-3687-2009; Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov,
Eugene/A-9857-2012; Baumgaertner, Andreas/C-4830-2011; Chipperfield,
Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki,
slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura, Tetsu/M-7914-2015
OI Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Braesicke,
Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Jockel,
Patrick/0000-0002-8964-1394; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Dhomse,
Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488;
Baumgaertner, Andreas/0000-0002-4740-0701; Chipperfield,
Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074;
bekki, slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392
FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; CFCAS through the C-SPARC;
New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology [C01X070];
NERC; DECC/Defra [GA01101]; European Commission
FX CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research
Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071). The MRI and
CCSRNIES simulations were completed with the supercomputer at the
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. CMAM simulations
were supported by CFCAS through the C-SPARC project. The computer time
for the EMAC-FUB simulation at ECMWF was provided by the German Weather
Service. The Niwa-SOCOL and UMETRAC simulations were supported by the
New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under
contract C01X070. The UMSLIMCAT work was supported by NERC. The
contribution of the Met Office Hadley Centre was supported by the Joint
DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). The
scientific work of the European CCM groups was supported by the European
Commission through the project SCOUT-O3 under the 6th Framework
Programme. J.A.'s research was administered by the University
Corporation for Atmospheric Research at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory. John Wilson and Rolando Garcia provided useful
comments on the paper. We acknowledge the Chemistry-Climate Model
Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World Climate Research
Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate)
project for organizing and coordinating the model data analysis activity
and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for collecting and
archiving the CCMVal model output.
NR 55
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 24
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 5
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D00M11
DI 10.1029/2009JD013577
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 676VA
UT WOS:000283945500005
ER
PT J
AU Wang, CH
Christianson, AD
Lawrence, JM
Bauer, ED
Goremychkin, EA
Kolesnikov, AI
Trouw, F
Ronning, F
Thompson, JD
Lumsden, MD
Ni, N
Mun, ED
Jia, S
Canfield, PC
Qiu, Y
Copley, JRD
AF Wang, C. H.
Christianson, A. D.
Lawrence, J. M.
Bauer, E. D.
Goremychkin, E. A.
Kolesnikov, A. I.
Trouw, F.
Ronning, F.
Thompson, J. D.
Lumsden, M. D.
Ni, N.
Mun, E. D.
Jia, S.
Canfield, P. C.
Qiu, Y.
Copley, J. R. D.
TI Neutron scattering and scaling behavior in URu2Zn20 and YbFe2Zn20
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; FLUCTUATIONS; EXCITATIONS; URANIUM; UPT3; RH;
IR; CO
AB The dynamic susceptibility chi '' (Delta E), measured by inelastic neutron-scattering measurements, shows a broad peak centered at E-max=15 meV for the cubic actinide compound URu2Zn20 and 7 meV at zone center and at the (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) zone boundary for the rare-earth counterpart compound YbFe2Zn20. For URu2Zn20, the low-temperature susceptibility and magnetic specific-heat coefficient gamma = C-mag/T take the values chi = 0.011 emu/mole and gamma = 190 mJ/mole K-2 at T=2 K. These values are roughly three times smaller, and E-max is three times larger, than recently reported for the related compound UCo2Zn20, so that chi and gamma scale inversely with the characteristic energy for spin fluctuations, T-sf = E-max/k(B). While chi(T) , C-mag(T), and E-max of the 4f compound YbFe2Zn20 are very well described by the Kondo impurity model, we show that the model works poorly for URu2Zn20 and UCo2Zn20, suggesting that the scaling behavior of the actinide compounds arises from spin fluctuations of itinerant 5f electrons.
C1 [Wang, C. H.; Lawrence, J. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Wang, C. H.; Bauer, E. D.; Trouw, F.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Christianson, A. D.; Kolesnikov, A. I.; Lumsden, M. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Goremychkin, E. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ni, N.; Mun, E. D.; Jia, S.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
[Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Wang, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Canfield,
Paul/H-2698-2014; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; christianson,
andrew/A-3277-2016; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012;
OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; christianson,
andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660; Ronning,
Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-03ER46036]; Scientific User
Facilities Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), DOE; DOE-BES
[DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Science Foundation
[DMR-0454672]
FX Research at UC Irvine was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and
Engineering under Award No. DE-FG02-03ER46036. Work at ORNL was
supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division Office of Basic
Energy Sciences (BES), DOE. Work at ANL was supported by DOE-BES under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at the Ames Laboratory was
supported by the DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Work at
Los Alamos, including work performed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science
Center, was also supported by the DOE-BES. Work at NIST utilized
facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under
Agreement No. DMR-0454672.
NR 27
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 13
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD NOV 5
PY 2010
VL 82
IS 18
AR 184407
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184407
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA 675OW
UT WOS:000283841000003
ER
PT J
AU Sorooshian, A
Murphy, SM
Hersey, S
Bahreini, R
Jonsson, H
Flagan, RC
Seinfeld, JH
AF Sorooshian, Armin
Murphy, Shane M.
Hersey, Scott
Bahreini, Roya
Jonsson, Haflidi
Flagan, Richard C.
Seinfeld, John H.
TI Constraining the contribution of organic acids and AMS m/z 44 to the
organic aerosol budget: On the importance of meteorology, aerosol
hygroscopicity, and region
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MASS-SPECTROMETER; FOG DROPLETS; TOF-AMS; DASH-SP; SECONDARY; SIZE;
CLOUD; ATMOSPHERE; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES
AB Airborne measurements in regions of varying meteorology and pollution are used to quantify the contribution of organic acids and a mass spectral marker for oxygenated aerosols, m/z 44, to the total organic aerosol budget. Organic acids and m/z 44 separately are shown to exhibit their highest organic mass fractions in the vicinity of clouds. The contribution of such oxygenated species is shown to increase as a function of relative humidity, aerosol hygroscopicity (and decreasing organic mass fraction), and is typically greater off the California coast versus the continental atmospheres studied. Reasons include more efficient chemistry and partitioning of organic acid precursors with increasing water in the reaction medium, and high aqueous-phase processing times in boundary layers with higher cloud volume fractions. These results highlight the importance of secondary organic aerosol formation in both wet aerosols and cloud droplets. Citation: Sorooshian, A., S. M. Murphy, S. Hersey, R. Bahreini, H. Jonsson, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (2010), Constraining the contribution of organic acids and AMS m/z 44 to the organic aerosol budget: On the importance of meteorology, aerosol hygroscopicity, and region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21807, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044951.
C1 [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Murphy, Shane M.; Bahreini, Roya] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Hersey, Scott; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Hersey, Scott; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Jonsson, Haflidi] USN, Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93933 USA.
RP Sorooshian, A (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, POB 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM armin@email.arizona.edu
RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015;
OI Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811]; NASA; NRC; NOAA
[NA06OAR4310082]; ONR [N00014-04-1-0118]; NSF [ATM-0340832]
FX AS acknowledges support from an Office of Naval Research YIP award
(N00014-10-1-0811). SMM acknowledges a NASA Earth and Space Sciences
Fellowship and a NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. The aircraft measurements
were supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082, ONR grant N00014-04-1-0118,
and NSF grant ATM-0340832. The authors acknowledge Barbara Ervens for
helpful discussions.
NR 28
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 0094-8276
EI 1944-8007
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD NOV 4
PY 2010
VL 37
AR L21807
DI 10.1029/2010GL044951
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA 676TQ
UT WOS:000283941900003
ER
PT J
AU Austin, J
Scinocca, J
Plummer, D
Oman, L
Waugh, D
Akiyoshi, H
Bekki, S
Braesicke, P
Butchart, N
Chipperfield, M
Cugnet, D
Dameris, M
Dhomse, S
Eyring, V
Frith, S
Garcia, RR
Garny, H
Gettelman, A
Hardiman, SC
Kinnison, D
Lamarque, JF
Mancini, E
Marchand, M
Michou, M
Morgenstern, O
Nakamura, T
Pawson, S
Pitari, G
Pyle, J
Rozanov, E
Shepherd, TG
Shibata, K
Teyssedre, H
Wilson, RJ
Yamashita, Y
AF Austin, John
Scinocca, J.
Plummer, D.
Oman, L.
Waugh, D.
Akiyoshi, H.
Bekki, S.
Braesicke, P.
Butchart, N.
Chipperfield, M.
Cugnet, D.
Dameris, M.
Dhomse, S.
Eyring, V.
Frith, S.
Garcia, R. R.
Garny, H.
Gettelman, A.
Hardiman, S. C.
Kinnison, D.
Lamarque, J. F.
Mancini, E.
Marchand, M.
Michou, M.
Morgenstern, O.
Nakamura, T.
Pawson, S.
Pitari, G.
Pyle, J.
Rozanov, E.
Shepherd, T. G.
Shibata, K.
Teyssedre, H.
Wilson, R. J.
Yamashita, Y.
TI Decline and recovery of total column ozone using a multimodel time
series analysis
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERIC
OZONE; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; TECHNICAL NOTE; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; TRENDS;
CIRCULATION; SENSITIVITY
AB [1] Simulations of 15 coupled chemistry climate models, for the period 1960-2100, are presented. The models include a detailed stratosphere, as well as including a realistic representation of the tropospheric climate. The simulations assume a consistent set of changing greenhouse gas concentrations, as well as temporally varying chlorofluorocarbon concentrations in accordance with observations for the past and expectations for the future. The ozone results are analyzed using a nonparametric additive statistical model. Comparisons are made with observations for the recent past, and the recovery of ozone, indicated by a return to 1960 and 1980 values, is investigated as a function of latitude. Although chlorine amounts are simulated to return to 1980 values by about 2050, with only weak latitudinal variations, column ozone amounts recover at different rates due to the influence of greenhouse gas changes. In the tropics, simulated peak ozone amounts occur by about 2050 and thereafter total ozone column declines. Consequently, simulated ozone does not recover to values which existed prior to the early 1980s. The results also show a distinct hemispheric asymmetry, with recovery to 1980 values in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics ahead of the chlorine return by about 20 years. In the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, ozone is simulated to return to 1980 levels only 10 years ahead of chlorine. In the Antarctic, annually averaged ozone recovers at about the same rate as chlorine in high latitudes and hence does not return to 1960s values until the last decade of the simulations.
C1 [Austin, John; Wilson, R. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Akiyoshi, H.; Nakamura, T.; Yamashita, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Bekki, S.; Cugnet, D.; Marchand, M.] UPMC, CNRS, INSU, UVSQ,IPSL,LATMOS, F-75231 Paris, France.
[Braesicke, P.; Pyle, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, NCAS Climate Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Butchart, N.; Hardiman, S. C.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Chipperfield, M.; Dhomse, S.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Dameris, M.; Eyring, V.; Garny, H.] Inst Phys Atmosphare, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82234 Wessling, Germany.
[Frith, S.; Pawson, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Garcia, R. R.; Gettelman, A.; Kinnison, D.; Lamarque, J. F.] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Mancini, E.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-161700 Laquila, Italy.
[Michou, M.; Teyssedre, H.] CNRM, GAME, F-31057 Toulouse, France.
[Morgenstern, O.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Omakau 9352, Lauder, New Zealand.
[Oman, L.; Waugh, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada.
[Rozanov, E.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland.
[Scinocca, J.] Univ Victoria, CCMA, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
[Shepherd, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.
[Shibata, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan.
[Frith, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Beltsville, MD USA.
[Rozanov, E.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
EM john.austin@noaa.gov
RI Dhomse, Sandip/C-8198-2011; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Oman,
Luke/C-2778-2009; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Lamarque,
Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; bekki, slimane/J-7221-2015; Nakamura,
Tetsu/M-7914-2015; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Pawson,
Steven/I-1865-2014; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring,
Veronika/O-9999-2016;
OI Morgenstern, Olaf/0000-0002-9967-9740; Dhomse,
Sandip/0000-0003-3854-5383; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Oman,
Luke/0000-0002-5487-2598; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149;
Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; bekki,
slimane/0000-0002-5538-0800; Nakamura, Tetsu/0000-0002-2056-7392;
Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Pawson,
Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578;
Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292
FU Ministry of the Environment of Japan [A-071]; New Zealand Foundation for
Research, Science and Technology [C01X070]; NERC; DECC/Defra [GA01101];
European Commission [SCOUT-O3]
FX CCSRNIES research was supported by the Global Environmental Research
Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (A-071). The MRI and
CCSRNIES simulations were completed with the supercomputer at the
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. CMAM simulations
were supported by CFCAS through the C-SPARC project. The Niwa-SOCOL and
UMETRAC simulations were supported by the New Zealand Foundation for
Research, Science and Technology under contract C01X070. The UMSLIMCAT
work was supported by NERC. The contribution of the Met Office Hadley
Centre was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate
Programme, DECC/Defra (GA01101). The scientific work of the European CCM
groups was supported by the European Commission through the project
SCOUT-O3 under the 6th Framework Programme. J.A.'s research was
administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at
the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. Larry Horowitz and Dan
Schwarzkopf provided useful comments on the paper. We acknowledge the
Chemistry-Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) Activity for WCRP's (World
Climate Research Programme) SPARC (Stratospheric Processes and their
Role in Climate) project for organizing and coordinating the model data
analysis activity, and the British Atmospheric Data Center (BADC) for
collecting and archiving the CCMVal model output.
NR 44
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D00M10
DI 10.1029/2010JD013857
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 676UT
UT WOS:000283944800004
ER
PT J
AU Shin, SI
Sardeshmukh, PD
Pegion, K
AF Shin, Sang-Ik
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
Pegion, Kathy
TI Realism of local and remote feedbacks on tropical sea surface
temperatures in climate models
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; INTERACTIVE FEEDBACK; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; COUPLED
MODELS; ENSO; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; ANOMALIES; GCMS
AB [1] An important emerging issue in climate research is the degree to which a sea surface temperature (SST) change in one tropical ocean basin affects the SST in other basins. In this study, the SST interactions among eight broadly defined regions of coherent SST variability in the tropical Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans are estimated using 3 observational and 76 climate model simulation data sets of the 20th century. The eight-dimensional SST feedback matrix is estimated separately using each data set by constructing a Linear Inverse Model based on the lag-covariance statistics of the 100 year monthly SST time series. The simulated feedback matrices are found to differ in several key respects from the observed matrices and also from one another. In particular, the influence of the eastern Pacific ENSO region on other regions and of the other regions on the ENSO region is found to vary considerably from model to model. The representation of remote interactions with the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool region is also found to be highly variable. It is argued that these large errors/differences arise mainly from differences in the representation of the remote atmospheric teleconnective feedbacks, and to a lesser extent the local radiative-thermodynamic feedbacks, on the SSTs in the models, whereas differences in the representation of the tropical oceanic wave dynamics are likely less important.
C1 [Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Pegion, Kathy] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
[Shin, Sang-Ik; Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.; Pegion, Kathy] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Shin, SI (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA.
RI Pegion, Kathy/E-1525-2013
FU NOAA's Climate Variability and Predictability (CVP) Program
FX This work was supported by a grant from NOAA's Climate Variability and
Predictability (CVP) Program.
NR 37
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
EI 2169-8996
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D21110
DI 10.1029/2010JD013927
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 676UT
UT WOS:000283944800006
ER
PT J
AU Wu, RG
Yang, S
Liu, S
Sun, L
Lian, Y
Gao, ZT
AF Wu, Renguang
Yang, Song
Liu, Shi
Sun, Li
Lian, Yi
Gao, Zongting
TI Changes in the relationship between Northeast China summer temperature
and ENSO
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; INDIAN-OCEAN
DIPOLE; HEMISPHERE SUMMER; INTERDECADAL CHANGES; ARCTIC OSCILLATION;
MONSOON RAINFALL; EAST-ASIA; PACIFIC; CLIMATE
AB [1] Northeast China (NEC) summer temperature tends to be lower (higher) than normal in El Nino (La Nina) developing years during 1950s through mid-1970s. The relationship between the NEC summer temperature and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is weakened or even becomes opposite in 1980s and 1990s. The present study documents this interdecadal change and investigates plausible reasons for this change. Before the late 1970s, ENSO affects the NEC summer temperature through modulating the South Asian heating and consequently the midlatitude Asian circulation. After the late 1970s, the connection between ENSO and the Indian summer monsoon and that between the South Asian heating and the midlatitude Asian circulation have been weakened. This leads to a weakening of ENSO impacts on the NEC summer temperature. It is found that the NEC summer temperature variations are closely related to the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) and circulation changes in 1980s and 1990s. In particular, a tripole North Atlantic SST anomaly pattern in boreal spring is a good precursory for the NEC summer temperature anomalies. The NEC summer temperature displays a negative correlation with the summer SST surrounding the Maritime Continent in 1980s and 1990s. In many years, the tropical North Pacific and the North Atlantic SST anomalies can contribute in concert to the midlatitude Asian circulation changes and the NEC summer temperature anomalies. These effects overcome those of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies, leading to a same-sign relationship between the NEC summer temperature and the central and eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies.
C1 [Wu, Renguang] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Inst Global Environm & Soc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
[Liu, Shi; Sun, Li; Lian, Yi; Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun 130062, Jilin, Peoples R China.
[Yang, Song] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA.
RP Wu, RG (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Inst Global Environm & Soc, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM renguang@cola.iges.org
RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009
FU NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058, NA09OAR4310186]; NASA
[NNX09AN50G]; Governor's Foundation of Jilin Province of China
FX The authors appreciate comments of Bohua Huang and three anonymous
reviewers. This research was supported by grants from the NSF
(ATM-0830068), NOAA (NA09OAR4310058 and NA09OAR4310186), and NASA
(NNX09AN50G). SL, LS, YL, and ZG were supported by the Governor's
Foundation of Jilin Province of China.
NR 59
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 2
U2 20
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-897X
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD NOV 4
PY 2010
VL 115
AR D21107
DI 10.1029/2010JD014422
PG 15
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 676UT
UT WOS:000283944800009
ER
EF